IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


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,v^  C^x 


/  ■»  mS        /////     ^W 


y 


5r     w/M 


1.0 


I.I 


1.25 


r5o 


IIM    12.5 


IM    12.2 


iuo 


2.0 


III  1.8 
14    111.6 


Photographic 

Sciences 

Corporation 


33  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14580 

(716)  872-4503 


m 


iV 


v 


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-^ 


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■^f- 


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CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions 


Institut  Canadian  de  microreproductions  historiquet 


1980 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notes/Notes  techniques  et  bibliographiques 


The  Institute  has  attempted  to  obtain  the  best 
original  copy  available  for  filming.  Features  of  this 
copy  which  may  be  bibliographically  unique, 
which  may  alter  any  of  the  images  in  the 
reproduction,  or  which  may  significantly  change 
the  usual  method  of  filming,  are  checked  below. 


D 


D 


D 


D 
D 


D 


D 


Coloured  covers/ 
Couverture  de  couleur 


I      I    Covers  damaged/ 


Couverture  endommag6e 


Covers  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Couverture  restaurde  et/ou  pellicul6e 


□    Cover  title  missing/ 
Le  titre  de  couverture  manque 

I      I    Coloured  maps/ 


Cartes  gdographiques  en  couleur 


Coloured  ink  (i.e.  other  than  blue  or  black)/ 
Encre  de  couleur  (i.e.  autre  que  bleue  ou  noire) 


□    Coloured  plates  and/or  illustrations/ 
Planches  et/ou  illustrations  en  couleur 


Bound  with  other  material/ 
Retid  avec  d'autres  documents 

Tight  binding  may  cause  shadows  or  distortion 
along  interior  margin/ 

La  reliure  serr^e  peut  causer  de  I'ombre  ou  de  la 
distortion  le  long  de  la  marge  intdrieure 

Blank  leaves  added  during  restoration  may 
appear  within  the  text.  Whenever  possible,  these 
have  been  omitted  from  filming/ 
II  se  peut  que  certaines  pages  blanches  ajout6es 
lors  d'une  restauration  apparaissent  dans  le  texte, 
mais,  lorsque  cela  6tait  possible,  ces  pages  n'ont 
pas  6t6  filmdes. 

Additional  comments:/ 
Commentaires  suppl6mentaires; 


L'institut  a  microfilm^  le  meilleur  exemplaire 
qu'il  lui  a  6t6  possible  de  se  procurer.  Les  details 
de  cet  exemplaire  qui  sont  peut-dtre  uniques  du 
point  de  vue  bibliographique,  qui  peuvent  modifier 
une  image  reproduite,  ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  une 
modification  dans  la  mdthode  normale  de  filmage 
sont  indiqu6s  ci-dessous. 


□    Coloured  pages/ 
Pages  de  couleur 


D 
D 
D 
D 
D 


Pages  damaged/ 
Pages  endommagdes 

Pages  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Pages  restaur6es  et/ou  pelliculdes 

Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed/ 
Pages  ddcolordes,  tacheties  ou  piqudes 

Pages  detached/ 
Psges  ddtachdes 

Showthrough/ 
Transparence 


I      I    Quality  of  print  varies/ 


Quality  indgale  de  I'impression' 

Includes  supplementary  material/ 
Comprend  du  materiel  supplementaire 


D 
D 


Only  edition  available/ 
Seule  Edition  disponible 

Pages  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata 
slips,  tissues,  etc..  have  been  refilmed  to 
ensure  the  best  possible  image/ 
Les  pages  totalement  ou  partiellement 
obscurcies  par  un  feuillet  d'orrata,  une  pelure, 
etc.,  ont  6t6  filmdes  d  nouveau  de  fapon  d 
obtenir  la  meilleure  image  possible. 


10] 

/ 
K 

This  item  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ce  document  est  f  ilm6  au  taux  de  reduction  indiqu6  ci-dessous. 

14X                             18X                            22X 

26X 

30X 

y 

12X                            16X                            20X 

24X 

28X 

32X 

The  copy  filmed  here  has  been  reproduced  thanks 
to  the  generosity  of: 

National  Library  of  Canada 


L'exemplaire  filmd  fut  reproduit  grdce  d  la 
g6n6rosit6  de: 

Bibliothdque  nationale  du  Canada 


The  images  appearing  here  are  the  best  quality 
possible  considering  the  condition  and  legibility 
of  the  original  copy  and  in  keeping  with  the 
filming  contract  specifications. 


Les  images  suivantes  ont  6t6  reproduites  avec  le 
plus  grand  soin,  compte  tenu  de  la  condition  et 
de  la  nettetd  de  l'exemplaire  film6,  et  en 
conformity  avec  les  conditions  du  contrat  de 
filmage. 


Original  copies  in  printed  paper  covers  are  filmed 
beginning  with  the  front  cover  and  ending  on 
the  last  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, or  the  back  cover  when  appropriate.  Ail 
other  original  copies  are  filmed  beginning  on  the 
first  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, and  ending  on  the  last  page  with  a  printed 
or  illustrated  impression. 


The  last  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  ^^  (meaning  "CON- 
TINUED "),  or  the  symbol  y  (meaning  "END"), 
whichever  applies. 


Les  exemplaires  originaux  dont  ia  couverture  en 
papier  est  imprimde  sont  filmds  en  commenpant 
par  le  premier  plat  et  en  terminant  soit  par  la 
dernidre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration,  soit  par  le  second 
plat,  selon  le  cas.  Tous  les  autres  exemplaires 
originaux  sont  film6s  en  commengant  par  la 
premidre  pape  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration  et  en  terminant  par 
la  dernidre  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 

Un  des  symboles  suivants  apparaitra  sur  la 
dernidre  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  le 
cas:  le  symbole  — ►  signifie  "A  SUIVRE  ",  le 
symbole  V  signifie  "FIN". 


Maps,  plates,  charts,  etc.,  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  are  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


Les  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  dtre 
film^s  d  des  taux  de  reduction  diffdrents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  dtre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  clich6,  il  est  film6  d  partir 
de  Tangle  supdrieur  gauche,  de  gauche  d  droite, 
et  de  haut  en  bas,  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'images  ndcessaire.  Les  diagrammes  suivants 
illustrent  la  mdthode. 


1 

2 

3 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

AN 


Illustrated  Flora 


OK    Tills 


NoRTHF.RN  United  States.  Canada 

ANIJ    THE 

BRITLSH  rOSSESSIONS 

From  Newfoundland  to  the  Parallel  of  the  southern  Boundary  op  V.rg.n.a 

AND  FROM  THE  ATLANTIC  OcEAN  WESTWARD  TO  THE  ,02D  MeR.D.AN 


1)Y 

NATHANIEL    LORD   BRITTON,  Pn  D 

EMKRnUS    r.K<...KSS,..    a.    HOTAXV    ,X    C0,..M1„A    Umv.KS.TV,    AXn    D,K,.CTOK-,X-C.M.r 

OF  THE  \,.:w  York  Uotamcal  Garijex 

AM) 

HON.  ADDISON   BROWN 

President  of  the  Torrey  Botanical  Clui. 
THE    DESCRIPTIVE   TEXT 

C,11E..LV    ,.REPAR,^>    ,.v    Proeessor     Hr.tTON,    Wn  1,    THE    ASSISTANCE    OF    S.-ECAMSTS    ,x 
SK^ERA..    0RO.:.s;    THE    FkU:RES    ALSO    DRAWN    UNDER    „,s    SupeRvIm^" 


IN   THREE   VOLUiMES 

Vol.  Ill 

APOCYNACEAE    TO    COMPOSITAE 

DOGBANE  TO   THISTLE 


NEW  YORK 

CHARLES  SCRIBNER'S  SONS 

1898 

/  f  5 


QK//7 

fc  I. 
V.5 


Copyright  1S98 

BY 

Charles  Scribner's  Sons 


Thb  Nnvv  Era  Printing  Company 
Lancaster,  Pa. 


Contents  of  Volume  III. 


Prki-ack  to  Vol..  III. 
Abbreviations  of  thk  \ami:s  oi- 
Gknerai,  Key  of  Orders  and  Fam 
Gamopetalae  (continued) 


17.  Apocynaceak 

18.  asclei'iadaceak 
i<).  convolvitlaceae 

20.  cuscutaceae 

21.  polemoniaceae 

22.  Hydrophyllaceae 
2,?.  Boraoinaceae 

24.  Verhenaceae 
2,v  Labiatae 
26.  Solanaceae 


i  27.  scrophl-lariaceae 

4  28.  Lentibi-lariaceae 

19  29.  Orobanchaceae 

27  30.  Hk;xo.vi..\ceae 

31  31-  Marty.maceae 

43  32-  acantiiaceae 

50  32'.  Phrvmaceae 

69  :^:^.  Pla.\ta(;i.\aceae 

74  3-t.  RUBIACEAE 

124  35.  Caprikoliaceae 


IV 

Al'THORS           vi 

LIES 

viii 

1-493 

142 

36.  Adoxaceae 

188 

37.  Valeria.vaceae 

194 

38.  Dipsaceae 

.98 

39.  Cl'ci-rbitaceak 

2CX) 

40.  Camp.wulaceae 

201 

41.  CiCIIORIACEAE 

205 

42.  Ambrosiaceae 

205 

43'  COMPOSITAE 

211 

227 

242 

243 

247 
249 

252 

261 

292 
298 


ENGUSH   FAMILY   NAMES. 
Petals  wholly  or  partly  united,  rarely  separate  or  wauting  (continued) 


17.  DotJBANE  Fa.MILY 

18.  Mii-KWEEo  Family 

19.  MORiMNG-GLUKY 

Family 

20.  Dodder  Family 

21.  Phlox  Family 

22.  Water-Leak  Family 

23.  Roka(;e  Family 

24.  Vervain  Family 

25.  Mint  Family 

26.  PoT.YTo  Family 


I 
4 

19 


Appendix 
Summary 
Glossary 


3> 
43 

so 
69 

74 

124 

494-521 

521 

522-526 


27.  Fi(;\voRT  Family 

28.  Bladderwort 

Family 

29.  Broom-Rape  Fa.milv 

30.  Trumpet-Creei'kr 

Family 

31.  rxic<jRN  Plant 

I"amilv 

32.  Acanthus  Family 
32'.  I.opsKED  Family 
M.  Plantain  Family 

Errata 

General  Index  oe  L.vtin  Names 


142 

1 88 
194 

198 

200 
201 
205 

205  : 


1-493 

34.  Madder  Family  211 
35-  Hoxeysvckle 

Family  227 

36.  Mosciiatel  Family  242 

37.  Valerian  Fa.milv  243 

38.  Teasel  Family  247 
!9.  Gourd  F.\mily  249 


40.  Bell-Flower  Fa.milv  252 


English  Index  and  Topilar  Plant  Names      556- 


4t.  Chicory  Fa.milv 
42.  Rac.weed  Family 
43-  Thistle  Family 

526 

527-555 


26 1 

29  a 
298 


SYMBOLS   USED. 
°  is  used  after  figures  to  indicate  feet. 
'  is  used  after  figures  to  indicate  inches. 

''  is  used  after  figures  to  indicate  lines,  or  twelfths  of  an  inch 
'  over  syllables  indicates  the  accent,  and  the  s/,ori  English  sound  of  the  vowel 

of  lL°M  '"'^'""'  '"'"  "'""'•  "'"'  '^^  '°"^'  ^''"''^'  °F^°  °^  '^'"^^  English  sound 

In  the  Metric  System 

The  metre  =  39.37  inches,  or  3  feet  3.37  inches. 
The  decimetre  ==  3.94  inches. 
The  centimetre  =  f  of  an  inch,  or  4f  lines. 
The  millimetre  =  j^  of  an  inch,  or  ^  a  line. 
2j  millimetres  =  i  line. 


very  nearly. 


Preface  to  Volume  III. 


WITH  the  piil)licalii)n  of  the  coiichuliiij,'  vohinie  of  the  Ilhislrated  Flora,  the  authors 
desire  to  express  their  ai>preciatioii  of  the  favor  with  which  tlie  previous  volumes 
have  been  receive<l.  Volume  III,  it  is  believed,  will  he  found  no  less  useful  than  the  pre- 
cediuff  ones;  and  from  the  difliculties  presented  to  the  student  hy  the  great  family  of  Com- 
posites, which  occupies  about  one-half  of  the  present  volume,  this  may  prove  to  be  the  most 
helpful  of  all. 

The  number  of  species  figured  in  the  whole  work  is  4162,  comprising  177  Families  and 
1103  Genera.  Mighty  one  of  these  s])ecies,  mostly  western,  being  new  determinations  or 
new  discoveries,  made  while  tlie  woik  has  been  going  tliro\igh  the  press  and  too  late  for  in- 
sertion ill  their  proper  places,  are  figured  in  the  Api)eiidix  (pp.  4S.4  to  321 ).  These  bring  up 
to  January,  ll^i^S,  it  is  believed,  all  well  CMlablished  species  within  our  area.  The  cuts  are 
numbered  consecutively  throughout  the  work,  excejit  those  in  the  .\ppendix,  which  are  re- 
ferred to  their  proper  places  by  giving  to  each  the  number  of  the  previously  figured  species 
to  which  it  is  most  closely  allied,  with  the  addition  of  the  letter  a,  b  or  c,  etc.,  for  distinction. 

As  re.spects  the  admission  of  new  species,  the  aim  has  been  to  pursue  a  conservative 
course,  and  to  admit  those  only  that  \ipon  continuous  observation  appear  to  bear  the  requi- 
site tests  of  constancy  and  persistency  in  their  distinguishing  characters.  In  an  illustrated 
work,  however,  devoted  to  the  reproduction  ot  what  is  found  in  nature,  it  is  better  to  e't  in 
illustrating  too  many  forms,  rather  than  in  giving  too  few. 

A  general  Key  of  the  Orders  and  rainilies,  prepared  by  l)r.  liritton  according  to  the 
method  followed  in  the  Keys  to  the  genera  and  species,  will  be  f(jund  at  the  beginning  of 
the  volume,  preceded  by  a  table  of  alibrevi.itions  of  the  names  of  botanical  authors  cited. 
At  the  close  is  a  glossary  of  the  special  botanical  terms  here  used,  follo\,ed  by  a  complete 
General  Index  of  all  the  Latin  names,  including  synonyms,  used  throughout  the  work. 

This  general  Key  has  been  elaborated  on  the  natural  method,  dividing  the  two  subking- 
doms  of  plants  described  in  the  work  into  Clas.ses,  Sub-classes,  Orders  and  Tamilies  success- 
ively. The  Orders  are  not  described  in  the  work  itself,  but  their  principal  distinguishing 
characters  are  given  in  this  key.  The  natural  method  adopted  necessitates  a  considerable 
number  of  exceptions  to  statements,  owing  to  the  varying  degree  of  develoi)ment  of  floral 
organs  in  the  derivation  of  plants  from  their  ancestors;  these  exceptions  are  either  noted 
under  the  he;idings  or  indicated  by  cross-references. 

In  using  this  key,  or  any  of  the  keys  to  genera  or  to  species,  the  student  will  often  find, 
in  the  analysis  of  a  jjlant  that  it  does  not  provide  all  the  information  necessary  for  its  deter- 
mination; this  is  generally  owing  t(j  the  incomplete  condition  of  the  specimen  collected;  it 
may  be  in  flower,  while  the  characteristic  dilTerences  between  it  and  others  are  only  to  be 
found  in  the  fruit,  or  r/rv  fi'isii  ;  or  the  species  may  l)e  dioecious,  or  polygamous,  when  its 
other  organs,  perchance  the  characteristic  ones,  must  be  sought  on  another  individual,  and 
there  are  various  other  causes  for  incompleteness.  It  is  therefore  earnestly  recommended 
that  collections  be  carefully  made,  seeking  to  reduce  as  far  as  possible  this  more  or  less  neces- 
sary incompleteness.  Where  satisfactory  material  can  not  be  obtained,  it  will  usually  be 
found  possible  to  reach  the  desired  analysis  by  following  out  two  or  more  Hues  of  the  key, 
and  by  comparing  the  results  reached  with  the  descriptions  to  determine  the  family,  genus 
or  species.     The  illustrations  provide  an  almo.st  indispensable  aid  in  such  cases. 

For  the  general  English  Index  at  the  end  of  this  volume.  Judge  Hrown  has  compiled  a 
list  of  all  the  popular  names  of  the  plants  belonging  to  our  area,  so  far  as  obtainable,  both 
general  and  local,  including  also  most  of  the  Ivnglish  names  of  our  plants  that  have  been 
heretofore  used  by  botanical  authors,  as  well  as  most  of  the  older  and  the  tnore  modern  Eng- 
lish popular  names  of  plants  common  to  our  area  and  to  Ivngland.  Hundreds  of  these  lat- 
ter names  were  brought  to  this  country  by  the  early  English  colonists,  some  of  which  are 
still  current  here  that  are  now  disu.sed  there. 

A  considerable  number  of  the  popular  names  are  given  in  the  text  in  connection  with 
the  leading  English  name,  or  in  the  notes.  vSeveral  thousand  others,  which  could  not  appear 
in  the  text,  are  printed  in  the  Index  in  italics.  These  arc  referred  to  the  proper  plant  by  the 
number  of  the  illustration  or  figure  \i).  The  list  includes  in  all  about  10,000 different  plant- 
names,  and  upwards  of  12,000  references  to  the  illustrations.     It  embraces  all  our  plant- 


Vol..  III.] 


I'RIiPACE. 


names  commonly  used  1>y  pliarmacisU,  druggists,  liorticulturists  and  plant-collectors,  or 
likely  to  be  met  with  in  l)otanical  or  current  literature.* 

No  similar  compilation  of  .Vmcrican  plant-names  has  been  hitherto  published.  Many 
of  them  are  not  to  be  found  iu  any  general  dictionaries.  To  the  mass  of  the  people,  this 
Index,  in  connection  with  the  references  to  the  illustrations,  will  afford  the  readiest  means 
of  plant-identification,  and  to  them  it  is  practically  indispensable  for  that  purpose. 

These  names  are  full  of  interest,  from  their  origin,  history  and  significance.  .\s  observed 
in  Hritten  and  Holland's  work  cited  in  the  notes  below,  "they  are  derived  from  a  variety  of 
languages,  often  carrying  us  back  to  the  early  days  of  our  country's  history,  and  to  the  vari- 
ous peoples  who  as  contiuerors  or  colonists  have  landed  on  our  shores  and  left  an  impress  on 
our  language.  Many  of  these  old  world  words  are  full  of  poetical  association,  speaking  to  us 
of  the  thoughts  and  feelings  of  the  olil  world  people  who  invented  them;  others  tell  of  the 
ancient  mythology  of  our  ancestors,  of  strange  old  medicinal  usages,  and  of  superstitions 
now  almost  forgotten." 

;\Iost  of  these  names  suggest  their  own  explanation.  The  greater  number  are  either  de- 
scriptive or  derived  from  the  supposed  uses,  qualities  or  properties  of  the  plants;  many  refer  to 
their  habitat,  appearance  or  resemblance  real  or  fancied  to  other  things;  others  come  from 
poetical  suggestion,  affection  or  association  with  saints  or  persons.  Many  are  very  graphic,  as 
the  western  name,  Prairie  Fire  (Castillcia  cr)ccinea) ;  many  are  quaint  or  liuniorous,  as  Cling' 
ra.vcij/ (Galium  Aparine)  or  Wait-a-bil  (Sinilax  rotundifolia);  and  in  some  the  corruptions 
are  amusing,  as  Aunt  Jericho^  (X.  I'Jig.  j  from  .Angelica.  The  words //(^w^,  0.\\  Do,i>\  Bull, 
Snake,  Toad  are  often  used  as  a  prefix  to  denote  size,  coarseness,  worthlessness  or  aversion. 
Devil  or  Deiil's  is  used  as  a  prefix  for  upwards  of  40  of  our  plants,  mostly  expressive  of  dis- 
like or  of  some  traditional  resemblance  or  association.  .\  number  of  names  have  been  con- 
tributed by  the  Indians,  such  as  Chin<iuapin,  Wicopy,  I'ipsissewa,  Wankapin,  etc.;  while 
the  term  Indian,  evidently  a  favorite,  is  applied  as  a  descriptive  prefix  to  upwards  of  80  dif- 
ferent plants. 

There  should  be  no  antagonism  in  the  use  of  scientific  and  popular  names,  since  their 
purposes  are  quite  diiTercnt.  Science  demands  certainty  and  universality,  and  hence  a  single 
universal  name  for  each  plant.  For  this  the  Latin  has  been  adopted,  and  the  Latin  name 
should  be  used,  when  only  scientific  objects  are  sought,  liut  the  vernacular  names  are  a  part 
of  the  growth  and  development  of  the  language  of  each  people.  Though  these  names  are 
sometimes  indicative  of  specific  characters  and  hence  scientifically  valuable,  they  are  for  the 
most  part  not  at  all  scientific,  but  utilitarian,  emotional  or  picturesijue.  As  such,  they  are 
invaluable;  not  for  science,  but  for  the  common  intelligence,  an<l  the  appreciation  and  enjoy- 
ment of  the  plant  world.  These  names,  in  truth,  reflect  the  mental  attitude  of  each  people, 
throughout  its  history,  toward  the  plant  kingdom;  and  the  thoughts,  suggestions,  atTections 
or  emotions  which  it  has  aroused  in  them.  If  these  are  rich  and  nmltitudinous,  as  in  the 
Anglo-Saxon  race,  so  will  the  plant-names  be  also. 

Usuallj'  the  mo.st  connnon  or  the  favorite  plants  have  a  variety  of  names;  but  this  is 
noticeably  otherwise  with  the  Asters  and  the  Golden-rods,  of  which  there  are  about  120 
species  within  our  area,  the  common  names  of  which,  considering  their  abundance  and  vari- 
ety, are  comparatively  few.  The  Golden-rods,  without  distinction,  are  also  known  as  Yellow- 
taeed  or  Yellozv-lops  ;  the  .\3ters  are  called  also  /■'rost-weeJ,  Froxl-Jlozvers,  Good-hye  Summer 
and  by  the  Onandaga  Indians,  "  It  brings  the  Frost."  A  few  like  Aslet  ericoides  have  sev- 
eral interesting  names,  but  most  of  the  species  in  each  genus  resemble  each  other  so  much 
that  not  a  ([uarter  of  the  species  have  suggested  to  the  popular  apprehension  any  distinctive 
name;  while  other  less  showy  plants,  like  the  Pansy  (  yiola  tricolor),  the  Marsh  Marigold 
{  Caltlia  paliislris),  the  Spotted  Touch-me-not  (/inpatieus  bijlora),  Bluets  t^Houstonia  coeru- 
lea)  and  others,  have  a  score  of  different  names. 

The  Index  shows  the  extent  to  which  the  same  popular  name  has  been  applied  to  differ- 
ent plants,  which  is  the  only  cause  of  confusion;  and  this  confusion  will  usually  be  removed 
by  the  use  of  the  Index  with  a  reference  to  the  illustrations. 

Niiw  York,  June  20,  1S9S. 

■  In  compilinsf  this  list,  reference  has  been  made  to  numerous  general  and  special  botanical 
works,  to  our  state  and  local  Floras,  to  Hobbs'  llotanical  Handbook  (pharmaceutical),  to  Deal's, 
Scribner's  and  Pamuiel's  works  on  Grasses,  to  Sudworth's  Arborescent  Flora,  to  Britten  and  Hol- 
land's Dictionary  of  F'nglish  Plant  Names  (London,  1886),  and  to  the  valuable  papers  of  Mrs.  F. 
D.  llergen  on  Popular  Plant  Names  in  the  Botanical  Gazette  for  1892,  p.  365;  for  1893,  p.  420;  for  1894, 
p.  429,  and  for  iSi/j,  p.  473.  Prof.  R.  S.  Burgess  has  also  supplied  about  100  popular  names  not 
before  noted  that  are  in  use  at  Martha's  Vineyard  and  in  Washington,  D.  C.;  and  Mrs.  Horner,  of 
Georgetown,  Mass.,  and  Miss  Bartlett,  of  Haverhill,  Mass.,  have  each  contributed  some. 


Abbreviations  of  the  Names  of  Authors. 


A.  neiin.    Bennett,  Artlmr. 

A.  Kr.    Braun,  Akxander. 

Adans.    Adanson,  Miclitl 

Ait.    Aiton,  William. 

■i'f/.  Alton,  William  Townseiid. 

All.    Allioni,  Carlo. 

Aiideys.    AnderssoD,  Nils  Jolian. 

Andr.    Andrews,  Henry  C 

Andrz.    Andriejowski,  Anton  Lukiaiiuwicz. 

Angs.    Angstriim,  Julian. 

Ard.    Arduino,  Luigi. 

Aril      Amott,  Ceorge  Arnold  Walker 

Aubt    Aublet,  Jean  Baptiste  Christophore  Fusee 

Aust.    Austm,  Coe  Finch. 

Bab     Babington,  Charles  Cardale. 

liald.    Baldwin,  William. 

iiaiU.    Baillon,  Henri. 

Hani.    Bartling,  Friedrich  Cottlieb. 

Bart.    Barton,  William  p.  C. 

Bartr.    Bartram,  John. 

Beauy.     I'alisot  de  Beauvois,  A. M. I'  T. 

Benin.    Bentham,  Ceorge 

Josepfli^fucm.    «*"*•'«■"- ^-^^e,  and  Hooker, 
Beret,     Beichtold,  Friedrich  von 
Bernli.     Bemhardi,  Johann  Jacob. 
Bess     Besser,  Wilhelra  S.  J.  G.  von. 
Bteb.       lebeistein,  F.  A.  M.  von. 
Jligel.     Bigelow,  Jacob. 
Bucli.    ■Biatkon,  (lottlieb  Wilhelm 
Biv.    Bivona-Bemardi,  Antonio. 
hoeckl.    Boeckeler,  Otto. 
Jloelim.    Boehmer,  (;eorg  Rudolf. 
Jiotss.    Boissier,  Edmond. 
,>')■    gorckhausen,  Moritz  Balthazar. 
Brack.    BracWnridge,  William  D. 
I'Vy-r.  Brewer,  William  Henry. 
B.S.P.     Britton,  N.   L.;  Stems,  Emerson   .Vlex. 

ander:  Poggenburg,  Justus.      '  ^  °"  A'<^x- 

Biot.     Brotero,  Felix  de  Avellar. 
Biicli.     Buchenau,  Franz. 
hiiclcl.    Buckley,  Samuel  liotsford. 

von         ^"e*"*"^'  Priedrich  August  I.udwig 

Carr.    Carriere,  Elie  Abel 

Casp.  Caspary,  Robert. 

Cass.  Cassini,  Henri. 

Caz:  Cavanilles,  Antonio  Jos4. 
Celak.    Celakowsky,  I,adislav. 

terv.  Cervantes,  \'icente. 
(-!'am     Chamisso,  Adalbert  von. 

tendahl5'"""'  "^^  ^'^'''    ^^^^^^^°  a"d  Schlech- 
Cliapm.    Chapman,  Alvan  Wentwortli. 
C/iots.     Choisy,  Jacques  Denis. 

Clairville,  Joseph  Philippe  de. 
Clayton,  John. 
Cogniaux,  Alfred. 
'Dips. )  Coulter,  Thomas. 
Coulter,  John  Merle 

.fhnil"'  ^i^<^^  ^'"''  J°^^I'>'  Nelson.    , 


Clatrt 

Clayt. 

Cog,,. 

Coiilt. 

Coult. 

C.  c^  R. 


Ti     T     ■«  vuu'icr,  J.  M,  ana 
narl.     Darlington,  William. 
^"ve,,/,.    Davenport,  Ceorge  Edward. 
i    >,.?    S?"!""*'  Augustin  Pyiamus. 
A.  DC.    De  Candolle,  Alphonse. 
nee.    Decaisne,  Joseph. 
lies/.    Desfontaine,  Ren^  touiche. 
IJesr.    Desroussoux. 
Dest>.    Desvaux,  Nicaise  Augustin. 
Victs.    Dickson,  James. 

^///'-  T>m»!"?^  r>r'''uNathanael  Friedrich 
JJill.    Dillen,  John  Jacob. 


^ougl.    Douglas,  David. 

Drej.    Drejer,  Saloman  Thomas  Nicolai 

I'ryand.    Dryander,  Jonas, 

Oii/r.    Dufresne,  Pierre. 

^i'/""po»  ^T"^'*'.  Harthflemy  Charles. 
Iu,l.    Eaton,  Amos. 

^V'  '^^  "Ju-    ^**''°'  Ai'ios,  and  Wright,  John 

^v;-»,.    Ebermaier,  Karl  Heinrich.  ■■ 

Eh'h.    Ehrhart,  Friedrich. 

Ell.    Elliott,  Stephen. 

Endl.    Endlicher,  Stephen  Ladislaus. 
'    ^>i.i;elm.    Engelmann,  C.eorge 

V.  A  •    |,«choltz,  Johann  Friedrich. 

Eab-     Fabticius,  Philipp  Konrad. 

^"^'^/''^^"/  Friedr/ch  Ernst  I.udwig  von. 
,    -^   c    .)/.    Fischer  and  Meyer,  C.  A 
I    Eyuj:     Fougeroux,  Auguste  Denis. 

/■o;-,U-.    Porskal,  Pehr 

Ei^rsl.     Forster,  Johann  Reinhold,  and  George 
I       gang'     ^'*'*°"'«'  J"hann  Baptist  Georg  Woif- 

Eroel.     Froelich,  Joseph  Aloys. 

Oaerl.    Gaertner,  Joseph. 

Gacrli,  f    Gaertner,  Carl  Friedrich. 

Oal.    Galeotti,  Henri. 

Ga  II  d.    Gaudichaud-Beaupre,  C  harles 
I    ^Ci;    Geyer,  Carl  Andreas. 
1    Gill.    Gillies,  John. 

I       Jean.  °"'^*°*  ^*  Lassaraz,  Frederic    Charles 
Olo.v     Gloxin,  Benjamin  Peter. 
Gmel.     Gmelin,  Samuel  Ciottlieb. 

?-',','ryJ-  ''^    °"«"°.  Johann  Friedrich. 
(joodeii.    Goodenough,  Samuel. 

d'a''"  ^^''''    ^"°'*"''  '^'larles,   and   Godron, 
!    <^>ey.    GreviUe,  Robert  Kaye, 

GrLicb.     Grisebach,  Heinrich  Rudolf  August 

Grniun.     Grunovius,  Jan  Frederik.      ^"^""' 

Gi<s.<:     Gussone,  Giovanni. 

Hack.    Hackel,  Eduard. 

Hall.    Haller,  Albeit  von. 

Haiiiilt.    Hamilton,  William. 

Hartm.    Hartman,  Carl  Johann. 

Hassk.     Hasskarl,  Justus  Carl. 

IJausskii.    Haussknecht,  Carl 

irVi-    Hawoth,  Adrian  Hardy. 

//A A.      Humboldt,     I'riedrich    Alexander    von- 

//f,°,T'f'"'w^"V^  ''"'^  •^""t"'  ^^"^'  Siegesmuud.' 

Hexflm     Hegelmaier,  Friedrich. 

Hell.    Hellenius,  Carl  Niclas. 

Heist.    Heister,  Lorenz. 

Herb.    Herbert,  William. 

Hilch.    Hitchcock,  Albert  .Spear. 

//"ffff.'.-    H'^hstetter,  Christian  Friedrich. 

Hltnn.    Hoffman,  Georg  Franz. 

7rf/"^''u  ,^°^^^^^^U,  Johann  Centurius. 
Holl.     Hollick,  Arthur. 

Hook.     Hooker,  William  Jackson. 

Walker.  "°'"'"'  '^^^  ^-  ''"'^  ^""'"'  ^^°'«^  A- 
Hook.  f.    Hooker,  Joseph  Dalton. 
Horiiem     Homemann,  Jens  Wilken. 
Hiids.    Hudson,  William. 
Irm.     Irmisch,  Thilo. 
Jacq.     Jacquin,  NicoLis  Joseph. 
Juss     Jussieu,  Antoine  Laurent. 
A.  Juss.    Jussieu,  Adrien  de. 
Karst.    Karsten,  H. 
^!-  ,^'oU*^'>,  Johann  Friedrich. 
A  uehl.    Kiihiwein. 

L.    Linnaejs,  CaroUis,  or  Cart  von  Linne. 
/..  /.    Lmne,  Carl  von  (the  son ). 


/ 
/ 
/ 
/> 

A 

R 
K 
R 
R 
R 
.SV 


■8 


AHHRKVIATIONS  OF  THE   NAMES  OF  AUTHORS. 


/.'//<-/.    L'Heritier  de  Brutelle,  Cliarks  I.oins 
Laeil.    Laestadius,  I.ius  Levi 
Las;.    Lagasca,  Mariano. 

Monnt?""'"'''  •'"*"   """''"'^  ^'""'"^   ^'"'^ 
/.a«/A.    Lambert,  Aylmer  Bourkc 
Leavniu:    Leavenworth,  Melints  C 
Ledeh.    Ledebour,  (>arl  Friedricli  vt.ii 
'->•'»>'■    Lehmann,  Johanii  C.eorif  Cliiistian. 
Lcl'eyr.    Le  Peyrouse,  I'hilippe. 
Leftech.     Lepechfn,  Iwan. 

Usp.  c-  They    Lespinasge,  G,,  and  Theveneau,  A 
Less.     Lessing,  Christian  Friedricli 
l-euih     Lestiboudois,  Franyois  Jostnh. 
l;ic:liif.    Lightfoot,  John. 
Lilj.    Liljeblad,  Saniutl. 
I.indl.    Lindley,  John. 
Lodd.    Loddiges,  Conrad. 
Loeji.    Loefling,  Pehr 

Lo„d.    Loudon,  John  Claudius. 
J.oiir.    Loureiro,  Juan. 
A/utM.    MacMillan,  Con  .vay. 
Marsh.    Marshall,  Hnmplirey. 
.l/a/-.f.    Marsson,  Theodor. 
A  III  ft.    Martens,  Martin. 

'""I'enrf  ^"''     "*"**"*•  "«■■''"•  ^"d  Galeotti, 

'J/"f' "«   Maximowicz,  Carl  Johaiin. 
A/ed.    Modicus,  Friedrich  Cassimir. 

,,'''"•..*'*'*''*'■•  ^■»'''  Friedrith. 
.Wrr.    Merat,  Francois  Victor. 
Jh;l  ^  Koch   M.  c-'  A'.     Mertens,  Franz  Karl 
and  Koch,  Wilhelm  Daniel  Joseph.  ' 

/r   '■     Mettenius,  Gi-orRe  Heinrich. 
J  "!■.    Meyer   Km  St  Heinrich  Friedrich 
'Y'O'x.    Michaux,  Andr^. 

1/";,  ' 'si-,,  "'="»'"'.  Francois  Andre. 
Afill.    Miller,  Philip. 

'Vr'-!f-   ,2'i"fP?."8'''  (-''larles  Frederic. 
Afi/ch.    Mitchell,  John 

'Vr'"'-    ^"tasne.  .lean  Francois  CainiUe 
y /»»vf.    Moricand,  Moise  Etienne. 
Afoi/.    Moquin-Tandon,  Alfred 
'\';"'";'i>X.     Muller,Jean.  of  Aargau. 

'  /'/'/"■*«  '?."T'"'^"««n'  Otto  von 
jVuhl.    Muhlenberg,  Heinrich  L.uiu  ig. 
I   ,'•    M""ay,  Johann  Andreas, 
^f^/,     N«<^''",  Noel  Joseph  de. 

A-"/,-    ™*i"?,''\^"''^''*''''n  Gottfried. 
A  nil.    Nuttall,  Thomas. 

^'■{•,    Ortega,  Casiniiro  Gomez. 

fall.    Pallas,  Peter  Simon. 

P<iil.    Parlatore,  I'ilippo. 

P.  Jlr.    Browne.  P.itrick 

Pers.    Pereoon,  Christian  Hendrik. 

Hanch     Planchon,  Jules  Einile. 

i?'n     it'-''^'  J''""  '-o'""  Marie. 
Pi>//.     Pollich,  Johann  Adam. 
P;"ir>:    Pourret,  Pierre  Andre. 
A.  />>:    Brown,  Rol)ert 

&  ^^w^'T^b"'?'/',*/'  ^^""^'^"tino  .Samuel 

KeM^enh.    Reichenbach,  Heinrich  C.ottlieb  I.ud- 

Pfl~.     Retzius,  Anders  Johan. 
huhards.    Richardson,  John 
Kocm.    Roemer,  Johann  Jacob. 

Augu^.  ^'*"""'  J'  J  ■   ^"''   Schultes,  Joseph 
i'.'H'/'l-   %illi;    .Roemer,  J.  J.,  and  Usteri,  Paulus 
fin/ii;    p^ffi?";!"?;,'  ':'"'"'-■''  Wilhelm  C.ottlieb' 
■?.      A-     5<'"'>oelI,  Christen  Fries. 
P       r,  Roxburgh,  William. 

P'^'-  RSh't7F?a"t'"'°'='""  P--.J"-'f. 
•S/.  ////.    St.  Hilaiie,  August  de. 


Vll 


■Salish.    Salisbury,  Richard  Anthony 
^aif;.    Sargent,  Charles  Spraifue. 
•S(2>7.-,.     Sartwell,  Henry  P 
Sai:     Savi,  Gaetano. 
Sihk.    Schkuhr,  Christian. 

hard''von^''''*'^'''*°'''''  °'^''"'^''  ^^nz  Leon- 
Schleich.    Schleicher,  J,  C 
Schleid.    Schleiden,  Matthias  Jacob, 
i  ,"'";'•     Scjirader,  Heinrich  Adolph. 

t^hnu     ti'1^''  J"''^"."  ^■•"i'^tian  Daniel  von. 
■y'"'/;.    Schultes,  Joseph  AuKiist. 
v'-A^^y-Q.!"'""!^''*^".'"".  Karl  Heinrich. 
i( //««/.     Schumacher,  Christian  I'riedrich. 
.ifAr,r/«.     Schweinitz,  Lewis  David  von. 
.Vi'A     Scopoli,  Johann  Anton. 
^;n/,,i.    Scribner,  Frank  Lanison. 
■Scnbii.  e-  Pid.    Scribner,  F.  I..,  and  Rydberg, 

Ser.    Seringe,  Nicolas  Charles 
:>eitb.    Seubert,  Moritz. 


Shr/d.     Sheldon,  Edmund  P. 

Shiiltlu-.    Shuttleworth,  Robert 

.Sihlh.    Sibthorp,  John. 

Sieb.  c-  yiinc.     Siebold,  Philipp  F'ranz  von,  and 

Zuccanni,  Joseph  Gerhard. 
So/and.     Solander,  Daniel. 
S/»r„i;.    Sprengel,  Kurt. 
Sliiid.    Steudel,  Ernest  Gottlieb. 
^lev.     Steven,  Christian. 
.Swrf.T.     Sudworth,  George  B 
.S;<.    Swartz,  Olof. 
■)    ll'als.    Watson,  Sereno. 
///«(//.    Thuillier,  Jean  Louis. 
P'l"ii/>.    Thunberg,  Carl  Peter. 
Phiirb.    Thurber,  George. 
/(";-.    Torrey,  John. 

v-'"''  "^ii  •)','' '',  •    I°"*y'  J-  ■  and  Schweinitz,  r,.  D. 
'  •  '^T    ^""^'-    To"ey.  J"^'!",  and  Hooker,  Wil- 
liam Jackson. 

-r"",';"-  .^To"™efort,  Joseph  Pitton  ile. 

Pra/i.     Trattinnick,  Leopold. 

/rcl.    Trelease,  William. 

Praul.    Trautvetter,  Ernest  Rudolph. 

Tnit.    Tnmus,  Karl  Bernhard. 

/nil.  e-'  Piipr.    Tricius,   Karl,   and  Ruprecht, 

riictrrin.     Tuckerman,  F:dward 

/"/re-.    Turczaninow,  Nicolaus. 

/■'   ,'7'''-,r  .Un'lerwood,  Lucien  Marcus. 

{;«///.     Vaillant,  Sebastien. 

l-e//     Velloso,  Jose.  Marianno  de  Conceicao 

'/;'/•     Ventenat,  Klienne  Pierre. 

I  III.    Villars,  Dominifiue. 

II  ahl.    Wahlenberg,  Georg 
II, ,h//,.     Wahlenberg,  Pehr  Friedricli. 

KitMba1,-pa^f "'''"■'    '■""=    ■^''■""   ^■°"'   ^"'^ 

fr";!'  ■  •.y?"''"*'''  '^'•'"•'  Friedrich  Wilhelm. 
'  "'A   ,^«,'Pers,  Wilhelm  Gerhard. 
//  a//.    Walter,  Thomas. 
vo!f'    ^^"Senheim,   Friedrich    Adam    Julius 

"t"';''  '\S'i"^'-    Watson,  Sereno,   and  Coulter, 
lohn  Merle. 

Il'fh.    Weber,  Friedrich. 

Il'edd.     Weddell,  H.  A. 

II 'f  inn.     Weinmann. 

ulTn/''  wY.!"?""*"'  ^<^°'Se  Wilhelm  Franz. 
II  <-/nt.     Wettstein,  K.  von. 

,'^T;    ^/?,I"''  J-'riedrich  Heinrich. 

II  ifld.    Willdenow,  Carl  Ludwig 

II I  mm.    Wimmer,  Friedrich. 
Ilisli::.    Wislizenus,  A 
H'llli.    Withering,  William. 
//  oI/l:.    Wolfgang. 
Il'ovdi:    Woodville,  William 
{(/"■"'Lf    Wormskiold,  M.  von. 
II  r.    Wright,  John. 
ICulf.    Wulfen,  Franz  Xavier. 


Gkneral  Key  to  thk  Orders  and  Families. 


Siihkingdoni  PTlvRIDOPHYTA.  i:  1-48. 

Sporks  i>i:vi.i.(ii'IN(;  inkj  ii.\r  oit  ikui;c,i  i.ar  i'hothai.i.ia,  which  hkak  thk  RiUMoimcrivn 

(Ilil.ANS  '  AMIII.KIIllA  AMI  ARCHKc  ,()NI  A  > ;    ri.<l\VI.RS  AN1>  SI.KDS  NONIC. 

1 .  Spores  produced  in  sporanges,  which  are  borne  on  the  back  of  a  leaf,  in  spikes  or  panicles,  or  in  special 

conceptacles.  Older    i.  I'ii.icai.ds. 

■'■;-   Spores  all  of  one  sort  and  size  '  isosporous  families  '. 
t  VtMiiiiticiu  erect  or  iiicliiinl;  i-linranuis  in  spikts,  or  piitiieks,  o|iLMiiiit{  by  a  ttiitisverse  slit. 

I'.ini.  1.   Op!iiiii;liHSiiir.ii\     l:  i. 
t  t  Vt-niatinii  coiled;  sixmuiKcs  reticulated,  ii-ii;ill>  provided  with  a  riiiK  (anmdus). 
Sponiiifces  opening  vertically. 

SporaiiKcs  paiiicled,  witii  ,1  nidi iiieiilarvriiii;;  iiiarsl,  ferns.  Fain.  2.   Os»inii(/,i(YO,:     i:  (. 

vSporaii^es  sessile  on  a  tilifonn  receptacle;  leaves  filmy,  translucent. 

l''ani.  V  /fiiii(iiii/>/n  //iii'rtir,     i:  6. 
hporannes  ovoid,  in  panicles,  or  spikes,  provided  with  an  apical  riiiir. 

h'ain.  4    Srln'-tiriXiiir.     1:7. 

hporanges  openiny  transversely,  pr<ivided  with  a  vertical  ring;  borne  in  sori  on  the  back  or  niarifin 

"'a  leaf.  T?i\m.  ?..  r<'l_vr«'ili,ii,;ir.     1:8. 

■^   -X-   Spores  of  two  sizes    microspores  and  macrospores  1. 

riants  rootitiK  in  the  tnud:  leaves  )  foliol.Ue,  or  filiform.  l-ani.  (..   .Vtirsi/r.ionr.     I:  t,i,. 

Plants  lloatiiiK;  leaves  entire,  or  j  lobed.  Ivini.  -.  .Sii/riiiiiinai:     I;  Vt- 

2.  Spores  produced  in  sporanges,  which  are  clustered  underneath  the  scales  of  a  terminal  cone-like  spike; 

stems  jointed,  rush-like.  Order  2.   Iiuri.si:TAi,i;s. 

One  family.  I'am.  <S.   /Ci/i<i.\</iiOiif.     I:.i3. 

3.  Spores  produced  in  spt  anges,  which  are  borne  in  the  axils  of  scale-like  or  tubular  leaves. 
,,     .  ,    .  Order  ^.   I.vuordDiAi.ics. 

Spores  all  of  one  sort  and  size.  l.\„n.  9.   Lva'/^oiliiUfit,:     i:  m. 

Spores  ot  two  sizes  (microspores  and  m.'icrnspores  t. 

Leaves  scale-like.  4-maiiy  ranked,  on  brancliiii);  stems,  Kam,  10.  Srlcnihirllarrac.     i;  44. 

Leaves  tubular,  clustered  on  a  conn  like  trunk;  aquatic  or  mud  plants. 

Fam.  II.   /soiiairac:     l:4,s 

SiihkiiiRdom  SPKRMAT(JPHVTA.  i:  49.' 

JIlCUdSI'ORK.S    ll'ilLLi:.N--C.I<AINH)    ni:\i:i.(ll'lN( ,    INTO    A    TrllVI.AR    PKOTIIALI.tl'M    f  POLLRN-TrHB); 

MACKllSl'OKlCS  (ICMllRVO  SAL)   1  i|-.Vl;i.l)PI\(i  A  MINTTi:  PK. )  til  ALLIl'M,  AM),  TOIllVrHliR  WITH  IT, 

RliMAI.MNC,  1;nc!.(iSI:Ii  IN   TIIH    MACKoSIM  iKANdT.  (oVl'Li;j  WHICH  RlPIiN.S  INT')  A  .Slilil). 

Class  I.   C.VMXO.SPIvRMAIi.       Ovules  not  enclosed  in  an  ovary.  1:40-61. 

Fruit  a  cone,  with  several  or  numerous  scales,  sometimes  berry  like  by  their  cohesion. 
.     .      .  I'am.  I.   Piiiiicrar.     1:49. 

iTuit  (in  our  (jenus)  a  fleshy  integument  neatly  enclosing  the  seed.  Fam.  2.    Taxau-ae.     i:')i. 

Class  2.  A\t;iOSrKRM.-\l>;.       Ovules  enclosed  in  an  ovary.  1:61. 

Subclass  I.     MoNocoTYi.EDOXES.  I:  62-481. 

EmHRVO  with  I    CilTVI.KHON;   STKM  WITH   Nl)    DI.STINCTION    INTO   PITH,  WOOD  AND  HARK;    LEAVICS 

MO.STLV  P.\RALI.ICI,Vi:iNKl). 

1 .  Carpels  r,  or  more,  distinct  ( united,  at  least  partially,  in  Family  4,  Scheuchzeriaceae,  where  they  are 

mostly  united  until  maturity,  and  Family  6,  Vallisneriaceae,  aquatic  herbs,  with  monoecious 

or  dioecijus  flowers;;  parts  of  the  flowers  mostly  unequal  in  number. 

•;■    Inflorescence  various,  not  a  true  spadix. 

t  Flowers  not  in  the  axils  of  dry  chaffy  scales  (glumes);  our  species  aquatic  or  marsh  plants. 

t  Undosperm  mealy  or  fleshy;  perianth  of  bristles  or  clialTy  scales;  flowers  monoecious,  spicate  or 

capitate.  Order    i.  Pa.nda.nales. 

Flowers  spicate,  terminal.  Fam.  i.   ri'/)/;ar,y7,'.     1:62. 

Flowers  capitate,  the  heads  axillary  to  leaf-like  bracts.  Fam.  2.  Spaixantacidc.     i:  63. 

J  I  Endosperm  none,  or  \ery  little;  perianth  corolla-like,  or  herbaceous,  or  none. 

Order  2.  Nai.\I)ALEs  {Fhiviah's). 
Perianth,  if  present,  inferior;  carpels  mostly  distinct. 
Perianth-segments,  when  present,  heibaccous. 

Carpels  distinct;  aquatic  herbs.  Fatn.  3.  Naiadacrae.     1:65. 

Carpels  united  until  maturity;  bog  plants;  flowers  racemed  or  spiked. 

.  F'am.  4.  Silii-Ui-li::iiiaifai\     1:82. 

Perianth  of  2series  of  segments,  the  outer  (sepals)  green,  the  inner  (pet.ils)  mo.stly  white. 

Fam.  5.  Alisinacrai:    1:84. 
Penanth  supenor;  carpels  united.  Fam.  6.    i'allisiiciiaceji:     1:92. 


Vol..  III.] 


gi;nek.\i<  key  to  thi':  okdI'RS  and  1'AMii,ii:s. 


IX 


t  +  I'liiwds  ill  the  axils  nf  dry  clialTy  scales  (kIhuu's),  ;iiraiii;ril  in  ■-)pik<H  or  spiki-lcts. 

OkUt.V    CiKA.MlNAI.I'.S  [li'llllllijiollie). 

I'liiil  a  carycjpsis  (Rraiii);  stfiiis  i  minis)  iiKistly  licjlldw  in  (jui  spicifs.   I'aiii   7.   (,'inij/innii .     i:  94. 
I'ruil  an  aclicni;  slciiis  I  iiilins)  solid.  I'ani.  S    cy/>i>aiiiii\     l:  2ji. 

(Onlir  4,  I'KiNCiri.s,  inclmlinn;  only  tlic  f.miily  /'ii/iimci-.ir.  I'.iliiis  ami  Onlcr  5,  Svnamiias, 
includiiiK  only  ilie  family  CvifiUilJuui  iii\  aiv  ncjt  riiiirsLiilcd  in  our  Irrnlory  ; 

■X*   ^    Inflorcacence  a  fleshy  spadix,  with  or  without  a  spathe  ;  or  plants  minute,  tloatintf  free,  the  Howera 
few  or  solitary  on  the  nia-f{in  or  back  of  the  thalluH. 

Order  (1    Akai.i;s  (Sfin.'/iiy/orar). 
I.aryt'  liirbs,  with  normal  foliage  and  uell  divxlopi-d  spadix.  I'.im.  c).   Aiiiadi-.     I;  /x). 

Minute  lloaliiiK  llmlloiil  j>lants.  I'ani.  10.   I.i-mii.ici\ii-.     i   ,!'),';. 

2.  Carpels  united  into  a  compound  ovary  ;  parts  of  the  usually  complete  (lowers  mostly  in  3'8  or  6'8. 

■X-   Seeds  with  endosperm. 
t  I'lowcrs  regular,  or  nearly  so  (coiolla  irremil.ir  in  I'nyiiimlhia). 

X  ICndosperm  mealy;  ovary  superior.     Order  7.  XvKniAi.i;s  ( /'c/; ///h.k/^). 
a.  Ovary  i-ctlltd. 
A'lU.ilic  moss-like  U.ify  herbs;  flowers  solilaiy.  I'ain.  ii.  Jf<iyii,,i,,'ir.     l:  t,(^T. 

Krect  rush-like  herbs;  llowersiu  terminal  scaly  headsorspikes.  I'ani.  12.   .\'\>  idatdir.     l:,ViH. 

Jtud  or  aquatic  herbs,  the  flowers  subtended  by  s)iallies  { tlili  I'ln/lii  1,1  in  I'ontcderiaeeae  1:  ,171)). 

b.  Ovary  2  .veclled  (except  in  some  I'oiUederi.iceac). 
I'lowcrs  very  small,  Ictisely  cai)ilate,  monoecious  or  dioecious.         I'.im.  1  \.  En'iHaidatitir. 
I'Unvers  perfect. 

ICi)iphytes;  leaves  scuify.  I'aiii,  14.   Jlroiiiiliacr.ir. 

Terrestrial  or  .■i'|ii;itic  herbs;  leaves  not  scurfy. 

rerianth  cf  2  series  (jf  parts,  the  outer  (sejials)  green,  the  inner  (petals)  ccdored. 

I''.ini    15    C<i>niiir/iniiti(i(\ 
Perianth  6parled.  I'am.  \(>    /'iiii/i,/i>iaii-ai . 

t  I  Kndosperm  fleshy  or  horny;  ovary  superior  or  inferior.     Onler -S.   I.ii.iai,i:s. 

a.  Ovary  superior  (t  xcept  in  .IA7;/t,  in  the  I.iliaceae,  and  some  species  of  /VfiUiliiius  in  the 

Melantliaeeae). 
Peri;iiith  segments  distinct,  green  or  brown,  not  petal  like;  herbs  with  grass  like  Uaves  ami  sni.ill 
llowers.  Kam,  17.  //n/ci/ov^ .     i;.iSi. 

Perianth  segments  distinct,  or  p  irtly  united,  at  least  the  inner  pet.d  like. 

I'riiit  a  capsule  (except  in   i'liccii  /iiiKdfii,  where  it  is  large,  fleshy  and  indehisceiit ). 

Cai>-iUle  mostly  septicidal;  jilants  rarely  bulbous.  F.im.  is.   ,!/<  /iiii//nii(ji\     I:  ,i99. 

Cai)sule  locuticidal  (seplicidal  in  tu/uc/ior/ii.s);  plants  mostly  bnlbous. 

I'.ini.  19.   I,iliaci\i,\     I:  410. 
I'ruit  a  fleshy  berry. 

ICrect  herbs;  tendrils  none;  flowers  perfect.  p'am.  20,  I'njiyii/.'ni  I'.ucai-.     1:427. 

Vines,  clinibiiig  by  tendrils,  or  r.irely  erect;  flowers  dioecicnis,  in  axillarv  umbels. 

i'ani.  21.  .Sill i/ii< (III .     I;  O**. 
b    Ovary  inferior,  wholly  or  in  part. 

Slamens  3.  opposite  the  inner  corolla-segments.  Ivim.  22    //.;< ///.k/i'm/ca^c.     1:442. 

Stamens  6  in  our  species. 

Ivrect  perennial  herbs;  flowers  p.rfect.  I'am.  ^5.   Aiiiiir\ili<laiciic.     l:4|,t. 

Twining  vines;  flowers  dioeciotis.  I'am.  2(.   Didscon-airar.     i:  44(1. 

Stamens  3,  opposite  the  outer  corolla-segments.  I'aiii.  2s.  liitluciaf.     i:.i(7. 

t  t  I'lowers  very  irregular;  ovary  inferior.     Order    o.   Slii'.vminai.ics. 
One  family  represented  in  our  territory.  I'ain.  26.  Maitnilanai:     1:454. 

-;■;-   -X-   Seeds  without  endosperm,  very  numerous  and  minute  ;  ovary  inferior. 

Order  10.  (Jkciiidai.IvS  (  Micios/xriiini). 
I'lowers  regular;  stem-leaves  reduced  to  scales.  Fain.  27.  I!iiiiiiiiiiiti(ici\u\     i;   }5,s. 

I'lowers  very  irregular.  Fain.  2.S,   Oitliulincai-.     i;4,S'). 


l:,37l. 
JM7«. 


Subclass  2.     DicoTYLKDoNEs. 


i:  482, 


Hmdrvcj  .nokmai.lv  wrrii  2  cotvi.kdons;  stkms  i)ir.-Ki;Hi.;xTiArn:i)  i.sro  prni,  wood  a.vd  is.xkk; 

LEAVES  MOSTLV  XET-VKI-Nl;!). 


I:  62. 
;63. 

lies). 


1:65. 

i:K2. 

i:  84. 
i:  92. 


Series  I.     Cni)uiPicrAi,Aic.     1:482102:547. 

Pi/a/s  ilisliiiil  lo  III,-  !his<\  or  wanlhif;  (exceptions  noted  Vol.  i:  482). 
A.  Petals  none,  except  in  Portulacaceae  and  in  most  Caryoi)liyllaccae,  which  are  herbs  with  leaves 
nearly  always  opposite,  the  seeds  with  endosperm,  and  in  the  pistillate  flowers  of  the  walnuts 

(Jui;liins). 

I.  Calyx  none  (except  in  the  Juglandaceac,  which  are  trees  with  odd  pinnate  leaves). 
Marsh  herbs  with  perfect  flowers  in  nodding  spikes.  Order    i.  Pipkrai.IvS. 

One  family  only.  Fam.  i.  Siiuiiirmcac.     1:482. 

Trees  or  shrubs;  staminate  flowers,  and  sometimes  also  the  pistillate,  in  aments. 

Leaves  odd-pinnate;  fruit  a  nut  enclosed  in  a  liu-k.  Order    2    Jtclandalks. 

One  family  only.  Viww.  2.  Jiif;laiidaiia,\     1:483. 

Leaves  simple. 

I'ruit  i-seeded.  Order   3.  MvuiCALlxs. 

Ovule  erect,  orthotropous.  Fam.  3.  Afyiicaccai-.     1:487. 

Ovule  laterally  attached,  ascending,  ampliitropotis.  V&m.  ^.  Lcihxriacrai:     1:4^9. 

Fruit  many-seeded;  seeds  with  a  tuft  of  hairs  at  one  end.  Order   4.  Samcai.ks. 

One  family  only.  F'ain.  5.  Sdlicaieac.     1:490. 


X  CENERAL   KEV   TO  THE  ORDERS  AND   FAMILIES. 

2.  Calyx  present. 
.;4.   Flowers,  at  least  the  staminate  ones,  in  aments.     Order    s.  FAtl.VLE.'i. 
Hotli  staminate  and  jjistillate  flowers  in  iiments.  Fam.  6.  Hiliilaciac.    1:506. 

Pistillate  flowers  subtended  by  an  involucre,  which  becomes  a  bur  or  a  cup  in  fruit. 

Fam.  7.  J'affaccar.     1:513. 
-^  4f  Flowers  not  in  aments  lin  ament-Iike  spikes  in  A/<trui),  but  variously  clustered,  rarely  solitary, 
a.  I'lowers  monoecious,  dioecious  or  ])oIyKamou»  (sometimes  perfect  in  Uliiiiis)\ 

ovary  superior,  I -celled.  Order    6.  rRric.\LE.s. 

Iruit  not  an  achene:  trees,  shrubs  or  herbs;  ovule  pendulous. 

Trees  with  alternate  leaves,  the  sap  not  milky.  I'am.  .S.   Ulmaciar.     i:  523. 

Trees  with  alternate  leaves  and  milky  sap;  or  opposite-leaved  herbs  or  herbaceous  vines. 

Kam.  9.  Mnraciar.     i;  527. 
Fruit  an  achene;  herbs  with  small  clustered  greenish  flowers;  ovule  erect  or  ascending. 

Fam.  10.   Urlicaceac.     1:  530. 
(Order  7,  I'KOTr.M.ES,  extensively  devehiped  in  the  southern  hemisphere,  is  not  represented  in 
our  area.) 

b.  Flowers  dioecious,  or  perfect;  ovary  inferior,  at  least  in  part. 
Ovary  i-celled.  Order   8.  S.\ntal.\LES. 

Tree-parasites,  with  opposite  leaves  or  scales;  fruit  a  berry.         Fam.  11.  Lornntliaccaf.     1:534. 
Root-parasites,  or  shrubs;  leaves  alternate  in  our  (jeneia;  fruit  a  drupe,  or  nut. 

l"ani.  12.  SiDitalaciar.     1:536. 
Ovary  several- (usually  6-)  celled;  flowers  perfect.  Order   9.  Aristoldchiales. 

One  family  in  our  area.     Fam.  13.  Aristoliicluaccae.     1:537. 
C.  Flowers  mostly  perfect  in  our  (fenera  (dioecious  in  some  .species  of  Rnmcx  iti  Polygonaceae, 
monoecious  or  dioecious  in  some  Chenopodiaceae  and  Amaranthaceae);  ovary  superior. 
t  Embryo  str-iight,  or  nearly  so;  fruit  an  achene.     Order  10.  Phlyconale-S. 

One  family.  I'am.  14.  Poh'ffiiiiaccui.     1:541. 

t  t  Embryo  coiled,  curved,  or  annular;  fruit  not  an  achene. 

Order  11.  Che.noPudi.vles  (  Ccnirosperntac). 
Fruit  a  utricle  (see  also  last  genera  of  Caryophyllaceae  ). 

Flowers  bractless,  or,  if  bracted,  the  bracts  not  scarious;  sepals  green,  or  greenish. 

Fam.  15.  Chcnopodiactae.     l:  569. 
Flowers  bracted,  the  bracts,  and  also  the  sepals  mostly  scarious. 

Fam.  16.  Amaranthacear.     I:  5?6. 
Fruit  fleshy,  enclosing  several  carpels;  a  berry.  I'am.  17.  Phylolaccaccac.     1:593. 

Fruit  an  anthocarp,  the  persistent  base  of  the  corolla-like  c.ilyx  enclosing  a  utricle. 

Fam.  IS,  yyclai^inaceae.     \\  594. 
Fruit  a  capsule,  dehiscent  by  valves, 
of  tlie  Caryophyllaceae). 
Capsule  j-severaicelled;  petals  none. 
Capsule  I -celled;  petals  mostly  present. 

.Sepals  2.  I''ani.  20.  PorlHlacaceac.  2:     i. 

Sepals  5  or  4.  distinct  or  united.  I'am.  21.  Ca>yoph\'llaCiai .  2:    6. 


or  teeth  (utricular  in  Aiiycliia,  Panmyc/iia  and  Sc/iraiit/ius 

I'am.  19.  Aizoaceac.    1:597. 


B. 


Petals  present  (wanting  in  Ceratophyllaceae — aciu.itic  herbs  with  whorled  dissected  leaves;  in. 
many  Ranunculaceae;  in  Ot/vinnir/^uiii — a  dioecious  vine  of  the  Menisperniaceae;  in  Laura- 
ceae — altenialeleaved  aromatic  trees  and  shrubs;  in  I'odostemaceae — aquatic  herbs,  the  sim- 
ple flowers  involucrate:  in  Lh/iiniaiiihar — ,1  tree,  with  palmately-lobed  leaves  and  capitate 
flowers  of  the  Hamanu-lidaceae;  in  Stnn;iiisi>rt)fi — herbs  with  pinnate  leaves  of  the  Rosaceae; 
in  .\'(i(;///iiri/»;«— trees  with  pinnate  leaves  of  the  Rutaceae;  in  Euphorbiaceae;  in  Callitrieh- 
aceae,  Kmpetraceae  and  lluxaceae;  in  sunie  of  the  .Aceraceae  and  Rhamnaceac;  in  Thymele- 
aceae,  Elaeagnaceae,  and  in  some  species  of  Ludu  ii;ia  in  Onagraceae  and  of  \yssa  in  Cor- 
n.'iceael. 


I. 


Ovary  siipi  rio)\/i , ,   from  Ihr  cnly.v  (partly  or  wholly  inferior  in  some  Saxifragaceae, 
in  (irossulariaceae,  Haniamelidaceae,  I'oniaceae  and  Loasaceae). 


I.  Carpels  sohtary,  or  several  or  distinct  (united  in  some  Nymphaeaceae);  stamens  mostly  hypogynous 

and  more  numerous  than  the  sepals ;  sepals  mostly  distinct.    Order  12.  R.\nales. 

-X-   Aquatic  herbs  ;  floating  leaves  peltate,  or  with  a  basal  sinus. 

Carpels  3,  or  more;  petals  large;  floating  leaves  not  dissected.  Fam.  22    yynif>litifacitii:     2:41. 

Pistil  I ;  petals  none;  leaves  whorled.  all  submersed  and  dissected.  Fam.  23.   Ceralof>liyl!iZCcat\     2:46. 

■K-    *)t   Land  or  marsh  plants  (some  Ranunculaceae  aquaticK 
Stamens  numerous;  sepals  distinct;  petals  present  (except  in  some  Ranunculaceae  and  in  CalyiO- 
cnrpiim  of  the  Slenispermaceae). 
Receptacle  not  hollow;  leaves  alternate  (except  in  C/eiiin/ii). 

Flowers  perfect  (except  in  some  species  of  C/i  malis  and  Tlialiclnini). 

I'ruit  aggregate,  cone-like;  trees;  sepals  and  petals  in  3  series,  or  more,  of  3. 

I'am.  24.  Mai;i!oliaii'at\ 
I'ruit  not  aggregate,  the  carpels  separate,  at  lest  w.'  ci   mature. 
Anthers  not  opening  by  valves;  pistils  usually  mc  re  than  i. 

Sepals  3;  petals  (1;  shrubs  or  trees.  I'am.  25.  Anonaccac. 

Se])als  3-15;  petals  (when  i)resent )  about-as  many;  our  species  herbs  or  vines 
( .\V7«V//(>/;///c(;  shrubby  1.  ■        I'am.  26.  Rainiiiciilactai. 

Anthers  opening  by  valves  (except  in  P,Hlitpl.yllii)n  1;  pistil  i 

I'am.  27.  Berbiridaceai\ 
Dioecious  climbing  vines  with  simple  leaves;  fniit  dnipaceous. 

Fam.  2S.  Hfiiiisptrmoccai-. 
Receptacle  hollow,  enclosing  the  numerous  pistils  and  iiohenes;  opposite-leaved  shrubs. 

Fflin   29.  Calyiiiiilhaciae. 
Stamens  9  or  12,  in  3  or  4  series  of  3-  anthers  opening  by  valves;  aromatic  trees  or  shrubs  with  no 
petals,  more  or  less  united  sejials,  and  1  pistil.  I'am.  30.  Laiiraceac.     2:  95. 


2:47. 

2:49. 
vines 
2:50. 

2:  S9. 

2:93- 
2:94. 


■ 


2:41. 
2:  46. 


M/jiO- 


2:47. 


2:49- 
r  vines 

2;  50. 

2- 

89. 

2 

93. 

2 

vitl 

2 

9*. 
no 

95. 

GENERAL   KEY  TO  THE   ORDERS   AND   FAMILIES. 


XI 


2:  169. 

2:  187. 
2:  192 


2:  l.)4. 


194. 


2.  Carpels  2  or  more,  united  into  a  compaund  ovary;  stamens  hypagynous;  sepals  mostly  distinct. 

^   Plants  not  insectivorous. 

Order  13.  P.M'.werales  {Rlioeadali\). 
Sei)iils  2  (very  rarely  3  or  4! ;  endosperm  fleshy.  Fam.  31.  I'apaveractac.    2:  98, 

St])  lis  or  calyx-s-cKnietits  4-.S;  endosperm  none. 

Capsule  2cened  by  a  I'lngitudinal  parlilion,  usually  avalved,  rarely  inileliiscent;  sepals  and 
petids  4.  Fam.  32.  Crucifciai\    2:  10.8. 

Capsule  i-celled.  of  2-0  earpels. 

Sepals  and  petals  4,  regular,  or  petals  irregular;  capsule  of  2  carpels,  2valved. 

I'am.  33.   Ctippiiriiiaii-ae.    2:  154. 
Sepals  and  petals  4-8,  irregular;  capsule  of  3-6  carpels,  3-6-valved  at  the  top;  disk  large. 

Fam.  34.  Kisidiici-ae.    2:  158. 
4>r  V-  Insectivorous  plants,  secreting  a  viscid  liquid,  with  basal  leaves  and  scapose  flowers. 

Order  14    Sarkaci;niali;s. 

Ovary  3-5-celled;  leaves  hollow.  Fam.  35.  Sanaiematiac.    2:  i.sy. 

Ovary  i-celled;  leaves  circinate  in  unfolding,  the  blade  flat.  I'am.  36.  DrDU'iiuear.     2:160. 

3.  Carpels  solitary,  or  several  and  distinct,  or  sometimes  united;  stamens  mostly  perigynous  or  epigynous; 

sepals  mainly  united  or  confluent  with  the  concave  receptacle.  Order  15.  Rosales. 

^y-   Small  aquatic  fleshy  herbs,  with  a  spathe-Iike  involucre,  and  a  2-3-celled  capsule;  perianth  none. 

Fam.  37.   I'oitoslfiiiaceac.     2:  163. 
J.;.   .;.;.   Land  or  rarely  swamp  plants  without  an  involucre. 
t  Eiiiiosperm  prestnl,  iisual/y  copious  and Jtcsliy. 
Carpels  as  many  as  the  calyx-segments;  stamens  as  luany  or  twice  as  many;  more  or  less  fleshy 
herbs.  Fam.  38    Crassiilaciar.    2:  163. 

Car])els  fewer  than  the  calyx-segments,  mostly  2  (ovaty  i  celled  in  I'aiHussia). 

Herbs,  or  opposite-leaved  shrubs.  I'"am.  39.  Saxi/'ragacear. 

Alternate-leaved  shrubs  or  trees;  styles  2. 

Fruit  a  i -celled  berry.  I'ain   40.  Grossiil nianai'. 

Fruit  a  2  celled  woody  or  hard  capsule.  Fam.  41.  Hainan.iliilaccai'. 

^'\ Endosperm  none,  or  z'ery  Ullli'  (co|)ious  in  Opulaslcr,  shrub  of  the  Rosaceae). 

J  Trees  with  broad  leaves  and  small  monoecious  capitate  flowers. 

Fam.  42.  Phitaiuiciar. 
X  X  I'lowers  perfect  (dioecious  in  Arii>Hits:\\\y\  in  species  of  Frn^aria  of  the  Rosaceae  ;  in  Gledilsta 
and  Gyninocladiis  oi  \.\\c  Caesalpiniaceae,  and  rarely  in  some  Papilionaceae). 
a.   Flowers  regular. 
Pistils  usually  several  or  numerous  (one  only  in  Cricoiarpiis  and  sometimes  in  species  of  Alchc- 
nulla  and  Sanguisorha ). 
Carpels  distinct,  sometimes  adnale  to  the  c;ilyx,  ripening  into  follicles  or  aclienes. 

Fam.  43.  Kosacrat'. 
Carpels  united,  enclosed  by  the  ciilyxtnbe  and  adnate  to  it,  the  fruit  a  pome. 

l'"am.  44.  Poma<ear. 
Pistil  only  i. 

Ovary  2-ovuled;  fruit  a  drupe;  leaves  simple.  Fam.  45.   Drnpaciar. 

Ovary  several-ovuled;  fruit  a  legume;  leaves  2-3-pinn.ate.  l''am.  46.  Miniosaccar. 

b.  Flowers  irregular  (nearly  or  quite  regular  in  Chdilsia  and  Gyninmladns, 
trees  of  the  Caesalpiniaceae). 
Fruit  a  legume;  upper  petal  enclosed  by  the  lateral  ones  in  the  bud;  leaves  compound,  mostly  stip- 
ulate. I'am.  47.  Oil  salptni'ari  III .    2:  256. 
Fruit  spiny,  indehiscent;  leaves  simple,  exstipulate.  I'am.  48.  fCramrriaiinr.     2:  261. 
Fruit  a  legume  or  loment;   upper  petal  enclosing  the  lateral  ones  in  the  bud;  leaves  compound 
(soi.ietimes  i-foliolate),  stipulate.  Fam.  49.  Pnpilionaciar.    2:262. 
4.  Catpels  united  into  a  compound  ovary;  sepals  mostly  distinct. 
■~  Stamens  few,  rarely  more  than  twice  as  many  as  the  sepals. 
t  Stamens  as  many  as  the  sepals  or  fewer,  and  opposite  them,  or  more  numerous. 
t  Ovules  pendulous,  the  rajihe  toward  the  axis  of  tlie  ovary.     Order  16.  Gkraxi  ales. 
Stamens  more  than  one;  land  plants. 

l-'lowers  regular,  or  nearly  so;  petals  i)resent,  usually  as  many  as  the  sepals. 
Herbs,  the  leaves  not  punctate;  flowers  perfect. 
Leaves  not  pinnately  compcmnd. 

Capsule  at  length  splitting  into  its  5  carpels;  leaves  lobed  or  dissected. 

Fam,  50.  Geraniaci'ae.    2 
Capsule  2-,s-celled.  not  splitting  into  its  carpels. 

Stamens  2-3  times  as  many  as  the  petals;  leaves  3-foliolate  in  our  species. 

Fam.  51.  Oxalidaciae.    2 
Stamens  as  many  as  the  petals;  leaves  entire.  Fam.  52.   Linaceac.    2 

Leaves  pinnately  compound.  Fam.  53.  ZytiOphyUaceae.     2 

Our  species  trees  of  shrubs  with  compound  leaves,  often  purictate;  flowers  dioecious  or 
polygamous. 
Leaves  punctate.  Fam.  ^\.  Rutacear.     2:  352, 

Leaves  not  punctate,  but  the  bitter  bark  with  oil-sacs.    Fam.  55.  Simaruhacraf.    2:  354. 
Flowers  very  irregular;  petals  3;  stamens  usually  8;  low  herbs.  Fam.  ,56.  Polyaalacear.     2:  35,^. 
I'lowers  regular,  often  apetalous,  small,  monoecious  or  dioecious;  carpels  niost'v  3;  herbs  or 
low  shrubs,  mostly  with  milky  juice.  Fam.  ,57.  Euphorhiac'car.     2:361. 

Stamen  only  i;  perianth  none;  styles  2;  small  aquatic  or  rarely  terrestrial  plants  with  opposite  en- 
tire leaves.  Fam.  58.  Callitrichaciac.    2:  381. 
X  X  Ovules  pendulous,  with  the  raphe  away  from  the  axis  of  the  ovary,  or  erect  or  ascending. 

Order  17.  Sapindales. 
a.  Flowers  regular,  or  nearly  so  ( except  in  Hippocastanaceae,  which  are  trees  or  shrubs 
with  digitately  compound  leaves). 
Petals  none  (or  3  in  Empetrum);  flowers  monoecious  or  dioecious;  leaves  evergreen. 

Stamens  mostly  3;  low  heath  like  shrubs.  l.'am.  59.  Empctraceae.    2:  383. 

Stamens  4-7;  our  species  an  herb  with  broad  leaves  and  spiked  flowers. 

Fam.  60.  Buxaceae.    2:  384. 


232. 

246. 
254- 


:34o. 


344. 
348. 
35'- 


xu 


GENERAL   KEY  TO  THE   ORDERS   AM)   FAMILIES. 


2:  41*1. 
2:4(12. 


1404. 
■V7- 


Petals  present;  leaves'  clcciduous,  except  in  Cyrillaeiae  and  some  Ilicaceae. 

Low  annual  herbs,  with  i)iiinately  ilivided  leaves,  the  stamens  twice  as  many  as  the  petals. 

I'am.  (ji.  LimnaHlluucac.    2.  3S5. 
Trees  or  shnib",  or  rarely  herbaceous  vines. 

Ovary  1  celled  (in  ours);  fruit  a  small  drupe.  Fani.  62.  Aiiaiaidiaceae.    2:  3,S5. 

Ovary  2-scveralcelled. 

Leaves  siniiile,  piunately  veined. 
Seeds  not  ariUed. 

I'ruit  <lry;  flowers  raceined,  perfect.  Tani.  63.   Cyrillaifae.     2:  .^''o 

l'"rnit  a  small  drupe;  llowers  not  racemed,  mostly  polyKanu)-dioecious;  ovules 

pendulous.  Kani.  6j.  Ilicaceae.    2:  390. 

Seeds  atilled;  ovules  erect;  capsule  fleshy.  Kam.  65.  Celaslraceae.    2;  393. 

Leaves  simple  ami  ])alniately  veined,  or  compound. 

Leaves  opposite. 

l'"ruii  a  bladdery  3-lobed  capsule.  Tani.  66   Slafilirleaceae.    2.  306. 

l-ruit  of  2  wiuKed  sanniras.  l"am.  67.  Acetaceae.    2:  396. 

I'ruit  a  leathery  capsule;  flowers  irregular;  leaves  dipitately  compound. 

Fam.  fi.s    IIi[tpocaslanacccn . 
Leaves  alternate;  fruit  various.  I'am. ')q.  Sapindaccae. 

b.  Flowers  very  irregular,  the  posterior  sepal  lart;e.  saccate;  succulent  herbs,  the  capsule 

elastically  dehiscent.  Fam.  70.  Hnhaniinaciae.    2:  403. 

t  t  Stamens  as  many  as  the  sepals  ami  alternate  with  them,  opposite  the  petals  when 
these  are  present;  ovules  erect.  Order  18.  Kh.vmnales. 

Shrubs,  small  trees,  or  vines;  ]ietals  .(  or  5,  or  U(jne;  fruit  a  drupe  or  cap'^ule. 

Kam   71.  Rhaniiiaceae.    2: 
Vines,  climbing  by  tendrils,  rarely  shrubs;  petals  caducous;  fruit  a  berry. 

Fam.  72.    I'ilaceae.    2: 
^   '.';   Stamens  usually  very  numerous  1  except  in  some  Hypericaceae,  in  Elatinaceae,  Violaceae 

and  PassiHoraceaci;  disk  inconspicuous  or  none, 
t  Sepals  valvate;  placentae  united  in  llie  axis  of  the  capsule.         Order  ig.  ILvLV.M.ES. 
Stamens  in  several  sets;  anthers  2-celled:  embryo  straiglit.  l"am.  73.    Tiliaceac.     2:413. 

Stamens  monadelphous;  anthers  iceiltd;  embryo  curved.  F.im.  74.   Miilzaceae.     2;  415. 

t  t  Sepals  or  calyx  seRments  imbricated  or  convolute  ( except  in  Loasaceae,  in  which  the  calyx-tube 
is  adnate  to  the  ovary);  i)lacentae  n\aiuly  i)arielal,  sometimes  united  in  the  axis. 

Order  20.  1'ariet.\les. 
Sepals  distinct,  mostly  persistent. 
Endosperm  little  or  none. 

Trees  or  shrubs  with  alternate  leaves,  and  large  solitary  axill.iry  flowers. 

Fam.  75.    Thcaceae.    2:426. 
Herbs  or  low  shrubs  with  opposite,  rarely  verticillate  leaves. 

Leaves  |)unctale  or  black  doited,  exsiipulate.  Fam.  76.  IJvpeiicaceae.    2:  427. 

Leaves  stipulate;  minute  or  small  mar^h  or  acpiatic  herbs  with  axillary  flowers. 

Fam.  77.  ICIaliiiaccae.    2:  437. 
Endosperm  co))ioHS. 

F'lowers  regular,  but  the  2  outer  sepals  smaller;  stamens  numerous;  ovules  orthotropous. 

Fam,  7.S.  Cislaccae.    2:  439. 
Flowers  irregular,  some  often  cleistogamous;  stamens  5;  ovules  anatropons. 

I'am.  79.   I'lolaccae.    2:  445. 
Sepals  more  or  less  united  into  a  gamosep;ilous  calyx. 

A  fringed  crown  in  the  throat  of  the  calyx;  our  species  vines:  .stamens  5;  ovary  free  from 

the  calyx.  Fam.  80.  t'assijloraceae.    2:  457. 

No  crown;  our  species  herbs;  stamens  numerous;  ovary  adnate  to  the  calyx. 

Fam.  .*i.  Loasaceae.    2:  45S. 
11.  Oiai y  iiiftiior,  adiinle  lo  llie  cah'.v,  -ulioHv.  or  in  pari  (except  in  Lythraceae  and  our  Melasto- 
maceae,  where  it  is  usually  merely  enclosed  by  it,  and  in  Thymeleaceae  and  Ulaeaguaceae, 
which  are  shrubs  or  trees,  with  no  corolla). 

1.  Fleshy  spiny  plants,  with  jointed  stems,  the  leaves  very  small,  or  none;  calyx-segments  and 

petals  very  numerous.  Order  21.  OrfNTiAi.ES. 

One  family.  Fam.  82.  Caclaceae.    2:  460. 

2.  Herbs,  shrubs  or  trees,  not  fleshy  nor  spiny;  calyx-segments  and  petals  (when  present)  rarely 

more  than  5. 
Petals  none  in  our  species;  shrubs  or  trees;  ovary  i  ovuled.  Order  22.  Tiivmele.\les. 

Leaves  green;  seed  pendulous.  Fam.  .S3.    Thymeleaceae.    2:46,';. 

Leaves  silver-scurfy;  seed  erect.  Fam.  84.  Eiaeagnaccae.    2:466. 

Pet:  's  present  (exce])t  in  some  Ilaloragidaceae,  which  are  small  aquatic  herbs). 

Ovules  several  or  numerous  in  each  cavity  of  the  ovary  (except  in  Haloragidaccae  and  Trap- 
aceae).  Order  23.  'i-'[\KX.\\.vs(MyrliJlorac). 

Land  or  marsh  plants,  or,  if  aquatic,  submerged  leaves  not  dissected. 

Calyx  tube  merely  enclosing  the  ovary,  but  free  from  it,  except  at  the  base. ) 

.■\nthers  longitudinally  dehiscent.  Fam.  8,s.  Lythraceae.    2:  468. 

Anthers  opening  by  a  terminal  pore.  I'am.  86.  Melaslomaceae.    2:  473, 

Calyx-tube  abnost  wholly  adnate  to  the  ovary.  Fam.  87.  Onagraceae.    2:  475. 

Aquatic  or  amphibious  herbs,  the  submerged  leaves  dissected  (except  in  Hippiiris,  which 

has  whorled  narrow  leaves  and  only  i  stamen). 

Petioles  of  the  broad  floating  leaves  inflated;  flowers  rather  large,  white. 

Fam.  88.   Trapaceae.    2:  500. 

Leaves  most  sessile;  petioles,  if  present,  not  inflated;  flowers  small,  greenish;  seeds 

with  I  coat.  F'ani,  89.  Hc'oragtdaceae.    2:  ^(k). 

Ovules  I  in  each  cavity  of  the  ovary.  Order  24.  Umbellales  (  Umbelliflorac). 

Stamens  5;  styles  2-,s,  rarely  united;  flowers  umbellate  or  capitate. 

Fruit  a  fleshy  berry  or  drupe.  Vvcvx.  <f).  Araliaceae,    2:505. 

Fruit  dry  when  mature,  splitting  into  two  mericarps.      Fam.  91.    Umbelliferae.    2:508. 
Stamens  4;  style  i;  stigma  i;  shrubs  and  trees;  flowers  not  umbellate. 

F-am.  92.  Cornaceae.    2:  542. 


I 


i 


'» 


C.KNKRAL   KUX   TO  THE   ORDERS   AND   FAMILIES. 


xin 


2:  3^5- 


■.    2:3''9- 
s;  ovules 

'.     2:  390. 
••     2:  393. 


2:  404. 


2:  426. 


:iUS. 
2:  439. 

2:445- 


2;  460. 
I  rarely 


2:  468. 

2:  473- 

2:475. 

s,  which 


2:  SCO. 
h;  seeds 

2:  5<jo. 
ifloiac). 

2:  505- 
2:508. 

2:  542- 


i 


Series  2.     OAMoi'i/rAl.AK.  2:  5.(8  to  3:  493. 

/'rill I i  iHoie  or  It  sr.  iini/nl.     (See  exceptions  iioleJ  on  page  si^^,  Vol.  2. ) 

A.  Ovary  superior   (except   in   Vaccini.iceae   :incl   .Symplocaceiie,  in  which   it   is  partly  or  wholly 

inferior. ) 

I.  Stamens  mostly  free  from  the  corolla,  or  adnate  merely  to  its  base  (at  the  sinuses  of  the  corolla 

in  Piiifiensia  and  I'yi  idanllicia   of  the  Diapensiaceae ),  as  many  as  the  lobes  and 
alternate  with  them,  or  twice  as  in.iny.    Order  i,  Kkicales, 
Stamens  free  from  the  corolla,  or  m -rely  adnate  to  its  base,  not  united  into  a  tube. 
Ovary  superior;  fruit  a  capsule,  or  rarely  drupaceous. 
Corolla  essentially  poiypetalous. 

Ovary  3-vclled;  shrubs;  leaves  deciduous.  Fam.  i.   CIrtlnaccaf.     2:51?. 

Ovary  4-5  celled;  low,  mostly  evergreen  perennials.  Fam.  2.   I'yioliui .if.     2:  ,i;49. 

Corolla  distinctly  gamopetalous  (except  in  .Utnio/ro/hi  and  //!'/'■ '/'/Vi.>  of  the  Moiiotropaceae 

and  Ledum  of  the  Kiicaceae). 

Herbaceous  saprophytes  without  green  leaves.  Fam.  3    .Moiio/ro/xiceae.     2:  5,i.(. 

Shrubs  with  normal,  often  evergreen  leaves.  I'lmi     4.  Kiicuceae.     2:556. 

Ov.iry  inferior,  id.uite  to  the  calyx,  forming  a  many-seeded  berry  in  fruit. 

l"am.  5.    I'ncciiiiaieae.     2:573. 
Stamens  borne  at  the  sinuses  of  the  corolla,  or  united  in  /i  10  lobid  tube. 

I'am.    0.  Dwpoisitueac.     2:  5SJ. 

II.  Stamens  borne  on  the  corolla,  as  many  as  its  lobes  and  opposite  them   or  twice  as  many,  or  more. 


Herbs. 

.Style  I ;  fruit  a  capsule. 
Styles  s;  fruit  .\\\  acliene  or  utricle. 
Shrubs  or  trees. 

Stamens  as  many  as  the  corolla-lobes. 
Stamens  twice  as  many  as  the  coro11aloV)es,  or  more. 
.Styles  2  S;   flowers  mostly  monoecious  or  dioecious. 
Style  1,  simple  or  lobed;  flowers  mostly  perfect. 
Stamens  in  several  series. 
.Stani'.ns  in  i  seiies. 

III. 


Order  2.    Prtmi'Lali:s. 

Fam.    7.  Piimulaccaf.  2:584. 

I''jtli.    «    /'III nihil i;iniicriif.  2;  594. 
Orders.  Uiiknai.i-;s. 

Fam.    9.  Sapolaceaf.  2:  595. 

Fam.  10.  Ebcimccac.  2:  ^(ji'i. 

Fam.  II.  Syniplocaceac.  2:597. 

Fam.  \2.' Slyiacaccac.  2;  59S. 


Stamens  borne  on  the  corolla,  as  many  .-is  its  lobes  or  fewer,  .and  alternate  with  them  ( In  our 
species  of  J'm.iiiiiis  and  Adilia  of  the  Oleaceae  there  is  no  corolla;. 

*  Corolla  not  sairious,  nerved. 

t Ovaries  2,  distinct  (except  in  some   Logaiiiaccae.  and  in  (ientianaceae  and  Menyanthaceae,   in 

which  the  ovary  is  comixiund.  with  2  cavities,  or  rarely  more,  or  with  1  cavity  and  2 

])lacentae);  flowers  regular;  stamens  mostly  adnate  to  only  the  lower  part 

of  the  corolla;  leaves  mostly  opposite. 

Order  4.  Gk.ntianales  {Conlorlae). 

a.  Stamens  (usually  2),  fewer  than  the  corolla-lobe.",  or  corolla  none;  our  species 

trees  or  shrubs.  I'am.  13.  Oleaceae.     2;  600. 

b.  Stamens  as  many  as  the  corolla-lobes;  mostly  herbs. 
Stigmas  distinct;  juice  not  milky;  ovary  i,  compound. 

Ovary  2  celled;  leaves  stipulate,  or  their  bases  connected  by  a  stipular  line. 

I'-ani.  14.  Loganiaceae.    2:(j<i4. 
Ovary  i-celled:  leaves  not  stipulate. 

Leaves  opposite  or  rarely  verticillate;  coroUa-lobe.s  convolute  or  imbricated  in  the  bud. 

Fam.  15.   Geiiliiiiiaeeae.    2;  606. 
Leaves  basal  or  alternate;  corolla-lobes  induplicate-valvate  in  the  l)ud;  marsh  or  aquatic 
herbs.  Fam.  10.  Mtiiyaiilliaceae.    2:621. 

Stigmas  united:  juice  milky:  ovaries  2  in  our  species. 

Styles  united;  .^-tamens  distinct;  pollen  of  simple  grains.  Fam.  17.   Apocynaceae.     3:  i. 

Styles  distinct;  stamens  mostly  monadelphous;  pollen-grains  united  into  waxy  masses. 

Fam.  18.  Aselcpiadaceae.    3:4. 
tt  Ovary  i,  com])ound  (2divided  in  Dicliondra  of  the  Convolvulaceae;  in  Boraginaceae  and  Labi- 
atae  mostly  deeply  4-lobed  around  the  style)  flowers  regular  or  irregular;  stamens  mostly 
adnate  to  the  middle  of  the  corolla-tube  or  beyond;   leaves  opposite  or  alternate. 

Order  5.  Poi.kmom.m.es  (  Tiibijlorae). 

a.  Corolla  regular  (irregular  in  Echium  oK  the  Boraginaceae). 
Ovary  not  4  lobed,  th"  carpels  not  separating  as  sepanite  nutlets  at  maturity. 

Ovary  2-celled,  rarely  3-4-celled;  style  i,  entire,  2-cleft,  or  2-parted;  mostly  twining  vines. 

Leaves  normal.  Fam.  19.  Convolvulaceae.    3:  19. 

White  or  yellowish  parasitic  vines,  the  leaves  reduced  to  minute  scales. 

Fam.  20.   Cusciitaceae.    3:  27, 
Ovary  3-celled;  stigmas  3,  linear;  herbs,  not  twining.  Fam.  21.  Polemoniaceac.    3:31. 

Ovary  i-celled  (2-celled  in  Nama);  style  i,  2-lobed,  or  2-parted;  herbs,  not  twining. 

l''am.  22.  Hydropliyllaceae.    3:  43. 
Ovary  deeply  4-lobed  around  the  style,  or  not  lobed  (Hcliolropiuni):  carpels  separating  as  nutlets. 

Fam,  23.  Boraginaceae.    3:  50, 

b.  Corolla  irregular,  more  or  less  2-lipped  (regular  in  Solanaceae,  in  Meiiiha  and  Lyco pit s  ol  the 
Labiatae,  and  nearly  or  quite  so  in  Verbena  and  Callicarpa  of  the  Verbenaceae). 

I.  Carpels  1-2-seedcd. 
Ovary  not  lobed,  2-4-celled,  the  style  apical;  carpels  separating  into  l-sccded  nutlets. 

l"am.  24.   Verbenaceae.    3:  69. 
Ovary  4  lobed  around  the  style,  the  lobes  ripening  into  i-seeded  nutlets. 

Fam.  25.  Labiatae.    3:  74. 


•viv  GENERAL   KEY  TO   THE   ORDERS   AND   I-AMILIES. 

2.  Carpels  sevLTal-nmiiy-seecled  (2  rieeded  in  some  Acantliaccae ) 
:  Fruit  a  berry,  or  more  commonly  a  capsule  which  is  i-j-celled,  j-valved,  circumscissile   or  irrezularlv 

bursting,  not  elastically  dehiscent.  ^sui^ny 

Placentae  axile. 

Ovary  2celled,  or  rarelj-  3-5-celled. 

Flowers  regular;  fertile  stamens  5  (4  in  Petunia),  fruit  a  berry  or  capsule. 

Ti.,  1        •  ...  Fain.  26.  Sill  a  II  ac  ear.     \.  \2\ 

Flowers  more  or  less  irregular;  fertile  stamens  2  or  4  (5  in  Vcibasnim):  fruit  a  capsule. 

3:  142. 


/->  >,    J  .  .  Fam.  27 

Uvary  i-celled;  marsh  or  aciuattc  lierljs  with  flowers  on  scai)es. 


Scrofihulariaceai' 
Faui.  2S.  Leii/ihulariaceai: 


Placentae  parietal 

Herbs  parasitic  on  the  roots  of  other  plants,  the  leaves  reduced  to  scales,  not  green 
i-celled.  ,      ,       ,      ,  Fam.  20.  OroliancluiLLUc. 

Trees,  vines,  shrubs,  or  herbs,  the  foliage  normal. 

Trees,  shrubs,  or  woody  vines;  capsule  2-celled;  seeds  winged  in  our  genera. 

/-,         .»    ,  J.  ,      ,  Fam.  xo.  liiii'iioniaccar. 

Opposite-leaved  herbs:  capsule  i-celled  in  our  genus;  seeds  wingless. 

Fam.  31.  Afar/yiiiauai 


3.  188. 

ovary 
3:  194. 


3:  lyS. 

,  Capsule  completely  j-celled,  elastically  loculicidally  dehiscent;  opVosite'ieaved'her'bsrplacen^ae'^' 
r,  .,     .  ,,    ,     .  ,  °'"'*'  Pam.  ^2.  Acaii//i,ur,ie.    3:201. 

Ovary  and  fruit  i  celled  with  i  erect  orthotropous  ovule  and  seed;  herb  with  spicate  flowers 

and  reflexed  fruits.  Fum.  .^2.  P/ininaceaf.    3:205. 

^  i'-  Coro//a  sairioiis.  HiTZ'iiess.  Order  6.     Plant.xgi.wlf.s 

Herbs  with  small  spicate  or  capitate  flowers;  one  family.         Fam. 


B.  Ovary  inferior. 

I.  Anthers  distinct. 


33.  Plantaginaceae.    3:  205. 


Stamens  as  many  as  the  corolla-lobes  and  alternate  with  them  (one  fewer  in  Unnaea  of  the  Capri 
foliaceae),  or  twice  as  many;  ovary  compound,  with  i  ovule  or  more  in  each  cavity    leaves 


Order  7.  Rvuiales. 


3:  211. 
3;  227. 


opposite,  or  verticillate 

Stamens  as  many  as  the  corolla-lobes. 

Uaves  always  stipulate,  usually  blackening  in  drying.  Fam.  sj.  Rnhiaaar 

Leaves  usually  exstipulate,  not  blackening  in  drying.         Fam.  35.  tSapriMiao'ae 

btamens  twice  as  many  as  the  corolla-lobes;  low  herb  with  ternately  divided  leaves. 

Stamens^mostlyjewer.than  the  corolla-lobes;  ovary  l-celled  with  i  ptndifouf  ovu?e,Tr  3-celVed 

Orders.  V.^lerianalks  {Aggrei^atae). 
Fam.  37     "  ■ 
Fatii. 


with  2  of  the  cavities  without  ovules. 

Ovary  i-celled;  flowers  densely  capitate,  involucrate.  Fatii.  38.  L.fsacaccae.    3:247. 

n.  Anthers  united  (except  in  Campanula  and  Legouzia  of  the  Campanulaceae,  in  Ambrosiaceae 
.  .  and  in  A  H/zH/a  of  the  Compositae.  Order  9.  Camfaxulales  (Ca«//>a«;</fl/ac)' 
Flowers  not  in  involucrate  heads;  juice  mostly  milky. 

F.ndosperm  none;  flowers  monoecious  or  dioecious;  our  species  vines 

Fio.i^'^KE^'iiS^^ '--  ^-'-^-  FSiv^^^:/;f^= 

Flowers  all  expanded  into  rays  (ligulate);  juice  milky.  Fam.  41.  Cichoriaceac 

flow-ers  all  tubular,  or  the  outer  expanded  into  rays;  juice  very  rarely  milkv 

tt^Ill!"^  *^"VT,' °','"'"'>' ';"•      ■  Fam.  42.  Amiirosiacra,: 

btamens  united  by  their  anthers  into  a  tube  around  the  style  (except  in  Kuhnia). 

Fam.  43.  Compositae. 


249. 
252. 


3:  261. 
3:  292. 
3:29s. 


T 


ILLUSTRATED  FLORA. 


VOL.   Ill, 


3:188. 


3: 198. 


3:211 
3:227 


3:  249- 
3:  252. 

3;  261. 

3:  292. 

3:29s. 


Family  17.     APOCYNACEAE  Liiidl.  Xat.  Sy.st.  Ed.  2,  299.       1836. 

]Jo<;n.\NH  l".\Mn,v. 

Perennial  lierb.s,  shrubs,  vines,  or  some  tropical  genera  trees,  mostly  with  an 
acrid  milky  juice,  with  simple  opposite  alternate  or  verticillate  exstipulate 
leaves,  and  perfect  regular  5 -parted  cymose  solitary  or  paniculate  flowers. 
Calyx  inferior,  persistent,  the  lobes  imbricated  in  the  bud.  Corolla  gamopeta- 
lous,  its  lobes  convolute  in  the  bud  and  often  twisted.  Stamens  as  many  as  the 
lobes  of  the  corolla,  alternate  with  them,  inserted  on  the  tube  or  throat;  anthers 
linear-oblong,  or  sagittate,  2-celled ;  pollen-grains  simple,  often  glutinous. 
Ovary  superior,  or  its  ba.se  adherent  to  the  calyx,  of  2  distinct  carpels,  or 
1 -celled,  with  2  parietal  placentae,  or  2-celled;  ovules  few  or  numerous,  anatro- 
pous  or  amphitropous;  style  simple,  or  2-divided;  stigma  simple.  Fruit  usually 
of  2  follicles  or  drupes.  Seeds  often  appendaged  by  a  coma;  endo.sperm  fleshy, 
not  copious;  embrj-o  straight;  cotyledons  flat  or  concave;  radicle  terete,  usually 
shorter  than  the  cotyledons. 

About  i^ogencni  and  11)50  species,  very  widely  distributed,  mostly  in  tropic.il  regions. 


Leaves  alternate;  erect  herbs. 
Leaves  (jpposite;  vines  or  herbs. 
Flowers  large,  axillary,  solitary. 
Flowers  small,  cymose. 

ICrect  or  dilTuse  herbs;  corolla  cainpauulate. 
High  climbing  vines;  corolla  funnelform. 


1.  A II I  sunt  a. 

2.  I'iiica. 


Apocynum. 
Trachelospenii  u  m . 


I.   AMSONIA  Walt.  Fl.  Car.  98.       1788. 


Perennial  herbs,  with  alternate  membranous  leaves,  and  rather  large  blue  or  bluish  flow- 
ers, in  terminal  tliyrsoid  or  corymbose  cymes.  Calyx  5-parted,  the  segments  narrow,  acumi- 
nate. Corolla  mostly  salver-form,  the  tube  cylindric,  hut  somewhat  dilated  at  the  summit, 
villous  within,  the  lobes  convolute  in  the  bud.  Stamens  inserted  on  the  throat  of  the  corolla, 
included;  anthers  ovate  or  oblong.  Disk  none.  Ovarj-of  2  carpels,  connected  at  the  top  by 
the  filiform  style;  ovules  in  2  rows  in  each  cavity,  numerous;  stigma  appendaged  by  a  re- 
flexed  membrane.  Fruit  of  2  erect  cylindric  several-seeded  follicles.  Seeds  cylindric  or  ob- 
long, obliquely  truncate  at  each  end,  not  appendaged.  [Named  for  Charles  Amson  of  South 
Carolina.] 

.\bout  8  species,  natives  of  Nortli  America  and  eastern  Asia.  liesides  the  following,  ,=;  others 
occur  in  the  southern  and  southwestern  United  States. 

I.    Amsonia   Amsonia  (L.)  Britton. 
Amsonia.     (Fig.  2893.) 

Tabernaemontana  Amsonia  L.  Sp.  PI.  Fd.  2,  ,308. 

1762. 
Amsonia  Tabernaemoii/aiia  W'aM.Vl.  Car.  ()A.  17S8. 
.1.  Amsonia  liritton,  Mem.  Torr.  Club,  5:  2*32.  1S94. 

Glabrous  or  nearly  so,  simple,  or  branched 
above,  2°-4°  high.  Leaves  ovate,  ovate-lanceo- 
late or  lanceolate,  entire,  acutninate  at  the  apex, 
narrowed  at  the  base,  sometimes  pubescent  be- 
neath, 2'-5'  long,  ^i'-2'  wide;  petioles  2"-4" 
long;  flowers  thyrsoid-cymose,  numerous;  pedi- 
cels bracteolate  at  the  base;  calyx  about  1" 
long,  its  segments  subulate;  corolla  it"-()"  long, 
beaked  by  the  convolute  limb  in  the  bud,  its 
lobes  linear  and  about  as  long  as  the  tube;  fol- 
licles 2'-4'  long,  about  2"  thick,  attenuate  at 
the  apex,  glabrous;  seeds  papillose. 

In  moist  soil,  southern  Pennsylvania  to  Illinois 
and  Kentucky,  south  to  Florida,  Missouri  and 
Texas.     April-July. 


APOCYNACEAE. 


[Voi<.  III. 


2.  VINCA  L.  Sp.  PI.  209.  1753. 
Erect  or  trailing  herbs,  some  species  slightly  woody,  with  opposite  leaves,  and  large  soli- 
tary blue  i)ink  or  wliite  axillary  flowers.  Calyx  5-parte(l,  the  segments  narrow,  acuminate. 
Corolla  salverform,  the  tube  cylindric,  or  expanded  above,  pubescent  within,  the  lobes  con- 
volute, at  least  in  the  bud,  obli(iue.  Stamens  included.  Disk  of  2  glands,  alternate  with  the 
2  carpels.  Ovules  several  in  e.'ich  carpel;  style  filiform;  stigma  annular,  its  apex  penicillate. 
I'ollicles  2,  erect  or  spreading,  cylindric,  several-seeded.  .Seeds  oblong-cylindric,  truncate 
at  each  end,  not  appendaged.  [The  Latin  name.] 
About  12  species,  one  iialivc  of  tropical  Atnerica> 
occurrinu  in  Florida,  the  otliui  ,  of  the  Old  \V(m1(1. 

I.    Vinca  minor   T<.       Periwinkle. 
Myrtle.      (Fig.  2^^^.) 

I'iiica  miiio)\..  .Sp.  I'l.  21*}.      175,5. 

Terennial,  trailing,  glabrous;  stems  '-2° 
long.  Leaves  oblong  to  ovate,  entire,  firm, 
green  both  sides,  obtuse  or  acut'sh  at  the  apex, 
narrowed  at  the  base,  .short-petioled,  i'-2>2' 
long,  ]2'-\'  wide;  flowers  not  numerous,  solitary 
in  some  of  the  axils,  blue,  9"- 15"  broad;  pe- 
duncles slender,  Ji^~l}'i'  long;  calyx  very 
deeply  parted,  the  segments  subulate-lanceolate, 
glabrous,  about  I'/i'  long;  corolla-tube  expanded 
above,  as  long  as  or  slightly  longer  than  the  ob- 
ovate,  nearly  truncate  lobes;  anther-sacs  with  a 
broad  connective;  follicles  few  seeded. 

Escaped  from  Kardcns  to  roadsides  and  woods,  On- 
tario to  southern  New  York  and  New  Jersey.  Native 
of  Europe.  Leaves  shining.  .\lso  called  Running 
Myrtle.    Feb.-May. 

3.   APOCYNUM  L.  Sp.  PI.  213.      1753. 

rerennial  branching  herbs,  with  opposite  entire  leaves,  and  small  white  or  pink  flowers 
in  terminal  and  sometimes  axillary  corymbed  cymes.  Calyx  5-parted,  the  segments  acute. 
Corolla  campanulate,  the  tube  bearing  within  5  small  triangular  .appendages  alternate  with 
the  stamens,  the  limb  globed.  Stamens  inserted  on  the  base  of  tlie  corolla;  anthers  sagit- 
tate, coiinivent  around  the  stigma  and  slightly  adherent  to  it.  Disk  5-lobed.  Ovary  of  2 
carpels;  ovules  numerous  in  each  carpel;  stigma  ovoid,  obtuse,  obscurely  2-lobed.  Follicles 
slender,  elongated,  terete.  Seeds  numerous,  small,  the  apex  tipped  with  a  long  coma. 
[Greek,  dog-bane.] 

.Vbout  h  species,  of  the  north  temperate  zone, 
branches  divergent:  corolla-tube  longer  than  thecilyx,  its  lobes  levolute.   i.  .1.  aiidrosaemifcliiim. 
Uranclies  erect  or  ascending;  corolla-tube  not  longer  than  llie  calyx,  its  lobes  nearly  erect. 

Leaves  and  cymes  glabrous  or  somewhat  pubescent. 

Leaves  petioled,  narrowed  at  base,  or  the  lower  obtuse  or  subcordate.     2.  A.  caniiahhiiini. 
Leaves  mostly  cordate-clasping  or  obtuse  attlie  base,  nearly  sessile. ,?.  A.  Iiypcricifoliuvt. 

Whole  ])laiit,  including  the  cymes,  densely  pubescent.  4-  -'•  p'ibescens. 

I.    Apocynum    androsaemifolium    ly. 
Spreading  Dogbane.     Honey-bloom. 
(Fig.  2895.) 
Apocyiniw  andtomemi/oliiim  L.  Sp.  PI.  21,^.      175,5. 
Rootstock  horizontal;  .stem  i°-4°  high;  branches 
broadly    .spreading,    mostly    glabrous.      Leaves 
ovate  or  oval,  acute  or  obtuse  and  mucronate  at 
the  apex,  rounded  or  narrowed  at  the  base,  gla- 
brous above,  pale  and  usually  more  or  less  pubes- 
cent beneath,  2'-^'  long,  i''-2^''  wide;  petioles 
2"-4"  long;  cymes  loose;  pedicels  2"-y  long, 
subulate-bractcd  at  the  base;  flowers  about  4" 
broad;  calyx-segments  shorter  than  the  tube  of 
the  pinkish   corolla;  corolla-lobes  revolute;  fol- 
licles about  4'  long,  narrowed  at  the  apex. 

In  fields  and  thickets,  Anticosti  to  British  Colum- 
bia, south  to  Georgia,  Nebraska  and  Arizona.  As- 
cends to  3500  ft.  in  Virginia.  Called  also  Bitter-root. 
June-July. 


Iv. 


[inches 

ycaves 

liatc  at 

J.  gla- 
Dubes- 
etioles 
long, 
jut  4" 
libe  of 
fol- 


toluni- 
As- 
Ir-root. 


Vol..  III.]  DOGIUNE   FAMILY.  3 

2.  Apocynum  cannabinum  L.       Indian  Hemp.     Amy-root.      (Fig,  2896.) 

Apotyniim  cannabinum  I,.  Sp.  I'l.  i\\.      175,^ 

Root  <lfep,  vertical,  soon  branching.  Stem  ex- 
tensively branched,  the  branches  erect  or  ascend- 
ing, glabrous  or  nearly  so,  more  or  less  glaucous. 
Leaves  oblong,  lanceolate-oblong  or  ovate-oblong, 
acute  or  obtuse  and  mucronate  at  the  apex,  nar- 
rowed or  rounded  at  the  base,  glabrous  above, 
sometimes  pubescent  beneath,  2'-6'  long,  Yz'-^' 
wide;  petioles  i"-6"  long,  or  sometimes  none; 
cymes  dense;  pedicels  short,  bricteolate  at  the  base; 
flowers  i]!"-},]!"  broad;  calyx-segments  nearly 
as  long  as  the  tube  of  t)ie  greenish -white  corolla; 
corolla-lobes  nearly  erect;  follicles  similar  to  those 
of  the  precedinr^  species. 

In  fitUb.  and  thickets.  Aiiticosti  to  liritish  Cuhnnbia, 
Florida  and  Lower  CaHfornia.     ]une-Au(?. 
Apocynum  cannabinum  glaberrimum  DC.  rrodr.8: 4^9.  1844. 

(Tlabrous;  leaves  smaller,  oblong  lanceolate,  acute  at 
each  end,  or  sometimes  rounded  at  the  base,  seldom 
over  2fi'  long  and  10"  wide,  distinctly  petioled.  On 
river  shores  and  similar  situations;  range  apparently 
nearly  of  the  type,  but  more  abundant  northward. 

3.  Apocynum  hypericifolium  Ait.     Clasping-leaved  Dogbane.   (Fig.  2897.) 

.Ipatyniini    liyftericifoUnm  Ait.    Hort.   Kew.    i:   ^04. 

Apocjniini  cannabinum  var.  Iiypfricijolitim  A.  Gray, 
JIan.  3(j,s.      iS4K. 

Glabrous,  often  glaucous;  stem  i''-2°  high,  the 
branches  ascending.  Leaves  oblong,  oblong-lan- 
ceolate to  oval,  i'-2)'  long,  yi'-i%'  wide,  obtuse  or 
acutish  at  the  apex,  cordate-clasping,  rounded, 
tnmcate,  or  the  upper  narrowed  at  the  base,  very 
sliort-petioled,  or  sessile,  the  primary  venation 
forming  broad  angles  with  the  mid  vein;  cymes 
many-flowered,  dense  to  loo.se;  pedicels  mostly  not 
longer  than  the  flowers,  bracteolate;  calyx-segments 
about  the  length  of  the  corolla-tube,  lanceolate, 
acute;  corolla-lobes  nearly  erect;  follicles  'i'-^yi' 
long. 

In  dry  soil,  or  along  streams,  Ontario  to  Hritish 
Columbia,  Ohio,  Illinois  and  New  Mexico.    ]une-Aug. 


4.  Apocynum  pubescens  R.  Br.    Velvet 
Dogbane.     (Fig.  289S.) 

Apocynum  pubescens  R.  Br.  Mem.  Wern.  Soc.  i:  6S. 

1811. 
Apocynum    cannabinum    var.    pubescens    A.    DC. 

Prodr.  8:  4}o.      1844. 

Whole  plant,  including  the  pedicels  and  calyx, 
densely  velvety-pubescent.  Branches  ascending; 
leaves  oval  to  elliptic,  obtuse  or  acute  at  the  apex, 
strongly  nmcronate,  obtuse  or  obtusish  at  the 
base,  the  veins  impressed  in  the  pubescence  of 
the  lower  surface;  petioles  \"-2"  long;  cymes 
dense;  calyx-seguients  about  as  long  as  the  tube 
of  the  corolla,  lanceolate,  acute;  corolla  appar- 
ently purple,  its  lobes  erect;  fruit  not  seen. 

Original  from  "Virginia,  herb.  Mitchell."  The 
only  specimen  seen  by  us  was  collected  by  Dr.  C.  C. 
Parry  m  Polk  Co.,  Iowa,  July,  1S67. 


4  APOCYNACKAE.  [Vol..  III. 

4.  TRACHELOSPERMUM  Lemaire,  Jard.  Fleur.  i;  />/.  f>i.  1851. 
Twilling  woody  vines  (some  exotic  species  nearly  erect  shrubs),  with  opposite  entire 
deciduous  leaves,  and  small  yellow  greenish  or  white  flowers  in  terniinnl  and  axillary  com- 
pound cymes.  Calyx  small,  deeply  5-parte<l,  glandular  within,  the  segments  narrow.  Cor- 
olla funnelfonn  or  salverfoim,  the  lube  nearly  cylindric,  expanded  above,  the  lc')es  convo- 
lute, more  or  less  twisted.  Stamens  included,  or  short  exserted;  anthers  sagittate,  acuminate, 
connivent  around  the  stigma  and  slightly  adherent  to  it.  Disk  of  5  glandular  lobes.  (Ivary 
of  2  carpels;  ovules  numerous  in  each  carpel;  style  slender,  its  apex  thickened  below  the 
narrow  ring  of  the  ovoid  stigma.  I'ollicles  iiuicli  elongated,  slender.  Seeds  linear,  not 
beaked,  long-coniose  at  the  apex.     [Greek,  neck-seed,  but  the  seed  is  not  beaked.] 

^'        -^  .\bout  6  Bi)icii.s,  natives  of  castirn  Asia  and  North 

"~''~'  Americ.i.     The    following  is  the  only   known    North 

.\nicrican  species. 

t.   Trachelospermum   difforme    (Walt.) 
A.Gray.  Trachelosperinuin.  (Fig.  2899.) 

Kchilc^  iiil/Uriiiis  Walt.  V\.  Car.  (yS.      17S8. 
Juiisleioina  dilU'rmi<:  \.  DC.  I'roilr.  8:  i.C-      1844. 
7".  (iiff'iirme  A.  Gray,  Syn.  l'"l.  2:  Part  i,  S,s.      1878. 

A  high-climbing  vine,  the  stems  ^^'  in  diameter 
or  more,  the  twigs  pubescent  or  glabrous.  Leaves 
thin,  ovate,  oval  or  lanceolate,  acuminate  or  acute 
at  the  apex,  narrowed  or  rarely  rounded  at  the 
base,  I'/i'-i'  long,  '/i'-2'  wide;  petioles  i''-\" 
long;  peduncles  slender,  shorter  than  the  leaves; 
pedicels  and  branches  of  thecjnie  bracteolate  at 
the  base;  llowers  yellow  or  cream-color,  4"-5" 
long;  lobes  of  the  corolla  ovate,  spreading,  shorter 
than  the  tube;  follicles  very  slender,  s'-g'  long, 
scarcely  2"  thick. 

In  inuist  woods  and  along  stre.iras,  Delaware  to 
Florida,  Texas  and  Mexico,  mostly  near  the  coast. 
June-AUK- 

Family  iS.     ASCLEPIADACEAE  Lindl.  Xat.  Syst.  Ed.  2,  302.     1836.* 

Mii.KUEicn  l".\Mn.v. 
Perennial  herbs,  vines  or  shrubs,  mostly  with  milky  juice,  with  opposite 
alternate  or  verticillate  exstipulate  leaves,  and  mostly  umbellate  perfect 
regular  flowers.  Calyx  inferior,  its  tube  very  short,  or  none,  its  .segments 
imbricated  or  separate  in  the  bud.  Corolla  campanulate,  urceolate,  rotate 
or  funnelform,  5-lobed  or  5-clcft,  the  .segments  commonly  reflexed.  A  5-lobed 
or  5-parted  crown  (corona)  between  the  corolla  and  the  stamens  and  adnate  to 
one  or  the  other.  Stamens  5,  inserted  on  the  corolla,  usually  near  its  base; 
filaments  short,  stout,  mostly  monadelphous,  or  distinct;  anthers  attached  by 
their  bases  to  the  filaments,  introrsely  2-celled,  connivent  around  the  stigma,  or 
more  or  less  united  with  each  other;  anther-sacs  tipped  with  an  inflexed  or  erect 
scarious  membrane,  or  unappendaged  at  the  top,  sometimes  appendaged  at  the 
base;  pollen  coherent  into  waxy  or  granular  masses,  one  or  rarely  two  such 
masses  in  each  sac,  connected  with  the  stigma  in  pairs  or  fours,  by  5  glandular 
corpuscles  alternate  with  the  anthers.  Disk  none.  Ovary  of  2  carpels;  styles 
2,  short,  connected  at  the  summit  by  the  peltate  di.scoid  stigma;  ovules  numerous 
in  each  carpel,  mostly  anatropous,  pendulous.  Fruit  of  2  several-many-seeded 
follicles.  Seeds  compressed,  usually  apjiendaged  by  a  long  coma;  endosperm 
cartilaginous,  mostly  thin;  embryo  nearly  as  long  as  the  seed;  cotyledons  flat. 

About  220  genera  and  19011  species  of  very  wide  geographic  distribution,  most  abundant  in 
tropical  or  wariu-teniperate  regions. 
Erect  or  decumbent  herbs. 

Corona-hoods  each  with  an  incur\'ed  horn  within;  leaves  mostly  opposite.      i.  Asclepias. 
Corona-hoods  prominently  crested  within;  leaves  alternate.  2.  Asclepiodora. 

Corona-hoods  unappendaged  or  with  a  thickened  crest  like  keel;  leaves  opposite  or  alternate. 

3.  Acetates. 
Twining  vines. 

Corolla-lobes  erect;  corona-lobes  1-2-awned. 
Corolla  rotate. 

Anthers  tipped  with  a  scarious  membrane;  pollen-masses  pendulous.       5. 
Anthers  merely  tipped;  pollen-masses  horizontal.  6. 

*Text  revised  by  Miss  Anna  Murray  Vail. 


4.  Ampelanus. 


Cynanchum. 
Vincetoxicum. 


III. 


Vol.  III.] 


MILKWEED  FAMILY. 


)posite 

perfect 

meiits 

rotate 

1-lobed 

ate  to 

base; 

ed  by 

a,  or 

erect 

t  the 

such 

dular 

styles 

erous 

jceded 

sperm 

flat. 

Bant  in 


1^. 
iora. 
l-nate. 


lum. 
\icum. 


X.   ASCLEPIAS  U  vSp.  PI.  214.      1753. 

Pereniii.il  erect  or  decunibent  herbs,  with  opposite  verticillate  or  rarely  alternate  entire 
leaves,  and  middle-sized  or  small  flowers  in  terminal  or  axillary  umbels.  Calyx  5-parted  or 
Sdivided,  usually  small,  the  segments  or  sepals  acute,  often  glandular  within.  Corolla 
deeply  5-parted,  the  segments  mostly  valvate,  reflexed  in  anthesis.  Corona-column  gener- 
ally present.  Corona  of  5  concave  erect  or  spreading  hoods,  each  bearing  within  a  slender 
or  subulate  incurved  horn,  either  included  or  exserted.  I'ilaments  connate  into  a  tube;  anthers 
tipped  with  an  inflexed  membrane,  wiugel,  the  wings  broadened  below  the  middle;  pollen- 
masses  solitary  in  each  sac,  pendulous  on  their  caudicles.  Stigma  nearly  flat,  ,s-angled  or 
5-lobed.  I'ollicles  usually  thick,  acuminate.  Seeds  tomose  in  all  but  one  species.  [Dedi- 
cated to  AEsculapius.] 

.\bont  S5  species,  mostly  natives  of  tlie  New  World;  besides  the  followinp;  some  2,5  others  occur 
in  soutlitrn  and  western  North  .America.     Known  as  Milkweed,  Silkweed,  or  Swallow-wort. 

-:<-   Corolla  and  corona  orange  ;  leaves  alternate  or  opposite. 
Stem  erect  or  ascen<lin({;  leaves  nearly  .ill  alternate.  i.  A.  Iithentsa. 

Stems  reclining;  leaves,  at  least  the  upper,  opposite,  oblong  or  oval.  2.  A.  decunweiis. 

vr  -A-   Corolla  bright  red  or  purple  ;  leav      >pposite. 
Flowers  4"-6"  broad;  corona-hoods  2"-y'  liiKh. 

Leaves  lanccol.ile  or  linear;  hoods  oblong,  obtuse.  3. 

Leaves  ov.ite  or  ovate-lanceolate;  hoods  lanceolate.  .(. 

Leaves  oblong,  ovate  or  ovale-oblonK;  hoods  oblong,  acutish.  5. 

I'lowers  2"-,^"  bro.id;  corona  hoods  i"-i'.."  liiBli. 

Plant  nearly  or  quite  Klabrous;  leaves  lanceolate  or  oblong-lanceolate.    6. 

Plant  pubescent;  leaves  oblong.  7. 


A.  lanceotala. 

A.  ruhia. 

A.  pui purascciis. 

A.  imarnala. 
A.  puUhra. 


•/t   -X-   ■:•:■    Corolla  greenish,  purplish,  yellowish  or  \vhite 
Leaves  ovate,  oblong,  ov.ite-lanceolate,  obovate  or  orbicular. 
Plants  glabrous  throughout,  or  minutely  pubescent  above. 
Leaves  sessile,  clasping  or  very  short  petioled. 

Peduncles  of  the  solitary  or  several  umbels  short. 

Leaves  ovate  oblong;  hoods  2-auriculate  at  the  base 
Leaves  nearly  orbicular;  hoods  truncate. 
Peduncle  of  the  usually  solitary  umbel  elongated. 
Leaves  cordate-clasping,  wavy  margined. 
Leaves  sessile,  flat;  horn  not  e.\ceednig  the  Ixjod. 
Leaves  manifestly  petioled. 

Corolla  greenish;  umbels  loose,  the  pedicels  drooping. 
Corolla  white;  umbels  dense. 

Corolla  pink;  some  of  the  leaves  verticillate  in  4's. 
Plants,  at  least  the  lower  surfaces  of  the  leaves,  cancscent  or  tomentose 
p'oUicles  tomentose,  covered  with  soft  spinose  processes. 
Corona-hoods  obtuse,  short. 
Corona-hoods  elongated,  lanceolate. 
Follicles  with  no  spinose  processes,  glabrous  or  pubescent. 
Leaves  wavy  margined;  corolla-segments  4"-5"  long. 
Leaves  flat;  corolla-segments  2"-^"  long. 
Leaves  lanceolate,  oblong-lanceolate  or  linear. 

Leaves  opposite,  lanceolate  or  oblong-lanceolate. 

Leaves  thick,  shnrt-petioled;  inflorescence  woolly. 
Leaves  thin,  slender-petioled;  inflorescence  dowiiy. 
Leaves  mostly  verticillate  in  ,Vs-6's,  narrowly  linear. 
Leaves  scattered,  densely  crowded,  filiform-linear. 

I.   Asclepias  tuberosa  L.       Butterfly- 
weed.     Pleurisy-root.     (Fig.  2900.) 

Asclepias  tuberosa  L.  Sp.  PI.  217.      175;?. 

Hirsute-pubescent;  stems  rather  stout,  simple, 
or  branched  near  the  summit,  ascending  or 
erect,  very  leafy,  i°-2°  high,  the  milky  sap 
scanty.  Leaves  usually  all  alternate,  lanceo- 
late or  oblong,  acute  or  sometimes  obtuse  at  the 
apex,  narrowed,  rounded  or  cordate  at  the  base, 
sessile  or  short-petioled,  2'-6'  long,  2"- 
12"  wide;  umbels  cymo.se  at  the  ends  of  the 
stem  or  branches,  many-flowered;  peduncles 
shorter  than  the  leaves;  pedicels  pubescent, 
}i'-i'  long;  corolla-segments  oblong,  obtuse, 
about  3"  long,  greenish  orange;  corona-column 
about  yi"  long;  hoods  erect,  oblong,  bright 
orange,  or  rarely  yellow,  2-3  times  as  long  as  the 
stamens,  slightly  longer  than  the  filiform  horns; 
fruiting  pedicels  decurved;  follicles  nearly  erect, 
finely  pubescent,  4'-5'  long. 

In  dry  fields,  Maine  and  Ontario  to  Minnesota, 
Florida,  Texas  and  .Arizona.  June-Sept.  Called 
also  Wind-root,  Orange-root. 


leaves  opposite  or  verticillate. 


S.  A.  Still ivanlii. 

9.  A.  lalifolia. 

10.  A.  obliisi/olia, 

11.  A.  ^feadii. 

12.  A.  eialtala. 
\\  A,  Valletta  la. 
14.  A.  quadiifolia. 


15.  A.  Syriaca. 
lO.  A.  speciosa. 

I'.  A.  areiiaria. 
i.S.  A.  ovalifolia. 


K).  A.hrachyslephana. 

20.  A,  perennis. 

21.  A.  verlicillala, 

22.  A.  pnmila. 


ASCLFJ'IADACEAE. 


[Vol,  III. 


2.  Asclepias  decumbens  L.     Decum- 
bent Hutlerfly-weed.     (Fig.  2901. ) 

Asc/i'/iiiis  (fc(iiiii/'ins  I,.  Sl>.  V\.  2if).       175,1. 
/■{st-/t/>ias  luheiosii  vai.  iltiniiibciis  I'ursli,  PI.  Am. 
Sept.  1S4.      IN|  1. 

Ilirsutt-pubcscent;  sU-ni.s  decumbent,  2°-3° 
lonjj,  the  ends  asi'eiiditijj  or  erect.  Leaves  .sessile 
or  short-ijctioled,  oblong  or  elliptic,  obtuse  at 
the  apex,  narrowed  and  often  ine(|uilntoral  at 
the  ba.se,  i'-^'  long,  'i'-2'4'  wide,  the  ujiper 
opposite,  the  lower  conimoidy  alternate,  the  up- 
])ermost  very  small;  mnbels  several  or  numerous, 
many-flowered,  racemose  alonj;  the  branches, 
one  usually  in  each  of  the  upper  axils;  pedun- 
cles stout,  short;  pedicels  slender,  somewhat 
pubescent,  about  '<'  long;  corolla-segments  ob- 
long, acutish,  dark  orange,  about  3"  long; 
column  about  'j"  high,  tlie  hoods  erect,  ob- 
long, orange,  slightly  longer  than  the  subulate 
horn;  follicles  more  slender  than  in  the  last. 

In  dry  fields,  Illinois  and  Ohio  to  North  Caro- 
lina and  Florida.    June-Au({. 


3.   Asclepias  lanceolata  Walt.     Few- 
flowered  Milkweed.     (Fig.  2902.) 

Asclepias  lancfolala  Walt.  I'M.  Car.  105.      1788. 
A.  panpercula  Miclix.  1"1.  Hor.  Am.  1:  iis.      i8o,v 

Nearly  glabrous  throughout;  stem  slender, usually 
simple,  naked  above,  2°-4°  high.  Leaves  opposite, 
distant,  linear  or  narrowly  lanceolate,  elongated, 
acuminate,  narrowed  at  the  base,  short-petioled, 
4'-io'  long,  2"-"]"  wide,  roughish  on  the  margins, 
the  primary  nerves  widely  spreading;  umbels  few- 
flowered,  solitary  or  2-4  at  the  .summit;  peduncles 
about  equalling  the  .slender  puberulent  pedicels; 
corolla-segments  oblong,  4"-,S"  long,  deep  red; 
column  thick,  about  i"  high;  lioods  obovate  or  ob- 
long, obtuse,  orange,  2-toothed  near  the  base,  nearly 
twice  the  length  of  the  anthers  and  longer  than  the 
subulate  incurved  horn;  anther-wings  notched  at 
the  base;  fruiting  pedicels  decurved;  follicles  erect, 
minutely  puberulent,  fusiform,  about  4'  long. 

In  swamps,  .southern  New  Jersey  to  Florida  and 
Texas,  mostly  near  the  coast.  Soulliern  forms  with 
greatly  elongated  leaves  may  be  distinct.     June-.\ug. 


4.   Asclepias  rubra  L.      Red  Milkweed. 
(Fig.  2903.) 

Asclepias  riibta  I..  Sp.  PI.  217.     175^. 

.N'earlj'  glabrous  throughout;  stem  usually  sim- 
ple, i°-4°  high.  Leaves  opposite,  rather  distant, 
short-petioled,  ovate,  lanceolate  or  the  lower  some- 
times oblong,  rounded  or  subcordate  at  the  base, 
gradually'  acuminate,  rather  firm,  ^'-S'  long,  \'- 
2'  wide,  the  primary  nerves  wide-spreading;  um- 
bels 1-4,  many -flowered;  peduncles  .shorter  than 
or  e(]ualling  the  upper  leaves;  pedicels  .slender, 
downy,  ]'i'-\'  long;  corolla-segments  and  lioods 
lanceolate-oblong,  purplish  red,  or  the  hoods 
orange-red,  3"-4"  long;  horns  of  the  hoods  very 
slender,  nearly  straight;  fruiting  pedicels  deflexed, 
the  follicles  erect,  .spindle-shaped,  glabrous,  about 
4'  long. 

In  moist  soil,  New  Jersey  and  Pennsylvania  to 
Florida,  Louisiana  and  Texas.  The  plant  of  the  south- 
ern States  {A.  lauri/olia  Miehx.),  may  be  distinct. 
June-July. 


I 


Vol..  III.] 


MILKWEED  FAMILY. 


/ 


5.   Asclepias  purpuriscens  T<.     Purple 
Milkweed.     (Fiff-  2904,) 

.\ulf(>ias  /till  pii>,is(i'>is  I,.  Sp.  IM.  Ji  (.      i7,s,v 

.Stem  stout,  pulicnileiit  or  j;liil)roiis,  \isually  sim- 
ple, 2°-4°  liiK'ii  Ifafy  to  tile  top.  Lcavi-s  ovate, 
elliptic  or  oMcuik,  petioleil,  acute  or  obtuse  and 
jiUKTouulate  at  the  apex,  narrowed  or  rounded  at 
the  base,  nearly  ),'lal>rous  above,  finely  tomentose 
heiieath,  .V-S'  lonj.',  i,'i'-3'  wide,  the  primary 
nerves  very  wide-spreading;  inidiels  many-llowered, 
borne  in  several  of  the  upjier  axils,  or  sometimes  soli- 
tary; peduncles  stout;  pedicels  slender,  pubernlent, 
I'-i  'i'  long;  corolla  deep  pur])le,  its  segments  ob- 
long, about  y  long;  column  very  short  and  thick; 
hoods  oblong  or  ovate,  nearly  twice  as  long  as  the 
anthers,  pale  red  or  purple,  the  'loriis  broad  ut  the 
insertion,  short-subulate  and  incurved  at  the  apex; 
fruiting  pedicels  deliexed,  the  downy  follicles 
nearly  erect,  4'-,s'  long. 

In  dry  fields  and  thickets,  tastcni  Massachusetts  to 
VirKinia,  west  to  soullierii  ( Jiitario,  Minnesota  and  Knii 
sas,     Ascends  to  21  icKi  ft.  in  the  Calskills.    June  Auk. 


6.   Asclepias  incarnata  L. 


Swamp  Milkweed.     (Fig.  2905.) 

Asclepias  iiuai  iiala  L.  Sp.  I'l.  215.      i~Si- 

Glabrous,  or  pubernlent  above;  .stem  slender, 
branched  above,  or  rarely  simple,  2°-.t°  high, 
leafy  to  the  top.  Leaves  lanceolate  or  oblong- 
lanceolate,  acuminate  at  the  apex,  narrowed, 
obtuse  or  sometime.^  subcordate  at  the  bn.se,  3'-6' 
long,  ]i'-i}i'  wide,  the  jirimary  nerves  not 
wide-spreading;  petioles  ."/'-f/'  long;  umbels 
usually  numerous,  corymbed,  many-flowered; 
pedicels  pubescent,  5"-lo"  long;  corolla  red  or 
rose-purple,  rarely  white,  its  lobes  oblong,  about 
2"  long;  column  more  than  one-half  as  long  as 
the  obtuse  pink  or  purplish  hoods;  horns  in- 
curved, longer  than  the  hoods;  anther-wings 
entire,  or  obscurely  notched  at  the  base;  fruit- 
ing pedicels  erect  or  incurved  ;  follicles  erect, 
2'-3,'2'  long,  sparingly  pubernlent. 

In  swamps,  New  Urunswick  to  the  Northwest 
Territory,  TinnesBec,  Kansas  and  Louisiana.  As- 
cends to  3000  ft.  in  West  VirKinia.    July-Sept. 


7.    Asclepias  pulchra  VMvh.       Hairy 
Milkweed.     (Fig.  2906. ) 

Asclepias  piilcliia  Ivhrli. ;  Willd.  Sp.  I'l.  1:  1267,    I7()8. 
A.  incarnala  var.  pulchra  I'ers.  Syn.  i:  270.      1805. 

Similar  to  the  preceding  species  and  perhaps 
intergrading  with  it  where  the  two  grow  together; 
stem  stout,  tomentose-pubescent,  usually  branch- 
ed, 2°-3)2°  high,  leafy  to  the  top.  Leaves 
broadly  lanceolate,  acute,  acuminate  or  some  of 
them  obtusish  at  the  apex,  subcordate,  rounded, 
or  the  upper  narrowed  at  the  base,  pubernlent  or 
glabrous  above,  pubescent,  at  least  on  the  veins 
beneath,  3'-5'  long,  Yz'-'i'  wide;  petioles  usually 
stout  and  short;  flowers  siuiilar  to  those  of  A.  in- 
caitiala,  but  the  corolla  commonly  lighter  red  or 
pink,  rarely  white;  peduncles  and  pedicels  to- 
mentose; fruiting  pedicels  erect  or  incurved;  fol- 
licles erect,  finely  and  densely  pubescent,  2 '-3' 
long. 

In  moist  fields  and  swamps,  Maine  to  Minnesota,  south  to  Georgia, 


July-Sept. 


ASCLIM'IADACKAK. 


[Vi.r..  III. 


8.  Asclepias  Sulliv&ntii  luigelin.    Siil- 

livant's  Milkweed.  (FiR.  2907.) 
,1.  Sulliraiilii  ICiikcIiu.;  A.  Cray,  INIati  yi6.  i5<4S. 
(ilal)r(iu.H  tliroujjliout;  stem  stout,  simple,  or 
sometimes  brnnched  atxive,  2^-4"  liiK'')  leafy  to 
the  top.  Leaves  tliii'k,  sessile,  or  on  petioles 
less  tlinii  i"  loiiK,  "bloiiR  or  ovate-ohlonyj,  usu- 
ally iibtuse  and  mucroiuilate  at  the  apex,  suh- 
lordnte,  rounded  or  sli^hlly  i'laspinj»  at  the  base, 
.('-6'  lonfj;,  I'j'-,^'  wiile,  tlie  primary  nerves 
very  wide-spreadin;,';  umbels  terminal  and  some- 
times also  in  tlie  upper  axils,  many-flowered; 
peduncles  shorter  than  the  leaves;  corolta-sef;- 
meuts  oval-olilouf,',  $"-(i"  loiij;,  purplish;  col- 
umn very  short  anil  thick;  hoods  oval,  obtuse  or 
truncate,  gibbous  at  each  side  near  the  base, 
longer  than  the  anthers  and  the  sul)ulate  in- 
curved horn;  follicles  erect,  glabrous,  3'-4'  long, 
usually  with  blunt  processes  near  the  apex. 

Ill  nioiat  soil,  Oliici  t<   Minnesota,  Nebraska,  Mis- 
souri and  Kansas,    July-Sept, 

9.  Asclepias  latifdlia(Torr.)  Raf.    Broad- ,_  _.,^  /"' 

leaved  Milkweed.     (Fig.  2908.)  —    -^       ^         •--'. 

Ascli'/>ias  ohlusifi^lia  v.ir.  lali/'olhi  Torr.  Ami.  I,^•c.  X. 

Y.  a:  117,      iS3<,, 
Asile/iias  lalifolia  Raf.  .\U  Joiirn.  146,      i8,i2-,i,?, 
A.  Jamciii  Torr.  Hot,  Me.\.  Hound.  Surv.  162.  '   iS^g. 

Minutely  puberulent  when  young,  glabrous  when 
old;  stem  stout,  usually  simple,  i°-2'i''  liigh,  very 
leafy.  Leaves  very  thick,  oval  to  orliiiular,  sessile 
or  nearly  so,  commonly  broadly  emarginate  and 
uiucronulate  at  the  apex  an<l  cordate  or  subcordate 
at  the  ba.se,  4'-'i'  long  and  nearly  as  wide,  primary 
nerves  very  wide-spreading;  umbels  2-4,  many- 
flowered,  short-peduncled  in  the  upper  axils  or 
rarely  terminal;  pedicels  slender,  canescent,  nearly 
1'  long;  corolla-segments  ovate,  acute,  4"-6"  long, 
greenish;  column  short  and  thick;  hoods  truncate, 
about  e(|ualling  the  anthers,  the  horn  projecting 
from  a  short  crest  over  the  edge  of  the  stigma; 
follicles  erect  on  deflexed  pedicels,  ovoid,  acutish, 
2'-3'  long,  about  i'  thick. 

On  dry  plains,  Kansas  to  Colorado,  Texas  and  Arizona.     July-.Sept. 

10.  Asclepias  obtusifolia  Michx. 
Blunt-leaved  Milkweed.     (Fig.  2909.) 

A.  c/i/iisi/olia  Michx.  Fl.  l!or  .Vm.  i:  11,5.      i?c\v 

Nearly  glabrous,  pale  green,  somewhat  glau- 
cous; stem  stout,  erect  or  ascending,  2°-3°  high. 
Leaves  sessi  le  or  .short-petioled ,  oblong  or  ovate- 
oblong,  obtuse  and  mucronulate  at  the  apex, 
cordate-clasping  at  the  base,  3'-5'long,  i''-i>i'' 
wide;  margins  wavy-crisped;  primary  nerves 
wide-spreading;  umbel  many-flowered,  usu- 
ally solitary  on  the  long  terminal  peduncle, 
rarely  with  a  second  shorter-peduncled  one  at 
its  base;  pedicels  .slender,  downy,  about  l' 
long;  corolla-segments  oblong,  greenish-pur- 
ple, about  4"  long;  column  thick;  hoods  pink, 
nearly  truncate  and  toothed  at  the  summit, 
shorter  than  the  subulate  incurved  horn,  longer 
than  the  anthers;  follicles  erect  on  the  stout 
decurved  fruiting  pedicels,  downy,  4'-6'  long. 

In  dry  fields,  mostly  in  sandy  soil,  Maine  to 
Florida,  west  to  northern  New  York,  Minnesota, 
Kansas  and  Texas.  Ascends  to  3000  ft,  in  Virginia. 
May-Aug. 


Vol..  III.] 


MII.KWEIvI)  FAMILY 


N'.V 


•pur- 
piiik, 
iDiit, 
iiiger 
stout 
ong. 
to 
sota, 


II.  Asclepias  Meadii  Torr.     Mcad'.s  Milk- 
weed.    (  Fijj.  2910. ) 

.1,  .Vfad i i  Turr,  A.  Cray,  Mhti.  IM.  2,  Ail.l.  70).     I'^Vi. 

Nfiirly  gliihr  Ills  throiigliciit,  pnlo  ^(reen  or  glaii- 
cnusj  stem  simple,  or  rarely  liraiiched  above,  i°-2" 
liijili.  I.enves  opposite,  sessile,  Hat,  mostly  distant, 
ovate,  ovate-lniiceolate,  laiioeolate  or  the  lower  ob- 
long, acute  or  sometimes  obtuse  at  the  apex,  the 
margins  scabrous;  umbel  solitary,  terminal,  several- 
flowered,  borne  on  a  peduncle  3'-')'  long;  corolla-seg- 
ments greeni.sh  yellow,  ovate,  acute,  3"- 4"  long;  col- 
umn very  short,  thicker  than  high;  hoods  ovate,  pur- 
plish, nearly  twice  as  long  as  the  anthers,  rounded  and 
truncate  at  the  suTumit,  longer  than  the  subulate  in- 
flexed  horn,  with  a  small  tooth  at  each  side  on  the 
iinier  infolded  margin;  follicles  erect  on  decurveil 
jiedicels,  minutely  puberuleiit,  narrow,  .\'-5'  long. 

In  dry  soil,  southern  Illinois  to  Iowa,    June-Aug-. 


12.   Asclepias  exaltata  (L,.)  Muhl. 
Poke  or  Tall  Milkweed.     (Fig.  291 1.) 

A.  Syiinca  var.  c  \allala  I,.  Sp.  I'l.  V.A.  2,  v.V      ^7('2. 

Ascie/>ias  eMillula  Muhl.  Cat.  2S.      isiv  ' 

A.  />/ij/i>/aitoidrs  I'ursli    I'M.  .'\m.  Sept.  iSn.      1814. 

Nearly  glabrous  throughout,  with  two  opposite 
lines  of  pubescence  on  the  usually  simple  stem, 
,^°-6°  high.  Leaves  opposite,  thin  or  membranous, 
oval,  ovate  or  oblong,  acuminate  at  both  ends,  4'-y' 
long,  I'/i'-Y  wide,  the  lower  sometimes  obovate, 
obtuse,  shorter;  petioles  '+'"'' '""K!  peiluncles  1'- 
3'  long;  umbels  usually  several;  pedicels  slender, 
drooping  or  .spreading,  i'-2'  long,  puberuleiit;  cor- 
olla green-purple,  the  segments  ovate  or  oblong, 
obtu.sish,  3"-4"  long;  column  short;  hoods  white 
or  pink,  slightly  shorter  than  the  anthei'i,  much 
.shorter  than  the  subulate  horn,  at  the  summit  trun- 
cate and  entire  or  erose,  with  i  or  2  slender  teeth  on 
each  of  the  inner  margins;  follicles  erect  on  the  de- 
flexed  pedicels,  downy,  long-acuminate,  4'-6'  long. 
In  thickets  and  woods,  Maine  to  Minnesota,  Georgia  and  Missouri.  Ascends  to  55110  ft.  in  North 
Carolina.     Juia-Auij. 

13.   Asclepias  variegata  L. 

Asclepias  :'an'ef;ala  I,.  Sp.  PI.  217.      1753. 

Stem  glabrous  below,  pubescent  above  when 
young,  simple,  i°-3°  high.  Leaves  opposite, 
thick,  oval,  ovate,  oblong  or  the  lower  somewhat 
obovate,  obtuse  and  cuspidate  or  acutish  at  the 
apex,  narrowed  or  rounded  at  the  base,  dark 
green  above,  pale  beneath,  3'-6'  long,  i'-3'  wide, 
the  middle  ones  sometimes  verticillate  in  4's; 
petioles  t,"-\i"  long;  umbels  1-4,  terminal,  or 
rarely  i  or  2  in  the  upper  axils,  densely  many- 
flowered;  peduncles  i'-2''  long;  pedicels  %'-i%' 
long,  erect  or  ascending,  usually  densely  puberu- 
leiit; corolla-segments  ovate  or  oval,  about  3" 
long,  white,  or  purple  near  the  ba.se;  column 
very  short  and  thick,  purplish;  hoods  globose- 
obovoid,  obtuse,  spreading,  longer  than  the  an- 
thers, about  equalling  the  semi-lunate  horizon- 
tally pointed  horn;  follicles  downy,  erect  on  the 
deflexed  fruiting  pedicels,  4'-5'  long. 

In  dry  woods  or  thickets,  Connecticut,  southern 
New  York  to  Illinois,  south  to  Florida,  Arkansas 
and  Louisiana.    June-July. 


White  Milkweed.     (Fig.  2912.) 


ASCLF.riADACKAE. 


[Vol,.  Ill, 


14.    Asclepias  quadrifdlia  Jacq. 
Four-leaved  Milkweed.     (Fig.  2913.) 

.!.  tiiiadn'/olia  Jacq.  Obs.  Part  2,  S.  pi.  jj.      1767. 

Stem  .slender,  .simple,  i  '-2°  liij,'li,  usually  leaf- 
less below.  Leaves  thin,  sparingly  pubescent 
on  the  veins  beneath,  ovate  to  lanceolate,  2'-6' 
long,  Yi'-ili'  wide,  acute  or  acuminate,  nar- 
rowed or  rounded  at  the  ba.se,  f)r  the  lowe.st  pair 
much  smaller,  ohovate  and  obtuse,  the  upper 
and  lower  opposite,  the  middle  ones  usually 
verticillate  in  4's;  umbels  1-4,  terminal,  or 
rarely  in  the  upper  a.xils;  peduncles  slender, 
)'i'-2^'i'  'ong;  pedicels  about  \'  long;  corolla 
pink  or  nearly  white,  its  lobes  lanceolate-ob- 
long, 2"-5"  long;  column  short;  hoods  white, 
obtuse  at  the  ape.K,  broadly  2-toothed  above  the 
base,  twice  as  long  as  the  anthers  and  the 
incurved  horn;  follicles  erect  on  the  erect  fruit- 
ing pedicels,  3'-5'  long,  glabrous. 

Wodd-i  anil  thickets,  Maine  and  Ontario  to  Min- 
nesota, North  Carolina  and  Arkansas.     May-July. 

15,    Asclepias  Syriaca  L.      Common 
Milkweed.     Silkweed.     (Fig.  2914.) 

Asclepias  Syiiaca  I,,  Sp.  I'l.  214.       I75,v 

Asclepias  Co  I  nil  I  i  Dec.  in  DC.  I'nulr.  8:  564.      i>(4. 

Stem  stout,  usually  simple,  3°-5°  high,  finely 
pubescent  at  least  above.  Leaves  oblong,  oval  or 
ovate,  den.sely  pubescent  beneath,  soon  glabrous 
above,  acute  or  obtuse  and  cuspidate  at  the  apex, 
obtuse,  narrowed  or  subcordate  at  the  base,  4'-9' 
long,  2'-4/2''  wide,  the  primary  nerves  wide- 
spreading;  petioles  stout,  3"-.S"  long;  umbels 
several  or  numerous;  peduncles  pul)escent  or 
tomentose,  lyi'-j'/i'  long;  pedicels  i'-2'  long; 
corolla  green-purple,  its  segments  oblong-lanceo- 
late, 3"-4"  long;  column  short  and  thick,  the 
hoods  ovate-lanceolate  with  a  tooth  on  each  side, 
longer  than  the  anthers  and  the  incurved  horn; 
follicles  3'-5'  long,  erect  on  recurved  pedicels, 
tomentose  and  covered  with  short  soft  processes. 

In  fields  and  wa.ste  places.  New  lirunswick  to  the 
Northwest  Territory,  south  to  North  Carolina  and 
Kansas.    Leaves  rarely  lanceolate.   Jnne-.\uK. 

16.  Asclepias  speciosa  Torr.     Showy 
Milkweed.     (Fig.  2915.) 

Asclepias  specicsa  Torr.  .\nn.  I.yc.  N.  Y  2:  21S.     1S26. 
.').  Doiiglasii  Hook,  V\.  Hor.  .\\\\.  2:  .s.i.   pi.  /■;.'.       iS_^4. 

White-tomentose  or  cancscent  all  over,  or  gla- 
brate  below,  pale;  stem  simple,  stout,  l°-2>2° 
high.  Leaves  thick,  broadly  ovate  or  oval,  obtuse 
and  cuspidate  or  acute  at  the  apex,  subcordate, 
rounded  or  narrowed  at  the  base,  petioled,  3'-8' 
long,  2'-4'  wide;  peduncles  1 '-3'  long;  umbels 
several  or  rarely  solitary,  many-flowered;  pedicels 
stout,  9"-iS"  long;  corolla  purple-green,  its  seg- 
ments oblong  or  ovate-oblong,  4"-6"  long,  tomen- 
tose on  the  outer  face;  column  very  short  or  none; 
hoods  lanceolate,  5"-7"  long,  obtusish,  expanded 
and  with  2  blunt  teeth  below,  the  apex  ligulate, 
5-7  times  as  long  as  the  anthers;  horn  short,  in- 
flexed;  follicles  erect  or  spreading  on  the  recurved 
fruiting  pedicels,  3'-4'  long,  densely  woolly 
and  covered  with  soft  spinose  processes. 

In  moist  soil,  Minnesota  to  British  Columbia,  south 
to  Kansas,  Utah  and  California.     May-July. 


^rA 


m 


■*.  1S26. 

or  gla- 

il,  obtuse 
xirdate, 
le.l,  3'-8' 
umbels 
pedicels 
its  seg- 
;,  totiien- 
or  none; 
xpauded 
ligulate, 
ihort,  in- 
recurved 
woolly 

)ia,  south 


IMILKWKED  FAMILY. 
Asclepias  arenaria  Torr.     Sand  Milkweed 

Hot.  Mex.  Boutul.  Surv. 


Vol..  III.] 

17- 

Asclefiiaa  avenaria  Torr, 
I'lj.      1S59. 

Densely  tonientose-canescent  all  over,  stems 
simple,  ascending  or  erect,  stout,  i''-2^  '''kI'' 
Leaves  obovate  or  oval,  wavy-margined,  thick, 
obtuse  or  retuse  and  cuspidate  at  the  apex,  trun- 
cate, suhcordate,  obtuse,  or  rarely  some  of  them 
narrowed  at  the  base,  i'--\'  long,  \%'-\'  wide, 
the  angle  of  the  primary  nervation  broad;  um- 
bels densely  many-flowered,  short -peduncled  or 
sessile;  corolla  greenish-white,  its  segments 
oval-oblong,  i,"-^"  long;  column  \"-%"  high; 
hoods  oblong,  truncate  at  each  end,  oblique  at 
the  apex,  longer  than  the  anthers,  with  a  broad 
tooth  on  each  side  within;  horn  semi-lunate  with 
an  abruptly  incurved  subulate  apex;  follicles 
puberulent,  4'-5'  long,  erect  on  the  decurved 
fruiting  pedicels. 

'  On  sand  bars  and  liills  along  rivers,  Nebraska  and 
Colorado  to  Mexico  and  New  JIe\ieo.     June-.Sept. 


18. 


II 


Asclepias  ovalifolia  Dec.     Oval- 
leaved  Milkwort.     (Fig.  2917.) 

Ascli'fiias oz'ali/olia  Dec.  in  DC.  Prodr.  8:  ^G-.  iS)(. 
I''inely  tomentose  all  over;  stem  simple,  usually 
slender,  erect,  io'-2°  high.  Leaves  oval,  ovate, 
oblong  or  ovate-lanceolate,  acut^'  or  obtuse  and 
mucronulate  at  the  apex,  rounded  or  narrowed  at 
the  ba.se,  2'-3''  long,  N'-i/'i'  wide,  short-petioled, 
the  upper  surfaces  becoming  glabrate  at  maturity; 
umbels  solitary  or  few,  many-llowered;  peduncles 
short;  corolla  greenish-white  or  purplish,  its  seg- 
ments ovate-oblong,  obtuse,  2"-^"  long;  column 
very  short;  h(M)ds  oval-oblong,  nearly  twice  as 
long  as  the  anthers,  bearing  a  large  acute  tooth  on 
each  of  the  inner  margins;  horn  subulate,  in- 
curved over  tlie  stigma;  follicles  ascending  on  the 
reflexed  fruiting  pedicels,  pubescent. 

In  woods  and  on   prairies,  Illinois  to  Minnesota, 
Manitoba  and  the  Northwest  Territorj-.    June  July. 


19.  Asclepias  brachystephana  Engelm. 
Short-crowned  Milkweed.     (Fig.  29 iS.) 

Asi/r/>ias  h/ar/iystefi/iaiia  Engelni,;  Torr,  Hot.  Mex. 
Hound.  Surv.  103.     iS.sy. 

Puberulent  when  young,  soon  glabrate;  stems 
clustered,  often  branched,  spreading  or  ascend- 
ing, 6'~i2'  long.  Leaves  mostly  opposite,  lance- 
olate or  linear-lanceolate,  thick,  long-acuminate 
at  the  apex,  rounded,  subcordate  or  narrowed  at 
the  base,  2'-,s'  long,  2"-6"  wide,  or  the  lowe.st 
shorter;  petioles  i''-4"  long;  umbels  several,  ter- 
minal and  axillary,  few-flowered;  peduncles  short; 
pedicrls  densely  woolly,  equalling  or  longer  than 
the  peduncles;  corolla  greenish-purple,  its  seg- 
ments about  2"  long;  column  very  short  or  none; 
hoods  ovate,  obtu.se,  shorter  than  the  anthers,  the 
short  erect-incurved  horn  slightly  exserted;  fol- 
licles erect  on  the  spreading  or  decurved  fruiting 
pedicels,  downy  or  hoary,  acuminate,  2'-3J.2''  long. 

In  dry  soil.  Kansas  (according  to  H.  B.  Smyth), 
Wyoming  to  Texas,  .Vrizona  and  Mexico.    June-Aug. 


12 


ASCLEPIADACEAE. 


[Vol.  III. 


20.    Asclepias  per^nnis  Walt.      Thin- 
leaved  Milkweed.     (Fig.  2919.) 

Asdepias  furennisViaW..  V\.  Car.  107.      17SS. 

I'uberulent  above,  ),'labrous  below;  stem  slen- 
der, simple  or  branched,  erect,  sometimes 
slightly  woody  at  the  base,  i°-3°  high.  Leaves 
thin,  opposite,  lanceolate,  oblong  or  ovate- 
lanceolate,  slender-petioled,  acuminate  or  acute 
at  both  ends,  2'-6'  long,  ^i'-\'  wide,  glabrous 
or  very  nearly  so;  innbels  solitarj',  or  several 
and  corymbose;  peduncles  i'-2'  long;  pedicels 
very  slender,  }i'-i'  long;  flowers  very  small, 
white;  corolla-segments  oblong,  i^'-z"  long; 
column  about  }i"  high;  li'  ods  oval,  erect,  en- 
tire, about  as  long  as  the  anthers,  shorter  than 
the  subulate-filiform  incurved  horn;  follicles 
glabrous,  erect  on  the  erect  fruiting  pedicels; 
seeds  •,"-6"  long,  i'i"-4'/2"  wide,  very  thin, 
destitute' of  coma. 

On  riversliores  and  in  wet  places,  North  Carolina 
to  southern  Illinois  and  Missouri,  .south  to  Florida 
and  Texas.     May-.\ug. 


21.    Asclepias  verticillata  L,.     Whorled 
Milkweed.     (Fig.  2920.) 

Asclt'/^ias  vcilicillala  I..  Sp.  ri.  317.      175,?. 

Roots  fascicled ;  stem  slender,  .simple  or  branched, 
pubescent  in  lines  at  lea.st  above,  very  leafy,  i°- 
2, ''2°  high.  Leaves  narrowly  linear,  sessile,  verti- 
cillate  in  3's-7's  or  .some  of  them  alternate,  gla- 
brous or  very  nearly  so,  their  margins  narrowly 
revolute;  umbels  usually  numerous,  many-flow- 
ered; peduncles  slender,  'i'-i/s'  long;  pedicels 
almo.st  filiform,  shorter  than  the  peduncles;  cor- 
olla greenish  white,  its  segments  oblong,  \%"-2" 
long;  column  about  "i"  high;  hoods  white,  ob- 
long, entire,  about  equalling  the  anthers,  much 
shorter  than  the  subulate  incurved  horn;  follicles 
erect  on  the  erect  fruiting  pedicels,  narrowly 
spindle-shaped,  glabrous,  2'-3'  long. 

In  dry  fields  and  on  hills.  JIaine  and  southern  On- 
tario to  the  Northwest  Territory,  south  to  Florida. 
Mexico  and  New  Me.xico.     July-Sept. 


22.  Asclepias  pumila  (A.  Gray)  Vail. 
Low  Milkweed.     (Fig.  2921.) 

Asclefiias  zerlicillala  var.  pumila  \.  Gray,  Proc. 
kwi.  Acad.  12;  71.       1S76. 

Stems  4'-io'  high,  tufted  from  a  woody 
root.  Leaves  very  numerous,  crowded,  some- 
times obscurely  whorled,  filiform-linear,  I'-z' 
long,  smooth  or  minutely  roughened,  the  mar- 
gins revolute;  umbels  2-several,  short-pedun- 
cled,  few-flowered;  pedicels  filiform,  puberu- 
lent,  3"-4"  long;  corolla  greenish  white,  its 
segments  oblong,  i,'/2"-2"  long;  column  short; 
hoods  white,  erect,  oblong,  entire,  equalling 
the  anthers,  shorter  than  the  slender  incurved 
horn;  follicles  erect  on  erect  fruiting  pedicels, 
narrowly  .spindle-shaped,  i,''2'-2'  long,  finely 
puberulent. 

Dry  plains,  South  Dakota  to  Arkansas,  Colo- 
rado and  New  Mexico. 


Vol.  III.] 


MILKWEED  FAMILY. 


13 


2.   ASCLEPIODORA  A.  Gray,  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  12:  66.      1876. 

Krect  or  decuuibent  perennial  herbs,  similar  to  .hclepias,  with  alternate  or  opposite  en- 
tire leaves,  and  rather  large  flowers  in  terniiiml  solitary  or  corynibed  umbels.  vSepals 
lanceolate.  Corolla  rotate,  its  segments  spreading.  Hoods  oblong,  inserted  over  the  whole 
of  the  very  short  corona-column,  curved  upward,  obtuse,  crested  within,  at  least  in  the  up- 
per part,  slightly  longer  than  the  anther;  at  the  sinuses  between  the  hoods  a  small  lobe  or 
appendage,  alternate  with  the  anther-wings,  simulating  an  inner  crown.  Anthers  tipped 
with  a  scarious  membrane,  their  wings  horny,  narrowed  below,  sometimes  angled  above  the 
middle.  I'ollen-masses  pendulous,  pyriform,  longer  than  their  caudicles.  I'oUicIes  ovoid 
or  oblong,  acuminate,  with  or  without  soft  spinose  processes,  erect  or  ascending  on  the  de- 
curved  or  twice  bent  fruiting  pedicels.    Seeds  comose.     [Greek,  gift  of  AEsculapiu.s.] 

KivL-  or  six  species,  natives  of  the  southern  United  States  and  Mexico, 
(.'ilabrous  or  nearly  so;  leaves  oblong  to  ovate-lanceolate;  umbels  usually  more  than  one,  corymbose. 

I.  A.  find  IS. 
Stem  rouithpuberulent;  leaves  lanceolate  or  linear,  acuminate;  umbels  solitary.    ;.  A.  deci(»ihe>is. 

I.  Asclepiodora  viridis  (Walt.)  A.Gr.   Oblong-leaved  Milkweed.   (Fig.  2922.) 

Asc!ef>ias  viridis  Walt.  l-\.  Car.  U)7._    17S.S. 


.Isc/i'piodora 
Acad.  12:  66. 


'iridis 
1 8-') 


.v.    Gray,     Proc.   Am. 


Stem  erect,  glabrous  or  puberulent  above, 
rather  stout,  simple,  i"-2°  high.  Leaves 
oblong  to  ovate-lanceolate,  rather  thin,  ob- 
tuse and  mucronu'ate  or  acute  at  the  apex, 
narrowed  or  rounded  at  the  base,  short-peti- 
oled,  2'i'-5'  long,  Jz'-i'i'  wide;  umbels  2- 
4,  or  sometimes  solitary;  peduncles  l'j'-2' 
long;  pedicels  slender,  about  li'  long;  co- 
rolla globose  ovoid  in  the  bud,  greenish,  its 
.segments,  when  expanded,  oblong,  obtuse  or 
acute,  4"-6'''  long,  2-3  limes  as  long  as  the 
purplish  or  violet  entire-margined  hoods; 
anther- wings  narrow,  scarce!}'  angled  above; 
fruiting  pedicels  twice  bent;  follicles  ascend- 
ing, puberulent,  a'-j'  long,  sometimes  with 
.soft  spinose  projections. 

In  dry  soil,  Illinois  and  Kansas  to  Texas, 
east  to  .South  Carolina  and  Florida.     May-July. 


2.   Asclepiodora  decumbens 
( Xutt. )  A.  Gray.     Decumbent  Milk- 
weed.    (Fig.  2923.) 

Aiiaiilhrixdecu»ibcns  Xutt.  Trans.  \n\.  Phil. 

Sec.  ai.)S:  2i'2-      iS.U-."- 
Asclepiodora  decumbens  A.  Gray,   Proc.  .\m. 
Acad,  12:  66.     1S76. 

Stems  decumbent  or  ascending,  rough- 
puberulent,  rather  stout,  io'-2°  long. 
Leaves  firm,  lanceolate  or  linear-lanceolate, 
glabrous  above,  puberulent,  at  least  on  the 
veins,  beneath,  acuminate  at  the  apex, 
narrowed  at  the  base,  3'-"'  long,  2"-^" 
wide;  umbel  solitary,  many-flowered;  pe- 
duncle I '-5'  long;  pedicels  rather  ..out, 
}4'-i'  long;  corolla  depre.ssed-globose  in 
the  bud,  greenish,  its  segments,  when  ex- 
panded, ovate  or  broadly  oval,  somewhat 
longer  than  the  hoods;  hoods  purple,  ob- 
tusely 3-lobed  on  the  ventral  margins, 
about  3"  long,  their  tips  incurved;  anther-wings  broad,  angled  above;  follicles  nearly  erect 
on  the  recurved  fruiting  pedicels,  3'-4'  long,  puberulent,  at  least  when  young,  with  or 
without  soft  projections. 

In  dry  soil,  Kansas,  to  Texas  and  Mexico,  west  to  Utah  and  New  Mexico.    April-June. 


14 


ASCLEPIADACEAE. 


[Vol,.  III. 


3,    ACERATES  Ell.  Bot.  S.  C.  &  Ga.  i:  316.       1817. 

Pereiiiiial  herbs,  similar  to  .Isiifpias,  with  alternate  or  opposite  thick  leaves,  and  jjreeit 
or  purplish  flowers  in  terminal  or  axillary  and  sliort-peduncled  or  sessile  umbels.  Calyx 
5-parted  or  5-divided,  the  segments  acute,  glandular  within.  Corolla  deeply  5-cleft,  the  seg- 
ments valvate,  retle.xed  in  anthesis.  Corona-column  very  short.  Corona  of  5  involute-con- 
cave or  somewhat  pitcher-shaped  hoods,  neither  horned  nor  crested  within  or  in  one  species 
having  a  small  interior  crest  and  usually  a  few  small  processes  at  the  base  of  the  anther- 
wings,  forming  an  obscure  inner  crown.  Pollen-masses  solitaiy  in  each  sac,  oblong,  pendu- 
lous.    Stigma  5-lobed,     [Greek,  without  horn,  referring  to  the  crown.] 

.\boul  7  rpcrics,  natives  of  North  America. 
Umbels  sessile,  or  very  nearly  so,  mostly  axillary. 

Leaves  oval  to  linear;  hoods  entire  at  the  ape.\. 

I.taves  narrowly  linear;  hoods  3  toothed. 
I'nihels,  aX  least  the  lower,  distinctly  peduncled. 

Plants  glabrous,  or  nearly  so;  umbels  usually  several;  leaves  narrow. 
Hoods  (ibliise,  entire;  cohnnn  'i"  long;  stem  rouRliish  puberulent. 
lloods  einarRinate;  colunni  very  slioit;  stem  glabrous. 

Plant  hirsute;  umbel  solitary,  terminal;  leaves  ovate  to  oblong. 


1.  A.  Z'ii  idijlora. 

2.  .1.  angiisli/olia. 


3.  .1.  Floriilaiia. 

4.  .(.  aun'cu/a/a. 

5.  .1.  /anii,i;iitosa. 


I.   Acerates  viridifldra  (Raf. )  Katon. 


Green  Milkweed. 


(Fig.  2924.) 

Asclepias  ziridifloia  Raf.  Med.  Rep.  ( II. )  5: 360.  1S08. 
Atftalfs  viridijlota  Ivaton,  Man.  lul.  5,  90.      i.~>2y. 

Puberulent  or  tomentulose,  at  least  when  young; 
stems  simple,  reclined  or  ascending,  rather  stiff, 
i°-3°  hi,i;li.  Leaves  slightly  rough,  alternate  or 
opposite,  thick,  oval,  oblong  or  ovate,  i'-3'  long, 
,''2'-2'  wide,  short-petioled,  the  margins  usually 
undulate;  umbels  several,  or  rarely  solitary,  axil- 
lary, densely  many-flowered,  se.ssile  or  very  nearly 
-so;  pedicels  very  slender,  tomentose,  \"-^"  long; 
OvT^\^'^J^  X'/^ky  xStl^liil  \lffl  flowers  green;  corolla-segments  narrowly  oblong, 
■     '  A\    .  /    •,  \l:    -  »;/    ill       2"-y,"  long;  column  very  short  or  none;  hoods 

lanceolate-oblong,  obtuse,  minutely  2-auricled  at 
the  base;  mass  of  anthers  longer  than  thick;  an- 
ther-wings tapering  below,  semi-rhomboid  above; 
follicles  puberulent,  I'-i,'  long. 

In  dry,  sandy  or  rocky  soil,  Massachusetts  to  south- 
ern Ontario  and  the  Northwest  Territory,  south  to 
Plorida  and  Texas.     June-Sept. 

A.  viridiflora  Ivesii  Hritton.  Mem.Torr.Club,  5:  2''),s  i.'>n4. 
Asdeftias  lanccolala    Ivcp,   Am.   Journ.   Sci.  x:  252. 

1S19.     Not  Walt.  17S8. 
Acciales  viiidijloa  var.  lanccolala  A.  llray,  Syn.  Fl. 
2:  Part  i,  yq.      1S7S. 
Leaves  lanceolate  or  oblong-lanceolate,  a'-.s'  long,  \"-i"  wide.     Range  of  the  type,  often  with  it. 

Acerates  viridiflora  lineari     A.  lUay,  Syn.  Fl.  2:  Part,  i,  99.      1.S78. 
Leaves  elongated  linear;  stem  low;  unUiels  often  solitary.     Minnesota  and  Manitoba  to  the 
Northwest  Territory,  Louisiana  and  New  Mexico. 

2.    Acerates  angustifdlia  (Ntitt.)  Dec. 
Narrow-leaved  Milkweed.   (Fig.  2925.) 

Polvolus  anauslifolius  Nutt.  Trans.  Am.  Phil.  Soc. 

Cl I.;  5:201.      ii^ii-x;. 
A.  ani^uslifolia  Dec.  in  DC.  Prodr.  8:^22.      1844. 
Asclepias  slenopliytla  A.  Gray,  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  12: 

72.      1876. 

Stems  mostly  several  together,  erect,  straight, 
l°-2°  high,  puberident  above,  glabrate  below. 
Leaves  opposite,  or  some  of  the  lower  alternate, 
sessile,  narrowly  linear,  2'-$'  long,  glabrous,  the 
revolute  margins  and  the  thick  midvein  rough 
beneath;  umbels  io-i5-flowered,  short-pedun- 
cled  or  subsessile,  axillary,  usually  numerous; 
pedicels  puberulent;  corolla-segments  oblong, 
greenish;  hoods  white,  not  exceeding  the  an- 
thers, 3-toothed  at  the  apex,  the  acute  middle 
tooth  merely  a  prolongation  of  the  thickened 
crest-like  midvein,  shorter  than  the  obtuse  lat- 
eral ones;  anther- wings  notched  at  about  the  mid- 
dle; follicles  slender,  erect,  about  3' long  ormore. 

On  dry  plains,  Nebraska  and  Colorado  to  Texas. 


Vol.  III.] 


MILKWEED   FAMILY, 


3.  Acerates  Florid^na  (Lam.)  Hitchc. 
Florida  Milkweed.     (Fig.  2926.) 

A^r/fpias  rioiidiiiia  I.aiii.  ICiicycl.  i:  284.      1783. 
Aciiales  lon^ifolia  VA\.  Hot.  S.  C.  &  Ga.  l:  317. 

1817. 
Acerales    Floiiiiana    A.   S.    Hitchc.    Trans.    St. 

r.ouis  .\c.-i(l.  5:  ,SikS.      1891. 

Roufjh-puberulent;  stetns  slender,  simple  or 
little  branched,  erect  or  ascending,  l"-,^"^  I'igli. 
Leaves  linear  or  rarely  linear-lanceolate,  acute 
or  acuminate,  short-petioled,  2'-S'  long,  i,'^"- 
6"  wide,  commonly  rough-ciliolate  on  the  mar- 
gins and  midrib;  mnbels  several  or  .solitary, 
peduncled,  usually  many-flowered;  peduncles 
3"-i3"  long;  pedicels  slender,  hirsute,  J^'-i' 
long;  corolla  greenish  white,  its  segments  nar- 
rowly oblong,  about  2"  long;  column  short  but 
distinct;  hoods  oblong,  obtuse,  entire,  sliorter 
than  the  antliers;  anther-wings  narrowed  to  the 
base;  follicles  densely  puberulent,  4'-5'  long. 

In  moist  soil,  Ohio  to  southern  Ontario  and  Min- 
nesota, south  to  North  Carolina,  I'loiida  and  Texas. 
June-Sept. 

4.   Acerates  auriculata  Kngelin. 


Auricled  Milkweed.     (Fig.  2927.) 

Acerates  ainiciilata  I'higelni.  Hot.  Mex.  Hound. 

Surv.  161).      185c), 
Asi/e/>ias  an n'culala  Holzinger,   Hot.  Gaz.   17: 

125.       lSg2. 

Stem  glabrous,  often  glaucous,  sinuous 
above,  rarely  branched  below,  usually  stout, 
i°-,^°  high.  Leaves  narrowly  linear,  gla- 
brous, short-petioled,  ;/-8'  long,  Yz"-2yz" 
wide,  becoming  leather)-,  the  rough  mar- 
gins not  revolute;  umbels  conmionly  .several, 
den.sely  many-flowered,  peduncled;  pedun- 
cels  2"-i'  long,  pubescent;  jiedicels  slender, 
pubescent ;  flowers  greenish  white  tinged  with 
dull  purple;  coiolla-segments  oblong,  2"- 
2j'2'"Iong;  column  short,  but  distinct;  hoods 
yellow,  often  with  a  purplish  keel,  entire,  or 
emarginately  truncate  at  the  apex,  not  ex- 
ceeding the  anthers,  tlie  involute  margins 
spreading  at  the  base  into  broad  auricles; 
follicle.s  2'-3'  long,  curved. 

In  dry  soil,  Nebraska  and  Colorado  to  Texas 
and  New  Jlexico,    June-Sept. 


5.   Acerates  lanugindsa    (Niitt.)  Dec. 
Woolly  Milkweed.     (Fig.  2928.) 

Asi/epias  /iiiitijT-iiiosa  'Sutt.  Gen.  i:  16S.  1S18. 
Acernles  lanuginosa  Dec.  in  DC.  Proilr.  8:  523.  184  (. 
Hirsute  all  over;  stems  erect,  .slender,  simple, 
6'-iS'  high.  Leaves  oblong,  ovate-lanceolate 
or  lanceolate,  obtuse  at  the  apex,  narrowed  or 
rounded  at  the  ba.se,  short-petioled,  i'--\'  long, 
4"-i,5'"  wide;  umbel  .solitary,  terminal,  densely 
many-flowered,  peduncled;  peduncle  stout, 
densely  hirsute,  >^'-ij4' long;  pedicels  slender, 
pubei  dent  or  hirsute;  corolla  greenish,  its  seg- 
ments oblong,  about  2^"  long;  column  none; 
hoods  purplish,  oblong,  obtuse,  entire,  with  a  flat 
fold  or  auricle  on  the  infolded  lower  ventral 
margins,  shorter  than  the  atithers;  anther-wings 
broadest  below  the  middle. 

On  prairies,  northern  Illinois  to  Minnesota  and 
Wyonungr.    June-Aug. 


i6 


ASCLEPIADACEAE. 


[Vol..  III. 


1894. 


4.   AMPELANUS  Raf.;  Britton,  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  ai:  314. 
[Ensi.kma  Nutt.  Gen.  i;  164.      iSiS.     Not  Raf.  1S17.] 

Perennial  twining  herbaceous  vines,  with  petioled  opposite  cordate  thin  leave.i,  and  small 
■whitish  flowers  in  axillary  peduncled  cymes.  Calyx  5-parted,  minutely  glandular  within, 
the  segments  lanceolate.  Corolla  campanulate,  deeply  5-cleft,  the  lobes  slightly  contorted, 
nearly  erect.  Crown  nearly  sessile,  of  5  membranous  truncate  lobes,  each  appendaged  by  a 
simple  or  2-cleft  awn.  Stamens  inserted  at  the  base  of  the  corolla,  the  filaments  connate 
into  a  short  tube;  anthers  terminated  by  an  inflexed  membrane;  pollen-masses  solitary  in 
each  sac,  ellipsoid,  pendulous.  Stigma  conic,  slightly  2-lobed.  Follicles  thick,  acuminate. 
Seeds  comose.     [Cireek,  vine-like.] 

Tliree  species,  natives  of  AniiTica.  i^W 

I.   Ampelanus  albidus  (Nutt.)  Britton. 
Sand  Vine.     (Fig.  2929.) 

Enslcitia  albida  Nutt.  (U-n.  i;  164.      iSiS. 

A.  atbidus  Britton.  Dull.  Torr.  Club,  Ji:  ;,I4.      1804. 

Stem  sparingly  puberulent,  at  least  above,  high- 
climbing,  slender.  Leaves  slender-petioled, ovate, 
gradually  acuminate,  deeply  cordate,  palmately 
veined,  glabrous  or  very  nearly  so,  entire,  3'-;' 
long,  ili'-h'  wide;  petioles  I '-4'  long;  cymes 
usually  numerous,  rather  densely  flowered;  pe- 
duncles stout,  y-2'  long;  flowers  2''-y'  long; 
corolla-segments  lanceolate,  acute,  about  twice  as 
long  as  those  of  the  calyx  and  slightly  exceeding 
the  2  cleft  awns  of  the  corona-lobes;  follicles 
erect  on  the  ascending  fruiting  pedicels,  4'-6' 
long,  glabrous  when  mature. 

Alonn  river-banks  anil  in  thickets,  southern  Penn- 
sylvania to  Illinois  and  Kansas,  south  to  Florida  and 
Texas.    Junc-Aug. 

5.  CYNANCHUM  L.  Sp.  PI.  212.  1753. 
[ViNCKToxicuM  Moench,  Meth.  717.  1794.  Not  \Valt.  17S.S.  ] 
Perennial  twining  herbaceous  or  slightly  woody  vines  (some  species  erect  herbs),  with 
opposite  or  rarely  verticillate  or  alternate  leaves,  and  sm.ill  yellowish  green  or  purplish  flow- 
ers in  axillary  cymes.  Calyx  5-parted,  minutely  glandular  within.  Corolla  rotate,  deeply 
5-cleft,  the  segments  spreading,  somewhat  twisted.  Crown  cup-like,  entire,  5-lobed  or 
5-parted,  the  lobes  not  appendaged.  Stamens  attached  to  the  base  of  the  corolla,  their  fda- 
nients  connate  into  a  tube;  anthers  appendaged  by  an  inflexed  membrane.  Pollen-masses 
solitary  in  each  sac,  pendulous.  Stigma  flat  or  conic.  Follicles  acuminate,  glabrous. 
Seeds  comose.     [Greek,  dog-strangling,  alluding  to  its  poisonous  qualities.] 

.■\bout  100  species,  natives  of  warm  and  temperate 
regions  of  bcth  the  Old  World  and  the  New.  lie- 
sides  the  following,  2  native  species  occur  in  the 
southeastern  I'nited  States. 

I.    Cynanchum  nigrum  (L.)  Pers. 
Black  Swallow-wort.     (Fig.  2930.) 

Asclepias  nigra  I..  Sp.  PI.  216.      175^. 
I'iiutloxiciiin  iiigpiim  Moench,  Meth.  ,^7.     1794. 
Cjuanc/ium  nigrum  Pers.  Syn.  i:  274.     1805. 

Twining,  or  at  first  erect,  stem  slightly  puber- 
ulent, slender,  2°-5°  high.  Leaves  ovate  or 
ovate-lanceolate,  entire,  thin,  acuminate  at  the 
apex,  rounded  at  the  base,  pinnately  veined, 
petioled,  2'-5'  long,  yi'-2^i'  -wide,  glabrous,  or 
puberulent  beneath;  petioles  2"-i2"  long;  ped- 
icels il^''-^,"  long;  flowers  dark  purple,  about 
2>2"  broad;  crown  fleshy,  5-lobed;  follicles  on 
nearly  straight  fruiting  pedicels,  about  2'  long, 
glabrous. 

In  waste  places,  escaped  from  gardens,  Massa- 
chusetts to  Pennsylvania  and  Ohio.  Introduced 
from  Europe.    June-Sept. 


Vol..  III.] 


MILKWHHD  FAMIIA'. 


17 


Pers. 
f930.) 

RI7-     1794- 
t8o5. 

Ily  puber- 

1  ovate   or 

|te  at  the 

'  veined, 
Ibrous,  or 
Ing;  ped- 
lle,  about 

llicles  on 
2'  long, 

Massa- 
Itroduced 


^ 


6.  VINCETOXICUM  Walt.  FI.  Car.  104.  1788. 
[GoNOLonus  Michx.  Fl.  Bor.  Am.  i:  119.  1S03.] 
Twining  or  trailing  perennial  vines,  with  opposite  usually  cordate  leaves,  and  rather 
large  purple  brown  white  or  greenish  flowers  in  axill.iry  umbel-like  cymes  or  fascicles. 
Calyx  5-parted  or  deeply  5-cleft,  mostlj"  s-glandular  within.  Corolla  rotate,  very  deeply  5- 
parted,  the  lube  very  short,  the  segments  convolute  in  the  bud.  Corona  (crown)  annular 
or  cup-shaped,  entire,  lobcd  or  divided,  adnatc  to  the  corolla.  Stamens  inserted  on  the  base 
of  the  corolla,  the  filaments  connate  into  a  lube;  anthers  not  appendagcd,  merely  tipped, 
borne  along  or  just  under  the  margin  of  tlie  flat-topped  stigma,  tlie  sacs  more  or  less  trans- 
versely deliiscent.  Pollen-masses  solitary  in  each  sac,  horizontal  or  nearly  so.  Follicles 
thick,  acuminate,  smooth,  angled  or  tubcrculate.  Seeds  comose.  [Greek,  subduing 
poison.] 

.\b(nit  r.i  species,  natives  of  .America,     licsidcs  the  folluwins,  some  10  others  occur  in  the 
SduUR-ni  iinil  southwestern  Inited  .States. 
Crown  annular,  locrenatc:  follicles  angled,  not  warty. 

Corolla  about  twict'  as  lonR  as  the  caly.N.  i.    f '.  subiiosiim. 

Corolla  ,v(  limes  as  long  as  the  calyx.  2.    /'.  gonocarpos. 

Crown  Clip-shaped,  about  as  hiKli  as  the  anthers;  follicles  warty. 
Flowers  purple  to  dull  yellow. 

Coroilasegnients  oblonsf,  ,V'~.t"  lonp.  ,^.    V.  Iiirsulitni. 

Corolla  segments  linear  or  linear-oblong,  5"-7"  Uh't. 

Crown  merely  crenate.  4.    I',  obliqutini. 

Crown  tootlieil  or  lobed. 

Crown  5  lobed,  with  a  subulate  2cleft  tooth  in  each  sinus, 
Crown  III  toothed,  tlie  alternate  teeth  thinner  and  longer. 
Flowers  white. 


f.  Cuii^linense. 

r.  S/ior/ii. 

I '.  Ilahl.c  hiiauiim. 


-1 


I.  Vincetoxicum  suberosum  (L.)  Britton.    Coa.st  Vhicetoxicum.   (Fig.  2931.) 

CyiujniiiHtii  sii/ierosiim  I,.  .Sj).  PI.  212.      I75,v 

(r.  sii/>cro.s!/s  R.  Hr.  in  AH.  Hort.  Kew.  Kd.  2:  S2.      iSii. 

/ '.  siihiTosiim  liritton.  Mem.  Torr.  Club,  5:  2')6.      1S94. 

Stem  pubescent  or  glabrous,  slender,  twining. 
Leaves  thin,  i's'  long,  i'-3'  wide,  ovate  or  ovate- 
oval,  acute  or  abruptly  acuminate  at  the  apex,  cor- 
date at  the  ba.se,  the  sinus  shallow,  open;  petioles 
yi'-2'  long;  cymes  commonly  few-flowered;  pe- 
duncles '.i-'-i'  long;  pedicels  Jj'-i'  long,  fleshy, 
nearly  glabrous;  corolla  brown-purple,  broadly 
conic  in  the  bud,  its  segments  lanceolate  or  ovate- 
lanceolate,  acute,  pubescent  or  granulose  within, 
3"-4'''  long,  about  tivicc  as  long  as  the  calyx; 
crown  an  annular  flesh}-  undulately  lo-crcnate  disk; 
follicles  glabrous,  3-5-ariglcd,  when  young  fleshy, 
when  mature  dry  and  spongy,  4'-6'  long,  i'  in 
diameter  or  more. 

In  thickets,  Virginia  to  Vlorida,  mainly  near  the 
coast.    May-July. 


2.    Vincetoxicum    gonoc^rpos    Walt. 
Large-leaved  Angle-pod.    (Fig.  2932.) 

I'incelo.xiciim  gonr>carf>os\\'.\\X.  I'l.  Car.  1114.      17SS. 
<7.  macro/)/iy//ii.K  Tilichx.  VI.  Dor.  Am.  i:  119.      1S03. 
Gonolobus  /afzis  \ar.  nviciophyllus  .K.  Gray,  Syn.  Fl. 

3:  Part  i,  103.      1S7S. 

Glabrous  or  pubescent,  stems  slender,  climbing 
high.  Leaves  broadly  ovate,  thin,  3'-S'  long,  2'-6' 
•wide,  acuminate  at  the  apex,  deeply  cordate  at  the 
base,  the  sinus  narrow  or  the  rounded  auricles  over- 
lapping; petioles  1'-^'  long;  cymes  few- flowered; 
peduncles  i '-3' long;  pedicels  rather  stout,  glabrous 
or  nearly  so;  corolla  conic  in  the  bud,  its  segments 
lanceolate,  Y's"  long,  3-4  times  as  long  as  the 
calyx;  crown  a  low  obtusely  undulate  disk;  follicles 
glabrous,  similar  to  those  of  the  preceding  species 
but  usually  shorte 

.\long  rivers  and  moist  thickets,  Virginia  to  South 
Carolina,  west  to  Indiana,  Missouri  and  Texas. 

3 


i8 


ASCUU'IADACKAK. 


[Vol,.  III. 


Vlncetoxicum  gonocikrpos  laivis  (Michx.)  llritton,  Meiu.  Torr.  Hot.  Club,  5:  266.      181^4, 
Oonolohiis  /aei'is  Michx.  Fl.  Ilor.  Am.  l;  iH).      iSm. 

UsHHlly  glahrous;  sinus  of  llii'  Ifavcs  open.     Near  WnshinKton,  1).  C,  Kansas  (according  to  B. 
n.  Smyth),  south  to  Mississippi  and  Tixas. 

3.  Vlncetoxicum  hirsutum  (Michx.)  Brit- 
ton.     Hairy  Vincetoxicum.    (Fig.  2933.) 

O'dno/tthiis  /iir.'!ii/tis  fiUchx.  Fl.  Hor.  Am   I:  119.  180,^. 
/'.  liirstiluiH  Hritton,  .Mem.  Torr.  Club,  5:  266.      1S94. 

vSteni  downy,  slender,     Leaves  ovate,  acuminate 

at  the  apex,  deeply  cordate  at  the  base,  downy,  2'-^' 

Ion),',   i'-2!2'  wide,  the  sinus  narrow,  or  the  lobes 

sotnetinies  overlapping;  petioles  slender,  pubescent, 

]i'-2'  lonj;;  peduncles  usually  about  equalling  the 

petioles,    .sometimes    longer;    umbels   few-several- 

llowered;  corolla  brown-purple  to  greenish  yellow, 

ovoid  in  the  bud,  its  segments  oblong,  very  obtuse, 

3"-4"  long,  minutely  puberuleut  without,  about  4 

times  as  long  as  the  densely  puliesceut  calyx;  crown 

cup-shaped,  fleshy,  about  as  high  as  the  anthers, 

the    margin    lo-crenate;    follicles  lanceolate,   3'-5' 

long,  muricatc,  puberulent;  seeds  entire. 

In  thickets,  Maryland  to  Florida,  west  to  Tennessee. 
]uly-.\uB. 


4.  Vincetoxicum  obliquum  (Jacq.)  Britton 

(Fig.  2934.) 

Cvnanchum  hhluiii  I,.  Sp.  I'l.  212.  ir.s,^? 
Cvnancluim  oh/ 1(/ 11 11  m  hicq.  Coll.  i:  14S.'  ly^U. 
G.  obliquiis  R.  Br.;  R.  &  S.  .Syst.  4:  64.  1,^20. 
V.  obliquum  Britton,  Mem.  Torr.  Club,  5:  v'A.  189). 
Stem  puberulent  or  hirsute,  slender.  Leaves 
pubescent,  broadly  ovate,  acuminate  at  the  apex, 
deeply  cordate  at  the  base  with  an  open  or 
closed  sinus,  a'-S'  long,  i/2'-6'  wide;  petioles 
rather  stout,  pubescent,  i'-4'long;  umbels  slen- 
der-peduncled,  few-flowered;  pedicels  very  slen- 
der, i'-2'  long;  corolla  narrowly  conic  in  the 
bud,  red-purple  within,  greenish  and  minutely 
pubescent  without,  its  segments  elongated-lin- 
ear, obtuse,  6-7  times  as  long  as  the  hirsute 
calyx;  crown  cup-shaped,  as  high  as  the  an- 
thers, fleshy,  its  margin  lo-crenulate,  the  inter- 
mediate crenulations  sometimes  2-dentate;  fol- 
licles ovoid-lanceolate,  2'-^'  long,  muricate. 

In  thickets,  Pennsylvania  to  Ohio,  south  to  Vir- 
ginia and  Kentucky.    July-Aug. 


Large- flowered  Vincetoxicum. 


5.  Vincetoxicum  Carolinense  (Jacq.)  Brit- 
ton.   Carolina  Vincetoxicum.  (Fig.  2935.) 

Cynanchiim  Cd'o/iiiciixr  ]acq.  Coll.  2:  228.  17S8. 
G.  Ciiio/iiieiisis  R.  Br.;  R.  &  S.  Syst.  6:  62.  1S20. 
/'.  Carolinense  Britton,  Mem.  Torr.  Club,  5:  265.     1894. 

Stem  hirsute.  Leaves  broadly  ovate,  acute  or 
short-acuminate  at  the  apex,  deeply  cordate  at  the 
base  with  a  narrow  or  closed  sinus,  y-T'  long, 
i'S'/i'  wide,  pubescent,  at  least  beneath;  petioles 
hirsute,  i  J^'-4''long;  peduncles  2'-4' long;  pedicels 
very  slender,  i'  long  or  more;  corolla  brown-pur- 
ple, oblong-conic  in  the  bud,  puberulent  without, 
its  segments  linear-oblong  or  linear-lanceolate,  ob- 
tusish,  y-b"  long,  5-6  times  longer  than  the  hir- 
sute calyx;  crown  cup-shaped,  scarcely  fleshy,  5- 
lobed,  with  a  subulate  longer  2-cleft  erect  tooth  in 
each  sinus;  follicles  muricate. 

In  thickets,  Virginia  to  Missouri,  south  to  South 
Carolina  and  Louisiana.    May-July. 


4* 

I 


Vol,.  III.] 


MILKWEED  FAMILY. 


19 


Short's  Vincetoxicum. 


(l.)Brit- 

12935-) 
I17S8. 
1820. 

1894. 
acute  or 
;  at  the 
I7'  long, 
1  petioles 
I  pedicels 
|wn-pur- 
vithout, 

!,  ob- 
J  the  hir- 
■eshy,  5- 
Itooth  in 

lo  South 


6.   Vincetoxicum  Shortii  (A.  Gray)  Ikitton. 

(t'ig-  2936.) 
Goiiold/iiis  oblii/inis  v.ir.  S/ior/ii  A.  Cray,  Syn. 

ri.  2:  I'art  I,  ii>i.      187S. 
(7.  Slid)  Hi  A.  Ciniy,  loc.  cit.  VA.  2,  104.      iSS'i. 
;'.  Slioilii  Hritloii,  Mfiii.  Torr.  Clul),  5;  2H^.    1S91. 

Stein  pubescent,  or  hirsute  with  sprendiiiK 
Iiairs.  Leaves  downy,  broadly  ovate,  acute  or 
short-acuminate  at  the  apex,  deeply  cordate 
at  the  base  and  wlien  old  witli  a  narrow  or 
closed  sinus,  4'-7' lony,  i, '4 '-5 ^'-2' wide;  peti- 
oles stout,  pubescent,  i>^'-3'long;  peduncles 
usually  longer  than  the  petioles;  cymes  sev- 
eral-flowered; pedicels  l' long  or  more;  cor- 
olla oblong-conic  in  the  bud,  dark  criuison- 
purple,  its  lobes  linear,  ^"-1"  long,  5-7  times 
as  long  as  the  hirsute  calyx;  crown  cup- 
shaped,  fleshy,  as  high  as  the  anthers,  its 
margin  about  lo-tootheci,  the  alternate  teeth 
thinner  and  longer,  emarginatc  or  2-parted, 
the  others  broader,  thicker,  with  an  obscure 
internal  crest  or  ridge  below  the  summit;  fol- 
licles warty. 

Ill  thickets,  IViiiisylvania  to  easti-rn  Kentucky 
and  Ck'orff  ia.  I-'lowiTs  with  the  odor  of  the  Straw- 
berry-shrub.   Juiie-Aug. 

7.  Vincetoxicum  Baldwinianum  (Sweet) 

Britton.    Baldwin's  \'iiicetoxicuin. 

(Fig.  2937.) 

Gonnlobiix  Hahluinianus  Sweet;  A.  Gray,  Syn.  Fl.  3: 

Part  I,  104.     1876 
I'iiueloxiciim   llald-cinianum    Rritton,   JFcm.   Torr. 

Chib,  5:  265.      '894. 

Stem  pubescent,  or  hirsute.  Leaves  downy, 
broadly  ovate,  acute,  or  short-acuminate  at  the 
apex,  deeply  cordate  at  the  base,  3'-6'  long,  or 
more;  petioles  hirsute,  i'-2'  long;  peduncles  6"- 
12"  long,  usually  longer  than  the  pedicels;  cymes 
several-many-flowered;  corolla  white,  or  cream- 
color,  the  lobes  thin,  oblong,  or  becoming  spatulatc, 
\"-h"  long;  crown  thin,  the  5  broader  lobes  quad- 
rate, emarginate,  or  obscurely  toothed;  in  their 
sinuses  a  pair  of  very  slender  linear-subulate  teeth 
of  more  than  double  their  length,  much  surpassing 
the  stigma. 

Missouri  and  Arkansas  to  Georgia.    May-June. 

Family  19.  CONVOLVULACEAE  Vent.  Tabl.  2:  394.  1799. 
;Mornin(',-«',i,ury  Famii.v. 
Herbs,  .some  tropical  species  .shrubs  or  trees,  the  .stems  twining,  ascending, 
trailing  or  erect,  with  alternate  exstipulate  entire  dentate  lobed  or  dissected 
leaves,  and  regular  perfect  axillary  cytnose  or  solitary  flowers.  Calyx  inferior, 
5-parted  or  5-divided,  usually  persistent,  the  segments  or  .sepals  imbricated. 
Corolla  gamopetalous,  funnelform,  salverform,  campanulate,  tubular  or  rarely 
subrotate,  the  limb  5-angled,  5-lobed  or  entire.  Stamens  5,  inserted  low  down 
on  the  tube  of  the  corolla  and  alternate  with  its  lobes,  all  anther-bearing,  the 
filaments  filiform,  or  dilated  at  the  base,  equal  or  unequal;  anthers  2-celled,  the 
sacs  longitudinally  dehiscent.  Disk  annular  or  none.  Ovary  superior,  sessile, 
2-3-celled,  with  2  ovules  in  each  cavity,  or  falsely  4-6-celled  with  a  single  ovule 
in  each  cavity,  entire  or  2-4-divided;  styles  1-3,  terminal,  or  arising  from  be- 
tween the  ovary-divisions;  ovules  anatropous.  Fruit  a  2-4-valved  capsule  or  of 
2-4  distinct  carpels,  in  our  species.  Seeds  erect,  the  testa  villous,  pubescent  or 
glabrous;  embryo  plaited  or  crumpled;  cotyledons  foliaceous;  endosperm  fleshy 
or  cartilaginous,  usually  scanty. 

About  40  genera  and  900  species,  of  wide  geographic  distribution,  most  abundant  in  the  tropics. 


20 


CONVOIA'fLACKAE. 


[Vol,.  Ill, 


Ovary  2(livi<U'tl,  llif  oiirpt-ls  2  oyulcd;  crecpiiiK  herbs.  i.  Dichondia. 

Ovary  entire,  -■- (  ct'llcil;  style  siniplc,  ckft  or  ilividid. 
Style  3  elf  ft  or  j  divided. 

Style  aeleft  or  .•  parted.  a.  Breueiia. 

Style  .?  dividi  (1  tn  the  ovary,  eaeh  divisioTi  2  eleft.  3.  /Cfolviilti.l. 

Style  entire  up  to  the  stlKina. 

StiKiiiii  or  stiu'iias  eapitate  or  globose. 

Corolla  salverforiii;  stamens  and  style  exscrted.  4.  (hiatnoi/i/. 

Corolla  fiinnelforni  or  eain))anulale;  .stamens  and  styU'  included.  5.  /fioiiicrii. 

Stigmas  2,  Id i form  to  oblong.  6.  O'liZ'K/rii/iis. 


1776. 


1.  DICHONDRA  Forst.  Char.  V.cih  PI.  31).   />/.  /o 
Prostrate  or  creeping  slender  niitiual  (soiiietinies  perennial  ?)  silky-]nibe3ceiit  or  glabrous 

herbs,  with  nearly  orbicular  cordate  or  reniforni  petioltd  entire  leaves,  and  very  small  soli- 
tary axillary  pedunded  flowers.  Sepals  nearly  e(iual|  obloiiJL;  or  spatulate.  Corolla  open- 
canipaiinlate,  deeply  s-lobcd,  the  lobes  induplicate  in  the  bud.  Stamens  shorter  than  the 
corolla;  fdaments  fdiforni  Ovary  villous,  deeply  2parted,  each  lobe  2-celled;  styles  2,  sim- 
ple, arisinj.;  fro'.n  the  bases  of  the  ovary-lobes;  stij^mas  capitate.  Fruit  of  2  pubescent  2- 
valved  or  indehiscent  i  2-sceded  c.n])sulcs.  [Greek, 
two-Rrained,  referring  to  the  capsules.] 

About  ,s  species,  natives  of  warm  and  tropical  reKions. 
Besides  the  foUowinu,  anollier  occurs  in  the  soulhwi  st. 

I.    Dichondra  evolvulacea  (I/,  f. )  Britton. 
Dichondra.     (Fip.  2938.) 

Siblhnrpia  r:ol:uliici\i  I,.  Suppl.  jsg.      1781. 
Dtchondta  >epvti<i  Korsl.  I"l.  Inst.  .\nst.  I'mdr.  2.      17S(). 
D.  evolvuUicea  liritton,  Jlem.  'i'orr.  Club,  5:  2(iS.      18(9. 

Somewhat  pubescent,  or  glabrous ;  stems  almost 
filiform,  creeping,  rooting  at  the  nodes,  6'-2°  long. 
Iveaves  orbicular  to  renifortn,  deeply  cordate,  '4'-!  ,'i' 
in  diameter,  palmately  veined;  petiole  often  much 
longer  than  the  blade;  flowers  i"-2"  broad;  peduncles 
filiform;  sepals  obtuse,  spatulate  or  obovatc;  corolla 
yellow  to  wliitc,  shorter  than  the  sepals,  its  lobes  ovate 
to  oblong;  capsule  I'^liigh  or  less. 

In  moist  or  wet  places.  Virjfinia  to  Texas  and  Mexico. 
near  the  coast.  Widely  distributed  in  South  .\inerica  and 
in  the  Old  World,  especially  in  the  southern  hemisphere. 

2.  BREWERIA  R.  Br.  Prodr.  Fl.  Nov.  HoU.  i:  487.      1810. 
Herbs,  mostly  perennial  and  procumbent,  with  entire  short-petioled  or  sessile  leaves,  and 

1-5-flowcred  axillary  peduncles;  flowers  white,  purple,  pink,  or  yellow.  vSepals  acute  or 
obtuse.  Corolla  campanulateor  funnclform-campanulate;  limb  plaited,  5-angled  or  slightly 
5-lobed.  Stamens  included;  fdaments  fdiform,  or  dilated  at  the  base.  Ovary  2-celled; 
style  2-cleft  or  2-parted;  stigmas  capitate.  Capsule  globose  to  ovoid,  2-celled,  2-4-valvcd. 
Seeds  1-4,  glabrous  or  pubescent.     [Named  for  .Samuel  Hrewer,  a  correspondent  of  Dillen.] 

About  .10  species,  widely  distributed  in  warm-temperate  and  tropical  regions.     Besides  the 
following,  2  or  3  others  occur  in  Florida  and  i  in  Te.xas. 
Sepals  acute  or  acuminate;  leaves  oblong,  elliptic  or  linear. 

Corolla  white;  fdaments  pubescent;  plant  pubescent  or  puberulcnt.  i.  H.  humi<itiata. 

Corolla  purple;  fdaments  glabrous;  plantsdkytomento.se.  2.  II.  aqualica. 

},.  H.  Piclci  inifii. 

I.    Breweria  humistritta  (Walt.)  A.  Gray. 
Southern  Breweria.      (Fig.  2939.) 

Cont'olz'iilus  Inniiistraliis  Walt.  V\.  Car.  94.      17S8. 
Slyltsma  humistrala  Chapm.  Fl.  .S.  States,  346.      1S60. 
lionamia  hnviislrala  .\.  Oray,  Man.  lid.  ,■;,  376.      1867. 
liieiceria  humislrala  A.  Gray,  Syn.  Fl.  2:  Part  i,  217.     1S7S. 
Pubescent  or  puberulent;  stems  slender,  i°-2°  long, 
simple,  or  with  a  few  long  branches.    Leaves  elliptic, 
oblong-elliptic,    or    ovate-oblong,    obtuse    and    mu- 
cronulate  or  some  of  them  emarginate  at  the  apex, 
subcordate,  rounded  or  narrowed  at  the  base,  %'-i' 
wide,    i'-2'  long;    petioles    x"-}/'  long;    peduncles 
slender,  longer  than  the  leaves,  i-y-flowered,  minutely 
bracted  at  the  summit ;  sepals  glabrous  or  puberulent, 
oblong,  acuminate,  2"-^"  long;  corolla  white,  6"-8" 
long;  filaments  pubescent;  style  2-cleft;  capsule  ovoid, 
acute,  glabrous,  about  as  long  as  the  calyx. 

In  dry  pine  barrens,  Virginia  to  Florida  and  Louisi- 
ana.    May-Aug. 


Sepals  obtuse;  leaves  narrowly  linear. 

x^    0/ 


Vol..  III.] 


MORNINO-GI.ORY  FAMILY. 


Gray. 

>S8. 

1867. 
pi7.     1878. 

-2°  long, 

elliptic, 

jnd    mu- 

Ibe  apex, 

|e,   'A'-i' 

leduucles 

linutely 

)erulent, 

i,  6"-8" 

le  ovoid, 


2.   BrewerJa  aquatica  (Walt.)  A.  Gray. 
Water  Breweria.     (Fig.  2940.) 

Coin'iil'.uliis  a(/ua/i(iis  Walt.  I'l.  Car.  9.).      17.SS. 
Slylisniii  at/ita/itii  Cliapiii.  l"l.  S.  States,  ^ji).      iSiki. 
/{iinaima  aiiiialita  A.  Ciray,  Man.  ICd.  ,s.  ^,-fi.      18(17. 
Ilieuiiia  aiinalica  A.  Gray,  Syti.  I'"l.  J;  I'art  i,  217.      187S. 

I'Miicly  iiiid  densely  silky-tonicntose,  brnnclied,  the 
branches  long  nnd  sleiiiler.  Leaves  oliloti^,  elliptic,  or 
oblong-lanceolate,  obtuse  at  both  ends,  niucronate  or 
eniarj-inate  at  the  apex,  sometiincs  snbcordate  at  the  l)ase, 
li'-l/i'lon^,  2"  .'"  wide;  jiedundes  i-^-flowered,  longer 
than  the  leaves,  tnitiutely  bracted  at  the  summit ;  sepals 
densely  tonmitose,  oblong,  acute  or  acuminate,  about  2" 
long;  corolla  purple  or  pink,  ,s"-7"  long;  filaments  gla- 
brous; style  2-parted  nearly  to  the  base. 

In  wet  .soil,  especially  in  pine  barrens,  Missouri  to  Texas, 
east  to  North  Carolina  and  Horida.    May- Aug. 

Breweria  Pickeringii  (M.  A.  Curtis)  A.  Gray.     Pickering'.s  Hreweria. 

(Fig.  2941.) 

/vrj.  Ci>ii:'fl:'ulii\  I'iikniiij^ii  M.  A.  Curtis,  Host.  Journ.  Nat. 

^J/^  .  Hist.  1:129.      i**,*-. 

W^"^     ,-\  /       ./I  .SVi//.tw/(i /Vc/r»/(/i,';;' A.  dray,  Man.  ICd.  2.  ,s,VS.      iS.sfi. 

''1  fS-V   /  /  \  JliDiainia  J'ifiiihigiiW.  (Vray,  Man.  lid.  ,s,  ,\yl>.      1867. 

Jtificii  ill  I'icki'i  iiifiii  .\.  llray,  Syii.  Vl.  2.  I'ait  1.217.  1878. 
Stem  pubescent  or  puberulent,  very  slender,  simple 
or  branched,  I "-2°  long.  Leaves  puberulent  or  gla- 
brous, narrowly  linear,  obtuse  or  acutish  at  the  apex, 
narrowed  at  the  base,  I'-aJi'  long,  y2"-2"  wide;  peti- 
oles very  short;  peduncles  slender,  about  as  long  as 
the  leaves,  with  i  or  2  linear  bracts  at  the  summit 
which  arc  usuall)-  longer  than  the  pedicels  and  calyx; 
sepals  pubescent  or  hirsute,  ovate  to  oval,  obtuse, 
about  2"  long;  corolla  white,  about  i'  long;  filaments 
nearly  glabrous;  style  2-cleft;  capsule  ovoid,  acute, 
pubescent,  longer  tlian  the  calyx. 

Ill  dry  pine  barrens.  New  Jersey  to   Xnrth  Carolina; 
Illinois  to  Louisiana  and  Tc.vas.    Junc-Aug. 

3.    EVOLVULUS  L.  Sp.  PI.  Kd.  2,  391.       1762. 

Erect  or  diffuse  branching,  mostly  silky-pubescent  or  pilose,  annual  or  perennial  kerbs, 
with  small  usually  entire  leaves,  and  solitary  axillary  racemose  or  paniculate  small  blue 
pink  or  white  flowers.  Sepals  nearly  equal,  acute  or  obtuse.  Corolla  funnelform,  canipan- 
ulate  or  rotate,  the  limb  plaited,  s-atigled  or  5-lobed.  Stamens  included,  or  exserted;  fila- 
ments filiform;  anthers  ovate  or  oblong.  Ovary  entire,  2-cellcd;  style  2-divided  to  the 
base,  or  near  it,  each  division  deeply  2-cleft ;  stigmas  linear-filiform.  Capsule  globose  to 
ovoid,  2-4-valved,  1-4-sceded.     Seeds  glabrous.     [Latin,  unrolling.] 

About  85  species,  natives  of  warm  and  tropical  rc^J:ions.  liesides  the  following,  some  7  others 
occur  ill  the  soutliern  tnited  States.  j,,  ■!,  >/ 


Evolvulus  pilosus  Xiitt. 
(Fig.  2942.) 


F.vol  villus. 


J'tnlz'iiliis  aiS:Cn/('Hs  I'ursli,  Kl.  Am.  Sept.  1S7.      1S14. 

Not  R   Hr.  1810. 
Id'olz'itliis  pilnsiis  Nutt.  Gen.  1:  174.      iSiS. 

Perennial,  densely  silky-pubescent  or  villous; 
stems  ascending  or  erect,  3'-9'  high,  very  leafy. 
Leaves  sessile,  oblong,  lanceolate  or  spatulate,  3"- 
9"  long,  i"-y  wide,  acute  or  obtuse  at  the  apex, 
narrowed  at  the  base;  flowers  solitary  in  the  axils; 
peduncles  2-bractcd  at  the  base,  recurved  in  fruit, 
l'''-2"  long;  sepals  lanceolate,  acute  or  acuminate; 
corolla  funuclform-catnpanulate,  purple  or  blue, 
y'-b"  broad;  capsule  i>^"-2"  in  diameter,  about 
as  long  as  the  sepals. 

On  dry  plains,  Nebraska  to  Jlexico  and  Arizona. 
May-July. 


aa 


CONVOIA'UI.ACKAR. 
4.   QUAMOCLIT  Mociich,  Meth.  453.      1794. 


[Vol,.  It  I. 


Twining  lierl)ai'eons  viiii's,  witli  pcliolcd  entire  lobed  or  piimntcly  parted  leaves,  niul 
cyniosc  racemose  or  solitary  peduiuleit  axillary  (lowers.  Sepals  5,  licrbateous,  ecjual, 
acuniitiatc,  tiiiicroiiate  or  appciida){e<l.  Corolla  salverfortn  (scarlet  in  the  followinK  species), 
the  tuhe  narrow,  somewhat  dilated  aliovc,  shorter  than  the  spreading  s-lohed  limb.  Sta- 
mens and  style  more  or  less  exserted;  stigma  capitate;  ovary  3-celled  or  falsely  .(-celled, 
4-ovule<l.     I'rnit  nsnally  .i-celled  and  .(-seeded.     [Creek,  dwarf  kidney-hean.] 

About  ios|uciis,  i)f  warm  and  tnipical  ri'^ii'tis,  mily  tlu'  IDllDwinB  in  North  .XincriiM. 
I.iBves  pinniitily  parted  iiito  very  n.irri)W  sckiihiUs.  i.  O.  (iininindi/. 

1,1'avts  riir<lati',  acuininati',  tntiri-  or  aUKulati'  Icibud.  ].  (J.  tiuciiua. 

I.  QuamoclitQuamoclit  (L,.)  IJritton.  Cypress  Vine.  Indian  Pink.  (Fig. 2943.) 

Ifiiiiiiorii  Oiinniocli/  I,.  Sp.  I'l.  159.      I7,S.?. 

£>.  Tiil,i:a>is  Choisy  in  DC.  I'rodr.  9:  ,VV).      1^(5, 

.\nnual,  xlabr^us;  stem  slender,  twiniuK  to  a 
heij^ht  of  i()°-2o°.  Leaves  ovate  in  outline, 
pctioled,  or  nearly  sessile,  a'-;'  lonj;,  pinnately 
parteil  nearly  to  the  midvcin  into  n.irrowly 
linear  entire  segments  les.^  than  1"  wide;  pe- 
duncles slender,  commonly  much  longer  than 
the  leaves,  1-6  flowered;  pedicels  i'  long  or 
more,  thickening  in  fruit;  sepals  oblong,  obtuse, 
usually  tinicronulate,  2"-},"  long;  corolla  scar- 
let, salvcrform,  I'-i^j'  long,  the  tube  expanded 
above,  the  limb  nearly  flat,  the  lobes  ovate, 
acutish;  stamens  and  style  exserted;  ovary  4- 
celled;  ovule  i  in  each  cell;  capsule  ovoicl,  4- 
valvcd,  about  5"  high,  twice  as  long  as  the  sepals. 

In  waste  and  ciiltiv.atcd  Kroiind,  VirKinia  to  Flor- 
ida, Kansas  and  Te.\as.  .SpariiiKly  escaped  from 
gardens  lartlier  north.  Naturalized  from  tropical 
Ameriea.  July-(X't,  Called  also  American  Red 
Hell-flower  and  Sweet  William  of  the  llarbadoes, 

a.    Quamoclit   coccinea  (L.)  Moencli. 
Small  Red  Morning-glory.  (Fig.  2944.) 

Jpomcea  loccinea  I,.  Sp.  I'l.  iCxj.      17.S.V 
QuaniDiii I  coccinea  Moencli,  Meth.  .15,5.      I79(. 

Annual,  glabrous,  or  puberuleut,  stem  twin- 
ing to  a  height  of  several  feet  or  trailing. 
Leaves  ovate  to  orbicular,  deeply  cordate, 
long-acuminate,  2'-6'  long,  entire  or  angulatc- 
lobed,  slendcr-petioled;  peduncles  few-several- 
flowered,  usually  not  longer  than  the  leaves; 
sepals  oblong,  obtuse,  aboi/  2"  long,  subulate- 
appendaged;  corolla  sf.ver-form,  lo'-'-ao" 
long,  the  limb  obscurely  5-lobed;  stamens  and 
style  slightly  exserted;  ovary  .(-celled  with  i 
ovule  in  each  cell;  capsule  globose,  4-valvcd, 
},"-i,"  in  diameter. 

Along  river-banks  and  in  waste  places,  southern 
Pennsylvania  to  Florida,  west  to  Oliio,  Missouri, 
Texas  and  Arizona.  Naturalized  from  tropical 
America,  or  native  in  the  Southwest.  A  hybrid 
of  this  species  with  the  preceding  is  sometimes 
cultivated.    July-Oct. 

5.  IPOMOEA  L.  Sp.  PI.  159.  1753- 
Twining  trailing  ascending  or  rarely  erect  herbs,  annual  or  perennial,  with  large  showy 
axillary  solitary  or  cymose  flowers.  Sepals  equal  or  unequal.  Corolla  funuelform  or  cam- 
panulate,  the  limb  entire,  5  angled  or  5-lobed,  the  tube  more  or  less  plaited.  Stamens  equal 
or  unequal,  included;  fdaments  filiform,  or  dilated  at  the  base;  anthers  ovate,  obloug,  or 
linear.  Ovary  entire,  globose  or  ovoid,  2-4-celled,  4-6-ovuled;  style  filiform,  included; 
stigmas  i  or  2,  capitate  or  globose.  Capsule  globose  or  ovoid,  usually  septifragally  2-4-valved, 
2-4-seeded.     [Greek,  worm-like.] 

About  350  species,  of  wide  geographic  distribution.  Besides  the  following,  some  25  others 
occur  in  southern  and  western  North  America.     Kno«-n  as  Morning-Glory  or  False  Bindweed. 


( 


vot.  in.] 


MORNINCi-C.I.ORY   I'AMILY. 


23 


Ovary  2  ctUnl  (rarely  ( I't-lliil);  slinma  ciitiri'  or  j-Iol>cil. 
I.ciivcs  loriliitc;  slims  trailing  iir  twining. 

IVniiiiiiil  from  an  iiKirmoiiH  root;  corolla  j'    V  loiiK- 
Animal;  roots  lilirous;  t-orolla  l"-<i"  loti({,  wliitc. 
Annual;  lorolla  i'    1'/  loiin,  jiink  or  puipk'. 
I.cavts  liiiL-ar;  stfius  ascitulint!  or  crfct. 
(Ivary  ,i  ctllid;  stigmas  (;  liaves  ronlatf. 
I.eavis  iiilirr;  cdtolta  2'    j'   '  Imilf. 
I.iavis  (litply  (  lobi'il,  corolla  1'    i '  1'  lollgr. 


t.  fiandiiiiila. 

I.  i'aioliiiit. 
I.  Iepti'f>li_vll,i. 


fill)  pill  ea. 
lit  ill  I  acia. 


I.    Ipomoea  pandurskta  (ly. )  Mtyer.     Wild  Potato  Vine.     (Fig,  2945.) 


Coiiri'/rii/ii':  /•iiiii/iiia/iis  !,.  Sp.  I'l.  i.s.t.      i7.St- 
y.  paiidiiiiihi  Miytr,  I'ritn.  I'l.  I'Nsiii.  100.      iMS, 

rereiiiiial  from  an  cnoniious  fleshy  root,  >,'!«- 
brous  or  puhcruleiit;  stems  trailing  or  fectjly 
climbiiiKi  i'-u"  loiij;.  Leaves  broadly  ovale,  cor- 
dutc,  aciiniiiiatc  at  the  apex,  2'-(>'  loii^,',  sletiilcr- 
pctioled,  entire,  sometimes  contracted  in  the  miil- 
dle,  or  some  of  the  later  ones  rarely  anfjulate-den- 
tate  or  .vlobed;  peduncles  1-5-flowered,  much 
elongated  in  fruit;  sepals  oblong,  obtuse  or  aciit- 
isli,  6"-S"  loHK,  k1''''"'0"SI  corolla  funnelform, 
white,  or  with  pinkisli  ])urple  stripes  in  the  throat, 
a'-3'  lonn,  the  limb  5-lobed;  ovary  2-cclled;  cap- 
sule ovoid,  2-valved,  2-4-seeded,  the  seeds  densely 
woolly  on  the  margins  and  pubescent  on  the  sides. 

In  dry  soil,  in  fuUls  or  on  hills,  Ontario  to  Connec- 
ticut and  I'lorida,  Michigan,  Kansas  and  Texas.  Oc- 
curs rarely  with  double  Mowers.  Called  also  Man  of- 
the-l'lartirand  Media  Meek  (Indian).     May-Sept. 


2.  Ipomoea  lacundsa  L,. 


vSinall- flowered  White  Morning-glory.   (Fig.  2946.) 

Ipomoea  laiiiiiosa  I,.  Sp.  I'l.  i')i.      I7,s.<. 

Annual,  pubescent  or  hirsute,  rarely  glabrous; 
stem  twining,  2°-i()°  long.  Leaves  slcnder- 
petioled,  broadly  ovate,  cordate,  acute  or  acum- 
inate at  the  apex,  entire,  angled  orj-lobcd,  2'-4' 
long,  the  lobes  acute;  peduncles  1-3-flowcred, 
shorter  than  the  leaves;  pedicels  slender;  sepals 
oblong  or  lanceolate,  acute  or  acuminate,  pu- 
bescent or  ciliate,  about  5"  long;  corolla  fun- 
nelform, 6"-\o"  long,  white,  or  the  limb  pur- 
ple; ovary  2-celled;  stigma  capitate;  capsule 
globose,  2-valved,  shorter  than  or  about  equal- 
ling the  sepals. 

In  moist  soil,  Pennsylvania  to  South  Carolina, 
west  to  Illinois,  Missouri  and  Texas.     July-Sept. 


3.  Ipomoea  Carolina  (L.)  Pitrsh.    Small- 
flowered  Pink  Morning-glory.    (Fig.  2947.) 


Convolz'iiliis  Caioliiiiis  I,.  Sp.  PI.  1,14.      175,^ 
Ipomoea  li  ichocarpa  V,\\.  Hot.  S.  C.  &  Ga.  i:  258. 
Ipomoea  commulala  R.  &  S.  Syst.  4:  228.      1S19. 
Ipo  -        .      -       -    - 


1817. 


Ipomoea  Carolina  Pursli,  Fl.  Am.  Sept.  145.      1814. 

Similar  in  habit  to  the  preceding  species,  but  the 
leaves  usually  more  lobcd;  peduncles  often  longer 
than  the  leaves,  1-3-flowered;  sepals  lanceolate  or 
oblong-lanceolate,  acuminate,  pubescent  or  ciliate; 
corolla  I '-i/^' long,  pink  or  purple;  capsule  gla- 
brous or  pubescent. 

Kansas  (accorditiK  to  Holzinger)  to  Texas,  east  to 
South  Carolina  and  Florida. 


CONVOIvVULACEAE. 


[Vol.  III. 


4.   Ipomoea  leptophylla  Torr.     Bush 

Morning-glory.     (Fig.  2948.) 

Ipotnoea  Irfilopiiylla  Torr.  in  I'rciii.  Kep.  95.      1S45. 

rereiiiiial  from  an  enormous  root,  which  some- 
times weighs  25  ll)s.,  glabrous  throughout;  stems 
erect,  asccndinj;;  or  reclining,  rather  stout,  2°-4° 
long,  much  branched.  Leaves  narrowly  linear, 
entire,  acute,  2'-5'  long,  i"-y  wide;  petioles 
very  short;  peduncles  stout,  nearly  erect,  usually 
shorter  than  the  leaves,  1-4-flowcred;  pedicels 
shorter  than  the  peduncles;  sepals  broadly  ovate, 
obtuse,  2i"-A"  loi'K.  or  the  outer  shorter;  corolla 
funnelform,  purple  or  pink,  about  3'  long,  the  limb 
scarcely  lobed;  capsule  ovoid,  acute,  S"-i2"  long, 
2-celled,  much  longer  than  the  sepals;  seeds  pubes- 
cent. 

In  dry  soil,  Nebraska  and  Wyoming,  Sduth  to  Texas 
and  New  Mexico.     May-July. 


5.     Ipomoea    purpiirea   (L.)   Roth. 
Morning-glory.     (Fig.  2949.) 

Con7vl:i/his  />!ir/>iiiens  I,.  Sp.  PI.  ICd.  2,  ciq.     1762. 
Jpomoea  purpurea  Roth,  Hot.  Abh.  27.      17S7. 

.Annual,  pubescent;  stem  rctrorsely  hairy, 
twining  or  trailing,  4°-io°  long.  Leaves  broadly 
ovate,  deeply  cordate,  acute  or  acuminate,  2'- 
4'  wide,  slender-pctioled;  peduncles  slender, 
1-5-flowcred,  often  longer  than  the  petioles;  se- 
pals lanceolate  or  obloug,  acute,  pubescent  or 
hirsute  near  the  base,  6"-8"  long;  corolla  fun- 
nelform, blue,  purple,  pink,  variegated  'r  white, 
2'-2,'2''  long;  ovary  3-celled  (rarely  2-celled); 
stigmas  3  (rarely  21;  capsule  depressed-globose, 
about  5"  in  diameter,  .shorter  than  the  sepals. 

In  waste  places,  commonly  escapc<l  fiuni  jjardeiis, 
Nova  Scotia  to  I'Murida,  west  to  Ontario.  Nebraska 
aud  Tex  s.  There  is  a  double-flowered  lorin  in 
cultivation.  Adveiitive  or  naturalized  Irom  tropical 
America.     July-Oct. 

6.    Ipomoea  hederacea  Jacq.     Ivy- leaved  Morning-glory.     (Fig.  2950.) 

Ipomoea  liejeraeea  Jaci|.  Icon.  Rar.    pi.  j6.      1781, 

.\nnual,  pubescent;  stem  twining  or  climbing  to 
a  height  of  2°-5°,  slender,  retrorsely  hairy. 
Leaves  ovate-orbicular  in  outline,  long-pctioled, 
deeply  3-lobed,  cordate  at  the  base,  2'-$'  long,  the 
lobes  ovate,  acuminate,  entire,  or  the  lateral  ones 
sometimes  rcpand  or  dentate;  peduncles  1-3- 
(iowercd,  much  shorter  than  the  petioles;  flowers 
opening  in  early  morning,  soon  closing;  sepals 
lanceolate  with  long  linear  often  recurved  tips 
densely  hirsute  below,  sparingly  so  above,  8"-!  2" 
long;  corolla  funnelform,  the  tube  usually  nearly 
white,  the  limb  light  blue  or  purple,  I'-iJj'  long; 
ovary  3-cclled;  stigmas  3;  capsule  depressed-glo- 
bose, 3-valved,  about  as  long  as  the  lanceolate 
portion  of  the  sepals. 


In  fields  and  waste  places,  I.onfr  Island  to  Florida, 
west  to  Pennsylvania,  Nebraska  and  Mexico.  Natu- 
ralized or  advenlivc  from  tropical  .\merica.    July-Oct. 


■ 


Vol,.  III.] 


MORNING-GLORY  FAMILY. 


25 


/ff 


\ 


ibiiig  to 
hairy, 
jctioled, 
hijf,  the 
\a\  ones 

1-3- 
Iflowcrs 
sepals 
i  tips 

liicarly 
r  long; 
id-glo- 
feolate 


|lurida, 

Natu- 

ly-Oct. 


1.  C.  sepitim. 

2.  C.  repens. 

3.  C.  spilhaviaeus. 


6.  CONVOLVULUS  L.  Sp.  PI.  153.  1753. 
Herbs  (the  following  species  perennials  with  slender  rootstocks)  with  trailing,  twining 
or  erect  steins.  Leaves  entire  dentate  or  lobed,  mostly  cordate  or  sagittate  and  petioled. 
Flowers  axillary,  solitary  or  clustered,  large,  pink,  purple  or  white.  Sepals  nearly  equal  or 
the  outer  larger,  the  calyx  bractless  or  with  a  pair  of  bracts  at  its  base.  Corolla  funnel- 
form  or  campanulatc,  the  limb  plaited,  5-angled,  5-lobed,  or  entire.  Stamens  inserted  on 
the  tube  of  the  corolla,  included;  filaments  filiform,  or  dilated  at  the  base.  Ovary  1-2- 
celled,  4-ovuled;  style  filiform;  .stigmas  2,  filiform,  oblong,  or  ovoid.  Capsule  globose  or 
nearly  so,  i-4-':elled,  2-4-valved.     .Seeds  glabrous.     [Latin,  to  roll  together,  or  entwine.] 

.\l)oiit  175  spccit'S,  of  wide  distribution  in  tropical  and  temperate  regions.     Besides  the  follow- 
ing, some  111  others  occur  in  the  soul  hern  and  western  I'nited  Stales. 
Calyx  with  2  largo  bracts  aX  the  base,  which  enclose  it.     ((ienus  Viil-VLT.ts  Medic.) 

Stems  Hailing  or  climbing. 

Stems  ,v    lo    long;  leaves  hastate,  the  auricles  often  dentate. 
.Stems  \''  X'  long;  leaves  sagittate,  the  auricles  rounded,  entire. 

.Stem  erect  or  ascending;  (lowers  white;  bracts  not  cordate. 
Calyx  not  bracted;  pe<hnicle  braeted  at  the  summit. 

(Uabrous  or  nearly  so;  leaves  entire,  auriculate.  4.  C.  aizcnsis. 

Canescent;  leaves  witli  2-4  basal  lobes.  5.   C.  iiicaiius. 

I.   Convolvulus  sepium  L,.     Hedge 

or  Great  Bindweed.     Rutland 

Beauty.     (Fig.  2951.) 

Coiiviih'tihis  srpiinn  I,.  Sp.  PI.  I,s,v      I7.S,V 
Coiii'Klvuhis  sfpiiim   var.   Ainericaniis    Sims, 

Hot.  Mag.  pi.  -.'-'.      I  So). 
Calvslei^ia  srpitiii  R.  l!r.  Prodr.  V\.  Nov.  lloll, 

i":4,\i.      i.-'o. 

Glabrous  or  pubescent;  stems  extensively 
trailing  or  twining,  ;i°-in°  long.  Leaves 
slender-petioled,  triangular  in  outline,  has- 
tate, 2'-^'  long,  acute  or  acumin.'ite  at  the 
apex,  the  basal  lobes  divergent,  usually 
acute,  angulatc  dentate  or  entire;  petioles 
|i'-2'  long;  peduncles  i-flowered,  longer 
than  the  leaves;  flowers  pink  with  white 
stripes  or  white  throughout,  about  2'  long; 
bracts  at  the  base  if  the  corolla,  large,  ovate, 
acute  or  obtuse,  cordate;  stigmas  oblong. 

In  fields  and  thickets,  usually  in  moist  soil, 
Nova  Scotia  to  North  Carolina,  west  to  Minne- 
sota, Utah  and  Nebraska.  .\lso  in  liurope  and 
Asia.  The  plants  of  eastern  North  .Vnierica 
])crhaps  constitute  several  species.  Junc-Aug. 
Old  nanus,  liell-liind.  Woodbind,  I.ily  bind, 
Lady's  Nightcap  and  Hedge  Lily. 

Convolvulus  Japouicus  Thunb.  Kl.  Jap.  85,  i7S(,  a  species  with  narrow  hastate  leaves  and  smaller 
pink  flowers,  cultivated  in  a  donble-llowered  form,  has  in  this  form  escaped  from  cultiv.itiou  from 
southeastern  New  York  to  the  District  of  Columbia  and  Missouri, 


2.    Convolvulus  repens  l^.     Trailing 
Bindweed.     (Fig.  2952.) 

CKiirnl-rti/us  ri'peits  L.  .Sp.  PI,  15,^      i7,s?. 
Cal\'stei;ia   scpiiim  var.  pubesceiis  A.  Grav,  Man, 

V.A.  ,«;,  y;b.      1867. 
Coii:ol:iili(s  sepiinn  var.  rt'peiis  A.  Cray,  Syn.  1"1. 

2;  Part  I,  215.      1.S7S. 

Pubescent  or  tomentose;  stem  trailing  or 
twining,  i°-3°  long,  simple,  or  sparingly 
branched.  Leaves  ovate  or  oblong,  petioled, 
l'-2'  long,  obtuse,  acute  or  abruptly  acuminate 
at  the  apex,  sagittate  or  cordate  at  the  base,  en- 
tire, the  basal  lobes  rounded,  scarcely  or  not  at 
all  divergent;  petioles  }i'-i'  long;  peduncles  i- 
flowered,  equalling  or  longer  than  the  leaves; 
flowers  white  (sometimes  pink ',')  about  2'  long; 
caly.x  enclosed  by  2  ovate  acute  or  obtusish 
slightly  cordate  bracts;  stigmas  oblong. 

In  drj-  fields,  Virginia  to  Florida,  west  to  Dakota 
and  Texas,     May-.\ug, 


CONVOLVULACEAE. 


[Vol,.  III. 


3.  Convolvulus  spithamaeus  L.    Up- 
right Bindweed,     (Fig.  2953.) 

Coiizoliuhis  sfiilliamaeiis  I,.  Sp.  PI.  15S.      175,^. 
Ca/vs/i'ffia  spitliamaea  Pursli,  I'l.  Am.  Sept.  143. 

Vohulu.'  spilliamacu.';  Kuiitze,  Ruv.  Gen.  PI.  447. 
1891. 

Pubescent,  or  glabrate;  stem  erect  or  ascend- 
ing, straight,  or  the  summit  sometimes  feebly 
twining,  6'-i2'  high.  Leaves  oval,  short- 
petioled  or  the  uppermost  sessile,  usually  ob- 
tuse at  both  ends,  sometimes  acutish  at  the 
apex  and  subcordate  at  the  base,  \'-2'  long, 
Vz'-iU'  wide;  peduncles  i-flowered,  longer 
than  the  leaves;  flowers  white,  nearly  2'  long; 
calj'x  enclosed  by  2  large  oval  acutish  bracts 
which  are  narrowed  at  both  ends  and  not  cor- 
date at  the  base;  stigmas  oblong,  thicW . 

In  dry  sandy  or  rocky  fields  or  on  banks,  Nova 
Scotia  to  the  Norllnvest  Territory,  south  to  I'lorida. 
.\scends  to  3500  ft.  in  VirKinia.     May-Aug. 


4.   Convolvulus  arvensis  L.     Small 
Bindweed.     (Fig.  2954.) 

Con:-i<!:-Hlus  aiz'i'iisis  I..  Sp.  PI.  153.      1753. 

Glabrous,  or  nearly  so;  stems  trailing  or  decum- 
bent, very  slender,  i°-2j2°  long,  simple  or 
branched.  Leaves  slender-petioled,  ovate  or  ob- 
long, entire,  obtusish  and  nuicroiiulate  or  acutish 
at  the  apex,  sagittate  or  somewhat  hastate  at  the 
base,  i'-2'  long,  the  basal  lobes  spreading,  acute; 
peduncles  1-4-flowcrcd  (commonly  2-flowered), 
shorter  than  the  leaves;  i-3-bractcd  at  the  summit, 
usually  with  another  bract  on  one  of  the  pedicels; 
sepals  oblong,  obtuse,  lyi"  long;  corolla  pink  or 
nearly  white,  8"- 12"  broad;  calyx  not  bracted  at 
the  base;  stigmas  linear. 

In  fields  and  waste  places.  Nova  Scotia  to  Ontario, 
south  to  New  Jersey,  Pennsylvania  and  Kansas.  Nat- 
uralized from  Kurope.  Native  also  of  .\sia.  May- 
Sept.  Old  names.  Hedge-bells,  liearbind,  Corn-Lily, 
Wind,  Bellbine,  Corn-bind,   Lap-love,  Sheep-bine. 

5.  Convolvulus  incanus  Vahl.     Hoary 
Bindweed.     (Fig.  2955.) 

Cotiz'olz'Uhis  incanus  Valil,  Symb.  Hot.  3:  23.  1794. 
Finely  and  densely  canescent,  pale,  or  some- 
times greener;  stems  procumbent  or  trailing, 
usually  branched,  i°-3°  long.  Leaves  rather 
short-petioled,  lanceolate,  ovate  to  linear  in  out- 
line, usually  with  2-4  divergent  lobes  at  the 
base,  or  the  lower  pair  of  lobes  reflexed,  other- 
wise entire  or  irregularly  dentate,  obtuse  and 
mucronulate  at  the  apex,  I '-2' long;  peduncles 
i-2-flowercd,  as  long  as  or  longer  than  the 
leaves,  minutely  bracted  at  the  summit;  pedi- 
cels 3"-6"  long;  sepals  oblong,  obtuse  or  mu- 
cronulate, about  3"  long;  corolla  white  to  rose- 
color;  stigmas  narrowly  linear;  capsule  globose, 
about  as  long  as  the  sepals. 

In  waste  places  near  Lincoln,  Neb.  (according 
to  Webber).  In  dry  soil.  Kansas  and  .\rkansas  to 
Arizona,  Mexico  and  Texas.  Also  in  southern 
South  America.    April-Aug. 


^ 


Hoary 

1794- 
or  some- 
railing, 
rather 
in  out- 
at  the 
other- 
Ltse  and 
(hniclcs 
lan  the 
;  pedi- 
or  mu- 
to  rosc- 
lobosc, 

cordintf 
insas  to 
lutherti 


Vol.  hi.] 


DODDER  FAMILY. 


27 


Family  20.     CUSCUTACEAE  Dumort,  Anal.  Fain.  20.       1829. 


D()I)Di:k  I".\mii.y. 


White  or  yellow  slender  parasites,  dextrorsely  twining,  the  leaves  reduced  to 
minute  alternate  .scales.  Calyx  inferior,  5-lobed  or  5-parted  (rarely  4-lobed  or 
4-parted),  or  of  5  distinct  sepals.  Corolla  campanulate,  ovoid,  nrceolate  or 
cvlindric,  5-lobed  (rarely  4-lobed),  the  lobes  imbricated  in  the  bud,  the  tube 
bearing  as  many  fimbriate  or  crenulate  .scales  as  there  are  lobes  and  alternate 
with  tliem,  or  these  sometimes  obsolete.  Stamens  as  many  as  the  corolla-lobes 
and  alternate  with  them,  in.serted  in  the  throat  or  .sinuses  above  the  .scales,  .short- 
exserted  or  included;  filaments  .short  or  slender;  anthers  .short,  ovate  or  oval, 
obtuse,  2-celled,  the  .sacs  longitudinally  dehiscent.  Ovary  globo.se  to  oblong, 
2-celled;  ovules  2  in  each  cavity;  styles  2,  terminal,  separate,  or  rarely  united 
below;  stigmas  linear  or  capitate.  Capsule  globo.se  or  ovoid,  circum.scissile, 
irregularly  bursting  or  indehi.scent,  1-4-seeded.  Seeds  glabrous,  globose  or 
angular;  embryo  linear,  terete,  curved  or  spiral,  its  apex  bearing  1-4  minute 
alternate  scales,  endosperm  fleshy;  cotyledons  none. 

I.   CUSCUTA  L.  Sp.  PI.  124.      1753. 

Characters  of  the  family.  The  filiform  twining  stems  are  parasitic  on  herbs  and  shrubs 
by  numerous  minute  suckers.  The  seeds  germinate  in  the  soil  and  the  plantlet  attaches  it- 
self to  its  host,  its  root  and  lower  portion  soon  perishing.  The  subsequent  nutrition  of  the 
parasite  is  apparently  wholly  through  its  suckers.  Indications  of  a  small  amount  of  coloring 
matter,  possibly  chloropliyll,  have  been  observed  in  one  species.     [Name  from  the  Arabic] 

.\bout  ii«)  species,  of  wide  K^oKraphic  distribution,  liesides  the  foUuwinif,  some  15  others 
occur  in  the  soullicni  and  western  parts  of  North  .\inerica.     Known  as  Dodder,  or  StraUKle-weed. 

^   Corolla-scales  crenulate  ;  stigmas  slender;  capsule  circumscissile. 
.Scales  cicnulate  al)Ove,  not  in.iirved.  1.   C.  K(>iliiiuin. 

HcaKs  crenulate  all  around,  slrouifly  incurved.  2.   C  l-.pilhymum. 

vr   -X-   Corolla-scales  fringed;  stigmas  capitate;  capsule  indehiscent. 
Sepals  united  below  into  a  (faniosepalous  calyx. 

Mowers  very  nearly  sessile;  corolla  persistent  at  the  base  of  the  capside. 

Comlla  scales  ovate,  fringed  all  around;  calyx-lobes  obtuse.  ,^.   C.  ar:ensis. 

Corolla  scales  abortive,  or  of  a  few  processes:  calyx-lobes  acutisli.        4.   C.  Polygonniiim, 
riowers  distinctly  pedicelled;  corolla  enclosing  or  capping  the  capsule,  or  at  length  deciduous. 
Tijis  of  the  corolla  lobes  incurved  or  reflexed. 

Scales  ovate,  fringed  all  around;  capsule  enclosed  by  the  corolla.  ,s.   C.  hidecora. 
Scales  abortive,  or  of  a  few  slender  processes;  corolla  capping  the  capsule. 

6.     ■   " 
Corolla  lobes  s])reading  or  recurved. 

Scales  small,  irregularly  fringed;  capsule  depressed-globose. 
Scales  long,  fringed  mainly  above;  capsule  pointed. 
Corolla  I  '  ■"  long;  capsule  globose,  short-pointed. 
I'Mowers  2"-,V'  long;  capsule  oval,  long-])ointed. 
Sejjals  separ.itc,  subtended  by  similar  br.icts, 

I'lowers  cyniose,  pedicelled;  scales  short;  bracts  entire. 
Flowers  closely  sessile  in  dense  clusters;  bracts  serrulate, 
liracts  few,  broad,  appressed:  styles  as  long  as  the  ovary. 
Hracts  numerous,  narrow,  their  tips  recurved;  styles  longer  than  the  ovary. 

12.  C.  paiadoxa. 

I.    Cuscuta  Epilinum  Weihe.      Flax 
Dodder.     (Fig.  2956.) 

Cuscti/a  I'/filiiuim  Weilu.  Arcliiv.  .\potli.  8:  54,    \'<2\. 
Custii/a   deiisijlura    SoyerWilleni.    Act.    Soc.    I.inn. 
Paris,  4:  2S1.      iSaft. 

Stems  very  slender,  yellow  or  red;  flowers  ses- 
sile in  dense  clusters,  yellowish  white,  about  I'/i" 
long.  Calyx  hemispheric,  5-lol)cd,  the  lobes 
ovate,  acute,  as  long  as  the  corolla-tube;  corolla 
short,  cylindtic,  becoming  urceolatc,  ,s-lol)ed,  the 
lobes  ovate,  acutish,  spreading,  its  scales  .short, 
erect,  less  thati  one-half  the  length  of  the  tube,  a- 
cleft  or  emarginate,  crenulate  above,  the  crenula- 
tions  not  extending  to  the  base;  stigmas  linear-fili- 
form; capsule  circumscissile,  the  withering  corolla 
borne  on  its  summit. 

On  flax,  Xova  .Scotia  to  New  Jersey  and  Pennsylva- 
nia. Introduced  from  luirope.  Native  also  of  Asia. 
]uly-Aug. 


C.  Coiyli. 

C.  Ccphalanthi. 


C. 
C. 


Oroiiot'ti. 
tos/iata. 


C.  cuspidal  a. 
C.  compacla. 


CUSCUTACEAE. 


LVoi,.  III. 


2.    Cuscuta  Epithymum  Murr.      Thyme 

Dodder.     Lesser  or  Clover  Dodder. 

(Fig.  2957.) 

Cttscula  Ef>ilhymiim  Murr.  in  I,.  Syst.  Ivd.  13,  140.  1774. 
Cuscula  Tri/olii  Wah.  I'liytol.  i:.i67.      iSjv 

Stems  filiform,  red;  flowers  sessile  in  small 
dense  clusters,  pinkish,  about  1"  long.  Calyx 
variable,  4-5-lobed,  more  than  one-half  the  length 
of  the  cylindric  corolla-tube,  the  lobes  acute ; 
corolla  4-5-lobcd,  the  lobes  erect,  about  one-half  as 
long  as  the  tube,  acute,  its  scales  strongly  incurved, 
crenulatc  nearly  or  cjuitc  to  the  base;  stigmas  fili- 
form; capsule  circumscissile,  capped  by  the  wither- 
ing corolla. 

On  clover,  Ontario  laccordiuK  to  Fowler);  Alder 
Lake,  N.  Y.,  on  As/e>'  lali  ri/loiiis\  Sellursville.  and 
Susquehanna  Co.,  I'a.  Introduced  from  liurope,  where 
it  occurs  on  tliynu-,  clover  and  other  low  plants.  July- 
Scpt. 


Field 


3.  Cuscuta  arvensis  Beyrich. 

Dodder.     (Fig.  2958.) 

Cuscuta  arvensis  IJcyricli;  Hook.  1*1.  Hor.  .\m. 
2: 77.     As  synonym.     iS,^4. 

riant  pale  yellow;  stems  filiform,  the 
flowers  nearly  sessile  in  small  clusters. 
Caly.^  broad,  5-lobed,  the  lobes  broad,  obtuse; 
corolla  nearly  campanulate,  5-lobed,  the 
lobes  acute  or  acuminate,  as  long  as  the  tube, 
their  tips  rcflcxed,  its  scales  large,  ovate,  as 
long  as  or  longer  than  the  tube,  densely 
fringed  all  around  with  short  irregular  pro- 
cesses; stamens  not  exserted;  style  shorter 
than  the  ovary;  stigmas  capitate;  capsule 
depressed-globose,  indehiscent,  the  wither- 
ing corolla  and  usually  the  stamens  per- 
sistent at  its  base. 

On  various  herbs  and  low  slirubi^,  Xew  York 
to  Manitoba  and  the  Norlhwist  Territory,  .south 
to  Florida,  Texas,  Mexico  and  California.  .\lso 
in  South  America.     ]uly-Aug. 


4.    Cuscuta  Polygonorum  luigelni. 


Smart- weed  Dodder. 


(Fig.  2959.) 
.\m.  Jourii.  Sci. 


Ciisciila  Polvgonortim  Jvnffilm. 

43:  .^42.      pl./>.    f.  2h-2<).        |S|2. 

C.  clilormait^a  ICuifelm.;  .\.  Cray,  ^Fan.  ,vsi>.    1^48. 

riant    orange-yellow ;     stems    slender    but 

rather  coarse;  flowers  sessile  or  nearly  so  in 

dense   clusters.      Calyx   short,  4-5lobed,    the 

lobes    ovate-oblong,    acute   or    aculish;    lobes 

of  the  corolla  4  or  5,  triangular-ovate,  acute, 

mostly  as  long  as  the  tube,  the  scales  usually 

obsolete,  wanting,  or  consisting  of  only  2  or  3 

slender  processes  on  each  side  of  the  attached 

lower  portion  of  the  filament;  filaments  mostly 

slender;  styles  shorter  than  the  ovary;  stigmas 

capitate;  capsule  globose,  the  withering  corolla 

persistent  at  its  base. 

On  Pol yi;o>ui III s  a\\t\  other  herbs,  Minnesota  to 
Arkansas  in  the  Mississippi  Valley.  Also  in 
rennsylvania  and  Delaware.  Range  probably 
more  extensive.    July  Sipt. 


r 


Vol..  III.] 


DODDER  FAMILY 


5.  Cuscuta  indecdra  Choisj-.    Pretty 
Dodder.     (Fig.  2960.) 

Cuscula  iiidcci>ia  Clioisy,  Jltm.  Soc.  Cieti.   9: 

2:S-  /"'•..■■  /.•;.     i"-M- 

C.  f^iihlini  iina  Scheclt',  I.innaea.  21:  7511.  1S48. 
Ciisntla    ilcccra    Clioisy;    ICiiBclin.   Trans.    St. 

I.ouis  Acad,  i:  501.      iS,si> 

Stems  rather  stout;  flowers  I 'j"  lonj;, 
pedicclled  in  loose  cyiues,  more  or  less 
papillose.  Calyx  5-lobe(l,  the  lobes  ovale 
to  lanceolate,  acute,  mostly  shorter  than  the 
corolla-tulie;  corolla  campanulate,  5-lobed, 
the  lobes  triangular,  minutely  crenulate, 
spreading,  nearly  as  long  as  the  tube,  their 
tips  inflexed;  scales  ovale,  erect,  irregularly 
fringed  with  short  processes  all  around;  sta- 
mens slightly  exserted,  or  included;  stigmas 
capitate;  capsule  oblong,  acute,  enveloped 
by  the  withering  corolla. 

On  various  herbs  and  low  shrubs,  Illinois  to 
Nebraska,  south  to  I'Morida,  Texas  and  Mexico, 
in  several  forms.  .Mso  in  tlic  West  Indies  and 
South  .■Vinerica.  Corolla  white;  Btijfmas  often 
yellow  or  purple.    June  Aur. 


K^ 


6.    Cuscuta  Coryli  Kngelin.      Hazel 
Dodder.     (Fig.  2961.) 

Cuscula  Cotyli'En^QXm.  Am.  Journ.  Sci.  43:337. 

/.  7-1 1.      1842. 
Cuscula  inftcxa  lingelm.  Trans.  St.  I.ouis  .Vcad. 

1:502.      1859. 

Stems  coarse;  flowers  about  \"  long,  pedi- 
celled  in  loose,  or  rather  dense  cymes.  Calyx 
4-5-lobed,  the  lobes  triangular  or  triangular- 
lanceolate,  acutisb,  about  as  long  as  the 
corolla-tube;  corolla  campanulate,  4-5-lobed, 
the  lobes  minutely  crenulate,  nearly  erect, 
triangular,  acute,  about  as  long  as  the  tube, 
their  tips  inflexed;  scales  small,  oval,  obtuse, 
often  with  only  a  few  processes  on  each 
side;  stamens  scarcely  exserted;  styles 
shorter  than  the  ovary;  stigmas  capitate; 
capsule  oblong,  pointed,  enveloped  or  at 
length  capped  by  the  withering  corolla. 

On  the  hazels  and  other  shrubs  or  tall  herbs, 
Connecticut  to  Virginia,  west  to  Nebraska  ami 
Arkan.sas.     July-Aug. 


But- 


7.   Cuscuta  Cephalanthi  Kngeliu. 
ton-bush  Dodder.     (Fig.  2962.) 

Cuscula  Ceftlialaiillii  luiKclni.  .\m.  Journ.  Sei.  43:  536. 

pi.  6.  f.  1-6.      1S42. 
Cuscuta  lenuijlora  ICuKclin.;  A.  Cray,  Man.  350.     1848. 

riant  yellow,  stems  rather  coarse ;  flowers  about 
\"  long,  short-pedicelled,  clustered;  calyx  5-lobed, 
the  lobes  ovate,  obtuse,  shorter  than  the  corolla- 
tube;  corolla  cylindric-campanulate,  its  lobes  ovate,  N.- 
obtuse  and  rounded,  spreading,  one-half  the  length  \^ 
of  the  tube  or  less;  scales  about  as  long  as  the 
lobes,  fringed  mainly  toward  the  apex  with  ir- 
regular processes;  stamens  included;  styles  slender, 
about  as  long  as  the  ovary,  shorter  than  the  ripe 
capsule;  stigmas  capitate;  capsule  depressed-glo- 
bose, xYi"  in  diameter,  surrounded  or  cappetl  by 
the  withering,  at  length  deciduous  corolla. 

On  shrubs  and  tall  herbs,  Pennsylvania  to  Minne- 
sota and  the  Northwest  Territory,  south  to  Texas  and 
Arizona.    July-Aug. 


30 


CUSCin'ACEAE. 


[Vor,.  III. 


8.   Cuscuta  Grondvii  Willd.     Grono- 
vius'  Dodder.    Love-vine.   (Fig.  2963.) 

C.  Gionnzii  Willd.:  K.  iS:  S.  Syst.  6:  205.      isjo. 
Ciisi  Ilia  ''iili;i:ai;a  ICngelin.  Am.  Journ.  Sci.  43: 

3,;s.   pi.  6' /.  i.'-i'i.      18.(2. 

Stems  yellow  to  orange,  slender,  liigli-clinib- 
ing;  flowers  usually  short-pediccUed,  num- 
erous in  dense  cymes.  Calyx  not  bractcd, 
its  lobes  ovate,  obtuse,  shorter  than 
the  corolla-tube;  corolla  cauipanulate,  about 
I /i"  long,  the  lobes  ovate,  obtuse,  rounded, 
spreading,  nearly  as  long  as  the  tube,  the 
scales  narrow,  equalling  or  longer  than  the 
tube,  thickly  fringed  about  the  summit  and 
sparingly  along  the  sides  with  long  slender 
processes;  styles  sleuder,  not  as  long  as  the 
ovary;  stigmas  capitate;  capsule  globose, 
short-pointed  or  pointless,  i%"  m  diameter, 
enveloped  or  capped  by  the  withering  de- 
ciduous corolla. 

( )n  herbs  and  low  shrubs,  Xova  .Scotia  to  Man- 
itoba, Florida  and  Texas.     VariabK-.    July~Aug. 


9.  Cuscuta  rostrata  Slmttlw.  Beaked 
Dodder,     (Fig.  2964.) 

Ciisiiilir  ntshalii  ShiittUv. ;  UnRelni.  liost.  Journ. 
Nat.  Hist.  5;  225.      1S45. 

Stems  coarse,  yellowish  white;  flowers 
larger  than  in  any  of  our  other  species, 
loosely  cymose,  pcdicelled.  CaU-x  gamo- 
sepalous,  5-lobcd,  the  lobes  ovate-triangular, 
shorter  than  the  corolla-tube;  corolla  caui- 
panulate, 2"-2,"  long,  white,  its  lobes 
broadly  ovate,  obtuse,  about  as  long  as  the 
calyx-lobes;  scales  narrow,  sometimes  spatu- 
late,  shorter  than  the  tube,  heavily  fringed 
at  the  summit  and  sparingly  along  the  sides 
with  long  slender  processes;  stamens  in- 
cluded; styles  slender,  about  as  long  as  the 
flask-shaped  ovary;  stigmas  capitate;  cap- 
sule oval,  long-beaked. 

On  herbs  and  shrubs,  Marj-land  to  South  Car- 
olina and  Georgia  in  the  AUeglianies.   July-Sept. 


10. 


Cus- 


Cuscuta  cuspidata  Kiigelin. 
pidate  Dodder.     (Fig.  2965.) 

Ciisciila  ciispidala  ICiigelin.  Host.  Journ.  Nat.  Hist. 

5:  224.      iSi5. 

Plant  yellowish;  stems  slender;  flowers  in 
loose  paniclcd  cymes,  about  lyi"  long.  Calyx 
of  5  distinct  entire  sepals,  shorter  than  the 
corolla-tube,  with  2-4  similar  bracts  at  its  base 
and  often  others  on  the  pedicels;  sepals  orbicu- 
lar to  lanceolate,  cuspidate,  mucronate  or  acum- 
inate; corolla  nearly  salverform,  its  lobes  trian- 
gular-lanceolate or  oblong,  acute  or  cuspidate, 
spreading,  about  one-half  the  length  of  the  tube; 
scales  narrow,  usually  less  than  one-half  as  long 
as  the  tttbe,  fringed  all  around  with  short  irre- 
gular processes;  stamens  not  exserted;  styles 
very  slender,  longer  than  the  ovary;  stigmas 
capitate;  capsule  bearing  the  withered  corolla 
on  its  summit. 

On  coarse  herbs,  Nebraska  to  Missouri  and  Texas. 
July-Sept. 


\0h.  III.] 


DODDER  FAMILY. 


9 

Cus- 

Hist. 


trian- 
Mdate, 
I  tube; 
s  long 
t  irre- 
styles 
iguias 
lorolla 


II.  Cuscuta  compdcta  Jus.s.     Compact 
Dodder.     (Fig.  2966.) 

Cn.iciila  compacia  Juss. ;  Clioisy,  Mem.  Soc.  Gcii. 
9:281.  1.4.  f.  2.     i8|i. 

riant  yellowish  white,  stems  rather  stout; 
flowers  about  2"  long,  closely  sessile  in  dense 
clusters.  Calyx  of  5  (rarely  4I  ilistinct  oval 
crenulate  obtuse  sepals,  subtended  by  ,^-5  sim- 
ilar rhombic-orbicular  apj)ressed  serrulate 
bracts;  corolla  salverforni,  persistent,  the  tube 
cylindric,  its  5  (rarely  4  i  lobes  oblong  or  ovate, 
obtuse,  spreading,  much  shorter  than  the  tube, 
the  scales  narrow,  one-half  the  length  of  the 
tube,  fringed  with  numerous  long  processes; 
stamens  included;  styles  slender,  shorter  than 
or  as  long  as  the  ovary;  capsule  oblong,  envel- 
oped or  capped  by  the  withering  coiolla. 

On  shrubs,  Ontario  to  southern  Niw  York  and 
Alabama,  west  to  Kansas  and  Ttxas.    July-Stpt. 

12.   Cuscuta  paradoxa  Raf.      Glom- 
erate Dodder.       (Fig.  2967.) 

Ciiscii la  paradoxa  Kaf.  Ann.  Nat.  13.      1S21). 
Ciiscula  ,i;lo)iiriala   Clioisy,  Mem.  Sac.  (Icn.  9: 

iS).  pi.  4.  f.  I.  iS)i. 
Lepidaiichc  loiiipusilarum  Rngclni.  Am.  Journ. 
Sci.  43::vl-l-  f-.t>K<>  i!>42- 
Plant  yellowish  white,  stems  slender;  flow- 
ers sessile,  iJ2"long,  exceedingly  numerous 
in  dense  confluent  clusters  covering  portions 
of  the  stem  of  the  host-plant.  Calyx  of  5 
distinct  concave  oblong  obtuse  scrnilate 
sepals,  subtended  by  .S-15  narrower  serrulate 
much  imbricated  bracts  with  recurved  tips; 
corolla  tube  oblong-cylindric,  its  lobes  ob- 
long-lanceolate or  triangular-lanceolate,  ob- 
tuse, spreading  or  recurved,  persistent;  scales 
co])iously  fringed  at  the  summit  and  sparingly 
along  the  sides  with  numerous  long  pro- 
cesses; styles  2-4  times  as  long  as  the  ovary; 
capsule  capped  by  the  withering  corolla. 

On   tall    liorhs,    mainly  Compositae,   Ohio  to 
Minnusola,  Missouri  and  Texas.    July-Sept. 

Family  21.     POLEMONIACEAE  DC.  Fl.  Franc.  3:  645.       1805. 

PlILOX    l''.\MII.N-. 

Herbs,  some  species  slightly  woody,  with  alternate  or  opposite  entire 
lobed  or  dissected  leaves.  Flowers  perfect,  corymbose-capitate,  cymose  or 
paniculate,  regular,  or  nearly  regular.  Calyx  inferior,  tubular  or  campaiui- 
late,  5-cleft,  the  lobes  or  teeth  slightly  imbricated.  Corolla  gamopetalous, 
funnelform,  saucer-shaped,  campanulate  or  rotate,  the  limb  5-parted,  the  lobes 
contorted.  Stamens  5,  inserted  on  the  tube  of  the  corolla  and  alternate  with 
its  lobes;  filaments  slender  or  filiform;  anthers  ovate,  oblong  or  linear,  versa- 
tile, 2-celled,  the  sacs  longittidinally  dehiscent.  Ovary  superior,  mostly 
3-celled;  ovules  2-00  in  each  cavity,  amphitropous;  style  simple,  filiform; 
stigmas  3,  linear.  Capsule  mostly  loculicidally  3-valved.  Seeds  various,  some- 
times winged,  sometimes  enveloped  in  mucilage  and  emitting  spiral  tubes  when 
wetted;  endosperm  present;  embryo  straight;  cotyledons  flat;  radicle  inferior. 

About  10  genera  and  2(X)  species,  most  abundant  in  Western  America,  a  few  in  temperate 
l';uroi>e  and  Asia. 

Ciilyx  distended  ami  at  length  ruptured  by  the  ripening  capsule. 

Corolla  salverform;  leaves  opposite,  entire.  i.  Phlox. 

Corolla  funnelform,  tubular,  salverform  or  campanulate;  leaves  alternate  or  opposite. 

2.  Cilia. 


32 


rOLKMONIACEAE. 


[Vol..  III. 


Calyx  not  distended  nor  ruptnrid  l)y  tlic  cajjsulc;  leaves  altirnate. 

Calyx-teeth  lutbaceons,  not  spiniilost-  tipped. 
Stamens  declined;  leaves  pinnate. 
Stamens  straiRlit  and  leaves  entire  in  our  species. 

Caly.\  teeth  spinulose  lipped;  leaves  pitniatifid. 


3.  Poli'iiioiiium. 

4.  Collomia. 

5.  Naverielia. 


I.    PHLOX  L.  Sp.  PI.  151.       17.53. 

Perennial  or  rarely  annual,  erect  or  diffuse  lierbs,  with  opposite  entire  leaves,  or  some  of 
the  upper  ones  alternate,  and  larj;c  blue  purple  red  or  white  flowers,  in  terminal  cymes  or 
cyniose  panicles.  Calyx  tubular  or  tubular-campauulate,  .s-ribbed,  5-cleft,  the  lobes  acute  or 
acuminate,  mostly  scarious-inarj;ined  and  the  sinuses  commonly  scarious.  Corolla  salver- 
form,  the  tube  narrow,  the  limb  5-lobed;  lobes  obovatc,  orbicular  or  obcordate,  spreading. 
Stamens  straight,  short,  unequally  inserted  on  the  corollatubc.  Ovary  oblong  or  ovoid,  3- 
cclled;  style  usually  slender;  ovules  1-4  in  each  cavity.  Capsule  ovoid,  3-valved,  at  length 
distending  and  rupturing  the  calyx-tube.  Seeds  ovoid,  wingless  or  narrowly  winged,  not 
emitting  spiral  threads  when  wetted,     [(^rcek,  flame.] 

About  \i)  species,  natives  of  North  America  and  Kussian  Asia.  Besides  the  followius  some 
14  others  occur  in  the  southern  and  western  [laits  of  North  America. 

Leaves  flat,  ovate,  oblontf,  lanceolate  or  linear. 

Cymes  panicled;  flowers  short  pedicelUd  or  sessile. 

Calyx  teeth  subulate;  leaves  oblong,  oblonjflanceolate  or  ovate-lanceolate. 


Calyx-teeth  lanceolate,  acute;  leaves  lanceolate  or  ovate,  acuminate. 
Cymes  corymbose,  simple,  or  flowers  scattered. 
I'l'iwering;  stems  erect  or  ascending,  simple. 
Plants  glabrous  or  nearly  so. 

Leaves  ovate  or  oblong;  calyx-teeth  acute. 
Leaves  lanceolate  or  linear;  caly.x  teeth  subulate-lanceolate. 
Plants  pubescent,  hirsute  or  villous. 

Stems  erect  or  ascending;  no  prostrate  sterile  shoots. 
Leaves  linear  or  lanceolate,  acuminate,  spreading. 
Leaves  linear-oblong,  acute  or  obtuse,  nearly  erect. 
Stems  ascending  or  reclining;  sterile  slioots  prostrate. 

Lower  leaves  and  those  of  tlie  steriU'  slioots  oblong  or  ovate. 
Lower  leaves  and  those  of  the  sterile  shoots  obovate. 
Stems  diffusely  branched,  usually  creeping;  leaves  narrow. 
Corolla-lobes  cleft  to  or  about  the  middle. 
Corolla  lobes  cleft  only  at  the  apex. 
Corolla-lobes  rounded;  western. 
Leaves  subul.ate,  fascicled  or  crowded;  jilants  low. 

Stems  creeping  or  a.scending;  flowers  cyniose;  eastern. 
Densely  tufted;  flowers  mostly  solitary;  western. 
j_     Leaves  densely  white-woolly,  i"  long;  plant  moss-like. 
Leaves  less  woolly  or  merely  ciliate,  2"-6"  long. 
Corolla-tube  shorter  than  or  eciualliiig  the  calyx. 
Corolla-tube  longer  than  the  calyx 


P.  paiiiculala. 
P.  maciilala. 


P.  Kvala. 

P.  glaberrima. 

P.  f>ilOMl. 

P.  amnena. 

P.  diiaricata. 
P.  rcfitans. 

P.  bifida. 
P.  SI  ell  aria. 
P.  Kelseyi. 

P.  subiilala. 

P.  biyoides. 

P.  Iloodii. 
P.  Doiiglasii. 


I.    Phlox  paniculata  \^.     Garden 

Phlox.     (Fig.  2968.) 

Phlox  pauiculala  L.  Sp.  PI.  LSI.      I7,s.v 

Stem  erect,  stout  or  slender,  simple  or 
branched  above,  glabrous  or  ptiberulent,  2°- 
6°  high.  Leaves  thin,  sessile  or  short-petioled, 
oblong,  oblong-lanceolate  or  ovate-lanceolate, 
acute  or  acuminate  at  the  apex,  narrowed  at 
the  base,  or  the  uppe  inost  subcordate,  I'-b' 
long,  }i'-i;i'  wide;  flowers  short-pedicelled 
in  compact  paniculate  cymules,  the  inflores- 
cence often  12'  long;  calyx-teeth  subulate, 
glabrous,  puberulent  or  glandular,  more  than 
one-half  as  long  as  the  tube;  corolla  pink, 
purple  or  white,  its  lobes  broadly  obovate, 
rounded,  entire,  shorter  than  its  tube;  capsule 
oval,  obtuse,  slightly  longer  than  the  ruptured 
calyx-tube. 

In  woods  and  thickets,  Pennsylvania  to  Florida, 
west  to  Illinois  and  Louisiana.  Freely  escaped 
from  gardens  in  the  north  and  east.    July-Sept. 


Voh.  III.] 


PHLOX   FAMILY 


^  2.   Phlox  maculata  L.     Wild  Sweet- 

William.     (Fig.  2969. ) 

Plilox  maculala  I,.  Sp.  I'l.  i^J.      1753. 

Phlox  suazeolois  Wx..  llort.  Kew.  i:  2t/).      1789. 

Stem  sleti'l-r,  erect,  simple,  or  brancheil 
al)Ovc,  glabrous  or  puljcrulent,  usually  flecked 
with  purple,  i.'.'°-3°  liisli.  Leaves  lanceo- 
late or  the  upper  ovate-lanceolate,  glabrous, 
rather  firm,  long-acuminate,  sessile,  rounded 
or  subcordate  at  the  base,  2'-5'  long,  wiilest 
just  above  the  base,  the  lowest  sometimes 
linear-lanceolate;  (lowers  short-pedicelled,  the 
compact  cymules  forming  an  elongated  nar- 
row thyrsoid  panicle;  calyx-teeth  triangular- 
lanceolate,  acute,  or  acuminate,  about  one- 
fourth  the  length  of  the  tube;  corolla  pink  or 
purple,  rarely  white,  its  lobes  rounded,  shorter 
than  the  tube;  capsule  similar  to  that  of  the 
preceding  species. 

In  nidist  woods  and  alonfr  stnanis,  New  Jersey 
t(j  I'Murida.  west  to  Minnesota  and  Tennessee. 
Occasionally  escaped  frmn  gardens  lurther  north. 
/'.  iiiaciiltila  var.  iuinlicdi  Miclix.  (P.  sii<i:r'<i/fi/s 
Ait. )  is  a  form  with  wliite  flowers  and  unspotted 
stem,  occurring  with  the  type.    Jiine-Aun. 


3.    Phlox  ovata  L,.      Mountain  Phlox. 

(Fig.  2970.) 

P/ilo.r  (K'a/a  L.  Sp.  PI.  152.      175,;. 

Phlox  Carolina  t,.  Sp.  I'l.  Kd.  2,  216.      1762. 

Glabrous  or  nearlj'  so  throughout;  stems  sim- 
ple, slender,  ascending  from  a  decumbent  base, 
i°-2°  high.  Leaves  rather  firm,  the  upper 
ovate  or  ovate-lanceolate,  sessile  by  a  rounded 
or  subcordate  base,  acute  at  the  apex,  i'-2' 
long,  the  lower  and  basal  ones  longer,  oblong 
or  ovate-oblong,  acute  at  both  ends,  narrowed 
into  slender  often  margined  petioles;  flowers 
short-pedicelled  in  corymbed  or  sometimes  sim- 
ple cymes;  calyx-teeth  lanceolate  or  triangular- 
lanceolate,  acute,  or  acuminate,  one-third  to 
one-half  the  length  of  the  tube;  corolla  pink  or 
red,  its  lobes  obovate,  rounded,  entire. 

In  woods.  Pennsylvania  to  North  Carolina  and 
Alabama,  mostly  in  tlie  mountains.     May-Aug. 


'lorida, 
scaped 
■Sept. 


4.    Phlox  glaberrima  L.     Smooth  Phlox. 
(Fig.  2971.) 

Phlox  glaberrima  L.  Sp.  PI.  152.      1753. 

Glabrous  or  nearly  so  throughout;  stem  simple, 
slender,  erect  or  ascending,  i°-2°  high.  Leaves 
lanceolate  or  linear,  rather  firm,  mostly  i-nerved, 
acuminate  at  the  apex,  narrowed  at  the  base,  i]4'-A' 
long,  2"-()"  wide,  sessile,  or  the  lowest  linear  or  ob- 
long, obtusish,  shorter,  and  short-petioled ;  flowers 
short-pedicelled,  the  cymules  corymbetl;  calyx- 
teeth  subulate-lanceolate,  one-third  to  one-half  the 
length  of  the  tube ;  corolla  commonly  pink,  its 
lobes  obovate,  rounded,  or  obcordate,  longer  than 
the  tube. 

_  In  open  woods  and  on  prairies,  Virginia  to  Wiscon- 
sin, south  to  Florida  and  Kentucky.  Ascends  to  2200 
ft.  in  Virginia.  IJroad-lcaved  southern  forms  approach 
the  preceding  species.    May-July. 


34 


POLEMONIACEAK. 


[Vol,.  III. 


5.    Phlox  pildsa  L.      Downy  Phlox. 
(Fig.  2972.) 

J'lilov  piliisa  I,.  Sp.  PI.  153.      \-^i,. 

Soft  downy  or  liiiiry,  often  ulaiululnr;  stem 
erect  or  asceiidiiig,  simple  or  branched,  slen- 
der, i°-2°  high.  Leaves  linear  or  lanceolate, 
spreading  or  divaricate,  loiig-acuniinate,  i'-t,' 
long,  i|^"-4"  wide,  sessile,  the  hase  nar- 
rowed or  rounded;  cynuiles  corynihed;  flow- 
ers short-pedieelled;  calyx  glandular,  viscid, 
its  teeth  setaceous-subulate,  longer  than  the 
tube;  corolla  pink,  purple,  or  white,  its  lobes 
obovate,  entire,  the  tube  usually  pubescent; 
capsule  shorter  than  the  calyx. 

In  dry  soil,  Ontario  to  Manitoba,  New  Jersey, 
Florida,  Akansas  and  Texas,     April-Junt. 


6,    Phlox  amoena  Sims.     Hairy  Phlox. 
(Fig.  2973.) 

/"///D.r  awor^a  Sims,  Hot.  Jlag.  pl.i;a<.      iSki. 

Usually  quite  hairy;  steins  simple,  slender,  as- 
cending, 6'-iS'  high.  Leaves  linear-oblong,  sessile, 
acute  or  obtuse  at  the  apex,  luostly  narrowed  at  the 
base,  nearly  erect,  Yi'-iyi'  long,  i/<'''-2;^"  wide, 
the  lowest  much  shorter;  flowers  very  nearly  sessile 
in  a  dense  terminal  simple  or  somewhat  compound 
cyme,  which  is  subtended  by  the  uppermost  pair  of 
leaves;  calyx  hirsute,  its  teeth  subulate,  as  long  as 
or  shorter  than  the  tube;  corolla  pink  or  white,  its 
lobes  obovate,  entire  or  rarely  emarginatc,  shorter 
than  the  glabrous  tube. 

In  dry  soil,  Virsrinia  to  Tennessee,  Florida  and 
Georgia.     April-June. 


7.    Phlox  divaricata  1,.      Wild  Blue 
Phlox.     (Fig.  2974.) 

Phlox  divaricata  h.  Sp.  PI.  152.      1753. 

Finely  viscid-pubescent;  stems  ascending  or 
diffuse,  slender,  producing  creeping  or  ascend- 
ing leafy  shoots  from  the  base.  Leaves  of  the 
sterile  shoots  oblong  or  ovate,  obtuse,  i'-2'' 
long,  Uiose  of  the  flowering  stems  lanceolate, 
ovate-lanceolate,  or  oblong,  mostly  acute  or 
acutish;  flowers  pedicelled  in  open  corymbed 
cymules,  faintly  fragrant;  calyx-teeth  subu- 
late, longer  than  the  tube;  corolla  bluish,  its 
lobes  obcordate,  emarginate  or  ent'»-e,  not 
very  much  longer  than  the  tube ;  capsule 
oblong-globose,  about  2"  high. 

In  moist  woods,  Ontario  to  Minnesota,  south  to 
Pennsylvania,  Florida,  Louisiana  and  Arkansas. 
Ascends  to  3700  ft.  in  Virginia.  Sometimes  called 
Wild  Sweet  William.    April-June. 


Vol..  III.] 


ritl.OX    FAMILY 


8.   Phlox  reptans  Michx.     Crawling 


Phlox.     (Fig.  2975.) 

riilox  ), plans  Michx.  Fl.  lien,  Am.  1:  i  |i 


i8<)V 


Hirsute  or  pubescent;  stems  slender,  dilTuse, 
producing  sterile  creeping'  leafy  shoots  from 
the  base.  Leaves  of  tlie  sterile  shoots  obovate, 
obtuse  at  tlie  ape.\,  i'-^'  lon^,  narrowed  at  the 
base  into  petioles;  (lowering  stems  4'-S'  hiKh, 
their  leaves  oblong  or  lanceolate,  acute  or  ob- 
tuse, smaller;  flowers  in  a  simple  or  barely  com- 
pound cyme,  slender-pedicelled;  calyx-teeth 
linear-subulate,  as  long  as  the  tube  or  longer; 
corolla  pink,  purple, or  violet,  its  lobes  rounded, 
mostly  entire,  about  one-half  the  length  of  the 
tube;  capsule  subglobose,  I'/t"  high. 

Ill  woods,  Pciinsvlvania  to  Georgia  and  Ken 
lucky,  mainly  in  tlu-  mountains.     Ascends  to  iskj 
ft.  in  Virginia.     April  June. 


9.    Phlox  bifida  Beck. 


Cleft  Phlox.     (Fig.  2976.) 

/'.  hi/ulu  licck,  .Am.  Jnurn.  ,Sci.  II:  170.  \^2(i. 
I'uberulent  or  pubescent;  stems  diffuse, 
somewhat  woody,  much  branched,  slender, 
often  1°  long,  the  branches  erect  or  asceiid- 
i"J?.  \'-'^'  liigh.  Leaves  of  sterile  shoots 
linear,  sessile,  I'-j'  long,  i"-2"  wide, 
acute,  those  of  flowering  branches  linear- 
oblong  or  lanceolate,  much  shorter;  flowers 
in  simple  cymes  or  solitary  in  the  axils, 
-slender-pedicelled;  pedicels  3"-i2"  long; 
caly.\-tceth  lanceolate-subulate,  somewhat 
longer  than  the  tube;  corolla  pale  purple, 
its  lobes  shorter  than  the  tube,  cuueate,  2-3- 
cleft  to  about  the  middle  into  linear  or 
oblong  obtuse  diverging  segments;  capsule 
oblong-globose,  i"-i;^"  high. 

Ill   dry  places,    Indiana  to   Teniussee   and 
Michigan.     .\pril-Juiie. 


10.    Phlox  Stellaria  A.  Gray. 

Chickweed  Phlox.      (Fig.  2977.) 

P/ilox  Slellaria  \.  Grav,  I'roc.  .\m.  .Vcad.  8;  ai" 
1S70. 

Glabrous  or  puberulent;  stems  difl"usc, 
somewhat  woody,  much  branched,  the 
branches  nearly  erect,  3'-S'  high.  Leaves 
all  linear,  or  linear-lanceolate,  sessile,  acute, 
i'-2'long,  i^-i^^'^wide;  flowers  in  simple 
cymes  or  solitary  in  the  axils,  slender-pedi- 
celled; calyx-teeth  subulate-lanceolate,  short- 
er than  the  tube;  corolla  pale  blue  or  nearly 
white,  its  lobes  cuneate,  alobed  at  the  apex, 
nearly  as  long  as  the  tube. 

On  cliffs,  southern  Illinois  and  Kentucky. 
April-May. 


36 


i'()ij;m(»niaci;.\k. 


[Vor,.  III. 


II.   Phlox  Kelseyi  Hritton. 


Kdsey's  rhlox.     (Pi),'.  2978.) 

l'hU>v  Kihi'vi  liiitlon,  lliiU.  Torr.  Club,  19:  32S. 

Miiny-stcimiic'il  from  a  woody  root,  the 
stems  sijreadinf;,  crci'i)iiiK.  or  nscelidiii},', 
soiiictiiiR's  S'  loiif{,  j;lal)rous,  or  sli^;litly  pu- 
liescent  above,  very  lealy.  Leaves  obUmj;, 
or  litiear-oldonK,  sessile,  glabrous,  or  nearly 
so,  .^"-i2"lonK,  i"-2"\vi(le,  or  the  upper 
longer  and  narrower,  thick,  ri^id,  the  apex 
spinosc-nuicronate,  the  revolute  margins  cil- 
iate;  llowcrs  sessile,  or  short-pedinulcd;  pc- 
dunelcs  ami  ealyx  somewhat  ulandnlar- 
])ubescent,  or  ulabrons;  calyx-teeth  subulate, 
as  lonn  ;is  the  tube,  or  longer;  roroUa-tube 
somewhat  exi-eedinj;  the  calyx,  the  lind) 
about  S"  broad,  blue  or  lilac,  the  obovate- 
cuneate  lobes  rounded  or  truncate. 

North  Dakota  to  Nebraska  and  Montana. 
May  Juni'. 


12.    Phlox  subulata  L.      Ground  or 

Moss  Pink.     (Fig.  297<).) 

riilo.r  suhulala  I,.  Sp.  I'l.  I,s2.      \'^,V 

I'ubescent  or  becoininj.;  glabrate,  everj^rcen; 
stems  tufted,  forininjj  mats,  diffuse,  much 
branched,  the  branches  2'-6'  lonj;.  Leaves 
subulate-linear,  linear-lanceolate  or  linear-ob- 
long, acute  or  acuminate,  .("-lo"lonj;,  ,'."-l" 
wide,  spreading,  ciliatc,  rigid,  commonly  fasci- 
cled at  the  nodes;  flowers  in  simiilc  cymes, 
slcnder-pedicclled;  calyx-teeth  subulate  from 
a  broader  bijse,  about  as  long  as  the  tube; 
corolla  pink,  purple  or  white,  its  lobes  obcor- 
date  or  entire,  shorter  than  the  tube;  capsule 
oblong,  nearly  2"  high. 

In  dry  sandy  or  rocky  soil,  snutheni  New  Vurk 
to  IMorida,  west  to  MicliiRan  ,iiul  Kiiituoky. 
Ascends  to  35e«j  ft.  in  Wist  Viininia.     .Vpril-June. 


Phlox  bryoides  Nutt. 
(Fig.  2980.) 

Plilov  biyoides  Nutt.  Journ.  .^cad.  I'hila.  (II.)  i;  153. 
1S4S. 

Depressed,  shrubby,  moss-like,  densely  branched 
from  a  deep  woody  root,  forming  compact  tufts 
2'-./  high.  Leaves  minute  (about  1"  long), 
closely  imbricated  in  4  ranks,  copiously  white- 
woolly,  triangular-lanceolate,  pale,  acute,  the  mar- 
gins iLfolded;  flowers  solitary  and  sessile  at  the 
ends  of  the  branches,  about  i'/z''  long;  tube  of  the 
corolla  longer  than  the  calyx,  its  lobes  broadly 
cuneate,  entire. 

On  dry  hills,  western  Nebraska  and  Wyomingf. 
May-July. 


Vol,.  Ill 


I'HI.oN    FAMILY. 


37 


14. 


/>/• 


Phlox   Hoddii  Richards.     Iluod'.s 
Phlox.     (FiK.  2ijSi.) 

J'lil.n-  Ifihulii  Kiclianls.  App.   l''niiik.  Journ.  7,1.1. 
.-.V.       l8j.(. 

iJeiisfly  turti'il  mid  branched  from  a  woody  root, 
2'-.\'  liinli.  I.fiivcs  iiiihriciited,  erect,  rijjid,  subu- 
late, imicroiiiitp,  somewhat  woolly  or  ciliatc,  he- 
coiiii:i>{  ubihrate,  2"  '>"  loiij.;;  (lowers  solitary  and 
sessile  at  the  cuds  of  tlie  liraiiclies,  al)o\il  5"  loiiff; 
calyx  teeth  lanceolate,  ncnniinalc,  ri^^id,  lonj;er 
than  the  tube;  tube  of  the  corolla  shorter  than  or 
C(|uallinj;  the  calyx,  its  lobes  obovatc,  entire. 

Ill  dry  satiily  nr  mckysdil,  Manitobi  to  the  Nortli- 
wi  st  'IVriJlorv,  sdutli  In  western  Nelii  isUa  and  Wyo- 
iiiitiK.     >tay  July. 


15.    Phlox  Douglasii  Hook.     Dotiglas'    •  O;.  L^^-<J>    VV';^  '  '  /Xj^^^ 
Phlox.      (Pig.  2yS2.)  "^^^4 V''/.4?^    >#'  CJ^ 

/■/,/,.  r  n.wgUisii  Hook.  n.  nor.  .\ni.  2:  7.,.  pi.  n.s\  .^JiV        W/ !^^^  I  ■•  Vv'  ^ 

Sii     Inr  to  the  precediii);  species;  leaves  pu-  y^   '^W^'^'^f^ 

bet.ce;,.  or  Klabrous,  less  imbricated,  sometimes  Vu     k^i:  T-^. 

spreading,  ri^id,  usually  fascicled  at  the  nodes,  ^Vll !_  V  '' ■^'"''<l/'/' 

4"-7''  loufj.     Mowers   solitary   and   sessile   or  y\\lj'-    •^,.  V -''■''/' 

sliort-pedicelle<l   at   the   ends   of  the  branches,  ^^>  , 

5"- 

acu 

calyx,  its  lobes  obovate,  entire.  ""'^^^^'H'll        '        3  f\}\ 

Pry  soil.   N.  braska  and   Mdiitaiia  to  ftali,  Call-  ~~~vl  **  ll''l 

fornia  and  lititisli  Cciliiiiibia.     May  July.  "  \/ 

Phlox  Douglasii  andicola  I'.rittou.  Mtiu.  Torr.  Club,  5:  ;('«).      i*9(. 
r/i/ov  Doii/rlasii  li>iii;il'oliii  .\.  Cray,  riuc.  .\iu.  .\cad.  8:  j.^t.     1-^7.1.     NdI  /'.  loiif;iJ\>!i\i  Null. 
Leaves  louner,  S"-  1  j"  loiijt,  less  fascicled  at  tlie  iiodis.     KaiiKc  of  the  type. 


preadinj,',  n^id,  usually  fascicled  at  the  nodes,    ^  ,yl\ '_  i^l  .,  ^^'u/P^-^'  ',/  /'~\ 

"-7''  loufj.     Mowers   solitary   and   sessile   or   yVllj-    •^,  ■  V -''■'!//        \\-  iJ^\       ) 
hort-pedicelled   at   the   ends   of  the  branches,       %^.  .  ^//r?^l/''''^V\ // /l^^ 
"-S''  long;   calyx-teeth    narrowly   lanceolate,        v^(\(i,  ^%il    1^^ yj!'^~^^'^-:i^\\ 
cuininate,    about  etiuallinj;   the  tulie;   tube   of         "i-JVVA'.x'f/   ')^j  i^^—"^     i/'j\ 
he  purple  or   white  corolla  longer  than   the  ■v-^ 'ViK'''llJ**^?!  ,  ^  ^^(M 


2.  GILIA  R.  cS:  P.  Prodr.  Fl.  Per.  25.  />/.  /.  1794. 
Herbs  with  opposite  or  alternate,  entire  pinnatifid  paltnatilid  or  dissected  leaves.  Flow- 
ers small  or  large,  solitary,  cyniose,  capitate,  thyrsoid,  or  paniculate.  Calyx  campanulate 
or  tubular,  5. toothed  or  5-cleft,  the  sinuses  usually  scarious.  Corolla  funnelfortn,  tubular, 
campanulate  or  rarely  salverform,  ,s-lobed,  the  lobes  ovate,  oblong,  or  obovatc.  Stamens 
equally  or  une(inally  inserteil  on  the  corolla,  included  or  exscrted.  Ovary  oblong  or  ovoid, 
.^-celled;  ovules  solitary  or  several  in  each  cavity.  Capsule  ovoid  or  oblong,  3-cclled,  at 
length  distending  and  rnpturinn  the  calyx.  Seed-coat  commonly  mucilaginous  when 
wetted,  in  .some  species  emitting  spiral  thread-like  tubes.  [Named  for  Philip  Gil,  a  Span- 
ish botanist.] 

.\bout  7,s  species,  natives  of  .Viuerioa.     llesides  tile  followiiiK,  some  .(S  otliers  occur  in  the 
soutliern  and  western  parts  of  Nortli  .\nierica. 
Leaves  entire. 

Flowers  paniculate,  I.   (7.  f^iaiilis. 

Flowers  narrowly  tlivrsoid  spicate,  6.  (A  spicahi. 

Leaves  piimately  divided,  pinnatilid  or  palinatifid. 

Leaves  palmatifid  into  5-7  rinid  subulate  segments. 
Leaves  pinnatifid  or  pinuately  di\  ided,  tile  segments  linear,  not  rigid. 
Flowers  tliyrscjid  i)aniculatc  or  corymbose  paniculate. 
Corolla  i'-2'  long;  plants  1-4    tall. 
Flowers  paniculate,  white. 
I'lowers  narrowly  thrysoid,  red. 
Corolla  .,"-5"  louR.  violet  or  blue. 
Flowers  nariowly  thyrsoid  spicate. 
Flowers  in  dense  or  capitate  cymes,  or  heads. 
F'lower  clusters  leafy-bracted. 

Pereniual;  corollatuhe  not  longer  than  the  calyx.  7.  G.  connesla. 

Annual;  corolla-tube  2-^  times  as  Iouk  as  the  calyx.  8.  G.  pmiiila. 

Clusters  bractless;  condla  campanulate.  9.  (/.  tricolor. 


2.  G.  piingens. 


T,.  G.  longiflora. 

'.(.  G.  aff/ri-ffra/a. 

5.  G.  pinnalifida. 

6.  G.  spicala. 


3S 


rOLEMONIACEAR. 


[Vol.  III. 


I.    Gilia  gracilis  Hook,     luitire-leaved 
Oilia.     (Fig.  2983.) 

Cilui  i^iiiiilis  Jlook.  Hot.  JliiK.   />/■  -''/-■/•      i?3')- 
0'//i'»iici  i^itui/i.':  Dounl.  ill  Hciitli.  Hot.  Kt'H-    /"A  /'>-'-". 

.\iinual,  pubescent,  at  Ictijith  coryiiil)oselj'  inucli 
braiiclieil,  2'-6'  liinh,  the  branches  ascetulinj;. 
Lower  and  basal  leaves  oblonj,'  to  spatulate,  obtuse, 
coniinonly  opposite  and  nearly  sessile,  the  upper 
linear  or  lanceolate,  sessile,  ,'2'-''  lonK.  i  "-2"  wide, 
opposite  or  alternate,  entire;  cymes  l-,s-ll"wered; 
calyx-lobes  linear-subulate,  usually  longer  than  the 
tube;  corolla  4"-6"  long,  the  tube  yellowish,  nar- 
row, etjuallinj;  or  slifjhtly  Ioniser  than  the  calyx,  the 
lobes  purple  or  violet,  short;  t)vules  2-3  in  each  cav- 
ity; cajjsule  oblon^i;,  obtuse,  as  lon>?  as  or  lon^jer 
than  the  calyx-tube;  seeds  niueilni;inous  when  wet. 

In  <lry  nr  moist  soil,  wisterr  Nebraska,  Colorado 
and  New  Mexico  to  Ilritish  Columbia  and  California. 
April  AiiR. 


2.    Gilia  pungens  (Torr.)  Beiith.     Sharp- 
leaved  Gilia.     y^ig.  2984.) 

Caiiliia  />ii /1 1; I- IIS  Torr.  Aim.  I.yc.  X,  Y.  2:  y'l.      iSj6. 
i,i/ia  f'linj^cii.s  lUiitli.  in  DC.  i'rodr.  p:  ,11(1.      iS4,s. 

Shrubby,  rij;id,  puberulent,  Kl^ibrate,  or  somewhat 
viscid,  usually  much  branched,  .('--S'  hij^h.  Leaves 
alternate,  or  the  lower  opposite,  sessile,  3"-6"  lonjj, 
paluialely  divided  into  3-7  subulate  riyid  awl-shaped 
segments,  often  with  smaller  ones  fascicled  in  their 
.ixils,  sometimes  densely  imbricated;  flowers  solitiry, 
or  2-3  together,  sessile  at  the  ends  of  the  branches, 
8"-l2"  long;  calyx-lobes  subulate,  as  long  as  the  tube, 
or  shorter;  corolla  pink,  or  white,  funnclforin,  the  tube 
longer  than  the  calyx,  the  limb  ^s-lobed;  ov\des  S-10  in 
,cach  cell;  seeds  not  mucilaginous  when  wetted. 

In  dry  rooky  soil,  .\tizona  to  Colorado.  \\  yoininjr,  Cali 
fornia  and  Ilritish  Cohimbia.     [Not  lU  rmitily  known  from 
within  our  ana.]     I'lant  franraiit  in  drying.     Jlay  July. 

GiUa  pungens  cacspitosa  ( Niitl.  1  .\.  C,r.\\.  I'voc. 
I.eploiiailylo)!  ,\i,:-:f>i/:'siiiii  Nult.  Jourii.  I'liil   .Xcad.  1  II.  1  i: 
I,ow,   ilenscly   tufted,    2'   ,;'    lii^;li;    leaves   much    inilirii 
Nebraska  i  Nuttal',  Kyilberg  1.     I'robably  a  ilisliiut  species. 


.■\m.  .\cad.  H:  jo-*.       i--;.  1. 

i.sr-    I'*!'*. 

atcd;   llowers   snialU  r.     .Scott's  liluH- 


Gilia  longiflora  (Ton.)  Don 


White-llowered  Oilia.     (Kig.  29S5.) 


Ciinliia  /one:  I //ill  ij  Torr.  .Ann.  I.yc.  2;  .'21.  1817. 

(^i/i(i  /i>iii;i//oiii  Don,  liard.  Diet.  4:  .'(s.  iS.iS. 

Ci'l/oniiii  /oiigiJ/iDu  A.  I'.r.iy,  I'roe.  .\ni.  Acad.  8:  261. 

1.S70. 

Annual,  glabrous,  paniculately  branched,  i"-!" 
high.  Leaves  all  alternate,  sessile,  i'-2'j'  long, 
pinnately  <livided  into  linear-hliforni  segments  or 
the  uppermost  entire;  flowers  numerous,  white, 
paniculate,  about  j'  Imig;  calyx-teeth  triangular- 
lanceolate,  ac\iininate,  shorter  than  the  tube;  corolla 
salvcrforin,  its  tube  narrow,  4  or  ,s  times  as  long  as 
the  orbicular  or  ovate,  rounded  or  pointed,  spread- 
ing lobes;  stamens  unciinally  inserted;  ovi.les  .S-12 
in  each  cell;  cajisule  narrowly  oblong,  exceeding  or 
e<|ualling  the  calyx;  seed-coat  nincilaginous  and 
emitting  spiral  threads  when  wetted. 

In  dry  ^oil,  Nebraska  and  Colorailo  to  Texas  and 
Arizona.     May  Sept. 

Gilia  coronopifolia  IVrs.,  a  related  species  with  less 
spreadinvr  corolla  lobes,  is  coUHnotdy  cultivated,  and 
rarely  escapes  from  ifardetis. 


Voi,.  III.]  PMI.OX  FAMILY. 

4.    Gilia  aggregata  (Piirsh)  vSpreng.     Scarlet  Gilia. 

Caiihia  (ii;\i;>fi^ij/a  I'lirsli,  I'l.  Am.  Sept.  1 17.      iSi  |. 
Gilia  I?.!,',!,'":'.''"'"  SpieiiK.  Syst.  1:  62(1.      i,^2,s. 

Itientiinl,  piihesi-enl  or  piiberuleiif;  stem  sim- 
ple or  sparinj^ly  branched,  2"-.i"  liiuli,  leafy  at 
least  below.  Leaves  alternate,  the  basal  often 
tufted,  mostly  petioled,  I '-3'  loiij,',  pinnately 
parted  into  narrowly  linear  segments;  inflores- 
cence narrowly  tliyrsoid-paniculate,  often  ij' 
lonj,'*  flowers  sessile  or  very  nearly  so  in  small 
pe('.unclcd  clusters,  .scarlet  or  red;  corolla  tubu- 
la.'-funnelform,  the  tube  I'-i'j'  long,  slightly 
thicker  upward,  the  limb  cleft  into  ovate  or 
lanceolate  acute  or  acinuinate  spreading  or  re- 
curved lobes;  stamens  unequally  or  about  ccjually 
inserted  in  the  throat;  ovules  numerous;  sceils 
mucilaginous  and  emitting  spiral  threads  when 
wetted. 

In  dry  soil,  westirn  Nebraska  (according  to 
Ciiultiri  to  Tixas  and  Mcxiin,  wisl  to  llritish 
Cohnnbia  and  Califoiiiia.    June  .\u^;. 


39 


(Fig.  2986.) 


5.    Gilia  pinnatiBda  Xutt. 


Small- flowered  Gilia.     (Fig.  2987.) 

(7i/t(i  pinnaliiida  Nutt. ;  A.  drav,  I'roc.  Am.  Acad. 

8:  :?;().       i.S;!). 

Hieiinial  or  perennial  from  a  deep  root,  much 

branched,  viscidglaiidular,  b'-i"  high.    Leaves 

thick,   piiinalifid,  the  1)asal  tufted,   l'-;,'  long, 

the  segments  linear-oblong,  sometimes  toothed, 

obtuse  oracutish,  2"-6"  long,  those  of  the  stem 

alternate,  simiUer,  the  uppermost  minute  and 

entire;  flowers  very  numerous,  small,   ])anicu- 

late,  some  se.ssile,  some  jietioled;  calyx  ,s-lobed, 

the  lobes  lanceolate  to  ovate;  corolla  salverforni, 

,i"-5''  long,  the  limb  violet  or  blue,  its  white 

tube  longer  than  the  calyx  and  its  obovate  lobes ; 

stamens  cxserted;  .seeds  not  mucilaginous  nor 

einitling  spiral  threads  when  wetted. 

In  sandy  soil,  western  Nebraska  and  Wyoniing 
to  New  Mexico.  I'erhaps  inehides  two  species. 
Has  been  mistaken  for  (.".  iinoiispiiiia.     Juue-.Viig;. 


6.    Gilia  spicata  Xutt.      Spicate  Gilia. 
(Fig.  29S8.) 

<;ili,i  spiaila  Nutt.  Jouin.  Aead.   Nat.  ,Sci.  I'liila.  (II.)  I: 
I5'i.       lS.|.S. 

rerennial,  wooUy-tomentose;  stems  erect,  rather 
stout,  simple,  solitary,  or  2-.}  from  the  woody  root, 
6'-i,S'  high.  Leaves  alternate,  narrowly  linear,  entire, 
or  pinnately  parted  into  35  linear  segments,  i'-2' 
long;  flowers  in  an  elongated  narrow  spicate  thyrsus, 
sessile  in  small  clusters,  purplish,  .j"-6"  long;  tube 
of  the  corolla  somewhat  exceeding  the  calyx,  consider- 
ably longer  than  the  ovate-oblong  lobes;  calyx-lobes 
acuminate;  anthers  c(iually  inserted  in  the  throat. 

In  dry  soil,  western  Nebraska  to  WvoiniiiK  and  flab. 
May-Aug. 


40 


rOLEMONIACEAE. 


[Vol..  III. 


7.   Gilia  cong^sta  Hook.     Round- 
headed  Gilia.     (Fig.  2989.) 

l7;lia  totigcsia  Hook.  I'l.  Bor.  \m.  2:  75.      1S34. 
Gilia   iberidifolia   liLiith.   in  Iluok.    Ktw,  jourii. 
]!ol.  3:  2<>i.       1.S51. 

Perennial  by  a  deep  root,  woolly-touientose, 
at  least  when  youiifj,  branched  from  the  base  or 
also  above,  ^'-iS'  high.  Leaves  mostly  petioled, 
)'2'-2'  long,  pinnately  divided  into  3-9 narrowly 
linear  sharp-pointed  segments,  or  the  up))crmost 
entire;  flowers  white,  densely  capitate-clustered, 
1"-},"  long,  the  clusters  bracted  by  the  upper 
leaves,  12'-!'' broad,  sometimes corymbed;  calyx- 
lobes  awn-like;  corolla-tube  about  the  length  of 
the  calyx,  slightly  longer  than  the  oval  lobes; 
filaments  efjually  inserted  in  or  below  the  sinuses 
of  the  corolla;  ovules  1-4  in  each  cavity. 

In  dry  soil,  Nebraska  and  Colorado  to  California, 
north  to  Montan.i  and  <)rc^;"n.     May-.-\ujr. 


^^^^^^ 


8.    Gilia  pumila  Xutt.     Low  Gilia. 
(Fig.  2990.) 

Cilia  fumila  Nutt.  Journ.  Acad.  Xat.  Sci.  I'liila. 

(II.J  1:156.      1848. 

Annual,  branched  from  the  base  and  some- 
times also  above,  woolly  at  lea.st  when  young, 
3'-S'  high.  Leaves  alternate,  tliick,  ]'i'-\' 
long,  pinnately  divided  into  linear  mucronidaie 
sometimes  lobed  segments,  or  the  uppermost 
entire;  flowers  in  dense  or  at  length  looser  sim- 
ple or  compound  cymes,  sessile;  corolla  y,"~\" 
long,  its  tube  about  3  times  the  length  of  the 
lobes  and  twice  as  long  as  the  calyx;  calyx- 
lobes  awn-like;  stamens  inserted  in  or  below 
the  sinuses  of  the  corolla,  somewhat  exserted; 
ovules  5  or  6  in  each  cavity. 

In  dry  soil,  western  Nebraska  to  Texas,  west  to 
Nevada  and  New  SKxico.     Aiiril  -June. 


9.  Gilia  tricolor  Benth.     Tricolored  Gilia. 
(Fig.  2991.) 

Ciliii  tricolor  lienDi.  Hot.  Ketf.   />/.  /^.v.      1S33. 

Annual,  viscid-puberulent,  at  least  above; 
steins  slender,  commonly  braiiclied,  6'-2°  high. 
Leaves  alternate,  slender-petioled,  or  the  upper 
sessile,  2-3-pinnately  divided  into  narrowly  linear 
acute  segments;  lowest  leaves  sometimes  t'  !:>ng; 
flowers  short-pedicelled,  5"-7"  long,  in  terniin,.! 
pedunclcd  simple  cymes;  calyx-lobes  triangular- 
lanceolate,  acute  or  acuminate,  often  purple-mar- 
gined; corolla  campanulate-funnelform,  2-3  times 
as  long  as  the  calyx,  its  tube  yellowish,  short,  the 
throat  brown-purple,  the  oval  to  orbicular  lobes  lilac 
or  violet;  stamens  equally  inserted  at  the  sinuses; 
ovules  several  in  the  cavities;  seeds  mucilaginous 
and  emitting  spiral  threads  when  wetted. 

liscaped  from  icardens  to  roadsides  at  Lincoln,  Neb. 
(according  to  Webber  I.  Native  of  California.  April- 
May. 


Vol.  III.] 


PHLOX   FAMILY. 


3.   POLEMONIUM  L.  Sp.  PI.  162.      1753. 

Perennial  or  rarely  annual  herbs,  with  alternate  pinnate  membranous  leaves,  and  mostly 
large  cymose-paniculate  or  thyrsoiil  flowers.  Calyx  herbaceous,  not  angled  nor  ribbed, 
campanulate,  5-cleft  to  about  the  middle,  accrescent  in  fruit,  the  segments  lanceolate  or 
ovate,  entire,  erect  or  connivcut  over  the  capsule.  Corolla  tubular-canipanulatc  or  tubular- 
fniiiielforni,  rarely  rotate,  l)lue,  white,  or  yellow,  the  limb  5-lobed.  Stamens  about  equally 
inserted  near  the  base  of  the  corolla,  declined,  the  filaments  slender,  often  j>ilose  at  the 
base.  Ovary  ovoid;  ovules  few  or  several  in  each  cavity.  Capsule  ovoid,  obtuse,  3  valved. 
Seeds  wingless,  or  narrowly  winged,  mucilaginous  and  emitting  spiral  threads  when  wetted. 

About  15  sptiies.  nalivi's  of  the  cookr  piirts  of  the  north  ttinper.ite  z(jne.  Iksidcs  the  I'ollow- 
inR,  siiiiK-  1(1  others  occur  ill  tlic  western  pints  of  Xortli  .imirica. 

.Vnthcrs  (.■xsertid:  flowers  s"-i(i"  broad;  slrni  rrect.  i,  P.   I'an  fli  i/ii/iue. 

.Viithers  iiichuk'U;  flowers  5" -6"  broad;  stiiii  ricliiiing.  3.  /'.  rcplans. 


I.   Polemonium  Van  Bruntiae  Britton. 
American  Jacob's  Ladder.     (l'*ig.  2992.) 

Polfiiioiiium  ineiuUum  \..  Gray,  Man.  ICd.   (,  -App. 

1^0,;.      Not  I..  I7,s,i. 
Poliiiii'niiim  I  'nil  III  itiiliae  liritton,  Hull.  Torr.  Club, 

19:  224.  pi.  /J/.      1892. 

Rootstock  stout,  horizontal,  clothed  witli  fibrous 
roots.  Stems  erect,  glal)rous  below,  somewhat 
glandular-pubescent  above,  i,'j°-2>2°  hi^h,  leafy 
to  the  top;  leaflets  of  the  lower  leaves  15-19, 
short-stalked  or  sessile,  ovate  or  lanceolate,  acute, 
yi'-iyi'  long,  those  of  the  upper  fewer,  the  upper- 
most leaves  3-5- foliolate  or  simple;  cymose  clus- 
ters paniclcd  or  solitary,  rather  loosely  j-s-flow- 
ered;  pedicels  2"-4"long;  flowers  bluish-purple, 
S"-lo"  broad;  corolla-lobes  rouniled;  calyx  ,s- 
lobed  to  about  the  middle,  much  enlarged  in  fruit, 
the  lobes  acute;  stamens  exserted;  ovules  3  or  4 
in  each  cavity. 


.^^/\-, 

^'^r 


1 

■mmm. 


In  swamps  and  alonp  streams,  Vfrniont  .uid  tiorth- 
urii  N'l'W  York  to  Maryland.  DilTtrs  from  the  ( ild 
World  /'.  ton  II /fit III  I.,  in  its  stout  rootstocks,  more 
leafy  stem,  exserted  stamens,  and  roimdcd  corolla- 
lobes.     May  July. 

2.    Polemonium  reptans  L.     Greek 
Valerian.     (Fig.  2993.) 

Po/iiiioiiiiiiii  itptaiis  I,.  Syst.  Kd.  10,  no.  i.      I7,=i<). 

Glabrous  or  very  nearly  so  throughout,  usually 
not  more  than  1°  high;  stems  weak,  slender,  at 
length  reclining  or  diffuse,  the  rootstock  short. 
Leaflets  oblong,  ovate-oblong,  or  lanceolate-ob- 
long, y2'  -lYi'  long,  the  uppertnost  leaves  3-5-foli. 
olate  or  simple;  flowers  blue,  5"-.S'''  broad;  calyx 
5-loljcd,  its  lobes  obtu.se  or  acute;  stamens  not 
exserted;  ovules  3  or  4  in  each  cavity. 

In  woods.  New  York  to  Minnesota,  south  to  Georgia 
and  Missouri,  .\scends  to  22ih)  ft.  in  Virginia.  .April- 
May. 


4.    COLLOMIA  Xntt.  Gen.  i:  126.       1818. 

Annual  or  rarely  perennial  herbs,  with  alternate  mostly  entire  leaves,  and  purple  white 
or  reddish  capitate  or  cymose  flowers.  Calyx  obpyraniidal  or  cup-shaped,  5-cleft,  scarious  in 
the  sinuses,  accrescent  in  fruit,  not  distended  by  nor  ruptured  by  the  ripening  capsule,  its 


42 


rOLEMONIACEAE. 


[Vot.  III. 


lolx;s  lanceolate  or  triaiiRuliir,  entire,  erect,  the  sinuses  often  at  length  enlarjjed  into  a  revo- 
lute  lobe.  Corolla  tiibular-funnelforni  or  salverforni,  the  limb  5-lobe(l,  spreading,  the  lobes 
obtuse.  Stamens  unequally  inserted  on  the  tutic  of  the  corolla,  mostly  straight,  the  filaments 
unequal.  Ovules  i  or  few  in  each  cavity.  Capsule  oval  to  obovoid.  '  Seeds  of  most  species 
mucilaginous  and  emitting  spiral  threads  when  wetted.  [Greek,  gluten,  referring  to  the 
glutinous  seeds  when  wetted.] 

Abdut  Kisix'cios,  natives  of  wosttrn  Aiiu'rioa.     Hcsidis  the  lOllDwiiiK,  sonic  6  others  occur  in 
the  western  I'liiUil  .States  and  Uritish  Cohnnbia. 


I.    Collomia  linearis  Niitt.     Narrow- 
leaved  Collomia.     (Fig.  2994.) 

O'llomia  linearis  N'ult.  Gen.  i:  12(1.      1S18. 

l-ih'a  linearis  A.  Cimy,  I'roc.  Am.  .Vcad.  17:  22,?.      1SH2. 

Annual,  viscid-puberulent;  stem  erect,  leafy,  sim- 
ple or  branched,  slender,  j'-lS'  high.  Leaves 
linear-oblong,  lanceolate  or  linear-lanceolate,  en- 
tire, acuminate  at  the  apex,  narrowed  at  the  base, 
sessile,  or  tlic  lower  short-petioled,  I'-iyi'  long, 
I '^"-6"  wide;  flowers  5"-7"  long,  numerous  in 
terminal  capitate  leafy-bracted  clusters;  calyx-lobes 
triangular-lanceolate,  acute;  corolla  light  purple  or 
nearly  white,  the  tube  very  slender,  longer  than  the 
calyx,  the  lobes  \"-2"  long;  capsule  at  maturity 
about  as  long  as  the  calyx. 

In  dry  soil,  Man'toba  to  Minnesota  and  Nebraska, 
west  t()  Hrilish  Columbia.  Arizona  and  California. 
Also  in  New  Rrunswick.     JIay-.\uK. 


5.    NAVARRETIA  R.  &  P.  Prodr.  Fl.  Per.  20.       1794. 

.Xnnual  glabrous  or  viscid-pubescent  herbs,  with  alternate  spino.se-pinnatifid  leaves,  or 
the  lowest  entire,  and  numerous  small  flowers  in  dense  terminal  bracted  clusters.  Calyx 
prismatic  or  obpyramidal,  the  tube  5-anglcd,  5-clcft,  not  accrescent  in  fruit,  not  distended  by 
nor  ruptured  by  the  ripening  capsule,  the  sinuses  scarious.  the  lobes  mostly  uneciual,  erect  or 
spreading,  spiny-tipped,  entire,  or  often  toothed.  Corolla  tubular-funiielform  or  salverform, 
5-lobcd,  the  lobes  oval  or  oblong.  Stamens  straight  or  dcclineil,  equally  inserted  in  or  below 
the  throat  of  the  corolla.  Ovary  2-3-celled;  ovules  solitary,  few  or  several  in  each  cavity. 
Capsule  1-3-celled,  dehiscent  or  indehiscent.  Sec<ls  mostly  mucilaginous  and  emitting  spiral 
threads  when  wetted.     [In  honor  of  Navarrete,  a  Spanish  physician.] 

About  2(  species,  natives  of  western  America.  Hesides  the  following,  some  22  others  occur  in 
the  western  t'liited  States. 

I.   Navarretia  minima  Nutt.     Small 
Xavarrelia.     (Fig.  2995.) 

A'ii7(irir/ia  minima  Nutt.  Journ.  .\eail.  Nat.  Sci.  Tliila. 
\  II. )  I.  160.      i8|S. 

Cilia  viinitna  A.  Cray,  rroc.  Am.  .Acad,  8:  2f'»>      1S70. 

Depressed,  tufted,  somewhat  pubescent;  stem 
usually  branched,  1'-,^' high.  Leaves  sessile,  '/i'- 
i'  long,  i-2-pinnatilld  into  almost  fdiform  rigiu 
acicular  segments;  flowers  about  2"  long,  white  (?), 
densely  capitate;  calyx-lobes  awl-shaped,  mostly 
toothed,  about  as  long  as  the  tube  and  e(iualling 
the  corolla,  the  sinuses  more  or  less  white-pubes- 
cent; calyx-tube  about  equalling  the  indehiscent 
i-6-seeded  capsule. 

In  ilry  soil,  Nebraska  and  South  Dakota  to  Washing- 
ton and  Arizona.     Summer. 


Vol.  III.] 


WATER-LIvAl'  FAMILY. 


43 
1836. 


Family  22.     HYDROPHYLLACEAE  Lindl.  Xat.  Syst.  l-:cl.  2,  271. 

\V.\r  1';k-i.ka v  F.\ m i t.v. 
Herb.s,  mostly  hirsute,  pubescent  or  scabrous,  with  alternate  or  basal,  rarely 
opposite  leaves,  and  perfect  regular  5-parted  flowers,  in  scorpioid  cymes,  spikes 
or  racemes,  or  rarelv  solitary.  Calyx  inferior,  deeply  cleft  or  divided,  the 
sinu.ses  sometimes  appendaged.  Corolla  gamopetalous,  funnelfonn,  .salverform, 
campanulate,  or  rotate.  Stamens  5,  inserted  on  the  tube  or  ba.se  of  the  corolla, 
and  alternate  with  its  lobes;  fdaments  fdiform;  anthers  ovate,  oblong,  or  linear, 
mostly  versatile,  2-celled,  the  .sacs  longitudinally  dehiscent.  Disk  annular,  or 
none.  Ovary  superior,  2-celled,  or  i -celled  with  2  placentae;  styles  2,  .separate, 
or  partly  united;  stigmas  small,  terminal;  ovules  few  or  numerous,  anatropous 
or  amphitropous.  Ca])sule  1-2-celled,  mostly  loculicidally  2-valved,  rarely  sep- 
ticidally  or  irregularly  dehi.scent.  Seeds  oblong,  globose,  or  angular,  usually 
pitted,  rugose  or  reticulated;  endosperm  fleshy  or  cartilaginous;  embryo  small; 
cotyledons  half-terete  or  plano-convex. 

About  17  KtiiiTii  'IIkI  I'l"  sjK'cii'S,  mostly  nativos  of  western  North  .Xinerica. 
Styles  united  below;  ovary  i-eelled;  leaves  mostly  lobed  or  dentate. 
Corolla  lobes  eonvohite  in  the  bud;  i)laeentae  dilated. 
Stamens  exserted. 
.Stamens  not  exserted. 

.Sinuses  of  the  ealyx  appendaifed. 

Calyx  niueh  enlarged  in  fruit,  its  sinuses  not  appendaged. 
Corolla-lobes  imbric.iled  in  the  bud;  placeiit.ie  narrow. 
Styles  distiiut  to  the  base;  ovary  2  celled;  leaves  entire. 


1.  Hydrophylliim. 

2.  Xemofiliila. 
,?.  Jfdi  idca/j'.i: 

4.  JVincrlia. 

5.  yania. 


IT.  J'iixhiiiiim. 
11.  niaciii/'liylliDil. 
II.  tiftf^iiitiiiultiliim. 
II.  Caiiaitoisc, 


h^m  f 


I.    HYDROPHYLLUM  L.  Sp.  PI.  146.      1753. 

I'erennial  or  biennial  lierl)S,  with  larj;e  lobed  pintiatifid  or  pinnatcly  divided  leaves,  and 
rather  large,  white  blue  or  purple  116wers,  in  terminal  or  lateral  peduncled  more  or  less 
scorpioid  cymes.  Calyx  deeply  5-parted,  the  scj^mciits  lanceolate  or  subulate,  the  sinuses 
naked  or  append.ijjed.  Corolla  tnbular-canipanulatc  or  campatuilatc.  5-lobed,  the  lobes  con- 
volute in  the  bud,  each  with  a  linear  appendage  within,  which  extends  to  the  b.ise  of  the 
corolla  ami  is  incurved  into  a  groove.  Stamens  ,'5,  exserted;  filaments  pilose  below  or  at  the 
base;  anthers  linear  or  oblong,  versatile.  Ovary  i -celled,  hispid-pubescent;  placentae  llesliy, 
dilated  so  as  to  nearly  fill  the  cavity,  free  from  the  ovary-wall  except  at  the  top  and  bottom, 
each  enclosing  2  ovules;  styles  united  nearly  to  the  summit.  Capsule  a-valvcd.  Seeds  i-^, 
globose-ol)ovoid.     [Greek,  water- leaf,  referring  to  the  supposed  cavity  for  water  in  each  leaf.] 

.-Vbout  (\  species,  natives  of  North  America. 
Leaves,  at  least  the  lower,  pinnatifid  or  pinnately  diviiled. 

Calyx  not  appenilaKed  in  the  sinuses  or  scarcely  so. 

I'laiit  sparingly  pubescent;  leaf  seKmenls  acute.  I. 

I'lant  villous-hirsnte;  leaf  sejiments  blunt.  2. 

Calyx  with  a  ivllexcil  appendage  in  each  siiuis.  3. 

Leaves  palniately  .So-lobeil.  4. 

I.    Hydrophyllum  Virginicum   L. 

Virginia  Water-leaf.     (Fig.  2996.) 

//.  I'iiffuiicHiH  h.  ,Sp.  I'l.  1)6.      I75,v 

Perennial  by  scaly  rootstocks ;  steins 
slender,  glabrous  or  nearly  so,  simple  or 
sparingly  liranchcd,  ascending  or  erect, 
rather  weak,  1° -3°  long.  Lower  and  basal 
leaves  long-petioled,  6'-ic)'  long,  pinnately 
divided  into  5-7  oblong  ovate  or  ovate- 
lanceolate  acute  or  acutish  sharply  toothed 
or  incised  segments  i'-2'  long,  glabrous  or 
with  few  scattered  hairs;  upper  leaves  simi- 
lar, short-petioled,  smaller,  with  fewer  seg- 
ments; cymes  slender-peduncled,  simple  or 
forked,  dense  or  at  length  open;  fiowers 
white  or  violet  purple,  darkest  at  high  alti- 
tudes, short-pedicelled;  pedicels  strigose- 
pubescent;  calyx-segments  narrowly  linear, 
hispid,  spreading,  the  sinuses  not  appen- 
daged; corolla  about  4"  long;  capsule  glo- 
bose, nearly  2"  in  diameter. 

In  woods,  Quebec  to  .-Vlaska,  south  to  South 
Carolina.  Kansas  and  WashiuKton.  Ascends  to 
y«io  ft.  in  North  Carolina.     May-.\uK. 


44 


HYDROPIIYI.IvACEAK. 


[Vol..  III. 


2.  Hydrophy. :  im  macrophyllum  Niitt. 
Large-leaved  Water-leaf.     (Fig.  2997.) 

Ilvdrot'hvl'inn  maciofthyllxim  Null.  Jourii.  I'hila. 
Ac;nl.  7  IS,V). 

rereiiniiil  by  scaly  rootstocks,  villous-hir- 
sute  all  over;  stem  ratlicr  stout,  2°-3°  InKli- 
Lower  leaves  loiif^-petioled,  S'-i2'  louj;,  deeply 
piniiatiful  or  piiiuately  divided  into  7-1,^  oval  or 
ovate  ol)tusc  coarsely  dentate  seKUieuts  I '-3' 
long;  upper  leaves  similar,  smaller,  shorter- 
pctioled  and  with  fewer  segments;  cymes  long- 
peduncled,  simple  or  forked,  very  dense;  pe- 
duncles stout;  pedicels  short;  flowers  nearly 
white;  calyx  cleft  to  below  the  middle,  its  lobes 
lanceolate,  erect,  white-hispid,  the  sinuses  not 
appendagcd;  corolla  5"-6"  long;  anthers  ob- 
long; capsule  globose,  densely  white-hispid, 
about  I '."  in  diameter,  enclosed  by  the  calyx. 

Ill  ricli  woods,  Ohio  lo  .\t,ibiiiiia,  west  to  Illinois 
and  TciiiiL'SSff.     Ascends  to  4000  ft.  in  Virginia. 


3.  Hydrophyllum  appendiculatum  Michx. 

Appendaged  Water-leaf.     (Fig.  299S. ) 

Jf\(ii opliyllinii  iiftpfiuiiiiilaliiiii  Sliclix.  Fl.  llor.  .\iii. 

'::  i,u.  '   iS),^. 

Hiennial,  rough-hairy  all  over;  stems  slender,  sim- 
ple or  usually  branched,  weak,  1°  2°  long,  somewhat 
viscid  above.  Lower  and  basal  leaves  long-petioled, 
pinnatifid  or  pinnately  divided  into  5-7  ovate  or 
oval,  acute  or  obtusish,  irregularly  dentate  or  in- 
cised, nienibranous  segments;  upper  leaves  smaller 
and  shorter-petioled,  ovate  to  orbicular,  variously 
lobed,  the  lobes  acute  and  dentate;  cymes  loose, 
branched,  the  slender  pedicels  Y'-\o"  long;  calyx 
parted  to  near  the  base,  enlarging  in  fruit,  the  seg- 
ments triangular-lanceolate,  acuminate,  spreading, 
with  a  short  reilexed  appendage  in  each  sinus; 
corolla  violet  or  purple,  6"--"  long;  stamens  little 
cxsertcd;  capsule  about  I, '2"  in  diameter. 

In  woods,  Ontario  to  North  Carolina,  west  to  Minne- 
sota and  Kansas.     May-June. 


,^^^^^mn^^_ 


In  woods,  Massachusetts  and  southern  New  York  to  North  C.irolina 
to  4000  ft.  in  Virginia.    June-.\ug. 


4.    Hydrophyllum  Canadense  L,. 

Broad-leaved  Water-leaf.       (Fig.  2999.) 

//.  CiiiKu/ciisf  I,.  Syst.  ];d.   lo,  no.  i.     1751). 

Perennial  by  scaly  rootstocks;  stems  rather 
slender,  commonly  simple,  glabrous  or  nearly 
so,  i°-2'/i°  high.  Leaves  nearly  orl)icidar,  cor- 
date, sparingly  pubescent,  at  least  above,  pal- 
mately  5-9-lobed,  the  lower  longpetiolcd,  often 
12'  broad,  occasionally  with  i  or  2  pairs  of 
small  segments  on  the  petiole;  upper  leaves 
smaller,  but  usually  4'-7'  broad;  lobes  ovate, 
acuminate,  dentate;  peduncles  shorter  than  the 
leaves;  cymes  dense  or  becoming  loose,  simple 
or  forked;  pedicels  short,  nearly  glabrous; 
calyx  cleft  nearly  to  the  b.t8e,  its  segments 
linear-lanceolate,  acute,  nearly  or  (juite  glabrous, 
sometimes  with  a  minute  tooth  in  each  sinus; 
corolla  campanulate-rotatc,  white  to  purplish 
anthers  linear  oblong;  capsule  2"  in  diameter, 
west  to  Illinois.     Ascends 


[Vol,.  Ill, 


Vol,.  III.] 


\\  AT  !•:  R  -  LI  •:  .\  !•   I'.\  M I  lA'. 


45 


2.   NEMOPHILA  Nutt.  Joiirn.  Phil,  Acad.  2:  179.       1822. 

Annual  ilifTuse  pubescent  slcmler  and  frajjile  lierl)s,  with  alternate  or  opposite  mostly 
pinnatitul  or  lol)C(l  leaves.  I'lowers  white,  blue,  or  varicKaled,  solitary,  pcilunded,  lateral 
or  terminal.  Calyx  deeply  5-clcft  or  ,s-parted,  with  a  rcflexed  or  spreading  appendage  in 
each  sinus.  Corolla  cainpanulate  or  rotate-canipanulatc,  mostly  longer  than  the  calyx,  us- 
ually with  10  small  appc!idages  within  at  the  base,  tlic  lobes  convolute  in  the  bud.  Stamens 
included;  anthers  ovate  or  oblong.  Ovary  l -celled  with  placentae  similar  to  those  of //)'(/;t>- 
phyllmn;  styles  partly  united;  ovules  2-12  on  each  placenta.  Capside  2-valvcd.  Seeds  1-4 
in  our  species.     [Greek,  grove-loving.] 

About  M  spicics,  natives  of  North  .Xiiurica,  mostly  Califoniian. 

I.  Nemophilamicrocalyx  (Nutt.)K.  &  M. 
Small-tlowcrcd  Ncmopliila.     (Fig.  3cx)o, ) 

Ellisia  iiii(i  ocalyx  y,\\\X.  Traii.s.  Am.  I'liil.  Soc.  (II.)S: 

Xcmofilnlii  micivcalvx  V.  &  M.  Scrt.  IVtrop.      iS((i. 

Stems    very    slender,    diffuse,    branched,    ■i'-\^' 

long.     Leaves  membranous,  petioled,  \'-2]i'  long, 

^  pinuatifid  or  pinnatcly  divided   into   3-5  obovate 

(.     C^\(~\'    i'   (      )  cuneate  or  obli(|ue   obtuse    2-3-dentate  or  -lobed, 

VS    ^  %  0        J  ■'PP''"^'"'"te  or  conlluent  segments,  the  upper  all 

Cj         \/\  ^      )'•'      aitcriKitc,  the  lowest  ojiposite;  peduncles  slender. 


4"-i2"long,  opposite  the  leaves,  shorter  than  or 
equalling  the  petioles;  flowers  white  or  blue,  1%"- 
2"  long;  appendages  in  the  sinuses  of  the  calyx 
minute;  calyx  scarcely  enlarged  in  fruit;  ovules  2 
on  each  placenta;  corolla-appendages  obsolete  or 
none;  anthers  oval;  capsule  about  1,12"  in  dia- 
meter, much  longer  than  the  calyx,  I-2-seeded. 

In  wooils,  ViiKiiiia  to  I'loiida,  wist  to  Arkansas  and 
Texas.     .Xpril-Juno. 

3.  MACROCALYX  Trew,  Nov.  Act.  Xat.  Ctir.  2:  330-332.  //.  7.  /',  /.  1761, 
[lll.Li.si.v  I,.  Sp.  I'l.  Kd.  2,  1662.       1763.     Not  Syst.  Ed.  10.    1759.] 

Annual  hirsute  or  pubescent  branching  slender  herbs,  with  opposite  or  alternate,  pin- 
natcly divided  or  1-3-pinnatilid  leaves,  and  solitary  or  racemose  small  white  or  bluish  flow- 
ers. Calyx  5-lobcd  or  5-j)artcd,  spreading,  jnucli  enlarged  in  fruit,  destitute  of  appendages 
in  the  sinuses.  Corolla  campanulate  or  nearly  cylindric,  shorter  than  or  slightly  exceeding 
the  calyx,  usually  with  5  minute  appendages  on  the  tube  within,  its  lobes  convolute  in  the 
bud.  .Stamens  included;  anthers  oval  or  oblong.  Ovary  i-cellcd;  styles  united  below; 
ovules  2-4  on  each  of  the  jdacentac,  which  are  similar  to  those  of  the  two  preceding  genera, 
[Greek,  large  calyx.] 

.\l)out  ,i  spicics,  natives  of  North  .America. 

I.  Macrocalyx  Nyctelea  (L.)  Kuntze. 

Nyctclea.     (Fig.  3001.) 

Ipomoca  Nyctdca  I,.  Sp.  PI.  nm.      ir.s.v 
Poli'DiDiiiiiiii  (?)  NycliUa  I,.  ,Sp.  V\.  Va\.  2,  2\i.    I7(J2. 
J\//i.sia  A'lrA/iif  I,.  Sp.  I'l.  ICil.  2,  inoj.      i7'>,v 
M.  JVj'C/i/ca  Kuntze,  Rev.  Gen.  I'l.  .(,u.      1891. 

Sparingly  hirsute-pubescent;  stem  several 
times  forked,  4'-l2'  high.  Leaves  pinnatcly 
divided,  petioled,  2'-.^'  long,  ovate-oblong  iu 
outline,  the  upper  alternate,  the  lower  opposite, 
the  segments  oblong  or  lanceolate,  dcntao,  en- 
tire or  lobed;  peduncles  slender,  i-flowered,  op- 
posite the  leaves;  calyx  in  flower  about  2" 
long,  about  equalling  the  corolla,  enlarging, 
widely  spreading  and  bccouiiog  8'''-i4"  broad 
in  fruit,  its  lobes  lanceolate  or  ovate-lanceolate, 
acuminate;  fruit  at  length  pendulous;  capsule 
globose,  a'^-a"  in  diameter. 

In  moist  soil.  New  Jersey  to  Minnesota  iind  the 
Northwest  Territory,  south  to  Virginia,  Nebraska 
and  Missouri.    Apnl-July. 


46 


HVOROrilYLLACEAE. 


[Vol..  III. 


4.   PHACELIA  Juss.  Gen.  PI.  127.       1789. 

Annual  or  rarely  perennial,  mostly  hirsute  hispid  or  scabrous  herbs,  with  alternate  en- 
tire dentate  lol)cd  pinnatilid  or  dissected  leaves,  the  lowest  rarely  opposite,  and  blue  purple 
violet  or  white  flowers  in  terminal  scorpioid  cymes  or  racemes.  Calyx  5-lobed,  somewhat 
enlarxin^  in  fruit;  sinuses  not  appeudaned.  Corolla  cainpimulate,  nearly  rotate,  tubular  or 
funnclform,  the  tube  sometimes  appendajjed  within,  opposite  the  lobes,  the  lobes  imbricated 
in  the  bud.  Stamens  exsertcd  or  included,  attached  near  the  base  of  the  corolla;  anthers 
mostly  ovate.  Ovary  1 -celled,  the  2  placentae  narrow,  allixcd  to  the  walls;  .styles  united  be- 
low; ovules  2  or  several  on  each  placenta.  Capsule  l-cellcd,  or  falsely  nearly  2-cellcd  by 
the  intrusion  of  the  placentae,  2  valvcd  Seeds  usually  reticulated.  [(Ireek,  a  cluster,  re- 
ferring to  the  clustered  flowers  of  some  species.  ] 

.Xbiiut  Sii  species,  iiativis  iif  the  New  WurUl.     Hesides  the  fullowiiiR,  smne  50  others  occur  in 
the  western  parts  iif  North  .\nierica. 
Corolla-lobes  entire. 

Corolla  manifestly  appetulaged  within,  between  the  staniehs. 

Leaves  entire.  i. 

Leaves  creiiate  dentiite.  2. 

Leaves  pinnately  divided,  or  piiniatiful.  the  scRnients  incised. 

Kiieenies  liuise;  pedicels  slender;  iniUes  2  on  e;icli  placenta.  v 

Kacen\es  dense;  pedicels  sliiiit;  ovules  numerons.  4. 

Appendages  of  the  corolla  inconspicuous  or  none. 
Filaments  pubescent;  e.dyx-lobes  oblong. 

I'uberulenl;  flowers  .4" -,i"  broad.  5 

Hirsute;  flowers  t'"-;"  bro.id.  6, 

Vilanients  ({labrous;  calyx-lobes  linear.  ~. 

Corolla  nearly  rotate,  its  lobes  limbriate. 

Lobes  of  the  leaves  and  caly.x  acute.  S. 

Lobes  of  the  leaves  and  calyx  obtuse.  9. 


/'.  Inicofilivlla. 
P.  inlegi  i/olia. 

P.  bifiinnali/ida. 
I'.  J''ra>ikli>iii. 


P.  d  II  hi  a. 
P.  hiisiila. 
P.  Co:  i I  lei. 

P.  Piirsliii. 
P.  tiDibriala. 


I.  Phacelia  leucophylla  Torr 

Pliacilia  Inuophylla  Torr.  Freni.  Rep.  o;.      i-^|,s. 

Perennial  by  a  stout  rootstock,  pale,  densely  silky- 
pubescent,  the  hairs  appressed  or  ascending.  Stem 
simple  or  branched,  i°-l,'2^  high;  leaves  lanceo- 
late to  oblong,  entire,  pinnately  veined,  2'-4'  long, 
4"-i2"  wide,  the  lower  long-pctioled,  the  upperses- 
sile  or  nearly  so;  spike-like  branches  of  the  scorpioid 
cymes  very  dense,  nearly  straight  and  I'-i'  long 
when  expanded;  flowers  sessile,  very  numerous, 
about  4"  high;  calyx-lobes  hispid,  oblong-lancco- 
latc  or  linear,  somewhat  shorter  than  the  white  or 
bluish,  5-lobed  corolla;  corolla-appendages  conspicu- 
ous, in  pairs  between  the  filaments;  fdamcnts  ex- 
scrted  glabrous;  ovules  2  on  each  placenta;  capsule 
ovoid. 

In  dry  soil.  South  Dakota  to  Id.dio  and  western  Ne- 
braska. May-Aus;.  The  species  lias  been  taken  for  P. 
/ic/frop/iil/a  Pursh,  of  the  far  west,  which  has  spreadinfr 
brown  hairs,  some  of  the  leaves  usually  pinnatilid,  and 
pilose  fdanients. 


Silky  Phacelia.      (Fig.  3002.) 


2.    Phacelia  integrifolia  Torr.      Crenate- 
loaved  Phacelia.      (Fig.  3003.) 

/'.  in/ixri/o/i(i  Torr.  Ann.  Lye.  N.  Y.  2:  222.  />/.  ;.  1827. 
.\unual  or  biennial;  stem  erect  or  a.scending, 
rather  stout,  very  leafy,  commonly  branched  above, 
viscid-hirsute,  6'-2°  high.  Leaves  finely  strigose- 
pubesccnt,  ovate-oblong  or  oblong-lanceolate,  irre- 
gularly crenate-deutate,  obtuse  at  the  apex,  rounded 
or  cordate  at  the  base,  i'-2,'2'  long,  petioled  or 
the  uppermost  sessile;  spike-like  branches  of  the 
scorpioid  cymes  dense,  2'-4'  long  when  expanded; 
flowers  sessile,  about  4"  long;  calyx-segments  ob- 
long, acute;  corolla  tubular-campanulate,  white  or 
blue,  its  tube  longer  then  the  calyx;  filaments  gla. 
brous,  exserted;  ovules  2  on  each  placenta;  capsule 
ovoid,  obtuse. 

In  saline  soil,  western  Kansas  (according  to  B.  B. 
Smyth),  Colorado  to  Mexico,  I'tah  and  Arizona.  April- 
Sept. 


Vol..  III.] 

3.    Phacelia  bipinnatiBda  Michx. 

PI.   Hor.  Am 


\v.\ti:r  -i.e.m"  family, 


I/iose- flowered  Phacelia. 


J'lutiilia  Itif'iniialifidii   Miclix 
pi.  I').      i8o,(. 

Biennial,  hirsute-pubescent;  stem  erect,  usually 
much  brauched,  glandular-viscid  above,  i°-2^ 
hiHh.  Leaves  slender-petioled,  2'- 5'  lonj,'.  pi"- 
iiatcly  divided  or  deeply  pinnatiful  into  ,^-7  ovale 
or  oblou};  acute  or  acutisli,  dentate  or  incise<l  seg- 
ments, or  these  again  pinnatiful;  flowers  blue  or 
violet,  6"-S"  broad,  numerous,  slender-pcdicclled 
in  loose  racemes,  the  inflorescence  only  slightly 
scorpioid;  pedicels  .("-in"  long,  recurved  in  fruit; 
calyx-segments  linear;  appendages  of  the  rota'.e- 
campanulate  corolla  in  pairs  between  the  stamens, 
conspicuous,  villous  on  the  margins;  filaments 
pilose,  exserted;  ovules  2  on  each  placenta;  cap- 
sule globose. 

In  moist  lUickits  and  along  streams,  Ohio  tn  Illi- 
nois, snulli  to  .Miib.inia.  .\sccn1l9  to  4111)0  ft.  in  North 
Carolina.     .April  Jiuu'. 

4.    Phacelia   Franklinii    (R.   lir.)   A. 
(iray.    Franklin'.'^  Phacelia.   (Fig.  3005.) 

/Cri/i',a  I'miikh'uii  R.  Hr.  App.  I'rank.  Journ.  51. 

Pliiueliii  I'laiikltiiii  \.  Gray,  Man.  I-.d.  2,  329.    1S56. 

.Vnnual,  villous-pubescent;  stem  erect,  6'-i8' 
high,  simple,  or  corymbosely  branched  at  the 
summit.  Leaves  I'j'-,^'  long,  pinnately  parted 
into  7-15  linear  or  linear-oblong  acute  entire 
dentate  or  incised  segments;  flowers  blue  or 
nearly  white,  short-pedicelled  in  dense  scor- 
pioid racemes;  calyx-.segmcnts linear-lanceolate, 
acute;  longer  than  the  tube  of  the  rotate-cam- 
panulate  corolla;  appendages  of  the  corolla  free 
at  the  apex;  anthers  scarcely  exserted;  fda- 
ments  glabrous,  or  nearly  so;  styles  united 
nearly  to  the  Runimit;  ovules  numerous  on  each 
placenta;  capsule  ovoid,  acute. 

Western  Ontario  and  Miiniesolato  liritish  Colum- 
bia and  Idalio.     Summtr. 

5.    Phacelia  dubia  (L.)  Small.     Small-flowered  Phacelia.     (Fig.  3006.) 

/'>/c»ii>iiiiini  i/iihiiiiii  I,.  .Sp.  I'l.       I7,^,v 

I'lniiiiia  paii'itloia  I'lirsli,  I-'l.  Am.  Sipt.  140.      I'^i). 

Pliiutiia  t/it/>ia  Small.  Hull.  Torr.  Club,  21:, ^o^.      i'^94. 

Annual,  puberulent  or  glabrate,  branched  from 
the  base,  the  branches  very  slender,  erect  or  as- 
cending, 5'-i2'  high.  Lower  and  basal  leaves  peti- 
oled,  I  '-2'  long,  piunatifld  or  pinnately  divided  into 
3-5  oblong  obtuse  entire  or  dentate  segments,  or 
rarely  merely  dentate,  or  even  entire;  upper  leaves 
much  smaller,  sessile,  less  divided;  flowers  light 
blue  or  white,  racemose,  4"-5"  broad;  racemes  5- 
15-flowered,  elongated  in  fruit;  pedicels  3"-"" 
long;  calyx-lobes  oblong  or  oblong-lanceolate;  co- 
rolla rotate-cam panulate,  the  appendages  obsolete; 
filaments  pubescent;  anthers  slightly  exserted; 
ovules  4-8  on  each  placenta;  capsule  globose,  i  yi  "  iu 
diameter,  6-12-seeded;  fruiting  pedicels  ascending. 

In  moist  soil,  Pennsylvania  to  Georgia,  Kansas  and 
Texas.    Ascends  to  2000  ft.  in  Virginia.    April-June. 


48 


IIYDROrilYI.LACKAE. 


[Vol,.  III. 


6.   Phacelia  hirsuta  Nutt,      Hairy 
Phacelia.     (l-'ig.  3007.) 

I'liacilia  hiiiiita  Null.  Triitis.  Am.  I'liil.  .Hoc.  (II.) 

5:  i.ii.      i\U   C- 
J'liiHilia  /><ir:i/fora   var.    hiisula   \.  Cray,   I'roc. 

-Viii.  .\iaJ.  10:  (ji.      1S75. 

Similar  to  the  preceding  species  but  usually 
stouter  and  larger,  hirsulc-p\il)csccnt.  Leaves 
petroled,  pinnatifid  or  deeply  pinnatcly  diviiled 
into  5-<)  oblong  obtuse  usually  entire  segments, 
or  the  upper  3-5-lobed  or  entire,  sessile;  ra- 
cemes rather  dense,  scorpioid  when  unfolding; 
lliiwers  blue,  6"-;"  broad;  calyx-segments  ob- 
long-lanceolate, hirsute;  corolla  rotate-cam- 
panulate,  its  appeiulagcs  short;  ovules  3-1  on 
each  placenta;  stamens  scarcely  exserted;  cap. 
sulc  globose,  4  Ssecded. 

Ill  dry  siiil,  VirKiiiia  tn  Cienrttia,  wist  to  Missouri 
anil  Te,\as.     April  June. 


7.  Phacelia  Covillei  S.  Wats. 
Coville'.s  Phacelia.      O'ig.  300S.) 

Phacilia  0>:illciS.  Wats,  in  .\.  Gray,  Man.  IM. 
6,  36(1.      i8</). 

Annual,  similar  to  the  two  preceding 
species,  branched  from  the  base,  pubescent; 
branches  very  slender,  weak,  6'-i2'  long. 
Leaves  deeply  pinnatifid  or  pinnntely  di- 
vided into  3-7  oblong  or  obovate,  obtuse  seg- 
ments; racemes  only  i-5-flo\vered;  pedicels 
filiform,  6''-iS"  long;  calyx-segments  linear, 
elongating  in  fruit;  corolla  tubular-campanu- 
late,  about  3''  long  and  broad  when  ex- 
panded; filaments  glabrous;  antheia  not  ex- 
serted; appendages  of  the  corolla  obsolete; 
capsule  globose,  iJ2"-2"  i"  diameter;  fruit- 
ing pedicels  recurved. 

Along  the  rutoinac  River  above  Washington 
D.  C.     April  May. 


Phacelia  Purshii  Biickl.     Pursh's 
Phacelia.     (Fig.  3009.) 

Phinelia  PHishii  liuckl.  Am.  Journ.  Sei.  45:  171. 
'   is>3- 

Annual,  pubescent;  stem  erect,  usually  much 
branched,  6''-iS'  high.  Lower  and  basal  leaves 
petioled,  i  J4''-3' long,  pinnately  parted  or  pin- 
natifid into  9-15  oblong  or  lanceolate,  acute  or 
obtusish,  entire  or  sometimes  incised  segments; 
upper  leaves  sessile,  with  fewer  segments;  ra- 
cemes strongly  i-sidcd,  io-20-flowered,  much 
elongated  iu  fruit;  pedicels  3"-i2"long;  calyx- 
segments  lanceolate  or  linear-lanceolate;  corolla 
^"-b"  broad,  blue  or  white,  nearly  rotate,  not 
appeudaged  within,  its  lobes  fimbriate;  filaments 
slightly  exceeding  the  corolla;  ovules  2  on  each 
placenta;  capsule  globose-ovoid. 

In  moist  woods  or  thickets,  Pennsylvania  to 
Minnesota,  south  to  North  Carolina,  Alabama  and 
Missouri.  Ascends  to  2000  ft.  in  Virginia.  April- 
June. 


•^-'f, 


Vol..  III.] 


WATKRLKAI'   FAMILY. 


9.  Phacelia  Bmbriilta  Michx.     rringed or  Mountain  Phacelia.    (Fig. 

Phacetia  fimbi  lala  Mielix.  l-'l.  Bor.  Am.  i:  i.^t.      '^"V  ,TT^^4*r~X'.'TOl/u/  ■">!. 

Annual,  sparingly  pubcsi'cnt;  stems  simple  or 
branclied,  asceniling  or  dilTuse,  6'-2i>'  lonj;.  Hasal 
and  lower  leaves  sleiider-pelioled,  2'-4'  lon^;,  pin- 
nately  divided  into  5-9  orbicular  obovateor  oblong 
obtuse  ilentatc  or  entire  segments;  upper  leaves 
sessile,  their  segments  oblong  or  lanceolate,  acute; 
clusters  loose,  ^-izflowercd;  pedicels  4"-l5" 
long!  (lowers 4"-5"  liroail,  white;  calyx-segments 
linear  to  spatulate,  obtuse;  corolla  rotato-cam- 
panulate,  not  appcndaged  within,  its  lobes  strongly 
fimbriate;  filaments  pilose,  al)out  etiualling  tlic 
corolla;  ovules  2  on  each  placenta  ;  capsule  de- 
pressed-globose, 2"  in  diameter. 


49 

3010.) 


In    uDDils,    niountaitis    of    Virginia    tn 
May-June. 


.Mabania. 


5.  NAMA  L.  Sp.  PI.  226.  1753. 
[HvDRor.K.v  h.  Sp.  I'l.  Kd.  2,  ;,2.S.  17^2.] 
Perennial  herbs,  some  tropical  species  shrubby,  with  alternate  entire  leaves,  sometimes 
with  spines  in  their  axils,  and  blue  cyniose-clustered  or  racemose  flowers.  Calyx-segments 
distinct  to  the  base,  ovate  or  lanceolate.  Corolla  rotate-campaiiulate,  not  appendaged 
within,  5-cleft,  the  lobes  imbricated  in  the  bud.  Stamens  inserted  on  the  base  of  the  corolla; 
fdamenls  filiform,  dilated  below;  anthers  sagittate.  Ovary  2-celled  (rarely  ;,-cellcd  1;  ovules 
numerous  in  each  cavity,  on  fleshy  adherent  placentae;  styles  2,  rarely  3,  slcmler  or  filiform, 
distinct  to  the  base;  stigma  capitcllate.  Capsule  globose  or  ovoid,  septicidally  or  irregularly 
dehiscent.     [C.reck,  a  stream,  referring  to  the  habitat.] 

.Vlioiit  IS  spt'cirs,  nalivt'S  of  warm  and  tropical  ripidtis  of  both  the  Old  World  and  tlu-  N'ew. 
liesides  the  folluwnig,  another  occur.'*  in  the  southern  I'liited  Stales. 

Leaves  lanceolate;  flowers  mostly  in  axillary  chislers. 

Glabrous,  or  very  nearly  so,  IhrouKhoul;  sepals  ovate  to  ovate-lanceolate. 

Villous,  at  least  above,  and  on  the  calyx;  sepals  lanceolate. 
I.eavesovate;  flowers  mostly  in  terminal  clusters;  sepals  villous.     ...      .< 


1.  .V.  affinis. 

2.  y.  t/itai/iiz'alz'is. 
,1.  .V.  ot'a/a. 


1.    Nama  afTinis  (A.  Gray) 

Kuntze.     Smooth  Nama. 

(Fig.  301 1.) 

Ilvdrolca  affinis  \.  Gray,  Man.  VA.  3,  370. 

'1S67. 
yama  affinis  Kuntze,  Rev.  Gen.  PI.  43,1.  iSyi. 

Glabrous  or  very  nearly  so  throughout, 
with  or  without  slender  spines  in  the 
axils;  stems  ascending,  i°-2}i°  high- 
Leaves  oblong-lanceolate,  petioled,  acute 
or  acuminate  at  both  ends,  2'-$'  long, 
4"-8"  wide;  flowers  6' '-7"  broad,  short- 
pcdicelled,  in  rather  dense  pcduncled 
leafy-bracted  axillary  clusters;  sepals 
ovate,  or  ovate-lanceolate,  acute  or  acumi- 
nate, about  equalling  the  corolla;  capsule 
2"  in  diameter  when  mature,  somewhat 
longer  than  the  styles,  shorter  than  the 
sepals. 

In  wet  places,  southern  Illinois  to  Mis- 
souri, Louisiana  and  Texas.    June-Augf. 


50 


lIVDKorilYI.I.ACEAK. 


[Vol..  iir. 


Nama  quadriv61vis  (Walt.)  Kuntze.     Hairy  Naina.     (Fig.  3012.) 

Ilydiolia  qiiadi  hHil:'is\\'s\\i.  I'l.C.ir.  no.      17.H8. 
I/vdiitlea   Cii  1(4  ill  id  nil   Miclix.   I'l.   Hor.  Am.  l: 

177.       lS<M. 
A'aiiid  (/iiadi  i:a/:f.  Kmit/.c,  Kiv.  Ciiii.  I'l.  .(i.S- 

l.H.jt. 

Sitnili\r  to  tlic  preceding  species,  but  puhes- 
cciit,  at  Icnsl  iit)<)vc,  and  on  the  calyx,  with 
spreading;  liiiirs,  usii..''yl)uarin);. blender  spines 
in  llie  axils;  sli-in  ascndinj,',  i"'-2"  lii),'ll. 
I.favcs  lancfolatc,  acute  or  acuminate,  ^la- 
l)rous,  or  sparin^jly  pubescent,  petioled,  2'-$' 
loiiKi  ,^"-S"  wide;  lower  petioles  jj'^lon),','or 
more;  flowers  in  axillary  cliustcrs;  sepals  lan- 
ceolate, or  linear-lanceolate,  acuminate,  about 
.'is  louK  as  the  corolla;  capsule  2"-^"  in  diam- 
eter, lon>;cr  than  the  styles,  about  the  length 
of  the  sepals. 

In  wit  wiil,  sDUllicasterii  Virginia  to' IMorida 
and  Louisiana.    Juni' -.Auk. 


^^^- 


3.    Nama  ovata  (Xiitt.)  Uritton. 
Ovate-leaved  Xania.      (Imr.  3013.) 

Hvdi'itea   (K'litd   Null.    Trans.  Am.   I'liil.   Sac. 

'(II.;  5:  K.jii.      iSxi,  .\7. 
jV.  ovalii  11-  itlnn,  Mem.  Tovr.  Club,  5:  272.    iS(i4. 

Stem  erector  nearly  so,  1"-,^°  high,  usually 

branched   near  the  summit,  ])uberulent,  or 

somewhat   hirsute,    at   least  above,    usually 

spine-bearing  in  most  of  the  axils.     Leaves 

ovate,  rarely  ovate-lanceolate,  puberulent,  or 

j^labrouR,  sliort-])etioled,  or  the  upper  almost 

sessile,  i'-2'.'  lonjj,  ,'j'-i,'4'  wiile,  acute  at 

the  apex,  narrowed  or  rounded  at  the  base; 

flowers  in  terminal  clusters,  often   l'  broad, 

I  r  more;  sepals  lanceolate,  acuminate,  very 

villous,  shorter  than  the  corolla,  longer  than 

the  capsule;  styles  longer  than  the  sejials. 

Ill  wi't  Soil.  C,vttX)i'\:\  to    Slissouri,   Louisiana 
and  Te.\as.     Slay  Sipt. 


T^J 


'  ^-* 


Family  23.     BORAGINACEAE  T.iiidl.  Nat.  Sy.st.  VA.  2,  274.       1836, 

liORAGi;   I'AMlr.V. 

Annual  biennial  or  perennial  herbs,  .shrubs,  or  .some  tropical  species  trees. 
Leaves  alternate,  very  rarely  opposite  dx  verticillate,  exstipulate,  mostly  entire 
and  hi.spid,  pubescent,  scabrous  or  setose.  Flowers  perfect,  usually  regular, 
mostly  blue,  in  one-sided  .scorpioid  spikes,  racemes,  cymes,  or  sometimes  .scat- 
tered. Calyx  inferior,  mostly  5-lobed,  5-cleft,  or  5-parted,  usually  persistent. 
Corolla  gamopetalous,  mostly  regular  and  5-lobed,  sometimes  crested  or  appen- 
daged  in  the  throat,  rarely  irregular,  its  lobes  imbricated,  convolute,  plicate  or 
induplicate  in  the  bud.  Stamens  as  many  as  the  corolla-lobes  and  alternate  with 
them,  inserted  on  the  tube  or  throat;  filaments  .slender  or  short;  anthers  2 -celled, 
the  sacs  longitudinally  dehiscent.  Disk  annular,  entire,  or  5-lobed,  or  none, 
commonly  inconspicuous.  Ovary  superior,  of  2  2-ovuled  carpels,  entire,  or  the 
carpels  commonly  deeply  2-lobed,  making  it  appear  as  of  4  i-ovuled  carpels; 
style  simple,  entire  or  2-cleft  in  our  genera;  ovules  anatropous  or  amphitropous. 
Fruit  mostly  of  4  i -seeded  nutlets,  or  of  2  2-.seeded  carpels.     Endosperm  fleshy, 


Voi,.  HI,] 


IlORAdIv  FAMILY. 


51 


copious,  or  none;  embryo  straij^ht  or  curved;  cotyledons  mostly  flat  or  planj- 
coiivcx;  radicle  short. 

AI>out  Sij  uiiKf''  ami  i,S'«>  upecieH.  of  wide  K'OKrnplilc  ilistribiiticiti. 

•X-   Ovary  entire  or  ]-4-Kruoved  :  ulyle  terminnl.  t.    llflioliof'iHtn, 

¥••   ■;<■  Ovary  4-ilivliled  ur  deeply  4-lobed,  the  atyle  ariaiiiK  from  the  center. 
I'lowcrs  ri'ijiiliir. 

Nullity  ariiii-(l  with  )>nrlii'il  prickUs. 

Niitlils  Mprciuliiin  or  (livcrKctit,  iDviricl  by  llif  iirickUs.  2.  Cyiioi;li>\siiin. 

Nullils  iriil  or  iiiiiirvrd,  tin  iiriikk"  oti  their  liaiks  or  iiiarKiii'*.  3.  Liipfmla. 

Nulkls  iitiiiniiid. 

Nlitlits  attarliiMl  latrrnlly  to  tlic  rci'i  iilailf,  soitutiims  juht  above  Hair  banes. 
J''niiliii({  ialy\  not  Kiially  iiilarKid  nor  imiiibraiioiis. 

Corolla  small,  usually  whiti-;  rcci-ptacl'.'  conic  or  eli>iitfaliil. 

Aiiiiiials;  calyx  nearly  dosiil  in  fruit;  indoriscciicc  naked  or  brncteolatc. 
Lowest  leaves  mostly  opposite;  calyx  persistent.  .(.   .U/ndiiKi. 

Leaves  all  alt(rniite;  calyx  at  lentttli  (leciilnoiis.  s.   It  yfiliiii/lir. 

I'ennnialH  or  biennials;  calyx  seKimtits  more  or  less  spreading  in  frnit;  inllor- 
esu  nee  leafy.  o,    ()>  I'udlijil. 

Corolla  tnbiilarfniinelfoiin.  mostly  blue;  receptacle  flat  or  convex. 


Maritime;  nutlets  (lesliy,  smooth  ami  sliiiiiii({. 
Not  maritime;  niilkts  wrinkleil  when  mature  ami  dry. 
I'mitiiiK  calyx  mncli  cnlatvred,  membranous,  veiny. 
Nutlets  attached  to  llii   receptacle  by  their  very  bases. 
.Scar  of  attachment  small,  Hat. 

Corolla  salverform  or  fminelform.  its  lobes  routidi d,  spreading. 
Kaciines  n(;t  biactid;  coroll.i  tube  short. 
Kaciiiies  braet(  d;  corolla  tube  cylindrie,  usually  slender. 
Corolla  tubular,  its  lobes  erect,  acute. 
Scar  of  attachment  larxe,  concave. 
Coroll.i  tubular,  ,s  toothed. 
Conilla  rol.ile;  anthers  erect  in  ,1  cone. 
I'lowers  irrepular. 

.Slaiiuiis  ineliulcd;  throat  of  the  corolla  dosed  by  scales. 
Stamens  exserted,  throat  of  the  corolla  dilated,  open. 


Piirii mill  ill. 
Afi  I  Ifii^iii. 
.■\s(>r>u,i;ii. 


10.      .V|VlMl//f. 

11.  /.illii>\f>fi  iiiiim. 
I  J.   (fiiiismm/iiini. 


Sviiif^liyhiiii. 
tu  hi  II  III. 


1.  //.  I'.uiofiaeinii. 

2.  //.  Ciiiiissa.iciiiii. 
,5.  //.  leiiiiliiiii. 

If.  ciiir.olziilairiim. 
}[.  I  mi  i  Clint. 


I.    HELIOTROPIUM  L.  Sp.  PI.  130.       175;,. 

Herbs  or  .shrubs,  with  alternate  mostly  entire  aiul  petioled  leaves,  and  small  blue  or 
white  flowers,  in  scorpioid  sjiikes,  or  scattered.  Calyx-lobes  or  -segments  lanceolate  or  lin- 
ear. Corolla  salverform  or  funnelforni,  naked  in  the  throat,  its  tube  cylindrie,  its  lobes 
imbricated,  jilicate  or  indu])licate  in  the  bud,  spreadinj;  in  flower.  .Stamens  included;  fila- 
ments short,  or  none.  Style  terminal,  short  or  slender;  sti).(ma  conic  or  annular.  I'Vnit 
2-.plol)ed,  separating;  into  4  i-seedcd  nutlets,  or  into  2,  2-seeded  carpels.  Ovary  entire,  or 
2-4-groovcd.     |(ireck,  sun-turnin>;,  /.  c,  turiiinj;  to  or  with  the  sun.  | 

About  1 15  siieeies,  widely  distributed  in  warm  temperate  and  tropical  renions.     liesides  the  fol- 
lowiinf,  some  o  others  occur  in  the  southern  and  western  parts  of  North  America.     The  species  are 
c.dled  Tnrusole. 
I'niil  (-lobed.  each  lobe  becoming  a  i-seedcd  nutlet. 

I'lowers  in  scorpioid  spikes. 

Plant  rouuli  pnbi  rulenl;  Uavisovnl. 
C.labrous,  lleshy;  leaves  linear  or  spatulate. 

I'Mowers  solitary,  terminatiuK  short  branches. 
I'ruit  2-lobed,  or  of  2  carpels. 

Style  elonRated;  flowers  large,  scattered,  white. 

.Style  very  short;  flowers  blue,  in  scorpioid  spikes. 

I.  Heliotropium  Europaeum  L.     Ivuropean 
Heliotrope.     (Fig.  3014.) 

lIilioliot>iniii  Kiiiopaeiiin  \,.  Sp.  IM.  i,v>.      'V.S.V 

Aimual,  much  l)ranchcd,  rough-puberulent,  6'-iS' 
liiKh.  Leaves  oval,  i'-2'  lonj;,  obtuse  at  the  apex, 
narrowed  at  the  base,  slender-pctioled,  pinnatcly 
veined;  flowers  white,  i'"-2"  broad,  in  dense  i-sidcd 
scorpioid,  bractlcss  spikes;  terminal  spikes  in  pairs, 
the  lateral  ones  commonly  solitary,  becoming  I'-y 
loiiK  in  fruit;  calyx-segments  lanceolate  to  linear- 
lanceolate,  shorter  than  the  corolla-tube;  anthers  dis- 
tinct, obtuse;  stigma-tip  long-conic;  fruit  depressed- 
globose,  pubescent,  4-lobed,  at  length  separating  into 
4  nutlets. 

In  waste  places,  southern  New  York  and  Pennsylvania 
to  Florida.  Adventivc  or  naturalized  from  Europe. 
June-Oct. 


I- 


52 


nORAGINACEAK. 


[Vol..  III. 


a.   Heliotropium  Curassavicum  L.     Sea-side  Heliotrope.     (Fig.  3015.) 

lleUottopiiiDi  Cuiiissavicnm  I,.  Sp.  PI.  i,v).  i733- 
Annual  1  or  southward  perennial  ?),  fleshy, 
glabrous  throughout,  more  or  less  glaucous, 
hraiicheil,  tlilTuse,  tlic  branches  6'-lS'  long. 
Leaves  oblanccolate,  linear,  linear-oblong,  or 
spatulate,  entire,  very  inconspiouously  veined, 
I '-2'  long,  lyi'^-i"  wide,  obtuse  at  the  apex, 
narrowed  into  petioles,  or  the  upper  sessile, 
sometimes  wilh  smaller  ones  fascicled  in  the 
axils;  scorpioid  spikes  densely  flowered,  bract- 
less,  mostly  in  pairs;  flowers  about  2"  broad; 
calyx-scjnnents  lanceolate,  acute;  corolla  white 
with  a  yellow  eye  or  changing  to  blue;  stigma 
umbrclla-shapcd;  anthers  acuminate;  fruit  glo- 
bose, at  length  separating  into  4  nutlets. 

On  sandy  seashores,  VirRinia  to  Texas  and  Mex- 
ico. In  dry  saline  .soil  from  Manitoba  and  the 
Norlluvisl  Teriitory  to  Nebraska  and  'IVxas.  On 
tile  racilu-  Coast  from  (iretfon  to  Me.xico.  Widely 
distributtd  in  salim  and  maritinR'  soil  in  .South 
.America  and  tin-  Old  World.  In  ballast  about  the 
nortlitrn  stajiorts.     May-Sept. 

3.  Heliotropium  tenellum  (Xutt.)  Torn 

Slender  Heliotrope.     (Fig.  3016.) 
Lilhosf'irinum  tcuflln»t  Nntt.  Trans.  Am.   I'liil.  Soc. 

H.  tenellum  Torr.  in  Marcy's  Rip.  ,',o|.  fl.  i /.  uSs^. 
Annual,  strigose-canesccnt;  stem  erect,  slender, 
paniculately  branched,  connnoidy  leaHcss  below, 
6'-l8' high.  Leaves  linear,  entire,  }i'-\'/i'  long, 
\"-i"  wide,  narrowed  at  both  ends,  .sessile,  or  the 
lower  petioled;  flowers  white,  about  2'j"  long, 
sessile  at  the  ends  of  short  lateral  branches,  bracted 
by  I  or  2  leaves;  calyx-segments  unequal,  the  2  or 
3  larger  ones  about  as  long  as  the  corolla;  corolla- 
tube  canescent,  slightly  longer  than  the  limb,  its 
lobes  entire;  anthers  obtuse;  stigma  subulate-tipped; 
fruit  depressed,  4-lobed,  strigose-pubcscent,  separ- 
ating into  4  I -seeded  nutlets. 

In  dry  soil,  Kentucky  to  Kansas,  south  to  Alabama, 
Texas  and  New  Mexico.     April-AuK. 

4.  Heliotropium  convolvulaceum  (Xiitt. 

(Fig.  301  ?• 

Euploca  lonvolviilacea   Nutt.  Trans.   .\m.   I'liil.  Soc. 

(II.)5:iS<».      iS.vv.V- 
Il.conz'olviitiiieiiDi  .\  (",ray,MLMn.Am.Acad.6:4ov    i8,S7. 

Annual,  strigose-canesceiit,  usually  much  branch- 
ed, 6''-i5'  high,  the  branches  ascending.  Leaves 
ob'ong,  ovate,  or  lanceolate,  entire,  short-petiolcd, 
obtu.-e  or  acnte  at  the  apex,  narrowed  at  the  base, 
/^'-i'i  long;  flowers  numerous,  fragrant,  very 
short-pe<luncitd,  terminal  and  lateral,  mostly 
solitary  and  opposite  ih»!  leaves;  calyx-segments 
liinceolate,  acuminate,  equal;  corolla  white,  stri- 
gosc,  8"-io"  long,  about  6''  broad,  its  tube 
narrowed  at  the  throat,  longer  than  the  calyx 
and  the  angulate-lol)cd  limb;  anthers  inserted 
on  the  tube  of  the  corolla,  slightly  cohering  by 
their  tips;  style  filiform;  stigma  with  a  tufl  of 
bristly  hairs;  fruit  3-lobcd,  pubescent,  each  lobe 
splitting  into  2  i-seeded  nutlets. 

In  dry  sandy  soil,  Nebraska  to  Texas,  I'tali,  and 
Mexico.    July-Sept. 


)  A.  Grav.     Hindweed  Heliotrope. 

) 


Voi<.  III.] 


HORACE   FAMILY. 


53 


5.    Heliotropium  Indicum  L.     Indian  Heliotrope.     (Fig 

Helioltofiium  Indicxim  I..  Sp.  PI.  13).      175,!. 

Annual,  more  or  less  hirsute  or  hispiil;  stem 
commonly  branched,  1°-^°  high.  lyCaves  ovate 
or  oval,  obtuse  or  acute  at  the  apex,  obtuse 
rounded  or  subcordatc  at  the  base,  2'  6'  long, 
l'-3>^'' wide,  repaud  or  undulate,  borne  on  mar- 
gined petioles  %'-2yi'  long;  flowers  l)lue,  i"-}," 
broad,  sessile  in  terminal  dense  l)ractlcss  usually 
solitary  scorpioid  spikes  which  become  ,V  6'  long 
in  fruit;  calyx-scgmcnts  lanceolate,  acute,  shorter 
than  the  strigose  corolla-tube;  style  very  short, 
deciduous;  fruit  deeply  2-lobcd,  glabrous,  the  lobes 
divergent,  each  finally  splitting  into  2  nutlets, 
each  of  which  is  ribbed  on  the  back. 

In  waste  placis,  North  Carolina  to  Illinois,  south  to 
Florida  and  Texas.  Natiirali/Ail  from  Indi.i  Also  in 
ballast  about  the  nortlKrn  seaports.  Wiilily  distrib- 
uted in  warm  regions  as  a  wceil.     May-Nov. 


2.    CYNOGLOSSUM  L.  Sp.  PI.  134.       1753. 

Hirsute  or  hispid  (rarely  glabrous!  mostly  tall  herbs,  with  alternate  entire  leaves,  the 
ha.sal  long-petioled,  and  purple  blue  or  white  (lowers  in  paiiicled,  more  or  less  scorpioid 
racemes.  Calyx  s-cleft  or  5-parted,  enlarged  and  spreading  or  reflexed  in  fruit.  Corolla 
funr.elform  or  salvcrform.  the  lube  short,  tlii'  throat  closed  by  .S  scales  opposite  the  imbri- 
cated rounded  lobes.  Stamens  included;  filaments  short;  anthers  ovate  or  oblong.  Ovary 
deeply  4lobcd,  separating  into  |  diverging  nutlets  in  fruit;  style  mostly  slender.  Nutlets 
oblique,  flat  or  convex  above,  attached  laterally  to  the  coiu'-x  or  conic  receptacle,  covered 
with  short  barbed  prickles.     [Creek,  dog's  tongue.] 

About  75  spi'iics  ol  wide  (jcoKiapliic  distribution.  liesidcs  the  following,  some  ;  others  occur 
in  western  North  .\iiierica. 

1.  C.  otfuinale. 

2.  (".   i'irt;iiiicum. 


Stem  leafy  to  the  top:  (lowers  reddish,  purple  or  white;  nutlets  tlat. 
Stem  leafless  above;  llowers  blue;  nutlets  convex. 


I.  Cynoglossum  officinale  L. 


Hound' .s-tongiie.   Gipsy  Flower.  (Fig.  3019. ) 

(  j«();'/(itt;(H/  (tlficiiiillf  I,.  Sp.  I'l.  1,<(.  17,5.?. 
Hicnnial,  pubescent;  stem  erect,  Itafy 
to  the  toj),  .stout,  usually  branched,  \%°- 
,^°  high.  Hasal  and  lower  leaves  oblong 
or  oblong-lanceolate,  slcnder-peliolcd, 
sometimes  obtuse,  f>'-l2'  long,  i '-3' wide; 
upper  leaves  lanceolate,  acute  or  acumi- 
nate, se.ssile,  or  the  upiicrniost  clasping; 
racemes  several  or  numerous,  bractless  or 
s])aringly  bracted,  simple  or  branched, 
much  elongated  in  fruit;  pedicels  .^"-6" 
long;  calyx-segments  ovate- lanceolate, 
acute;  corolla  reddish-purple  or  rarely 
white,  about  4"  broad;  fruit  pyramidal, 
about  3"  broad,  each  of  the  4  nutlets  form- 
ing a  side  of  the  pyramid.  Hat  on  their 
upper  faces,  margined,  splitting  away  at 
maturity,  but  hanging  attached  to  por- 
tions of  the  subulate  style. 

In  fields  aiul  waste  places,  (Juebec  and  On- 
tario to  Minnesota,  south  to  North  Carolina 
and  Kansas.  ( ifteii  a  troublesome  weed. 
Naturalized  from  l';urope.  Native  also  of 
Asia.  Called  also  Dogs-tongue,  Rose  Noble. 
May  Sept. 


54 


BORAOTNACKAE. 


[Vol.. 


2.  Cynoglossum  Virginicum  L. 

Wild  Cuinfrej'.     (Fig.  3020.) 

CvnoglossiDH   I'll  gill  nil  in  I,.  Sp.  I'l.  134. 

Perennial,  hirsute;  stem  usually  sim- 
ple, leafless  above,  stout,  i  ]/t°-2%°  liigli. 
Kasal  anil  lower  leaves  oval  or  obloiifj, 
4'-l2'  long,  obtuse  at  the  apex,  nar- 
rowed into  petioles;  upper  leaves  ob- 
long, or  ovate-laiiccolalc,  sessile  and 
clasping  by  a  cordate  base,  acute,  nearly 
as  large,  or  the  one  or  two  uppermost 
quite  small;  racemes  2  6,  corymbose, 
bractless,  long-peduncleil;  flowers  blue, 
abouts"  broad;  calyx-segments obloug- 
lanccolate,  obtuse;  fruit  depressed,  4" 
broad,  the  nutlets  convex  ou  the  upper 
face,  not  margined,  separating  and  fall- 
ing away  at  maturity. 

In  woods,  New  Brunswick  to  western 
Ontario,  south  to  I'Morida.  Louisiana  and 
Kansas.  Ascends  to  2501  ft.  in  Virginia. 
April-May. 


3.    LAPPULA  MoetK-h,  Meth.  416.      1794. 
[EciiiNOSPKRMiM  Sw.;  Leiim.  Aspcrif.  113.      181.S.] 

Annual  or  perennial  rough-pubescent  or  canescent  erect  branching  herbs,  with  alternate 
narrow  entire  leaves,  and  small  or  minute  blue  or  white  flowers,  in  terminal  bracted  or 
bractless  racemes.  Calyx  deeply  ,s-cleft  or  5-parted,  the  segments  narrow.  Corolla  salver- 
form  or  funnelform,  the  tube  very  short,  the  throat  closed  by  5  scales,  the  '  ibes  obtuse, 
spreading,  indjricated  in  t!:^'  bud.  vStamens  included;  fdamcnts  very  short.  U\ary  4-lobcd; 
style  short.  Nutlets  4,  erect  or  incurved,  laterally  attached  to  the  receptacle,  at  length 
separating,  the  margins  or  backs  armed  with  stout  often  flattened  barbed  prickles,  the  sides 
usually  papillose  or  tuberculate.     [niniinutive  ot  the  Latin  lappa,  a  bur.] 

About  411  species,  mostly  natives  of  the  nortli  temperate  zone.     Besides  the  fi)lIowingf,  several 
others  occur  in  western  North  America. 
Racemes  bracted;  fruiliuK  pedicels  not  deflcxcd. 
k       Prickles  in  2  rows  on  the  uiarKins  of  tlie  nutlets,  distinct. 
'  *   Prickles  in  i  row  on  the  uiarRins,  nu)re  or  less  cuiilluent. 
Racemes  Uracted  only  at  the  base;  fruitiufr  pedicels  dellexid. 

Stem  leaves  ovate-oblong,  the  basal  cordate;  fruit  globose.  3.  /,.  I'irginiana. 

Leaves  oblong,  oblong  lanceolate  or  linear;  fruit  pyramidal. 

I'lowcrs  3"-,s"  broad;  fruit  ahcnit  ,V'  bmad.  4. 

Flowers  i"-2"  broad;  frtiit  about  j"  broad.  5. 


L.  I.appula. 
L.  Ttwaiia. 


I.,  floiibiiiida. 
I,.  Ainei  icaiia. 


I.  Lappula  Lappula  (Iv.)  Karst.    European  Stickseed.    Burseed.  (Fig.  3021.) 

Afyosolis  I.apt>ula  I,.  Sp.  I'l.  131.      17.S3. 
I.appula  Afyosolu  Moeiieh,  Meth.  417.      1794. 
I'.chiiiospei  tituin  l.appiila  I.ehni.  .Asperif.  121.     181S. 
Lappula  l.appiila  Karst.  Deutseh.  FI.979.      1S80-83. 

Annual,  pale,  leafy,  hispid  or  appressed-pubcs- 
ceiit,  branched,  i°-2°  high,  the  branches  erect. 
Leaves  linear,  linear-oblong  or  the  lowest  spatu- 
late,  sessile  or  the  lower  narrowed  into  petioles, 
ascending  or  erect,  obtuse  or  obtusish  at  the 
apex,  yi'-iyi'  \oi\^\  racemes  leafy -bracted,  more 
or  less  I -sided;  pedicels  very  short,  stout,  not  de- 
flexed  in  fruit;  calyx-segments  lanceolate,  be- 
coming une(|ual  and  spreading;  corolla  blue, 
about  i"  broad;  fruit  globose-oval,  l*^"  in  diam- 
eter; the  nutlets  papillose  ou  the  back,  the  mar- 
gins.arnicd  with  2  rows  of  slender  distinct  prickles. 

In  waste  places.  Nova  Scotia  to  British  Columbia, 
south  to  New  Jersey  and  Nebraska.  Naturalized 
from  ICurope.     Native  also  of  Asia.     May-Sept. 


Vol..  III.] 


boragp:  family. 


55 


2.   Lappula  Texana  (Scheele)  Britton. 
Hairy  Sticksced.     (Fig.  3022.) 

Cy>ioi;lossum  pi/nsiim  Null.  Geii.  i.  114.      1818.     Not 

K.  iS:  P.     I7()|. 
/■'.  7V' tvj (/;/«/ Sclici'lc,  I.iiitiaea,  25:  260.      iSs2 
J'.ihiiiosfii)  mum  Kfiinu'skii  var.  <  iipulaliim  X.  Cray 

ill  llrcwer  &  Wals.  lidt.  Cal.  i:  SV)-      '876. 
/.apf>iila  I'd  ana  MrWXow,  Mum.  Torn  Club,  5:  27.^.  1894. 

Annual,  similar  to  the  preceding  species,  6'-2° 
high,  ])aniculately  branched,  the  branches  ascend- 
ing or  erect.  Leaves  linear  or  linear-oblong,  mostly 
obtuse,  the  lower  narrowed  into  petioles;  racemes 
leafy-bracted;  pedicels  short,  not  dcflexed  in  fruit; 
flowers  about  1"  broad;  nutlets  papillosc-tubercn- 
late  on  the  Inick,  the  margins  armed  with  a  single 
row  of  flat,  usually  more  or  less  confluent  bristles, 
or  these  united  into  a  cup. 

In  dry  soil,  JIanitoba  and  the  Northwest  Territory  to 
Britisli  Cohimbia,  south  to  Nebraska,  Texas  and  .Vri- 
zotia.  Nutlets  with  nearly  distinct  bristles  and  otiiers 
with  bristles  united  into  a  cup  sonietinies  occur  on  the 
same  fruit,     .\pril  Aus- 


3.    Lappula  Virginiana  (ly.)  Greene.     Virginia  Stickseed.     (Fig.  3023.) 


Afyosolh  I'iixiiiiana  L.  Sp.  I'l.  1,^1.      175,5. 
Cvni'i^/ossuiii  Mi>risoni  DC.  I'rodr.  10:  155.      1846. 
IC.  I'irffiiticiim  Lelnu.  Asperif.  120.      1.S18. 
Lappula  VitxtniaHa  Greene,  Pittonia,  2:  1S2.      1S91. 

Biennial,  pubescent;  stem  pjiniculately  branched, 
2°-4°  high,  the  branches  slender,  spreading.  Basal 
leaves  (seldom  present  at  flowering  time)  ovate  or 
nearly  orbicular,  cordate,  long-petioled,  mostly 
obtuse;  stem  leaves  ovate-oblong  or  oval,  acute  or 
acuminate  at  the  ape.^c,  narrowed  to  the  base, 
petiolcd,  3'-8'  long,  I '-4'  wide,  the  uppermost 
smaller,  sessile;  racemes  very  slender,  divergent, 
bracted  at  the  base,  the  bracts  similar  to  the  upper 
leaves;  pedicels  slender,  short,  recurved  in  fruit; 
corolla  nearly  white,  about  \"  broad;  fruit  glo- 
bose, nearly  2"  in  diameter;  nutlets  covered  on 
the  margins  and  usually  also  on  the  back  by  the 
slender  distinct  flattened  barbed  prickles, the  backs 
commonly  also  more  or  less  papillose. 

I  In  dry  woods  and  thickets.  New  Brunswick  to  west- 
fern  Ontario  and  Minnesota,  Al.ib.ima,  Louisiana  and 
Nebraska.    Called  Beggar's-tieks  or  lice.    June-Sept. 


4.  Lappula  floribunda  (Lelim.)  Greene. 
Large-flowered  Stickseed.    (Fig.  3024.) 

r:,liiiiosf>e>  mum  Jloiihiindum  Lehm.  in  Hook.  V\. 

Bor.  Am,  2:  84,   />/.  if:/.      18^, 
Lappula  Jhiiihuiida  Greene,  Pittonia,  2: 1S2.      \'><.)\. 

Biennial  or  perennial,  rough-pubescent; 
stem  stout,  paniculately  branched,  2°  5°  high, 
the  branches  nearly  erect.  Leaves  oblong,  ob- 
long-lanceolate, or  linear-lanceolate,  2'-4'  long, 
a"-i(>"  wide,  sessile,  acute  or  obtuse  at  the 
ape.x,  or  the  lower  narrowed  into  petioles;  ra- 
cemes numerous,  erect  or  nearly  so,  very  densely 
flowered,  bracted  at  the  base,  many  of  them  in 
pairs;  pedicels  2'''-4'''  long,  reflexcd  in  fruit; 
flowers  blue,  3"-s"  broad;  fruit  pyramidal, 
about  y"  broad;  nutlets  keeled,  papillose- 
tuberculate  on  the  back,  the  margins  armed 
with  a  single  row  of  flat  prickles,  which  are 
sometimes  confluent  at  the  base. 

Western  Ontario  and  Minnesota  to  British  Colum- 
bia, south  to  New  Mexico  and  Calit'ornia.  June  -Aug. 


56  HORAGINACKAIv.  [Vol..  Ill, 

5.  Lappula  Americ£lna  ^...  Gray)  Rydberg.  Nodding Stickseed.  (Fig.  3025.) 


I'.chinospermum   deflexum  var. 
(Iray,  I'mc.  Am.  Aciul.  17:  22). 


Amciicaiium 

l8,H2. 


iMppula  Ameiiiaiia  Kydberg,  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  24: 

Annual,  rouKli-puberulcnt;  stem  slender,  erect, 
paniculately  branched,  i"-,^"^  high,  the  branches 
spreading  or  ascending.  Leaves  oblong  or  ob- 
long-lanceolate, mostly  narrowed  at  both  ends, 
2''Y  long,  2;^"-6"  wide,  the  lower  petioled, 
the  upper  sessile;  racemes  slender,  many-flow- 
ered; pedicels  slender,  2"  4"  long,  deflexed  in 
fruit;  corolla  white  or  bluish,  about  1"  broad; 
fruit  pyramidal,  about  2"  broad;  nutlets  keeled, 
papillosc-tuberculate  on  the  back,  rarely  with  a 
few  prickles  on  the  keel,  the  margins  armed 
with  a  single  row  of  flat  prickles. 

Ill  tliickils,  Manitoba  and  N'nrtli  Hakotatd  British 
Culuinbia.     Also  in  ICuropi  and  Asia.     May-.\UK- 


4.  ALLOCaRYA  Greene,  Pittonia,  i:  12.  1887. 
Mostly  annual  low  herbs,  with  linear  entire  leaves,  the  lowest  often  opposite,  and  small 
flowers  in  terminal  spikes  or  racemes.  Pedicels  tliickened  at  the  summit,  persistent.  Calyx 
5-divided,  persistent,  the  segments  narrow.  Corolla  salverform,  white,  yellow  in  the  throat. 
Stamens  included.  Ovary  4-divided;  style  short.  Nutlets  crustaceous,  smooth,  or  rough, 
attached  at  their  base  or  below  the  middle  to  the  receptacle,  the  scar  of  attachment  concave 
or  raised.     IGreek,  diflcrent  nuts.]  ^^  /"^"V   k 

About   25  spLcics,   natives  of   western   North       ,.^j^^^  E^OA 

Ametica.  '■*        ^     '         ^      -Si 

I.    Allocarya  scopulorum  Greene. 
Mountain  Allocarya.     (Fig.  3026.) 

Erilrichiutti  Califoi  nicuni  var.  subjih'chidialitm 

\.  (iray,  Hot.  Cal.  i:  ,sj6.      In  p;irt.     1S76. 
Allocarya  .scupulm  iitii  C.rei  lie,  Pittonia,  i:  i(>.     1887. 

Somewhat  succulent  jnibescent,  with  scat- 
tered stiff  appressed  hairs,  branched,  the  slen- 
der spreading  branches  I'-S'  long.  Leaves  6"- 
iS"  long,  I'^-i's"  wide,  sessile  or  very  short- 
petioled,  flowers  about  i"  broad,  distant,  borne 
in  most  of  the  axils,  very  short-pedicelled; 
floral  bracts  similar  to  the  leaves,  but  shorter; 
calyx  segments  linear-lanceolate;  nutlets  reticu- 
late on  the  back,  lightly  grooved  on  the  ventral 
side. 

Western  Nebraska  to  Montana,  Wyoming  and 
Colorado.     June-Sept. 

5.    CRYPTANTHE  Lelim,  Sent.  Ilort.  Ilatnbttrg.       1832. 
[Krvnitzki.\  1'.  &  M.  Ind.  Sem.  Hort.  I'etrop.  7:  5.1.      1S41.] 

Low  antmal  setose  or  hispid  branched  herbs,  with  narrow  alternate  entire  leaves,  and 
small  mostly  white  flowers,  in  scorpioid  bractlcss  or  bracteolate  spikes.  Calyx  s-parted  or 
5-cleft,  iit  length  deciduous  from  the  spike,  the  lobes  or  segments  erect,  mostly  connivent  in 
fruit.  Corolla  smalf  fuiinelform,  usually  with  5  scales  closing  the  throat,  the  lobes  imbri- 
cated in  the  bud.  .Stamens  included;  fllanients  short.  Ovary  4- divided;  style  short;  stigma 
capitellatc.  Nutlets  erect,  rounded  on  the  back,  not  keeled,  the  margins  obtuse,  acute  or 
wing-margined,  attached  laterally  to  t'.e  conic  or  elongated  receptacle,  the  scar  of  ittach- 
mcnt  mostly  longer  than  broad.     [Grjek,  hidden-flowered.] 

About  50  species,  natives  of  N<irtli  .nid  .South  America,  mostly  of  the  western  I'nited  Slates. 
Nutlets,  at  least  some  of  them,  with  short  processes.  I.  C.  ciaxsisepala. 

All  four  nutlets  smooth  and  shining.  2.  C.  h'endleri. 


Vol..  III.] 


HORACE   FAMILY, 


57 


Cryptanthe  crassisepala  (T.  &  G. )  Greene. 

(Fig.  3027.) 


Thick-sepaled  Cryptanthe. 


J-'.i  ill  iihiiim  cntssisrfialHiii  T.  &  G.  I'ac.  R. 

K.  Kc|).  2.  171.      iSv). 
A'nni/ziiii  t  iassistf>tilti  A.  (Iray,  Pruc.  Atn. 

Arad.  20:  2(kS.      1SS5. 
O  Yplauthe  crassisepala  Orii'iic,  I'ittunia,  i: 

112.      1887. 

Densely  hispid,  at  length  much  launch- 
ed, 3'-6'  hiKh.  Leaves  linear,  or  liiiear- 
spatulate,  }j'  l}i'  long,  sessile,  or  llie 
lower  narrowed  into  petioles;  spikes  very 
densely  flowere<l;  (lowers  about  2"  broad, 
sessile,  bracteolate,  the  bractlets  slightly 
longer  than  the  calyx;  fruiting  calyx  3" 
long,  closing  over  the  fruit,  its  segments 
linear,  obtusish,  their  midribs  much 
thickened;  fruit  of  3  finely  niuricate  nut- 
lets, and  I  larger  smooth  and  shining  nut- 
let about  l"  long,  attached  to  the  recep- 
tacle from  the  base  to  near  the  middle. 

In  dry  soil,  Ncirtluvest  Terrilnrj-  to  Ne- 
braska, Kansas,  Texas  and  New  Mexico. 
Jiuu   .\ug. 


2.    Cryptanthe  Fendleri  (A.  Gray) 

Greene.      Fendler's  Cryptanthe. 

(Fig.  3028.) 

K'rvnilzkia  Fendiei  i  \.  Cray,  True.  Atn.  Acad. 

20:  26S.     1S85. 
Ci  vfianllif  I'endleri  (ireene,  I'iltonia,  i:  1211. 

i^^7. 

ICrect,  hispid;  stem  slender,  panicnlntely 
branched,  6'-i5'  high.  Leaves  linear,  or  the 
lowest  linear-spalulate,  1'  2  ti' long;  spikes 
slender,  bracteolate  only  at  tlie  base;  flow- 
ers sessile,  1"  2"  broad;  fruiting  caly.>: 
nearly  closed,  its  segments  linear,  leaf  like, 
herbaceous,  about  2"  long;  nutlets  4,  all 
alike,  brown,  smooth  and  shining,  less  than 
\"  long,  attached  to  the  receptacle  from  the 
base  to  about  the  middle. 

In  dry  snil,  Nurtliwest  Territory  to  Washing- 
ton, south  to  Neljrfiska  and  .\ri/ima.  June -Auk 


6.    OREOCARYA  Greene,  Pittonia,  1:57.       1887. 

Perennial  or  biennial  hispid  or  strigose-pnbescent  herbs,  mostly  with  thick  woody  roots, 
alternate  or  basal  narrow  leaves,  and  small  white  racemose-paniculate  or  densely  thyrsoid 
flowers.  Calyx  very  deeply  5-parted  or  5-divided,  the  segments  lanceolate,  more  or  less 
.spreading  or  recurved  in  fruit.  Corolla  fimnelform  or  salverforin,  mostly  crested  in  the 
throat,  5-lobed.  Stamens  included.  Ovary  4-diviiled;  style  mostly  short.  Nutlets  4,  later- 
ally attached  to  the  receptacle,  not  keeled,  their  margins  acute  or  winged.  [Greek,  moun- 
tain nut.] 

About  9  species,  natives  of  western  North  .\merica  and  Mexico. 

Inflorescence  racemose  paniculate:  nutlets  smooth.  I.  O.  stiffi  iilicosa. 
Indorescence  thyrsoid  or  thyrsoid  Klonicrate;  nutlets  rough. 

Corolla-tube  not  lonKerthan  the  calyx,  little  longer  than  the  lobes. 

Densely  roUBli-hairy,  f)'-i8'  liiKh-  2-  O-  plumetala. 

Silvery  appressed-puhesceiit,  ,V^)'  hiK''.  ,i.  (>.  seriiea. 

Corolla-tube  longer  than  the  calyx,  2  or  3  times  as  long  as  the  lobes.  4.  ( '.  fiih'Oiaiirsceiis. 


58 


BORAGINACEAE. 


[Voi<.  III. 


1.  Oreocarya  suffruticdsa  (Torn)  Greene.    Shrubby  Oreocarya.  (Fig.  3029.) 


V.  2:  22,i 


2<H. 

"10: 


2.   Oreocarya  glomerata  (Pursli) 
Greene.    Clustered  Oreocarya. 
(Fig. 3030.) 

Cyiioglossum  glomeraliini  Pursli,  I'l.  Am.  Sept. 

720.      181.). 
El  iliicliiiim   qlmncralum   DC.    Prodr.    lO:   i\\. 

18.(6. 
K'l  viiil-kia  j^lnmera/a  .\.  Gniy,  Proc.  .\iu.  .\c.ul. 

20: 279.     iss/j. 
O.  gliDHCiala  Cufiif,  Pittimi.i,  i;  58.     18S7. 

rercnnial  or  biennial,  den.sely  hispid;  stem 
erect,  stout,  .simple  or  branched,  6'-iS'  high. 
Leaves  spatulate  or  the  upper  linear,  obtuse, 
I'-iYz'  long,  the  basal  comuiouly  tufted;  in- 
florescence of  thyrsoid  clusters,  the  short  dense 
lateral  spike-like  clusters  mostly  longer  than 
the  subtending  bracts;  calyx  densely  bristly; 
corolla  a'^-.s"  broad;  fruit  pyramidal,  the  nut- 
lets triangular-ovate,  acute,  acutely  margined, 
papillose  on  the  back. 

In  dry  soil,  Matiitciba  to  the  Northwest  Terri- 
tory, south  to  Nebraska,  New  Me.vico  and  I'tah. 
May-Sept. 


J\f}'os(}/is  suff'ni/icdsa  Torr.  .\nn.  I.yc.  N. 

1827. 
K)  ih  ichiiim   /aniesii  Torr.  in  Marey's  Kep. 

■8.S.V 
Jviynitzkia  fainesii  \.  Ciray,  Proc.  .Vni.  .Vcad. 

27S.     1885. 
Orei'iaiya  siiffiulici'sa  tirienc,  Piltonia,  l;  57.    18K7. 

Perennial,  rather  stout,  branched  from  the 
base  and  sometimes  also  above,  strigose-pubcs- 
cent  or  somewhat  hirsute,  5'-i2'  high.  I'pper 
leaves  linear,  Ji'-i'  long,  the  lower  oblanceo- 
late,  somewhat  longer,  obtuse  or  acute;  racemes 
slender,  panicled ;  pedicels  about  i"  long; 
calyx  canescent  and  somewhat  hispid,  the  seg- 
ments slightly  spreading,  or  erect  in  fruit; 
bractlets  longer  than  the  fruiting  calyx;  corolla 
i/'i"-3"  broad;  its  tube  about  equalling  the 
calyx;  nutlets  smooth,  nearly  1"  long,  shining, 
closely  fitting  together,  triangular,  acute-mar- 
gined, nearly  as  wide  as  high. 

In  dry  soil,  western  Nebr.-iska  and  Wyoming  to 
Te.xas  and  .\ri/.ona.     May-.\uif. 


3.  Oreocarya  sericea  (A.  Gray)  Greene. 
Low  Oreocarya.     (F"ig.  3031.) 

Kriliichium  fflonieraliim  var.  luninle  A.  (Iray, 
Proc.  .\m.  .\ead.  I0:6i.      1S7).   Not  I'.  hiiinilpMC 

A'l  yiii/:Aia  seiicca  A.  Cray,  Proc.  .\m.  Acad.  20: 
279.      lSS,5. 

Oiiocarya  sericea  Greene,  Pittonia,  i:  .sS.     i."^S7. 

Perennial,  low,  tufted  from  the  woody  root; 
stems  usually  simple,  3'-6'  high,  silvery  ap- 
pressed-pubescent,  or  hirsute  above.  Leaves 
linear-spatulate,  yi'-i'  long,  \"-\yi"  wide,  ob- 
tuse or  acutish,  imbricated  on  the  sliort  sterile 
shoots  and  at  the  bases  of  the  flowering  stems; 
inflorescence  thyrsoid  or  glomerate,  usually 
short;  calyx  densely  hispid;  corolia  2"-3" 
broad,  its  tube  not  longer  than  the  calyx;  style 
short;  nutlets  acutely  margined,  acute,  papillose 
on  the  back. 

In  dry  soil.  Northwest  Territory  to  Nebraska  and 
flail,     May-Sept. 


BORAGE   FAMILY. 


59 


4.   Oreocarya  fulvocanescens  (A.  Gray) 
Greene.    Tawny  Oreocarya.    (Fig.  3032.) 

J'.i  ill  i, Ilium  fulvocanescens  A.  Gray,  Proc.  Am.  Acad. 

10:  ()|.       1M74. 
I'.iilricliiuvi   i;l(imeialum  var.  (?)  fulvocanescens  S. 

Wats.  Hot.  KiiiK's  ICxp.  2|,i.   fil.  .;,:  f  y.      iH-i. 
(heocii)  III  fnlrociiniscensVihunv,  I'lttniiia.  1:50.  1887. 

rcreiinial,  tufted,  similar  to  the  preceding  species 
but  ileiisely  strigo.se  or  hirsute.  Leaves  sputulate, 
or  oManceohitc,  ohtusc,  the  lower  and  basal  ones 
I'-i'A'  long;  inflorescence  of  thyrsoid  clusters; 
calyx  densely  setose  with  yellowish  hairs;  corolla 
about  2"  broad,  its  tube  longer  than  the  calyx,  2  or 
3  times  the  length  of  the  lobes;  style  filiform;  nut- 
lets acutely  margined,  tul)erculate  on  the  back. 

In  dry  soil,  westtrn  Nebraska  (accordiuK  to  Wtb- 
bcr),  Wyoming  to  Nevada  and  New  Mexico.    May-.\u({. 


7.    PNEUMARIA  Hill,  Veg.  Syst.  7:  40.   />/.  jy.       1764. 

A  perennial  fleshy  glabrous  glaucous  diffusely  branched  herb,  with  alternate  entire 
leaves,  aiul  small  blue  pinkish  or  white  flowers  in  loose  terminal  leafy-bracted  racemes. 
Calyx-lobes  triangular  -vatc  or  lanceolate,  somewhat  enlarging  in  fruit.  Corolla  tubular- 
campanulate,  crested  in  e  throat,  5-lobed,  the  lobes  imbricated  in  the  bud,  slightly  spread- 
ing, rilanients  scarcely  xscrtcd.  Ovary  4divided;  style  slender.  Nutlets  erect,  fleshy, 
attached  juist  above  their  bases  to  the  somewhat  elevated  receptacle,  smooth,  shining, 
acutish-niargiued,  becoming  utricle-like  when  mature. 

.V    nioi'.otypii'   tjcnus   of  seabe;iclies  of  tlie   nortli 
temperate  zone. 

X.   Pneumaria  maritima  (Ty.)  Hill.     vSea 

Linigwort.     Sea  Buglo.s.s.     Oyster 

Plant.      (Fig.  3033.) 

Puhnonaiia  mari/inia  I..  Sp   I'l.  1,^6.      175.?. 
I'neuinaria  mariliina  Hill,  Veg.  Syst.  .(o.  pi- 37-  f.  ^ 

176.). 
Mertensta  inarilinta  S.  F.  dray,  Nat.  .\rr.  Brit.  PI.  -^s^. 

1821. 

Pale  green,  the  branches  spreading  or  ascending, 
3'-i5'  long.  Leaves  thick, ovate, obovate,  or  oblong, 
I '-4'  long,  acute  or  obtuse  at  the  apex,  narrowed  at 
the  base,  the  lower  and  basal  ones  contracted  into 
margined  petioles,  the  uppermost  smaller;  flow- 
ers blue  or  nearly  white,  about  3"  long,  all  pedi- 
celled;  pedicels  very  slender,  5"-iS"  long;  calyx 
shorter  than  the  corolla-tube;  corolla  with  a  crest 
in  the  throat  opposite  each  lobe;  nutlets  about  as 
long  as  the  calyx-lobes  when  mature. 
■^Oii  seii-beaches,  Long  Island  (?),  Massachusetts  to 
Newfoundland  and  Greenland,  Oregon  to  .\Iaska. 
Also  on  the  co.ists  of  ICurope  and  .Vsia.     May-.Sei)t. 

8.  MERTENSIA  Roth,  Catal.  Bot.  i:  34.  1797. 
Perennial  glabrous  or  pubescent  herbs,  with  alternate  sometimes  punctate  leaves,  and 
rather  large  blue  purple  or  white  flowers,  in  panicles,  cymes,  or  racemes.  Calyx-lobes  lan- 
ceolate or  linear,  little  enlarged  in  fruit.  Corolla  tubular-funnelform  or  trumpet-shaped, 
crested  or  unappendagcd  in  the  throat,  its  lobes  obtuse,  imbricated,  little  spreading.  Stamens 
inserted  on  the  tube  of  the  corolla,  included,  or  scarcely  cxsertcd;  filaments  flattened,  or  fili- 
form; anthers  oblong  or  linear,  obtuse.  Ovary  4(livided;  style  filiform.  Nutlets  erect, 
coriaceous,  wrinkled  when  mature,  attached  above  their  bases  to  the  convex  or  nearly  Bat  re- 
ceptacle.    [In  honor  of  Prof.  C.  F.  Mcrtcns,  a  German  botanist.] 

.\bout  14  species,  natives  of  the  northern  hemisphere,     liesides  the  following,  .•?  others  occur 
in  the  western  part  of  North  .\merica.    The  species  are  called  Smooth  Lungwort. 
Corolla  trumpet-shaped,  not  crested  in  the  throat,  the  limb  barely  .'Jlobcd.  i.  ^^.  Virginica. 

Corolla  funnelform-campanulate,  crested  in  the  throat,  the  limb  manifestly  5-lobcd. 

Stem-leaves  ovate  or  ovate-lanceolate,  acuminate.  2.  AT.  paniculata. 

Stem-leaves  oblong  or  lanceolate,  obtuse  or  acute.  3.  M.  lanceolata. 


nORAGINACRAE. 


[Vol,.  III. 


I.  Mertensia  Virginica  (L,.)  DC.    Vir- 
ginia Cowslip.     Tree  Lungwort. 
Blue-bells.     (Fig.  3034.) 

J'uhiionai  ia  Vhginica  L.  Sj).  I'l.  i,Vi-      175,1. 
Merleinia  I'iixhiica  DC.  I'rodr.  lo:  SS.      ii<.\(>. 

Glabrous;  stem  erect,  or  ascending,  simple  or 
sometimes  branched,  i°-2"  high,  rather  stout. 
Leaves  oblong,  oval,  or  obovatc,  pinnatcly 
veined,  obtuse  at  the  apex,  2'-$'  long,  the  up- 
permost sessile,  the  lower  narrowed  into  mar- 
gined petioles;  racemes  short,  corymb-like;  ped- 
icels 2"-6"  long;  flowers  blue-purple,  very 
showy,  about  I'long;  calyx-lobes  oblong-lanceo- 
late, obtusish,  1"  long  or  less;  corolla  trumpet- 
shaped  or  nearly  salvcrform,  its  tube  cylindric, 
a  little  expanded  above,  longer  than  the  5-lobcd 
plaited  limb,  pubescent  at  the  base  within,  not 
crested  in  the  throat;  clisk  with  two  opposite  lin- 
ear lobes;  filaments  tiliform,  much  longer  than 
the  anthers;  nutlets  not  shining,  rounded. 

In  low  niiadows  and  along  stnanis,  souHiftn  On- 
tario to  New  Jersey  and  South  Carolina,  Mitniesota,  Nebraska  and  Kansas.     Mardi-May. 

2.    Mertensia  panicul^ta  (Ait.)  Don.     Tall  Lungwort.     (Fig.  3035.) 

p.  paniculala  \'\i.  Hort.  Kt-w.  i:  iSi.      17S9, 
Mertensia  pamculala  Don,  Gen.  Sysl.  4:  ,518.     i8,v*<. 

Roughish-pubescent,  dark  green;  stem  erect, 
branched  above,  iM°-3°  high,  the  branches 
slender.  Leaves  thin,  pinnatcly  veined,  those 
of  the  stem  ovate  or  ovate-lanceolate,  acumi- 
nate at  the  apex,  narrowed  at  the  base,  2'-$' 
long,  the  lower  narrowed  into  sleniler  petioles; 
basal  leaves  ovate,  rounded  or  cordate  at  the 
base;  racemes  several-flowered,  panicled;  pedi- 
cels filiform,  4'''-lo"  long;  flowers  purple-blue, 
g//_y//  long;  calyx-lobes  lanceolate,  acute;  cor- 
olla tubular-campauulate,  crested  in  the  throat, 
the  tube  about  twice  as  long  as  the  calyx  and 
exceeding  thes-lobed  limb;  fllaments  flattened, 
slightly  longer  than  the  anthers;  style  filiform, 
usually  somewhat  exserted;  nutlets  rounded. 

In  woods  or  thickets,  Hudson  Bay  to  Alaska, 
south  to  Michigan,  Nebraska,  and  in  the  Kocky 
Mountains  to  Colorado  and  Utah.    ]uly-AuK. 

3.    Mertensia  lanceolata  (Pursh)  DC. 
Lance-leaved  Lungwort.   (Fig.  3036.) 

/'.  lanceolala  Pursh,  Kl.  .\in.  Sept.  729.     i,'^i4. 
Merlonia  lanceolala  HC.  Prodr.  lo:  88.      1846. 

Glabrous  or  somewhat  hirsute;  stem  simple  or 
branched,  slender,  6'-l8'  high.  Leaves  papil- 
lose, indistinctly  veined,  light  green,  the  upper 
lanceolate,  acute,  sessile  or  slightly  clasping  at 
the  base,  the  lower  oblong  or  oblanceolate, 
obtuse,  3'-4'  long,  narrowed  into  margined  peti- 
oles; r.icemes  few- flowered,  usually  panicled; 
flowers  blue,  ^"-b"  long;  pedicels  3"-7"  long; 
calyx-lobes  lanceolate,  obtuse,  or  acutish;  cor- 
olla tubular-campanulate,  the  tube  longer  than 
the  calyx  and  longer  than  the  5-lobed  limb,  hairy 
at  the  base  within,  the  throat  crested;  filaments 
a  little  longer  than  the  anthers;  style  filiform, 
scarcely  exserted. 

In  thickets,  western  Nebraska  to  Manitoba, 
Wyoming  and  New  Mexico,    June-Aug. 


Vol.  III.] 


BORAGE   I'AMILY. 


6l 


DC. 

■) 


\0^ 


g.   ASPERUGO  L.  Sp.  PI.  138.     1753. 

An  annual  rouj;h-liispi(l  procuml)cnt  herb,  with  alternate  entire  leaves,  of  the  upper- 
most sometimes  opposite,  and  small  blue  or  nearly  white  flowers,  short-pe(licelle<l  and  1-3 
together  in  the  upper  axils.  Calyx  campanulatc,  unequally  5-cleft,  much  enlarged  and 
folded  together  in  fruit,  the  lobes  incised-dentate.  Corolla  tubular-canipanulate,  5-lobcd, 
the  lobes  imbricated.  Stamens  5,  included,  inserted  on  the  corolla-tube;  filaments  very 
short.  Ovary  4-dividcd;  style  short;  stigma  capitate.  Nutlets  4,  ovoid,  erect,  granular-tnber- 
culate,  keelc.l,  laterally  attached  above  the  middle 
to  the  elongatcil-contc  receptacle.  [Latin,  rough, 
referring  to  the  leaves.] 

A  nioiiotypic  Kitius  of  Ivunipc  and  Asia. 

1.  Asperugo  procumbens  L,.     German 
Madwort.    Catchweed.    (Fig.  3037.) 

Aifierui^o  fudcuuihens  h.  Sp.  PI.  138.      175.V 

Stems  slender,  branched,  diffusely  procumbent, 
6'-i.S'  long,  very  rough  with  stiff  bristly  hairs. 
Leaves  oblong,  lanceolate,  or  the  lower  spatulate, 
obtuse  or  acutish  at  the  apex,  >^'-i>i'  long,  the 
lower  narrowed  into  margined  petioles;  flowers 
very  short-pe<licelled,  about  i"  broad,  blue,  the 
pedicels  recurved  in  fruit;  fruiting  calyx  dry  and 
membranous,  strongly  veined,  J["-f>"  broad;  nut- 
lets obliquely  ovoid. 

Ill  wasli-  j)lat-es  and  ballast,  soutlKTti  N'ew  York, 
Nuw  Jtrsrv.  Dc'laware  and  rtiiiisylvania.  Also  in  Mill- 
ni'siiiii.  A(lvintivi-  from  Iviiropc.  CalUd  a'sn  .Small 
Wild  HukIoss  and  liiiat  CoosL-Krass.     May-A  iff. 

10.    MYOSOTIS  L.  Sp.  PI,  131.      1753. 

Low  annual  biennial  or  perennial,  more  or  less  pubescent,  branching,  diffuse  or  erect 
herbs,  with  alternate  entire  leaves,  and  small  blue  pink  or  white  flowers  in  many-flowered 
elongated  bractless  more  or  less  i -sided  racemes,  or  these  sometimes  leafy  at  the  base. 
Calyx  ,s-cleft,  the  lobes  narrow,  spreading  or  erect  in  fruit.  Corolla  salverform,  the  limb 
5-lobcd,  the  lobes  convolute  in  the  bud,  rounded,  the  throat  crested.  Stamens  5,  included, 
inserted  on  the  corolla-tube;  filaments  fdiforni;  anthers  obtuse.  Ovary  4-divided,  style  fili- 
form. Nutlets  erect,  glabrous  or  pilose,  attached  by  their  bases  to  the  receptacle,  the  scar  of 
attachment  small,  flat.     [Greek,  mouse-ear.] 

About  ,v=5  species  of  wide  Keopiapliic  distribution.     licsidcs  tlie  following,  i  or  2  others  occur  in 
the  southern  and  western  i)arts  of  North  .\iiierica.     Called  I'orKet  nie-iiot  and  Scorpion-Krass. 
Hairs  of  the  calyx  all  straijflit;  perennial  -waiiin  or  brook  plants. 

Calyx  lobes  shorter  than  llie  tube;  eoroUa  .^  '-)"  broad. 

C.ilyx  lobes  as  Iouk  as  the  tube;  corolla  2"-,^"  broad. 
Hairs  of  the  calyx,  or  some  of  tlieni,  with  hooked  tips;  annuals  or  biennials. 

Fruiting  pedicels  longer  than  the  calyx. 

i'ruitiiiK  pedicels  njt  louKcr  than  the  calyx. 

Calyx  lobes  equal;  corolla  yellowish,  changing  to  blue.  4.  AT.  -ersicolor. 

Calyx  lobes  une(iual;  corolla  white.  5.  ,1/.  Virginica. 

^n  I.  Myosotispalustris  (ly.)  Lam.    Forget-me- 

^^i^^^^'^^'^^")  "°*"   ^lou^e-ear  Scorpion-grass.  (Fig.  3038). 

"'^^^^      -  ^  ,^  ^fyosolissci>r(>ioidiS\",\r.  paluslrisl,  Sp.  PI.  1,51.    175,^. 

Jft'oso/is  paliislris  I,am.  Fl.  I'r.  2:  283.      1778. 

Appressed-pubescent,  perennial,  with  slender 
rootstocks  or  stolons;  stems  slender,  decumbent, 
rooting  at  the  lower  nodes,  6'-i8''  long.  Leaves 
oblong,  oblanceolate  or  oblong-lanceolate,  obtuse, 
narrowed  at  the  base,  i'~y  long,  i"-(i"  wide, 
those  of  the  stem  sessile  or  very  nearly  so,  or  the 
lower  petioled;  racemes  loosely  luany-flowered; 
pedicels  longer  than  the  calyx;  calyx  with  straight 
apprcssed  hairs,  it  lobes  equal,  triangular-ovate, 
acute,  shorter  than  the  tube,  spreading  in  fruit; 
corolla  blue  with  a  yellow  eye,  the  limb  flat,  },"-\" 
broad ;  nutlets  angled  and  keeled  on  the  inner  side. 

In  brooks  and  marshes.  Nova  Scotia  to  southern 
New  York  and  Pennsylvania.  Escaped  frori  cultiva- 
tion. Native  of  Kurope  and  Asia.  Called  also  Marsh 
Scorpion-grass,  Snake-grass  and  Love-rae.    May-July. 


1.  M.  pal  II  at  lis. 

2.  Jf.  laxa. 

3.  AT.  a>:ensis. 


BORAGINACKAE. 


2.    Myosotis  laxa  Lehm 
Forget-me-not.     (Fig. 


[Vol..  II [. 

Smaller 
3039- ) 


Afyosc/i.':  la.ia  I.cliin.  A-iprrif.  8.v      i8is. 
A/foso/is  palusliis  var.  lata  .\.  Orav,  Man.  VA.  5, 
■,V)5-      186;. 

rcrcnnial,  nppressecl-pubcsceiit,  similar  to  the 
preceding;  species;  stems  decumbent,  sprcadiii):;, 
rooliiig  at  the  nodes,  b'-io'  long.  Leaves  ob- 
long, obloMg-lanceolate  or  spatulate,  obtuse; 
racemes  very  loosely  many-flowered;  pedicels 
spreading,  much  longer  than  the  fruiting  calyx; 
hairs  of  the  calyx  straiglit,  appressed,  its  lobes 
ecjual,  ovate-lanceolate,  acutish,  sjireadiiig  in 
fruit,  (|uite  as  long  as  the  tube;  corolla  blue  with 
a  yellow  eye,  its  limb  concave,  about  2"  broad; 
nutlets  conve.t  on  both  Ihc  inner  and  outer  sides. 

Ill  wit  muddy  p^ui"*.  NewrnuuJlaiul  to  Oiitarin, 
south  t(i  Virjtiiiia  and  'iVniiCisct .  .\lso  in  liiirdix-. 
.\sctiKls  to  vS'ii)  fl-  in  Virginia.     May  July. 

.;i ....  ,> 

3.  Myosotis   arvensis  (L. )  Lam.     Field 
Scorpion-grass,  or  Mouse-ear.     (Fig.  3040.  j 

Afyaso/is  Sioi  pioit/r<  var.  nityiisit  J,.  Sp.  I'l   i  ;i.    175,!. 
Mjosii/is  ui-L'insis  I.atn.  I'l.  Fr.  2:  285.      1778. 

.Vnnual    or   biennial,   hirsute-pubescent;    stem 

erect,   branched,   6'-i3'  high,     liasal  and  lower 

leaves   oblanceolate,  obtuse,   pctioled   or  sessile; 

stem   leaves  mostly  oblong  or  oblonglanceolale, 

obtuse  or  acutish   at   the  apex,  narrowed   to  the 

sessile  base,  '/<'-\}i'  long,  2"-4"  wide;  racemes 

loosely  flowered;  fruiting  pedicels  longer  than  the 

calyx;  hairs  of  the  calyx,  or  some  of  them,  with 

mimitely  hooked  tips,  the  lobes  eciual, erect, or  con- 

nivent  in  fruit,  triangular-lanceolate,  acute,  about 

as  long  as   the   tube;   corolla  blue  or  white,  the 

limb  concave,  i"-l,'^"  broad;  nutlets  convex  on 

the  outer  side,  somewhat  keeled  on  the  inner. 

In  fields,  N'lW  Brunswick  to  western  Ontario  and 
Minnesota,  south  to  Wrsl  Virjriiiia.  I'erliaps  not 
indigenous.     Also  in  Kuropi-.     Jiiik-.\uk. 

4.  Myosotis  versicolor  (Pers.)  Reichenb.     Yellow  and  Bltie  Scorpion-grass. 

(Fig.  3041.) 

.1/.  (?r:r«,t/.t  var,  P)  rr;.t;V'iA)r  I'lrs.  ,Syii.  i:  156.  iSo.S- 
Mjosniis  rrrsiiii/or  Keiclu  lib,  I'l,  IJxc.  I:  541.       iS^o. 
.Smith,  Knul.  Hot.    /.  ./\'/ 

Annual,  hirsute-pubescent,  often  much  branch- 
ed from  the  base,  and  sometimes  also  above; 
stems  slender,  erect  or  ascending,  4'- 12'  high. 
Leaves  oblong,  obtuse  or  obtusish,  sessile,  or 
the  lower  spatulate  and  narrowed  into  mar- 
gined petioles;  racemes  slender,  sometimes 
bracted  at  the  base;  pedicels  shorter  than  the 
fruiting  calyx,  erect;  calyx  equally  5-cleft,  the 
lobes  equal,  linear-lanceolate,  erect  or  connivent 
in  fruit,  longer  than  or  equalling  the  tube,  tlic 
hairs  or  some  of  them  with  minutely  hooked 
tips;  corolla  pale  yellow  changing  to  violet  or 
blue,  its  limb  about  1"  broad;  nutlets  convex  on 
the  outer,  slightly  keeled  ou  the  inner  side. 


In  fields  and  alon^^  roadsides,  southern  New  York 
to  Delaware.    Naturalized  from  Kurope.    May-July. 


Vol..  III.] 


BORAGE   FAMILY. 


5.  Myosotis  Virginica  ( h. )  B.S.  P.   Spring 
or  Ivarly  Scorpion-grass.     (Hig.  3042.) 

/.ycopsis  l'irf,'i>iitii  t..  Sp.  I'l.  i,vi  I7,s,i. 
Mynmlh  ifiini  Nutt.  ficii.  2;  .■Vdil.  iH|S. 
A/ji>su/is  riij;i>iiiu  II.  S.  V.  rrcl.  Cat.  N.  Y.  ,^7.     iSSS 

Anminl  or  hieiinial,  liirsule-pubesceiit  or  hispid, 
erect,  hraticbcii,  .^'-15'  liigli,  tlie  bninclics  erect. 
Leaves  oblong  or  liiieur-ohloii};,  sessile,  3" -12" 
loiij;,  obtuse,  or  the  lower  spatulate  and  narrowed 
into  short  petioles;  racemes  nsually  l)racted  at  the 
base,  strict;  j)ciliccls  asccndinj.;  or  erect,  or  slightly 
spreading  at  tlie  apex,  shorter  than  the  fruiting 
calyx;  calyx  somewhat  2-lippcd,  iinetiually  .s-i'lcft, 
the  lobes  lanceolate,  acute,  lonj;cr  than  tlie  tube, 
connivent  in  fruit,  very  hispid,  the  hairs,  or  most 
of  them,  with  minutely  liooked  lijis;  corolla  white, 
the  limb  ijz"  broad  or  less;  nutlets  convex  on  the 
back,  sli),'litly  keeled  and  maigincd  on  the  inner 
side. 

On  ihy  hills  and  banks,  Maine  and  southern  ( )ntarii 
to  Minncsiita,  south  to  Florida  and  Te.ias.     .Vpril-June 

II.  LITHOSPERMUM  L.  Sp.  PI.  132.  1753. 
Annual  or  perennial,  erect  branchin)^  or  rarely  simple,  jnibcscent  hirsute  or  hispid  herbs, 
with  alternate  entire  leaves,  and  small  or  lar^e,  white  yellow  or  blue  flowers  in  leafy-bractcd 
spikes  or  racemes.  Calyx  5-partc<l  or  5-cleft,  the  scj;iiiciits  or  lobes  narrow.  Corolla  fun- 
nclform  or  salverform,  5-lobe(l,  naked,  pubescent  or  crested  in  the  throat,  the  lobes  entire  or 
erose-denticnlate,  the  tube  sometimes  pubescent  at  the  liase  within.  Stamens  5,  included, 
inserted  on  the  throat  of  the  corolla;  filaments  short.  Ovary  4-divided;  style  slender,  or  fili- 
form; stigma  cai)itate,  or  2-lobed.  Nutlets  4,  or  fewer,  erect,  white,  smooth  and  shining,  or 
brown  and  wrinkled,  attached  by  their  bases  to  the  nearly  flat  recei>tacle,  the  scar  of  attach- 
ment not  concave.     [Greek,  slonc-seed,  from  the  hard  nutlets.] 

About  |o  spec  its,  natives  iif  tile  iiDithi  rn  lRinis]ilu  n  ,  a  I'l  w  in  Snutli  .Xnicrica  and  .\frica.     He- 

sidi  sthi  InlliiwiiiK:.  sonic  7  (illii  rsmcur  in  thi  siiiitlicrn  anil  snutliwestirii  jjartsnf  tin  t'nitod  .States. 

CmoUa  wliitc  nr  yi  llowisli.  its  tube  sluittcr  tliaii  or  r(|UalliiiK  llu  calyx;  Ilowcrs  distant. 

NiitUts  brown,  wriiikU-d  ami  pitted;  aniuial  or  biiiiiiial. 

NutUls  wliitr.  sniootli  and  shining;  pi n  iinials. 

I.iavi  s  lanceolate,  aciili  ;  nutlrt>i  ovoid. 

Leaves  ov.itc,  aciiniinati-;  nutlets  globose  iivoid. 

Corolla  ilull  yellow,  its  tub;  longer  than  tlie  caly.\;  leavis  lanceulati-;  flowers  dense. 

Corolla  brigiit  y(  How.  its  tube  nuicli  longer  tli.ui  the  calyx;  (lowers  dense. 

Corolla-lobes  (.mire;  flowers  all  complete. 

Hispid  puheseeiit;  corolhi  tube  bearded  at  tlu  base  within. 
Hirsute,  somewhat  cam  scent;  corolla  tube  not  hearded  at  the  base  within,  (t. 
Corolla-lobes  erose-deuticul.ite;  later  Ilowcrs  cleistoBanious 

I.  Lithospermum  arvense  L.     Bastard 
Alkanet.  Corn  Groinwell.   (Fig.  3043.) 

I.ilhi>.if>e)  mum  a rzense  I,.  .Sp.  I'l.  152.      1753. 

Annual  or  biennial,  appres.sed-pubescent;  stem 
erect,  usually  branched,  6'-2o'  high.  Leaves 
bri^jht  green,  lanceolate,  linear  or  linear-oblong, 
sessile  or  the  lowest  short-petioled,  mostly  ap- 
presscd,  obtuse  or  acutish  at  the  apex,  narrowed 
at  the  base,  indistinctly  veined,  li'-ij^'  long, 
'i"~i"  wide,  the  uppermost  smaller;  flowers 
sessile  or  very  ttearly  so  in  the  spikes,  becom- 
ing distant,  white,  about  3"  long;  calyx-seg- 
ments linear-lanceolate,  longer  than  or  equal- 
ling the  corolla-tube;  corolla  funnclform,  puber- 
ulcut  in  the  throat;  nutlets  brown,  wrinkled 
and  pitted,  glabrous,  about  i"  high,  convex  on 
the  back,  keeled  on  the  inner  side,  one-third  to 
one-half  the  length  of  the  calyx-segments 

In  waste  places  and  fields,  Quebec  to  Ontario  and 
Michigan,  south  to  Georgia  and  Kansas.  Natural- 
ized from  Europe.  Native  also  of  Asia.  Called 
also  Pearl-plant  and  Salfern-stoneseed.     May-Aug. 


I.  /..  ill  I'eiise. 


I..  ojHihiale. 
/,.  lali/nlimn. 
/..  pHositni. 


L.  Oi'ielini. 
A.  canrsiiiis, 
I..  iiHi;ii.\/i/o/iiim. 


64  nORAGINACKAH.  [Vol.  III. 

a.   Lithospermum  officinale  L.     Groimvcll.     (  Imj?.  .^044. ) 


/.ilhospennum  i>fti(hiiile  I,.  Sp.  I'l.  t,(.'.      \~Si. 

reri'iinial,  finely  piit)criilent;  stem  usiinlly 
iinicli  brniiched,  2°-4°  liiK'i.  leafy.  Leaves  lan- 
ceolate or  oliloiiK-lanceolatc,  acute  at  the  apex, 
narrowed  at  tlie  hase,  few-veined,  sessile,  1)2'- 
4'  loiiKi  .■^"-li"  wi<lc,  the  upper  surface  lough; 
(lowers  yellowish-white,  ahout  2"  lou).;,  sessile; 
calyx-sej^nients  linear-laiiceolate,  about  ccpial- 
linn  the  corolla  tube;  corolla  funnelforin,  crested 
in  the  throat;  style  about  as  louj;  as  the  stamens; 
nutlets,  when  mature,  white,  smooth,  shining, 
about  i,'i''  higli,  ovoid,  obtuse,  more  than  one- 
half  as  long  as  the  calyx-segments,  seldom  all 
ripening. 

In  fiilils  and  waste  places,  Ontario  tn  southern 
New  Yuik,  west  to  Mitimsota.  Plant  grayish.  Nat 
urabic<l  Irciiii  Ivuropc.  Native  also  of  Asia.  CalUd 
alsn  Cravtnilc,  I.itllcwale  and  IVarlplant.  Sl.iy- 
AUK. 


3.  Lithospermum  latifdlium  Michx. 
American  Groinwc'll.     (  Hi^.  3045.  j 

J.illiosftriniuin  lali/olium  Jliohx.  I'"l.  lior.  .\ni.  l: 

I'ercnnial,  rough-pubernlent;  stem  branched, 
2°-3°  high,  the  I'ranches  long  and  slender. 
Leaves  ovate  or  ovate-lanceolate,  acuminate  nt 
tlie  apex,  pinnately  veined,  2'-,s'  long,  l'-2' 
wide,  or  the  uppermost  smaller;  llowers  yellow- 
ish white  or  pale  yellow,  2"~3"  long,  few,  soli- 
tary, distant;  calyx-segments  linear-lanceolate, 
about  as  long  as  tlie  corolla;  corolla  funnelforin, 
crested  in  the  throat;  style  shorter  than  the 
stamens;  nutlets  white,  shining,  globose-ovoid, 
about  2"  long,  more  than  one-half  as  long  as 
the  calyx-segments. 

In  dry  thickets  and  fields,  Oiitarii)  and  western 
New  York  to  .Minnesota,  south  to  Virginia  and 
Arkansas.     May. 


Lithospermum 

Woolly  Groniwell. 


pilosum    Xutt. 

(Kig.  3046.) 


IJlhoapermnm  piUnuni  Niitt.  Juurn.  Phil.  .\cad.  7: 

43-       i^Vt- 
I.tlhospti  >num  Toiicyi  Nutt.  loc.  cit.  44.      1834. 

rereunial  from  thick  roots,  hirsute,  rather  pale 
green;  stems  usually  stout  and  clustered,  very 
leafy,  .S'-iS'  high.  Leaves  lanceolate  or  linear- 
lanceolate,  2'-4'  lotig,  2"-5"  wide,  gradually  acu- 
minate to  the  apex,  narrowed  at  the  base,  sessile, 
indistinctly  veined;  flowers  dull  yellow,  very 
numerous  and  crowded  in  a  terminal  leafy  thyr- 
sus; calyx-segments  densely  hirsute,  shorter  than 
the  cylindric  corolla-tube;  corolla-salverform,  the 
throat  pubcrulent  below  each  lolic;  style  longer 
than  the  filaments;  nutlets  ovoid,  acute,  white, 
shining,  about  i"  long. 

Western  Nebraska  (according  to  Williams),  Mon- 
tana to  the  Northwest  Territory,  British  Columbia 
and  California.    May-July. 


aitt. 

.) 

Acad.  7: 


i.'<l, 


34- 
her  pale 
very 
linear- 
lly  acu- 
scssile, 
very 
Py  thyr- 
cr  than 
rtn,  the 
longer 
white, 


i),  Mon- 
ilumbia 


Vol..  Ill  J 


IIORACH   I'AMn.V. 


6$ 


5.    Lithospermum  Gmelini  (  Michx. )  A.  vS.  Hitchcock.      Hairy  or  Gtudiii's 


I'uccoon.     ( I'iv;.  3047.  ) 

inilsi  hill  Ciiiii/iiifiisis  Ciiul   SvHi.  2   I'iiil  I,  <i5.     I7i>i. 

Not  /.i//iii\/>i  I  iiiiini  (in  III  in  it  nil  III  I.iiiii.       l^'^l. 
Jliil\,liiii  (iiiiclini  .Miilix    I'l.  IIdi.  Am,  l:  I  V'.       I">",V 
J.illiii\f>i  I  tniini  liiiliiiii  l.ilim   As|nril"    V'i.      i'*i!^ 
A,  ti'iiiiiiiii  \.  S.  Ililclu-.  S|iiiiitf  I'M.  Maiili.  V'.     iHgj. 

rcremiial,  hispid  i)iil)i'>ci'iit,  or  scaliroiis;  sti-iiis 
usually  clustcrfd,  ratlier  stout,  siiupK-,  or  brauclicd 
al)ove,  I  "-2'  Iiik''.  very  loafy.  Leaves  laiu'folnte, 
sessile,  obtuse  or  aeule  at  tlie  apex,  narrowed  at 
the  base,  2'-j'  loiijj,  the  lowest  cuniiiioiily  reduced 


to  apjircssed  scales,  the  uppermost  oljlotif;;  tlowcrs       ,_      Ss:V\' 
6"-.S"  lotiK,  ill  ilense  short  tenniiial  leafy  racemes,    —    "^  y\  »! 


dimorphous:  pedicels  l"-3"  loiif;;  calyx-seamen 
linear-lanceolate,  shorter  than  the  tube  of  the 
orange-yellow  salverform  corolla;  corolla-lobes  en- 
lire,  rounded,  the  throat  crested,  the  tube  bearded 
at  the  base  within  liy  10  hirsute  teeth;  nutlets 
white,  shinitiK,  about  2"  hij;h,  ovoid,  very  much 
sliorter  than  the  calyx-segments. 

In  dry  woods,  western  New  \urk  Id  I'lorida,  Miinie- 
sota,  Colorado  and  New  Mexico.     April  Jiuie. 


l^^/- 


Lithospermum  canescens  (Michx 


Hoary  Piiccooii.    ( Kip.  3048. ) 

ii'iii  Micli.\.  l'"l.  Ilor.  .\ni.  l:  l.^o.   />/. 


)  Lehin. 

Jliil^iliiii  caiic\ 

It.      180V 
l.ilhiiipei  iiiMiii  canescrns  l<eliin.  Asperif.  305.     1818. 

Perennial,  hirsute,  somewhat  canescent,  at 
least  when  young;  stems  solitary  or  clustc 
simple  or  often  branched,  6'-iS'  high.  Leaves 
oblong,  linear-oblong,  or  linear,  obtuse  or  acu- 
tish  at  the  apex,  sessile  by  a  narrowed  base, 
'-•'-' /j'  long,  2"-5"  wide,  the  lowest  often  re- 
duced to  apprcssed  scales;  flowers  about  6" 
long,  sessile,  numerous  in  dense  short  leafy 
racemes,  dimorphous;  calyx-segments  linear- 
lanceolate,  shorter  than  the  tube  of  the  orange- 
yellow  salverform  corolla;  corolla  crested  in  the 
throat,  its  lobes  rounded,  entire,  itstid)e  glandu- 
lar Init  not  bearded  at  the  base  within;  nutlets 
white,  smooth,  shining,  acutish,  much  shorter 
than  the  calyx-segments. 

Ill  dry  Soil,  Ontario  to  wisttru  New  Jersey  and 
.■\laban\a.  west  to  the  Northwest  Territory,  Kansas 
and  .\rizona.     April-June. 


7.  Lithospermum  angustifdlium  Michx. 
Narrow-leaved  Pticcoon.     (Fig.  3049.) 

/,.  aiigiisli/oliiim  Michx.  1"1.  Ilor.  \m.  i;  Ijo-       i"*o.i- 

Perennial  by  a  deep  root,  strigose-pubescent 
and  scabrous;  stem  branched,  6'-2''  high,  the 
branches  erect  or  asceiuling.  Leaves  linear,  sessile, 
acute  or  acutish,  ,'^'-2' long,  i,'i"-2^i"  w'de;  flow- 
ers of  two  kinds,  in  terminal  leafy  raceun-^;  corolla 
of  the  earlier  ones  salverform,  about  l'  long,  bright 
yellow,  the  tube  3-5  times  as  long  as  the  linear-lan- 
ceolate calyx-segments,  the  lobes  erose-denticulate, 
the  throat  crested,  the  base  of  the  tube  not  bearded 
within;  later  flowers  (sometimes  all  of  theni)  much 
smaller,  pale  yellow,  cleistogamous,  abundantly  fer- 
tile, their  pedicels  recurved  in  fruit;  nutlets  white, 
smooth,  shining,  ovoid,  i|^'''-2"  high,  more  or  less 
pitted,  keeled  on  the  inner  side. 

In  dry  soil,  especially  on  prairies,  Manitoba  to  Illi- 
nois, Kansas  and  Texas,  west  to  British  Cuhuubia,  Utah 
and  Arizona.    April-July. 


66 


nORACINACICAl-;. 


[Vol..  III. 


12.    ONOSMODIUM   Michx.  1-1.  IJor.  Am.  i:  i.V-       1H03. 

lVrtiiiii:il  stout  liis)iiil  or  liirsiilc  liraiicliin^  lurl>s,  with  alliTii.ili-  fiiliri-  slronnly  vfiiifil 
li'iivfs,  iiiid  nillior  siinll  \  i-llouisli  or  ^ri'ciii.sli  white  iiniliMdj^ynons  llowcrs,  in  Icriniiiiil  Iriify- 
liractcd  scorpioiil  spiki'S  or  rn-i'iiics.  Cilyx  deeply  s-piirtL'd,  the  se^jiiieiits  narrow.  I'orollii 
tidiular  or  tidiular-riuinelloiiii,  ,s  lol'ed,  the  loins  ereit,  the  throat  not  .'i|ipenila^e<1,  the  sin- 
lises:  slightly  iiiflixed,  the  tnhe  with  a  (.;landidar  lo-loliecl  haml  within  at  the  Iiase.  St.iniens 
5,  inserted  on  the  tnhe  or  thmat  of  the  eoroll.i,  inclnded;  lilanients  shoit.  Ov.iry  l  paited; 
style  lilil'orin,  exserldl.  Nnllets  .(,  or  eoninionly  only  I  or  2  perteelin);,  ovoid,  sometimes 
spiirinj^ly  pitted,  shining,  sniooih,  while,  attaehcd  liy  the  hase  to  the  nearly  Hat  reecptaele, 
the  sear  of  att.iehment  sm.ill,  Hat.     |(ireek,  like  ii;/()\///,;,  or  ass-smell.  | 

Ahont  Ti  speeies,  naliv<'s  if  North  Aiiieiie.i  find  .Mc.\ieo.  Ili  sidi  s  the  I'nlluw  hiK,  -' <)llurs  mcui 
ill  the  sonlliwe.slerii  I'liilei!  Stalls. 

Leaves  acute;  stem  liirsuti-. 

Plant  >;n  en;  liaim  loiiy  and  slia^'^y;  niitlels  ovoid,  i'   "  Icmv;.  i.  ().  Ciiioliiiiiiiiiiin. 

Plant  pale;   liaiis 'ImiI  li  i  and  ^oll,  mitUts  ovoid  nlnliiive.    •"  loilK.  -'.  ' '■  iih'llr. 

Leaves  oliUlse;  stini  apple-i^-ed  hispid.  (.  ('.  I'it  y,i  iiiiliiiiiii . 


I.    Onosmodium  Carolinianum  ( 

( 1' iK- 

J.UIiosfifi  iiiiiiii  < 'ii  rot  i  Ili  •mil  III   I, am.  'I'ahl.  l^n 

eyel    i;  V.7.       |-,i|i. 
()iin\iii,i,/iiiiii  ('ill  fliiiiiiiiinii   DC.  I'iikIi.  10:70. 

l.S|(,. 

Spreading;  hirsnie  with  ron^h  hristly  hairs; 
stem  slont,  nsn.dly  mneh  hranehed,  1"  ,V' 
hi^h,  the  liraiiehes  asceiidini;.  Leaves  lan- 
ceolate, ovatcdaneeolate  or  oMonj;,  acnle  or 
aoiiininate  at  the  aiiex,  narroweil  to  the  ses- 
sile hase,  5  9-rilihcd,  2'  .\'i'  Ion;;,  Ji'  !'•' 
wide;  llowcrs  very  nnmerons  and  crowded; 
pedicels  1"  2"  lon)^  in  frnit ;  calyx  se^nienls 
linear,  ncnlc,  scnnewhat  shorter  lliaii  the 
corollatuhc;  corolla  ycUowish-wliitc,  puhcs- 
cciil  outside,  about  ,s"  loiii;,  its  lohrs  trianj;n- 
lar  lanceolate,  acute,  ahinil  one  half  as  lonj; 
ns  the  tidie;  nntlels  ohtnse,  idiont  i,'j"  lon.i;. 

In  <hv  liclil'i  (rr  lliiik<  ts,  m  on  b.niks,  Onl.irio 
anil  wcvtiin  N'lw  \iiik  lo  Minmsnt  1,  sonlli  lo 
<'.eoiv;ia  anil  Tixas.  .Asernds  lo  .i.i«i  tt.  -.i 
Virninia.     M.iy  Jnly. 


I.aiii.)  DC.      ohaKKV  l''alse  (lioiiiwcll. 


2.     Onosmodium    molle     Michx. 
vSolt-li.iiry  l-'al.sc  ( irmmvL'll. 

Oiio\iii,:,liii III  III, ill,'  .Miili.v.  I'l.  liiM.  Am.  I.  \  \\. 
I'l.i,.       I.S.J. 

OiioMiiiHliiiiii     (  ,11  III  ill  ill  II II  III     var.     iiiulle    A. 
C.t.iy,  .Syii.  I-"I.  i.  I'iiit  1,  .'.<i.       1.S7S. 

Similar  to  the  preceding;  species,  lint  nsii 
ally  lower,  i'  j"  lii^li,  canescent,  at  least 
when  voniij;,  ]):dc  J^rein,  the  pnhescelice  soft 
and  shorter,  that  of  the  leaves  appressed. 
Leaves  smaller,  ovaii  'iancr(d.ite,  / .'  j'  lon^;, 
sessile;  coiulla-Iolies  usually  less  than  one- 
half  the  length  ol  the  ..ilie;  nutlets  larger, 
^lohose  ovoid,  fnily  2"  liij;ll. 

On  piairiis.  Miinilnha  .nid  llie  NoMliwest 
'rrtriliiry  In  Illinuis,  Kansas,  T..xas  and  I'lali. 
Ally  July. 


:h\. 


least 
If  soft 

ISSCll. 

1<"'K. 

Dllf- 


llWl'Sl 

Mali. 


■MUACl'    I'AMII.V 


67 


3.    Onosinodium  Virginianum  (I,.)   1>C. 
\ii^;iiii:i  l''iilsc  Ciroiiuvcll.      (Fi^.  3')52.) 

I  illio\f>(-i  miKti  I 'hi;  hill  mini  I,    S|>.  I'l.  I,<2.       1751- 
(hii'\iiii',ltiiin  l'i>f;iiiiiiiiiif)i  DC.  I'lixl'.  10:71).       iS|(i. 

Di-iisclv  iipiJicsscd-Iiisiiiil  with  sliK'  liairs;  stem 
r.illiur  sli'iiilir,  usiiiiUy  biJiiii'licil  iiliovi-,  1"  2'." 
lii);li.  I.tii\i'Sii))l(Hi^;,  iiviil,  oroliloiij^-laiicfolalc,  <il)- 
llisc,  sissilf,  1'  i'  loll!;,  or  tlir  lowrr  iililiilui-olali-, 
ai'iilisli  anil  iiai  idwimI  iiilo  petioles;  caly  \-su).;iiieiits 
lincar-Iaiu'eolalc,  aciiiiiiiiate;  corolla  ijliiiiliic  or 
neatly  so,  yellowisli-wliile,  alionl  .\"  lon^;,  tlic  loljesi 
laneeolate,  aiMiiniinile,  tii'iirly  as  lollK  as  tlic  tnlie, 
stri).;<isc  witlioiit;  luillels  ovoiil,  ohtnve  or  oMnsisli, 
1"   I  "j"  lon^. 

Ill  iliv  lliiiliil-.  ni  1)11  liillsiilcs,  New  ICiiKlaml  to  I'ln! 
ill. I,   I'lniisylvaiiia.  Kmii-.:is  ami  Texas,      .\^e^  mis  lu   n^  n 
n.  ill  X'lmiiiia.     May  July. 

13.    SYMPHYTUM   I<.  Si>.  I'l.  i.v..       1753. 

iMeel  coarse  ronj^li  liany  ]ieieniiial  luaiieliiiiK  lieilis,  willi  thick  nim'ila).;iMons  rimls,  ,il- 
lernale  iiitiii-  leaves,  tliiise  of  the  stfiii  ninsllv  claspinj;,  the  li|);ieniiost  tenilitl^.;  to  la- op- 
JHisite,  the  lower  Ioii);|ieliohc|.  Mouers  yellow,  hliie,  or  purple,  in  temiitial  simple  or 
I'orkeil  seoi|iioii|  lai  eiiu  ■  .  (."ahx  ilee)ily  s-clell.  Corolla  tiilinlar,  slif^litly  ililaleil  aliove, 
S-lolied,  the  lohes  slioil,  'he  Ihro.il  uith  5  ctesls  hclow  the  lohes.  Slaineits  5,  itlelinleil,  iii- 
serteil  on  the  coiolla  title;  hhinniils  slemler.  Ovary  .|-i\iviileil;  style  lilifornt.  Nutlets  .), 
oliliipielv  ovoiil,  sli;;hlly  mciii  viil,  \\  1  ink  hi  I,  inset  ti'il  liy  their  liases  on  lite  Hat  reeepl.ide,  the 
sc.ir  111  the  altaehineii'  hroail,  eoncave,  ileiil.ile.  [C.ieek,  nrow-to;.;elher,  lioni  ils  siipposeil 
licaliiij.;  vi   Uies.  | 

AliiMil  i,s  s|)i  iii-<,  iial;M-.  of  till olil  Woilil. 

I.  Synii>hytum  oniciiiitlc  \,.    CniiiriLV. 

I  kalill).;  !lil  ll.      (  V'\i\.  _v  ',5.1-  • 
.Svii:/'/n  /"III  •■//!,  iiiii.'r  1,.  .Sp    I'l,  I  -.ii.       I7s,i. 

Koiits  thick,  ileiji;  stent  erect,  liraiicheil,  2  '- 
X'  liiKh.  I.e.ives  lanceolate,  nvalelanceolate, 
or   the    lower  ovale,    jiiniialeh-   viine.l,    \'   u/ 


ll 


\^. 


or   the    lower  ovale,    jnniialeh-   veineil,    \'   u/  ^»^^'-->l'\    t'-M'  /   j  y'/^it\y'''--    t ' 

loii^;,  acute  or  iieiini'. late  at  the  :i|i(  \,  ii.inouiil  /.^   ,''/]'^\  I  '%//// /f.V''^^^''-'^-'C 

into     iii.ir^oneil     petioles,     or     llie     iipperniost  /'    '*^ >.  ;  I  <  V S \      a'A      '/ /       A           * 

smaller    .mil    sessile,   ileciirreiit    on    the    stem;  /        '    *    I    \           \       f     ''Vj       .A' 

petioles  of  Ihe  liasal  leaves  sometimes  1  j' loiij;;  /         ,        I     \          \/-\           / ' '  i/^'       /I 


lliiwers  nnmeroiis,  in  ileiise  raerini  r.  or  clusters;     \   ~-i.t     • 
peilicels  2"    \"  lonv;;  ialyxse^;nients  ovate  or  "'^ 

oviilelaneeiilale,    aeiile    or    acuminate,    nincli     / 
shoiler  th.in  the  corolla;  corolla  yellowish  or 
purplish,  0"    in"  Ion  j;;   nut  Ids  la  o\\  11,  shin  it  ij;, 
sli;;htly  wiinkleil,  i."  hinli-  \ 

In  wa-le  places,  NrwfiMMiillaMil  In  Miinicula, 
siiiilli  tu  .M.iiyl.iiiil.  Nat\ii;ili/i  ll  m  aiUriiti\e  truiii 
l{iiiii;ii  .N.ilive  alsiior  Asia.  June  \\\v.-  C'alleil 
.ilsn  I'.H  k     or   lllack  Willi,  IliuiseA'oit,  Knit  hack, 

llMlll-.,    t, 

14     BORAGO  I,.  .Sp.  IM.  137.       175.V 

lliisiile  111  hispiil  .■iiimial  01  liieiinial  lii.inchinj,'  hcrlis,  with  alti'inati  entire  h  .ives,  .ami 
showy  liliie  llowcis,  in  teriiiinal  loose  leafy  r.lcemes.  Caly\  ileeply  .S-elell  or  spartcil. 
I'oroll.i  rotate,  the  tube  very  shoit,  the  throat  closeil  liv  scales,  tlie  liinh  ,s  IoIhiI,  the  lolies 
iniliricaleil,  .iciiti-.  .Slaiiieiis  ,s,  iiiseileil  on  the  corolla  tlilie;  filanu  ills  ililatcil  l)<low,  nar- 
loweil  aliove  into  a  slcn.li  r  appeiiilaj;e;  .anthers  linear,  erect,  .mil  eonnivent  into  a  cone. 
Ovary  |  iliviileil;  style  lililniin.  Niillels  .},  o\oiiI,  ereel,  attaclieil  liy  their  liases  to  the  Hit 
receptacle,  the  sea  of  attachiiietit  l.irj;e,  concave.  [Middle  l.iilin,  luiriii,  roiijjh  hair,  alliid- 
in^^  to  the  f.illane.  I 

'I'liiie  spi  lie-.,  n.  lives  of  tin-  Meililii  1.1111  an  tcKiuii. 


68 


HORACINACl'AH.  [Vol..  III. 

I.    Borago  officinalis  I<.       Borage. 
(I'lK-  3'''54-) 

/iiint^d  o//iii>iti/i\  I,.  Sj).  I'l.  I,;;.       17,S.V 

Stein  erect,  l)iaiiche(l,  i"-2'i"  lii^li,  tlie 
hraiiclics  spreading  or  asci'iidiii^;.  Leaves 
obloiij;  to  obovate,  acute  or  obtuse  at  the 
apex,  2'-5'  loiif^,  uarroweil  into  inarj^jineil 
petioles,  or  the  upper  smaller,  ovate-lanceo- 
late, sessile  or  partly  claspin>;;  flowers  S"- 
lo"  broad,  pedicels  rather  stout,  i '2'-2' 
loiij,',  sprcadinj;  or  recurving;  calyx-seg- 
ments lanceolate,  nearly  erect  in  fruit; 
corolla  bri};ht  blue,  the  lobes  ovate-lanceo- 
late; the  cone  of  anthers  darker,  about  3" 
lonj.;;  nutlets  2"  liiK'i- 

In  wasti  jilaccs,  tsiapcd  rniin  yardiiis,  Nova 
Sidtia  lip  Ontario  ami  riiin>-ylvania.  Native  of 
sout'.RTn  lUiropc.    J\nK-,St]il. 


15.    LYCOPSIS  L.  Sp.  PI.  i.vS.       1753. 

Annual  bristly-hisj)id  branched  erect  or  dilfuse  herbs,  with  alternate  leaves,  and  small 
bine  or  bluish  flowers,  in  dense  leafv-bracted  terminal  s]>ike-like  scorpioid  racemes.  Calyx 
5-parted.  Corolla  slij,ditly  irregular,  salverform,  the  tube  curved,  the  limb  somewhat  un- 
equally 5-lobed,  the  lol)es  obtuse,  imbricated,  the  throat  closeil  by  hispid  scales.  Stamens 
5,  included,  inserted  on  the  tube  of  the  corolla;  fdamcnts  short;  antliL-rs  obtuse  at  each  end. 
Ovary  .j-dividcd;  style  fdiform.  Nutlets  ,4,  wrinkled,  erect,  attached  by '.heir  bases  to  the 
flat  rece])tacle,  the  sciir  of  attachment  concave.      [Creek,  wolf-face.] 

Aliout   I  -iH'cics,  natives  cf  tin-  Old  World, 


vte" 


I.    Lycopsis  arvensis  L.     Small 

liugloSS.        I  iMK.  ,"1055.) 
I.ynif>sis  a>: i-ii\is  I,.  .S|>.  I'l.  1  vi-      i7.S,v 

Stetn  erect  or  ascending,  at  length  divergently 
or  dilfusely  branched,  1-2'  high,  the  branches 
becoming  procumbent.  Leaves  lanceolate,  nar- 
rowly oblong  or  the  lower  oblaneeolate,  obtuse, 
I '-2'  long,  undulate  or  dentate,  sessile,  or  the 
lower  narrowed  into  ])etioles,  the  upper  much 
smaller  and  acute  or  acntisli;  flowers  numerous, 
crowded,  2"-,\"  broad,  very  short-pedicclled; 
calyx-segments  lanceolate,  acute,  nearly  as  long 
as  the  curved  corolla-lube;  nutlets  shoiter  than 
the  calyx. 

Ill  fields  and  wasU  plans.  Nova  Scotia  to  Onta 
rio,  I'ctiMsylv.iiiia  and  Vir^iinia.  .NaUirali/i d  or 
adviiitivc  IKiiii  ICiimpf  .Native aNo ul  .\>ia.  Juni- 
Sept 

16,    ECHIUM   I,.  Sp.  PI.  139.       1753. 

Hicmiial  or  perennial  mostly  biisily-hirsute  branching  herbs,  with  alternate  leaves,  and 
rather  large  blue  violet  or  rarely  while  flowers,  in  Icafy-bracted  scorpioid  sjiikes.  Calyx 
S-partcd,  the  segments  mirrow.  Corolla  tubular-funnelforni,  irregular,  the  lind)  une(|iially 
,S-lobed,  the  lobes  munded,  sjireading,  the  throat  not  appenilaged.  .St  imer.s  5,  inserted  low 
down  on  the  tube  of  the  corolla,  unc(jiial,  at  least  the  longer  ones  exscrled;  fdamcnts  slen- 
der, dilated  at  the  base;  anthers  ovate  or  oblong.  Ovary  1  divided;  style  flliform,  2-cleft  at 
the  summit.  Nutlets  4,  erect,  ovoid,  rugose,  attaihed  by  their  bases  to  the  flat  receptacle, 
tlie  scar  of  !ittacliment  not  concave.     |('ireek,  a  viper.] 

.\lnail  ,^1  species,  natives  nl  the  Old  World. 


res,  mill 
Calyx 
iciiually 
toil  low 
its  slc'ii- 
cleft  111 
cptack', 


Vol..  III.]  I'.OKAC.lv    FAMI 

I.    Echium  vulgare  L.      VipL-r's  lUij^loss. 
IJlueweed.     (Imk-  3o5<J) 

I'.rhiiiin  rii/:^iiii-  I,,  Sp.  I'l.  i,)().       175.5. 

Ilrislly-liairy,  liicnnial;  stem  crei-l,  at  k-iij^lh  iiiucli 
liraiiclicd,  i"-2|2°  lii^^li.  Leaves  ohlonn,  liiiear-ob- 
lotij;,  or  liiiear-laiiceolate,  (il)tiisc  or  acute,  entire,  2' 
W  loiin,  sessile,  or  the  lower  anil  basal  ones  nar- 
rowed into  petioles;  flowers  liri^lil  blue,  varyiiifj  to 
violet  purple,  s"-u'"  loii^j,  mimeroi'.s  in  sliort  1- 
siileil  spikes,  I'oriiiinj;  a  narrow  thyrsus;  ealyx-scK- 
nients  iiiueh  shorter  than  the  corolla;  liinl)  of  the 
corolla  ohliipie,  the  lubes  very  nnei|ual. 

In  fields  and  waste  plaees.  New  linin'.wiek  In  \'ir 
ninia,  west  to  Oiitarii)  ,iiid  N'lliraska.  A  truiihli -iiiiie 
weid  ill  sniiir  seiliuiis  nf  tin-  Nnrlli.  Naliualizid  fioin 
iMiiiplie,  Native  alsii  (if  Asia.  Juiii-Jiily.  C.illed  aKo 
Viper's  lierl).  Viper's  ^;rass,  Snake  lluwrr,  lllnetlii-tle. 


I  Si  I ::. 


Riiiiily  2.|.     VERBENACEAE  j.  Si.  llil.  ICxi-ns.  Ivuii.  i:  2  15. 

\'i;rv.\in  1"amii.v. 
Herlis,  slinih.s  nr  some  tropical  <.^c'iicra  trees,  witli  opposite  vc-rlicillate  or 
rarely  allernalc  leaves,  and  pert'eel  more  or  less  irrej^iilar,  or  .sometiiius  re^^tilar 
flowers,  in  terminal  or  axillary  si>ikes,  raeemes,  cymes  or  panicles.  Cal>'.K  in- 
ferior, mostly  persistent,  nsnally  4-5-lo1)e(l  or  4-5-clel't.  Corolla  jjaniopetalons, 
re^tilar,  or  2-lippe(l,  the  tnlie  iistialh' CNlimlric  anil  the  limb  .^ -5-e'Ieft.  Stamens 
4,  (liilynamons,  r.arely  only  2,  or  as  inan\-  as  the  corolla-lobes,  inserted  on  the 
corolla  and  alternate  with  its  lobes;  anthers  2celled,  the  sacs  longitudinally  de- 
hiscent. ( )vary  siijierior,  2-4-celled  f  rarely  S-io-celled  ),  composed  of  2  carpels, 
each  carpel  with  2  analropoiis  or  amjihitropons  ovules,  thtis  in  4-celled  ovaries 
I  ovide  in  each  cavity;  style  terminal,  sin:ple;  stigmas  i  or  2.  I'niit  dry,  se])- 
aratinij  at  maturity  into  2-4  niulets,  or  a  drupe  containinjjj  the  2-4  nutlets. 
Ivndospenn  little  or  none,  or  rarely  lleshy;  embryo  straij;ht. 

Al)i)iil7(iKi  neraaiid  laix)  species,  of  wide  KeoK'ipliicdistri  tint  inn  in  letnperateand  warm  i((»ii'ii''. 
l'"li)weis  ill  heads  nr  spikes;  ov.iry  2   (  eel'ed;  Irnil  nf  .'  ur  .(  erect  iiiilli  Is;  ours  lierl)>^. 

CiiniUa  limb  s-ldbrd,  re^iilui  iM  nearly --ii;  nutlets  i.  i.    I'li  hi-iiit. 

Ciiiiilla  limb  (  lolud,  2-lipped:  millet- 2.  -'.   I.if</>i(i. 

J'liiwi  rs  in  .ixillaiy  (  vine  s;  slinibs;  Irnit  diiipai  eniis.  t,.   Oi/hini />ii. 

I.    VERBENA  r..  Sp.  PI.  i8.      1753. 

Herbs  fsoiiie  exotic  species  shrubby),  mostly  with  opposite  leaves,  and  variously  colored 
bracted  llowers,  in  terminal  solitary  corynibcd  or  p.'inicled  spikes.  Calyx  usually  tubular, 
.S-annled,  more  or  less  uiiei|ually  5-tootlied.  Corolla  salverform  or  fuiinelforiii,  the  tube 
straight  or  suiiicwhat  curved,  the  limb  spreadiiij»,  ,s-l"l)cd,  sli).;litly  alippeil  or  regular. 
Stamens  .),  didvnamous,  or  very  rarely  only  2,  included;  connective  of  the  anthers  uiiappeii- 

"inil.     ( ivary  1-celled;  ovule  1  in  each  cavity;  st>le 


iliif^ed,  or  sometimes  provided  with  a  ^I  .  . 

usually  short,  2-lolied  at  the  sunmiit,  one  of  the  lobes  stij{nialic.     I'ruit  dry,  mostly  enclosed 

crustaceous  snioolli 


iirtii(iii>    Diiiri  L,    ^'ii^Ki;'!   >ii    iii\.    :.ii  iii  ill  i  L,    iiii^   tii    iiii.    i>fi>i.n  .-.ti^iiini  iv  .         i    iiiil  iii 

by  the  calyx,  at  lelij^th  separatinj;  into  .),  isccded  linear  or  linear-oblong  c 
])apill')Se  or  nigosc  nutlets.      [I.atiti  name  of  «  sacred  herb.] 

.\bniit  loci  spiciis,  natives  nf  .\iiKric,i,  nrasiiiKle  mie  iiidim  iiniis  in  tin-  Miilitiri.ini  mm  Il■^;i^ 
Desides  the  lulbivviiiK:,  sdiiu-  i  \  otliers  occur  in  llie  smitlMrn  am!  we-tern  parts  of  Nuitli  .America 
I'lowers  2"   5"  loiiK,  ill  narrow  spikes;  antluis  unappendajjed. 
Spikes  lilifiiiin  or  slender;  bracts  slioitir  than  tin   lluwers. 
.Spikes  lilifinii;  fiuit  sc.ittired;  corolla  usually  white. 

Leaves  iiii  i-^cd  <ir  piiiniUiliil;  diMii-.<-  animal;  Iriiit  "^Imrt, 
Leaves  senate    i.iiely  inciMil  1;  c  veil  peuniiial;  ftiiit  nbloiiir. 
Spikes  slendir;  Iruits  deiisi  ly  imbricated,  cnrnlla  blue. 

Plants  ulabidiis  or  spariii^'ly  roiiuli  pubescent;  corolla  2"-,;"  lotin 
Leaves  laiui  olate,  acuminate,  pi  tioleil, 

Le.ives  linear  or  sp.itulate  laiicenl.ite.  iimstly  obtnviainl  ses-iik 
riatits  cleii--elv  soil  pubescent,  corolla  ("   5"  Iniiif. 

I.ii'l-         ,1l,«1.j(>'       l.t-'l.'t.;      t..ll(f.,l'     tll.ltt     llkj.     Ili.l>.l.t-U 


C.  (iffuinii/n. 
/'.  urlui/olia. 


;■  li,isl,ila. 

I  ■  (I  II  i;  II  \l  I  fill  in. 

/'.  ^1 1  ilia. 

C  III  iielei>\ii. 


I'lains  cieii--eiv  sou  piiDisccm.  corona  \      5     emu.  s     '  .  ^I'liiii. 

Spikes  thick,  deie-e;  bracts  lunger  tliati  llu-  llowers.  (1.    ('.  htitflemii. 

I''liiwi  -s  -"    1  J  '  lun^f.  ill  short  dense  elounat inn  spiki  s;  c(inneeti\e  nl  the  Icmuer  stalllensappemlaued 
Coinlla  limb  »i"    III"  hiiiad;  biacts  mostly  shorter  than  the  caly\.  7.    / '.  C'liinidi'iiMs. 

CoioUa  limb  \"    s"  broad,  bracts  ei|nalliii(;  or  exceeiliiiK:  the  cilyx.  .S.    /'  /ii/>iii>iii/i/iilii 


VERnEXACEAE. 


[Vor,.  Ill, 


X.    Verbena    oiTicinSlis  T^.      luiropean 

Vervain.    Ilcrh-of-the-Cross.    lier- 

bine.     (Imk'.  3057-) 

I'nhena  olliiiiialis  I„  Sj).  IM.  zo,      175^. 

Aiimial;  stem  4  sided.sletider.glabroiis  or  near- 
ly so,  ascciuliiij^  or  spreading,  diirtnely  Iirandied, 
l°-_^°  liigli.  Leaves  jiiinutcly  pul  .•eiit,  the 
lower  deeply  incised  or  1-2  jiinnatiiid,  ovate,  ob- 
long, or  otiovate  in  outline,  I'-.^'long,  narrowed 
into  margined  petioles,  tlie  tcetli  acute;  upper 
leaves  linear  or  lanceolate,  acute,  entire,  sessile; 
spikes  several  or  numerous,  filiform,  ;it  length 
.j'-S'  long;  fruits  less  tliaii  i"  high,  scattered 
along  the  spikes,  not  at  all  imbricated;  bracts 
ovate,  acuminate,  shorter  than  the  5-tootlied 
calyx;  corolla  purplish  or  white,  tlie  limb  i"-2" 
)road. 

In  wa'ite  and  cultivated  nr"und,  M  line  to  I'lorida 
and  'IVxas.  Also  on  the  Pacific  Coa-^t.  Naturalized 
from  tin-  Old  World.  Smnctinics  a  tniubksouic 
weed.  Called  Iloly-licrb,  luiclianter's-plant,  Juno's- 
tcars,  I'igcon'surass,  Sinii)lcr's  Joy.     June  Sept, 


White  or  Nettle-leaved  Vervain. 

I75,?. 


(Fig.  3058.) 


2.    Verbena  urticifolia  L 

I'eibnui  urliiifoUa  I,.  Sp.  I'l.  20. 

rercnnial,  usually  pubescent;  stem  slender,  strict, 
erect,  4  sided,  paniculately  branched  above,  ,i°-5° 
high,  the  branches  upright.  Leaves  ovate,  oldong, 
or  oblong-lanceolate,  all  petioled,  or  the  upper- 
most sessile,  serrate-dentate  all  around,  thin,  acute 
or  acuminate,  mostly  rounded  at  the  base,  i,'j'-5' 
long;  spikes  numerous,  filiform,  erect,  or  spreading, 
at  length  4'-6'  long;  fruits  oblong,  scattered,  not 
at  all  imbricated,  about  l"  high;  bracts  ovate,  acu- 
minate, shorter  than  the  calyx;  corolla  white  or 
pale  purple,  its  limb  about  \"  bro;id. 

In    fields    and   waste    places,    New    Ilrunswick   to 
Minnesota,    Kliirida  and   Texas.     Ilybridi/es  with    /'. 
hiaclC'^sa,   I',  hiislala  nw\  I'.  slri,lii.     June-Sept. 
Verbena  urticifoha  riparia  1  Raf. )  liritton,  Jlein.   Torr. 

Club,  5  2-6.      i8c)(. 
Tcihe)ia   riparia   Kaf. ;  Small  &  Heller,  Jlcni.  'forr. 

Club,  3:  12.       i!S92. 

Leaves  incise<l.  sometimes  vcleft  nearllie  base;  flow- 
ers blue.     Kiver-b.mks,  New  Jersey  to  North  Caroliua. 


3.   Verbena  hastata  L. 

Wild  Hyssop.     (I'ig. 

Verbena  liaslata  I,.  Sj).  IM.  20.      175V 

fcrhena  paniiulala  I..atu.  I^iicycl.  8:  5tS.      iSoS. 

I'erenni.il,  rouyhish-puberulent ;  stem  erect, 
strict,  4-sided,  usually  branched  above,  3°~7°  high. 
Leaves  oblong  lanceolate  or  lanceolate,  ])etiolcd, 
acute  or  acuminate  at  the  apex,  narrowed  at  the 
base,  serrate  or  incised-dcntate  w  ith  acute  teeth, 
3'-6'  long,  the  lower  sometimes  hastately  3-lobed 
at  the  base;  spikes  numerous,  panicled,  slender, 
usually  pednncled,  2'-6'  long;  fruits  densely 
imbricated  on  the  spikes,  l"-ij^''''  high;  bracts 
ovate,  acuminate,  shorter  than  the  calyx;  corolla 
blue,  its  limb  about  1I2''  broad. 

In    moist   fields,   meadows  and    in   waste   pl.iccs, 
Nova  Scotia  to  liritish  Columbia,  south  to  I'lorida, 
Nebraska   and    New    Mexico.     Hybridizes  with    /'. 
sliicta  &n<X  I',  bradcosa.    June-Sept. 
Verbena  hast&ta  pinnatifida  (Lam.)  Urittoti,  Mem.  Torr.  Club,  5:  276.      1891. 
I'erbena  fiittnalifida  Lam.  Tabl.  Kncyel.  i:  57.      171)1. 

Leaves  deeply  incised  or  pinuatifid.    Occasional  in  the  range  of  the  type. 


Klne  \'ervain. 
3059- ) 


Vol.  III.] 


VERVAIN  FAMILY. 


4.   Verbena  angustifdlia  Michx. 
Xarrow-leaved  Vervain.     (Fig.  3060.) 

ycihena  anguslifoUa  Michx.  Fl.  Bor.  Am.  3:  14. 

180,?. 

Perennial,  roughish-puberulent  or  pubes- 
cent; stem  slender,  simple  or  branched,  4-siile(l 
above,  i°-2°  high.  Leaves  linear,  spatulate 
or  lanceolate,  obtuse  or  subacute  at  the  apex, 
cuncate  at  the  base  and  tapering  into  short 
petioles,  serrate  or  serrulate,  veiny,  I'/i'-i' 
long,  2"-5"  wide;  spikes  mostly  solitary  at 
the  ends  of  the  branches,  usually  pedunclcd, 
slender,  dense,  2'-$'  long;  fruits  overlapping 
or  the  lower  somewhat  distant,  i^"  high; 
bracts  lanceolate,  acuminate,  equalling  or 
shorter  than  the  calyx;  corolla  purple  or  blue, 
about  3"  long,  its  limb  about  as  broad,  the 
lobes  obovate  or  oblong. 

In  (Irj-  fields,  JIassacliusetts  to  Florida,  west 
to  Minnesota.  Illinois  and  Arkansas.  Hybridizes 
with  /'.  s/ric/a  and  I',  bracleosa.    Jutie-AuR. 


6.  Verbena  bractedsa  Michx. 
Large-bracted  Vervain.     (Fig.  3062.) 

/'.  htacteosa  Michx.  Fl.  Bor.  Am.  2:  13.  1803. 
Perennial,  hirsute-pubescent;  stem  4-sided, 
much  branched  from  the  base,  the  branches 
decumbent  or  ascending,  slender,  6'-i5' 
long.  Leaves  ovate,  oval,  or  obovate  in  out- 
line, pinnately  incised  or  pinnatifid,  i'-3' 
long,  more  or  less  cuneatc  at  the  base  and 
narrowed  into  short  petioles,  the  lobes  mostly 
dentate;  spikes  sessile,  stout,  dense,  becom- 
ing 4'-6'  long  in  fruit;  bracts  conspicuous, 
linear-lanceolate,  rather  rigid,  longer  than 
the  flowers  and  fruits,  the  lower  ones  often 
incised;  corolla  purplish  blue,  about  2"  long. 

On  prairies  and  in  wiiste  places,  Minnesota  and 
Illinois  to  Alabama  and  Florida,  west  to  British 
Columbia,  Arizona  and  California.  Hybridizes 
with  K.  Canadensis.    May-Aug. 


5.  Verbena  stricta  Vent.     Hoary  or 
MtiUen-leaved  Vervain.   (  Fig.  306 1 . ) 

I'erhcna    stricla  Vent.   Descr.    PI.   Jard.   Cels. 

pl.x^.      1800. 
I'eibena  pigens Slichx.  Fl.  Bor.  Ant.  2: 14.     1803. 

Perennial,  densely  soft-pubescent  all  over; 
stem  stout,  obtusely  4  angled,  simple,  or 
branched  above,  strict,  very  leafy,  i°-2)4° 
high.  Leaves  ovate,  oval,  or  oblong,  very 
short-petioled,  acute  or  obtuse  at  the  apex, 
narrowed  at  the  base,  prominently  veined, 
incised-serrateor  laciniatc,  i'-4'  long;  spikes 
solitary,  or  several,  mostly  sessile,  dense, 
stout,  becoming  6'-i2''  long  in  fruit;  fruits 
much  imbricated,  2"-2}i"  high;  bracts  lan- 
ceolate-subulate, nearly  as  long  as  the  calyx; 
corolla  purplish  blue,  4"-5'''  long,  its  limb 
nearly  as  broad. 

In  dry  soil,  Ohio  to  Minne.sota,  Nebraska  and 
Wyoming,  south  to  Tennessee,  Texas  and  New 
Mexico.  Naturalized  as  a  weed  furtlier  east. 
Hybridizes  witli  I '.  bi ailcosa.    June-Sept. 


"V-.  — 


A. 


•US 


72  vi;rhi<:naci';ah.  [voi..  hi. 

7.  Verbena  Canadensis  (  L.  )  liritton.     Lnrpe- flowered  Verbena.    (I-ig.  ;,i)63. ) 

liiiiliiina  I'iDiiiiliiish  \,.  'SVmW   nS.      i~('7. 
I'l-ihiiiit  Aiihh-hii  Jaci|.  Iloit.  \'iiul.  2:  S;.  />/. 

/,-/).       1772. 
(7/iiii(/ii/ai  ill  Caro/iiiriisis  J.  {.'•.  r.iiicl,   Syst. 

2:  >i.'(i.       I7iyi. 
I'll  hunt    Oiiiai/iiisis    IliittoTi,    Mem.    Tmr. 

C'llil),  5:  276.     iSi)(. 

IViL'tinial,  pul)escciit  or  j,'1al>r;itc;  sti'iii 
sleiuler,  usually  brancliod,  .S'-is'  liiuli,  tlic 
braiicliL'sasi'ciKliii^;.  I<eaves  mciiibranous, 
ovate  ill  outline,  petiolcd,  I'-j'  lou),',  trun- 
cate or  broadly  cuncate  at  the  base,  irre- 
gularly piniiatcly  incised,  often  ;,-cleft,  the 
lobes  dentate;  spikes  pedundcd,  solitary 
at  the  ends  of  the  branches,  dense,  short 
and  capitate  when  in  early  flower,  beconi- 
ini;  2'-  1'  Ion),'  in  fruit;  bracts  linear-snliu- 
late,  mostly  shorter  than  the  calyx;  calyx- 
teeth  filiforiu-subulatc;  corolla  in".i2" 
lonjj,  blue,  purple,  white  or  in  cultivation 
variegated,  its  limb  6"-i()"  bmad,  the 
lobes  oblong  or  obovate.  eniarginate  or  ob- 
cordate;  fruit  i'l'^-i"  high. 

In  di y  Sdil,  Illinois  to  Tciuiessce  and  IHur 
ida,  west  t(i  Kansas.  Mexico  and  New  Mexico. 
'I'liis  and  tin  next  the  source  ol"  many  (;aiiKn 
and  oilier  hybrids.     May  AtiR. 


<?^^\-5, 


8.  Verbena  bipinnatifida  Nutt. 
Siiiall-nowered  \'erbena.  (l-'ig.  3064.) 

I'fr/ifiiii    bit^innatifulu    Nutt.    Juurii.    Acad 

riiila.  2:  ij;.     1S21. 
GliJiidiilaiia  hif>i>i>mli/iilii  Nutt.  Trans.  Am. 

I'hil.  Soc.  ill.)  5:  1S4.'      i>.ri-,i7. 

rcreunial,  prochicing  suckers,  hirsute  or 
hispid;  stems  rather  stout,  mostly  branched, 
erect,  6'-iS'  high.  Leaves  firm,  petiolcd 
or  the  uppermost  sessile,  broadly  ovate  in 
outline,  deeply  i-a-piniiatifid  into  linear  ir 
linear-oblong,  obtuse  or  subacute  lobes  and 
segments;  spikes  peduiicled  or  se.ssile, 
solitary  at  the  ends  of  the  branches,  thick, 
dense,  at  llrst  short  and  capitate,  becoming 
2'-.)'  long  in  fruit;  bracts  linear-subulate, 
mostly  shorter  than  the  calyx;  calyx-teeth 
filifonn-subulate;  corolla  6"-9"  long,  pur- 
ple or  lilac,  the  limb  .\"-5"  broad,  the  lobes 
eiiiarginate  or  obconlate;  fruit  i'2"-2" 
high. 

On  dry  ])lains  and  |)rairics,  Nebraska  to 
Texas  and  Cliiluialma,  west  to  Colorado  and 
Arizona.     May  Scjit. 

2.   LIPPIA  L.  Sp.  PI.  633.       1753. 

rcreunial  herbs,  or  shrubs,  with  opposite,  sometimes  verticillatc,  or  rarely  alternate 
leaves,  and  small  bracted  Hower.s,  in  axillary  or  terminal,  mostly  peduiicled  spikes  or  heads. 
Calyx  small,  membranous,  ovoid,  catnpanulate  or  compressed  and  2-winged,  2-  (-toothed  or 
2-4-cleft.  Corolla-tube  straight  or  incurved,  cyliudric,  the  limb  obli(iue,  spreading,  some- 
what 2-lipped,  .(-cleft,  the  lobes  broad,  often  retuse  or  erodcil.  Stamens  .(,  didyiiamous,  in- 
cluded or  exscrted;  antlicrs  ovate,  not  appendaiied,  the  sacs  nearly  parallel.  t)vary  2  celled; 
ovules  r  in  each  cavity;  style  short;  stigma  oblique  or  recurved.  I'ruit  dry,  with  a  mem- 
branous cxocarp,  at  length  separating  iulo  4  nutlets.  [Named  in  honor  of  Augustc  Lippi, 
167S-1703,  a  I'reiich  naturalist.] 

.About  iiHi  siiecies,  most  abundant  in  troi)ical  ami  snl)tro()ical  .Vimrica,  a  few  .African.     Iksides 
the  following,  alvout  6  others  occur  in  the  soutlurn  and  soutlnvcsKrn  Initcd  .States. 
Leavi.  s  siiatulaU-,  2-8  toothed  above;  ])(dniules  little  exceediiiK  the  leaves.  i.   A.  t  iiiit'f/'olia. 

Leaves  siiari)ly  serrate;  i)eduncles  much  longer  than  the  leaves. 

Leaves  oblong  or  lanceolate,  mostly  acute.  2.   /-.  lanciolala. 

Leaves  s|)atiiiate  or  obovate,  mostly  obtuse.  3.   A.  nmti flout. 


or 
b: 


.sil 

wi 

ra 

.sli 

he 

6' 

fro 

tei 


Vol..  III.] 


VKKWM.N    FAMILY 


I.    Lippia  cuneifolia  (  Torr.  )  Steiul. 
VVedKc-leavetl  FoK-friiit.       C^'iR-  >V>65) 

/apaiiia  ciinei/olia  Tiirr.  Aim.   I.yc.  N.   Y.  2:  2\\. 
Tort,  ill   Marcy's  Kij). 


1^27. 


Lipl^ia  cinieifolia   Stciul. 

29,^   /'/.  /,-.'    iS.s.v 

I'.ilc,  minutely  piibcrulent  with  forked  hairs 
or  f-lahrous,  didusely  braiiclii-d  from  llic  wocxly 
base;  branches  terete,  slender,  riHid,  procnni- 
hent,  somewhat  zig/aj;,  with  short  erect  branch- 
lets  at  the  n(Mles.  Leaves  lincar-cuncate,  ses- 
.silc,  obscurely  veined,  rigid,  I'-i  'j'  long,  2"-}," 
wide,  with  2-S  sharp  teeth  above  the  middle  or 
rarely  entire,  acutish  at  the  ai)ex;  ])eduncles 
shorter  than  or  somewhat  exceeding  the  leaves; 
head  at  first  globose,  beiotning  cylindtic  and 
6"-.S"  long;  bracts cuneate,  abruptly  acuminate 
from  the  truncate  or  reluse  summit;  cdyx  (lat- 
tencd,  2-cleft,  the  lobes  2  toothed  i>r  emargin.itc; 
corolla-tube  longer  than  the  caly  x ;  fruit  oblong. 

On  plains,  .Nebraska  and  Coluradii  to  Te.\as. 
Mexico  and  .\ri/.iina.     May  .\ug. 


9 


1m 


2.    Lippia  lanceolata  Michx. 
frtiit.     O'it^'  3066.) 

/,.  hiii,-,-i<!atii  Michx.  V\.  lior.  .■\m.  2:  i.i.     180;,. 

Green,  glabrous,  or  very  sparingly  pubes- 
cent with  forked  hairs;  stems  slender,  weak, 
procumbent  or  ascending,  sometimes  rooting 
at  the  nodes,  simple,  or  little  branched,  l°-2° 
long.  Leaves  thin,  oblong,  ovate,  or  oblong- 
l.'inceolate,  pmnately  veined,  short-petioled, 
acute  or  subacute  at  the  apex,  sharply  serrate 
to  below  the  middle,  narrowed  to  the  some- 
what cuneate  base,  r-3' long,  ;/'  i.s"wide; 
peduncles  slender,  some  or  all  of  them  longer 
than  the  leaves;  heads  at  first  globose,  be- 
coming cylin<lric  ami  about  ',<'  long  in  fruit; 
bracts  ,'icute;  caly.x  fiattciied,  2-cleft;  corolla 
pale  blue,  scarcely  longer  than  the  calyx; 
fruit  globose. 

In  moist  Soil,  Xiw  Jersey  to  Illinois  an<l  Kan- 
sas, soiilli  to  I'lorida, Texas  and  northern  Mexico. 
.Also  in  Calil'ortiia.     June  Aug;. 


3.  Lippia  nodiflora  (L.)  Michx.   .S|ut- 
ulate-leavecl  lM)j:[-frtiit.     {Vh\.  3067.) 

t'ri /'fiiii  iii'ililloia  I,.  Sp.  I'l.  20.  ir.SV 
/,//'/)/ii  iiiHli/lorii  Miclix.  in.  lior.  Am.  2:  i,s.  i.'^o.v 
Minutely  and  rather  ilensely  pulierulciit 
witli  short  appressed  hairs,  crcc]>ing,  or  some 
of  the  branches  ascending,  i°-3  long.  Leaves 
thickish,  spatulatc,  oblaiiceolatc,  or  obovate, 
U"-2]i'  long,  3"-i2''  wide,  mostly  obtuse  at 
the  apex,  narrowed  into  a  long  or  short  cune- 
ate entire  b.ise,  sharply  serrate  above  the  mid- 
dle ;  iiedundes  slender,  i'-6'  long,  much 
longer  than  the  leaves;  heads  at  length  cylin- 
dric  and  5"-i2''  long,  2,"-\"  thick;  calyx 
fiattened,  2cleft;  corolla  jHirple  to  wdiite. 

In  wet  or  moist  soil,  (".corgia  to  southern  Mis- 
souri, I'lorida  and  Texas.  Also  in  California, 
(."onlral  America,  the  West  Indies,  and  appaieiitly 
the  same  species  in  the  warmer  regions  of  the 
Old  World      May  .Sept. 


74 


vr;RnENAcr;AK. 
3.   CALLICARPA  h.  Sp.  PI.  iii. 


[Vol.  III. 


1753- 

Shrubs  or  trees,  with  opposite  leaves,  nnil  small  blue  purple  or  white  flowers  in  .iNillary 
cymes.  Calyx  short,  campnmilatc,  4-toollieil  (rarely  ,s-toutlieil),  or  truncate.  Corolla-tube 
sliort,  expanded  above,  the  limb  spreadinj;,  i-clcft  (rarely  5-cleft),  the  lobes  equal,  imbri- 
cated in  the  bud.  Stamens  4,  ecpial,  exserted;  anthers  ovate  or  oval,  tlieir  sacs  parallel. 
Ovary  incompletely  a-collcd;  ovules  2  in  each  cavity,  laterally  attached,  amphitropons;  style 
slender;  stigma  -  ipitatc,  or  2-lobed.  I'mit  a  berry-like  drupe,  much  longer  than  thecaljx, 
containing'  1-4  nutlets,     [tircek,  handsome  fruit.] 

About  ,15  species,  the  following  nf  soutlicaslcni  North  .\nierica,  the  Dthcrs  Asiatic,  African  and 
of  tropical  America. 

1.  Callicarpa  Americana  L.     French 
Mulberry.     (Fig.  3068.) 

Callii-arf>a  Ameticana  L.  Sp.  I'l.  iii.      1753. 

A  shrub,  2°-5°  high,  the  twigs,  petioles  and 
young  leaves  stellate-scurfy,  the  mature  leaves 
glabrous  or  nearly  so,  and  glandular-dotted. 
Twigs  terete ;  leaves  thin,  ovate,  pinnately 
veined,  sleuder-petioled,  acute  or  acuminate 
at  the  apex,  crenate-dentatc  nearly  to  the 
entire  base,  3'-6'  long,  i,,'^'-^'  wide;  cymes 
many-flowered,  short-pcduncled;  pedicels  very 
short;  calyx-teeth  much  shorter  than  tlie  tube; 
corolla  pale  blue,  about  i,!^"long;  fruit  violet- 
blue,  globose,  lyi"  in  diameter,  very  conspicu- 
ous in  autumn. 

In  moist  thicket'*,  Virginia  to  Florida,  Alabama, 
Arkansas  and  Texas.    June-July. 

Family  25.     LABIATAE  B.  Jii.s.s,  Hort.  Trian.       1759. 

Mi. NT  F.^Mii.Y. 
Aromatic  punctate  herbs,  or  .shrubs  (a  few  tropical  .species  trees),  ino.stly  with 
4-.sided  stems  and  simple  opposite  leaves;  stipules  none.  Flowers  irregular, 
perfect,  variou.sly  clustered,  the  inflorescence  typically  cymose,  usually  bracteo- 
late.  Calyx  inferior,  per.'^istetit,  regular  or  2-lii)ped,  5-toothed  or  5-lobed  (rarely 
4-toothed),  mostly  nerved.  Corolla  with  a  short  or  lotig  tube,  the  limb  4-5- 
lobed,  mostly  2-lipped,  regular  in  a  few  genera;  upper  lip  2-lobed,  or  sometimes 
entire;  lower  lip  mostly  3-lobed.  Stamens  borne  on  the  corolla-tube,  typically 
4  and  didynamous,  .sometimes  2  with  or  without  staminodia,  rarely  eciual;  fila- 
ments .separate,  mostlj'  slender,  alternate  with  the  corolla-lobes;  anthers  2-celled, 
introrse,  or  confluently  i -celled,  or  sometimes  of  a  single  sac.  Di.sk  usually 
present,  fleshy.  Ov.iry  4-lobed,  or  4-parted,  superior,  each  lobe  or  division  with 
I  mostly  anatropous  ovule;  style  ari.sin.g  from  the  centre  of  the  lobed  or  parted 
ovarj',  2-U)bed  at  the  summit.  F'ruit  of  4  i-seeded  nutlets.  Seed  erect  (trans- 
verse in  Sni/il/iin'ti);  endospernt  scanty,  or  usually  none;  embryo  mostly 
straight;  radicle  short,  inferior. 

About  160  (fenera  and  ,5ixxi  species,  of  wide  distribulion  in  teniper.itc  and  tropical  regions.  The 
family  is  also  Itnown  as  I,AMl.\cii.\i;.     The  foliage  abounds  in  volatile  oils. 

A.  Ovary  4-lobed,  the  style  not  basal ;  nutlets  laterally  attached. 
Corolla-limb  vcrj'  irregular,  apparently  i-lipped,  or  the  other  lip  very  short;  stamens  exserted. 

t'pper  lip  of  corolla  short,  truncate.  i. 

t'pper  lip  of  corolla  2  lohed,  or  all  the  lobes  united  into  the  lower  lip.  2, 

Corolla-limb  nearly  e<iu.illy  5  lobed. 

Corolla-lobes  spreading;  stamens  sliort-cxscrted.  3. 

Corolla-lobes  declined;  stamens  long-exserted.  4. 


'I'ciicriiim. 

Isa  nihil. <:. 
Tiiiliosleiiia. 


B.  Ovary  4-parted,  the  style  basal ;  nutlets  basally  attached. 

•X-  Calyx  with  a  protuberance  on  the  upper  side.  5,  Scutellaria. 

^  -X-  Calyx  not  gibbous  on  the  upper  side. 
Stamens  and  style  very  short,  included  in  the  corolla-tube.  6.  Marrubium. 


[Vol..  III. 


ill  axillary 
orolla-tube 
iial,  itiil)ri- 
L-9  parallel, 
•pons;  style 
I  the  calyx, 

African  and 

French 


'753- 

ictioles  and 
^tiire  leaves 
;ilar-dotte(l. 
,  piiiiiately 
acuminate 
rly  to  the 
Ide;  cynics 
cdicelsvery 
nil  the  tube: 
fruit  violet- 
ry  couspicu- 

da,  Alabama, 


stly  with 
irregular, 

bracteo- 
led  (rarely 
limb  4-5- 
lonietinies 
typically 
lual;  fila- 

2-celled, 
k  usually 
ision  with 
or  parted 
ct  (trans- 
u   mostly 

gions.    The 


■cscrtcd. 

;a. 

riiim. 

thus. 
Iinslema. 


'I!  art  a. 
nibiiim. 


Vol.  III.] 


lillNT  FAMIIA'. 


75 


7- 
8. 

Ai:a^/ar/ir. 
Mttliiiiiia. 

9- 

Xi-pc/a. 

Id. 
11. 

Glcci'iiia. 
Dnicoccfilialum 

12. 

Pmiiflla. 

I.). 

Pli)'soslfs;ia. 
Synam/ni. 

1 5. 

Phlomis. 

16. 

Galcof)sis. 

18. 
17- 

iMniiuni. 
Leonurus. 

19.  Ballota. 


Stamens  longer,  not  include-d  in  the  corollatiibe. 

t  Corolla  strongly  .'-tifif>itt :  lifi<:  unlike,  the  upfer  concave. 

(a.  .  AiitliL'r-bfariiiK  stanicns  4. 

I'dslirior  I  upptri  pair  of  statiuns  IntiRcr  than  the  antiriur. 
Anllursiit's  piiriillcl  or  nearly  so. 

Tall  creel  luths;  posterior  stamens  di dined,  anterior  a«ci      intr. 
Trailing  lierl>;  st.iinens  all  asceiuliiiK  under  upper  lip  of  corolla. 
Antliersaes  diverifeiit. 

Calyx  tubular,  nearly  eipially  ,s  toothed,  not  2  lipped;  plant  erect. 
Caly.\  distinctly  2  lipped,  or  uiK<|u;il!y  5  toothed. 
Trailintr  lierl);  calyx  iitu-qually  5-loothed, 
Jiteet  licrbs;  calyx  2  lipped. 
Posterior  pair  of  stamens  sliorter  than  tlie  anterior. 
Calyx  distinctly  2  lipped,  closed  in  fruit. 
Calyx  .(-lo-toothcd,  not  distinctly  2  lip])ed,  open  in  fruit. 
Calyx  meinhranous,  inilatcd  in  fruit,  faintly  nerved. 
Calyx  nearly  ciiually  s  toothed,  or  ,S"lobed. 
Calyx  globed. 
Calyx  not  membranous,  not  inflated  in  fruit,  distinctly  ,s-io-nervcd. 
.Slyli  -branehes  very  uiiecjual. 
Style-br.uiclu  s  e(iual,  or  nearly  so. 
Anther-sacs  transversely  2va!ved. 

Anther-sacs  not  transversely  2-valved,  parallel  or  divcrKent. 
Nutlets  3-sidi(l,  truncate. 

Calyx-teeth  not  spiny-tipped. 
Calyx-teeth  spiny  tipped. 
Nutlets  ovoid,  rounded  above. 

Calyx  with  a  spreading  .s-toothed  limb. 
Calyx  linil)  not  spreadinu. 

Corolla-tube  not  longer  than  the  calyx;  anther-sacs  divergent. 

20.  Stiichys. 
Corolla-tube  exserted;  lower  petioles  very  long;  anther-sacs  parallel. 

21.  Uclouica. 
(b.  1  Anther  beariuK  stamens  2. 

Connective  of  the  anther  very  long,  bearing  a  perfect  sac  at  one  end,  and  a  rudimentary  one,  or 

none,  at  the  other.  22.  Salvia. 

Connective  very  short,  the  anthcrsncs  conduent. 

Calyx  tubular,  i.s  nerved,  eiiually  .s-toothed.  2,1.  ^fonar(ta. 

Calyx  ovoid-tubular,  i.^-ncrved,  2-lipped.  2.).  IHcphilia. 

t  t  Corolla  2-lipped.  or  regular;  upper  lip,  ulien  present,  ftal,  or  only  slightly  concair. 
(a. )  Flowers  in  axillary  whorls  or  clusters,  or  these  forming  terminal  spikes. 

Corolla  2-lipped. 

Stamens  cuiTed,  often  converging,  or  ascending  under  the  upper  lip  of  the  corolla. 
Anther  bearing  stamens  2.  25. 

Anther-hearing  stamens  \. 

Corolla  tidie  upwardly  curved,  exserted.  26. 

Corolla-tube  straight. 

Calyx  10  nerved,  c.impanulate,  about  equally  s-toothed.  27. 

Calyx  mostly  13 nerved,  tubular,  2  lipped.  2S. 

.Stamens  straight,  often  diverging. 
C:  lyx  i.i-nerved. 
Calyx  lo-i  vnerved. 

Anther-bearing  stamens  t- 
Anther-sacs  divergent. 

Calyx  equally  5-tootlicd;  erect  herbs.  311. 

Calyx  2-lipped;  creeping  herbs.  32. 

Anther-sacs  parallel.  ,V. 

Anther-bearing  stamens  2.  33. 

Corolla  regular,  4-,s-lobed. 

Anther  hearing  stamens  2;  plants  not  aromatic.  ,34. 

.\iitlier-bcaring  stamens  4;  aromatic  fragrant  herbs.  35. 


Ilcdeoma. 

Melissa. 

Salureia. 
CluiopoJium. 


29.  Hyssopus. 


Origanum, 
'nivmus. 
Koellia. 
Cimila, 

I.vcnpus. 
Mentha. 


(b. )  Flowers  in  terminal  panicled  racemes  or  spikes;  corolla  2-lipped. 

.\iitlier-bearing  stamens  2;  lower  lip  of  corolla  long,  fimbriate;  native.  3O.  Collinsonia. 
Antlier  bearing  stamens  4;  lower  lip  of  corolla  not  fimbriate;  introduced. 

I'lowers  riiceinose.  37.  Perilla. 

Flowers  densely  spiked.  38.  Elsholtzia. 

X.   AJUGA  L.  Sp.  PI.  561.     1753. 

Annual  or  perennial,  often  stolonifcrous  herbs,  mostly  with  dentate  leaves,  and  rather 
large  verticillate-clustered  flowers  in  terminal  spikes,  or  in  the  upper  axils.  Calyx  ovoid  or 
campanulate,  lo-maiiy-nerved,  5  toothed  or  5-lobed,  the  teeth  or  lobes  nearly  equal.  Corolla- 
liiiib  2-lipped,  the  upper  lip  short,  truncate  or  enuirginate,  the  lower  spreading,  with  2  small 
lateral  lobes  and  a  much  larger  en-.irginate  or  2-clcft  middle  one.  Stamens  4,  didynamous, 
somewhat  exserted  beyond  the  upper  lip  of  the  corolla,  the  anterior  pair  the  longer;  anther- 


76 


I.AIlIATAi:. 


[Vol..  III. 


SiU's  iliviTuciit,  only  sli^jlitly  conriiiLMit  at  the  base.  Ovary  not  clceply  4-lot)f(l.  Nutlets  cib- 
ovoid,  ninosi'-retioulate.  [(Ireck,  witliout  a  yoke;  from  the  st'Ciuiiig  abseiu'c  of  the  upper 
lip  of  the  corolla.] 

Alxiut  lo  spfiicH,  lUilivcs  of  tlir  Old  Wulld. 

1.    Ajuga  reptans  L.     lUigle. 
(Fig.  3069.) 

AJu,i;a  iifilaiis  I,.  Sp.  IM.  ,s('ii.      175.1. 

rcrenniiil,  ajjariugly  jnibesccut  or  glabrous, 
producinj,'  slender  creeping;  stolons  some- 
times 1"  \nn^\  stem  erect,  rather  stout,  6'~i5' 
tall.  Hasal  leaves  tufled,  obovnte,  rounded 
at  the  apex,  crenatc  or  undulate,  l'-,^'  lonj;, 
tapcrinjj  into  marj^ined  petioles;  leaves  of 
tlie  stem  oblonj;  or  oblanccolate,  much 
smaller,  sessile  or  nearly  so,  those  of  the 
stolons  mostly  petioled;  upper  flower-clus- 
ters, often  forniinj,'  a  short  spike,  the  lower 
commonly  distant  and  axillary;  corolla  blue 
or  nearly  white,  .about  ,'2'  long. 

In  fuliis.  Oiitbtc  iiiul  Maine  to  snutlurn  N'ew 
York,  looiiliy  uaturali/cd  fnmi  liuKipi.  Old 
names,  lirowii  liUKle.  Middle  Cuinfrey,  Carpen 
ter's  Herb,  Sieklewort.     May-June. 

2.    TEUCRIUM  L.  Sp.  PI.  56.-.      1753. 

Herbs  or  shrubs,  %vith  dentate  entire  or  laciniate  leaves,  and  rather  small  pink  white  or 
purplish  flowers,  in  terminal  bracted  spikes  or  he.ids,  or  verticillate  in  the  upper  axils. 
Calyx  tutnilar-campanulate,  lo-nerved,  etpially  or  uue(|nally  5-toothed.  Corolla-tube  short. 
the  limb  irregularly  ,5-lobed,  the  2  short  upper  lobes  oblong,  declined  or  erect,  the  lateral 
lobe  declined,  more  or  less  united  with  the  upper  ones,  the  lower  lobe  broader,  also  declined, 
Stamens  4,  didynamous,  exserted  between  the  2  upper  lobes  of  the  corolla,  the  anterior  pair 
the  longer;  anther-sacs  divergent,  confluent  at  the  l)ase.  f)vary  4-lobed;  style  2-cleft  at  the 
summit.     Nutlets  obovoid,  rugose-reticidated.     [Named  from  the  Trojan  king,  Teucer.] 

Over  HUP  si)eeies,  of  wide  dislribution  in  temperate  and  tropical  regions,  llesidcs  the  follow- 
ing', 2  others  occur  in  the  scutliern  and  soutlnveslern  Cniled  Stales. 

I.   7".  CaiKii/iiisi: 


Calyx  cancsceiit,  its  upper  teeth  obtuse. 
Calyx  villous,  its  upper  leelli  acutisli. 


2.    7'.  miii/fii/a/i: 

I.   Teucrium  Canadense  ly. 

American  C.crinnnder  or  Wood  Sage. 
(Fig.  3070.) 

'/'/•iicriiiin  ('aiiadrnse  I,.  Sp.  I'l.  564.      175.V 
Tiuciium  ri)!:^iiiiiinn  \„  Sp.  I'l.  564.      i75,V 

Perennial,  pubescent  or  canesccnt;  stem 
stiff,  erect,  simple  or  somewhat  branched, 
rather  sleiuler,  i°-2°  tall.  Leaves  lanceolate, 
oblong-lanceolate  or  ovate-lanceolate,  acumi- 
nate at  the  apex,  irregularly  dentate,  tnostly 
narrowed  at  the  base,  short-petiolcd,  !%'-•,' 
long,  Ji'-2'wi<le;  spike  usually  dense,  becom- 
ing 6'- 1 2'  long  in  fruit,  its  lower  bracts  some- 
times foliaceous;  upper  bracts  commonly  not 
longer  than  the  calyx;  flowers  6"-io"  long, 
very  short-pedicelled;  calyx  canesceiit  or 
short  i)ubesccut,  about  3"  long  in  fruit,  its 
three  upper  teeth  obtuse  or  subacute. 

In  moist  thickets  or  alouK  marshes,  New  Ilruns 
wick  to  Ontario  ami  Minnesota,  south  to  I"londa, 
Kansas.  Texas  and  northern  Mexico,     .\seends  ti> 
2600  ft.  in  VirRinia.     June-Sept. 


Vol,.  Ill] 


MINT    I'AMII.Y. 


77 


•w  IJnins- 

I"li>ri(la, 

sceiuls  to 


a.   Teucrium   occidentale   A.  Gray. 

Hairy  (lermaiuler.     {ViK-  3071.) 

'/'run  iiim  initlinhili   A.  driiy,  Svii.  IM.  J   I'.irl  i,  t,\i). 

rtTCMiniHl,  villous  or  jiuln-sccnt;  stem  erect, 
rather  stout,  usiiflUy  inuih  tiniiK-lietl,  i  ,^'  Iiik''. 
the  branches  asceuilitiK.  Ia'hvcs  liinceolate  or 
ovate-l.iuceolate,  tliiii,  acute  or  acimiiuule  at  the 
apex,  sharply  (lelitiitc,  mostly  rouiidcrl  at  the 
liasc,  usually  sletuler-petioled,  I'-.'^'i'  '""(4.  'i'- 
\}i'  wide;  spikes  dense,  hecoiiiinj;  3'-8'  long  in 
fruit;  bracts  lanceolate-subulate  or  the  lower  some- 
times larger;  calyx  and  axis  of  the  spike  villous- 
pul)escent,  the  3  upper  calyx-teeth  acute  or  acutish; 
corolla  i"-'i"  long. 

In  iiinist  sipjl,  Ontario  tueasttiii  rcniisylvania,  Wis- 
iiiiisin.  .Nebraska.  New  Mcxicu  .inil  CiililDiliia.  Appa 
ntitlv  inti  rKi.Kks  with  the  pniciliiiif  specie-..  July- 
Si  pt. 

3.    ISANTHUS  Michx.  Fl.  IJor.  Am.  2:  3.  pi.  jn.       1803. 

An  annual  erect  linely  viscid-pulicscent  much-branched  herb,  with  narrow  entire  or  few- 
toothed  leaves,  and  snnill  blue  flowers  in  loose  axillary  cymes.  Calyx  broadly  canipanulate, 
lo-ncrvcd,  nearly  ccpially  5-t()Otlied,  the  teeth  lanceolate.  Corolla-tube  not  longer  than  the 
calyx,  enlarged  into  the  throat,  the  limb  nearly  e(iually  5-cleft  into  obovate  somewhat  spread- 
ing lobes.  Stamens  .),  didynanious,  incurvcd-ascending,  not  longer  than  the  corolla,  the 
anterior  pair  slightly  the  longer;  anther-sacs  divergent  at  maturity.  Ovary  ilecply  ;-lobed; 
style  minutely  2-clcft  at  the  summit.  Nutlets  rugose-reticulated.  [Greek,  equal-llower,  the 
corolla-lobes  being  nearly  eijual.]  v  ,\  \ 

.\  luondtypic  genus  of  eastern  North  .America  '^' 

I.  Isanthus  brachiatus(L.)  B.S.P. 

False  Pennyroyal.     ( l'"i>(.  ,^1072. ) 

7';  iihosli-ma  l>>,uliiiih(iii  \,.  .Sp.  I'l.  ,iyS.   I7,s,v 
Isiiiilliiis  ciu'i  ulcus  Mieh.x.  1"1.  Ilor.  .\ni.  2:  |. 

/>/.   ,•■>.       1S.,(. 
/.  iiiafhiiiliis  ll.S.r.  I'rel.  Cat.  N.  Y.  tl-     >~^*'^- 

Stem  .slender,  much  branched,  6'-2i>' 
tall,  the  branches  spreading.  Leaves  ob- 
long or  elliptic-lanceolate,  acute  at  each 
end,  entire,  or  with  a  few  sharp  teeth, 
.vnerved,  short-petiolcd,i'-2'  long,  2"-(>" 
wide;  axillary  cymes  l-^-flowcrcd;  pedi- 
cels very  slender,  some  of  them  as  long 
as  the  fruiting  calyx;  calyx-lobes  acute  or 
acuminate,  longer  than  or  ccpialling  the 
tube;  corolla  2"-;s"  'o'lgi  tl"^  fruiting 
caly.x  3"  long. 

In  saiuly  soil,  especially  along  streams, 
Ijuebec  and  ( liUario  to  Minnesota,  south  to 
('■eorgia  and  Texas.     July  .Sept. 

4.    TRICHOSTEMA  1,.  vSp.  PI.  598.       1753. 

■  Annual  or  perennial  erect  branching  herbs,  some  western  species  shrubby,  with  lanceo- 
late oblong  or  linear  entire  or  slightly  repand  leaves.  I'lowers  small,  or  middle-sized,  pink, 
blue,  purple,  or  white,  paniculate,  or  in  axillary  loose  or  dense  cymes.  Calyx  canipanulate, 
very  unetjually  ,s-lobed  in  our  species,  the  lobes  ovate  or  lanceolate.  Corolla-tube  slender, 
exserted  or  included,  the  limb  somewhat  oblique  and  deeply  5-cleft  into  oblong  more  or  less 
declined  segments.  Stamens  4,  didynanious,  ascending,  curved,  the  anterior  pair  the  longer, 
the  .'ilaments  filiform,  spirally  coiled  in  the  hud,  long-exserted;  anther-sacs  divaricate,  more 
or  less  confluent  at  the  base.  Ovary  deeply  4-lobed;  style  2-cleft  at  the  summit.  Nutlets 
oliovoid,  reticulated.     [Greek,  hair-stanicu,  referring  to  the  slender  filaments.] 

About  8  species,  n.atives  of  North  America. 
T<oaves  oblong  or  lanceolate;  plant  minutely  visciclpubesceiit.  i.    7".  dulntloiiiitm. 

Leaves  linear;  plant  puhcrulent  or  glabrous.  2.    7'.  lineare. 


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WEBSTER,  N.Y    14580 

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78 


LABIATAE. 


[Vol.  III. 


I.  Trichostema  dichotomum  L,.  Blue  Curls.  Bastard  Pennyroyal.  (Fig.  3073.) 

Trichoslenia  dichotomum  I,.  Sp.  PI.  598.      1753. 

Aunual,  minutely  viscid- pubescent;  stem  slen- 
der, rather  stiff,  much  branched,  6'-2°  high, 
the  branches  spreading  or  ascending.  Leaves 
oblong  or  obloug-lauccolatc,  membranous,  ob- 
tuse or  subacute  at  the  apex,  narrowed  at  the 
base  into  short  petioles,  I'-j'  long,  2,"-\o"  wide, 
the  upper  gradually  smaller;  flowers  paniculate, 
k"-()"  long,  borne  1-3  together  on  2-bractco- 
late  peduncles;  calyx  oblique,  very  unequally  5- 
lobed,  the  3  upper  loljes  much  longer  and  more 
united  than  the  2  lower  ones;  corolla  blue,  pink 
or  rarely  nearly  white,  the  limb  longer  than  the 
tube;  stamens  blue  or  violet. 

Ill  dry  fiL-lds,  Miiiiic  to  Klcirida,  west  to  Peniisyl- 
vaniii,  Kuntucky  and  Texas,  'flic  Intcral  ilcwer.s  be- 
come invcittd  by  torsion  of  the  podicels.    July-Ocl. 


2.   Trichostema  lineare  Nutt.      Xarrow- 
leaved  Blue  Curls.     (Fig.  3074.) 

T.  bracliialKm  I.ani.  Encycl.  8:  84.      1S08.     Not  L.  1753. 

Triclioslema  lineare  Xutt.  Gen.  2:  39.      1818. 

Puberulent  or  glabrous,  not  viscid  or  scarcely  so; 
stem  very  slender,  at  length  widely  branched,  6'- 

iS'  high,  the  branches  ascending.  Leaves  linear, 
obtuse  or  subacute,  sessile  or  very  sliort-petioled, 
Yz'-'i.'  long,  \"-2"  wide,  sometimes  with  smaller 
ones  or  short  leafy  branches  in  their  axil  ;  flowers 
very  similar  to  those  of  the  preceding  species, 
sometimes  larger. 

In  sandy  fields  and  dry  pine  barrens,  Connecticut  and 
I.oiiK  Island  to  Georgia  and  Louisi.ina,  mostly  near  the 
coast.  Slightly,  but  apparently  constantly  dilTcrent 
from  the  preceding.    July-Aiig. 

5.   SCUTELLARIA  L.  Sp.  PI.  598.  *   1753. 

Annual  or  perennial  bitter  herbs,  some  species  shrubby.  I'lowers  blue  to  violet,  in 
terminal  or  axillary  bracted  mostly  sccund  spike-like  racemes,  or  solitary  or  2-3  together  iu 
t'lc  axils.  Calyx  campanulate,  gibbous,  2-lipped,  the  lips  entire,  the  upper  one  with  a  crest  or 
protuberance  upon  its  back  and  often  deciduous  in  fruit,  the  lower  one  persistent.  Corolla 
much  c.xserted,  recurved-ascending,  dilated  above  into  the  throat,  glabrous  within,  the  limb 
2-lipped;  upper  lip  arched,  entire  or  emarginate;  lower  lip  spreading  or  deflcxed,  its  lateral 
lobes  small  and  somewhat  connected  with  the  upper,  its  middle  lobe  broad,  sometimes  emar- 
ginate, the  margins  mostly  recurved.  Stamens  .|,  didynamous,  all  anther-bearing,  ascending 
under  the  upper  lip,  the  upper  pair  somewhat  the  shorter,  their  anthers  2-celled,  ciliate; 
anthers  of  the  lower  pair  of  stamens  i-celled,  also  ciliate.  Style  uneijnally  2-cleft  at  the 
apex;  ovary  deeply  4-parted.  Nutlets  subglobose  or  depressed,  papillose  or  tuberculatc,  borne 
on  a  short  or  elongated  gynobase.     [Latin,  a  dish,  from  the  appendage  to  the  fruiting  calyx.] 

About  iim  species  of  wide  geographic  distribution.  liesides  tlio  following,  some  11  others  oc- 
cur in  the  southern  and  western  parts  of  North  America,  all  known  as  .Skullcap,  or  Helmet  llower. 

•.\-  Nutlets  wingless,  very  slightly  elevated  on  the  short  gynobase. 

Flowers  3"-,s"  long,  in  axillary  and  sometimes  terminal  racemes.  i.  5.  lalei  ijlora. 
Flowers  6"-is"  long,  in  terminal  often  panicled  racemes. 

riant  glabrous  or  very  nearly  so;  leaves  broad.  2.  5.  seriala. 
Plants  pubescent,  puberulent  or  pilose. 

Leaves  all  except  the  floral  crenatc  or  dentate,  broad. 

Canescent,  not  glandular;  corolla  eanescent.  3.  S.  incnna. 

DLiisely  glandular-pubescent;  corolla  puberulent.  4.  5.  cordifolia. 

Pubescent  below,  glandular  above;  corolla  nearly  glabrous.  ,5.  S.  f>ilosa. 

Leaves  all  except  the  lowest  entire,  narrow.  6.  S.  inlcgrtfolia. 
Flowers  solitary  '  i  the  axils  or  sometimes  also  in  terminal  bracted  racemes. 

Annual,  villous,  branched  from  the  base.  7.  5.  Drutiimondii. 

Perennial  from  a  thick  woody  root.  8.  S.  resinosa. 


liJH, 


Vol.  III.] 


MINT  FAMILY. 


79 


Fibrous-rooted;  perennial  by  rootstocks  or  stolons. 
Mowers  2"-4"  long. 

Plant  glabrous,  or  slightly  pubescent. 
Plant  densely  pubescent  all  over. 
Flowers  8"-iV' long.  .    . 

Minutely  and  densely  glandular-pubescent,  resiniferous. 
Glabrov.j  or  merely  slightly  puberulent. 

I.e.ives  ovate,  slender-petioled,  cordate,  obtuse. 

Leaves  lanceolate  or  ovate-lanceolate,  nearly  sessile,  acute. 


9.  5.  parviila. 
10.  6".  campcstris. 

11.5.  Driltonii. 


-X-  -X- 


12.  5.  saxalilis. 
1,5.  S.  galericulala. 
Nutlets  membranous-winged,  elevated  on  the  slender  gynobase;  flowers  axillary.     \\.  S.  nervosa. 


I.   Scutellaria  lateriflora  L.     Mad-dog 
Skullcap.     (Fig.  3075-) 

Sailellaria  lateriflora  L.  Sp.  PI.  59^.      1753- 

Perennial  by  slender  stolons,  glabrous  through- 
out or  puberulent  above;  stem  slender,  leafy,  erect 
or  asceiuling,  cointnonly  branched,  8'-2°  high. 
Leaves  ovate,  ovate-oblong  or  ovate-lanceolate, 
thin,  slender-petioled,  acute  or  acuminate  at  the 
apex,  coarsely  dentate-serrate,  obtuse,  rounded  or 
subcordate  at  the  base,  l'-3'  long,  the  upper  grad- 
ually sniallcr,  the  uppermost  sometimes  entire; 
racemes  narrow,  secnnd,  axillary  or  often  also  termi- 
nal and  leafy-bracted,  several-niany-flowcred;  flow- 
ers 3'/-5"  long;  calyx  short;  corolla  blue,  varying  to 
nearly  white,  its  lips  about  equal,  one-fifth  as  long 
as  the  tube;  nutlets  borne  on  a  very  short  gynobase. 
In  wet  places,  Newfoundland  to  Ontario  and  British 
Columbia,  south  to  Florida,  New  JNIcxico  and  Washing- 
ton.    July-Sept.     Called  also  JIadweed  or  Hoodwort. 

Scutellaria  serrata  Andr.     Showy  Skullcap.     (Fig.  3076.) 

Sculellaria  serrala  .\ndr.  Bot.  Rep.  />/.  49-f-      I'V)- 
5.  laevigala  Aiken;  Eaton,  Jlan.  Fd.  6,  333.      183,3. 

Perennial,  glabrous,  or  puberulent  above;  stem 
slender,  erect,  simple  or  branched,  i°-2°  high. 
Leaves  ovate  or  elliptic,  slender-petioled,  acute  at 
the  apex,  narrowed,  or  the  lowest  rounded  or  sub- 
cordate  at  the  base,  creuate  or  dentate,  2'-4'  long, 
tlie  uppermost  reduced  to  small  floral  bracts; 
racemes  almost  always  simple  and  ten  inal, 
loosely  flowered,  the  flowers  opposite;  fruiting 
calyx  about  3"  long;  corolla  i'  long,  blue,  min- 
utely puberulent,  its  tube  narrow,  gradually  ex- 
panded above  into  the  throat,  its  rather  narrow 
upper  lip  shorter  than  the  lower;  nutlets  borne  on 
a  short  gynobase. 

In  woods,  southern  New  York  and  Pennsylvania  to 
North  Carolina,  west  to  Illinois  and  Kentucky.  One 
of  the  handsomest  of  the  .\tnerican  species,  .\scends 
to  3000  ft.  in  Virginia.     May-June. 


3.    Scutellaria  incana  Muhl. 
Skullcap.     (Fig.  3077.) 

Seiilellaria  iiuaiia  Muhl.  Cat.  ^Ci.      1S13. 
Siiilellana  laiiescciis  Nutt.  Gen.  2:  3S.      1818, 
5.  .5<v  rrt/a  Spreng.  Syst.  2:  703.     1S2.S.     N 


Downy 


j;!i'A.,dr.  .809.  "(^i^^  ^^W5^ 

Perennial,  finely  and  densely  whitish  downy,  or  \1^!q    •KXX  J\/'^^ 


the  upper  surfaces  of  the  leaves  glabrous;  stem 
rather  strict,  erect,  usually  nmch  branched  above, 
2°-4°  high.  Leaves  ovate,  oval,  or  oblong,  rather 
firm,  slender-petioled,  acute  at  the  apex,  creiiate- 
dcntate,  narrowed,  rounded  or  the  lower  subcor- 
date at  the  base,  ^'--Wi'  long;  racemes  terminal, 
usually  numerous  and  p.micled,  several-many-ilow 
ered;  fruiting  calyx  l,'2'-2'  long;  corolla  i)"-io' 
long,  canescent;  upper  lip  of  the  corolla  slightly 
longer  tlian  the  lower;  gynobase  very  short. 

In  moist  wool's   ;iil    thickets,    Ontario  to  Illinois, 
south  to  Nortli  Carolina  and  Alabama.    June-.\ug. 


LABIATAE. 


[Vol,.  III. 


4.    Scutellaria  cordifolia  Mulil.     Heart- 
leaved  vSkullcap.     (Fig.  3078.) 

.Si  tt/f//a I  ia  cordifolia  Jliihl.  Cat.  56.      181.^. 
Sciilelliii  ia  :■£■/. v/co,'.);- Null.  I'lcn.  2:38.      iSiS. 

I'eremiial,  densely  glaiulular-pubescent;  stem 
erect,  usually  stout,  i°-3°  liiKli,  often  simple. 
I.,eavcs  prominently  veined,  slender-pctioled, 
broadly  ovate,  crenate-dentate  all  around,  2'-^' 
lonff,  all  but  the  uppermost  cordate  at  the  base; 
racemes  terminal,  narrow,  solitary  or  panicled; 
bracts  ovate,  mostly  entire,  commonly  longer  than 
the  pedicels;  fruiting  calyx  nearly  ^"  long;  cor- 
olla puberulent,  io"-i2"  long,  blue  with  the 
lower  side  lighter  or  white,  its  tube  narrow,  its 
throat  moderately  dilated,  its  lateral  lobes  about 
as  long  as  the  upper  lip;  gynobase  short, 

In  woods  and  tliickitu,  especially  along  streams, 
Pinnsylvania  to  I'lorida,  west  to  Wisconsin,  .Arkansas 
and  Texas.    June-.\up. 


5.    Scutellaria  pilosa  Michx. 


Sciilcllaria  pilosa  Michx.  Fl.  Bor.  Am.  2: 11.     1803. 
Sculella)  ia  oralifolia  Pers.  Syn.  2:  136.      1S07. 

Perennial,  stem  slender,  simple  or  branched, 
hairy  or  downy  below,  glaudular-pubesceut 
above,  i°-2j4°  high.  Leaves  ovate,  oval,  or 
oblong,  petiolcd,  obtuse,  or  the  upper  subacute 
at  the  apex,  crcnate,  i'-3'  long,  narrowed  or 
rounded  at  the  base  or  the  lower  subcordate; 
racemes  terminal,  solitary  or  panicled,  some- 
times also  in  the  upper  axils;  bracts  oblong  or 
spatulate,  entire,  longer  than  the  pedicels; 
fruiting  calyx  about  3"  long;  corolla  blue,  6"- 
S"  long,  minutely  puberulent  or  glabrous,  its 
lower  lip  and  lateral  lobes  somewhat  shorter  [Na- 
than the  arched  upper  one;  gynobase  short. 

In  dry  sandy  woods  and  thickets,  southern  New 
York  and  Pennsylvania  to  Michigan,  Florida  and 
Texas.  Ascends  to  4(xjo  ft.  in  North  Carolina. 
May-July. 

Scutellaria  pilosa  hirsuta  (Short)  .\.  Gray,  Syn.  Fl. 

2:  Part  I,  ,S79.      1S78. 
5.  hirsula  Short,  Transyl.  Journ.  Med.  8: 5S2.    1836. 
Stouter,    sometimes'  3°   hiirli,   hirsute;    leaves 
larger,  coarsely  crenate.    Virginia  and  Kentucky. 


Hairy  Skullcap.     (Fig.  3079.) 


6.    Scutellaria  integrifolia  L,.     Larger 
or  Hyssop  Skullcap.     (Fig.  3080.) 

Sculcllaiia  inleffrifolia  I,.  Sp.  PI.  ,S9<>      i75.^. 
Sculellaiia  hyxsopi/olia  I,.  Sp.  PI.  599.      175,3. 

Perennial,  hoary  with  a  minute  down;  stem 
slender,  erect,  rather  strict,  simple  or  branched, 
6'-2°  high.  Leaves  thin,  linear  to  oblong,  pct- 
ioled,  or  the  upper  sessile,  obtuse  at  the  apex, 
entire,  i''-2''  long,  2"-(>"  wide,  or  the  lower 
ovate,  lanceolate  or  nearly  orbicular,  ohtnse  and 
sometimes  subcordate  at  the  base,  often  crenate- 
dentate  or  incised;  racemes  solitary  or  several, 
terminal;  bracts  Hnear-oldong,  subacute,  longer 
than  the  pedicels;  fruiting  calyx  2"-3"  long; 
corolla  blue  or  whitish  underneath,  k/'-is" 
long,  its  large  lips  nearly  etjual;  gynobase  short. 

In  fields,  woods  and  thickets,  Connecticut  and 
Rhode  Island  to  West  Virifinia,  south  to  Florida, 
Louisiana  and  Texas.     Variable.     May-Aug. 


Vot.  III.]  MINT   FAMILY. 

7.     Scutellaria    Drummondii    Benth. 
Drunimond's  Skullcap.    (Fig.  308 1 . ) 

Sdilfllaria   Dnnnmondii  lUiitli.   I.ab.  Gen.   & 
Sp.  441.      iH\- 

Annual,  or  perhaps  biennial,  from  a  rather 
deep  straight  root,  villous-pubcrulent  or  pu- 
bescent, the  branches  3'-.S'  long.  Leaves 
ovate,  oblong,  or  obovatc,  entire,  or  the  lower 
sparingly  crenulate,  4"-l2"  long,  obtuse  or 
acutish,  narrowed  at  the  base,  the  upper  ses- 
sile, the  lower  petioleil,  the  uppermost  gradu- 
ally smaller;  flowers  solitary  iu  the  axils, 
short-peduncled ;  fruiting  calyx  about  2"  long; 
corolla  blue,  or  the  tube  nearly  white,  A"-S" 
long,  pubescent,  the  lower  lip  violet,  spotted, 
longer  than  the  upper;  gynobase  short. 

Kansas  (according  to  Smyth),  Texas  and  Mex- 
ico.    April-June. 


81 


8.    Scutellaria  resinosa  Torr.      Resin- 
ous Skullcap.     (Fig.  3o><2.) 

Sctilellaria  rcsiiwsa  Torr.  Ann.  Lye.  N.  Y.  2:  232. 

1S27. 
Sciilellaria  U'lighlii  A.  Gray,  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  8: 

370.      1S72. 

I'erennial  from  a  thick  woody  root,  minutely 
canescent  or  puberulent  and  usually  resiniferous; 
stems  rather  slender,  rigid,  tufted,  leafy,  ascend- 
ing, 6'-io'  high.  Leaves  ovate,  oval,  or  oblong, 
sessile,  or  the  lower  short-pctioled,  entire,  obtuse 
at  the  apex,  mostly  narrowed  at  the  base,  3"-6" 
long;  flowers  solitary  iu  the  axils;  fruiting  calyx 
nearly  3"  long;  corolla  violet  or  nearly  white, 
very  pubescent,  6"-8"  long,  its  tube  narrow  and 
lips  nearly  equal;  gynobase  short. 

On  dry  plains,  Nebraska  and  Kansas  to  Texas. 
May~.\uK. 


9,    Scutellaria    parvula    Michx. 
Small  Skullcap.     (Fig.  3083.) 

Sciilellaiia  parvula  Michx,  Fl.  Hor.  Am.  2:  11. 

I."vi3. 
Sciilellaria  ambigua  Null.  Gen.  2:  37.      iSiS. 

Glabrous,  or  sparingly  puberulent,  some- 
tijies  slightly  glandular,  perennial  by  slen- 
der tuberous-thickened  rootstocks;  stems 
erect  or  ascending,  very  slender,  usually 
branched,  3'-! 2'  tall.  Leaves  ovate,  oval  or 
lanceolate,  or  the  lower  nearly  orbicular,  en- 
tire and  sessile,  or  the  lower  sparingly  den- 
tate and  petiolcd,  3'''-i2"  long;  flowers  soli- 
tary in  the  axils;  fruiting  calyx  about  2" 
long;  corolla  2"-4"  long,  violet,  pubescent; 
gynobase  short. 

In  moist  sandy  soil,  Quebec  to  Ontario  and 
Minnesota,  south  to  New  Jersey,  Florida,  Ne 
braska  and  Texas.    April-July. 


82 


l.AHIATAE. 


[Vol..  III. 


10.   Scutellaria  campestris  Brittou. 
Prairie  Skullcap.     (Fig.  3084.) 

Sculfllaria  parx'iila  var.  mollis  A.  Gray,  Syii.  Fl.  2: 
I'art  I,  ,^Si).      i,S7,S.     Not  S.  mollis  R.  Hr. 

Scutellaria  campestris  Britlon,  JIciii.  Torr.  Club,  5: 

I'ubescent,  often  densely  .so,  perennial  by 
tuberous  thickened  rootstocks.  Stetns  difTusc, 
or  ascending,  branched,  4'-! 2'  long,  rather 
stouter  than  those  of  the  preceding  species. 
Leaves  ovate,  or  the  lower  almost  orbicul.ir,  en- 
tire, or  dentate,  5'''-i()"  long,  obtuse  at  the 
apex,  rounded  or  truncate  at  the  base,  the  lower 
sliort-pctioled,  the  upper  sessile;  flowers  solitary 
in  the  axils;  corolla  3"-5"  long,  violet  or  pur- 
ple, pubescent;  gynobase  short. 

In  dry  sandy  or  gravelly  soil,  North  Carolina  to- 
Illinois,  Iowa  and  the  Indian  Territory.    April-July. 


II.    Scutellaria    Brittdnii    Porter. 
Britton's  Skullcap.     (  Fig.  30S5 . ) 

Scutellaria   resinosa  A.  (Jray,  Syn.  Fl.  2:  Part  i, 

381.      iS;y.     Not  Torr.  1S27. 
Scutellaria   Ilrittonii  Porter,  Hull.  Torr.  Club,  21: 

177.      1S94. 

Perennial  by  tuberous-thickened  rootstocks, 

viscidly   glandular,   pubescent    or    puljcrulcnt, 

branched  from  the  base;  stems  erect,  4'-S'  high, 

leafy.     Leaves  oblong  or  oval,  sessile  and  entire 

or  the  lowest  short-pctiolcd  and  slightly  crenu- 

latc,   obtuse  at  the  apex,   rather  prominently 

veined  on  the  lower  surface,  6''''-i2"  long,  the 

upper  scarcely  .smaller;  flowers  solitary  in  the 

axils;   pedicels  mostly  shorter  llian  the  calyx; 

corolla  pubescent,  blue,  lo'^-ia"  long,  the  tube 

narrow  below,  enlarged  above  into  the  throat; 

gynobase  short. 

Nebraska  (accordinjr  to  Coulter),  Colorado  and 
Wyoming.     June-July. 


12.    Scutellaria  saxatilis  Riddell. 
Rock  Skullcap.     (Fig.  3086.) 

Siiitellaria  sa.ratitis  Riddv.ll,  Suppl.   Cat.   PI. 
Ohio,  11.      1S36. 

Perennial  by  filiform  stolons,  glabratc  or 

sparingly  pubcrulent;  stem  slender,  weak, 

ascending  or  reclining,  simple  or  branched, 

6'- 1 2'  long.     Leaves  ovate,  slender-petioled, 

thin,  coarsely  crenate,  obtuse  at  the  apex, 

cordate  at  the  base,  i'-2'  long,  or  the  lower 

nearly  orbicular,  and  the  upper  lanceolate, 

subacute  and  entire;  flowers  solitary  in  the 

upper  axils,  or  clustered  in  a  terminal  leafy- 

bracted  loose  raceme;  bracts  longer  than  the 

pedicels;  fruiting  calyx  about  2"  long;  corolla 

light    blue,    very   nearly   glabrous,    8"- 10" 

long;  gynobase  short. 

On  moist  banks  and  in  thickets,  ndaware  to 
southern  Virginia,  west  to  Ohio  and  Tennesspf 
Asi;cnds  to  ^000  ft.  in  Virginia.     May -July. 


-A,- 


1 


Vol.  III.] 


MINT  I'AMILY. 


83 


13.   Scutellaria  galericul^ta  L. 

Hooded  Willow-herb,     Marsh  Skullcap. 
(Fig.  3087.) 

Scutellaria  galiticulala  I,.  Sp.  PI.  599.      1753. 

Perennial  by  filiform  stolons,  not  tuber- 
bearing,  puberulcnt  or  pubescent;  stem  erect, 
usually  branched,  i°-3°hiKli.  Leavesobloug- 
lauceolatc  to  ovate-oblong, thin, sliort-petioled, 
or  the  upper  sessile,  acute  at  the  apex,  dentate 
with  low  teeth  or  the  upper  entire,  subcordate 
or  rounded  at  the  base,  i'-2>^'  long,  the  up- 
permost usually  uuich  smaller  and  bract-like; 
flowers  solitary  in  the  axils;  peduncles  shorter 
than  the  calyx;  corolla  blue,  pubcrulent, 
nearly  or  cjuitc  i'  long,  with  a  slender  tube 
and  slightly  enlarged  throat;  gynobase  short. 

In  sw.iiiiiii  and  alonp  streams,  Newfoundland 
to  Alaska,  south  to  New  Jersey,  the  mountains  of 
North  Carolina.  Ohio,  Nebraska,  Arizona  and 
Washinifton.  Also  in  Uurope  and  Asia.  June-Sept. 


14.    Scutellaria  nervdsa  Pursh.     Veined  Skullcap.     (Fig.  3088.) 

Sculellaiia  nervosa  Pursh,  I'l.  .\m.  Sept.  412. 

1814. 
Scutellaria   teucrii/olia  J.   ]•;.  Smilli  in  Rees' 

Cycl.  32:  no.  15.      iSif). 

Perennial  by  filiform  stolons;  stem  glabrous 
or  sparingly  pubescent,  erect,  slender,  simple 
or  sometimes  branched,  8'-2°  high.  Leaves 
thin,  glabrous,  or  sometimes  decidedly  pu- 
bescent, the  lower  slcnder-pettoled,  nearly 
orbicular,  crenate,  often  subcordate  at  the 
base,  the  middle  ones  larger,  ovate,  i''-2' 
long,  sessile  or  nearly  so,  obtuse  or  acute, 
coarsely  dentate  or  crenate,  the  upper  lan- 
ceolate or  ovate-lanceolate,  acute,  commonly 
entire;  flowers  solitary  in  the  axils;  fruiting 
calyx  about  2"  long;  corolla  blue,  ■\"-$" 
long,  puberulent,  the  lower  lip  longer  than 
the  concave  upper  one;  nutlets  membranous- 
winged,  borne  on  a  slender  gynobase. 

In  moist  woods  and  thickets.  New  York  and 
New  Jersey  to  Illinois,  south  to  North  Carolina 
and  jilissouri.  Ascends  to  3000  ft.  in  Virginia. 
May-.\UK. 


6.    MARRUBIUM  L.  Sp.  PI.  582.       1753. 

Perennial  brandling  niostlj'  woolly  herbs,  with  petiolcd  dentate  rugose  leaves,  and 
small  white  or  purplish  flowers  in  dense  axillary  clusters.  Calyx  tubular,  5-10-nerved, 
regularly  5-i(itootlied,  the  teeth  nearly  equal,  or  the  alternate  ones  shorter,  acute  or  aristate, 
spreading  or  recurved  in  fruit.  Corolla-limb  2-lipped,  the  upper  lip  erect,  entire  or  emar- 
ginate,  the  lower  spreading,  3-cleft,  its  broader  middle  lobe  commonly  emarginate.  Stamens 
4,  didynamous,  included,  the  posterior  pair  the  shorter;  anthers  2-celled,  the  sacs  divergent. 
Style  2-cleft  at  the  summit,  the  lobes  short.  t)vary  deeply  4-lobed.  Nutlets  ovoid,  smooth. 
[Name  Middle  Latin,  its  meaning  uncertain.] 

About  40  species,  natives  of  the  Old  World. 


84 


I.AHIATAJv 


[Vol..  lil. 


I.   Marrubium  vulgare  L.     White 
Hoarhound.     (I'ig.  3089.) 

^fai  inhium  :ulga>e  I,.  Sp.  I'l   .s^.v      175,^ 

Stem  erect,  stout,  woolly,  especially  be- 
low, i°-3°  high,  the  branches  ascending. 
Leaves  oval,  broadly  ovale  or  nearly  orbicu- 
lar, rugose-veined,  obtuse  at  the  ape.s,  cren- 
atc-dciitate,  rounded,  narrowed  or  subcor- 
daic  at  the  base,  I'-i'  long,  rough,  whitish 
above,  woolly  beneath;  petioles  \i'-\'  long, 
usually  exceeding  the  flowers;  clusters  all  ax- 
illary, densely  many-flowered;  flowers  whit- 
ish; calyx-teeth  usually  10,  subulate,  more  or 
less  recurved,  glabrous  above,  woolly  below. 

Ill  waste  places,  Maine  and  ( iiitario  to  Minne- 
sota and  I'.ritisli  Cohinibia,  North  Carolina,  Ten 
iiessee,  Texas  and  Mexico.  Naturalized  from 
ICurope.  Native  also  of  Asia.  Old  naines, 
Iloundbene,  Marrube,  Marvel. 


AGASTACHE  Clayt. ;  Gron.  Fl.  Virg.  88.      1762. 
[Vi.i:cKi.\  Raf.  Med.  Rep.  HI.)  5:  30S.      180S.] 
[Loi'ii.\NTiirs  Rcnth.  IJot.  Reg.  15:  under />/.  uSj.     1S29.      Not  Adans.  1763.] 
Tall  erect  perennial  herbs,  with  .serrate,  mainly  ovate,  petiolcd  leaves,  an<l  yellowish  pur- 
plish or  blue  flowers,  verticillate-clustered  in  thick  dense  or  interrupted  bracted  terminal 
spikes.     Calyx  narrowly  campanulate,  somewhat  oblique,  slightly  2-lipped,  5-toothed,  the 
teeth  of  the  upper  lip  somewhat  larger  than  those  of  the  lower,  or  all  about  erjual.     Corolla 
strongly  2-lipped,  the  tube  as  long  as  the  calyx;  upper  lip  erect,  2-lobed;  lower  lip  spreading, 
3-lobcd,  its  tniddle  lobe  broader  than  the  lateral  ones  and  crenulatc.     Stamens  4,  all  anther- 
bearing,  didynamous,  the  upper  pair  the  longer;  anthers  2-celled,  their  sacs  nearly  parallel. 
Ovary  deeply  4-parted;  style  2-cleft  at  the  summit.     Nutlets  ovoid,  smooth.     [Greek,  many 
spikes.] 

About  4  species,  natives  of  North  .\tnerica.     Hesides  the  following,  another  occurs  in  the  western 
part  of  the  I'nited  States. 

Glabrous  or  very  nearly  so,  stout;  corolla  greenish  yellow.  i.  A.  tiepeloidrs. 

Pubescent,  stout;  corolla  purplisli;  leaves  green  both  sides.  2.  A.  scroplnilariaefolia. 

Glabrousor  slightly  pubescent,  slender;  corolla  blue;  leaves  pale  beneath.  3.  A.  anclliiodora. 

I.     Agastache     nepetoides    (L.) 

Kuntze.     Catnep  Giant-Hyssop. 

(Fig.  3090.) 

Ilyssopiis  nepcloide-i  I,.  Sp.  I'l.  569.      i7,i.S. 
Lofthanllitis    »ef>cloides    lientli.     Hot.     Reg. 

under  /'/.  12S:;.       1S29. 
Meckia  nefeloidc%  Kaf.  Fl.  Tell.  3;  89.      1836. 
A.  nepeloides  Kuntze,  Rev.  Gen.  PI.  511.    1891. 

Glabrous,  or  slightly  puberulent;  stem 
stout,  2°-5°  high,  branched,  at  least  above. 
Leaves  ovate  or  ovate-oblong,  acuminate  or 
acute  at  the  apex,  rounded,  cordate  or  the 
upper  narrowed  at  the  base,  mostly  thin, 
coarsely  dentate,  2'-6'  long;  spikes  3'-i8' 
long,  usually  very  dense;  petioles  of  the 
lowest  leaves  often  2'  long;  bracts  ovate, 
acute  or  acuminate;  calyx-teeth  oblong  or 
ovate-oblong,  obtuse  or  subacute,  some- 
times purplish;  corolla  greenish  yellow, 
about  4"  long,  scarcely  exceeding  the 
calyx. 

In  woods  and  thickets,  Vermont  and  On- 
tario to  Wisconsin,  south  to  Georgia  and 
Kentucky.    July-Sept. 


^Tt 


Vol..  III. J 


MINT   I'AMII.V. 


X.S 


2.   Agastache  scrophulariaefolia 

(WilUl. )  Kutitzc     I-'igwort  Giant- 
Hyssop.     (  Fig.  3091.) 

//fs.;o/>u\  striifilinliiriarfiilius  Willd.  Sp.  I'l. 

3:  .|S.       180T. 
Li<l^lianlliu% scrofilinlariar/itliiis  lU nth.  Hot. 

Kt(t.   undir  />/.  1."'-'.      iSjo. 
I'hikia  SI  Kifilnilanai/'i'lia  K:if.  I'M.  Tell.  ,v 

Ai;asliiclie  st  rdftliiilai  iaf/olia  Kiintzc,  Kev. 

C'leti.  I'l.  511.      iNji. 

Similar  to  the  prccediiifj  species,  but 
commonly  taller,  the  stem,  petioles  and 
lower  surfaces  of  the  leaves  more  or  less 
pubescent.  I.,eaves  nearly  identical  with 
those  of  /'.  iifpiioiilc!  in  size  anil  outline; 
spike  sometimes  interrupted,  ;,'-iS'  lon^l 
bracts  broadly  ovate,  abruptly  .icuminate; 
calyx-teeth  lanceolate  or  ovatc-lanccolate, 
very  acute  or  sometimes  acuminate,  whit- 
ish or  purplish;  corolla  purplish,  5" -6" 
long,  considerably  exceeding  the  calyx. 

In  woods  and  tliickits.  Coiiniclicut  to 
Wisconsin,  south  to  North  C.nolina  and 
Kentucky.    I'lant  strong  scented.     July-Oet. 

3.   Agastache  anethiodora 

(Nutt.)   Britton.     Fragrant  Giaiit- 
Hy.ssop.     (Fig.  3092.) 

ffyssofjusaurlliiodoriisXwn.  Kras.  Cat.  iSr^. 
//vssoptis  atlisaliis  Nult.  Cien.  a:  27.      1S18. 
Lofihanlhtis    anisaliis      Henlli.     Bot.     Kej^. 

under  /.  12SJ       1S29. 
VIeckia  anisala  Raf.  Kl.  Tell.  3;  89.      |S^6. 
yieckia   anelhiodora    Greene,    Mem.   Torr. 

Club,  5,  282.      i«94. 

Glabrous,  or  minutely  puberulent;  stem 
rather  slender,  leafy,  usually  branched, 
2°-^°  high.  Leaves  ovate  or  triangular- 
ovate,  firm,  mostly  short-pctioted,  acute 
or  acuminate  at  the  apex,  truncate,  ob- 
tuse or  sometimes  subcordate  at  the  base, 
sharply  serrate,  green  above,  pale  and 
appearing  glaucous  lieneath,  2'-^  lo"gi 
anise-scented;  spikes  dense  or  interrupted, 
seldom  6'  long;  bracts  broadly  ovate, 
abruptly  acuminate;  calyx-teeth  ovate  to 
lanceolate,  acute,  purple;  corolla  blue,  4"- 
5"  long,  somewhat  exceeding  the  calyx. 

On  prairies  and  plains,  Minnesota  to  the 
Northwest  Territory,  south  to  Illinois  and 
Nebraska.    July-Sept. 

8.    MEEHANIA  Britton,  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  21:  32.      1894. 

A  low  pubescent  spreading  or  decumbent  herb,  with  long-petioled  cordate  leaves,  trail- 
ing leafy  stolons,  and  large  blue  flowers  in  terminal  sccund  bracted  spikes.  Calyx  campau- 
ulale,  I5nerved,  slightly  2-lipped,  its  teeth  all  lanceolate,  acute,  the  3  upper  longer  than  the 
2  lower.  Corolla  much  exscrted,  puberulent  without,  pubescent  within,  the  tube  narrow  at 
the  base,  gradually  widely  amplia'.e  into  the  throat,  the  limb  2-lipped;  upper  lip  2-lobed, 
arched,  the  lobes  ovate,  obtuse;  lower  lip  about  equalling  the  upper,  spreading,  3-lobed,  the 
middle  lobe  emarginate,  broader  than  the  lateral  ones.  Stamens  4,  didynamous,  all  anther- 
bearing,  included,  ascending  under  the  upper  lip,  the  upper  pair  longer  than  the  lower; 
anthers  2-celled,  the  sacs  nearly  parallel.  Ovary  deeply  4-lobed;  style  ctiually  2-cleft  at  the 
summit.  Nutlets  oblong,  smooth.  [Named  for  Thomas  Mcehan,  of  Philadelphia,  botanist 
and  horticulturist] 

A  nionotypic  genus  of  eastern  North  America. 


— — ■ — 


86 


LAUIATAi:. 


[Vol.  III. 


X.  Meehania  cordata  (Nutt.)  Britton. 
Meehania.     (I'ig.  3093.) 

PiiKinrf^liiiliini  cm  ilahiin  Nutt.  Oeii.  J;  t,s.     iSiS. 
I'l'iliiiiii-tla  (III data  Ik'iitli.  I.iili.  5112.       iS((, 
Meehania  eoidala  Ilritloii,  Hull.  Torr.  Club,  Ji: 

l''loweriiig  stems  ascending,  .^'-S'  high; 
stolons  very  slender,  leafy  tlironghout,  aonie- 
tinics  a°  long.  Leaves  all  broadly  ovate  or 
ovate-orbicular,  thin,  obtuse  or  sul)aoute  at  the 
apex,  crenate  all  around,  cordate  at  the  base, 
sparingly  pubescent  with  scattered  hairs  on 
both  surfiices,  or  nearly  glabrous  beneath, 
green  on  both  sides,  i'-2'  long,  the  basal  sinus 
broad;  spikes  \'-.\'  long;  bracts  ovate  or  ob- 
long, acute,  nienibranous,  the  lower  sometimes 
crenulate  and  surpassing  the  calyx;  bractlets 
small,  lanceolate;  calyx  about  5"  long,  puber- 
ulent,  its  longer  teeth  about  one-half  the 
length  of  the  tube;  corolla  I'-i '+'  long,  showy. 

In  rich  moist  woods  and  thickets,  soutliwestcrn 
Peinisylvania  to  Tennessee  and  North  Carolina. 
May-July. 

9.    NEPETA  L.  Sp.  PI.  570.      1753. 

Herbs,  with  dentate  or  incised  leaves,  and  mostly  white  or  blue  rather  small  flowers  in 
verticiltate  clusters,  usually  crowded  in  tcrmiuHl  spikes,  or  axillary  and  cyniose.  Calyx 
tubular,  somewhat  obliciue  at  the  moutli,  i,s-iicrved,  usually  incurved,  5-toothed,  scarcely 
2-lipped,  but  the  upper  teeth  usually  longer  than  the  lower.  Corolla-tube  enlarged  above, 
the  limb  strongly  2-lippcd;  upper  lip  erect,  entire,  cmarginate  or  2-lobed;  lower  lip  spread- 
iiK.  3-lobed,  the  middle  lobe  larger  than  the  lateral  ones.  vStameus  4,  all  anther  hearing, 
didynamous,  ascending  under  the  upper  lip,  the  lower  pair  the  shorter;  anthers  2-celled,  the 
sics  divaricate.  Ovary  deeply  4-parted;  style  2-cleft  at  the  summit  Nutlets  ovoid,  com- 
pressed, smooth.     [Ancient  Latin  name  of  catnep.] 

About  150  species,  natives  of  ICurope  and  Asia. 

I.  Nepeta  Catena  L.     Catmint.     Cat- 
nep.    Nep.     (Fig.  3094.) 

Nepeta  Calaria  L.  Sp.  PI.  570.      i;,i3. 

Perennial,  densely  tomentulose-canescent, 
pale  green;  stem  rather  stout,  erect,  branched, 
2°-3°  high,  thr  branches  straight,  ascending. 
Leaves  ovate  ic  oblong,  petioled,  acute  at  the 
apex,  coarsely  crenatc-dentate,  mostly  cordate 
at  the  base,  i  '-3'  long,  greener  above  than  be- 
neath; flower-clusters  spiked  at  the  ends  of  the 
stem  and  branches,  the  spikes  I'-s'  long;  bracts 
small,  foliaccous;  bractlets  subulate;  calyx 
densely  pubcrulent,  its  teeth  subulate,  the  upper 
about  one-half  the  length  of  the  tube;  corolla 
nearly  white,  or  pale  purple,  dark-dotted,  puber- 
ulent  without,  s"-(i"  long,  its  tube  a  little 
longer  than  the  calyx,  the  broad  middle  lobe  of 
its  lower  lip  crenulate. 

In  waste  places.  New  Brunswick  and  Quebec  to 
Minnesota,  south  to  Virf;iniaand  Kansas.  Natural- 
ized from  Kurope.     Native  also  of  Asia.     July-Nov. 

10.  GLECOMA  Iv.  Sp.  PI.  578.  1753. 
Low  diffuse  creeping  herbs,  with  long-petioled  nearly  orbicular  or  rentform  crenate 
leaves,  and  rather  large  blue  or  violet  flowers  in  small  axillary  verticillate  clusters.  Calyx 
oblong-tubular,  15-nerved,  oblique  at  the  throat,  not  2-lipped,  unequally  5-toothed.  Cor- 
olla-tube exserted,  enlarged  above,  the  limb  2-lipped;  upper  lip  erect,  2-lobed  or  emarginate; 
the  lower  lip  spreading,  3-lobe<l,  the  middle  lobe  broad,  emarginate,  the  side  lobes  small. 
Stamens  4,  didynamous,  all  anther-bearing,  ascending  under  the  upper  lip  of  the  corolla, 


iiL 


Vol..  III.] 


JIINV    I'WMII.Y. 


87 


Ovary  deeply  4parte(l. 


not  exserted,  the  upper  pair   the  louder;   aiithcr-sacsi  divergent. 
Nutlets  ovoid,  sniootli.     [Cireek  iiiiinc  for  tliynie,  or  pennyroyal.] 
About  fi  species  iif  I';ur(>l)t'  and  Asia. 

1.  Glecoma  hederacea  !<,  Ground 

Ivy.      Ciill-over-thtj-Groiincl. 

Field  Halm.     (Fig.  3095.) 

CtefDina  liedeiocea  I,.  Si).  I'l.  578.  I7.s,v 
y.aieclioina  Hcntli.  I.ab.l'.eii.iS:  ,Sp.  4S5.  \>>.t,\. 
.v.  h,-(t,ia<tii  D.S.I'.  \'xv\.  Cat.  N.  Y.  |,v  i-^SS. 
Perennial,  pul)rsccnt,tlie  crecpinj;  stems 
leafy,  sometimes  iH'  louf;.  the  branch- 
es ascending.  Lower  petioles  commonly 
longer  than  the  leaves;  leaves  green  both 
sides,  Yz'-iYt'  in  diameter;  clusters  few- 
flowered,  the  flowers  ~i"-\o"  long,  short- 
pedicclled;  bractlets  subulate,  shorter  than 
the  calyx;  calyx  puberulent,  its  teeth 
acute  or  lanccolateacuminatc,  about  one- 
third  as  long  as  the  tube;  corolla-tube  2-,^ 
times  as  long  as  the  calyx;  upper  pair  of 
stamens  much  longer  than  the  lower. 

In  waste  places,  woods  and  thickets,  New- 
foundliuid  to  Ontario  and  Mitniesota,  soulli 
to  Ceortfia  and  Kansas.  Old  names,  .Me- 
hoof,  Cats-foot,  {'.ill,  Gill-ale,  Cill-go  by-tlie- 
ground,  Hayliofe,  Hayniaids,  Hove,  Tun- 
hoof,  Creepintf  Charlie.     March-May. 

II.  DRACOCEPHALUM  L.  Sp.  PI.  594.  1753. 
Perennial  herbs,  with  dentate  entire  or  incised  leaves,  and  blue  or  purple  flowers  in 
axillary  and  terminal  bracted  clusters,  the  bracts  pectinate  in  our  species.  Calyx  tubular, 
15-nerved,  straight  or  incurved,  5-toothed,  the  upper  tooth  much  larger  than  the  others,  or 
2-lipped  with  the  3  upper  teeth  more  or  less  united.  Corolla  expanded  above,  its  limb 
2-lippcd;  upper  lip  erect,  cmarginate;  lower  lip  spreading,  3-lobed,  the  middle  lobe  larger 
than  the  lateral  ones,  sometimes  2-cleft.  Stamens  4,  didynamous,  ascending  under  the  upper 
lip,  the  upper  pair  longer  than  the  lower;  anthers  2-cclled,  the  sacs  divaricate;  style  2-clcfl 
at  the  summit;  ovary  deeply  4-parted.     Nutlets  ovoid,  smooth.     [Greek,  dragon-head.] 

About  35  species,  natives  of  the  northern  hemisphere.     Only  the  following  are  known  in  North 
America. 

Corolla  scarcely  exceeding  Hie  calyx;  clusters  mostly  terminal,  dense 
Corolla  2-3  times  as  long  as  the  caiyx;  clusters  mostly  axillary. 


1.  D.  parz'iflorum. 

2.  D.  .Ifolilavica. 


I.    Dracocephalum   parvifldrum 

Nutt.    American  Dragon-head. 
(Fig.  3096.) 
IJ.  parviflorum  Nutt.  C.en.  2:  .-^s.      1818. 

.Vnnual  or  biennial,  somewhat  pubes- 
cent, or  glabrous;  stem  rather  .stout,  usu- 
ally branched,  6'-2°  high.  Leaves  lan- 
ceolate, ovate,  or  oblong,  slender  petiolcd, 
serrate,  or  the  lower  incised,  acute  or  ob- 
tuse at  the  apex,  rounded  or  narrowed  at 
the  base,  thin,  I'-xf  long;  clusters  dense, 
many-flowered,  crowded  indense  terminal 
spikes,  and  sometimes  also  in  the  upper 
axils;  bracts  ovate  to  oblong,  pectinate 
with  awn-pointed  teeth,  shorter  than  or 
equalling  the  calyx;  pedicels  \"-2"  long; 
upper  tooth  of  the  calyx  ovate-oblong, 
longer  than  the  narrower  lower  and  lateral 
ones,  all  acuminate;  corolla  light  blue, 
scarcely  longer  than  the  calyx. 

In  dry  gravelly  or  rocky  soil,  northern 
New  York  and  Ontario  to  Minnesota  and 
Alaska,  south  in  the  Rocky  Mountains  to 
Arizona  and  New  Mexico.     May-Aug. 


.UIATAK. 


[Vol,,  in. 

2.  Dracocephalum  Moldavica 

L.     Moldavian  nraj^on-hcad. 
{V\g.  3097. ) 

/hdicrr/i/ia/iiiii  ,lAi/(/(/,'/V.;  f,  Sp.  I'l.siiS. 

Annual,  pubcriilciit;  stem  crcrt, 
iisuiilly  widely  linmclied,  l°-2  'i°  liiK'i. 
Lcavts  ol)loiij»  or  linear-olilonj;,  di'n- 
tntf  i)r  somewhat  incisfd,  obtuse  at  the 
aj)ex,  usually  narrowed  at  tbe  liase, 
I '-2'  lou),',  2"-6''' wide;  clusters  loose, 
ffw-nowcred,  eommoiily  numerous, 
mostly  axillary;  bracts  narrowly  ob- 
long, usually  shorter  than  the  calyx, 
deeply  pectinate  with  aristatc  teeth; 
pedicels  2"-\"  lon^;  calyx  slightly 
curved,  the '2  lower  teeth  somewhat 
shorter  than  the  ,^  broader  cijual  upper 
cues;  corolla  2-,^  times  as  long  as  the 
calyx. 

Ill  a  canon  noar  Spring  View,  Neb. 
Also  in  northern  ^kxico.  Inlroduct.il 
from  eiiitral  l^nropc.     June  .Vu(f. 


12.    PRUNELLA  L.  Sp.  PI.  600.       1753. 

rerennial  simple  or  sometimes  branched  herbs,  with  petioled  leaves,  and  rather  small  clus- 
tered purple  or  white  flowers,  in  terminal  and  sometimes  also  axillary  dense  bracted  spikes 
or  heads.  Calyx  oblong,  reticulate-veined,  about  lo-nerved,  deeply  2-lipped,  closed  in  fruit; 
upper  lip  nearly  truncate,  or  with  3  short  teeth  j  lower  lip  2cleft.  its  teeth  lanceolate.  Corolla- 
tube  inflated,  slightly  narrowed  at  the  mouth,  its  limb  strongly  2lippcd;  upper  lip  entire, 
arched;  lower  lip  spreading,  3-lobed.  Stamens  4,  didynamous,  ascending  under  the  upper 
lip  of  the  corolla,  the  lower  pair  the  longer;  filaments  of  the  longer  stamens  2-toothed  at 
the  summit,  one  of  the  teeth  bearing  the  anther,  the  other  sterile;  anthers  2cellcd,  the  sacs 
divergent  or  divaricate.  Ovary  deeply  4-parted.  Nutlets  ovoid,  smooth.  [Origin  of  name 
doubtful;  often  spelled  Bntiiella,  the  pre-Linnaean  form.] 

About  5  species,  of  wide  geographic  distribution.     Only  the  following  occur  in  North  America. 

I.eaves  entire  or  crenate.  i.  /'.  ziilgarh. 

I.eaves  pimiatifid  or  deeply  incised.  2.  J\  laciniala. 

I.   Prunella  vulgElris  L,.     Self-heal. 
Heal-all.     (Fig.  3098.) 

Prunella  fiilgatis  I,.  Sp.  PI.  600.      1753. 

Pubescent  or  nearly  glabrous;  stem  slen- 
der, procumbent  or  ascending  or  erect,  usu- 
ally simple,  but  sometimes  considerably 
branched,  2'-2°  high.  Leaves  ovate,  oblong 
or  oblong-lanceolate,  obtuse  or  subacute  at 
the  apex, usually  narrowed  at  the  base,  rather 
thin,  entire  or  crenate,  i'-4'long,  the  lowest 
commonly  shorter  and  sometimes  subcor- 
date;  spikes  terminal,  sessile  or  short-pedun- 
cled,  very  dense,  '/z'-i'  long  in  flower,  be- 
coming 2'-4'  long  in  fruit;  bracts  broadly 
ovate-orbicular,  cuspidate,  more  or  less  cili- 
ate;  corolla  violet,  purple,  or  sometimes 
white,  ^"-d"  long,  about  twice  as  long  as 
the  purplish  or  green  calyx;  calyx-teeth 
often  ciliate. 

In  fields,  woods  and  waste  places  throughout 
nearly  the  whole  of  North  America.  Natural- 
ized from  Kurope.  Native  also  of  Asia.  Pos- 
sibly native  in  northern  British  America.  Other 
names  are  Thimtjie- flower,  All-heal,  Brown- 
wort,  Carpentcr's-hcrb.  Ilook-heal,  Heartof- 
the-earth,  Sicklewort,    i'tecurls.     Mav-Oct. 


Vol..  III.] 
3.    Prunella  lacini^ta  L. 


MINT   I'AMII.Y. 


leaved  vSclf-hoal, 


Cut- 
!**««•  3099-) 


Piuiirtla  :iil);aiis  var.  Iii,iitiala  I,.  Sp.  I'l.  Iho. 

I'niiiclla  laiinidia  I,.  Sp.  I'l.  1C<1.  :;.  ^(7.      \yf>S. 

Ill  iiiiilla    :ri/i;ari.i  var.   />iiiii<i/i7i(/a  liiiilli.  in 
DC.  I'rodr,  IJ:  (ii.      iH.tS. 

Simitar  to  tlic  lucccdiiiff  species,  hut  the 
sti'iii  If.ives  piiinatifKl,  lohcil,  or  incised,  tho 
Imsnl  ones  often  entire  or  merely  crenul.ite. 

Vicinity  of  WasliiiiRtiPti,  I).  C.     .V-lvcnlivc  or 
fujtilive  fmm  Ivtiropi-.     KiKardid  liy  many  iUi 
ttiors  as  a  variety  iif  /'.  :i(/i;ii)  is.  l)Ht  the  pinna- 
tifid  leaves  appear  to  be  a  constant  character. 
Suninier. 


13.    PHYSOSTEGIA  Benth.  I.ab. 
Gen.  &  Sp.  504.       1834. 

I'lrcct  perennial  glabrous  or  pul)erulent 
herbs,  with  serrate  dentate  or  entire  leaves, 
and  larj^e  or  niiddlc-si/.ed  bracled  purple  violet,  pink  or  white  flowers  in  terminal  spikes, 
or  spike-like  racemes.  Calyx  cani])anulate  or  oblouj;,  membranous,  swollen  an<l  remaining 
open  in  fruit,  faintly  reticulate-veined  and  Kj-nerved,  ecjually  5-toothed.  Corolla  much 
longer  than  the  calyx,  its  tube  gradually  much  enlarged  upward,  its  limb  strongly  2  lippe<l; 
upper  lip  concave,  rounded,  entire;  lower  lip  sprea<ling,  3-lobcd,  the  middle  lobe  commonly 
cniarginate.  Stamens  .(,  didynamous,  ascending  under  the  upper  lip  of  the  corolla,  the 
lower  pair  the  longer;  fdanients  pubescent;  anthers  all  alike,  2-celled,  the  sacs  nearly  par- 
allel, the  margins  of  their  valves  commonly  spinulosc  or  denticulate.  Ovary  .(parted.  Nut- 
lets ovoid-tri([uetrous,  smooth.     [Greek,  bellows-covering,  from  the  inflated  fruiting  calyx.] 

About  ,s  species,  natives  of  North  America,  known  as  I'alse  Pragon-head  or  I.ion's-heart. 
I'lowers  i'  long,  or  more;  leaves  firm. 

Spike  dense,  many-flowered;  leaf  serrations  very  acute.  i.  /'.  I'ii,iriiiiaiia. 

Spike  loose,  few  llowered;  leaf-serrations  blunt.  2.  P,  ileiiliculala. 

Flowers  s'  ~~"  lontt;  leaves  •liin. 

,V  P.  iiilermedia. 
4.  P.  parviflora. 


.Spike  loose;  .('-8'  lonK;  leaves  few  and  distant. 
Spike  dense,  r-4'  lont{;  stem  leafy. 


Physostegia  Virginiana  (L.)  Benth.     False  Dragon-hearl.     Obedient 
Plant.     Lion's  Heart.     (Fig.  3100. ) 

/•'.  firgiiiiaiiitm  I,.  Sp.  I'l.  594.      1753. 
DracoceplialuiH    spfcinsiini    Sweet,    Brit.    V\. 

Card.   pi.  i/i.      1825. 
P.  I  'iixiuiaiiii  lientli.  I.ab.Gen.  &  Sp.  .S114.  1854. 

Stem  erect  or  ascending,  rather  stout, 
simple  or  branched  above,  i°-4°  tall. 
Leaves  firm,  lanceolate,  oblong-lanceolate, 
or  linear-lanceolate,  acuminate  at  the  apex, 
sharply  serrate  or  serrulate,  narrowed  at  the 
base,  the  upper  all  sessile,  2'-,s'  long,  2"-7" 
wide,  the  lowest  petioled;  bracts  lanceolate, 
shorter  than  the  calyx;  spikes  dense,  becom- 
ing 4'-,S'  long  in  fruit,  many-flowered;  flow- 
ering calyx  campanulate  or  somewhat  turbi- 
nate, its  teeth  ovate,  acute,  iibout  one-half  as 
long  as  the  tube;  fruiting  calyx  oblong,  4"- 
5"  long,  the  teeth  much  shorter  than  the 
tube;  corolla  pale  purple  or  rose,  l'  long  or 
more,  often  variegated  with  white,  tempo- 
rarily remaining  in  whatever  position  it  is 
placed. 

In  moist  soil,  (Quebec  to  the  Northwest  Ter- 
ritory, south  to  Florida,  Louisiana  and  Texas. 
Perhaps  escaped  from  gardens  eastward. 
July-Sept. 


'-■-— **i.^«i.*i<i>r«1*»» 


90 


LAaiATAE. 


2.    Physostegia  denticul^ta  (Ait.)  Britton. 

(Fig.  3101.) 


[Vol,.  III. 
Few-flowered  Lion's  Heart. 


Prasiiim  pinpiiieum  Walt.  Fl.  Car.  166.      178S? 
Dracoccfihalum  dcniiculatum  Ait.  Hort.  Kew.  2:  317. 

1789. 
Phvsostre^ta  I'lifrinnina  var.  deii/tciilala  A.  Gray,  Syti. 

FI.  2:  Part  I.  3S.V      i8;8. 
Plivsostegia  denticulala  Britton  Mem.  Torr.  Club,  g: 

28.1.      1S94. 

Stem  slender,  ascending  or  erect,  simple,  or 
little  branched,  i°-2°  high.  Leaves  firm  or  rather 
thin,  oblong,  linear-oblong,  or  oblanceolate,  obtuse 
or  acute  at  the  apex,  narrowed  at  the  base,  crenu- 
late,  obtusely  dentate,  or  entire,  I'-j'  long,  2"-6" 
wide,  the  upper  sessile,  the  lower  slender-petiolcd; 
spike  loosely  few-several-flowercd;  bracts  lanceo- 
late, little  longer  than  the  fruiting  pedicels;  flower- 
ing calyx  oval-campanulate,  its  teeth  acute, 
about  one-third  as  long  as  the  tube;  fruiting  calyx 
oblong,  3"-4"  long;  corolla  rose-pink,  neatly  or 
quite  l'  long. 

In  moist  soil,  Virginia  to  Florida  and  Texas.  June- 
Auff. 


3.  Physostegia  intermedia  (Nutt.)  A. 
Gray.  Slender  Lion's  Heart.  (Fig.  3102.) 

Dracocephalum    iiilermedium    Nutt.   Trans.   Am. 

Phil.  Soc.  (II.)  5:  187.      1831-37. 
Plivsostegia  intermedia  A.  Gray,  Proc.  Am.  Acad. 

8:  3ri-      '^72- 

Stem  very  slender,  usually  quite  simple,  i°-3° 
high.  Leaves  usually  few  pairs,  remote,  thin, 
mostly  shorter  than  the  internodes,  narrowly 
lanceolate  or  linear,  acute  or  acuminate  at  the 
apex,  repand-denliculatc,  little  narrowed  at  the 
base,  all  sessile,  or  the  lowest  petioled,  1'-}/ 
long,  2"-4''' wide;  spikes  very  slende."  remotely 
many-flowered,  4'-8'  long  in  fruit;  lower  bracts 
often  nearly  as  long  as  the  canipanulate  calyx; 
calyx-teeth  acute,  shorter  than  the  tube;  fruit- 
ing calyx  broadly  oval,  2"-2;^"  long;  corolla 
much  dilated  above,  s"-?"  long. 

On  prairies,  western  Kentucky  (accordinff  to 
Gray),  Louisiana,  Arkansas  and  Texas.     May-July. 


4.  Physostegia  parvifldra  Nutt.   Purple 
or  Western  Lion's  Heart.    (Fig.  3103.) 

Physostegia  parviflora  Nutt.;  llenth.  in  DC.  Prodr. 
12:  434.    As  synonym.      1848. 

Stem  rather  stout,  usually  simple,  i°-3°  high, 
Leaves  lanceolate,  oblong-lanceolate,  or  ovate- 
lanceolate,  acute,  acuminate  or  the  lower  ob- 
tuse at  the  apex,  sharply  serrate  or  dentate, 
somewhat  narrowed  at  the  base,  all  sessile  or 
the  lowest  petioled,  ■s'-\'  long,  3"-io"  wide; 
spikes  densely  several-many-flowered,  i''-4' 
long;  bracts  ovate  or  ovate-lanceolate,  acute, 
shorter  than  the  calyx;  flowering  calyx  cani- 
panulate, its  teeth  ovate,  obtuse  or  subacute, 
about  one-third  as  long  as  the  tube;  fruiting 
calyx  globose-oblong,  2"-3"  long;  corolla  pur- 
ple, 6"  long. 

In  moist  soil,  Minnesota  to  Nebraska,  west  to 
Hritish  Columbia  and  Oregon.    June-Au(f. 


W' 


Vol..  III.] 


MINT  FAMILY. 


9' 


-4' 


14.    SYNANDRA  Nutt.  Gen.  2:  29.       1818. 

An  anuual  or  biennial,  somewhat  hirsute,  simple  or  little  branched  herb,  with  long-peti- 
olcd  ovate  cordate  crenate  leaves,  and  large  white  flowers  in  a  terminal  leafy-bractcd  spike. 
Calyx  campanulateoblong,  membranous,  deeply  4cleft,  inflated  in  fruit,  faintly  and  irregu- 
larly veined,  the  lobes  narrowly  lanceolate,  the  two  upper  shorter  than  the  lower.  Corolla 
inuch  longer  than  the  calyx,  its  tube  narrow  below,  much  expanded  above,  2-lipped;  upper 
lip  concave,  entire;  lower  lip  spreading,  ,vlobed.  Stamens  4,  didynanious,  ascending  under 
the  upper  lip  of  the  corolla;  iilamcuts  villous;  anthers  glabrous,  2-cellcd,  the  sacs  divaricate, 
the  contiguous  ones  of  the  upper  pair  of  stamens  sterile  and  connate.  Ovary  deeply  4-lobed; 
stylo  unequally  2-cleft  at  the  summit.  Nutlets  ovoid,  smooth,  sharply  angled.  [Greek, 
stamens-together.] 

A  nionotypic  genus  of  southeastern  North  America. 

I.    Synandra  hispidula  (Miclix.)  Britton. 
Synaiidra.     (Fig.  3104.) 

I.amium  hispidulum  Miclix.  Fl.  l!or.  Am.  2:  4.      1803. 
Sviiandra  grand ijli»a  Nutt.  Gen.  2:  29.      1818. 
Torreva  f;> and i flora  Raf.  Am.  Month.  Mag.  3:356.  1818. 
6'.  hispidula  Hritton,  Mem.  Torr.  Club,  5:  283.      1S94. 

Stem  rather  slender,  erect  or  a.sceuding,  weak, 
l°-2'A°  long,  striate.  Leaves  thin,  the  lower  and 
basal  ones  broadly  ovate,  or  nearly  orbicular,  pal- 
niately  veined,  acute  or  obtuse  at  the  apex,  deeply 
cordate  at  the  base,  the  blade  2'-4'  long,  and  com- 
monly shorter  than  the  petiole;  floral  leaves  ses- 
sile, ovate  or  ovate-lanceolate,  acute  or  acuminate, 
the  flowers  solitary  in  their  axils,  the  uppermost 
leaves  very  small;  calyx  hirsute,  its  lobes  about  as 
long  as  the  tube;  corolla  i'~i'/i'  long,  showy,  the 
lower  lip  with  purple  lines. 

Along  streams  and  in  wet  woods,  Ohio  and  Illinois  to 
southwestern  Virginia  and  Tennessee.  Ascends  to 
3500  ft.  in  Virginia.     May-June. 

15.   PHLOMIS  L.  Sp.  PI.  584.      1753. 

Tall  perennial  herbs,  or  shrubs.  Calyx  tubular  or  tubular-campanulate,  5-10-nerved, 
the  limb  mostly  equally  5-toothed.  Corolla-tube  usually  with  a  woolly  ring  within,  shorter 
than  or  exceeding  the  calyx,  the  limb  strongly  2-lippcd;  upper  lip  erect,  concave,  arched  or 
sometimes  keeled,  entire  or  emargiuate;  lower  lip  spreading,  ^-cleft.  Stamens  4,  didyna- 
nious, ascending  under  the  upper  lip  of  the  corolla,  the  anterior  pair  the  longer  and  their 
filaments  with  hooked  appendages  at  the  base;  anther-sacs  divergent.  Ovary  deeply 
4-lobed;  style  subulate,  2-clcft  at  the  summit,  one  of  the  lobes  smaller  than  the  other. 
Nutlets  ovoid,  glabrous,  or  pubescent  above.  [Greek,  muUcn,  in  allusiou  to  the  thick 
woolly  lea.es  of  some  species.] 

About  50  species,  natives  of  the  Old  World. 

1.  Phlomis  tuberdsa  I,.     Jerusalem  Sage. 
(Fig.  3105.) 

Plilomis  tuberosa  L.  Sp.  PI.  586.     1753. 

Herbaceous  from  a  thickened  root;  stem  stout, 
purplish,  glabrous  or  loosely  pubescent  above,  usu- 
ally much  branched,  3°-6°  tall,  the  branches  nearly 
erect.  Lower  leaves  triangular-ovate,  long-pctioled, 
acuminate  or  acute  at  the  apex,  coarsely  dentate  or 
incised-dentate,  rather  thick,  deeply  cordate  at  the 
base,  strongly  veined,  5'-io'  long,  3'-6'  wide;  upper 
leaves  lanceolate,  short-petiolcd  or  sessile,  truncate 
or  sometimes  narrowed  at  the  base,  the  uppermost 
(floral)  very  small;  clusters  densely  many-flowered; 
bractlets  subulate,  ciliate-hirsute  or  nearly  glabrous; 
calyx  ^"-d"  long,  its  teeth  setaceous  with  a  broader 
base,  spreading;  corolla  io"-i2'''  long,  paie  purple 
or  white,  twice  as  long  as  the  calyx,  densely  pu- 
bescent, and  the  margins  of  its  upper  lip  fringed 
with  long  hairs. 

In  waste  places,  south  shore  of  Lake  Ontario.  Nat- 
uralized from  southern  Europe.    June-Sept. 


92 


LABIATAE. 


[Vol.  III. 


16.    GALEOPSIS  L.  Sp.  PI.  579.      1753. 

Erect  annual  branching  herbs,  with  l)road  or  narrow  leaves,  and  rather  small  yellow  red 
purple  or  mottled  verticillate-clustcrcd  flowers  in  the  upper  axils,  or  forming  terminal  dense 
or  interrupted  spikes.  Calyx  canipanulatc  or  tubular-campanulate,  .s-io-nerved,  5-tootlied, 
the  teeth  nearly  equal,  spinulose.  Corolla-tube  narrow,  the  throat  expanded,  the  limb 
strongly  2-lipped;  upper  lip  erect,  concave,  entire;  lower  lip  spreading,  3-clcft,  the  middle 
lobe  obcordate  or  emarginate.  Stamens  4,  didynamous,  ascending  under  the  upper  lip  of  the 
corolla,  the  anterior  pair  the  longer;  anthers  2-celled,  the  sacs  transversely  2-valved,  tlie 
inner  valve  ciliate,  the  outer  smooth,  larger.  Ovary  deeply  4-parted;  style  2-cleft  at  the 
summit.     Nutlets  ovoid,  slightly  flattened,  smooth.     [Greek,  weasel-like.] 

About  6  spi'cies,  natives  of  Huropi'  and  .X.sia. 
Plant  puberulent;  leaves  linear  or  lanceolate.  i.  (7.  I.ndaiitim. 


Plant  iiispid;  leaves  ovale. 


2.  G.  Ttlrahit. 

I.  Galeopsis  Ladanum  L.   Red  Hemp- 
Nettle.     Ironwort.     (Fig.  3106.) 

Galeopsis  Ladanum  I,.  Sp.  PI.  579.      175.V 

Puberulent ;  stem  slender,  erect,  much 
branched,  6'-iS''  high,  the  branches  ascend- 
ing. Leaves  linear,  oblong,  or  lanceolate, 
mostly  short-petiolcd,  acute  at  both  ends, 
dentate,  or  nearly  entire,  i'-2'  long,  2"-.S" 
wide;  flower-clusters  mainly  axillary,  distant; 
calyx-teeth  subulate-lanceolate,  shorter  than 
or  ecjuallirg  the  tube;  corolla  6"-S"  long,  red 
or  purple  to  white  and  variegated,  twice  the 
length  of  the  calyx. 

In  waste  places  and  on  ballast.  New  lirunswick 
to  KIiehif;an  and  New  Jersey.  Adventive  or  natn- 
ralized  from  ICutope.  Native  also  of  .\sia.  July- 
Oct. 


2.  Galeopsis  Tetrahit  L.     Hemp-Nettle. 
Hemp  Dead  Nettle.   (Fig.  3107.) 

Galeopsis  Tcliahit  I,.  Sp.  PI.  579.      I7,s,v 

A  coarse  and  rough-hairy  herb,  the  stem  rather 
stout,  branched,  i°-3°  high,  swollen  under  the 
joints.  Leaves  ovate,  membranous,  slender-peti- 
oled,  acuminate  at  the  apex,  rounded  or  narrowed 
at  the  base,  coarsely  dentate,  1'-^'  long,  Yi'-iyi' 
■wide;  flower-clusters  axillary,  dense,  or  in  a  short 
leafy-bracted  spike;  calyx-teeth  needle-pointed, 
bristly,  as  long  as  or  longer  than  the  tube;  corolla 
8"- 1 2"  long,  pink  or  pale  purple  variegated  with 
white,  about  twice  the  length  of  the  calyx. 

In  waste  places,  Newfoundland  to  British  Columbia 
and  Alaska,  south  to  North  Carolina  and  Michigan. 
Naturalized  from  ICurope.  Native  also  of  Asia.  Old 
names,  Hee-,  I)o({  ,  or  Rlindnettle,  StiuKing  Nettle, 
Nettle-,  Wild-,  or  liastard-hei.ip.     June-Sept. 

17.  LEONURUS  L.  Sp.  PI.  584.  i75,V 
Tall  erect  herbs,  with  palmately  cleft,  parted  or  dentate  leaves,  and  small  white  or  pink 
flowers  verlicillatc  in  dense  axillary  clusters.  Calyx  tubular  canipanulate,  5-nerved,  nearly 
regular  and  e(iually  5-toothed,  the  teeth  rigid,  sul)ulate  or  aristate.  Tube  of  the  corolla  in- 
cluded or  slightly  exscrted,  its  limb  2-lipped;  upper  lip  erect,  concave  or  nearly  flat,  entire; 
lower  lip  spreading  or  deflcxed,  3-lobed,  the  middle  lobe  browl,  obcordate  or  cmaiginate. 
Stamens  4,  didynamous,  the  anterior  pair  the  longer,  ascending  under  the  upper  lip  of  the 
corolla;  anthers  2-celled,  the  sacs  mostly  parallel.  Ovary  deeply  4  parted;  style  2cleft  at 
the  summit.     Nutlets  3-sided,  smooth.     [Greek,  lion's-tail.] 

About  10  species,  natives  of  Kurope  and  .\sia. 
Lower  leaves  palmately  2-5cleft,  the  upper  ,5-eleft.  i.  /..  Ciidiaca. 

Leaves  deeply  j  parted,  the  segments  cleft  and  incised.  2.  A.  Sihiricus. 

Leaves  coarsely  dentate  or  incised-dentate.  3.  L.  Ma> rubiashiim. 


Vor,.  III.] 


MINT  FAMILY. 


93 


I.    Leonurus  Cardiaca  L,.     Mother- 
wort.    (Fig.  3108.) 

Leonurus  Cardiaca  I,.  Sp.  PI.  5S4,      1753. 

Perennial,  puberuleut;  stem  rather  stout, 
strict,  conmiouly  branched,  2°-5°  tall,  the 
branches  straight  and  ascending.  Leaves 
nienibranous,  slender-petioled,  the  lower 
nearly  orbicular,  palmately  3-5-clcft,  2'-4'' 
broad,  the  lobes  acuminate,  incised  or  dentate; 
upper  (floral)  leaves  narrower,  oblong-lanceo- 
late or  rhombic,  deleft,  or  the  uppermost 
merely  3-tootlied;  flower-clusters  numerous, 
exceeded  by  the  petioles;  calyx-teeth  lanceo- 
late, subulate,  somewhat  spreiuling,  nearly  as 
long  as  the  tube;  corolla  pink,  purple  or  white, 
,//_.//  long,  its  tube  with  an  oblitiuc  ring  of 
hairs  within,  its  upper  lip  slightly  concave, 
densely  white-woolly  without,  the  lower  lip 
mottled;  anther-sacs  parallel. 

In  waste  places,  especially  about  dwellinRs, 
Nova  Scotia  to  North  Carolina,  Miinicsota  and 
Nebraska.  Naluralizt-d  from  ICurope.  Native  al- 
so of  Asia.    Also  called  Cowthwort.    June-.Sept. 


2.    Leonurus  Sibiricus  L.     Siberian 
Motherwort  or  Lion'. s-taiL      (Fig.  3109.) 

Leonurus  Sibiricus  I,.  .Sp.  PI.  5L4.      I7,S.V 

liiennial,  puberulent  or  glabratc;  stem  stout, 
branched,  2°-6°  high,  the  branches  slender. 
Leaves  long-petioled,  deeply  3-parted  into  ovate 
or  lanceolate,  more  or  less  cuneate,  acute  or 
acuminate  deeply  cleff  and  incised  segments, 
the  lobes  lanceolate  or  linear,  acute;  lower 
leaves  sometimes  6'  wide,  the  uppermost  linear 
or  lanceolate,  slightly  toothed  or  entire;  clus- 
ters numerous,  dense,  usually  all  axillary; 
calyx  campanulate,  3"  long,  glabrous  or  mi- 
nutely puberulent,  its  bristle-shaped  teeth 
slightly  spreading,  shorter  than  the  tube;  cor- 
olla purple  or  red,  densely  puberulent  without, 
.\"-6"  long,  its  tube  naked  within,  the  upper 
lip  arched;  anther-sacs  divergent. 

In  waste  and  cultivated  soil,  soiuliern  Pennsylva- 
nia and  Delaware.  Naturalized  from  eastern  .^sia. 
Widely  distributed  in  tropical  America  as  a  weed. 
May-Sept. 


17.S,?- 


3,    Leonurus  Marrubiastrum 

Hoarhound    Motherwort   or 
Uon's-tail.    (Fig.  31 10.) 

Leonurus  Marrubiastrum  L.  Sp.  PI.  584. 

liiennial,  puberulent  or  pubescent;  stem 
stout,  branched,  2°-5°  high.  Leaves  pcti- 
oled,  ovate  or  ovate  oblong,  acute  or  >I  uise 
at  the  apex,  narrowed  at  the  base,  coarsely 
crenate  or  incised-dentate,  i'-3'  long,  J^'- 
lYi'  wide,  the  upper  narrower;  flower-clus- 
ters dense,  numerous,  axillary;  calyx  finely 
puberulent  or  glabra te,  its  bristle-shaped 
somewhat  spreading  teeth  mostly  shorter 
than  the  tube;  corolla  nearly  white,  glabratc, 
about  4"  long,  its  tube  scarcely  exceeding  the 
calyx,  naked  within,  its  lower  lip  ascending. 

In  waste  places,  New  Jersey  (according  to  S. 
Watson),  southern  Pennsylvania  and  Delaware. 
Naturalized  from  ICurope.     •^'  ••--  ■'--   ■' 
]une-Sept. 


Native  also  of  Asia. 


.".»'*PfiF,'-V 


94 


LABIATAE. 


[Vol..  III. 


i8.    LAMIUM  L.  Sp.  PI.  579-       1753- 

Annual  or  perennial  m.s.ly  diffuse  herbs,  with  crenale  dentate  or  incised,  usually  cordate 
leaves,  and  rather  small  flowers,  verticillate  in  axillary  and  terminal  clusters.  Calyx  tubular- 
campanulate,  about  5- nerved,  5-toothed,  the  teeth  equal  or  the  upper  ones  longer.  Tube  of 
the  corolla  mostly  longer  than  the  calyx,  its  limb  2-lippcd;  upper  lip  concave,  erect,  usually 
entire,  narrowed  at  the  base;  lower  lip  spreading,  3-cleft,  the  middle  lobe  eniarginate,  con- 
tracted at  the  base,  the  lateral  ones  sometimes  each  with  a  tooth-like  appendage.  Stamens 
4,  didynamous,  ascending  under  the  upper  lip  of  the  corolla,  the  anterior  pair  the  longer; 
anthers  2-celled,  the  sacs  divaricate,  often  hirsute  on  the  back.  Ovary  deeply  4-parted; 
style  2-cleft  at  the  summit.  Nutlets  smooth  or  tuberculate.  [Greek,  throat,  from  the  rin- 
gent  corolla.] 

About  40  species,  natives  of  the  Old  World,  known  as  Dcad-Nettle  or  HedRc  Dend-Nettle. 
l';''f,cr  leaves  sessile  or  clasping.  i.  /,.  amplexicaule. 

V'aves  all  petioled. 

Flowers  red  or  purple. 

Corolla  6"-9"  long;  leaves  not  blotched.  2. 

Corolla  io"-i2"  long;  leaves  commonly  blotched.  ,•5. 

Flowers  white.  4. 


Lamium  amplexicaule  L. 

Nettle. 


L.  f>urpureum. 
L.  macula/ urn. 
/,.  album. 

Henbit.     Greater  Henbit.     Henbit  Dead- 
(Fig.  31 II-) 

Lamium  amplexicaule  I..  Sp.  PI.  579.  175,^ 
Biennial  or  annual,  sparingly  pubescent; 
stems  slender,  weak,  branched  from  the 
base  or  also  from  the  lower  axils,  slender, 
ascending  or  decumbent,  6'-i8''  long. 
Leaves  orbicular  or  nearly  so,  coarsely  cren- 
ate,  '/I'-iYz'  wide,  rounded  at  the  apex,  the 
lower  slender  petioled,  mostly  cordate  at 
the  base,  the  upper  sessile  and  more  or  less 
clasping;  flowers  rather  few  in  axillary  and 
terminal  clusters;  calyx  pubescent,  its  teeth 
erect,  nearly  as  long  as  the  tube;  corolla 
purplish  or  red,  6"-8'''  long,  its  tube  very 
slender,  the  lateral  lobes  of  its  lower  lip 
very  small,  the  middle  one  spott  d;  upper 
lip  somewhat  pubescent. 

In  waste  and  cultivated  ground,  New  Bruns- 
wick to  Ontario  and  Minnesota,  south  to  Flor- 
ida and  Arkansas.  Naturalized  from  Furope. 
Native  also  of  .\sia.     Feb.-Oct. 


2.   Lamium  purpureum  L.     Red 

Dead  Nettle.     (Fig.  3112.) 
Lamium  puiputeum  I<.  Sp.  PI.  579.      175,^. 

Annual,  slightly  pubescent,  branched 
from  the  base  and  sometimes  also  above; 
stems  stout  or  slender,  decumbent,  6'-i8' 
long.  Leaves  crenate  or  crenulate,  the 
lower  orbicular  or  broadly  ovate,  slender- 
petioled,  rounded  at  the  apex,  cordate  at 
the  base,  the  upper  ovate,  short-petioled, 
sometimes  acute  at  the  apex,  yi'-i}i' 
long;  flowers  in  axillary  and  terminal 
clusters;  calyx  teeth  narrowly  lanceolate, 
acuminate,  slightly  longer  than  the  tube, 
spreading,  at  least  in  fruit;  corolla  pur- 
ple-red, rarely  exceeding  yi'  long,  its  tube 
rather  stout,  the  lateral  lobes  of  its  lower 
lip  reduced  to  I  or  2  short  teeth,  its  middle 
lobe  spotted;  upper  lip  very  pubescent. 

In  waste  and  cultivated  soil,  Rhode  Island  to  Pennsylvania.  Also  in  ballast  about  the  northern 
.seaports.  Naturalized  or  adventive  from  Kurope.  Native  also  of  Asia.  Old  names,  Red  or  Sweet 
Archangel,  Day-,  Dog-,  French-,  or  Deaf-nettle,  Rabbit-meat.     April-Uct. 


, |i|i|iiiir<ii|iy»f (j*>'^«uii.i^j^« y m.   «}^J 


Vol.  III.] 


MINT  FAMILY. 


95 


3.  Lamium  macul^tum  L.     Spotted  Dead  Nettle.     Variegated  Dead  Nettle. 

(Fig.  31 '3-) 
Lamium  ntaculalitm  L.  Sp.  PI.  Hd.  2,  Sog. 


Perennial,  somewhat  pubescent;  stems 
mostly  slender,  commonly  branched,  de- 
cumbent or  ascending,  fS'-iy^"  long. 
Leaves  crenate  or  incised-crcnate,  all 
petioled,  usually  longitudinally  blotched 
along  the  midrib,  broadly  ovate  or  trian- 
gular-ovate, acute  or  obtuse,  truncate  or 
cordat.  at  the  base,  i''-2'  long,  or  some  of 
the  lower  ones  much  smaller  and  nearly 
orbicular;  clusters  few- flowered,  mainly 
axillary;  calyx-teeth  lanceolate-subulate, 
as  long  as  or  longer  than  the  tube,  spread- 
ing; corolla  io"-i2'''  long,  purple-red,  its 
tube  short,  contracted  near  the  base,  with 
a  transverse  ring  of  hairs  within,  the  lat- 
eral lobes  of  its  lower  lip  very  small. 

Alonfj  roadsides,  escaped  from  gardens, 
Maine  to  Virginia.  Native  of  Ivurope  and 
Asia.     May-Oct. 


Lamium  album  Iv.     White  Dead  Nettle.     (Fig.  31 14.) 

Lamium  album  L.  •5p.  PI.  579.      1753. 

Perennial,  pubescent;  stems  decumbent 
or  ascending,  rather  stout,  simple  or 
branched,  i°-i|^°  long.  Leaves  ovate, 
crenate,  dentate  or  incised,  all  petioled, 
acute  or  acuminate  at  the  apex,  cordate  or 
truncate  at  the  base,  i'-3'  long,  or  the 
lower  shorter  and  obtuse;  clusters  mostly 
axillary;  calyx-teeth  very  slender,  subu- 
late, spreading,  usually  longer  than  the 
tube;  corolla  white,  about  i'  long,  its  tube 
short,  stout,  contracted  near  the  base,  with 
an  oblique  ring  of  hairs  within,  the  lateral 
lobes  of  its  lower  lip  each  with  a  slender 
tooth. 

In  waste  places,  Ontario  to  Virginia.  Also 
in  ballast  about  the  northern  seaports.  Natu- 
ralized or.idventive  from  Ivurope.  Old  names, 
White  Archangel,  Day-,  Blind-,  Dumb-,  or 
Bee-nettle,  Snake-flower,  Suck-bottle.  April- 
Get. 


19.    BALLOTA  L.  Sp.  PI.  582.      1753. 

Perennial  pubescent  or  tomentose  herbs,  some  species  shrubby,  with  dentate  or  crenate 
leaves,  and  small  bracted  flowers  in  axillary  clusters.  Calyx  tubular-funnelform,  lo-nerved, 
5-10-toothed,  the  teeth  dilated  at  the  base,  or  sometimes  connate  into  a  spreading  limb. 
Corolla-tube  about  as  long  as  the  calyx,  provided  with  a  ring  of  hairs  within,  the  limb 
strongly  2-lipped;  upper  lip  erect,  concave,  eniarginate,  lower  lip  spreading,  3-lobcd,  the 
middle  lobe  eniarginate  or  obcordate.  Stamens  4,  didynanious,  ascending  under  the  upper  lip 
of  the  corolla,  the  anterior  pair  the  longer;  anther-sacs  divergent  at  maturity.  Ovary  deeply 
4-lobed;  style  2-cle(t  at  the  summit.     Nutlets  ovoid,  smooth.     [The  Greek  name.] 

About  30  species,  natives  of  the  Old  World,  most  numerous  in  the  Mediterranean  region. 


96 


LAHIATAE. 


[Vol,.  III. 


I.   Ballota  nigra  L.     Black  or  Fetid  Hoar- 
hound.     (Fig.  31 15.) 

liallola  nig: I  a  L.  Sp.  I'l.  582.      1753. 

Herbaceous,  pul)erulent  or  pubescent,  ill-scented; 
stem  usually  branched,  erect,  i^^°-3°  liigli,  its  hairs 
mostly  rcflexed.  Leaves  slender-pctioled,  ovate,  or 
the  lower  nearly  orbicular,  acute  or  obtuse  at  the 
apex,  coarsely  dentate,  thin,  narrowed,  truncate  or 
subcordatc  at  the  base,  I'-z'long;  clusters  numer- 
ous, several-flowered,  dense;  bractlets  subulate, 
somewhat  sliorter  than  the  calyx;  calyx  about  4" 
long,  its  teeth  lanceolate,  sharp  bristle-pointed, 
spreading  in  fruit;  corolla  6"-9"  long,  reddish-pur- 
ple to  whitish,  its  upper  lip  pubescent  on  both  sides; 
nutlets  shining. 

Ill  waste  places,  eastern  Massncliusetts  to  Pennsylva- 
nia. Naturalized  from  liurope.  Tune-Sept.  Old  iiaincs. 
Black  Archangel,  Ilairhouiid,  llenbit 

20.  STACHYS  L.  v3p.  PI.  580.  1753. 
Annual  or  perennial  glabrous  pubescent  or  ui.sute  herbs,  with  small  or  rather  large  pur- 
ple yellow  red  or  white  flowers,  loosely  verticillate-":lustered  in  terminal  dense  or  interrupted 
spikes,  or  also  in  the  upper  axils.  Calyx  mostly  campanulate,  5-10-nerved,  5-toothed,  the 
teeth  nearly  equal  in  our  species.  Corolla  purple  in  our  species,  its  tube  narrow,  not  exceed- 
ing the  calyx,  the  limb  strongly  2-lipped;  upper  lip  erect,  concave,  entire  or  emarginate;  lower 
lip  spreading,  3-cleft,  the  middle  lobe  broader  than  the  lateral  ones,  sometimes  2-lobed.  Sta- 
mens 4,  didynanious,  ascending  under  the  upper  lip  of  the  corolla,  the  anterior  pair  the  longer, 
sometimes  deflexed  or  twisted  after  anthesis;  anthers  contiguous  in  pairs,  2-celled,  the  sacs 
mostly  divergent.  Ovary  deeply  4-lobed;  style  2-cleft  at  the  summit  into  subulate  lobes. 
Nutlets  ovoid  or  oblong.     [Greek,  a  spike,  from  the  spicatc  inflorescence.] 

About  150  species,  of  wide  Reograpliic  dislribution  in  the  north  temperate  zone,  a  few  in  South 
America  and  South  .Africa,  liesides  the  following,  some  12  others  occur  in  the  southern  and 
southwestern  United  Slates. 

Leaves  narrowed  at  the  base,  linear  to  lanceolate. 

Stem  glabrous;  leaves  entire,  or  nearly  so.  i. 

Stem  retrorsely  hirsute;  leaves  .serrulate. 
Leaves  cordate  or  truncate  at  the  base,  lanceolate  to  ovate. 
Stem  glabrous  or  very  nearly  so, 
Stem  liirsute. 

Leaves  all  very  short-petioled,  lanceolate.  4. 

Leaves,  at  least  tlie  lowei,  slender-petioled. 

Leaves  lanceolate  or  ovate,  acute  or  acuminate. 

Plant  dark  green;  leaves  firm;  petioles  ,V'-iS"  long.  5.  5.  aspera. 

Plant  light  green;  leaves  membranous;  petioles  '^'-2'  long.  6.  S.  coidala. 

Leaves  ovate,  obtuse;  diffuse  annual.  7.  5.  aryensis. 

I.   Stachys  hyssopifolia  Michx. 

Hyssop  Hedge  Nettle.     (Fig.  31 16.) 

S.  />a/iis/ris\\'ah.  Kl.  Car  1O2.    1788.  Not  L.  I75,?- 
5.  Iiyssopi/olia  Michx.  Fl.  Bor.  Am.  2: .(.      1803. 

.  Perennial,  glabrous  or  very  nearly  so 
throughout,  sometimes  slightly  hirsute  at 
the  nodes;  stem  slender,  usually  branched, 
erect  or  diffuse,  i°-ij2°  long.  Leaves  thin, 
linear  or  linear-oblong,  acute  at  both  ends,  or 
the  uppermost  rounded  at  the  base,  short- 
petioled  or  sessile,  entire,  or  sparingly  den- 
ticulate with  low  teeth,  i'-2'  long,  1%"-^" 
wide,  the  uppermost  reduced  to  short  floral 
bracts;  clusters  few-several-  flowered,  forming 
an  interrupted  spike;  calyx  glabrous  or 
slightly  hirsute,  2"-'s"  long,  its  teeth  lanceo- 
late-subulate, nearly  as  long  as  the  tube;  co- 
rolla about  7"  long,  light  purple,  glabrous. 
In  moi.st  fields  and  thickets,  Massachusetts  to 
Florida,  west  to  Michigan  and  Virginia.  July- 
Sept. 


S.  hyssopifolia. 

2.  5.  ambigua. 

3.  S.  Iciittifolia. 
S.  paluslris. 


J 


"T 


■s 


vol,.  III.] 


MINT  FAMILY, 


2.   Stachys  ambigua  (A.  Gray)  Britton. 
Dense- flowered  Hedge  Nettle.  (Fig.  31 17.) 

SlacUvx  hyssopifolia  var.  ambigua  A.  Gray,  Syii.  Fl. 

2:  Part  I,  3S7.      187.S. 
5'.  ambigua  Britton,  Mem.  Torr.  Club,  5:  2S5.      189,1. 

Perennial;  stem  slender,  erect,  retrorsely  his- 
pid, at  least  below,  simple  or  sparingly  branched, 
i°-2°  high.  Leaves  oblong,  oblong-lanceolate, 
or  linear,  pubescent  or  glabrate,  acuminate  or 
acute  at  the  apex,  narrowed  at  the  base,  z'^-io" 
wide,  I'-y  long,  serrulate;  clusters  in  a  terminal 
rather  dense  spike,  and  usually  also  in  the  upper 
axils;  calyx  more  or  less  hirsute,  2)4"  long,  its 
lanceolate-subulate  teeth  more  than  one-half  as 
long  as  the  tube;  corolla  as  in  the  preceding. 

In  moist  soil,  eastern  Pennsylvania  to  Georgfia, 
west  to  Illinois  and  Kentucky.    ]uly-Aug. 


3.  Stachys  tenuifdlia  Willd.    Sriooth 

Hedge  Nettle.     ( Fig.  31-^-) 
Stachys  lenuifolia  Willd.  Sp.  PI.  3:  >oo.     1801. 
S.  glabra  Ridd.  Suppl.  Cat.  Ohio  PI.  16.    1836. 
5.  0««««a/f»."iKuntze,Rev.Gen.Pl.  531.  1891? 

Perennial;  stem  quite  smooth,  or  slightly 
scabrous  on  the  angles,  slender,  erect  or  as- 
cending, usually  branched,  \°-2Yi°  high. 
Leaves  lanceolate,  oblong,  or  ovate-lanceo- 
late, sleuder-petioled,  thin,  acuminate  at  the 
apex,  obtuse  or  subcordate  at  the  base,  sharp- 
ly dentate  or  denticulate,  dark  green,  a'-s' 
long,  yi'-i'  wide;  clusters  several  or  numer- 
ous in  terminal  spikes,  or  also  in  the  upper 
axils;  calyx  glabrous,  or  sparingly  hirsute,  2" 
long,  its  teeth  triangular-ovate  to  lanceolate, 
acute,  one-half  as  long  as  the  tube  or  more; 
corolla  about6"-8'''  long,  pale  red  and  purple. 

In  moist  fields  and  thickets,  New  York  to  Illi- 
nois, North  Carolina  and  Louisiana.  Ascends  to 
400(j  ft.  in  North  Carolina.    June-Aug. 

4.   Stachys  palustris  L.     Hedge  Nettle.     Marsh  or  Clown's  Woundwort. 

(Fig.  3119.) 

Stachys  palustris  L.  Sp.  PI.  580.      1753- 

Perennial,  hirsute  or  pubescent  all  over; 
stem  erect,  strict,  simple  or  somewhat  branch- 
ed, commonly  slender,  and  retrorse-hispid  on 
the  angles,  i°-4°  high.  Leaves  firm,  lanceo- 
late, oblong,  or  oblong-lanceolate,  sessile,  or 
very  short-petioled,  acuminate  or  acute  at  the 
apex,  truncate,  cordate  or  subcordate  at  the 
base,  2'-^'  long,  %'-i'  wide,  crenulate  or 
dentate;  flower-clusters  forming  an  elongated 
interrupted  spike,  sometimes  also  in  the  upper 
axils;  flowers  6-10  in  a  whorl;  calyx  pubescent, 
its  subulate  teeth  more  than  one-half  as  long 
as  the  tube;  corolla  purplish  to  pale  red,  purple 
spotted,  6"-8"  long,  its  upper  lip  pubescent. 

^*  In  moist  soil,  Newfoundland  to  the  Northwest 
Territory  and  Oregon,  south  to  southern  New 
York,  Illinois,  Michigan,  and  in  the  Rocky  Moun- 
tains to  New  Mexico.  Also  in  Europe  and  Asia. 
June-Sept.  Old  names.  Clown's  Heal  or  All-heal, 
Cock-head,  Dead  Nettle,  Rough  Weed.   June-Sept. 


98 


IvAItlATAK. 

5 


[Vol,.  III. 


Stachys  aspera  Miclix.    Rough  Hedge 
Nettle  or  Woundwort.    (  Fig.  3120.) 

S/ai/irs  as/>rra  Miclix.  I'M.  lior.  Am.  2:  ,s.      iSii^ 

Slaclivs  hisf'iiia  riirsli,  Kl.  Am.  Sfpt.  407.      i8i.(. 

i".  paliiilris  v;w.  asf>eia  A.  Gray,  Jlaii.  \'A.  2,  317.    1856. 

Perennial,  rough  h.iiry;  stem  erect  or  ascendinj;, 
simple  or  branched,  2°-4°  high,  cotntnonly  retrorsc- 
liispid  on  the  angles.  Leaves  firm,  oblong,  oblong- 
lanceolate.or  ovate-oblong.crenate-dentatc,  acute  or 
acuminate  at  the  apex,  truncate,  rounded  or  cor- 
date at  the  base,  2''-6''  long,  ^'-2^2' wide,  the  lower 
slcnder-petioled,  the  upper  short-petioled;  spike 
terminal,  mostly  interrupted;  clusters  soraethnes 
also  in  the  upper  axils;  calyx  about  3"  long,  hirsute 
or  glabrate,  its  teeth  triangular-lanceolate,  acumi- 
nate, about  one-half  as  long  as  the  tube;  corolla 
red-purple,  about  %'  long,  its  upper  lip  pubescent. 

In  moist  Sdil,  Ontario  to  I'lorida,  Sliiniesota  and 
Louisiana.     Ascends  to  531  oft.  in  Virginia.    June-Sept. 


Stachys  cord£lta  Riddell.     Light-green  Hedge  Nettle. 

Stachys  cordala  Riddell,  Siippl.  Cat.  Oliio  PI.  15.      iS -/>. 
Stachys  Nutlallii  Sliutlw.;  Bentli.   in  DC.  I'rodr.  12: 

469.      1848. 
Stachys  f>alustris  var.  coidala  A.  Gray,  Man.  IJd.  2, 

317.      1856. 

Perennial,  hirsute,  pale  green;  stem  slender, 
weak,  mostly  simple,  ascending  or  reclining,  2°-3° 
long.  Leaves  membranous,  flaccid,  ovate,  oblong 
or  ovate-lanceolate,  acuminate,  acute  or  the  lowest 
obtuse  at  the  apex,  nearly  all  of  them  cordate  at 
the  base,  dentate  or  crenate  all  around,  long-peti- 
oled,  3'-6'  long,  i'-3'  wide,  the  lowest  petioles 
nearly  as  long  as  the  blades;  spike  interrupted; 
calyx-teeth  subulate-lanceolate,  about  half  the 
length  of  the  tube;  corolla  purplish,  pubescent  or 
puberulent,  about  5"  long. 

In  woods  and  thickets,  Ohio  to  North  Carolina  and 
Tennessee.    Ascends  to  2100  ft.  in  Virginia.    ]uly-Aug. 


7.   Stachys  arvensis  I,.     Corn  or  Field 
Woundwort.     (Fig.  3122.) 

stachys  arvensis  L.  Sp.  PI.  Ed.  2,  814.      1763. 

Annual,  hirsute;  stem  very  slender,  diffusely 
branched,  decumbent  or  ascending,  t,'-2°  long. 
Leaves  ovate  or  ovate-oblong,  thin,  long-petioled, 
obtuse  at  the  apex,  crenate  all  around,  cordate  or 
the  upper  rounded  at  the  base,  about  i'  long;  lower 
petioles  commonly  as  long  as  the  blades;  clusters 
4-6-flowered,  borne  in  the  upper  axils  and  in  short 
terminal  spikes;  calyx  about  3"  long,  its  teeth  lan- 
ceolate, acuminate,  nearly  as  long  as  the  tube; 
corolla  purplish,  ^"-s"  long. 

In  waste  places,  Maine,  Massachusetts,  and  in  bal- 
last about  the  eastern  seaports.  Naturalized  from 
Europe.    July-Oct. 


ai.   BETONICA  L.  Sp.  PI.  582.      1753. 
Annual  or  perennial  herbs,  similar  to  Stachys.    Lower  leaves  very  long-petioled.    Verti- 
cils many-flowered,   in  terminal  spikes.     Calyx    nearly  equally  5-tootbed,    s-io-nerved. 
Corolla  purple,  the  tube  exceeding  the  calyx,  the  limb  strongly  2-lipped;  upper  lip  concave; 


Vol,.  III.] 


MINT  FAMILY. 


99 


", 


lower  3-cleft,  spreading.     vStamens  and  pistil  as  in  Stachys,  but  the  anther-sacs  parallel  in 
some  species.     Nutlets  ovoid,  rounded  above.     [The 
classical  Latin  name  of  Wood  Hetouy.] 

Ten  species,  cir  more,  natives  of  Uurop^  ami  Asia. 

I.    Betonica  officinMis  L.     Betony.     Wood    (  '^\ 
Hetony.     (Fig.  3123.) 

nelonica  ofticinalis  I„  Sp.  I'l.  57.5.      ^^S^■ 
Slachys  lUlonica  lientli.  l,ab.  Gen.  S:  Sp.  5,V.      i**,U. 
Perennial,  pilose  or  glabrate,  deep  j»rceu;  stem  ! 
der,  erect,  usually  simple,  i°-3°  tall.     Leaves  oblong 
or  ovale,  obtuse  at  the  apex,  crenate  all  around,  firm, 
cordate  or  truncate  at  the  base,  the  basal  and  lower 
ones  very  long-petioled,  the  blades  3'-6'   long,  the 
the  upper  distant,  short-petioled  or  nearly  se.ssilc; 
lower  petioles  i^'2-4  times  as  loug  as  the  blades;  spike 
short,  dense;  bracts  ovate,  mucronate,  about  as  long 
as  the  calyx;  calyx-teeth  acicular,  half  as  long  as  the 
tube  or  more;  corolla-tube  exserted. 

In  a  thicket  at  Newton,  Mass.     Fugitive  from  Knropc. 
Also  called  Bishop's  wort  and  Wild  Hop.    July-Scpt. 

22.  SALVIA  I..  Sp.  PI.  23.  1753. 
Herbs,  or  some  species  shrubs,  with  clustered  usually  showy  flowers,  the  clusters  mot,tly 
spiked,  racemed,  or  panicled.  Calyx  ovoid,  tubular  or  campanulate,  mostly  naked  in  the 
throat,  2-lipped;  upper  lip  entire  or  3-toolhed;  lower  lip  2-cleft  or  2-toothed.  Corolla 
strongly  2-lipped;  upper  lip  usually  concave,  sometimes  arched,  entire,  emarginate  or 
2-lobed;  lower  lip  spreading,  3-eleft  or  3-lobed.  Anther-bearing  '  imens  2  (the  posterior 
pair  wanting  or  rudimentary);  fdaments  usually  short;  connective  of  the  anthers  transverse, 
linear  or  filiform,  bearing  a  perfect  anther-sac  on  its  upper  end,  its  lower  end  dilated,  capi- 
tate or  sometimes  bearing  a  small  or  rudimentary  one.  Ovary  deeply  4-partcd;  style  2-cleft 
at  the  summit.  Nutlets  smooth,  usually  developing  mucilage  and  spiral  tubes  when  wetted. 
[Latin,  salvus,  safe,  from  its  healing  virtues.] 

About  500  species,  of  wide  distribution  in  temperate  and  tropical  regions, 
ing,  some  25  others  occur  in  southern  and  western  North  America. 
Leaves  mostly  basal,  only  1-3  pairs  on  the  stem. 

Leaves  lyrate-pinnatiful  or  repand;  upper  corolla-lip  short. 
Leaves  crenulate;  upper  lip  arched,  longer  than  the  lower. 
Stem  leafy,  bearing  several  pairs  of  leaves. 
Leaves  narrowly  oblong,  or  lanceolate. 

Corolla  io"-i5"  long,  its  tube  exserted. 
Corolla  4" -6"  long,  its  tube  not  exserted. 
I<eaves  ovate,  or  broadly  oval. 

Upper  corolla-lip  short,  not  exceeding  the  lower. 

Leaves  merely  crenate  or  crenulate;  fruiting  calyx  spreading. 
Leaves  pinnatifid,  sinuate  or  incised;  fruiting  calyx  deflexed. 
Upper  lip  of  corolla  arched,  longer  than  the  lower. 

I.  Salvia  lyr^ta  L.     Lyre-leaved  Sage, 
(Fig.  3124.) 

Salvia  lyrata  L.  Sp.  PI.  23.      1753. 

Perennial  or  biennial,  hirsute  or  pubescent; 
stem  slender,  simple,  or  sparingly  branched, 
erect,  i°-3°  high,  bearing  i  or  2  distant  pairs  of 
small  leaves  (rarely  leafless),  and  several  rather 
distant  whorls  of  large  violet  flowers.  Basal 
leaves  tufted,  long-petioled,  obovate  or  broadly 
oblong,  lyrate-pinnatifid  or  repand-dentate,  thin, 
3'-8'  long;  stem-leaves  simitar,  or  narrower  and 
entire,  sessile,  or  short-petioled;  clusters  about 
6-flowered;  calyx  campanulate,  the  teeth  of  its 
upper  lip  subulate,  those  of  the  lower  longer, 
aristulate;  corolla  about  i'  long,  the  tube  very 
narrow  below,  the  upper  lip  much  smaller  than 
the  lower;  filaments  slender;  anther-sacs  borne 
on  both  the  upper  and  lower  ends  of  the  con- 
nective, the  lower  one  often  smaller. 

In  dry,  mostly  sandy  woods  and  thickets.  New 
Jersey  to  Florida,  west  to  Illinois,  Arkansas  and 
Texas.    Corolla  rarely  undeveloped.    May-July. 


Besides  the  follow- 


5.  lyrata. 
S.  pialen.'is. 


S.  Pitcheri. 
S.  laiiccolala. 


S.  Hrlici/olia. 
S.  verbcnaca. 
S.  Sclarca. 


-TT 


loo 


I^AniATAE. 


[Vor,.  III. 


3.   Salvia  Pitcheri  Torr, 

Sage.     (Fig,  3126.) 

Salvia  Pilclieii  ton.;  Heiitli.  I,ab.  251.     1833. 
Sah'ia  a:uiea  var.   niandiflora    lifnth.   111    DC. 
I'rodr.  la:  302.      1848. 

Perennial,  downy;  stem  stout,  branched  or 
simple,  erect,  2°-5°  high;  branches  nearly  erect. 
Leaves  linear  or  linear-oblong,  dentate  to  en- 
tire, sessile,  or  narrowed  at  the  base  into  short 
petioles,  firm,  2'-^'  long,  2"-S'''  wide,  the  up- 
permost reduced  to  small  bracts;  clusters  in 
long  dense  terminal  spikes,  or  the  lower  ones 
distant;  calyx  oblong-campanulate,  densely 
and  finely  woolly,  about  3"  long,  its  upper  lip 
entire,  obtuse,  the  lower  with  2  ovate  acute 
teeth;  corolla  blue,  finely  pubescent  without,  \' 
long,  its  lower  lip  broad,  sinuatcly  3-lobed, 
longer  than  the  concave  upper  one;  lower  ends 
of  the  connectives  dilated,  often  adherent  to 
each  other,  destitute  of  anther- sacs. 

On  dry  plains,  Missouri,  Kansas  and  Colorado  to 
Texas.    Introduced  into  Illinois.    July-Sept. 


2.  Salvia  pratensis  ly.     Meadow  Sage. 

(Fig.  3125.) 

Salvia  pratensis  I,.  Sp.  I'l,  25.      1753. 

Perennial,  pubescent  or  puberulcnt;  stem 
erect,  rather  stout,  simple  or  little  branched, 
sparingly  leafy.  Basal  leaves  long-pctio!ed, 
ovate,  oblong,  or  ovate-lanceolate,  irregularly 
crenulate,  obtuse  at  the  apex,  rounded  or  cor- 
date at  the  base,  thick,  rugose,  2'-7'  long; 
stem  leaves  much  smaller,  narrower,  commonly 
acute,  sessile  or  nearly  so;  clusters  spicate,  the 
spike  elongated,  interrupted;  calyx  campanu- 
late,  glandular-pubescent,  the  teeth  of  the  up- 
per lip  minute,  those  of  the  lower  long,  subulate; 
corolla  purple,  minutely  glandular,  its  upper 
lip  strongly  arched,  mostly  longer  than  the 
lower;  lower  end  of  the  connective  with  a 
small  or  imperfect  anther-sac. 

Atlantic  Co.,  N.  J.  Fugitive  or  adventive  from 
Hurope.     May-July. 

Pitcher's  i;^ 


4.    Salvia  lanceol^ta  Willd.     Lance-leaved 
Sage.     (Fig.  3127,) 

Salvia  lanceolala  Willd.  Enum.  37.      1809. 

Annual,  pubcrulent  or  glabrous;  stem  leafy,  usually 
much  branched,  erect  or  diffuse,  e'-iS'  high.  Leaves 
oblong,  Hnear-oblong  or  oblong-lanceolate,  petiolcd, 
mostly  obtuse  at  the  apex  and  narrowed  at  the  base, 
crenulate-dentatc  or  entire,  i'-2'  long,  2'^-^"  wide, 
the  upper  reduced  to  lanceolate-subulate,  rather  per- 
sistent bracts;  flowers  mostly  opposite,  but  sometimes 
3-4  together  in  the  terminal  spike-like  racemes;  pedi- 
cels shorter  than  the  campauulatc  calyx;  calyx  2"-^ 
long,  its  upper  lip  ovate,  entire,  the  lower  2-cleft,  the 
teeth  ovate,  mucronatc;  corolla  blue  (?)  about  4" 
long,  its  lower  lip  narrow,  twice  as  long  as  the  upper; 
lower  ends  of  the  connectives  dilated. 

On  plains,  Nebraska  and  Colorado  to  Texas,  Arizona 
and  Mexico.    May-Sept. 


Vol,.  III.] 


MINT 


5.   Salvia  urticifdlia  L.     Nettle-leaved 

Sage.     (Fig.  3 '28.) 
Sal:  lit  ur/iii/dlia  I,.  Sp.  I'l.  zj.      i75,v 

rereiiiiial,  putiesceiit,  puberulent  or  nearly 
glabrous;  stem  Klandular  above,  rather  slender, 
ascendin>;  or  erect,  \°-2°  high.  Leaves  thin, 
ovate,  3'-4'  lonn,  irregularly  dentate  or  crenate- 
dentate,  usually  acute  at  the  apex,  abruptly 
contracted  below  into  margined  petiolcsj  clus- 
ters several  flowered,  in  terminal  interrupted 
spikes;  bracts  early  deciduous;  calyx  oblong- 
canipanulate,  about  3"  long,  the  upper  lip  mi- 
nutely 3-toothed,  the  lower  2-cleft,  its  teeth 
triangular-lanceolate,  acuminate,  spreading  in 
fruit;  corolla  puberulent  without,  6"-S"  long, 
blue  and  white,  the  lower  lip  broad,  3-lobcd, 
twice  as  long  as  the  upper;  lower  ends  of  the 
connectives  dilated. 

In  woods  and  thicki'ts,  Marylatiu  to  Kentucky, 
south  to  Georgia  and  Louisiana.    Ajjril-Juuf. 

.;/      . 


6.  Salvia  verben^ca  L.     Wild  Sage. 
Wild  Clary.     (Fig.  3129.) 

Salvia  verbenaca  L.  Sp.  PI.  25.      175,^. 

Perennial;  stem  glandular-pubescent,  erect, 
simple  or  sparingly  branched,  i  °-2°  high.  Leaves 
ovate,  ovate-lanceolate  or  oblong,  coarsely  and 
irregularly  incised-dentatc  or  pinDatifid,petioled, 
or  the  uppermost  sessile,  the  lower  3''-8'  long, 
obtuse  at  the  apex,  cordate  at  the  base,  nearly 
glabrous,  the  upper  acute,  much  smaller;  floral 
bracts  broadly  ovate,  short;  clusters  several- 
flowered  in  elongated  terminal  interrupted 
spikes;  pedicels  shorter  than  the  calyx;  calyx 
deflexed  in  fruit,  2>"-\"  long,  its  upper  lip  re- 
curved-spreading,  with  3  minute  connivent  teeth, 
the  lower  one  with  2  lanceolate  acuminate 
nmcrouate  teeth;  corolla  blue,  about  4"  long, 
its  upper  lip  nearly  straight,  scarcely  longer  than 
the  lower;  lower  ends  of  the  connectives  dilated 
and  adnate  to  each  other. 

Ill  waste  places,  Ohio  to  South  Carolina.  Natural- 
ized from  ICurope.    Native  also  of  Asia.  June-Aujf. 


7.  Salvia  Scl£trea  I,.     Clary.     Clear- 
eye.     See-bright.     (Fig.  3130.) 

Salvia  Sclarea  \^.  Sp.  PI.  27.      1753. 

Biennial  or  annual,  glandular-pubescent; 
stem  stout,  erect,  2°-3>^°  high.  Leaves 
broadly  ovate,  rugose,  acute  or  obtuse  at  the 
apex,  cordate  at  the  base,  irregularly  dentate- 
crenate  or  denticulate,  the  lower  long-petiolcd, 
6'-8'  long,  the  upper  small,  short-petioled  or 
sessile;  clusters  several-flowered,  numerous  in 
terminal  spikes;  bracts  broad,  ovate,  acumin- 
ate, commonly  longer  than  the  calyx,  pink  or 
white;  calyx  campanulate,  deflexcd-sprcading 
in  fruit,  \"-'=)"  long,  its  lips  about  equal,  the 
teeth  all  subulate-acicular;  corolla  blue  and 
■white,  about  \'  long;  upper  lip  arched,  laterally 
compressed,  longer  than  the  lower  one;  lower 
portions  of  the  connectives  dilated. 

In  fields,  Pennsylvania,  escaped  from  gardens, 
Naturalized  from  Europe.  The  mucilage  of  the 
seeds  used  to  clear  specks  from  the  eye.  June-Aug. 


I03 


LAIilATAI- 


[Vol..  III. 


23.  MONARDA  L.  S]).  PI.  22.  175.V 
Perenninl  or  ntimi.il  or'-cl  aroiniitii-  lii-rlm,  willi  ilfiitiitc  or  nL-rralc  li-avcs,  nnd  rather 
lar^e  white  ri-il  jnirple  yellowish  or  iiiottleil  llowiTS,  in  ileiiso  capitate  ilusters,  mostly  liract- 
cate  mill  bractcolatf,  tenniiial  aiitl  sotiirtiines  also  axillary,  the  liracts  sotnetitiieH  liri^htly 
colored.  Calyx  tulmlar,  narrow,  i.siierved,  nearly  or  c|uite  eciually  5-tootlied,  mostly  villouft 
in  the  throat.  Corolla  Klabrou!)  within,  usually  piilieruleiit  or  K''><<<1'dar  witliout,  the  tuhe 
slightly  ilil.itcd  ahove,  the  limb  2-lippeil;  upper  lip  erect  or  archeil,  emar).;itiati>  or  entire; 
lower  lij)  spreadinK,  .vlolicd,  the  middle  lolie  larger  or  longer  than  the  othcrH.  .\ntlier- 
heariuK  stamens  2,  asceiidiuf;,  usually  exserted,  the  posterior  pair  (staminodiai  rudimentary 
or  wanting?;  anthers  linear,  versatile,  2-eelleil,  tlie  sacs  divaricate,  more  or  less  confluent  at 
thel)ase.  Ovary  deeply  .|-])arted;  style  2-clefl  at  1  he  apex;  nutletsovoid,  smooth.  [In  honor 
of  Nicolas  Monardcs,  n  Spanish  physician  and  botanist  of  the  sixteenth  century.] 

Aliiiut  10  species,  natives  of  Noitli  Atiicriea  ami  Mexico. 
Klower  chistiTs  solitary,  terminal  (r.iii  ly  also  in  the  iipperniost  axils). 
Leaves  manilestly  petiiiled.  tile  petiules  enmiiKiiily  slender. 

('oroUa  scarlet,  1 '   '   2'  Imin;  liracts  red.  1.  .1/.  Jittjiiia. 

Corolla  white,  pink,  or  purple.  I'-i  '/  loiiif- 

Leaves  iiiemhraiious;  corolla  slinhtly  puticsceiit,  10"    ij"  lon^.        2.   .1/.  Clinnpodia. 
Leaves  thin  or  linn;  eoiolla  puluseent,  1'    1  '  '  lon^. 
I'uliesceiice  spreading;  leavis  tliiii. 

Corolla  cream  color,  jiitik.  or  (lurplish. 
Corolla  or  bracts  deep  jmriile  or  purple  red. 
Pubescence  short,  canesceiit;  leaves  linn,  pale. 
I.e.ives  sessile,  or  very  short  pctiolcd. 
Flower  clusters  both  axillary  and  terminal. 

Calyx  teelli  triaiiKularlaneeolate;  corolla  yellowish,  mottled. 
Calyx  teeth  subulate  aristate;  corolla  wliili'  or  purple,  not  mottled. 


;1A  fisliilKsa. 

M.  ntfiiia. 

ilA  scahid. 

M.  Ihadburiana. 

Af.  punctata. 
M.  ciiriodoia. 


X.    Monarda  didyma 


L.     Oswego  Tea 


American  Bee  Balm.     (Fig.  3131.) 

AfoiiaiJa  ilidynia  I,.  ,Sp.  I'l.  22.      17,53. 

Perennial;  stem  stout,  simple  or  branched, 
villous  pubescent,  at  least  at  the  nodes,  or  gla- 
brate,  2°-,{°  high.  Leaves  thin,  ovate  or  ovate- 
lanceolate,  petioled,  dark  green,  usually  with 
some  villous  pubescence  beneath  and  short  scat- 
tered hairs  above,  acuminate  at  apex,  rounded  or 
narrowed  at  the  base,  sharply  serrate,  3'-6'  long, 
1 '-3' wide;  lower  petioles  often  i'  long;  flower- 
clusters  almost  always  solitary,  terminal;  bracts 
commonly  red;  calyx  incurved,  nearly  or  quite 
glabrous  without,  slightly  hirsute  in  the  throat, 
its  teeth  subulate,  nearly  erect,  about  as  long  as 
thediameterof  the  tube;  corolla  scarlet,  iVi'-a' 
long,  sparingly  puberulent;  stamens  exserted. 

In  moist  soil,  especially  aXowK  streams.  New 
lirunswick  (?)  to  Ontario  and  MichiKin,  south  to 
Georgia.  Ascends  to  521x1  ft.  in  North  Carolina. 
Called  also  Fragrant  Kalni,  Mountain  Mint  and  In- 
dian's Plume.     July-Sept. 


2.   Monarda  Clinopddia  I.,.     Basal  Balin. 

(Fig.  3132,) 

Monarda  Clinopodia  I,.  Sp.  PI.  22.      17,53. 
Pycnanlhemum  Monardella  Michx.  Fl.   Dor.  Am.   3: 

8.  pl.s4-    1803. 

Perennial;  stem  slender,  simple,  or  with  few  long 
ascending  branches,  glabrous  or  slightly  villous, 
i°-3°  high.  Leaves  lanceolate,  ovate  or  ovate- 
lanceolate,  membranous,  bright  green,  mostly  slen- 
der-petioled,  more  or  less  villous  on  the  veins  be- 
neath and  puberulent  above,  acuminate  at  the 
apex,  rounded,  narrowed  or  rarely  subcordate  at 
the  base,  sharply  serrate,  2'-\'  long,  Yi'-i'  wide; 
clusters  solitary,  terminal;  bracts  pale  or  white; 
calyx  curved,  nearly  glabrous  without,  somewhat 
hirsute  in  the  throat,  its  teeth  subulate,  slightly 
spreading,  about  as  long  as  the  diameter  of  the 
tube;  corolla  yellowish-pink,  slightly  pubescent, 
\o"-\i"  long;  stamens  exserted. 

In  woods  and  thickets,  Ontario  to  Georgia  and  Ken- 
tucky.   Ascends  to  5000  ft.  in  North  Carolina.    June-Aug, 


Vol,.  III.] 


MINT   rAMILV. 


103 


3.  Monarda  fistuldsa  I..     Wild  Uciga- 
inot.     (Via.  ,^i,VV) 

Afiiiiiiitia  /islii/ii\,i  I,.  Sj).  IM.  J.',      I-SV 
AfoiKinla  niti//h  I,.  Ainncii.  Aiail.  3    vi'i.      I7,S1 
Afiiiiiti://!  Ji^/ii/nut  var,  inii//i.\  lliiilli.  I.ali.  ('iiii.  N: 

Sp.  ,(17.     Ill  part.      jHv;. 

rtrcimial,  villoiis-pubi-aecnt  or  f{l->'>rntc;  stciii 
sli'iidfr,  usually  l)raiiclii;(l,  J"-^"  liiRli.  I.cavt'si 
thin  l)ilt  not  tni'iiiliraiiou!),  Krt'L'ti,  iiKiially  slen- 
der pttioled,  laiutolate,  ovate  or  ovati'-laiicco. 
late,  nctiininate  at  tlie  apex,  serrate,  roundt'il, 
narrowed  or  sometimes  cordate  at  the  liase,  I  'i  '- 
4'  loiiK,  '•'-!' 1'  wide;  clusters  solitary  and 
terminal,  or  rarely  also  in  the  nppermost  axils; 
limits  whitish  or  purplish;  calyx  puberuleiit  or 
fflabrous,  densely  villons  in  the  throat,  its  sulni- 
latc  teeth  rarely  lonxL'r  than  the  diameter  of  the 
tuhe;  corolla  puhescent,  especially  on  the  upper 
lip,  yellowish-pink  or  purplish,  i'-i>j'  long; 
stamens  exserted. 

On  dry  hills  and  in  thiikets.  Maine  and  Onta- 
rio ti)  Minnesota,  south  to  I'lorida  ami  Louisiana. 
Aseeiuls  to  2500  It.  in  Virginia.     Jiiiit-Sepl. 


4.    Monarda  media  Willd.      Purple 
Bergamot.     (Fig.  3134.) 

.Tfniiaxia  lufiiia  Willd.  ICnuni.  .12.      iSoq. 
Afi>)iaida  /isliilosii  var.  nihra  A.  Gray,  Syii.  I'l. 

a:  I'atl  1,  37(.      1878. 
M.  Jis/iilo.sa  var.  ireilia  A.  dray,  loc.  cit.     i.''7H. 

rcrennial,  sparingly  Imiry  or  glabrale; 
stem  stout,  commonly  branched,  2°-i%° 
high.  Leaves  thin,  hut  not  membranous, 
dark  green,  ovate  or  ovate-lanceolate,  or 
the  uppermost  lanceolate,  slender-petioled, 
acuminate  at  the  apex,  sharply  toothed,  us- 
ually rounded  at  the  base,  ,^'-5'  long,  i'-3' 
wide;  flower-clusters  terminal,  solitary,  large; 
bracts  deep  purple,  very  conspicuous;  calyx 
curved,  glabrous,  or  very  nearly  so,  slightly 
villous  in  the  throat,  teeth  slightly  spreading; 
corolla  purple  or  purple-red,  about  lyi'  lojig, 
its  upper  lip  pubescent;  stamens  exserted. 

In  moist  thickets,  Maine  tu  Pennsylvitnia  and 
Virginia,  along  the  mountains.    June-Aug. 


5.   Monarda  scEtbra  Beck.      Pale  Wild 
Bergamot.     (Fig.  3135,) 

Monarda sculua  Ikck,  Am.  Journ.  ,Sci.  lo: 260.  1826. 
Monarda  Oslulaa  var.  mollis  Benth.  I<ab.  Gen,  & 

Sp,  317.     In  part.      1883. 

Perennial;  stem  slender,  puberulent  at  least 
above,  usually  branched,  i°-2>2°  high.  Leaves 
thick  or  firm,  pale,  usually  short-petiolcd,  acum- 
inate or  acute  at  the  apex,  rounded,  narrowed 
or  cordate  at  the  base,  sharply  or  sparingly  ser- 
rate, cancscent  or  puberulent,  rarely  nearly  gla- 
brous, sometimes  with  a  few  scattered  spiead- 
ing  hairs  on  the  veins  or  petiole,  i'-i)i'  long, 
yi'-i'  wide;  flower- clusters  terminal,  solitary; 
bracts  green  or  slightly  piak,  calyx  puberulent, 
often  hairy  at  the  summit,  densely  villous  in 
the  throat,  its  short  subulate  teeth  nearly  erect; 
corolla  yellowish  or  pink,  about  i  J4  '  long,  pubes- 
cent, sometimes  glandular;  stamens  exserted. 

On  prairies  and  plains,  mostly  in  dry  soil.  North- 
west Territory  and  British  Columbia  to  Nebraska, 
Missouri,  Texas  and  Arizona,    June-Aug, 


'-*:f7fi<c  ^f.-w^ijTf-^ 


104 


LABIATAE. 


[Vol,.  III. 


6.    Monarda  Bradburi^na  Beck. 
Bradburj''s  Monarda.     (Fig.  3136.) 

Monarda  liradhui  iaiia  Heck    Am.  Jourii.  Sci. 

10:  2(10.      1S26. 

Perennial,  sparingly  villous  or  glabrate; 
stem  slender,  often  simple,  i°-2°  liigli. 
Leaves  rather  thin,  bright  green,  ovate  or 
ovate-lanceolate,  sessile,  or  very  nearly  so,  or 
partly  clasping  by  the  cordate  or  siibcordate 
base,  acuminate  at  the  apex,  serrate,  2'-3>i'' 
long;  flower-clusters  solitary  and  terminal; 
bracts  green  or  purplish;  calyx  glabrous  out- 
side, hirsute  vithin  and  narrowed  at  the 
throat,  its  teeth  long,  bristle-pointed,  diver- 
gent, longer  than  the  diameter  of  the  tube; 
corolla  pink  or  nearly  white,  about  i'  long,  its 
upper  lip  pubescent  or  puberulent,  the  lower 
commonly  purple-spotted;  stamens  cxserted. 

On  dry  hills  or  in  thickets,  Illinois  to  Ala- 
bama, west  to  Missouri  and  Kansas.     JIay-July. 


"*1-^ 


7.  Monarda  punctata  L.     Horse-mint. 

(Fig-  3137-) 
Monarda  punctata  L.  Sp.  V\.  22.     1753. 

Perennial,  usually  rather  densely  pubescent  or 
downy ;  stem  usually  much  branched,  2°-3°  high. 
Leaves  lanceolate,  linear-lanceolate  or  narrowly 
oblong,  serrate  with  low  teeth,  or  nearly  entire, 
usually  acute  at  both  ends,  green,  manifestly  pet- 
ioled,  I'-'s'  long,  i"-";"  wide,  often  with  smaller 
ones  fascicled  in  their  axils;  flower-clusters  axil- 
lary and  terminal,  numerous;  bracts  white  or 
purplish,  conspicuous,  acute;  calyx  puberulent, 
villous  in  the  throat,  its  teeth  short,  triangular- 
lanceolate,  acute,  not  longer  than  the  diameter 
of  the  tube;  corolla  yellowish,  purple-spotted, 
about  \'  long,  the  stamens  equalling  or  slightly 
surpassing  its  pubescent  upper  lip. 

In  dry  fields,  southern  New  York  to  Florida,  west 
to  Wisconsin  and  Texas.    July-Oct. 

8. 


Monarda  citrioddra  Cerv. 
Monarda.     (Fig.  3138.) 


Lemon 


M.  citriodora  Cerv.;  Lag.  Nov.  Gen.  &  Sp.  2.    1816. 
Monarda  aristata  Niitt.  Trans.  Am.  Pliil.  Soc.  ( II. ) 
5:  186.      iS,,,,-37. 

Annual,  puberulent;  stem  stout,  simple  or 
branched,  i°-2°  high.  Leaves  lanceolate  or 
oblong-lanceolate,  mostly  sharply  serrate  or 
serrulate,  acute  at  the  apex,  narrowed  at  the 
base,  l''-3'  long,  2"-()"  wide;  flower-clusters 
axillary  and  terminal,  several  or  numerous; 
bracts  white  or  purple,  conspicijous,  awncd  at 
the  tip,  the  awns  becoming  recurved;  calyx- 
tube  nearly  glabrous,  the  throat  densely  villous, 
the  teeth  bristle-pointed,  barbed,  divergent  or 
spreading,  nearly  half  as  long  as  the  tube ; 
corolla  pink  or  nearly  white,  not  spotted,  nearly 
or  quite  glabrous,  10' '-12'''  long;  stamens  not 
exserted. 

On  dry  plains,  Nebraska  and  Colorado  to  Mis- 
.souri,  Texas  and  Arizona.     Naturalized  in  Tennes- 
see (according  to  Gray).    June-Sept. 
Monarda  clinopodioides  A.  Gray,  a  related  Texan  species,  with  a  slender  stem,  green  or  greenish 
bracts,  and  hirsute  calyx  with  erect  broader  teeth,  may  occur  in  southern  Kansas. 


Voi<.  III.] 


MINT  FAMILY. 


105 


24.    BLEPHILIA  Raf.  Journ.  Phys.  89:  gS.       18 19. 

rerennial  hirsute  or  pubescent  erect  herbs,  with  axillary  and  terminal  dense  glomcrulps 
of  rather  small  purplish  or  bluish  flowers,  or  the  glon;erules  in  terminal  more  or  less  inter- 
rupted spikes.  Calyx  tubular,  13-ncrvcd,  not  villous  in  the  throat,  2-lipped,  the  upper  lip 
3-tootheil,  the  lower  2-toothed,  the  teeth  all  aristate  or  those  of  the  lower  lip  subulate. 
Corolla  glabrous  within,  the  tube  expanded  above,  the  limb  2-Hpped;  upper  lip  erect,  entire; 
lower  lip  3-lobed,  the  middle  lobe  narrower  than  tlie  lateral  ones.  Anther-bearing  (anterior) 
stamens  2,  ascending,  exserted  or  included;  posterior  stamens  reduced  to  filiform  staminodia, 
or  none;  anthers  2-celled,  the  sacs  divaricjite,  somewhat  confluent  at  the  base.  Ovary 
deeply  4-parted;  style  2-cleft  at  the  apex.  Nutlets  ovoid,  smooth.  [Greek,  eyelash,  from 
the  fringed  calyx-teeth.] 

Two  species,  natives  of  eastern  North  Aintrica. 
Pubescence  short;  upper  letives  lanceolate  or  obloup,  sliKhtly  serrate.  i.  H.  ciliala. 

I'libescence  villous;  leaves  ovate  or  ovate-lanceolate,  sharply  serrate.  2.  B.  hirsula. 

I.    Blephilia  cilidta  (I,.)  Raf.     Downy 
Blepliilia.     (Fig.  3139.) 

Monarda  ciliala  I<.  Sp.  PI.  2V      I7,S5. 
lilepliilia  ciliala  Raf.  Journ.  Phys.  89:  9S.      iSig. 

Stem  pubcrulcnt,  or  with  some  short-villous 
pubescence  above,  commonly  simple,  i°-2°  high. 
Lower  leaves  and  those  of  sterile  shoots  ovate  or 
oval,  slender-pctiolcd,  crenate-denticulate,  i'-2' 
long,  the  upper  lanceolate  or  oblong-lanceolate, 
short-petioled  or  sessile,  mostly  acute,  longer  and 
narrower,  nearly  entire;  flower-clusters  in  a  term- 
inal spike  and  in  the  uppermost  axils;  outer  bracts 
ovate  to  lanceolate,  acuminate,  usually  purplish, 
pinnately  veined,  ciliatc;  calyx  hirsute,  the  teeth 
of  the  upper  lip  about  one-third  longer  than  those 
of  the  lower;  corolla  purple,  villouspubescent, 
5'''-6"  long;  stamens  exserted  or  included. 

In  dry  woods  and  thickets,  Massachusetts  to  Michi- 
gan and  Wisconsin,  south  to  Georgia  and  Missouri. 
June-Aug. 


2.   Blephilia  hirsuta  (Pursh)  Torr. 
Hairy  Blephilia.     (Fig.  3140.) 

Afoiiarda  hirsula  Pursh,  Fl.  Am.  Sept.  19.      1814. 
Illephilia  nepeloides  Raf.  Journ.  Phys.  89:  98.      1819. 
Blephilia  hirsula  Torr.  Fl.  U.  S.  27.      182^. 

Stem  villous-pubescent,  usually  branched,  i^i°-3° 
high.  Leaves  membranous,  ovate  or  ovate-lanceo- 
late, acuminate  at  the  apex,  rounded  or  narrowed 
at  the  base,  sharply  serrate,  slender-petioled,  2'-4' 
long,  or  the  lower  shorter  and  broader;  flower- 
dusters  axillary,  or  in  a  short  terminal  spike; 
outer  bracts  lanceolate  or  linear-lanceolate,  long- 
acuminate,  hirsute;  calyx-tube  nearly  glabrous,  its 
teeth  very  villous,  those  of  the  upper  lip  much  ex- 
ceeding the  lower;  corolla  pubescent,  pale  purple, 
rather  conspicuously  darker-spotted,  \"-^"  long. 

In  woods  and  thickets,  Vermont  to  Wisconsin,  south 
to  (leorgia  and  Texas.  Ascends  to  4000  ft  in  North 
Carolina.    June-Sept. 

25.  HEDEOMA  Pers.  Syii.  2:  131.  1807. 
Annual  or  perennial,  strongly  aromatic  and  pungent  herbs,  with  small  entire  or  crenu- 
late  leaves,  and  small  blue  or  purple  flowers  in  axillary  clusters,  these  crowded  into  terminal 
spikes  or  racemes.  Calyx  tubular,  13-nerved,  villous  in  the  throat,  the  mouth  mostly  con- 
tracted in  fruit,  gibbous  on  the  lower  side  at  the  base,  or  nearly  terete,  2-lippcd,  or  nearly 
equally  5-toothcd,  the  upper  lip  3-toothed,  the  lower  2-cleft.  Corolla-limb  2-lippe<l,  the  upper 
lip  erect,  entire,  cmargiuate  or  2-lobed,  the  lower  spreading,  3-cleft.  Terfect  stamens  2,  as- 
cending under  the  upper  lip,  their  anthers  2-celled,  the  sacs  divergent  or  divaricate.  Sterile 
stamens  (staminodia)  J,  minute,  or  none,  very  rarely  anther-bearing.  Ovary  deeply  4-parted; 
style  2-clcft  at  the  summit,  glabrous.     Nutlets  ovoid,  smooth.     [Greek,  sweet  smell.] 


lo6 


I.ABIATAE. 


[Vol,.  III. 


About  15  species,  natives  of  America.     Besides  the  follr)\ving,  some  8  t-thers  occur  in  the  south- 
ern and  soutliwestern  States.     Sometimes  called  Mock  Pennyroyal. 

Teeth  of  the  upper  lip  of  the  calyx  triangular;  leaves  serrate.  i.  H.  pulegioides. 

Teeth  of  both  lips  of  the  calyx  subulate;  leaves  entire. 

Calyx-teeth  all  nearly  eiiual;  annual.  2.  H.  hispiJa. 

Teeth  of  the  lower  lip  nearly  twice  as  long  as  the  upper;  perennial.  3.  //.  DruDiinondii. 

I.    Hedeoma  pulegioides  (L.)  Pers.      American  Pennyroyal.      (Fig.  3141.) 

Melissa  pulegioides  I,.  Sp.  I'l.  ,S9,V      1753. 
Cniiila  pulegioides  I,.  ,Sp.  PI.  lid.  2,  30.      1762. 
Hedeoma  pulegioides  Pers.  Syn.  2;  131.     1807. 

Annual;  stem  very  slender,  erect,  much  branched, 
finely  soft-pubescent,  6'-i8'  hijjh,  the  branches  as- 
cending. Leaves  ovate  to  obovate-ohlong,  petioled, 
sparingly  serrate,  mostly  obtuse  at  the  apex  and  nar- 
rowed at  the  base,  glabrous,  or  sparingly  pubescent, 
thin,  Yz'-iyi'  long,  2"-S"  wide,  the  upper  smaller; 
clusters  lew-flowered,  axillary,  rather  loose;  pedicels 
pubescent,  shorter  than  or  equalling  the  calyx;  calyx 
pubescent,  gibbous,  oblong-ovoid  in  fruit,  its  3  upper 
teeth  triangular,  acute,  not  exceeding  the  2  subu- 
late hispid  lower  ones;  corolla  purple,  about  3"  long; 
rudimentary  stamens  manifest,  capitate  at  the  sum- 
mit, or  rarely  anther-hearing. 

In  dry  fields,  Cape  Breton  Island  to  Ontario  and  Min- 
nesota,  south   to    Florida  and    Nebraska.     Also  called 
>^~     Tick-weed  and  Squaw-mint.    July-Sept. 

2.   Hedeoma  hispida  Pursh.     Rough  Pennyroyal.     (Fig.  3142.) 


Hedeomo,  hispida  Pursh,  Fl.  Am.  Sept.  414. 
Hedeoma  hirla  Nutt.  Gen.  i:  16.      1818. 


1814. 


Annual;  stem  erect,  branched,  slender,  3'-'S' 
high,  pubescent,  the  branches  erect-ascending,  very 
leafy  and  copiously  flowered.  Leaves  linear,  entire, 
firm,  sessile,  or  the  lower  short-petioled,  blunt  or 
subacute  at  the  apex,  narrowed  at  the  base,  more  or 
less  hispid-ciliate  but  otherwise  mostly  glabrous, 
Yi'-x'  long,  about  \"  wide,  the  lower  much  shorter 
and  smaller;  clusters  axillary,  numerous,  crowded, 
several-flowered;  pedicels  pubescent,  shorter  than 
the  calyx;  bracts  subulate,  very  hispid,  about 
equalling  the  calyx;  calyx  oblong,  gibbous,  hispid, 
its  teeth  all  subulate,  nearly  equal  in  length,  up- 
wardly curved  in  fruit,  about  one-half  as  long  as 
the  tube,  the  2  lower  ones  somewhat  narrower  and 
more  hispid  than  the  upper;  corolla  about  3"  long, 
bluish-purple;  sterile  stamens  rudimentary  or  none. 

On  drv  plains,  Illinois  to  the  Northwest  Territory, 
Louisiana,  Arkansas  and  Colorado.     May-Aug. 


3.    Hedeoma  Drumm6ndii  Benth.     Drum- 
mond's  Pennyroyal.      (Fig.  3143.) 

//.  Dyummondii  Benth.  I.ab.  Gen.  &  Sp.  -568.      1814. 
H.  ciliata  Nutt.  Journ.  Acad.  Pliila.  (II.)  i:  183.     1847. 

Perennial  from  a  woody  base,  with  an  ashy  down 
nearly  all  over;  stems  much  branched,  slender,  erect, 
6'-i8'  high,  the  branches  ascending.  Leaves  oblong 
or  linear,  entire  short-petioled  or  sessile,  obtuse  at 
the  apex,  narrowed  at  the  base,  ^"-10"  long,  i"-!^" 
wide,  the  lowest  shorter;  clusters  axillary,  loosely 
few-flowered;  pedicels  puberulent,  about  one-half  as 
long  as  the  calyx  and  equalling  or  longer  than  the 
subulate  bracts;  calyx  cylindric  oblong,  hirsute, 
slightly  gibbous,  its  teeth  all  subulate,  upwardly 
curved  and  connivent  in  fruit,  the  2  lower  nearly 
twice  as  long  as  the  3  upper;  corolla  purple,  \"-fi" 
long;  sterile  stamens  rudimentary  or  none. 

In  dry  soil,  Nebraska  and  Colorado  to  Texas,  Arizona 
and  northern  Mexico.    April-Aug. 


Vor,.  III.] 


MINT  FAMILY. 


107 


26.  MELISSA  L.  Sp.  PI.  592.      1753. 

Leafy  branching  herbs,  with  broad  dentate  leaves,  and  rather  small  white  or  yellowish 
axillary  clustered  somewhat  secund  flowers.  Calyx  oblong-canipanulate,  deflexed  in  fruit, 
15-nerved,  nearly  naked  in  the  throat,  2-lipped;  upper  lip  flat,  3-toothed,  the  lower  a-parted. 
Corolla  exserted,  its  tube  curved-ascending,  enlarged  above,  naked  within,  the  limb  2-lippcd; 
upper  lip  erect,  eniarginate;  lower  lip  3-cleft,  spreading.  Stamens  4,  didynamous,  connivent 
and, ascending  under  the  upper  lip  of  the  corolla;  anthers  2-celled,  their  sacs  divaricate. 
/v  -i^^  iJ'^^^'^J^  Ovary  deeply  4-parted;  style  2-cleft  at  the  sum- 
^\\fA^<^A  \w^/r  /O  '"'t,  the  lobes  subulate.  Nutlets  ovoid,  smooth. 
\\\<//,--'^       V,,l\  11   /':^     [Greek,  bee.] 

About  4  species,  natives  of  Europe  and  western 
Asia, 

I.  Melissa  officinalis  I^.     Garden  or 
Lemon  Balm.    Bee-balm.    (Fig.  3144.) 

Melissa  officinalis  I<.  Sp.  PI.  592.      1753. 

Perennial,  pubescent;  stem  rather  stout,  erect 
or  asceudir.g,  i°-2/4°  high.  Leaves  ovate, 
petioled,  mostly  obtuse  at  both  ends,  sometimes 
cordate,  pinnately  veined,  coarsely  dentate  or 
crenate-deutate,  i'-2'/i'  long.  Flowers  several 
in  the  axillary  clusters;  pedicel  shorter  than 
the  calyx;  calyx  about  3"  long,  the  teeth  of  its 
lower  lip  slightly  exceeding  those  of  the  upper; 
corolla  white,  ^"-Y'  long. 

In  waste  places,  thickets  and  woods,  Maine  to 
Georgia  and  West  VirRinia.  Naturalized  from  Eu- 
rope. Plant  lemon-scented.  Called  also  Balm-leaf, 
Honey-plant,  I'imentary,  Balm-mint.    June-Aug. 

27.  SATUREIA  L.  Sp.  PI.  567.      1753. 

Herbs  or  shrubs,  with  small  entire  leaves,  sometimes  with  smaller  ones  fascicled  in  their 
axils,  and  bracted  purple  flowers  in  dense  terminal  or  axillary  clusters.  Calyx  campanulate, 
mostly  lo-ncrved,  5-toothed,  naked  or  rarely  villous  in  the  throat.  Corolla-limb  alipped, 
the  upper  lip  erect,  flat,  entire  or  emargiuate,  the  lower  spreading,  3-cleft.  Stamens  4,  con- 
nivent under  the  upper  lip  of  the  corolla;  anthers  2-celled,  the  sacs  parallel  or  divaricate. 
Ovary  deeply  4-parted;  style  2-cleft  at  the  summit.  Nutlets  oblong  or  oval.  [The  classical 
Latin  name  of  the  plant,] 

About  18  species,  the  following'  introduced  as 
a  garden  herb  from  Europe,  one  of  doubtful 
affinity  in  Florida,  the  others  of  the  Mediterran- 
ean region, 

I.    Satureia  hortensis  L.      Savory. 
Summer  Savory.     (Fig.  3145.) 

Satureia  horlensis  L,  Sp,  PI.  568,      1753, 

Annual,  puberulent;  stems  erect,  slender, 
much  branched,  6'-i8'  high.  Leaves  linear 
or  linear-oblong,  short-petioled,  entire,  acute 
at  both  ends,  Yz'-iyi'  long,  \"-2"  wide;  clus- 
ters 3"-5"  in  diameter,  terminal  and  in  many 
of  the  upper  axils;  bracts  linear,  small,  minute, 
or  wanting;  calyx  about  equalling  the  corolla- 
tube,  somewhat  pubescent,  its  teeth  subulate, 
about  as  long  as  the  tube,  ciliate;  corolla  little 
longer  than  the  calyx;  stamens  scarcely  ex- 
serted. 

In  waste  places.  New  Brunswick  and  Ontario  to 
Pennsylvania,  west  to  Nevada.  Naturalized  or  ad- 
ventive  from  Europe.    July-Sept. 


a8.   CLINOPODIUM  L.  Sp.  PI.  587.      1753. 
[Cai.amintha  Moencli,  Meth.  408.      1794.] 
Herbs,  or  low  shrubs,  with  entire  or  sparingly  dentate  leaves,  and  rather  large  flowers 
variously  clustered.     Calyx  tubular  or  oblong,  mostly  gibbous  at  the  base,  about  13-nerved, 


io8 


LABIATAE. 


[Vol..  III. 


a-lipped,  naked  or  villous  in  the  throat,  the  upper  lip  3-toothed,  the  lower  2-cleft.  Corolla 
usually  expanded  at  the  throat,  the  tube  straight,  mostly  longer  than  the  calyx,  the  limb 
2-lipped',  upper  lip  erect,  entire  or  eniarginatc;  lower  lip  spreading,  3-clcft.  Stamens  4,  all 
anther-bearing,  didynamous,  ascending  under  the  upper  lip  of  the  corolla,  somewhat  con- 
nivent  in  pairs,  the  longer  mostly  exscrtcd;  anthers  2-celled,  the  sacs  divergent  or  divaricate. 
Ovary  deeply  4-parted;  style  glabrous,  2-cleft  at  the  summit.  Nutlets  ovoid,  smooth. 
[Greek,  bed-foot,  the  flowers  likened  to  a  bed-castor.] 

.\bout  50  species,  natives  of  the  north  temperate  zone.  Resides  the  followinfr,  3  others  occur 
in  the  southeastern  United  States  and  in  California.  Tlie  genus  lias  recently  been  included  in 
Salureia  by  Uriiiuet  (Hnfjler  &  Prantl,  Nat.  I'd.  I'am.  4:  Abt.  3a,  296). 

-X-  Flower-clusters  dense,  axillary  and  terminal,  setaceous-bracted.  I.  C.  I'Ulgaie. 

•A-  -X-   Flower-clusters  loose,  axillary,  or  forming  terminal  thyrses;  bracts  small. 

Plants  pubescent;  introd'.iced  species. 

Clusters  peduncled;  >'alyx  not  gibbous;  upper  leaves  very  small;  perennials. 

Leaves  S'-i'  long;  corolla  somewhat  exceeding  the  calyx.  2.   C.  Xepeta. 

Leaves  \' -2'  long:  corolla  at  least  twice  as  long  as  the  calyx.  ,v   C.  Calaminlha. 

Clusters  sessile;  calyt  very  gibbous;  plant  leafy,  annual.  4.  C.  Actnos. 

Plants  glabrous;  native  .species. 

Leaves  linear  or  the  lower  spatulate,  entire;  corolla  .^"  long.  5.  C.  glabrum 


Leaves  oblong  or  oblong-lanceolate,  serrate;  corolla  6"-7"  long. 


6.  C.  glahelliim. 


I.  Clinopodium  vulg^re  L.     Field  or  Wild  Basil.     Basil-weed.   (Fig.  3146.) 


Clinopodium  x'lil^are  L.  Sp.  I'l.  587.      17,^3. 

Melissa  Clinopodium  Bentli.  Lab.  Gen.  &  Sp.  .^93.    1S34. 

Calaminlha  Clinopodium  Benth.  in  DC.  Prodr.  12:233. 

1S4S. 

Perennial  by  short  creeping  stolons,  hirsute; 
stem  slender,  erect  from  an  ascending  base,  usually 
branched,  sometimes  simple,  i°-2°  high.  Leaves 
ovate  or  ovate-lanceolate,  petioled,  obtuse  or  acut- 
ish,  entire,  undulate  or  crenate- dentate,  rounded, 
truncate  or  sometimes  narrowed  at  the  base,  thin, 
i'-2}4'  long;  flowers  in  dense  axillary  and  terminal 
capitate  clusters  about  i'  in  diameter;  bracts  seta- 
ceous, hirsute-ciliate,  usually  as  long  as  the  calyx- 
tube;  calyx  pubescent,  somewhat  gibbous,  the 
setaceous  teeth  of  its  lower  lip  rather  longer  than 
the  broader  ones  of  the  upper;  corolla  purple,  pink, 
or  white,  little  exceeding  the  calyx-teeth. 

In  woods  and  thickets,  Nova  Scotia  to  West  Virginia, 
Minnesota  and  Manitoba,  south  in  tlie  Rocky  Moun- 
tains to  Colorado.  Ascends  to  4000  ft.  in  Virginia.  Per- 
haps introduced  eastward.  Native  of  Europe  and  Asia. 
Called  Stone  Basil,  Bed'sfoot,  Horse  Thyme.  June-Oct. 


Clinopodium  Nepeta  (L.)  Kuntze.      Field  Balm. 

(Fig.  3147.) 


Lesser  Calamint. 


."^elissa  Nepeta  L.  Sp.  PI.  593.      1753. 

Calaminlha  Nepeta  Link  &  Iloffmansg.  Fl.  Port.  l:  14. 

l8oq. 
Clinopodium  Nepeta  Kuntze,  Rev.  Gon.  PI.  515.      1891. 

Perennial  from  a  woody  root  and  short  rootstocks, 
villous  or  pubescent;  stem  rather  stout,  at  length 
much  branched,  the  branches  nearly  straight, 
ascending.  Leaves  broadly  ovate,  petioled,  obtuse 
or  acute,  crenulate  with  few  low  teelh,  rounded 
or  narrowed  at  the  base,  the  lower  ^'j'-i'  long,  the 
upper  much  smaller  and  bract-like;  flowers  few  in 
the  numerous  loose  peduncled  axillary  cymes, 
forming  an  almost  naked  elongated  thyrsus;  bracts 
very  small,  linear;  c.ilyx  not  gibbous,  villous  in 
the  throat,  about  lyi"  long,  the  teeth  of  its  lower 
lip  twice  as  long  as  those  of  the  upper;  corolla 
light  purple  or  almost  white,  about  4"  long. 

In  fields  and  waste  places.  Maryland  to  North  Caro- 
lina, west  to  Kentucky  and  .\rkansas.  Naturalized 
from  Europe.     Native  also  of  Asia.     Junc-Scpt. 


.^iwiwu»MiiW9»#'ri|^!!?T*^-*F''^!?.'^-5^^7'^ 


;,  ;| 


Voi,.  III.] 


MINT  FAMILY. 


109 


3.   Clinopodium  Calamintha  (L.)  Kuntze.     Calamint.     Calamint  Balm. 
Capmint.     (Fig.  3148.) 

^^rlissa  Calaminiha  L.  Sp.  PI.  593-      '75.V 
Calami nlhaoH'icinalii  Moeucli,  Metli.  .^19.   1794. 
Clinopodiiim   Calaminiha   Kuntze,  Rev.  Gen. 

PI.  5i,i-      iXg'' 

Perennial  by  creeping  rootstocks,  pubes- 
cent or  hirsute;  stem  .slender,  branched,  i°- 
2>^°  high.  Leaves  broadly  ovate,  petioled, 
obtuse  at  both  ends  or  subacute  at  the  apex, 
dentate  or  crcnate-deutatc,  i'-2'  long  and 
nearly  as  wide;  inflorescence  as  in  the  pre- 
ceding species,  but  commonly  more  leafy; 
peduncles  of  the  lower  flower-clusters  usually 
longer  than  the  petioles;  calyx  not  gibbous, 
villous  in  the  throat,  2"-},"  long,  the  teeth 
of  the  lower  lip  twice  as  long  as  those  of  the 
upper;  corolla  purplish,  W-'j"  long. 

"  Inclined  to  escape  from  cultiv.ition  in  a  few 
places  "  (according  to  Gray).  Native  of  Europe 
and  Asia.     Mountain  Mint.    June-Aug. 


4.  Clinopodium  Acinos  (L.)  Kuiitze. 
Basil  Thyme.    Basil  Balm.     (Fig.  3149.) 


:59i 


■75.S- 


5.    Clinopodium  glabrum  (Nutt.)  Kuntze 

(Fig.  3150-) 

Hedeoma  s^lahra  Nutt.  Gen.  i;  16.      1S18. 

Cal.  Nullallii  Benth.  in  DC.  Prodr.  12:  2;,o.     :848. 

Calaminiha  glabella  var.  Nullallii  .\.  Gray,  Man. 

ICd.  2.  307.      1856. 
Clin,  glabrum  Kuntze,  Rev.  Gen.  PI.  515.      1891. 

Perennial,  glabrous,  stoloniferous;  stem  very 
slender,  at  length  much  branched,  erect  or  as- 
cending, 4'-l2''  high.  Leaves  of  tlie  flowering 
branches  linear,  entire,  very  short-petiolcd  or 
sessile,  mostly  obtuse  at  the  apex,  obscurely 
veined,  4"-9"  long,  y'i"-\"  wide,  the  margins 
slightly  revolute;  lower  leaves  and  those  of  the 
stolons  shorter  and  broader,  distinctly  petioled; 
flowers  1-4  in  the  axils;  bracts  minute;  pedicels 
filiform,  mostly  longer  than  the  calyx;  calyx 
not  gibbous,  its  throat  pubescent  in  a  ring 
within,  its  lower  teeth  somewhat  longer  than 
the  upper;  corolla  purple,  about  4"  long. 

On  rocks  and  banks,  western  New  York  and 
southern  Ontario  to  Illinois  and  Minnesota,  south 
to  M   isouri  and  Texas.     May-.Vug. 


Thymus  Acinos  L.  Sp.  PI. 

Melissa  Acinos  lienth.  Lab.  Gen.  &  Sp.  389.      1834. 
Cal.  Acinos  Benth.  in  DC  Prodr.  12:  230.      1S48. 
Clin.  Acinos  Kuntze,  Rev.  Gen.  PI.  513.     1S91. 

Annual,  pubescent;  stems  branched  from  the 
base,  very  slender,  6'-8'  high.  Leaves  oblong 
or  ovate-oblong,  petioled,  acutish  at  both  ends 
or  the  lower  obtuse,  crenulate  or  entire,  4''-8" 
long;  flowers  about  6  in  the  axils,  the  clusters 
sessile;  bracts  shorter  than  the  pedicels;  calyx 
gibbous  on  the  lower  side,  rough-hairy,  longer 
than  its  pedicel,  contracted  at  the  throat,  its 
subulate  teeth  somewhat  unequal  in  length;  co- 
rolla purplish,  iyz-2  times  as  long  as  the  calyx. 

In  waste  places,  New  York  and  New  Jersey.  Ad- 
ventive  from  Kurope.  Called  also  Mother-of-thyme, 
Polly  Mountain.     May-Aug. 

Low  Calamint  or  Bed's-foot. 


no 


LABIATAE. 


[VOT,.     II. 


6.    Clinopodium  glabellum  (Miclix.)  Kuntze.     Slender  Calaniint  or  Bed's- 

foot.     (Kig.  315 1.) 

Ciinila  f;labella  Michx.  Fl.  llor.  Am.  i:  1,3.    iSo,v 
Calaminlha  s;lahella  Hctitli.  in  DC.  Prodr.  12: 

2,(0.         1848. 

Clinopodium  glabellum  Kuntze,  Rev.  Ckii.  PI. 

515.      1891. 

I'erennial,  stoloniferous,  glabrous;  stems 
weak,  spreading  or  (lecunibetit,  at  length 
freely  branched,  elongated,  slender,  S'-2° 
long.  Leaves  membranous,  oblong,  short- 
petioled,  obtuse  or  the  uppermost  subacute 
at  the  apex,  narrowed  to  a  cuneate  base,  dis- 
tinctly serrate  with  low  teeth,  i'-2'  long, 
2"-%"  wide,  the  lowest  and  those  of  the 
stolons  sometimes  proportionately  broader 
and  shorter;  axils  2-5-flowered;  pedicels  fdi- 
form,  commonly  twice  as  long  as  the  calyx; 
bracts  minute;  calyx  not  gibbous,  its  throat 
pubescent  in  a  ring  within,  its  teeth  nearly 
equal;  corolla  purplish,  W-"i"  long. 

On  river  banks,  Kentucky  and  Tennessee. 
Rare  and  local.     JIay-July. 

29.  HYSSOPUS  L.  Sp.  PI.  569.      1753. 

A  perennial  erect  herb,  the  stem  somewhat  woody  at  the  base,  with  narrow,  entire  leaves, 
and  small  bracted  purple  or  blue  flowers,  in  dense  clusters  in  the  upper  axils,  and  forming 
elongated  terminal  more  or  less  interrupted  spikes.  Calyx  tubular,  15-nerved,  about  equally 
5-toothed,  not  hairy  in  the  throat.  Corolla-limb  2-lipped,  the  upper  lip  erect,  emarginate, 
the  lower  spreading,  3-cleft.  Stamens  4,  didynamous,  the  2  longer  ones  exserted,  divergent; 
anthers  2-celled,  the  sacs  divaricate.  Ovary  deeply  4-parted;  style  2-cleft  at  the  summit. 
Nutlets  ovoid,  somewhat  3-sided,  nearly 
smooth.     [Greek,  an  aromatic  herb.] 

A  monotypic  genus  of  Europe  and  Asia. 

1.    Hyssopus  officin£tlis  L.     Hyssop. 
(Fig.  3152.) 

Hyssopus  officinalis  L.  Sp.  PI.  569.      1753. 

Stems  usually  several  together  from  the 
woody  base,  slender,  strict,  puberulent,  simple 
or  branched,  i°-3°  high,  the  branches  upright 
or  ascending.  Leaves  linear  to  oblong,  sessile 
or  very  nearly  so,  firm,  acute  at  both  ends  or 
the  lower  obtuse  at  the  apex,  puberulent  or 
glabrate,  faintly  veined,  lyi'-z'  long,  V-^," 
wide,  sometimes  with  smaller  ones  or  short 
leafy  branches  in  their  axils;  spike  sometimes 
i-sided,  dense,  Yi'-x'  broad;  pedicels  short, 
puberulent;  outer  bracts  as  long  as  the  calyx; 
calyx-teeth,  lanceolate,  acute,  one-fourth  to 
one-third  as  long  as  the  tube;  corolla  i,"-^" 
long,  its  tube  exceeding  the  calyx. 

Along  roadsides  and  in  waste  places,  Ontario 
and  Maine  to  North  Carolina,  and  on  the  Pacific 
Coast.    Naturalized  from  Europe.    June-Sept. 

30.   ORIGANUM  L.  Sp.  PI.  588.      1753. 

Perennial  branching  herbs,  some  species  shrubby,  with  rather  small  crenate-dentate  or 
entire  leaves,  and  small  bracted  pink  or  purple  flowers,  in  dense  terminal  glomerules.  Calyx 
ovoid  or  campanulate,  villous  in  the  throat,  about  13-ncrved,  5-toothed  or  more  or  less 
2-lipped.  Corolla-limb  2-lipped,  the  upper  lip  erect,  emarginate  or  2-lobcd,  the  lower  longer, 
spreading,  3-clefit.  Stamens  4,  didynamous,  ascending;  anthers  2-celled,  the  sacs  divergent. 
Style  2-clef1t  at  the  summit;  ovary  deeply  4-parted.  Nutlets  ovoid  or  oblong,  smooth. 
[Greek,  mountain-joy.] 

About  30  species,  natives  of  the  Old  World. 


Vol..  III.] 


MINT  FAMILY. 


Wild  Marjoram. 

3153.) 

17.S.5 


^\..^r  r].-„  >  111 


I.   Origanum  vulgare  I^. 

Organy.     (Fig. 

On\'anum  7'u/x'air  I<.  Sp.  I'l.  ,si)o. 

Perennial  from  nearly  hori/ontal  rootstocks,  villous 
or  liirsule;  stem  erect,  slender,  i°-2 Ji°  high.  Leaves 
ovate,  petioled,  obtuse  or  subacute  at  the  apex, 
rouniled  or  subcordate  at  the  base,  crcnatc  or  entire, 
I'-i'/i'  long,  often  with  smaller  ones,  or  short  leafy 
branches,  in  their  axils;  flower-clusters  often  2' broad; 
bracts  purplish,  ovate  or  oval,  about  c(|Uaninp  the 
nearly  regularly  s-tootlied  calyx;  corolla  pink,  purple 
or  nearly  white,  longer  than  the  calyx,  the  upper  lobe 
broad;  all  four  stamens,  or  the  two  longer,  exserted. 

In  fields  and  waste  plares,  ( »ntario  to  New  Jersey  and 
Pennsylvania.  Naturalized  from  ICurope.  Native  also  of 
Asia.     Called  also  Organs,  Pot  Marjoram.    July-Sept. 

31.  KOELLIA  Moench,  Meth.  407.  1794. 
[Rraciivsthmon  and  PvcNANTincMUM  Jlichx.  I''!.  Uor.  Am.  2:  5,  7.  1803.] 
Perennial  erect,  mostly  branched,  glabrous  cinereous  canescent  or  pubescent  herbs,  with 
small  white  or  purple-dotted  flowers,  in  terminal  or  sometimes  also  axillary  capitate  glom- 
crules  or  cymose  clusters.  Calyx  ovoid,  oblong  or  tubular,  io-13-nerved,  equally  or  more  or 
less  unequally  5-toothed,  not  villous  in  the  throat,  the  2  upper  teeth  sometimes  united  be- 
low. Corolla  2-lippcd,  the  upper  lip  emarginate  or  entire,  the  lower  3-cleft.  Stamens  4, 
didynamous,  nearly  e(iual,  or  the  lower  pair  a  little  longer;  anther-sacs  parallel.  Ovary 
deeply  4-parted;  style  slender.  Nutlets  smooth,  pubescent,  or  roughened.  [Named  for  J.  L. 
C.  Koelle,  a  German  botanist  of  the  eighteenth  century.] 

About  14  species,  natives  of  North  America.  Besides  the  following,  i  occurs  in  California  and 
1  or  2  in  the  southern  States.  The  species  apparently  intergrade,  and  are  thus  difTicult  of  discrimi- 
nation.    Mostly  very  fragrant.     Sometimes  called  liasil,  the  proper  name  of  Calamintli  or  Ocynuim. 

vv-   Leaves  prevailingly  linear,  linear-lanceolate  or  oblong-lanceolate. 
Calyx-teeth  ovate-triangular,  acute,  one-fourth  as  long  as  the  tube.  2.  K.  yirginiana. 

Calyx-teeth  subulate,  lance-subulate  or  bristle-tipped. 

Leaves  linear  or  lanceolate;  calyx-teeth  subulate  or  lanceolate. 

Leaves  linear  or  narrowly  linear-lanceolate,  entire.  i.  A',  flextwsa. 

Leaves  lanceolate,  entire,  or  usually  serrate. 
Bracts  appressed,  erect;  clusters  dense. 
Hirsute  or  pilose;  leaves  m.ainly  entire. 
Puberulent  or  glabrate;  leaves  mostly  denticulate 
Bracts  spreading;  clusters  loose. 
Leaves  oblong  to  linear-oblong,  obtuse  or  subacute;  calyx-teeth  awn-like.  6.  A',  hyssupifulia 
-X-  *   Leaves  prevailingly  ovate,  ovate-oblong  or  ovate-lanceolate, 
Calyx-teeth  bristle-tipped  or  subulate. 

Bracts  appres.sed;  clusters  dense;  calyx-teeth  bristle-pointed 
Bracts  spreading;  clusters  loose;  calyx-teeth  subulate. 
Calyx-teeth  about  one-half  as  long  as  the  tube. 
Calyx-teeth  as  long  as  the  tube. 
Calyx-teeth  triangular,  triangular-lanceolate  or  lanceolate. 

Bracts  spreading;  clusters  loose;  calyx -teeth  short.  10.  A',  albescens. 

Bracts  appressed;  clusters  dense. 

Bracts  canescent;  leaves  firm,  acute.  11.  K.  mulica. 

Bracts  ciliate  or  villous;  leaves  membranous,  acuminate.  12.  A',  monlana. 

I.  Koelliaflexudsa  (Walt.)  MacM.  Narrow-leaved  Mountain-Mint.  (Fig.  3154.) 

Saliircja   Thymus  Virginicus  L.  Mant.  2:  409.      1771.     Not 

5.  yirginica  L.  1753. 
Origanum  _fie.vuosttm  Walt.  I'l.  Car.  165.      1788. 
Pvcnanllicmum  linifoUum  Pursh,  Fl.  Am.  Sept.  409,      1814. 
Koellia  flcxuosa  MacM.  Met.  Minn.  452.     1892. 

Stem  slender,  stiff,  nearly  glabrous  throughout,  i>^°- 
2>^°  high.  Leaves  linear  or  linear-lanceolate,  entire, 
glabrous  or  the  uppermost  puberulent,  sessile,  or  the 
lower  very  short-petioled,  \'-i'  long,  Yz^'-iyi"  wide, 
rather  firm,  often  with  short  leafy  branches  in  their 
axils;  glomerules  dense,  terminal,  cymose,  i"-5'^ 
broad,  canescent;  bracts  appressed,  acuminate,  or  subu- 
late-tipped, not  longer  than  the  clusters;  calyx  cylin- 
draceous,  canescent,  its  teeth  subulate  and  rigid,  equal  or 
nearly  so,  3-4  times  longer  than  broad,  about  one-third 
as  long  as  the  tube;  corolla  pubescent  or  nearly  glabrous, 
its  tube  longer  than  the  calyx. 

In  fields  and  thickets,  Massachusetts  to  Florida,  Ontario, 
Minnesota  and  Texas.    Little  fragrant.    July-Sept. 


A',  pilosa. 

A',  ver/icillala. 

A'.  cHnopodioides. 


K.  arista  la. 

A',  incana. 

A',  pycnanlliemoidcs. 


113 


LAHIATAE. 


[Voi,.  III. 


2.    KoelUa  Virginiikna  (L.)  MacM.     Virginia  Mountain- Mint.     (Fig.  3155.) 

Saliiiria  I'iixiiiiana  I,.  Sp.  I'l.  567.      1753. 

/'.  laiucolaltim  riirsli.  I'l.  Am.  Supt.  409.       1814. 

Koellia  Mrc^iniana  MacM.  Met.  Minn.  452.      i8f)». 

Stem  strict,  rather  stout,  kIhItous  or  pubescent, 
i°-3°  liigli.  Leaves  lanceolate  or  linear-lanceo- 
late, fragrant,  very  short-pctiolcd  or  sessile,  firm, 
entire,  acuminate  at  the  apex,  rounded  or  nar- 
rowed at  the  base,  glabrous,  or  somewhat  puberu- 
lent  beneath,  or  the  uppermost  densely  canes- 
cent,  i'-2'  long,  2"-^"  wide,often  with  short  leafy 
branches  in  their  axils;  glomerules  dense,  4"-6" 
in  diameter,  terminal,  cymosc,  canescent;  bracts 
appressed,  rigid,  acute,  acuminate  or  subulate- 
tipped,  not  exceeding  the  clusters;  calyx  cylin- 
draceous,  or  expanded  above,  canescent,  its  teeth 
triangular-ovate,  equal  or  nearly  so,  acute,  little 
longer  than  wide,  about  one-fourth  as  long  as  the 
tube;  corolla  pubescent  without,  purple-spotted, 
its  tube  longer  than  the  calyx. 

In  dry  fields  and  thickets,  yui-bec  and  Ontario  to 
Minnesota,  south  to  CeorRia,  Alabama  and  Nebraska. 
Virginia  Thyme,  I'rairie  Hyssop.    July-Sept. 


3.    Koellia  pilosa  (Nutt.)  Britton.     Hairy  Mountain-Mint. 


3I56-) 


i 


Pycnanllieiinivt  pilosuiii  Nutt.  Gen.  2:  33.      t8i8. 
I'ycnanthcmtiin  muliciim  var.  pilosuin  A.  Gray,  Syn. 

Fl.  2;  Part  I,  355-      1878. 
Koellia  pilosa  Britton,  Mem.  Torr.  Club,  5:  279.      1S94. 

Pubescent,  at  least  above,  i°-2}4°  high.  Leaves 
lanceolate,  very  short-petioled  or  sessile,  entire  or 
very  sparingly  denticulate,  i'-2'  long,  ^/'-d"  wide, 
firm,  acuminate  at  the  apex,  mostly  narrowed  at 
the  base,  commonly  with  smaller  ones,  or  short 
leafy  shoots  in  their  axils;  glomerules  dense,  num- 
erous, terminal,  cymose,  villous  or  hirsute-canes- 
cent,  about  4"  in  diameter;  bracts  lanceolate, 
acuminate,  equalling  or  exceeding  the  clusters; 
calyx  cylindraceous,  narrow,  canescent,  its  teeth 
lanceolate-subulate,  equal,  about  3  times  as  long  as 
wide  and  one-fourth  to  one-third  the  length  of  the 
tube ;  corolla  pubescent,  its  tube  little  longer  than 
the  calyx. 

On  prairies  and  in  dry  woods,  Ohio  to  Georgia,  west 
to  Missouri  and  Arkansas.    July-Sept. 

4.  Koellia  verticillata  (Michx.)  Kuntze.  Torrey's  Mountain-Mint.  (Fig.  3157.) 

Brachyslemon  veilicillalum  Mich.v.  Fl.  Uor.  Am. 
,,,       S'  i  il  (I  2: 6.   pi.  ?/.      1803. 

W^Mh''>-  Wxn  !"■  Torreyi  Bentli.  Lab.  Gen.  &  Sp.  329.      1834. 

.»f..v,^.t.,       ,.     uw»  A'(W//a  zr///V///a/a  Kuntze,  Rev.  Gen.  I'l.  520.    1891. 

Puberulent,  glabrate  or  pubescent;  stem  slen- 
der, i°~2^°  high.  Leaves  lanceolate,  oblong- 
lanceolate  or  linear-lanceolate  (rarely  ovate-lan- 
ceolate), short-petioled  or  sessile,  serrulate  or 
entire,  acute  or  acuminate  at  the  apex,  rounded 
or  narrowed  at  the  base,  i  '-3'  long,  t,"-io"  wide, 
the  uppermo.st  sometimes  canescent;  flower-clus- 
ters dense,  canescent,  5"-6'''  broad,  terminal,  cy- 
niose  and  commonly  also  in  some  of  the  upper 
axils;  bracts  appressed,  lanceolate,  acuminate, 
equalling  or  longer  than  the  clusters;  calyx  ca- 
nescent, its  teeth  subulate  or  lance-subulate,  2-3 
times  as  long  as  wide,  one-fourth  to  one-third  as 
long  as  the  tube;  corolla  pubescent,  its  tube 
rather  exceeding  the  calyx. 

In  dry  fields  and  thickets,  Rhode  Island  to  Vir- 
ginia, west  to  Missouri.    July-Sept. 


Voi<.  III.] 


MINT  FAMILY. 


"3 


5,    Koellia  clinopodioides  (T.  &G.) 
Kuiit/e.   Hasil  Mountain-Mint.  (Fig.  3158.) 

Pycnaiilheiiiinii  cliiiopcdinidfs  T.  iS:  ("■.;  A.  Gray,  Am. 

Jimni.  .Sci.  42:  IS.      i><12. 
k'iniliu  i/iiii'/>i)i/ioidex  Kuiitzc,  Rev.  Glmi.  I'l.  ,520.    1S91. 

rubcsrciit  or  puberulent;  stem  slender,  i"-2>^° 
high.  Leaves  Innceohite  or  obloiig-laneeolate, 
rather  thin,  short-petiolcil,  sharply  serrate,  or  the 
upper  entire,  i}4'-3'  long,  5"-i2'''  wide,  none  of 
them  canesecnt;  flower-clusters  loose,  terminal  and 
axillary,  about  i' broad;  bracts  lincar-acuminatc  or 
subulate-tipped,  not  exceeding  the  clusters,  some  or 
all  of  them  spreading;  calyx  finely  cancscentor  gla- 
brate,  its  teeth  subulate,  sometimes  with  a  few  long 
hairs,  sliglitly  unccpial,  about  one-fourth  the  length 
of  the  tube;  corolla-tube  longer  than  the  calyx. 

Ill  (Irysdil,  southern  New  York  and  Pennsylvania  to 
eastern  Tennessee.  .Vsccnds  to  51FU0  ft.  in  Virginia. 
Anif.  -Sept. 


6.   Koellia  hyssopifolia  (Bentli.)  Britt.    Hyssop  Mountain-Mint.   (Fig.  3159.) 


/'.  hyi$of>ifnliuin  Hentli.  Lab.  Ccn.  iS:  Sp.  ,-^29.      iS.u. 
jyciianlliemum  arislaliiDt  van  ln'sxof>i/oliiim  A. 

Gray,  Syn.  I'!.  2:  Part  1,  35.(.      1S7S. 
A'.  /iysstif>i/olia  Britton,  ^tcnl.Torr.Club,  5:  279.  1894. 

ruberulcnt  or  glabrate;  stem  slender,  stiff, 
i°-3°  high.  Leaves  oblong,  linear-oblong,  or 
lanceolate-oblong,  .short-petioled,  or  the  upper 
sessile,  obtuse  or  subacute  at  the  apex,  nar- 
rowed at  the  base,  entire  or  denticuLite,  ^i'-iyi^ 
long,  2"-6"  wide,  glabrous  or  minutely  canes- 
cent;  flower-clusters  dense,  minutely  canescent, 
not  at  all  villous,  terminal  and  cymose,  and 
usually  also  in  the  upper  axils,  often  1'  broad; 
bracts  linear-oblong,  tiarrowed  at  each  end, 
terminated  by  an  awn  almost  as  long  as  the 
body;  calyx  cylindraceous,  glabrous  or  very 
nearly  so,  prominently  nerved,  its  teeth  bristle- 
pointed,  slightly  widened  below,  nearly  as  long 
as  the  tube;  corolla-tube  not  longer  than  calyx. 

In  dry  soil,  Virginia  to  Florida.    June-Aug. 


7.    Koellia   aristata   (Miclix.)   Kuntze. 
Awned  Mountain-Mint.     (Fig.  3160.) 


Pyciianlliemiitn  artslaliini  Michx.  Fl.  lior, 
Koellia  aristata  Kuntze,  Rev.  Gen.  PI.  520. 


Vm.  2:  8. 

1 891. 

Similar  to  the  preceding  species;  stem  slender, 
stifle,  minutely  canescent,  i}-i°-2;,i°  high.  Leaves 
ovate,  or  some  of  them  ovate-lanceolate,  short- 
petioled,  sharply  serrate,  serrulate,  or  the  upper 
entire,  acute  at  the  apex,  rounded  at  the  base, 
I '-2'  long,  4"-!  2"  wide,  the  uppermost  usually 
minutely  canescent;  inflorescence  as  in  the  pre- 
ceding species;  bracts  longawncd,  appressed,  the 
awn  about  one-third  the  length  of  the  body;  calyx 
canescent,  its  teeth  equal,  bristle-pointed,  widened 
below,  one-third  to  one-half  as  long  as  the  tube; 
corolla-tube  about  equalling  the  calyx. 

In  dry  pine  barrens,  New  Jersey  to  Florida  and 
Louisiana,  mostly  near  the  coast.    July-Sept. 


w^i^m^7».m.mfu 


114 
8. 


LAltlATAE. 


[Vol,,  itr. 


Koellia  incckna  (L.)  Kunt/.e.      Hoary  M(  untaiii-Mint.     (Fig.  ^iCu.) 


Cliiiohihliiim  iiiCi.Hiim  I,.  Sn.  i'l.  ,sS8.      I7,s,v 
••••  -    I'l.Ilor.A 


/'vciia)illifniuni  i.tcnniini  Miclix 
Kiifllia  iiiiiina  Kuiitzc,  Kev.  Gen 


111.  a;  7.  1803. 
1S91. 


PI.  5211, 

Stein  pubescent,  or  glabrous  lielow,  stout,  i>j°-3° 
high.  Leaves  thin,  ovate  to  ovate-lanceolate,  peti- 
oled,  acute  at  the  apex,  sharply  serrate  or  serrulate, 
wliite-canescent  beneath,  puberulcnt  or  glabrous 
abotre,  I, '4 '-3'  long,  %'-iyi'  wide,  or  the  upper- 
most smaller  and  sometimes  canescent  on  both 
sides;  clusters  loose,  terminal  and  in  the  upper 
axils,  I'-i  yi'  broad,  canescent,  the  flowers  some- 
times secund  on  their  branches;  bracts  linear,  or 
the  outer  broader,  canescent  or  slightly  villous, 
spreading,  mostly  shorter  than  the  clusters-;  calyx 
canescent,  slightly  2-lipped,  its  teeth  subulate, 
somewhat  unequal,  the  longer  one-fourtii  to  one- 
half  as  long  as  the  tube,  rarely  villous;  corolla- 
tube  equalling  or  longer  than  the  calyx. 

Dry  Ihicki'ts  and  hillsides,  Maine  to  Ontario,  Ohio 
and  Florida.     Also  called  Wild  Basil.     Aug. -Oct. 


9.    Koellia  pycnanthemoides  (Leavetnv.)  Kunt/.e 
Mint.     (Fig.  3162.) 

Tullia  ftyfiianlhenioidcs  Le.ivenw.  Am.  Journ.  Sci. 

20;  ,^43.   pi.  i.      i.S(o. 
P.  Til  Ilia  Benlh.  I.ab.  Oen.  &  Sp.  .^aS.      iS,u. 
K.  pycnanlhevioides.  Kuntze,  Kev.  ('iCii.  PI.  ,S2o.     1891. 

Stem  rather  stout,  pubescent  nearly  to  the  base, 
2°-3°  high.  Leaves  membranous,  petiolcd,  mostly 
ovate-lanceolate,  acuminate  or  acute  at  the  apex, 
narrowed  at  the  base,  sharply  serrate,  pubescent 
beneath,  puberulent  or  glabrate  above,  I'/i'-iJi' 
long,  yi'-iyi'  wide,  the  lower  green,  the  upper 
smaller  and  white-cauescenton  both  sides;  clusters 
loose,  villous  and  canescent,  terminal  and  axil- 
lary, I '-2'  broad,  the  flowers  often  secund;  bracts 
linear-oblong,  acuminate  or  subulate-tipped, 
spreading,  mostly  shorter  than  the  mature  clus- 
ters; calyx-teeth  very  unequal,  subulate,  densely 
villous,  the  longer  about  equalling  the  tube; 
corolla-tube  not  exceeding  the  caly.^. 


Southern  Mountain- 


Tenii 


In  dry  woods  and  on  hills,  Virginia  to  Georgia  and 
innessee.   Ascends  to  3000  ft.  in  Virginia.  Tnly-Sept. 


10.   Koellia  albescens  (T.  &G.)  Kuntze. 

White-leaved  Mountain-Mint.  (Fig.  3163.) 

P.albescensT.Si.C,  ;A.  Gray,  Am  Journ.  Sci. 42:45.  1842. 
Koellia  albescens  Kuntze,  Rev.  Gen.  PI.  520.      1891. 

Stem  slender,  soft-pubescent  nearly  to  the  base, 
J  °-2°  high.  Leaves  ovate  to  ovate-lanceolate,  peti- 
oled,  acute  or  subacuminate  at  the  apex,  narrowed 
or  sometimes  rounded  at  the  base,  sharply  serrate 
or  nearly  entire,  I'-iyi'  long,  Yz'-i^'  wide,  white- 
canescent  beneath,  green  above,  or  the  upper  canes- 
cent ou  both  sides;  clusters  loose,  terminal  «nd 
axillary,  densely  canescent,  not  at  all  villous,  at 
length  about  1'  broad;  bracts  linear,  or  the  outer 
broader,  spreading,  sometimes  exceeding  the  clus- 
ters; calyx  densely  canescent,  its  teeth  triangular, 
obtuse  or  acute,  slightly  unequal,  one-fifth  to  one- 
fourth  as  long  as  the  tube;  corolla-tube  longer  than 
the  calyx. 

In  dry  woods  and  thickets,  southern  Virginia  to 
Missouri  and  Arkansas,  south  to  Florida  and  Texas. 
July-Sept. 


III. 


Vol..  Ill] 


MINT  FAMILY. 


i'5 


II.  Koellia  mutica(Michx.)Britt.    Short-toothed  Mouiitain-Miiit.  (Fig.  3164.) 

/IraclivslemoH  tun/hum  Miclix.  Fl.  Bor.  Am.  J:  (>.  /)/.   ,v. 

i8<).(. 
Koellia  miilica  Uritton,  Mriii.  Torr.  Club,  4:  i  (,s.      1  Vt- 

Stem  stiff,  puberuleiit,  or  Klal)ruiis  below,  i°-2'/i° 
high,  l.cnves  short-petiolcd  or  sessile,  ovnte  or  ovate- 
lanceolate,  firm,  Hcute  at  the  njicx,  rounded  or  sonic- 
titties  subcordiite  at  the  base,  sharply  serrate  or  serru- 
late, I'/i'-y  lonff,  li'-iYj'  wide,  the  lower  mostly 
glabrous,  the  uppermost  white-cancsccnt  on  bolli 
sides,  much  smaller;  (lower-cliisters  capitate,  dense, 
terminal,  cyniose,  often  also  in  the  upper  axils,  pubes- 
cent or  cancscent,  4'''-6"  broad;  bracts  appressed,  lan- 
ceolate-subulate or  the  outer  broader;  calyx  pubescent, 
its  teeth  nearly  ccjual,  triangular-ovate  or  triangular- 
lanceolate,  not  much  longer  than  wide,  about  onc-fifth 
as  long  as  the  tube;  corolla-tube  exceeding  the  calyx. 

In  siindy  soil,  Maine  t<i  Virginia  and  Florida,  west  tu 
Missouri.    July  .Sept. 

Ml/'  L  J 

Thill- 


In  woods,  mountains  ' 


12.   Koellia  montana  (Michx.)  Kunt/.e. 
leaved  Mountain- Mint.     (Fig.  3165.) 

Pvcnanllieminn  monlanum  Miclix.  Fl.  Bor.  .\tn.  3:8.      1303. 
SlonanlelUi  iiiiiii/niiu  Henlli.  I.ab.  (icn.  iV  Sp.  .i.v.      1834. 
Kofllia  iiioiilaiia  Kunt/c,  Key.  den.  I'l.  ,'520.     VH91. 

Stem  slender,  glabrous  or  nearly  so  througliout,  2°-^° 
high.     Leaves  distinctly  petioled,  membranous,  glabrous, 
ovatelancc^olate  or  the  upper  lanceolate,  long-acuminate 
'^,  at  the  apex,  usually  narrowed  at  the  base,  sharply  ser- 
rate, 2'--,'  long,    '/i'-2'  wide,  none  of  them  canescent; 
flower-clusters  rather  dense,  terminal  and  in  the  upper 
'(,  axils,  '/i'-i'  broad;  bracts  appressed,  lanceolate  or  linear- 
■  lanceolate,  acuminate,  not  exceeding  the  fully  developed 
y  clusters,  bearded  more  or  less  with  long  hairs;  calyx  tu- 
'/^  bular,  glabrous  or  pubcrulcnt,  or  villous  above,  its  tectli 
triangular-subulate,  equal,  one-fifth  to  one-fourth  as  long 
as  the  tube;  corolla-tube  longer  than  tlic  calyx, 
f  southern  Virginia  to  Georgia,  IVniicssic  anil  Alabama.    July-Sept. 


32.  THYMUS  L.  Sp.  PI.  590.  1753. 
Terennial  herbs,  or  low  shrubby  creeping  plants,  with  small  mostly  entire  leaves,  and 
small  purple  flowers  clustered  in  terminal  glomerules,  or  in  the  axils  of  the  leaves.  Calyx 
ovoid,  villous  in  the  throat,  io-13-uervcd,  2-lipped,  the  upper  lip  erect-spreading,  3-toothed, 
the  lower  2-toothed,  its  teeth  long  and  slender.  Corolla-limb  2-lipped,  the  upper  lip  erect, 
emarginate,  the  lower  spreading,  3-cleft.  Stamens  4,  more  or  less  didynanious,  tnostly  ex- 
serted;  anthers  2-celled,  the  sacs  parallel*or  divergent.  Ovary  deeply  4-parted;  style  2-cleft 
at~the  summit.  Nutlets  ovoid  or  oblong,  smooth.  [Greek,  incense.] 
About  50  species,  natives  of  the  Old  World,  mostly  liuroptan. 

I.  Thymus  Serpyllum  L.    Wild  or  Creeping 
Thyme.     Mother  of  Thyme.     (Fig.  3166. ) 

Thymus  Serpyllum  I,.  Sp.  PI.  5qo.      1753. 

Stems  more  or  less  pubescent  in  lines,  very  slender, 
procumbent,  tough,  much  branched,  4''-i2'  long,  com- 
monly forming  dense  mats.  Leaves  oblong  or  ovate- 
oblong,  petioled,  obtuse  at  the  apex,  usually  narrowed 
pt  the  base,  entire,  glabrous,  or  sometimes  ciliate, 
2"-^"  long;  bracts  similar  to  the  leaves,  but  smaller; 
flowers  numerous  in  verticillate  clusters  crowded  in 
dense  short  terminal  spikes,  or  also  in  the  upper  axils; 
calyx  distinctly  2-lipped,  the  tube  usually  pubescent 
and  the  teeth  ciliate;  corolla  longer  than  the  calyx. 

In  thickets,  woods,  and  along  roadsides.  Nova  Scotia  to 
southern  New  York  and  Pennsylvania.  Naturalized  from 
Europe.  Native  also  o  Asia.  June-Sept.  Old  English 
names,  Brotherwort,  Hillwort,  Penny  Mountain,  Shep- 
herd's Thyme. 


Il6 


I.AIUATAK. 


[Vol,.  III. 


33.    CUNIL.4   I<.  vSyst.  lul.   10,    1359.        1750. 

I'erctininI  brancliiiijj  licrln,  or  low  !tliriil)H,  witli  dciitiitL'  or  entire  loaves,  aiitl  riitlier 
Biiinll  purple  or  wliitc  llowers.  Ciilvx  tubiilar-ovoiil,  lo-i.viiervcd,  villous  in  the  throat, 
eciiially  5-toothcit.  Corolla  ^-Hppeil,  l()ii>{cr  than  the  calyx,  the  upper  lip  erect,  cinar^'iuate, 
the  lower  spreading,  .vcleft.  Autlier-heariiin  stauietis  2,  loiin-exserteil,  straight,  the  poster- 
ior pair  rudimentary,  or  wantitiK;  anther-sacs  parallel.  Ovary  deeply  ,|-partcd;  style  slender, 
a-cleft  at  the  suiniiiit.  Nutlets  smooth;  scar  or  attachment  hasal  an<l  small.  [Latin  name  of 
some  plant.] 

AI)i)Ut  15  spt  cU'M,  natives  nf  America.     Tlic  iDHowiiiK:  is  llic  only  unc  known  in  North  .\nicrica. 

I.   Cunila  origanoides  ( ly. )  Ihittoii.      vStdiie 

Mint.     Sweet  I Ior.se- Mint.     American 

Dittany.     ( l''iK-  3J^'7-) 

,Sii/ii>Yiti  I'l  ii;iiihiiilf^  I,.  Sp.  ri.  ,S"'^.      175,1. 
Ciiiii/u  A/ii)iiiiiii  I,.  Syst.  Ivd.  10,  i,i59.      I7,s<). 
y/(i/|.ii)«i)(  11/ /i,'i///i)/(/(  V  Kutltzi',  Kfv.  Ccn.  I'l.  ,<ii().      lSc)l. 
Cuiiilii  oi  igaiKudcs  llritloii,  .Mtin.  Toir.  Chib,  5:  27S.     iSi||. 

Stem  slender,  stilT,  branched,  xl'i'ifoiis,  or  pubes- 
cent at  the  nodes,  erect,  S'-2ii'  high,  the  branches  as- 
cending;. Leaves  ovate,  sessile  or  very  short-petioled, 
acute  at  the  ajxix,  sharply  serrate,  rounded,  truncate 
or  subcordatc  at  the  base,  'j'-l  'j'  long,  densely  i>nnc- 
tale;  flowers  nearly  Yt'  long,  numerous  in  terminal 
loose  cymose  clusters;  corolla  purple-pink,  one-half  as 
louK  as  the  stamens;  posterior  pair  of  stamens  usually 
rudimentary. 

Ill  dry  woods  anil  tliickets.soulhcrn  N'uw  York  to  I'lorida, 
west  to  Ohio  and  Gcori.'ia.    Plant  very  aromatic.    .\ii|i  .Sept. 


'% 


.'^m^ 


34.  LYCOPUS  L.  Sp.  PI.  21.  1753. 
Herbs,  perennial  by  slender  stolons  or  suckers,  with  erect  or  diffuse  stems,  petioled  or 
sessile  leaves,  and  small  white  or  purple  flowers,  bracted  and  verticillnte  in  dense  axillary 
clusters.  Calyx  campanulate,  regular  or  nearly  so,  4-s-tootlicd,  not  bearded  in  the  throat, 
the  teeth  obtuse  or  acute.  Corolla  funnclfortn-campannlate  to  cylindric,  equalling  or  longer 
than  the  calyx,  the  limb  nearly  equally  4-cleft,  or  one  of  the  lobes  broader  and  einarginate. 
I'erfect  stamens  2,  anterior,  the  posterior  pair  rndimcntary,  or  altogether  wanting;  anther- 
sacs  parallel.  Ovary  deeply  4-parted;  style  slender,  2-clcft  at  the  summit.  Nutlets  truncate 
at  the  summit,  narrowed  below,  trigonous,  smooth.     [Crreek,  wolf-foot.] 

.\b()ut  lo  species  of  the  north  temperate  zone.     Only  the  following  known  in  North  .Vmerica. 
Calyx  teeth  mostly  4,  ovate,  shorter  than  the  nutlets.  i.  /,.  I'irifiiiuns. 

Calyx  teeth  mostly  5,  lanceolate  or  subulate.  loiiRcr  than  the  nutlets. 
Bracts  minute;  corolla  twice  as  long  as  the  calyx. 

Leaves  sessile.  2.   A.  sessilifolilis. 

Leaves  narrowed  into  a  manifest  petiole.  3.  /,.  rubellus. 

Bracts  lanceolate  or  subulate;  corolla  not  twice  as  long  as  the  calyx. 

Leas'es  pinnatifid  or  deeply  incised.  4.  A.  Amri  icaniis. 

Leaves  merely  coarsely  dentate  or  serrate  (lower  rarely  incised). 

Leaves  oblong  or  oblong-lanceolate,  serrate.  .s.  A.  Iiiiidiis. 

Leaves  ovate,  coarsely  dentate.  6.  A.  litiropaeus. 

I.    Lycopus  Virginicus  ly.      Iktgle-weed. 
Bugle -wort.     (Fig.  3168.) 

/.j'tofiiis  I'iytiiniciis  \,.  Sp.  I'l.  21.      175,^. 

I'erennial  by  long  filiform  leafy  sometimes  tuber- 
bearing  stolons,  glabrous  or  puberulent;  stem  slender, 
erect  or  ascending,  simple  or  branched,  6'-2°  high. 
Leaves  oblong,  lanceolate  or  ovate-lanceolate,  acumin- 
ate at  the  apex,  sharply  dentate,  narrowed  or  cuneate 
at  the  base,  petioled,  or  the  upper  sessile,  1^2 '-3'  long, 
yi'-iyi'  wide;  bracts  short,  oblong;  calyx-teeth  4,  or 
sometimes  5,  ovate  or  ovate-lanceolate,  obtuse  or  sub- 
acute; corolla  about  I  "broad,  nearly  twice  as  long  as  the 
calyx,  or  longer;  rudimentary  po.sterior  stamens  minute; 
nutlets  longer  than  or  about  equalling  the  calyx. 

In  wet  soil,  Labrador  to  British  Columbia,  south  to  rior- 
ida,  Alabama,  Missouri  and  Nebraska.  Sometimes  called 
Wood  Betony.  Leaves  often  purple.  Stem  usually  thick- 
ened at  the  base.  Variable.  Probably  includes  several 
species.    July-Sept. 


Vol,.  III.l 


MINT    I'AMII.Y 


a.    Lycopus    sessilifdlius   A.  (irny. 

Sessik'-lcavcd  Wattr  lloarhuuiul. 

l.yciipHS  /■'inofittni'i  viir.  \CK<iU/i>liii\  A.  Ciray,  Man. 


A.  •'■rny,   I'loc.  Am.  Acad.  8; 


y(«pm  ICiit 

m-  .s.  .U.S.     i><". 
I.Vd>f>ifi  srsuli/nlius 

'aHv      187.1. 

('ilal)roiH,  or  puberuU'iit  ii))Ove,  perennial  l)y 
stolons  mill  gtickcra;  stem  simple,  or  at  length 
l)rancllecl,  erect,  i"-i'  liinli.  Leaves  ovate-laii- 
oeolntc  or  obloMK-limceolate,  closely  sessile,  acute 
or  ncumiiiate  at  the  apex,  sharply  serrate,  some- 
what narrowed  at  the  liase,  l'-2'  loiif-;  bracts 
very  small,  aciitc;  calyx-teeth  usually  s,  subuliite, 
rigid,  nearly  as  loiiK  as  the  tube;  corolla  twice  as 
loiigns  tlie  calyx;  rudimentary  posterior  stamens 
oval;  nutlets  shorter  than  the  calyx. 

Itliiul,  N.  Y.,  to  I'lorida,  near 


III  wit 
the  const. 


oil,    I.ii- 

Auk.  t. 


4.  Lycopus  Americ^nus   Muhl.     Cut- 
leaved  Water  rioarhouud.   (  Fig.  3 1 7 1 . ) 

A.    Aiiifricanus  Mulil.;   Hart.  I'M.  Phil.  I'rodr.  i.s. 

iHi.s. 
I.ya<f>iis  shiiiahis  IvU.  Hot.  S.  C.  iS:  (la.  i:  2(1.      1S17. 
l.YCofiacus  luirofiacHS  var.  siiiuuliis  A.  Gray,  Man. 

I'ubenilent  or  j;labrous,  perennial  by  suckers; 
stem  stiff,  erect,  simple  or  branched,  r  -2°  liiKh. 
Leaves  lanceolate  or  ovate-lanceolate  in  outline, 
petioled,  acuminate  at  the  apex,  incised,  pinnati- 
fid  or  the  uppermoht  merely  serrate,  2'-\'  long; 
bracts  subulate,  the  outer  ones  sometimes  ex- 
ceedinjf  the  calyx;  calyx-teetli  tiianf;ular-subu- 
late,  cuspidate,  rigid;  corolla  little  exceeding 
the  calyx;  rudimentary  posterior  stamens  thick- 
ened at  their  tips;  nutlets  nujch  shorter  than 
the  caly  x. 

In  wet  soil,  Newfoundland  to  liritish  Columbia, 
south  to  I'lorida,  Texas,  I'tali  and  California. 
June-Oct. 


3.  Lycopus  rubellus  Mociich.     Stalked 

Water  Iloarhound.     {,\''\v..  3170.) 

/.yro/iiis  nibflliis  Moiiicli,  Mi  th.  Suppl.  i.i'i.  iSni. 
I.vtopiit    /■lii>i>f>iiiiu   var.    iiiligi  i/iiliii\   \.    (Irav, 

Man.  VA.  5.  ,u<>.      i**<^'7. 

Cilabrous  or  minutely  ptibcrulent,  perennial 
by  leafy  stolons;  stem  erect  or  ascending,  sim- 
ple or  at  length  freely  brnnclied,  i°-3°  high. 
Leaves  ovale  to  oblong-lanceolate,  or  narrower, 
ncuininate  at  the  apex,  sharply  dentate,  nar- 
rowed or  cuneate  at  the  ba^e,  2'-^'  long,  y^'- 
iji'  wide,  usually  ta])ering  into  a  conspicu- 
ous petiole;  brads  minute,  acute  or  acuminale; 
calyx- teeth  triangular-subulate,  herbaceous, one- 
half  as  long  as  the  tube  or  nu  re;  corolla  longer 
than  the  calyx;  rndimentary  posterior  stamt  ns 
oval  or  oblong;  nutlets  much  shorter  than  the 
calyx. 

In  wet  soil,  soutlii  rn  New  York  to  I'lorida,  Ohio, 
Arkansas  and  Louisiana.     July-Dit. 

\\1   ■  ■■ 


Ii8 


I.ABIATAE. 


[Voi<.  III. 


5.    Lycopus  lucidus  Turcz. 

\     .1 


14  <\iw. 


Western  Water  Hoarhound.     (Fig.  3172.) 

/,.  /ncidiisTmc?..-  Eoiitli.  in  DC.  Prodr.  12:  178.  1848. 
Ljropiis  liiiiiins  var.  Americaniis  A.  Gray,  Proc.  Ara. 

Acad.  8:  286.      1S70. 

Pubescent  or  glabrate,  perennial  by  stolons;  stem 
usually  stout,  erect,  strict,  leafy,  simple,  or  some- 
times branched,  i°-3°  high.  Leaves  oblong-lan- 
ceolate, acute  at  the  apex,  narrowed  or  rounded  at 
the  base,  sessile,  or  very  short-pctioled,  2'-6'  long, 
li'-iyi'  wide,  sharply  serrate  with  acute  ascending 
teeth;  bracts  ovate  or  lanceolate,  acuminate-subu- 
late, the  outer  ones  often  as  long  as  the  flowers; 
calyx-teeth  5,  subulate-lanceolate,  nearly  as  long  as 
the  tube;  corolla  little  longer  than  the  calyx;  rudi- 
mentary stamens  slender,  thickened  at  the  tips; 
uutlets  much  shorter  than  the  calyx. 

In  wet  soil,  Minnesota  to  Kansas,  west  to  British  Co- 
lumbia, California  and  Arizona.  Also  in  northern  Asia. 
July-Sept. 


6.    Lycopus  Europaeus  l^.     Water  or 

Marsh  Hoa'rhound.       Gip.sy-wort. 

Gipsy-herb.     (Fig.  3173.) 

I.ycopKS  JuiiD/iaciis  L.  Sp.  PI.  21.      i;5j. 

Puberulent  or  pubescent,  perennial  by  suck- 
ers; stems  stout,  at  length  widely  branched, 
i°-2%°  high.  Leaves  ovate,  ovate-oblong,  or 
oblong-lanceolate,  short-petiolcd,  or  the  upper 
sometimes  sessile,  coarsely  dentate,  or  the  lower 
incised  at  the  base,  i'-;/  long,  ^i'-i'  wide; 
bracts  subulate-lanceolate,  the  outer  shorter 
than  or  efjualling  the  (lowers;  calyx-teeth  snbu- 
late-spinulosc;  corolla  scarcely  longer  than  the 
calyx;  rudimentary  posterior  stamens  obsolete; 
nutlets  shorter  than  the  calyx. 

In  waste  yilaces,  soutliern  Xew  York  to  Virginia. 
Naturalised  I'lom  Kurope.    July-Sept. 

35.  MENTHA  I,.  Sp.  PI.  576.  1753. 
I'lrect  or  diffuse  odorous  herbs,  with  simple  sessile  or  petioled  mostly  punctate  leaves, 
and  small  whorlcd  purple  pink  or  white  flowers,  the  whorls  axillary  or  in  terminal  dense  or 
interrupted  spikes.  Calyx  campanulate  to  tubular,  lo-nerved,  regular,  or  slightly  2  lipped, 
5-toothcd.  Corolla-tube  shorter  than  the  calyx,  the  limb  4-cleft,  somewhat  irregular,  the 
posterior  lobe  usually  somewhat  broader  than  the  others,  entire  or  emarginate.  Stamens  4, 
e(iual,  erect,  included  or  exserted,  sometimes  imperfect;  filaments  glabrous;  anthers  2  celled, 
the  sacs  parallel.  Ovary  4-parted;  style  2-clcft  at  the  summit.  Nutlets  ovoid,  smooth. 
[N  inie  used  by  Tlieophrastus;  from  the  nymph  Minthe.] 

.\1)out  ,30  species,  nali  ves  of  the  north  tern  i)erate  zone.    The  more  or  less  ch.iracteristie  odors  of  the 
spceies  eliaiiKe  during  llic  progress  of  the  life  of  the  plant.     The  following  occur  in  North  .\nieriea. 

•X-   Whorls  of  flowers  in  terminal  spikes,  or  some  in  the  upper  axils. 
Plants  glabrous  i>v  very  nearly  so. 

Spikes  slim,  narrow,  mostly  interrupted;  leaves  sessile,  or  nearly  .so.  1.  M.  .if>iia/<i. 

•Spikes  thick,  mostly  dense,  at  first  short;  leaves  petioled. 
Leaves  lanceolate  or  oblong,  acute. 
Leaves  ovate,  obtuse,  or  the  upper  acute,  subcordate. 
Plants  villous,  hirsute  or  canescent,  at  least  at  the  nodes. 
.Spikes  slim  or  narrow,  often  interrupted. 

I.e.ives  lanceolate  or  ovate-laneeolatc,  acute. 
Leaves  elliptic  or  ovate  oblong,  obtuse,  reticulated  beneath. 
Spikes  thick  (6"  ).  dense,  elongated  or  short. 

Leaves  sessile;  spikes  I'-j   long;  plai\t  canescent. 
Leaves  distinctly  petioled,  or  the  uppennost  .sessile;  spikes  short. 
Leaves  simply  serrate. 

Leaves  mostly  incised,  the  margins  crisped  and  wavy. 
->;-    K-  Whorls  of  flowers  all  axillary. 
Leaves  crenatcdentate;  calyx  teeth  triangular,  short.  9.  .lA  aiz'cnsis. 


Af.  pipcrila. 
M.  liliala. 


M.  loiic^i/olid. 
M.  loliiudifolia. 


6.  AT.  ali'piruroidcs. 


AT.  aqualUa. 
AT.  cris/ia. 


Vol.  III.] 


MINT  FAMILY. 


ug 


10.  A/,  genlilis. 

11.  Af.  saliva. 

12.  Af.  Canadensis. 


Leaves  sharply  serrate;  calyx-teeth  subulate. 

Caly.\-tecth  ciliate,  the  tube  glabrous;  leaves  ovate. 
Calyx  densely  or  sparsely  pubeseent  all  over. 

Leaves  ovate,  pubescent  on  both  sides;  hairs  of  the  stem  reflexed. 

Leaves  oblong  or  ovate  oiilong,  nearly  or  ijuite  glabrous. 

1.    Mentha  spicata  L.     Spearmint.     Our 
Lady's  Mint.     (Fig.  3174.) 

Mentha  spicala  L.  Sp.  I'l.  576.      1753. 
Mentha  spicata  var.  firiJis  L.  loc.  cit.      175J. 
Mentha  viiidis  L.  Sp.  PI.  Kd.  2,  804.      1763. 

Glabrous,  perennial  by  leafy  stolons;  stem  erect, 
branched,  i°-i}'i°  liigb.  Leaves  lanceolate,  ses- 
sile or  sbori-petioled,  sharply  serrate,  acute  or 
acuminate  at  the  apex,  narrowed  at  the  base,  the 
largest  about  2^i'  long;  whorls  of  flowers  in  ter- 
minal narrow  acute  usually  interrupted  spikes, 
which  become  2'-4'  long  in  fruit,  the  one  terminat- 
ing the  stem  surpassing  the  lateral  ones;  bracts 
subulate-lanceolate,  ciliate,  some  of  them  usually 
longer  than  the  flowers;  calyx  campauulate,  its 
teeth  hirsute  or  glabrate,  subulate,  nearly  as  long 
as  the  tube;  corolla  glabrous. 

In  moist  fields  or  waste  places,  Nova  Scotia  to  Onta- 
rio, Minnesota  and  Utah,  south  to  Florida  and  Kansas. 
Naturalized  from  Hurope.     Niitive  also  of  Asia.     Othe 
nanus  are  (iarden-,  Hrown-  or  Slackerel-JI'ut,  Sag 
Belhlelicm.     July-Sept. 

n.    Mentha  piperita  L.     Peppermint.     (Fig.  3175.) 

Mentha  piperita  L.  Sp.  PI.  576.      1753. 

rercnnial  by  subterranean  suckers;  stems  gla- 
brous, mostly  erect,  branched,  i°-3°  high.  Leaves 
lanceolate,  petioled,  dark  gn\;n,  acute  at  the  apex, 
rounded  or  iiarroweil  at  the  base,  rather  firm, 
sharply  serrate,  glabrous  on  both  sides,  or  pubes- 
cent on  t'.ii:  veins  beneath,  the  larger  lYi'-},'  long, 
i'-l!i'  vide;  whorls  of  flowers  in  terminal  dense 
or  interrupted  spikes,  which  are  thick  and  obtuse, 
and  become  I '-3'  long  in  fruit,  the  middle  one  at 
length  overtopped  by  the  lateral  ones;  bracts  lance- 
olate, acuminate,  not  longer  than  the  flowers, or  the 
lower  occasionally  foliaceous;  calyx  tiibular-caiu- 
panulate,  glabrous  below,  its  teeth  subulate,  usu- 
ally ciliate,  oue-half  as  long  as  the  tube  or  more; 
corolla  glabrous;  style  occasionally  3-cleft. 

In  wet  soil,  Nova  Scotia  to  Ontario  and  Minnesota, 
south  to  I'lorida  and  Tennessee.  Naturalized  from 
ICuiope.     Lamb-  or  Hrandy  Jliiit.    July-Sept. 


3- 


Mentha  citr^ta  IChrli.     Bergainot 
Mint.     (Fig.  3176.) 

Mentlia  citrata  lihrh.  Heilr.  7;  150.      1792. 

Perennial  by  leafy  stolons,  glabrous  throughout; 
stem  weak,  branched,  decumbent  or  ascending,  l°- 
2°  long.  Leaves  petioled,  thin,  ovate  or  ovate-or- 
bicular, obtuse  or  the  upper  acute  at  the  apex, 
rounded  or  subcordatc  at  the  base,  sharply  serrate 
with  low  teeth,  the  larger  about  2'  long,  l'-i>2'  [^ 
wide;  whorls  of  flowers  in  terminal  dense  thick  ob-  |^ 
tuse  spikes,  and  commonly  also  in  the  uppermost 
axils;  spikes  scarcely  more  than  i'  long  in  fruit; 
calyx  glabrous,  its  teeth  subulate,  one-half  as  long 
as  the  lube,  or  longer;  corolla  glabrous. 

In  wet  soil,  Staten  Island.  N.  Y.,  and  Ohio.     Advcn- 
tive  from  Ivurope.     July  Sept. 


\". 


!l 


I20 


LAIUATAE. 


[Vol.  III. 


4.    Mentha  longifdlia  (L.)  Huds. 
Horse  Mint.     (Fig.  3177.) 

Mentha  sfyicala  var.  loiii^i/olia  I,.  Sp.  PI.  576.      1753. 
Mi-nlha  loiigifolia  Ilnds.  1"1.  AiirI.  221.      1762. 
Meniha  sylz'eslris  I..  Sp.  I'l.  Ud.  2,  >So4.      176,5. 

rerentiial  by  suckers,  cancsccnt  or  puberulent 
nearly  all  over;  stems  mostly  erect,  brauclieil,  or 
simple,  i°-2,!4°  high.  I<eaves  lanceolate,  ovate- 
lanceolate,  or  oblong-lanceolate,  sessile,  or  very 
sliort-petioled,  acute  at  the  apex,  usually 
rounded  at  the  base,  sharply  serrate,  i'-^'  long, 
li'-i]^'  wide,  sometimes  glabrous  above;  whorls 
of  flowers  in  terminal  narrow  dense  or  inter- 
rupted acute  spikes,  which  become  2'-$'  Itngin 
fruit;  bracts  lanceolate-subulate,  the  lower  equal- 
ling or  longer  than  the  flowers;  calyx  toinentosc 
or  canescent,  its  teeth  subulate,  one-half  as  long 
as  the  campanulate  tube;  corolla  puberulent. 

In  waste  places,  Pemmylvania  and  New  Jersey. 
N.-iturali.'.cd  from  liurope.  Called  also  Hrook-  or 
I'isli Hint,  and  fiirmerly  Water-JIiiit.     Juty-Oct. 


5.    Mentha  rotundifdlia  (L.)  Hud.s 

Mriiiha  spirala  var.  rolundifolia   \,.  Sp.  PI. 

Mentha  roliindi/olia  Huds.  Fl.  Angl.  221.  1762. 
Perennial  by  leafy  stolons,  canescent  or 
tonienlose-pubcrulcnt,  somewhat  viscid; 
stems  ascending  or  erect,  simple  or  branch- 
ed, usually  slender,  i/^°-2/-^°  high.  Leaves 
elliptic,  or  ovate-oblong,  short-petiolcd,  or 
sessile  and  somewhat  clasping  y  the  sub- 
cordate  or  rounded  base,  obtuse  at  the  apex, 
crenate-serrate  with  low  teeth,  i'-2'  long, 
9"-i5"  wide,  more  or  less  rugose-reticu- 
lated beneath;  whorls  of  flowers  in  terminal 
dense  or  interrupted  spikes  which  elongate 
to  2'-4'  in  fiuit;  bracts  lanceolate,  acumin- 
ate, commonly  shorter  than  the  flowers; 
calyx-teeth  setaceous,  usually  about  one- 
half  as  long  as  the  tube;  corolla  puberident. 

In  waste  places,  Maine  to  North  Carolina, 
Texas  and  Mexico.  Called  also  .Vpple  Mint, 
Horse  Mint,  Wild  Mint.    July-Sept. 


Round- leaved  Mint. 


(Fig.  3178 


6.  Mentha  alopecurcides  Hull.    Woolly- 
Mint.     (Fig.  3179.) 

Mfullia  aloficciii oidcs  Hull.  Itrit.  PI.  221.      1799. 

I'eretuiial  by  suckers,  white-woollj-;  stem 
stout,  leafy,  erect  or  ascending,  simple  or  branch- 
ed, lj2°-5°  high.  Leaves  broadly  oval,  sessile, 
or  partly  clasping  by  a  subcordate  or  rarely 
rounded  base,  obtuse  at  the  apex,  sharply  i:nd 
rather  coarsely  serrate,  pinnately-vcined,  the 
lower  i'-}/  long,  I'/i'-i'  wide;  spikes  ratlicr 
thick,  den.se,  stout,  obtuse,  2'-^'  long  in  fruit; 
bracts  lanceolate,  shorter  than  the  flowers;  calyx- 
teeth  setaceous,  one- half  as  long  as  the  campan- 
ulate tube,  or  more;  corolla  pubescent. 

AlouK  roadsidis,  soiillurn  New  York.  New  Jersey 


.niid    Pennsylvania   l(i 
ICurope.    July  Oct. 


Missouri.     Naturalized   from 


Vol.  hi.] 


MINT  FAMILY. 


121 


7.    Mentha  aquatica  h.     Water  Mint. 
Fish  Mint.     (Fig.  3180.) 

Mentha  aquatica  I,.  Sp.  PI.  576.      1753. 

Perennial  by  suckers,  hirsute  or  pubescent, 
rarely  glabratc;  stem  stout,  erect,  leafy,  usually 
branched,  i</2°-2yi°  high,  its  hairs  reflexed. 
Leaves  broadly  ovate,  pctioled,  acute,  subacute 
or  the  lower  obtuse  at  the  apex,  rounded,  subcor- 
date  or  rarely  narrowed  at  the  base,  sharply  ser- 
rate, the  larger  I'/^-y  long  and  nearly  as  wide; 
whoris  of  flowers  in  terminal  dense  short  thick 
rounded  spikes,  and  usually  also  in  the  upper 
axils;  spikes  seldom  more  than  i'  long  in  fruit; 
bracts  lanceolate,  shorter  than  the  flowers;  calyx 
hirsute,  its  teeth  lanceolate-subulate  or  triangular- 
lanceolate,  one-third  to  one-half  as  long  as  the 
nearly  cylindric  tube;  corolla  sparingly  pubescent. 

In  wet  places,  Nova  Scotia  to  Pennsylviuiia  and 
Georgia.     Naturalized  from  Kurope.     .\ug.-Oct. 


8 


9.  Mentha  arvensis  L.     Corn  Mint. 

Field  Mint.     (Fig.  3182.) 
Afrii/tia  arT'eiisis  L.  Sp.  I'l.  ,S77.      175,^. 

I'erennial  by  suckers,  pubescent  or  gla- 
brate;  stems  erect  or  ascending,  simple  or 
branched,  6'-2=  high,  slender.  Leaves  ob- 
long-lanceolate, oval  or  ovate,  petioled,  acute 
at  the  apex  or  the  lower  obtuse,  crenatc-ser- 
rate  witli  bluntish  teeth,  mostly  narrowed  at 
the  base,  i'-2}4'  long,  |i'-i'  wide,  the  upper 
not  much  smaller  than  the  owcr;  whorls  of 
flowers  all  axillary,  usually  about  eiiualliiig 
the  petioles;  calyx  pubescent,  canipanulate, 
its  teeth  triangular,  about  as  long  as  the 
width  of  their  l)asc,  acute  or  sometimes  ob- 
tuse, one-third  as  long  as  the  tube. 

Ill  dry  waste  places,  New  Brunswick,  iiortli 
cm  New  York  to  New  Jersey,  Pennsylvania  aiul 
I'Morida.     Also  in  California  and  Mexico.     Niit- 
uralized    from    I-lunipe.     Called    also     I.anib's- 
tongue  and  Wild  Pennyroyal.    July-Sept. 


Mentha  crispa  L.    Cri.sped-leaved, 
Cnrled  or  Cros.s  Mint.   (Fig.  3 1 8 1 . ) 

Mcnllia  crispa  L.  Sp.  PI.  57(3.      175.^ 
Mi'iillia  aqualica  var.  crispa  Benlii.  Lab.  Gen. 
cV  ,Sp.  177.      1S33. 

Sparingly  pilose  pubescent  at  least  at  the 
nodes,  petioles  and  veins  of  the  lower  surfaces 
of  the  leaves;  stem  rather  weak,  usually  much 
branched,  i;4°-3°  long.  Leaves  distinctly 
petioled,  or  the  uppermost  sessile,  ovate  in 
outline,  mostly  acute  at  the  apex,  rounded, 
truncate  or  subcordate  at  the  base,  their 
margins  crisped,  wavy  and  incised,  or  the 
uppermost  niereh'  sharply  serrate;  whorls  of 
flowers  in  dense  thick  rounded  terminal 
spikes,  which  become  I'-iJ-j'  long  in  fruit; 
calyx  sparingly  pubescent  or  glabrous,  its 
teeth  subulate,  more  than  one-half  as  long 
as  the  canipanulate  tube;  corolla  glabrous. 

In  .swamps  and  roadside  ditches,  southern 
New  York,  New  Jersey  and  Pennsylvania. 
.\utf.-Oct. 


123 


LABIATAE. 


[Vol,.  III. 


10.   Mentha  gentilis  L,. 


Creeping  or  Downy  Whorled  Mint.     (iMg.  3183.) 

Menllia  gcnlilis  I,.  Sp.  PI.  577.      1753. 

Perennial  by  suckers;  stem  rather  stout,  as- 
cending or  erect,  branched,  puberulent  with 
short  reflcxed  hairs,  i°-2°  high.  Leaves  ovate 
or  oval,  short-petioled,  sparingly  pubescent  with 
scattered  hairs  on  both  surfaces,  often  blotched, 
pinnately  veined,  acute  at  both  ends,  sharply 
serrate,  the  larger  \l4'-2'  long,  the  upper 
sometimes  much  smaller  than  the  lower;  whorls 
of  flowers  all  axillary;  pedicels  glabrous;  calyx 
campanulatc,  glabrous  below,  its  teeth  subulate, 
ciliate,  one-half  as  long  as  the  tube;  corolla 
glabrous. 

In  waste  places  and  along  .streams,  Maine  to 
northern  New  York,  New  Jersey  and  Penusjlvaiiia. 
NaluraU/.ed  from  liurope.     Aug.-Oet. 


II.  Mentha  saliva  L.     Maish  Whorled 
Mint.      (Fig.  3184.) 

Mcnllia  saliz'a  I,.  Sp.  I'l.  Ivd.  2,  So.s.      ird.V 

Perennial  by  suckers;  stem  ascending,  usu- 
ally widclj'  branched,  densely  pubescent  with 
sometimes  rcflexed  hairs,  i°-3°  long.  Leaves 
ovate,  short-petioled,  pubescent  on  both  sides, 
acute  at  the  apex,  mostly  rounded  at  the  base, 
sharply  serrate,  the  larger  I'-a'  long,  the  upper 
sometimes  much  smaller;  whorls  of  flowers  all 
axillary,  coumionly  surpassing  the  petioles; 
calyx  campanulate,  pubescent  all  over,  its  tri- 
angular-subulate teeth  one-half  as  long  as  the 
tube;  pedicels  pubescent  or  glabrous. 

In  waste  places,  Nova  Scotia  to  Pennsylvania. 
Naturalized  from  Kurope.    July-Sept. 


12.  Mentha  Canadensis  L.     American 
Wild  Mint.     (Fig.  3185.) 

AFnilha  Canadensis  I„  Sp.  PI.  577.      175,?. 
Menllia  hoiealis  Miclix.  I'l.  lior.  .^in.  2:  2.      1803. 
Mcnilia  Canadensis  var.  ^hibtala  lienth.   in   DC. 
Prodr.  12:  173.     i84N. 

I'erennial  by  suckers;  stem  more  or  less  pu- 
bescent with  spreading  or  scarcely  reflexcd 
hairs,  or  glabrate,  erect,  simple,  or  branched, 
usually  slender,  6'-2^°  high.  Leaves  obloug 
or  ovate-oblong,  or  oblong-lanceolate,  slender- 
petioled,  acute  at  the  apex,  or  the  lower  obtuse, 
sharply  serrate,  narrowed  to  a  somewhat  cuneate 
acute  or  obtuse  base,  glabrous  or  very  sparingly 
pubescent,  the  larger  2'-},'  long,  yi'-i'  wide; 
whorls  of  flowers  all  axillary,  often  shorter  than 
the  petioles;  calyx  obloug-canipanulatc,  densely 
or  sparingly  pubescent  all  over,  its  teeth  one- 
fourth  to  one-third  as  long  as  the  tube. 

In  moist  .soil,  New  Rrunswick  to  the  Northwest 
Territory  and  liritisli  Columbia,  soutli  to  VirRinia, 
Nebraska,  New  Mexico  and  Nevada.  Variable. 
Odor  like  Pennyroyal.     July-Oct. 


^ 


Vol,.  III.] 


MINT  FAMILY. 


"3 


36.    COLLINSONIA  L.  Sp.  PI.  28.       1753. 

Tall  perennial  aromatic  herbs,  with  large  niembrauons  petioled  leaves,  and  terminal 
loose  panicled  racemes  of  small  yellowish  mostly  opposite  flowers.  Calyx  campanulate, 
short,  lo-nerved,  2-lipped,  declined  in  fruit,  usually  pubescent  in  the  throat;  upper  lip 
3-toothed;  lower  2-cleft.  Corolla  much  longer  than  the  calyx,  obliquely  campanulate, 
5-lobcd,  4  of  the  lobes  nearly  equal,  the  5th  pendent  or  declined,  fimbriate  or  lacerate,  much 
larger,  appearing  like  a  lower  lip.  Anther-bearing  stamens  2,  not  declined,  much  exsertcd, 
coiled  before  aiithesis;  bases  of  the  filaments  connected  by  a  woolly  ring;  anthers  2-celled, 
or  the  sacs  at  length  partially  confluent.  Ovary  deeply  4-parted.  Nutlets  smooth,  globose. 
[Named  for  Peter  Collinson,  1693-1768,  an  English  botanist,  and  correspondent  of  Linnaeus.] 

Two  or  ,^  species,  nativfs  of  eastern  North  Anieric.i. 


CoUinsonia  Canadensis 


Horse-balm 


Citronella.      Rich-weed. 
(Fig.  3186.) 

CoUinsonia  Canadensis  I,.  Sp.  I'l.  2S.      1753. 

Stem  stout,  erect  or  ascending,  branch- 
ed, 2°-5°  high,  glabrous,  or  glandular- 
pubescent  above.  Leaves  ovate  or  ovatc- 
oblong,  acuminate  at  the  apex,  narrowed, 
obtuse  or  sometimes  cordate  at  the  base, 
the  lower  slcnder-pctioled,  6'-io'  long, 
the  upper  nearly  sessile,  much  smaller, 
all  coarsely  dentate;  racemes  numerous, 
in  terminal  panicles  sometimes  1°  long; 
pedicels  ascending,  y-6"  long  in  fruit, 
snbulatc-bracteolate  at  the  base;  flowers 
lemon-scented;  calyx-teeth  subulate, those 
of  the  lower  lip  much  longer  than  those 
of  the  upper;  corolla  light  yellow,  if'-'i" 
long;  anther-bearing  stamens  2,  the  upper 
pair  rudimentary;  fruiting  calyx  promi- 
nently ribbed,  2t"-\"  long. 

In  moist  woods.  Maine  and  Ontario  to  Wis- 
consin, south  to  IHorida  and  Kansas.  Root 
lait?c,  thick,  woody.  Called  also  Ilorsc-wced 
and  Stoni-mot.    July-Oct. 

37.    PERiLLA  Ard.;  L.  Gen.  PI.  Md.  6,  Add.  578.       1764. 

.\nnual  herbs,  with  petioled  purple  or  discolored  leaves,  and  small  flowers  in  loose 
bracted  racemes.  Calyx  campanulate,  lo-nerved,  5  cleft,  nearly  regular  in  flower,  enlarging, 
declined  and  becoming  2-lipped  in  fruit,  the  upper  lip  3-tootlied,  the  lower  2-cleft,  the  throat 
not  bearded.  Corolla-tube  not  longer  than  the  calyx,  the  throat  obliquely  campanulate,  the 
limb  5-cleft,  the  lower  lobe  slightly  the  larger.  .Stamens  4,  nearly  equal,  or  the  posterior 
])air  shorter,  erect,  divergent;  anthers  2-cclled.  Style  deeply  2-clert;  ovary  4-partcd.  Nut- 
lets globose,  reticulated.    [The  native  name  in  India.] 

One  or  2  species,  natives  of  Asia. 

I.   Perilla  frutescens  (L. )  Britton. 

Perilla.     (Fig.  3187.) 

Ocimnm  frutescens  \,.  Sp.  1*1.  ,597.      175.3. 
J'erilla  ocinioides  I,.  C.cti.  ICd.  6,  Add.  ,S7.s.    i-(>\. 
J'eiilla  J'rulescens  Britton,  Mem.  Torr.  Club,  5: 

277.      .894- 

Purple  or  purple-green,  sparingly  pubes- 
cent; stem  stout,  erect,  much  branched, 
1O--0  high,  leafy.  Leaves  long-petioled, 
broadly  ovate,  acuminate  at  the  apex,  nar 
rowed  at  the  base,  coarsely  dentate,  s'-f/ 
long  and  nearly  as  wide;  racemes  terminal 
and  axillary,  many-flowered,  3'-6'  long; 
pedicels  spreading,  1)1" -2/'  long  in  fruit; 
calyx  minute  in  flower,  nmch  enlarged, 
gibbous  at  the  base  and  densely  pilose-pu- 
l)escent  in  fruit;  corolla  purple  or  white, 
1)2"  long,  with  a  woolly  ring  within. 

In  waste  places,  escaped  from  tjaraens,  south- 
ern New  York  to  Illinois.  Native  of  India. 
July  Oct. 


124 


LABIATAE. 


[Vol,.  III. 


Perilla  frutesccns  Nankinensis  (I,our. )  liritloii.  Mem.  Torr.  Club,  5:  277.      1894. 
Denlidia  Xankiiieiish  I.our.  I'l.  Cncliin   lid.  WilUl.  .).(!<.      1711,1. 
Pel  ilia  ocinididrs  var.  (iis/>a  Heiitli.  in  I)C.  I'rodr.  12:  ifi).      iS(H. 

1,1'iivfS  crisped  and  incised.     Escaped  from  jjardeiis,  New  Jersey  to  West  Virginia. 

38.  ELSHOLTZIA  Willcl.  in  Roem.  &  Ust.  Mag.  Bot.  11 :  3.  1790. 
Herbs,  with  thin  mostly  petioled  leaves,  and  small  or  minute  clustered  flowers,  in  ter- 
minal bracted  spikes.  Calyx  canipannlate  or  ovoid,  lo-ncrved,  scarcely  oblique,  enlarging 
in  fruit,  not  bearded  in  the  throat,  ,5-toothed,  the  teeth  nearly  equal.  Corolla-tube  little 
longer  than  the  calyx,  straight,  or  a  little  curved,  the  limb  oblique,  or  slightly  2-lipped, 
4-lobed;  upper  lobe  erect,  concave,  emarginate,  the  3  others  spreading.  Stamens  4,  diver- 
gent, didynamous,  ascending,  exserted,  the  upper  pair  shorter;  anthers  2celled,  or  the  sacs 
more  or  less  confluent.  Style  2-cleft  at  the  summit.  Ovary  4-parted.  Nutlets  ovoid  or  ob- 
long, tuberculate,  or  nearly  smooth.  [Named  in 
honor  of  J.  S.  lUsholtz,  a  Prussian  botanist.] 
About  20  species,  natives  of  Asia. 

I.    Elsholtzia  Patrinii  (Lepech.)  Kunt/e. 
Ivlsholt/.ia.     (Fig.  3188.) 

Meiilha  Pa  I  n'  II  i  i  \,<\ivc\\.  Nov.  Act.  I'etrop.  I3:.y6.  1802. 
E.  nislala  Willd.  in  Koeni.  &  1st.  Ma;;.  Hot.  li:  3.  i7<)o. 
/■y.s/io//~ia  J'alriiiii  Kuiitze,  k(  v.  Gen.  PI.  517.      1891. 

Annual,  glabrous  or  nearly  so;  stems  weak,  erect 
or  ascending,  at  lengtli  widely  branched,  \°-2° 
high.  I.eavcs  long-pcliolcd,  ovate  or  oblong,  acute 
or  acuminate  at  the  apex,  narrowed  at  the  base, 
crenate  dentate,  I'-j'  long;  spikes  terminal,  very 
dense,  i'-;,'  high,  about  '/z'  thick;  flowers  sieveral 
in  the  axils  of  each  of  the  l>roadly  ovate  membran- 
ous green  reticulated  tnucronate  bracts;  calyx  hir- 
sute, sliorter  than  the  bract;  corolla  1"  long, 
pale  purple. 

Notre  Dame  du  I,ac.  Teniiscouata  Co.,  (Juebec. 
Naturalized  from  Asia.     July-.\uif. 

Family  26.  SOLANACEAE  Pcrs,  Syii.  i:  214.  1805. 
I'or.xTo  r.\Mii.v. 
Herbs,  shrubs,  vines,  or  some  tropical  species  trees,  with  alternate  or  rarely 
opposite,  exstipulate  entire  dentate  lolied  or  di.ssected  leaves,  and  perfect  regnlar 
or  nearly  regular  cyino.se  flowers.  Calyx  inferior,  gaino.sepaloiis,  mostly  5-lobed. 
Corolla  gamopetaloiis,  rotate,  campanulate,  fiiinielform,  .salverform  or  tubular, 
mostly  5-lobed,  the  lobes  induplicate-valvate  or  plicate  in  the  bud.  Stamens  as 
many  as  the  lobes  of  the  corolla  and  alternate  with  them,  inserted  on  the  tube, 
all  equal  and  perfect  in  the  following  genera,  except  in  J'diniiii,  where  4  are 
didynamous  and  the  fifth  smaller  or  ob.solete;  anthers  2-celled,  apically  or  longi- 
tudinally dehiscent.  Disk  present,  or  none.  Ovary  entire,  superior,  2-celled 
(rarely  3-5-celled);  ovules  numerous  on  the  axile  placentae,  anatrojwus  or 
amphitropous;  style  .slender,  .simple;  .stigma  terminal;  fruit  a  berry  or  capsule. 
Seeds  numerous,  the  testa  sometimes  roughened;  embryo  terete,  spiral,  curved, 
or  nearly  straight;  endosperm  fleshy;  cotyledons  semiterete. 

About  70  ({cnera  and  \Gx>  species,  widely  distributed,  most  .ibundant  in  tropical  regions. 
-;;-   Fruit  a  pulpy  berry;  corolla  plicate,  its  lobes  generally  induplicate. 
Anthers  unconnected,  destitute  of  terminal  pores,  dehiscent. 
Fruitiiiff  calyx  blad<Urv  iiillated. 

I'ruiting  calyx  jangled  and  de(  ply  ,s  |)arled;  ovary  ,l-,s  celled,  i.   Pliyxalodrs. 

Fruiting  calyx  ,s  lobcd,  not  parted,  lo-ribbid,  often  .siu  angled,  reticulated,  wholly  enclosing 
the  berry:  ovary  2celled. 
Corolla  opencanipanulale,  yellowish  or  whitish,  often  with  a  daik  center;  seeds  with  a 

thin  margin,  finely  pitte<l.  2.   /'Iiysalis. 

Corolla  llat-rntale,  violet  or  purple:  seeds  thick,  rugose  tuberculate.  3    Oiiiiniila. 
Fruiting  calyx  somewhat  enlarged,  but  closely  fitted  to  the  fruit,  thin,  obscurely  veiny,  open  at 
the  mouth. 
Corolla  rotate,  whitish:  lobes  of  fruiting  calyx  much  exceeding  the  hurry.  4.  l.eiicofihvialis. 
Corolla  rotate,  whitish,  sometimes  tinged  with  purple;  fruiting  calyx  not  exceeding  the 
berry.  5.  Chamaesai  aclia. 

Anthers  connivent  or  slightly  connate;  fruiting  calyx  not  eidargid. 

.\ntliers  short  or  oblong,  opening  by  a  terminal  jiore  or  short  slit  in  our  species.    6.  So/a  until. 
Anthers  long,  tapering  from  base  to  summit,  lougiludiiuilly  dehiscent.  7.  I.y(i>f<risicoii. 

¥:  -X-   Fruit  a  nearly  dry  berry;  corolla  campanulate,  little  or  not  at  all  plicate,  its  lobes  imbricated. 

S.  Lycium. 


Vol..  III.] 


I'OTATO   FAMILY. 


125 


9.  /fyosfyaniiis. 
Id.  J'ti/iini. 

11.  Xicotiaiia. 

12.  Petunia. 


-A-    ■:■;-    •:;■    Fruit  a  capsule;  corolla  runnelform. 
Capsule  ciicutiiscissiU'  toward  the  lop,  which  sipar.iUs  as  a  lid;  corolla  irrcuiilar. 
Capsule  opiiiiuK  liy  valves. 
Capsule  ueuerally  priekty. 
CapsuU'  not  prickly. 

I'lnwevs  paniculate  or  racemose;  stamens  nearly  uniform  in  leiiKlli. 
I'lowi  rs  solitary;  stamens  very  une(iual. 

I,    PHYSALODES  Boehni.  in  Liidwig,  Def.  42.       1760. 
[Nic.\Ni)U.\  Adaiis.  I'aiii.  IM.  2:  219.     17^13.] 

.\ii  annual  erect  branching  glabrous  herb,  with  alleniate  petiolcd  thin  sinuate-dentate  or 
lobcd  leaves,  and  large  light  blue  peduncled  nodding  flowers,  solitary  in  the  axils.  Calyx 
5-partcd,  ,s-angled,  much  inflated  in  fruit,  its  segments  ovate,  coiinivent,  cordate  or  sagittate 
at  the  base,  strongly  reticulated.  Corolla  broadly  cainpanulate,  plicate  in  the  bud,  slightly 
5-lobed.  Stamens  5,  included,  inserted  on  the  corolla  near  its  base;  filanients  filiform,  di- 
lated and  pilose  below;  anthers  oblong,  the  sacs  longitudinally  dehiscent.  Ovary  3-5- 
cclleil;  style  slender;  stigma  3-5-lobed.  IJerry  globose,  nearly  dry,  enclosed  in  the  calyx. 
[Greek,  Thysalis-like.]  ^yi 

\  iiioiiotypic  Peruvian  genus. 

I.    Physalodes  physalodes  (L.  )   Brit- 
ton.      Apple-of-Peru.     (Fig.  3189.) 

Ahopa  pliysaliHli-s  I,.  Sp   I'l.  i8i.      i7,sv 
/'/lysiihn/rs  I'fi  iii'iaiium  Kuiil/e,  Kev.  Gen.  I'l.  .(52, 

iSqi. 
]'.  pliysaloitis  Hiitton,  Mem.  Torr.  Club.  5:  287.  1894, 

Stem  angled,  2'^ -5'  high.  Leaves  ovate  or 
oblong,  acuminate  but  blunt  pointed,  narrowed 
at  the  bi.se,  3'-S'  long,  l'-.\'  wide;  petioles 
longer  than  the  peduncles;  flowers  I'-i^'a'  long 
and  broad;  corolla-limb  almost  entire;  fruiting 
calyx  I'-lJi'  long  and  thick,  its  segments  acute 
at  the  apex,  their  basal  auricles  acute  or  cuspi- 
date; berry  about  J<'  in  diameter,  loosely  sur- 
rounded by  the  calyx. 

Ill  waste  places,  escaped  from  gardens,  Nova  Sco- 
tia to  Ontario,  south  to  Florida,  .\dventivc  from 
Peru,  riant  with  the  aspect  of  a  larf;e  /V/)v<;//\. 
Leaves  similar  to  those  iA\S/>ami>iiiinii.    July  Sept. 

2.  PHYSALIS  I,.  Sp.  PI.  182.  i: 
Annual  or  perennial  herbs,  sometimes  a  little  woody  below,  with  entire  or  sinuately 
toothed  leaves.  Peduncles  slender,  in  ours  solitary  from  the  axils  of  the  leaves.  Calyx 
campanulatc,  5-toothed,  in  fruit  enlarged  and  bladdery-inflated,  membranous,  5-angled,  or 
proininently  m-ribbcd  and  reticulate,  wholly  inclosing  the  pulpy  berry,  its  teeth  mostly 
coiinivent.  Corolla  yellowish  or  whitish,  often  with  a  darker  brownish  or  purplish  center, 
opeu-campanulate,  or  rarely  campanulate-rotate,  plicate.  Stamens  inserted  near  the  base  of 
the  corolla;  anthers  oblong,  opening  by  a  longitudinal  slit.  Style  slender,  somewhat  bent; 
stigma  minutely  2-cleft.  Seeds  numerous,  kidney-shaped,  flattened,  with  a  thin  edge,  finely 
pitted.     [C.reek,  bladder,  referring  to  the  inflated  calyx.] 

The  mimbcr  of  recognized  species  is  about  ,so.  Tlie  actual  number  is,  however,  much  larger. 
Two  species  are  of  liiiropean  origin,  and  about  half  a  do/en  are  natives  of  India  and  .Vustralia, 
the  rest  arc  American;  34  occur  in  the  fnitcd  States. 

->;-   Annuals  with  branched  fibrous  roots. 
t  riaiits  more  or  less  pubescent  (except  /'.  Jliirhadeiisis  obsnira). 
Fruiting  calyx  sharply  5-aiigled,  more  or  less  acuininate  at  the  summit  and  sunken  at  the  base; 
calyx-lobes  i  at  iloweriiig  time)  lanceolate  or  acuminate,  as  long  as  the  tube  or  longer. 
Leaves  ov:itc,  obliiiue,  acute  or  acuininate,  subeiitire  at  the  base;  upper  part  lepaiid  or  subeil- 

tire;  fruiting  calyx  small  and  short;  stem  slender,  dilTuse,  sharply  angled,  i.  P.  piihrscens. 
Leaves  cordate,  obliipic,  strongly  sinuate  to  the  base;  stem  stout,  obtusely  angled;   fruiting 

calyx  rounded.  2.  P.  pniinosa. 

Leaves  cordate,  scarcely  obliipie,  more  or  less  abruptly  acuminate,  acutely  repand  dentate; 
stem  tall,  acutely  angled;  fruiting  calyx  larger,  long-acuminate.  t,.  P.  /Ici inudi'nsts. 

limiting  calyx  obtusely  or  iiulislinclly  s-io-anglcd;  calyx-lobes  (at  flowering  time)  triangular, 
generally  shorter  than  the  tube.  4.  /'.  Lagascae. 

t  1   Plants  glabrous,  or  the  upper  part  sparingly  beset  with  short  hairs,  or  a  little  puberulent  when 

young;  fruiting  calyx  obtusely  s-io-angled,  not  sunken  at  the  base. 
Corolla  yellow,  sometimes  with  the  center  a  little  darker  but  never  brown  or  purple. 

Peduncle,  trencrally  much  longer  than  the  fruiting  calyx;  leaves  sinuately  toothed  or  subeiitire. 

5.  /'.  lanccifolia. 
Peduncles  scarcely  exceeding  the  fruiting  calyx;  leaves  sharply  dentate.     6.  P.  angiilala. 

*Text  contributed  by  Mr.  P.  A.  Rvdhkrg. 


126 


SOLANACEAK. 


[Vol,.  Ill, 


Corolla  yellow,  with  a  lirown  or  purple  centre. 

redum-les  short,  scarcely  as  long  as  the  flowers,  which  arc  5"-.S"  in  diameter;  calyx-lobes 

iMDadly  triiuiKular.  7.  I',  i  vocarfia. 

Peduncles  lonner  than  the  (lowers,  which  are  8"-i2"  in  diameter;  calyx-loltes  lanceolate-trian- 
Kular.  S.  /'.  Philadelf>liica. 

-X-   ■?(•   Perennial  by  rootatocka. 

t  Pubescence  not  stellate  (altlioUKh  in  /'.  pumita  of  branched  hairs). 
Pubescence  on  the  leaves  none,  on  the  upper  part  of  the  stem  and  the  calyx  sparse  and  short,  if  any. 
I'ruitinK  calyx  ovoid,  nearly  filled  by  the  berry,  scarcely  sunken  at  the  base. 

Leaves  oviite  lanceolate  to  broadly  ovate,  iisually  thin.  8.  /■.  Philadelpliica. 

Leaves  lanceolate,  oblanceolate,  or  linear.  q.  /'.  loiif;i/oliit. 

Fruiting  calyx  pyramidal,  very  much  inflated  and  deeply  sunken  at  the  base;  leaves  broadly 
ovate,  usually  coarsely  dentate.  10.  /'.  macrof>h\sa. 

Pubescence  sparse,  consisting  of   flat,  sometimes  jointed,  and  in  P.  pumiia  branched  hairs;  in 
P.  X'ir^iniana  sometimes  a  little  viscid. 
FruitiuK  c.ilyx  ovoid,  scarcely  angled  and  scarcely  sunken  at  the  base;  leaves  tliick,  obovate  or 
spatulate  to  rhomboid,  subentire. 
Leaves  obovate  or  spatulate;  hairs  all  simple.  11.  P.  lanceolala. 

Leaves  broader,  often  rhomboid;  hairs  on  tlic  lower  surface  branched.    12.  P.  pumiia. 
Fruiting;  calyx  pyramidal,  more  or  less  5  angled  and  deeply  sunkei\  at  the  base;  leaves  ovate  to 
lanceolate,  generally  more  or  less  dentate.  i,^.  /'.  Virgiiiiana. 

Pubescence  dense,  short,  more  or  less  viscid  or  glandular,  often  mixed  with  long  flat  jointed  hairs. 
Leaves  large;  blade  generally  over  2'  long  and  more  or  less  cordate.  14.  P.  Iicleropliylla. 

Leaves  less  than  2'  long,  rounded  ovate  or  rhombic,  scarcely  nt  all  cordate  at  the  base;  calyx, 

peduncles  and  yotinger  branches  with  long  white  flat  and  jointed  hairs.  15.  P.  coma/a. 
Leaves  small.  I'-i-,'  in  diameter,  nearly  orbicular,  sometimes  a  little  cordate  at  the  b.ise,  not 
coarsely  toothed ;  stem  dilTuse  or  prostrate.  16.  P.  rolumlal(t. 

t  t  Pubescence  dense,  cinereous,  beautifully  stellate.     17.  P.  z'iscosa. 

I.  Physalis  pubescens  ly.     Low  Hairy 
Ground-Cherry.     (Fig.  3190.) 

Pliysalis  pnhesccns  \,.  vSp.  PI.  183.      175^. 

Stem  generally  diitusc  or  spreading,  niucli 
branched,  angled,  often  a  little  swollen  at  the 
nodes,  villous-puhescetit  or  sometimes  nearly 
glabrous;  leaves  thin,  i'-2>2'  long,  ovate,  acute 
or  acuminate,  at  the  base  oblique,  slightly  cor- 
date and  generally  entire,  upward  repand-den- 
ticulate  or  entire,  pubescent,  sonietinies  becom- 
ing nearly  glabrous  exce])t  along  the  veins; 
peduncles  short,  i"-2'''  long,  or  in  fruit  about 
5";  calyx-lobes  narrow  but  not  with  a  subulate 
tip;  corolla  y's"  in  diameter,  yellow  with 
dark  centre;  anthers  usually  purplish;  fruiting 
calyx  membranous,  lo'^-is"  long,  pyramidal, 
ovoid-acuminate,  more  or  less  retuse  at  the  base. 

In  .sandy  soil,  Penn.sylvania  to  Florida  and  Cali- 
fornia; also  in  Mexico,  Central  and  .South  America 
and  India.  Called  also  Dwarf  Cape  Gooseberry  and 
Strawberry  Tomato.    July-Sept. 


2.  Physalis  pruinosa  L.    Tall  Hairy 
Ground-Cherry,     (Fig.  3191.) 

Physalis  pruinosa  L.  Sp.  184.      1753. 

P.  pubescens  Dunal,  in  DC.  Prod.  13:  part  i,  446. 

1852.     Also  American  authors  in  p.irt. 

Stout,  generally  erect,  and  •  re  hairy 
than  the  preceding  and  the  I  ,vo  following 
species;  stem  obtusely  angled,  finely  villous 
or  somewhat  viscid;  leaves  firm,  I'/i'-V 
long,  finely  pubescent,  ovate,  cordate,  gen- 
erally very  oblique  at  the  base,  and  deeply 
sinuately  toothed  with  broad  and  often  ob- 
tuse teeth;  peduncles  i"-2"  long,  in  fruit 
about  5";  calyx  villous  or  viscid;  lobes  as 
long  as  the  tube,  narrow  but  not  subulate- 
tipped;  corolla  2"-\"  in  diameter;  anthers 
yellow,  or  tinged  with  purple;  fruiting  calyx 
a  little  firmer  and  more  pubescent  than  in 
the  preceding,  reticulate,  lo'^-is"  long, 
ovoid,  cordate;  berry  yellow  or  green. 

In  cultivated  soil,  Mas.sachusetts  to  Iowa, 
Missouri  and  Florida.    July-Sept. 


Voi<.  III.] 


POTATO   FAMILY. 


127 


3.    Physalis  Barbadensis  Jacq.       Barbadoes  Ground-Cherry.     (Fig.  3192.) 

Pliysalis /larbaiiensis  ]i\\:i\.  Misc.  2:  359.     17S1. 

Stem  stouter  tlinn  in  /'.  puhcsccm:,  tall  and  erect  or 
widely  spreading,  acutely  3-4anKled,  pubescent, 
viscid,  or  sotnetinies  nearly  glabrous;  leaves  1)2'- 
2^'  l<"i>f>  ovate  or  lieart-sliapcd,  acute,  or  abruptly 
acuminate,  sharply  rci)and-dcntate,  pubescent  with 
short  hairs;  peduncles  short,  iyt"-2"  long,  but  in 
fruit  sometimes  10";  calyx  generally  densely  viscid- 
hirsute,  lobes  lanceolate,  acuminate,  but  not  subu- 
late-tipped; corolla  7'/^"-^"  in  diameter;  anthers 
generally  purplish;  fruiting  calyx  longer  than  in 
the  two  preceding  species,  I'-i^'  long,  acuminate 
and  reticulate,  retuse  at  the  base. 

Sandy  soil,  "..iirth  Carolina,  aoutht-rn  Illinois  and 
Mfxico,  tlif  Wtst  Indies  and  South  America.  July-Sept. 

Physalis  Barbadensis  obscura  (Michx.)  Rydl>erg,  Mem. 

Torr.  Clul).  4:  ,127.      1896. 
Physalis  ohsciira  Mielix.  1"1.  Dor.  Am.  1:  149.      1803. 

Greener;  perfectly  gliibrous,  or  sometimes  minutely 
pubescent,  wlien  it  tfrades  into  /',  /larbailensis  \>xo\tcx. 
The  distribution  is  about  the  same  as  tli.'it  of  the  species. 

4.  Physalis  Lagascae  R.  &  S.     Sniall- 
flowered  Groutid-Cherry.     (Fig.  3193.) 

JViysalis  l.ac^ascae  R.  «:  S.  Syst.  \'cg-.  4:  '''79.     i8iq. 
y.  minima  koxb.  Tl.  Ind.  I:  563.    1820.    Not  I,.  1753. 

Stem  spreading,  often  zigzag,  branched,  stri- 
ate, or  slightly  angled,  villous  with  short  hairs. 
Leaves  ^■^'-3,'i'  long,  ovate,  oblinuc  and  cuneate, 
obtuse,  or  cordate  at  the  base,  acute  but  not 
acuminate,  repandorsinuately  dentate,  hairy,  at 
least  on  the  veins;  peduncles  Ji'^-Z/i"  long, 
erect,  in  fruit  2j4"-5"  reflexed,  shorter  than  the 
fruiting  calyx;  calyx  villous,  lobes  shorter  than 
the  tube,  triangular;  corolla  i'/z'^-a"  in  dia- 
meter, yellow,  generally  with  a  dark  centre,  an- 
thers generally  yellow;  fruiting  calyx  7"-io" 
long,  round-ovoid,  nearly  filled  by  the  berry, 
scarcely  sunken  or  commonly  rounded  at  the 
base. 

Native  of  Mexico,  the  West  and  F.ast  Indies;  per- 
haps only  introduced  in  the  United  States.  Jlis- 
souri  atul  Kansas  to  Arkansas  and  Indian  Territory. 
July-Sept. 

5.    Physalis  lanceifolia  Nees.      I^ance- 
leaved  Ground-Cherry.     (Fig.  3194.) 

Physalis  lanceifolia  Nees,  Uimaea,  6:  473.      1831. 
P.'an^ulata  Ruiz  &  I'av.  I'l.  Peruv.  2:  43.     17(^9.      Not 

L-  1753- 

Erect, generally  \)^°  high, branched;  stem  angled, 
glabrous;  leaves  in  the  typical  form  lanceolate,  sub- 
entire  or  slightly  toothed;  calyx  cylindrical-cam- 
panulate,  its  lobes  broadly  triangular,  shorter  than 
the  tube;  peduncles  filiform,  about  i '  long,  erect 
with  nodding  flower,  in  fruit  \)i'-i'  long  and  re- 
flexed;  corolla  3"-4"  in  diameter,  campanulate, 
yellow,  without  a  dark  spot;  anthers  yellow,  more 
or  less  tinged  with  purple;  fruiting  calyx  about  10" 
long,  rounded  ovoid,  indistinctly  lo-angled  and 
purple  veined,  nearly  filled  by  the  berry. 

Illinois  to  Texas,  California  and  southward.  .\lso  in 
Mexico  and  Peru.  In  tlie  eastern  plant  the  leaves  are 
broader  than  in  the  typical  form,  and  sometimes  with 
sharper  teeth.     July-Sept. 


128 


.SOI.ANACEAE. 


[Vol..  III. 


6.   Physalis  angulata  L. 


Cut-leaved  Ground-Cherry.     (Kij;.  3195.) 

Pliyuitis  an);iilala  I,.  Sp.  I'l.  183.      1753. 

IJrect,  i]i^-T,°  \\\\!)\,  \!,\a\nQ\\»\  stem  niijjular; 
leaves  ovate,  with  inure  or  less  cuiicatc  base, 
soiiie-vliat  simiaU'ly  toothed  with  loiiK-acuiiii- 
iiate  teeth;  blades  2' -2',i'  Ioiik,  011  slender  peti- 
oles I'-a'  loii),',  thill,  tlie  veins  not  prominent; 
pe<luncles  slender,  io"-i5"  lonj;,  erect,  in  frnit 
often  rcflcxed  Iiut  seldom  exceeding  tlie  fruiting 
calyx  in  length;  calyx  smooth,  lobes  triangular 
to  lanceolate,  generally  shorter  than  the  tube; 
corolla  2!4"-5"  iu  diameter;  anthers  more  or 
less  purplish  tinged;  fruiting  calyx  about  I'X' 
long,  ovoid,  not  prominently  5-10-angled, 
sometimes  purple-veined  and  at  last  nearly 
filled  by  the  yellow  berry. 

In  rich  soil,  North  Camliiia  to  Illinnis.  tlic  Indian 
Territory,  Texas,  Ctnlral  Atui'rica,  Hra/il  and  llie 
Wist  Indies.     .Mso  in  India.    July  Sept. 


7.  Physalis  ixocarpa  Hrot.     Toinatillo. 
Mexican  Ground-Cherry.     Straw- 
berry Tomato.     (Fig.  3196.) 

/'/ifsa/is  iiiiciii/>ti   I!r(jl.;  Ilorneinan,  Ilort.  Ilafn. 

.Suppl.  2f<.      1S19. 
r.  iieijiiala  Jac(i.  f . ;  Nces,  I.iniiaLa,  6:  4711.      1S31. 

At  first  erect,  later  widely  spreading,  much 
branched;  stem  angled,  glabrous,  or  the  younger 
parts  sparingly  hairy;  leaves  from  cordate  to 
ovate,  with  a  cuncatc  base  which  is  somewhat 
oblique,  sinuately  dentate  or  entire,  I'-zJ'i' 
long;  peduncles  short,  i"-2|^"  long;  calyx 
sparingly  hairy,  its  lobes  short,  broadly  triangu- 
lar, shorter  than  the  tube;  corolla  bright  yellow 
with  purple  throat,  ^"-T"  (sometimes  nearly 
10")  in  diameter;  fruiting  calyx  round-ovoid, 
obscurely  lo-angled,  often  purple-veined,  at  last 
often  filled  by  the  purple  berry,  which  some- 
times bursts  it. 

Native  of  Mexico.     It  is  often  cultivated  for  its  fruit  and  frequently  escapes  from  cultivation. 

8.  Physalis  Philadelphica  Lam.    Philadelphia  Ground-Cherry.   (Fig.3197.) 

Physalis  IViiladelpliica  I.ani.  Uiicycl.  2:  101.     1786. 

Annual,  or  perennial  from  a  deep  rootstock,  tall, 
erect,  2>2°-5°  high;  stem  angled,  dichotomously 
branched,  glabrous,  or  sometimes  .slightly  pubes- 
cent with  sparse  and  short  hairs  on  the  upper  parts; 
blades  ovate  to  ovate-lam.'colate,  often  very  oblique 
at  the  base  and  more  or  less  acuminate,  entire  or 
repand-denticulate,  2j2'-4'  long,  on  petioles  ly'z'- 
2/-^'  long,  often  in  pairs;  peduncles  slender,  5"-io''' 
long,  generally  longer  than  the  flower;  calyx  gla- 
brous, or  minutely  ciliolate,  lobes  ovate-lanceolate 
or  triangular,  sometimes  broadly  ovate  and  un- 
equal, generally  equalling  the  tube;  corolla  yellow 
or  greenish  yellow  with  purplish  tliroat,  ,^.^'-i'in 
diameter;  anthers  tinged  with  purple;  fruiting 
calyx  at  first  somewhat  10  angled  and  sunken  at 
the  base,  at  last  often  filled  with  or  even  burst  by 
the  large  red  or  purple  berry. 

Rhode  Island  to  Georfjia,  Texas  and  Nebraska. 
July-Sept.     Formerly  cultivated  for  its  fruit. 


Vor,.  III.] 


POTATO   FAMILY. 


129 


9.    Physalis  longifdlia  Nutt.     Long-leaved  GrouiKl  Cherry.     (Fig.  3198 

JVivsiilh  loin^ifclia  Null.  Trims.  .\iii.  Pliil.  Sue.  (II.)  5: 

/'/ivsa/i\  Idiiifulii/,!  viir.  lacvigtUa  A.  Ciriiy,  I'roc.  .\m. 
Acad.  10:  (),S.      iS;4. 

IVrennial  from  a  thick  rootstock;  sti-iii  in  tlie 
coiiiiiion  form  stout  and  tall,  1 '.."  3''  lii^'li,  slijjliliy 
angled,  hraiiclied  above,  the  branches  strict,  j^la- 
brous.  Leaves  lanceohite,  oblaiiccolate,  or  linear, 
taporitiK  into  a  short  stout  petiole  5"-i()"  lonj;, 
subentire  or  repand;  peduncles  5"-io"  long,  in 
fruit  often  recurved;  calyx  generally  glabrous,  its 
lobes  triangular-lanceolate,  about  the  length  of  the 
tube;  corolla  6"-io"  in  diameter,  yellow  with  a 
dark,  commonly  brownish  center;  anthers  yellow, 
tinged  with  purple;  fruiting  calyx  ovoid,  about  i  '4 ' 
long,  not  sunken  at  tlie  bast-;  berry  yellow,  the 
lower  portion  and  the  stipe  glutinous. 

In  rich  soil,  Iowa  lo  Arkansas,  I'liili  and  Mexico. 
July-Sfpl. 

10.  Physalis  macrophysa  Rydb.    Lar^e- 
bladder  Ground-Cherry.     (Fig.  3199.) 

p.  )iiar>(t/>/nui  Kydbeiif,  Hull.  Torr.  Club,  22: 308.     1895. 

rerenriial;  root  somewhat  thick  and  fle.shy;  stem 
erect,  l.'z^-.i"  high,  comparatively  slender,  an.i,ded, 
perfectly  glabrous,  or  the  upper  parts  sparingly  pu- 
bescent with  very  short  hairs.  Leaves  large,  thin, 
i'.!'-3,'2'  long,  i'-2'  wide,  the  lower  obtuse,  the 
upper  acute  or  acuminate;  petioles  slender,  10"- 
2(i"  long;  peduncles  5"-.S"  long,  erect,  in  fruit  re- 
llexed;  calyx  smooth,  its  lobes  ovate-triangular  or 
broadly  lanceolate,  generally  a  little  shorter  than 
the  tube;  corolla  yellow  with  a  dark  center,  about 
10"  in  diameter;  anthers  generally  yellow,  some- 
times tinged  with  purple;  fruiting  c.ilyx  large, 
I'i'-iyi'  long,  I'-iV'  ill  diameter,  pyramidal  to 
ovoid-conic,  indistinctly  ro-angled,  deeply  sunken 
at  the  base;  berry  small,  in  the  center  of  the  calyx. 

In  rich  soil,  Texas  lo  Kansas  and  Arkansas.  May- 
July.     Rare. 

II.    Physalis  lanceolata  Michx.     Prairie  Ground-Cherry.     (Fig.  3200.) 

/'/nstu'is  /aiiceo/ci/u  Miclix.  I'l.  Hur.  Am.  1:  1(9.     1S.1;. 
Pliv^alis  Pcnii.'ivlz'aiiha  var.  htnceohila  A.  Gray,  Man. 
!•>!.  5,  ,^82.     1S67. 

I'erennial;  rootstock  apparently  as  a  rule  slender 
and  creeping;  stem  about  i'^"  high,  first  erect, 
later  .spreading  or  diiTuse,  only  slightly  angled, 
sparingly  hirsute  with  flat  hairs.  Leaves  broadly  ob- 
lanceolate  or  spatulate,  tapering  into  the  petiole, 
acute  or  obtuse,  '  early  always  entire,  rarely  wavy, 
but  never  siniiately  toothed,  thickish,  sparingly 
hairy  with  short  hairs;  peduncles  .s^'-io"  long,  in 
fruit  reflexed;  calyx  strigose  or  villous,  rarely  gla- 
brous, its  lobes  triangular-lanceolate;' corolla  dullish 
yellow  with  a  brownish  center,  about  8"  in  diam- 
eter; fruiting  calyx  round-ovoid,  not  sunken  at  the 
base,  indistinctly  lo-angled;  berry  yellow  or  green- 
ish yellow. 

On  dry  prairies,  common  west  of  the  Missouri  River, 
extending  eastward  lo  Illinois  and  the  Carolinas.  July- 
Sept. 

9 


: 


I30  S()i,.\naci:.m;. 

12.   Physalis  pumila  Nutt. 


[Vot,.  iir. 


I,o\v  Ground-Cherry.     (Fi^.  3201.) 

I'livuilis  fiiiniihi  Nutt.  Tniiis,  Am.  I'liil.  Soc.  i  11.  I  5: 

I'M.     \Xm. 
J'hv-itlh  liDhCKUila   var.   Iiiilit  .\.  diiiy,   I'roc.   .Am. 

.Aiiul.  10:  (.M.     IS-|. 

ri'H'iini:il  from  a  sloiuler  forjtstiK'k,  1  '..  V  liin'i; 
sttlii  <pl>«ui\'lyiiiinli'(l.  1,1'avi'stliick,  liroailly  ovale 
to  ol)lipii;.;,  Ri'uti' at  liolli  i'ikK  and  smni'wli.it  rlioni- 
l)oiil,  llie  lower  oftfii  olitii.se  and  oliovale,  gener- 
ally niueli  larger  tlian  in  tlie  j)reie(lin>{;  hlades 
a'-4'  loiif^,  entire  or  seliloni  sinuate,  on  jielioles 
10"- 15"  lotij^,  strijjose  with  niany-lirnnehed  hairs 
es]H'eialIy  on  the  lower  suil'aee;  pt"(lunrles  ,s"-iii" 
lotijj,  in  fr\iit  rellexed  and  I '2'- 2'  lonj,';  ealyx 
densely  hirsute,  not  stellatc-pnbesient,  its  lobes  tii- 
iinnul.ir,  generally  a  little  shorter  tlian  the  lulie; 
eoroUa  yellow  with  hrown  center,  S"  lo"  in  dinin- 
eter;  fruiting  i'nly.\  usually  more  elongated  than 
in  the  jireeediuj;,  1 'j'  2'  lonj.;,  ohlonj^  ovoid,  a 
little  sunken  at  the  base,  indistinitly  mangled. 

rl.iins,  Missouri  to  Colov.ulo  and  Texas.    July-Scpt. 


13.    Physalis  Virgini^na  Mill.     Virginia  Ground-Cherry. 


J'hvsalis  I'iiiiiiiiaiia  Mill.  Card   Diet,  i;<l.  .s,  no.  .|,     I7i>.s. 
/'Jiyui/is  /,tii,i'i</,i/,i  KcKin.  iV  Sell.  ,Syst.  Vt  tr.  4;  o;,?,  and 

.\nuricau  autlinrs  mainly.     Not  Miclix.  iso,^. 
JVivsiilis  i'linisylvaiiuii  A.  Cifay.  Man.  lid.  5,  ,('*J.      1H67. 

Not  I,.  I7,s,5.  ■ 

rerennial;  root.stock  thick  atul  sotncwhat  (lesliy; 
stem  l'2°-3°  high,  erect,  dicliotoinously  branched, 
somewhat  angular,  more  or  less  strigose-hairy  with 


flat  hairs,  sometimes  a  little  glandular,  or  in  some    4 
forms  nearly  glabrous.     Leaves  ovate-lanceolate,  tn-     j 


pering  to  both  ends,  i '2 '-2,' i' long,  generally  more 
or  less  sinuately  dentate,  often  yellowish  green;  pe- 
duncles -,"--10"  long,  generally  erect,  in  fruit  cmved 
but  .scarcely  rellexed;  calyx  strigose,  hirsute,  or  at 
lea.st  puberuleut,  its  lobes  triangular  or  broadly  lan- 
ceolate, nearly  eciualling  the  tube;  corolla  sulphur- 
yellow  with  purplish  spots,  -'  I'-i  '  in  diameter;  anthers 
yellow;  fruiting  calyx  pyramidal-ovoid,  s-angled, 
sunken  at  the  base;  berry  reddish. 

Kicli  soil,  especially  in  (jpen  places,  New  York  lO  Mani- 
toba, I'lorida  and  Louisiana.     July-.Sept.     Very  variable. 

Physalis  Virginiana  intermedia  Kydherg,  JK  m   Torr.  Club,  4:  ^115.      181/). 
Leaves  very  tliin  and  subinlin-,  gradually  t.iperinj;  into  wiuK'd  petioles;  ])ul)ts('ence  in  the 
young  plant  .■*omewli.it  viscid.     Perhaps  a  distinct  species.     Indiana  to  Al.ibama  and  Texas. 

Physalis  heteroph^lla  Xees.       Clammy  Ground-Cherry,     (Fig.  320;,.) 

IVivsalis  z'isio.sa  I'ursli,  I'l.  Am.  Sept.  157.      1S14.     Nut 

L.  175,^. 
Physalis  hi-leroftliyUa  Nees.  I.innaea,  6;  .)6v      i8,si. 
I'liYsalis  I'iixiiiiana  \.  t'.rav,  ,Svn.  I'l.  1:  I'art  i,  2 is. 

1878.     Not'Mill.  176.S. 

rerennial  from  a  slender  creeping  rootstock, 
1 1  jO-^o  tall,  at  first  erect,  later  generally  decumbent 
and  spreading,  viscid  and  glandular,  and  villous 
with  long  spreading  jointed  Hat  hairs;  leaves  large, 
blade  generally  over  2'  long,  usually  broadly  cordate, 
often  acute  but  very  rarely  with  an  acundnation, 
thick,  more  or  less  sinuately  toothed,  or  sometimes 
subentire;  calyx  long-villous,  lobes  triangular,  gen- 
erally shorter  than  the  tube;  corolla  8"-io"  in  diam- 
eter, greenish  yellow  with  a  brownish  or  purplish 
center;  anthers  mostly  yellow;  berry  yellow. 

In  rich  soil,  e.-^pecially  where  the  surface  has  been 
disturbed,  New  Brunswick  to  Saskatchewan,  Florida, 
Colorado  iiiul  Texas.  The  most  common  of  our  species, 
and  extremely  variable,  perhaps  includes  several  dis- 
tinct species. 


Vol..  III.] 


I'OTATO    lAMII.Y. 


»3« 


Phyialii  heterophylla  ambigua  i  A.  Cray  i  Kyillxiij:.  Mi'in.  Tun.  Clul),  4:  ,U'<      >S96. 
/V/|va//t  r/».i,'"""' viir.  ii«//i/V'((i  .\.  Cray,  Vuiv.   \m.   \oiil    10; 'p.s.      iH;). 
/'/iisa/is  riiirifiiiiiiii  v.ir.  <i»i/>i,i;iiii  \.  Criiy,  .Syii.  I'l.  ]   I'atl  1,  .'(v      1X7S. 
y'Al  \it/i\  iiiiihii;iiii  llrilliiii,  Mtin.  Turr.  Cluti,  5;  JS;.      iHi)^. 

Tall  .111(1  Ki'tiirally  uprinlit.  vrry  loiiK  villoiit,  ncaricly  at  nil  viscid,  flowcfH  cnmmunly  larKi'r; 
atitlic  rt  moHlly  piirpli.ili.    \'i'riiii>til  to  Idwn  nixl  TcnneMiic-c. 

Phydalia  heterophylla  nycta^inea  1  Diinnli  '.-(ytllurK;  CIiiipiii  111,  IM.  S.  Stalls,  I'M.  ,?,  ,v'|.     i.****;. 
,"liy\iilh  iif'u-ii'ii  Ti)rr.  I'M.  N   \  M.  r.  S.  2,(,v      isj).      Not  Mitli.x.  iSo.j. 
/'/ij.uilix  M ir/i/.c'"''"  "mini  iti  I>C.  I'milr.  13:  I'art  i,  440.     iSja, 

I.eavfs  UHimlly  ilark  (frecn  and  <if  a  firm  ttxtiirr,  more  or  Ic«s  aiuiniiiali'  at  llir  apt'x.  ofli'ti  -iiil) 
eiUirt',  and  inilKsctiit  mainly  on  tlu'  VLlnsof  tilt-  lower  Hurfnci-.    Kliode  Island  to  Iowaa:id  I.onisiana. 

Physalis  Peruviana  I,..  .1  nati\i-  of  Soulli  Aniirica,  is  lulliv.itid  fur  its  fruit  in  -11  warm  and 
lilli])!  iat(  ri'Kions,  and  olttii  tsiapis  It  rist  iiililis  /'.  /ir/rin/i/iil/ii,  Imt  dilltrs  in  tlif  U  avis,  which 
liavi' II  lonif  <li«tinct  aciitninalion,  ,ind  in  the  imln  sci  nic,  which  is  sliorti  r,  denser,  and  not  at  .ill 
viscid.  Known  «h  Cape  Cooscberiy,  Strawhcrry  Tomato,  I'eriivian  tjround  Cherry  and  Husk 
Tiiinato. 


i 


Physalis  i  >.  Akta  Ryilberg.     Hillside  Groimd-Cherry.     (I-'ig.  3204.) 


i'ln null's  toiiKiIti   Kydherif.   Hull.  Torr.  Clul>,  22:  306. 

IS.  15. 

I'eronnial,  erect,  about  i 'j°  hi).;'';  pubescence 
fine  and  short,  that  on  the  calyx,  peduncles  and 
uppi  r  brandies  tnixeil  with  Imi^  white  Hat  jointed 
hairs.  Like  P.  hctciophylla  Nees  ( /'.  I  'irxi>iitiii,i 
(iray,  not  Mill.  1,  but  leaves  snialler,  blade  tiot  over 
2'  I'liij;,  round-ovate,  scarcely  at  all  cordate  at  tlie 
base,  about  2'  lonjj,  thin,  somewhat  repand-dentate, 
or  nearly  entire;  jietioles  as  lotij,'  as  the  leaves; 
peduncles  as  hiu^  as  the  fruititi).;  calyx,  or  longer; 
corolla  ;,'reeiiish  yellow,  with  brown  center,  6"-ln" 
in  diameter;  fruitinj^  calyx  of  thin  texture,  round- 
ovoid,  somewhat  lo-anj^led,  .scarcely  sunken  at  the 
ba.se. 

Hillsides  of  Nebraska,  Kansas,  Colorado  and  Texas, 
Rare. 


in  the 


16.    Physalis  rotundata  Kydberg.       Ri)tind-leavcd  Grotmd-Chfrry, 

(Fig.  3205.) 


IVtVialh   hciiciaefi'lia   Hol/.iiiKcr,  Cunt.   I'.  S.  Nat. 
Heib.  I:  212.       1892.     Not  Cray. 

Phvsalis   lolinnlala  Kvdberp,  Mem.  Torr.  Club.  4: 
,iS2.       I«q6. 

DilTu.se  niid  spreading,  zigzag,  generally  dicho- 
toniou.sly  much  branched,  from  a  perennial 
rootstock,  densely  and  finely  viscid-pubescent, 
usually  more  glandular  than  the  preceding. 
I,enves  nearly  orbicular  with  more  or  less  cordate 
base,  I'-l-'i'  in  diameter,  with  small  teeth;  peti- 
oles short,  more  or  less  winged;  peduncles  short, 
in  fruit  scarcely  more  than  half  the  length  of  the 
calyx;  corolla  8"  in  diameter,  greenish  yellow 
with  a  brownish  center;  fruiting  calyx  ovoid, 
slightly  angled,  scarcely  sunken  at  the  base. 

Dry  plains.  South  Dakota  to  Texas  and  New  Mex- 
ico.   July-Sept. 


132 


SOLANACKAi:. 


[Vol,.  III. 


17.  Physalis  viscdsa  I.,.     Stellate  Groniul- 
Cherry.     (Fig.  3206.) 

Physnlis  t'isiosa  I,.  Si>.  I'l.  18,5.      175.?. 

Pliyiiilis'J'eniisyli'anica  I,.  Sp.  PI.  VA.  2,  1670.      \'(\\. 

rerciiii'al  from  a  sleiukT  cifopinj;  lootstock ;  stilus 
sleiuk-r,  croepiiif;,  with  a  ileiise  ashy  stellate  jnilies- 
ceiu'e,  or  in  age  rarely  glahrate.  Leaves  elliptie, 
oval  or  ovate,  obtuse,  thiiiish,  entire  or  undulate, 
in  the  typical  South  American  form  often  cordate  at 
the  base,  but  rarely  so  in  our  plant;  peduncles  ,'i'- 
1 '  long;  calyx  stellate-pubescent,  its  lobes  triangular, 
generally  shorter  than  the  tube;  corolla  greenish  yel- 
low with  a  darker  center,  S"-io'''  in  diameter;  fruit- 
ing lalyx  io"-l5"  long,  round-ovoid,  scarcely 
sunken  iit  the  base;  berry  orange  or  yellow. 

On  sea  beaches,  or  in  sand  near  tlic  coast.  VirKinia 
(?l;  North  Carolina  to  the  .\rnentitU'  Kepublic. 

Physalis  Alkekengi  I,.,  Strawberry  Tomato,  Winter  Clierry.  is  a  nati-  r  of  luirope  ami  Asia,  ofti  11 
cultivated  for  its  fruit  ami  someliiius  eseaptd  from  euUivaliun.  Tlie  llowi  is  are  whilisli,  limt) 
more  distinctly  ,^  lobed;  leaves  broadly  deltoid,  acute  at  both  emis,  lepand  or  aiiKuUUely  tootlud, 

3.    QUINCULA  Raf.  All.  Joiirn.  1^5.       1832. 

.\  low  and  diffuse  somewhat  .scurfy  herb,  with  a  stout  perennial  root.  Leaves  from  sinu- 
ate to  pinnatifid,  somewhat  fleshy,  reduncles  most  commoidy  in  jjairs  from  the  axils  .)f  the 
leaves,  sometimes  solitary,  or  in  fascicles  of  3-5.  Calyx  campaindatc,  ,s-toolhed,  in  fr\iil  in- 
flated, sharply  ,s-angular  and  reticulate,  enclosing  tae  fruit,  the  lobes  connivent.  Ci>rolla 
flat-rotate,  pentagonal  in  tnitline,  vein}-,  violet  or  purplish.  .Vnthers  opening  by  a  longitud- 
inal slit.  Seeds  comparatively  few,  kidney-shaped,  somewhat  flattened,  with  thick  margins, 
rugose-tuberculale.     [Name  unexjilained.] 

.\  monotypic  kcuus  of  central  North  .\mcrica. 

I.  Quincula  lobata  (^Torr.)  Raf.     Piirple- 
flowercd  Cirotiiid-Chcrry.    (Fig.  3207.) 

Pliynilis  /dlhita  Torr.  .\nii.  I.yc.  N.  V.  2.  220.      1S27. 
Qliiiuula  loha/a  Raf,  .Ml.  Journ,  i.|,s.      iSj2. 

I'erennial,  low,  spreading  or  prostrate,  more  or 
less  scurfy  pubendcnt;  stem  obtusely  angled  and 
striate,  much  branched.  Leaves  oblanceolate  or 
spalidate  to  oblon.g,  sinuately  toothed,  ur  pinnatitid 
w  ith  rounded  lobes,  or  rarely  subcntire,  cuneate  at 
the  base,  thickish  and  veiny,  tapering  into  margin- 
ed petioles;  peduncles  i'-2'  long,  in  fruit  rellexed; 
calyx-lobes  triangular,  acute,  sho't,;- than  the  tube; 
corolla  purplish,  i(i"-i5"  in  <liameter;  anthers  yel- 
low, tinged  with  purple;  fruiting  calyx  about  as 
wide  as  long,  sharply  5-aiigled,  sunken  at  the  base. 

On  IiIkIi  pi. Otis.  Kansas  to  California  ami  Mexico. 
May  Sept. 

4.    LEUCOPHYSALIS  Rydbcrg,  Mem.  Torr.  Club,  4:  365.       1S96. 

.\  tall  erect  viscid  and  villous  annual,  with  entire  leaves,  the  blade  decnrrent  on  the 
petiole.  Peduncles  generally  in  fa.seides  of  2-4  in  the  axils.  Calyx  campamdale,  ,S-lobed, 
at  first  a  little  inflated,  but  soon  filled  by  and  closely  fitted  to  the  berry,  thin,  neither  an- 
gled nor  ribbed,  faintly  veiny,  open  at  the  mouth,  the  lobes  exceeding  the  fruit.  Corolla 
rotate,  white,  sometimes  tinged  with  purple  and  generally  creamy  or  yellow  in  the  center, 
the  limb  plicate.  Stamens  in.serted  near  the  base  of  the  corolla;  lilaments  long  anil  slender; 
anthers  oblong,  opening  by  a  longitudinal  slit.  Style  and  stigma  as  in  IViysalis.  Seeds  kid- 
ney-shaped, flattened,  punctate.     [Greek,  white  /'/nsa/is.] 

A  uionotypie  Kemis  of  northern  North  America. 


Vol..  III.] 


TdTATO   I'AMILV. 


^i3 


I.    Leucophysalis  grandiflora  ( IIoDk.")  Rydhjip.     Large  White  flowered 
Orouiul-Cherry.      (  Kig.  320S.) 

P/nsalis  i^ran</(/fi>i,t  Hook.  I'l.  Hor.  .\m.  2: 

00.      iS.U- 
/.,iiii</>lnsii/is  xKi >"/(// '"'ii   Ryilbrrj;,  SIi  111. 

Ton.  Clul),  4-  .',('6.      i8ii<i. 

Krect,  tall,  i,'."  3°  liigli;  stem  soiiie- 
wliat  angled,  .>;triate,  more  or  k'S.s  villou.s. 
Leaves  large,  .4'  S'  loiij;,  ovate  to  lanceo- 
late-ovate, ^'ciierally  acute  aiitl  entire, 
sonicNvliat  ilecurretit  on  the  petiole,  more 
or  les.s  villous  and  viscid,  especially  on  the 
veil's  of  the  lower  surface;  peduncles  sev- 
eral from  each  nxil,  short,  '-:i '-':,'  long, 
villous;  calvx  villous;  lohes  lanceolate, 
eciualliuj;  tl\e  tuhe;  corolla  lar};e,  I '4 '- 
I,'.'  in  diameter,  rotate,  white  with  a 
more  or  less  j-ellowi.sh  center;  filaments 
slender;  anthers  short,  yel'ow,  often 
tinged  with  purple;  fruitini;  calvx  ovoid, 
early  tilled  l>y  the  l)erry. 

I.ake  Clriinplaiu  ami  tin-  St.  I.awnncc  val- 
ley to  Saskatciiewaii  and  Miniu^ota;  accord- 
ing; lo  tirav,  "  spritiKinR  up  in  new  clearinKS. " 
May  July! 

5.    CHAMAESARACHA  A.  Gray,  Bot.  Cal.  i:  540.       1S76. 

IVrenniaLs,  with  entire  to  piniintilid  leaves,  tlie  l)lade  decurrent  on  the  petiole.  I'edun- 
eles  solitary,  or  in  fascicles  of  2-|  in  the  axils.  Calyx  campannlate,  5  lohed,  in  fruit  some- 
what enlarged,  hnt  not  l)l.iddery-inllateil,  close-litling  to  the  berry,  thin,  not  anj^led  nor 
ribbed,  and  faintly  if  at  all  veiny,  open  at  the  mouth,  not  exceedinj.;  the  berry.  Corolla 
rotate,  white  or  creani-colored,  often  tinged  with  i)urple,  the  limb  plicate.  Stamens  inserted 
near  the  base  of  the  corolla;  lilaments  long  and  slender;  anthers  ohloiijj,  opening  by  lonji;itn- 
diiial  slits;  style  and  .stigma  as  in  /'/nsii/is.  Seeds  kidney -shaped,  (lalteiied,  rugose-favose 
or  punctate.  [Ciround-.Vi;; Ji//./,  tlie  latter  a  ^enus  namecl  in  honor  of  Isidore  .Saracha,  a 
Spanish  Itenedictine  hot;inist.] 

An  Aniericaii  Renus,  consisting  of  half  a  dozen  species,  natives  of  Jle.xico  and  the  sontlnvest 
em  I'nited  Stales. 

l'ul)cscence  dense,  puherulent  and  l.irsute.  i.   C.  rix/Zo/'i/cv. 

I'utiescenee  sparse,  pnlicrnleut  or  stellate,  hirsute  ( if  at  all )  only  on  the  calyx.       2.  C.  diroiio/tiis. 


I.  Chamaesaracha  conioides  (  Moricatul) 
Hriltoii.    Hairy  Chainae.saraeha.   (I'ig.  3201;.) 


Dunal  in  DC.  I'rodr.  13:  I'art 


"^  .  '  y/     Si>l(iiiin/i  ii>iii(ii<ti-s  "Mor'ic. 
'  ^  •  I.  <'(.     1S52. 

C/iiiiiiiit:<iii,n/iit  soidiitii  \,  dray,  Hot.  Cal.  i:  ,S4o.      \'^-(i. 
Chaiiiiifsai iicIki  coiiiiUiles  Ilritton,  Mem.  Torr.  Club,  5: 
28;.      1805. 

Mudi  branched  from  a  perennial  base,  .at  lirst  up- 
right, at  lenjjth  spreading,  cinereous-pnbernkMit  with 
slnnt  branched  somewhat  glutinous  or  viscid  hairs, 
generally  also  viscidl y  hirsute  or  villous  with  long  ami 
branched  hairs,  especially  on  the  calyx;  leaves  ob- 
lanceolate  to  obovate-rhombic,  usually  acutish  and 
tapering  into  a  sliort  petiole,  generally  deeply  lobed, 
but  varying  from  subentire  to  pinnatilid;  calyx  lobes 
triangular,  generally  acutish;  corolla  about  'i'  in 
diameter,  white  or  (ichroleucous,  or  sometimes  violet- 
purplish;  berry  2'i"-4"  in  diameter. 

In  dry  clayey  .soil,  sontliern  Kniisas  to  California  aiul 
Mexico.     May-Sept. 


Ill  IIIIII  JIIIIII^^ 


SOLANACEAE. 


tVor..  III. 


2.   Chamaesaracha  Coronopus 

(Dunal)  A.  Gray.     Sinoothish  Chamae- 
saracha.    (Kig.  3210.) 

Solaiium  Cdionopiis  Duii.il  in  DC.  I'rodr.  13:  Part 

1,64.      TS52. 
C.  Coionopii.\  A.  Cray,  Hot.  Cal.  i:  540.      1876. 

Hraiiched  and  diffuse  from  a  perennial  base; 
stem  obtusely  angled ;  pubescence  on  the  stem 
and  leaves  more  or  less  roughisli  pruinose  or 
stellate,  often  scarcelj'  any;  on  the  calyx  stellate 
or  sometimes  hirsute.  Leaves  linear  or  lanceo- 
late, tapering  at  the  base,  more  or  less  sinuately 
lobed,  occasionally  subentire,  sometimes  pin- 
nalifid;  calyx-lobes  triangular,  acute;  corolla 
white  or  ochroleucons,  the  appendages  of  the 
tliroat  often  protuberant;  berry  2y2"-.\"  in 
diameter,  nearly  white. 

Ill  clayey  soil,  Kansas  to  Utah,  Califjrnia  micl 
Mexico.     Variable.     May -Sept. 

6.    SOLAN UM  L.  Sp.  PI.  1S4.       1753. 

Herbs  or  shrubs,  often  stellate-pubescent,  sometimes  climbing.  l''lo\vers  cvmose,  uinbel- 
liform,  paniculate,  or  racemose,  white,  blue,  purple,  or  yellow.  Calyx  campanulate  or  rotate, 
mostly  5-toothed  or  5-cleft.  Corolla  rotate,  the  limb  plaited,  5-angled  or  5-lobed,  the  tube 
very  short.  vStamens  in.serted  on  the  throat  of  the  corolla;  fdaments  short;  anthers  lintiror 
oblong,  acute  or  acuminate,  connate  or  connivent  into  a  cone,  the  cells  dehiscent  by  a  term- 
inal pore,  or  sometimes  by  a  short  introrse  terminal  slit,  0/  .sometimes  also  longituilinally. 
Ovary  usually  2-celled;  stigma  small.  lierry  mostly  globose,  the  calyx  either  persistent  at 
its  base  or  enclo.sing  it.     [Name,  according  to  Wettstein,  from  solaiinn,  (juietuig.] 

.About  c)oo  species,  of  wide  ReoKrapliic  distribution,  most  abundant  in  tropical  .\nierica.  liesides 
the  following,  some  1,5  others  occur  in  the  soulliern  and  western  liiiled  Slates. 

-X-   Glabrous  or  pubescent  herbs,  not  p-ickly. 
Plants  green;  pubescence  simple,  or  sonic  of  it  .stellate;  flowers  white. 

Leaves  repand  nr  entire;  ripe  berries  black. 

Leaves  deeply  pinnalifid;  rijie  berries  Kreen. 
Plant  silvery  stellate-canescent;  flowers  violet. 


S.  iiii,^)  h:ii. 
S.  /i  i/fonim. 


•X   -X-   Stellate-pubescent  and  prickly  herbs. 
Berry  not  enclosed  by  the  calyx;  perennials. 

Hirsute;  leaves  ovate  or  oblong,  sinuate  or  pinnatifid. 

Densely  silvcry-canesccnt;  leaves  linear  or  oblong,  repand  or  entire. 

Pubescent ;  leaves  ovate,  ,s-7-lobed. 
Berry  invested  by  the  spiny  calyx;  ainuials. 

Plant  densely  stellale-puhescenl;  corolla  yellow. 

Plant  glandular-pubescent,  with  few  stellate  hairs;  corolla  violet. 

-X-   -X-   ^   Climbing  vine,  not  prickly;  leaves  hastate  or  3-lobed 

I.  Solanum  nigrum  1,.     Black  or  Garden 
Nightshade.     Morel.     (Fig.  321 1.) 

Sohiiium  nigrum  L.  Sp,  PI.  i86.      175.V 

Annual,  glabrous,  or  somewhat  pubescent  with 
simple  hairs,  green;  stem  erect,  branched,  i°-a^^'' 
high.  Leaves  ovate,  petioled,  more  or  less  inequi- 
lateral, l'-3'long,  entire,  undulate,  or  dentate,  thin, 
acute,  acuminate  or  acutish  at  the  apex,  narrowed 
or  rounded  at  the  base;  peduncles  lateral,  unibel- 
lately  3-10-flowered,  >2'-i>i' long;  pedicels  j"-;" 
long;  flowers  white,  4"-5"  broad;  calyx-lobes  ob- 
long, obtuse,  spreading,  nnich  shorter  than  the 
corolla,  persistent  at  the  base  of  the  berry;  fdaments 
somewhat  pubescent;  anthers  obtuse;  berries  black 
when  ripe,  smooth  and  glabrous,  globo.se,  4"-5"  in 
diameter,  on  nodding  peduncles. 

In  w.aste  places,  commonly  in  cultiv.ated  soil,  Nova 
Scotia  to  the  Northwest  Territory,  south  to  p"loridaand 
Texas.  Widely  distributed  in  nearly  all  countries  as  a 
weed.     Called  also  Duscle,  Houiid's-berry.    July-Oct. 


3.  S.  Ctiro/iiinisg. 

4.  .V.  claeugiii/olhiin. 

5.  6'.  Titrieyi. 

6.  .9.  roslraliim. 

7.  .S".  helciihloxum. 

8.  .S.  Diihamara. 


Vol.  III.] 


POTATO   FAMILY. 


2.    Solanum  triflorum  Nutt.     Cut- 
leaved  Nightshade.     (Fig.  3212.) 

Solanum  liifloriim  Nult.  Cieii,  i:  128.      i-viS. 

.Viimial,  sparingly  pubescent  witli  simple  hair.s, 

or  glabrous;  stem  branched,  1°-,?°  Iiigli.     Leaves 

pinuatifid,  or  some   of   them   pinnatelj'    lobcd, 

acute  at  the  apex,  petioled,  2'-4'  long,  the  lobes 

triangular-lanceolate,  acute  or  obtuse,  entire  or 

dentate,  the  sinuses  rounded;  peduncles  lateral, 

i-i-flowered,  Yz'-i'  long;  pedicels  2>"-l"  l""g. 

refle.ved    in   fruit;    calyx-segments    lanceolate, 

shorter  than  the  corolla,  persistent  at  the  base  of 

the  berry;  corolla  white,  .\"-},"  broad;  anthers 

obtuse;    berries  green   when   mature,   globose, 

smooth  and  glabrous,  about  5"  in  diameter. 

On  prairies  and  in  waste  places,  western  Ontario 
to  tlie  Xorlhwesl  Territory,  smith  to  Nebraska  and 
Arizona.     Slay-Oct. 


Solanum  Carolinense  !.,. 


4.   Solanum  elaeagnifolium  Cav. 
Silver-leaved  Nightshade,     (Fig.  3214.) 

•V.  clacas;nifolium  Cav.  Icon.  3:  22.   pi.  2f}.     1704. 

rereniiial,  densely  and  finely  stellate-pubes- 
cent, silvery-canescent  all  over;  stem  branched, 
i°-3°  high,  armed  with  very  slender  sharp  prick- 
les, or  these  wanting.  Leaves  lanceolate,  ob- 
long, or  linear,  petioled,  I '-4'  long,  3"-!  2" 
wide,  mostly  obtuse  at  the  apex,  narrowed  or 
rounded  at  the  base,  repand-dentate  or  entire; 
flowers  cymose,  S"-i2"  broad,  violet  or  blue; 
peduncles  short  and  stout,  appearing  terminal, 
but  soon  evidently  lateral;  calyx-lobes  lanceo- 
late or  linear-lanceolate,  acute;  anthers  linear; 
ovary  white- tonienlose;  berries  globose,  yellow 
or  darker,  smooth  and  glabrous,  4"-6"  in  diam- 
eter. 

On  dry  plains  and  prairies,  Kansas  to  Texas  and 
Arizona.    May-Sept. 


Honse-Nettle.     (Fig.  3213.) 
Solanum  Carolinense  h.  Sp.  PI.  184.      1753. 

Perennial,  green,  finely  stellate-pubescent 
with  4-8-rayed  hairs;  stem  erect,  branched, 
i°-.(°  high,  the  branches,  petioles,  mid  veins 
and  sometimes  the  lateral  veins  of  the  leaves 
armed  with  straight  subulate  yellow  prickles. 
Leaves  oblong  or  ovate,  repand,  lobed,  or  pin- 
uatifid, 2'-6'  long,  the  lobes  obtuse  or  acutish; 
petioles  3"-io"  long;  flowers  cymose-race- 
mose,  appearing  terminal,  but  really  lateral, 
as  is  manifest  in  fruit;  pedicels  i"-~"  long, 
recurved  in  fruit;  calyx-lobes  lanceolate, 
acuminate,  about  one-half  the  length  of  the 
corolla,  persistent  at  the  base  of  the  berry; 
corolla-lobes  ovate-lanceolate,  acute;  anthers 
elongated;  berries  orange- yellow,  smooth  and 
glabrous,  8"- 10"  in  diameter. 

Ill  dry  fields  and  in  waste  places,  soiitliern  On- 
tario to  Connecticut  and  Ploridi,  west  to  Illinois, 
Nebraska  and  Texas.  Called  also  .\pple  of 
Sodom.     JIay-.Sept. 

1. 


SOLAXACKAi;. 


[Vol..  III. 


5.    Solanum  Torreyi  A.  Gray. 

Torrey's  Nightshade.     (Fig.  .1215.) 

S.  'I'oneyi  A.  Gray,  Troc.  Am.  Acad.  6:  H.      i,S(i2. 

reremiial,  hoary  with  a  steUalf  put)escence  of 
S-i2-raye<l  hairs,  more  or  less  armed  with  small 
subulate  priikles.  Leaves  ovate  in  outline,  3'- 
6'  lonj;,  sinuJitely  s-'-lobed,  the  lobes  entire  or 
undulate,  obtuse;  cymes  appearing  terminal, 
soon  evidently  lateral,  branched,  loosely  several- 
flowered;  flowers  showy,  larj.;e;  caly.x-lobes 
ovate,  abruptly  long-acuminate,  persistent  at  the 
base  of  the  berry;  corolla  violet,  I'-l'j' broad, 
its  lobes  ovale,  acute;  berry  globose,  .smooth  and 
glabroiis,  i'  or  more  in  diameter,  yellow  when 
ripe. 

On  dry  plains  and  prairies,  Kansas  lo  'i'cjas. 

6.    Solanum  rostratum  Dunal. 

Sand  Bur.    Beaked  Nightshade. 

(Fig.  :,2i6.) 

Solanum  loslraliim  Dunal,  Sol.  23}.  pi.  J).    1813. 
Solanum  tieleiandntm  I'ursh,  l-'l.  Am.  Sept.  156. 

pi.  7.      1S14. 

Annual,  densely  stellate-pubescent  with 
5-8-rayed  hairs,  usually  copiously  armed  with 
yellow  subulate  prickles;  stem  erect,  branch- 
ed, l°-2}i°  high.  Leaves  ovate  or  oval  in 
outline,  irregularly  pinnately  5-7-lobed  or 
l-2-pinnatifid,  2'-=,'  long,  pelioled,  the  lobes 
mostly  oblong,  obtuse;  flowers  racemose, 
yellow,  about  i'  broad;  racemes  lateral;  pedi- 
cels stout,  3"-6"  long,  erect  both  in  flower 
and  fruit;  calyx  densely  prickh-,  surround- 
ing and  wholly  enclosing  the  berry,  the 
prickles  becoming  as  long  as  the  fruit,  or 
longer;  calyx-lobes  lanceolate,  acuminate; 
corolla  about  i'  broad,  .slightly  irregular,  its  lobes  ovate,  acute;  stamens  and  style  de- 
clined, the  lowest  .stamen  longer  with  an  incurved  beak;  fruit,  including  its  prickles,  i'  in 
diameter  or  more. 

On  prairies,  Xtbraska  to  Texas  and  Me.\ico.     ( )ccasional  in  waste  places  as  a  weed,  Ontario  to  New 
Jersey,  advenlive  from  the  west.    5Iay-Sept.    The  original  food  of  the  Colorado  beetle  or  potatobuK- 

7.    Solanum  heterodoxum  Dunal. 
Melon-leaved  Nightshad.e.     (Fig.  3217.) 


Solanum  liflrioilotinn  Dunal.  Sol.  235.  />/.  Ji. 
.Solanum  Li/iulli/hliniii  liraun,  Iiid.  Sem.  I'ril). 


1S13. 


*    ^3^1%^ 


Annual,  glandular-pubescent,  or  a  few  4-,5-rayed 
hairs  on  the  leaves,  copiously  armed  with  slender 
yelhjw  subulate  prickles,  diffusely  branched,  l°-3° 
high.  Leaves  irregularly  bipinnatifid,  resembling 
in  outline  those  of  the  watermelon,  2'-6'  long; 
racemes  lateral,  several-flowered;  flowers  I'-iyi' 
broad,  violet;  stamens  and  style  declined;  lowest 
anther  violet,  larger  than  the  four  other  yellow- 
ones;  corolla  somewhat  irregular,  its  lobes  ovate, 
acuminate;  fruit  similar  to  that  of  the  preceding 
•Species. 

In  dry  soil,  Kansas  (according  to  Smyth),  to  Texas, 
Mexico  and  New  Mexico.    July-Sept. 


Vol..  III.] 


POTATO  FAMILY. 


137 


8.   Solanum  Dulcamara  L,.      Nightshade.     Blue  Bindweed.     Fellomvort. 

Bittersweet.     (Fig.  3218.) 

Sulaniiin  Dulcamara  I,.  ,Sp.  PI.  185.      175,^. 

rerennial,  pubescent  with  simple  hairs  or  gla- 
brate,  stem  chmbiiig  or  straggHng,  somewhat 
woody  below,  branched,  2°-S°  long.  IrCaves 
petioled,  ovate  or  hastate  in  outline,  l'-\'  long, 
I'-a'j'  wide,  acute  or  acuminate  at  the  apex, 
usually  slightly  cordate  at  the  base,  some  of 
them  entire,  some  with  a  lobe  on  one  side  near 
the  base,  some  deeply  3-lobed  or  3-divided,  with 
the  terminal  segment  mucli  the  largest;  cymes 
compound,  lateral;  pedicels  slender,  articulated 
at  the  base,  spreading  or  drooping;  flowers  blue, 
purple,  or  white,  5"-7"  broad;  calyx-lobes sliort, 
oblong,  obtuse,  persistent  at  the  base  of  the 
berry;  corolla  deeply  5-cleft,  its  lobes  triangular- 
lanceolate,  acuminate;  berry  oval  or  globose,  red. 

In  waste  pl.iccs  or  in  nioisl  tliickcts,  sometimes 
apiK-ariuKas  if  indiKLiioiis.  New  Hruiiswick  to  Jlin- 
nesota,  south  to  Nuw  Jersey.  Peinisylvania  and 
Kansas.  llay-Scpl.  ( tUl  names  are  Woody  Nitfht- 
sliade.  Poison  (lower.  Poison-  or  .Siiakelierry.  Nat- 
uralized from  IJurope.     Native  also  of  Asia. 

Solanum  triquetrum  Cav..  a  Texan  and  Mexican  nearly  (jiabrous  lierb,  scarcely  climbingf,  with 
somewhat  ridged  .stems,  3-lobed  deltoid  cordate  or  hast.ate  leaves,  lateral  few-flowered  cymes  and 
globose  red  berries,  is  reportid  from  Kansas. 

7.   LYCOPERSICON  Mill.  Card.  Diet.  Ed.  7.      1759. 

.Annual,  or  rarely  perennial,  coarse  branching  or  feebly  climbing  herbs,  with  i-2-pinnately 
divided  leaves,  and  lateral  irregular  raceme-like  cymes  of  small  yellowish  flowers  opposite 
the  leaves.  Calyx  5-parled,  or  rarely  6-parted,  the  segments  linear  or  lanceolate.  Corolla 
rotate,  the  tube  very  short,  the  limb  ,s-cleft  or  rarely  6-cleft,  plicate.  Stamens  5  1  rarely  6), 
inserted  on  the  throat  of  the  corolla;  lilaments  very  short;  anthers  elongated,  connate  or 
connivent,  introrsely  longitudinally  dehiscent.  Ovary  2-3-celletl;  .style  simple;  stigma  small, 
capitate,  lierry  in  the  wild  plants  globose  or  pyriform,  much  modified  in  cultivation,  the  calyx 
persistent  at  its  base.  [( '.reek, wolf-peach.] 
About  4  species,  natives  of  South  .Vnurica' 

1.    Lycopersicon    Lycopersicon 

(L,.  )Kar.st.  Tomato.  Love  Apple. 
Cherry  Tomato.     (Fig.  3219. ) 

Solatium  Lvcopei sicuiit  I,.  Sp.  PI.  1S5.  17=;?. 
/,.  esculenliim  Mill.  Card.  Diet.  Ivd.  8.  176.S. 
Lycof>ersuum  Lycopeisicum  Karst.  Deutsch. 

V\.  <.)bC>.      1S80-8J. 

Viscid-pubescent,  much  branched,  i°- 
3°  high,  the  branches  spreading.  Leaves 
petioled,  pinnately  divided,  6'-lS'  long, 
the  segments  stalked,  the  larger  7-9,  ovate 
or  ovate-lanceolate,  mostly  acute,  dentate, 
lobed  or  again  divided,  2'-\'  long,  with 
several  or  numerous  smaller,  sometimes 
very  small  ones  interspersed;  clusters  sev- 
eral-fl<.)wered;  peduncles  i'-3'  long;  flow- 
ers S^'-S"  bro.-id;  calyx-segment?i  about 
equalling  the  corolla;  berry  the  well- 
known  tomato  or  love-apple. 

Ivseaped  from  cultivation  and  occ.isionally 
.spontaneous  from  soulliern  New  York  and 
Pennsylvania  southward.     June-Sept. 

8.   LYCIUM  L.  Sp.  PI.  191.      1753. 

Shrubs,  or  woody  vines,  often  spiny,  with  small  alternate  entire  leaves,  commonly  with 
smaller  ones  fascicled  in  their  axils,  and  white  greenish  or  purple,  axillary  or  terminal,  soli- 


'il^ 


138 


SOLANACKAE. 


[Vol..  III. 


tary  or  clustered  flowers.  Calyx  caiupanulate,  ^-s-lobed  or  -toothed,  not  enlarged  in  fruit, 
persistent  at  the  base  of  the  berry.  Corolla  fiinnelforni,  salverforni,  or  canipanulate,  the  tube 
short  or  slender,  the  limb  5-lobed  (rarely  4-lobe(l),  the  lobes  obtuse.  Stamens  5  (  rarely  4), 
exserted,  or  included;  filaments  filiform,  sometimes  dilated  at  the  base;  anther  sacs  longi- 
tudinally dehiscent.  Ovary  2-celled;  style  filiform;  stigma  capitate  or  a-lobed.  Berry  glo- 
bose, ovoid,  or  oblong.     [Named  from  the  country  Lycia.] 

.■\bout  ",s  sj)fcies,  widely  distributed  in  temperate  aiul  warm  regions.     Besides  the  following, 
introduced  from  Kurope,  some  17  native  species  occur  in  tlie  western  parts  of  North  .Vmerica. 

I.  Lycium  vulgare  (Ait.  f. )  Duiial.   Matrimony  Vii       Box-thorn.  (Fig.  3220.) 

Lvchini  llarhanim  var.  Z'u!i;aie  .\it.  f.  Ilort.  Kew.  Ud. 
2,  2:  3.      iSir. 

Lycium  vuli^ai      'anal  in  DC.  I'rodr.  13:  Part  i,  509.    1S52. 

Glabrous,  .spiny  or  unarmed;  stems  slender,  climb- 
ing or  trailing,  branched,  6°-25°  long,  the  branches 
somewhat  angled,  the  .spines,  when  present,  slender, 
about  yi'  long.  Leaves  lanceolate,  oblong,  or  spatu- 
late,  acute  or  obtuse  at  the  apex,  narrowed  into  .short 
petioles,  firm,  li'-iYi'  long,  2"-^,"  wide;  flowers 
2-5  together  in  the  axils,  or  solitary;  peduncles  fdi- 
form,  .spreading,  6"-l2"  long;  calyx-lobes  ovate, 
acute,  or  obtuse,  I  ]i"  long;  corolla  funnelform,  pur- 
plish changing  to  greenish,  4"-6"  broad,  its  lobes 
ovate-oldong;  stamens  slightlj*  exserted;  berry  oval, 
orange-red. 

In  thickets  and  waste  places,  cscape<l  from  Katdens, 
Ontario  to  Virginia,  west  to  Minmsota  and  Kansas. 
Introduced  from  lUirope.     May-.\ug. 


9.  HYOSCYAMUS  L.  Sp.  PI.  179.  175,^  . 
ICrect  coarse  viscid-pnbescent  narcotic  annual  biennial  or  perennial  herbs,  with  alternate 
mostly  lobed  or  pinnatilid  leaves,  and  large  nearly  regular  flowers,  the  lower  .solitary  in  the 
axils,  the  upper  in  a  more  or  less  l-sided  spike  or  raceme.  Calj-x  urn-shaped  or  narrowly 
canipanulate,  5-cleft,  striate,  enlarged  and  enclosing  the  capsule  in  fruit.  Corolla  funnel- 
form,  the  lind}  somewhat  oblique,  5-cleft,  the  lobes  more  or  less  niie(|nal,  spreading.  Stamens 
declined,  mo.stly  exserted;  filaments  fdiform;  anthers  oblong  or  ovate,  their  .sacs  longitudi- 
nally dehiscent.  Ovary  2-celled;  style  slender;  stigtna  capitate.  Capsule  2-celled,  circuni- 
seissile  above  the  middle,     [(ireek,  hog-bean.] 

About  1,5  species,  natives  of  the  Mediter- 
ranean region. 


I.    Hyoscyamus  niger  \^.      Black 

Henbane.        Hog's-bean. 

(Fig.  3221.) 

Hyoscyamus  iiiger  I„  Sp.  I'l.  179.     1753. 

Annual  or  biennial,  villous  and  viscid, 
of  an  ill  odor;  stem  stout,  i°-2,'2'°  high. 
Leaves  ovate,  lanceolate,  or  oblong  in  out- 
line, 3'-7'  long,  acute  or  acuminate  at  the 
apex,  sessile,  or  the  upper  clasping  the 
stem,  irregularly  lobed,  cleft  or  pinnatilid; 
flowers  very  short-pedicelled,  i'-2'  broad; 
calyx-lobes  triangular-ovate,  acute;  corolla 
greenish-yellow,  strongly  reticulated  with 
purple  veins,  its  lobes  ovate,  obtusish; 
capsule  globose-oblong,  about  5"  high. 

In  wa,ste  places.  Nova  Scotia  to  Ontario, 
New  York  and  Michigan.  Naturalized  fnjin 
Europe.  Called  also  Fetid  Nightshade,  lu- 
sane-root,  Belene,  Chenile.    June-Sept. 


iir. 


Vol,.  III.] 


POTATO  FAMILY. 


'39 


10.    DATURA  h.  Sp.  PI.  179. 


I753. 

Annnal  or  perennial  erect  tall  bram-liiiij,'  ii.ircotic  herbs,  some  tropical  species  .shrubs  or 
trees,  with  alternate  petioleil  entire  sinuate-dentate  or  lobeil  leaves,  and  larjje  s:)litary  erect 
short-iieduncled  white  purple  or  violet  flowers.  Calyx  elongated-tubular  or  prismatic,  its 
apex  .s-deft  or  spatlie-like,  in  tlie  following  species  circuinscissle  near  the  base  which  is  per- 
.sistent  and  subtends  the  ^jlolKwe  cvoid  prickly  capsule.  Corolla  futinelform,  the  limb 
plaited,  .s-lobed,  the  lobes  broad,  .icnniinate.  Stanicfis  iTuluded  or  little  exserteil;  fdanients 
fdiform,  very  Iouk,  inserted  at  or  below  tlie  midille  of  the  corolla-tube.  Ovarv  2-celled,  or 
falsely  .(-celled;  style  filiform;  stigma  slightly  2-lobed.  Capsule  4-valved  fron'i  the  top,  or 
bursting  irregularly.     [Tlie  Hindoo  name,  dhatura.] 

About  12  species,  of  widt  KeoKrapliic  distribution.     The  followin),^  art-  introduced  weeds. 
Glabrous  or  very  sparingly  pulicsccnt;  leaves  lobrd,  calyx  prismatic. 

.Stfin  Krecii;  flowers  white:  lower  prickles  of  the  fruit  shorter.  i.  /).  Shamniihim. 

Stem  ))urplf;  flowers  lavender  or  violet;  prickks  about  e(|ual.  2    /)    '/'alula 

Finely  If hnulular-pubcscent;  leaves  entire;  calyx  tubular.  •;.  1).  Mclcl. 

I.    Datura  Stramonium  L.     Stramonium.     Jame.stown  or  Jimsoti-weed. 
Thorn- Apple.     (Fig.  3222.) 

Ihjiiira  SI  ra  mo  II  ill  III  I,.  Sp.  PI.  179.      175^ 

Annual,  glabrous  or  the  young  parts  spar- 
ingly pubescent;  stem  green,  stout,  I°-5° 
high.  Leaves  thin,  ovale  in  outline,  acute 
or  acuminate  at  the  apex,  mostly  narrowed 
at  the  base,  ;/-S'  long,  irregularly  sinuate- 
lobed,  the  lobes  acute;  petioles  i'-4'  long; 
flowers  white,  about  4'  high,  the  limb  iK'- 
2'  broad;  calyx  prismatic,  less  than  one-half 
the  length  of  the  corolla;  capsule  ovoid, 
densely  prickly,  about  2'  high,  the  lower 
prickles  commonly  sliorter  than  the  upper. 

In  fields  and  waste  places,  Nova  Scotia  to 
Florida,  west  to  Minnesota  and  Texas.  Natur- 
alized from  tropical  reRions,  iimbably  from 
Asia.  June-.Sept.  Called  also  Fire-weed,  and 
IJewtry. 


2.  Datura  Tatula  L.    Purple  Thorn- 
Apple.     Purple  Stramonium. 

(Fig.  3223.) 

Ihiltira  Taliila  I,.  Sp.  PI.  VA.  2,  256.      1762. 

Similar  to  the  preceding  species  but  us- 
ually a  little  more  pubescent;  stem  com- 
monly more  .slender,  i°-5°  high,  purple; 
leaves  almo.st  like  those  of /-).  Slraiiioniiiiu, 
but  rather  darker  green  or  with  a  tinge  of 
purple;  flowers  about  4'  high,  the  limb 
about  2'  broad,  lavender  colored  or  viokt,  or 
the  tube  nearly  white;  capsule  densely 
prickly,  all  the  longer  prickles  about  equal. 

In  fields  and  waste  places,  Ontario  to  Min- 
nesota, south  to  southern  New  York,  Florida 
and  Texas.  Naturalized  from  tropical  America. 
May-Sept. 


mm 

■I  . 


SOLANACI'AK.  [Vol.  III. 

-^V^  3.   Datura  Metel  I,.      Ijitire-leaved 

(^'■'        \.  Thorn-Apple.     (Kig.  3224.) 


V 


naliira  Melel  I,.  Sp.  V\.  179.      17.S.V 

Annual,  densely  niul  finely  },'lan(lular-pu- 
best-ent;  stem  stout,  much  branclied,  4°-.S'' 
liij,'li.  Leaves  broadly  ovate,  acute  at  tlie 
apex,  ine<iuilateral,  roumled  or  subcordale  at 
the  base,  4'-io'  lonfj,  entire  or  merely  undu- 
late; petioles  l'-,^'  lon^;  flowers  wliite,  6'-7' 
hij;h,  the  liml)  3'  4'  liroad;  calyx  tulndar, 
about  one-half  as  long  as  the  corolla;  capsule 
Hlobose  or  ovoid-globose,  obtuse,  prickly  and 
pubescent,  I'-l^i'  in  diameter. 


Ii\  waste  places,  escaped  from  Kardcns,  Rhode 
Island  to  I'lorida.  Native  uf  troi)ical  America. 
July  Sept. 


II.   NICOTIANA  L.  Sp.  PI.  iSo. 


'/Jo- 


Annual  or  perennial  viscid-pubescent  acrid  narcotic  herbs  or  shrubs,  with  large  alternate 
entire  or  slightly  undulate  leaves,  and  rather  large  white  yellow  greenish  or  purplish  flowers, 
in  terminal,  often  bracted,  racemes  or  panicles.  Calyx  tubular-campanulate  or  ovoid,  5-cleft. 
Corolla  funnelform,  salverfonn,  or  nearly  tubular,  the  tube  usually  longer  than  the  limb, 
5-lobed,  the  lobes  spreading.  Stamens  5,  inserted  on  the  tube  of  the  corolla;  fdaments  fili- 
form; anthers  ovate  or  oblong,  their  sacs  longitudinally  dehiscent.  Ovary  2  celled  (rarely  4- 
celled);  style  .slender;  .stigma  capitate.  Capsule  2-valved,  or  sometimes  4-valved  at  the  sum- 
mit. Seeds  very  numerous,  small.  [Named  for  John  Nicot,  French  ambassador  to  Portugal, 
vho  sent  some  species  to  Catherine  de  ^ledici,  about  1560.] 


.\bout  50  species,  mostly  natives  of  America. 
the  southern  and  western  I'tiiled  States. 


Besides  the  following,  some  10  others  occur  in 


Corolla  i'  long:,  the  tube  cylindric;  caly.x  lobes  triaiiRular. 
Corolla  4' -6'  long,  the  tube  very  slender;  calyx-lohes  linear. 


I.   Nicotiana  rustica  I,.     Wild 
Tobacco.     (Fig.  3225.) 

Nicotiana  luslica  L.  Sp.  I'l.  iSo.      1753, 

Annual;  stem  rather  .slender,  2°-4°  high. 
Leaves  broadly  ovate,  thin,  entire,  slen- 
der-petioled,  2'-8'  long,  i'-6'  wide;  peti- 
oles ^i'syi'  long;  flowers  greenish-yel- 
low, about  1'  long,  panicled;  petlicels 
3"-6'"  long,  rather  stout;  calyx  lobes 
broadly  triangular,  acute,  shorter  than 
the  tube;  corolla-tube  cylindric,  some- 
what enlarged  above,  the  lobes  short,  ob- 
tuse, slightly  spreading;  capsule  globose, 
glabrous,  about  5"  in  diameter,  2-valved, 
longer  than  the  calyx. 

In  fields  and  waste  places,  escaped  from 
gardens,Untarioto  Minnesota,  south  to  south- 
em  New  York  and  Florida.  Cultivated  by 
the  Indians.  Leaves  greenish  when  dry. 
June-Sept. 


A'. 

.y. 


nislica. 
longijlora. 


! 


Vol.  hi.] 


POTATO   FAMILY. 


141 


}V 


3.    Nicotiana  longifldra  Cav.     Long- flowered  Tol)acco.     (Fig.  3226.) 

A'ki'/idiia  /('iigij/ora  Cav.  Dtscr.  I'l.  ii  6.      i8o2. 

Annual,  minutely  rougli-puberulent  and  viscid; 
stem  erect,  slender,  branched,  i}4°-^°  liigh.  Hasal 
leaves  ovate-lanceolate  (or  broadly  oblanceolate),  ob- 
tuse, f)'-i()'  long,  I'-y  wide,  tapering  into  slender 
winged  petioles;  stem  leaves  linear  or  lanceolate,  ses- 
sile, 2'-4'  long;  flowers  in  terminal  racemes,  short-pedi- 
celled,  4'-6'  long;  calyx  oblong,  pubescent,  its  narrow- 
lobes  nearly  as  long  as  the  tube;  corolla  white  or  pur- 
plish, viscid,  the  tube  slender,  i"-i^'i"  in  diameter, 
expanding  above,  the  lobes  ovate-lanceolate,  acute; 
capsule  oblong,  about  ei|ualling  the  calyx-lobej. 

Near  Harrisburtf  and  l^aston,  I'a.  Hscaped  from  gar- 
dens.    Native  (if  SduiIi  AiuiTica.     Aug.-(»ct. 

12.    PETUNIA  Jiiss.  Ann.  Miis.  Paris,  2: 
215.   />/.  77.       180.V 

X'iscid-pubescent  annual  or  perennial  brandling 
herbs,  with  entire  leaves,  and  axillary  ortermiual  soli- 
tary white  violet  or  purple  flowers  (in  cultivation  sometimes  variegated  1.  Calyx  deeply 
5-cleft  or  5  parted,  the  segments  narrow.  Corolla  funnelform  or  salverform,  the  limb 
plicate,  spreading,  slightly  irregular.  .Stamens  5,  inserted  on  the  throat  of  the  corolla,  4  of 
them  didynamous,  perfect,  the  fifth  smaller  or  obsolete;  filaments  slender;  anthers  ovoid,  2- 
lobed.  Disk  fleshy.  Ovary  2-celled;  ovules  numerous  in  each  cavity;  style  filiform;  stigma 
2-laniellate.  Capsule  2-celled,  2-valved,  the  valves  entire.  Seeds  small,  the  testa  rugose. 
[Pftiiii,  an  Indian  name  of  tobacco.] 

About  12  siiecies,  natives  of  South  America. 
Corolla  white,  its  tube  eylindric.  i.  /'.  aril/aris. 

Corolla  violet-purple,  its  tube  campanulatc.  2.  /'.  violacea. 

1.   Petunia  axillaris  (Lam.)  B.S. P.     White  Petunia.     (Fig.  3227.) 

.Vito/iaiia  ax  illai  is  Lam.  Kncycl.  4:  4811.      1797. 
Pelunia  nyclaniniflora  Juss.  Ann.  Mus.  Paris,  2:  215.   pi. 

17.  f.  J.      1S03. 
I'clunia  axillaris  li.S.P.  Prel.  Cat.  N.  Y.  38.      1888, 

Very  viscid;  stem  stout,  about  1°  high.  Leaves  ovate 
toobovate,  obtuse  or  blunt- pointed  at  the  apex,  sessile, 
or  the  lower  narrowed  into  short  margined  petioles,  3'- 
4' long,  I '-2'  wide;  peduncles  slender,  2'-4'long,  often 
longer  than  the  leaves;  calyx-segments  linear-oblong, 
obtuse;  corolla  white,  its  tube  eylindric,  slightly  en- 
larged above,  l'-l|4'  long,  3-4  times  as  long  as  the 
calyx,  its  limb  abruptly  spreading,  about  2'  broad,  the 
lobes  rounded. 

In  waste  places,  escaped  from  gardens,  southern  New 
York  and  Pennsylvania.  Native  of  southern  Brazil.  July- 
•Sept. 


2.   Petunia  violacea  Lindl.     Violet 
Petunia.     (Fig.  .^228.) 

Petunia  violacea  I.indl.  Dot.  Reg.  pi.  1626.  1833. 
Similar  to  the  preceding  species,  but  usually 
rather  lower,  and  the  stem  slender.  Leaves 
ovate  orobovate,  all  but  the  uppermo.stpetioled, 
mostly  obtuse,  i'-2'2'  long;  peduncles  slender, 
l'-2'  long;  calyx-segments  linear,  subacute,  or 
obtuse;  corolla  violet-purple,  its  tube  campanu- 
late,  9"-i5"  long,  the  limb  le.ss  abruptly  .spread- 


ing, I'-iyi'  broad,  the  lobes  subacute. 

In  waste  places,  escaped  from  gardens,  southern 
New  York  and  Pennsylvania.  Native  of  southern 
Bra;2il  and  Paraguay,     June-Sept. 

Petunia  parviflora  Juss.,  a  prostrate  pubescent  an- 
nual, with  small  linear  to  spatulate  leaves,  and  a 
funneU'orm  corolla  4"-5"  long,  is  abundant  on  bal- 
last about  the  eastern  seaports. 


Ma 

Family  27. 


SCROrilUI.ARIACHAK. 


[Vot.  III. 

1826. 


2.    i'f  HI  fill  hi  I  ill. 


J'laliiii'i'lfs, 

I.!  Hill  ill. 

Aiilii  liiiiiinii. 


SCROPHULARIACEAE  I.iiull.  Nat.  Syst.  lul.  2,  288 

I'li'.WdKT   I'AMll.V. 

Herbs,  shrubs  or  trees,  with  opposite  or  alternate  cxslipulate  leaves,  and 
perfect  mostly  complete  and  irregular  flowers  (corolla  wanting  in  one  species  of 
Svnt/iyris).  Calyx  inferior,  persistent,  4-5-toothed,  -cleft,  or  -divided,  or  some- 
times split  on  tile  lower  side,  or  on  botli  sides,  the  lobes  or  segments  valvate, 
imbricate  or  distinct  in  the  bud.  Corolla  ganiopetalous,  the  limb  2-lipped,  or 
nearly  regular.  Stamens  2,  4  or  5,  didynanious,  or  nearly  ecjual,  inserted  on  the 
corolla  and  alternate  with  its  lobes;  anthers  2-celled,  the  sacs  equal,  or  unequal, 
or  sometimes  conllnent  into  one.  Disk  present  or  obsolete.  Pistil  i,  entire  or 
2-lobed;  ovary  superior,  2-celled,  or  rarely  i-celled;  ovules  mostly  numerous, 
rarely  few,  anatropous  or  amphitropous,  borne  on  axile  placentae;  .style  slender, 
.simple;  stigma  entire,  2-h)bed  or  2-lamellate.  Fruit  mostly  capsular  and  sepli- 
cidally  or  loculicidally  dehiscent.  Seeds  mostly  numerous,  the  testa  reticulated, 
pitted,  striate,  ribl)etl,  or  nearly  smooth;  endosperm  fleshy;  embryo  small, 
straight  or  sligiitly  cur\ed;  cotyledotis  little  broader  than  the  radicle. 

About  Kii  ijeiicra  iincl  230 )  spi'cifs,  widely  (listril>iitc(l,  most  alxiiuliint  in  ttinpfriite  letfioiis. 
I.  Anther-bearing  st.tmens  5 ;  corolla  rotate ;  leaves  alternate.  i.   I'eiluisciim. 

3.  Anther-bearing  stamens  2  or  4 ;  leaves  opposite,  verticillate  or  alternate. 

-::-  Corolla  spurred,  saccate  or  gibbous  on  the  lower  side  at  the  base. 
Corolla  spurred  at  the  base. 

I.cave.s  ))aluialily  ,^-5  viiiicd. 
Leaves  pitinately  veined. 

Flnwers  solitary  in  the  .ixils.  t,. 

Flowers  in  terminal  racemes.  .\. 

Corolla  saccate  or  gibbous  at  tin-  base.  5 

V:    X-   Corolla  neither  spurred,  saccate  nor  gibbous  on  the  lower  side. 
t  Aniliii  hiariiii;  slaiiii'iis  /,  llie  fi/lli  sleiilc  or  >  iiiiiiiwiilniv. 

Sterile  .stamen  a  seale  adnate  to  the  nppi  r  side  of  the  corolla.  G.  Scroftlnilaria. 

Sterile  stamen  elongated,  longer  or  shorter  the  than  others. 
Corolla  tubular,  2  lii)ped,  the  lobes  of  the  lower  lip  flat. 

Sterile  stamen  shorter  than  the  others;  seeds  wiuRed,  7.   Cheloiie. 

Sterile  stamen  about  equalling  the  others;  seeds  wingless.  S.  Peiilslemon. 

Corolla  2-cleft,  declined;  middle  lobe  of  the  lower  lip  conduplieate.  9.  Collinsia. 

I  t  Slaniens  ./,  all  aiillierbcarinff,  or  j  slerilr,  in-  j  oiilv. 

a.  .Stamens  4,  all  anther  bearing;  large  .\siatie  tree.       10.  Paiilouiiia. 
b.  .''>tamens4,  all  anther-bearing;  herbs;  corollas  lii)ped;  st.imens  not  enclosed  in  upper  lip  of  corolla 
C.aly.x  prismatic,  5  angled.  5  toothed.  11.  Miniuliis. 

Calyx  5  patted,  not  prismatic. 

Calyx-segments  t(|ual;  leaves  pinnatifid  in  our  species.  !_>.   Coiiobea. 

Calyx  segments  unecjual,  the  upper  one  the  largest.  \\.  JfunHieia. 

C.  .Stamens  4,  2  anther  bearing  and  2  sterile,  or  2  only;  corolla  obviously  2  li)>ped. 
Calyx  ,5  parted;  uppir  lip  of  corolla  present. 

Sterile  fdanients  short  or  none.  14. 

.Sterile  filaments  slender,  2  lobed.  i.S. 

Calyx  4-tootlied;  upper  lip  of  corolla  obsolete;  low  mud  plant.  H). 

d.  Stamens  4,  all  anther- bearing;  corolla  nearly  regular;  flowers  on  ;  capes.    17. 

e.  Stamens  2  only;  corolla  rotate,  salverform,  tubular,  or  none. 

Leaves  alternate;  (lowers  spicate;  corolla  2- y lobed  or  none.  iS.    H'til/enia 

Leaves,  at  least  the  lower,  opposite  or  verticillate;  corolla  4-lobed. 

Corolla  rotate;  capsule  obcordale  or  cniarginate,  compressed.  ig. 

Corolla  tubular  funnelform;  capsule  ovoid,  not  compressed.  20. 

f.  Stamens  4,  all  anther-bearing;  corolla  canipanul.ite,  salverform  or  funnelform,  scarcely  2-lipped. 
Leaves  alternate;  flowers  in  1  sided  racemes.  21.  /'i_i;i/ii/is. 

Leaves,  at  least  the  lower,  opposite. 

Corolla  salverform;  (lowers  in  a  long  spike.  22.  Ilitchnera. 

Corolla  campanulate  or  funnelform. 

Stamens  nearly  etpi.-il;  calyx-lobes  as  long  as  the  tube.  2.?.  Af:elia. 

Stamens  strongly  didynanious,  nne(|ual;  caly.x-teetli  shorter  than  the  tui)e. 

Anthers  awned  .It  the  b.i.se ;  corolla  yellow.  24.  Dasysloiiia. 

Anthers  awnless;  corolla  purple,  |>ink  or  rarely  white.  25.  Ocnirdia. 

g.  .Stamens  4,  all  anther-bearing,  ascending  under  the  upper  lip  of  the  corolla. 
Ovules  several  or  numenms;  capsule  many-.seeded. 

Anther-sacs  dissimilar,  the  inner  one  pendulous  by  its  ap.x;  leaves  mostly  alternate. 
I'pper  lip  of  the  corolla  much  longer  than  the  lower.  26.   Castilleja. 

Upper  lip  of  the  corolla  scarcely  longer  than  the  lower.  27.   Ortliocarftiis. 

Anther-sacs  similar  and  pa    diel;  leaves  mostly  opposite. 

Calyx  2-bracteolate  at     "  base,  5-tootlied.  2S.  Schualbca. 

Calyx  not  bracteolate,  .  -,-,-tootlied,  or  cleft  or  split. 

Upper  lip  of  the  corolla  2-lobed,  its  margins  recurved;  calyx  4-cleft.  29.  Euphrasia. 
Margins  of  the  upper  lip  of  the  corolla  not  recurved. 

Calyx  scarcely  or  not  .it  all  inflated  in  fruit;  galea  entire. 
Calyx  4-toothed  or  4-cleft;  capsule  straight. 

Seeds  spreading,  numerous.  30.  Barlsia. 


Graliola. 

Ilvsaiillirs. 

Mil  riiiillumiiHi. 

LimoscUa. 


Veronica. 
I.epiandra. 


Vot.  III.] 


riGWORT   FAMILY. 


«43 


Seeds  pendiiluuN,  few. 
Calyx  split  mi  the  lower  side  oi  on  both  sidi  s;  capsule  (il)li(|iu 
Calyx  <ivoi(l,  imieh  inllated  and  veiny  in  frnil. 
Ovttles  only  l  or  2  in  each  cell  of  the  ovary;  capsule  i-  (  seeiled;  leaves  opposite. 


31.  Oiioiililes. 

.   (2.    I'lUlli  Uhll  if. 

,!,!■   h'hiiiitiillius. 
,V|.  Aftiiini/iji  urn. 


X.   VERBASCUM  L.  Sp.  PI.  177.      1753. 

nietiiiial  or  rarely  perennial,  tnn.slly  tall  and  erect  herbs,  with  alternntc  dentate  j)innnti- 
fid  or  entire  leaves,  anil  rather  lar^e  yellow  iniri)le  red  or  white  flowers,  in  terminal  spikes, 
racemes  or  panicles.  Calyx  deeply  s-cleft  or  .s- parted.  Corolla  flat-rotate  or  slightly  con- 
cave, .s-lohed,  the  lobes  a  little  uiiccjual,  the  upjier  exterior,  at  least  in  the  bud,  Statiiens  5, 
inserte<l  on  the  base  of  the  corolla,  une(|unl,  all  anther-bearing;  fdanients  of  the  .^  upper 
stamens,  or  of  all  5,  pilose;  anther-.sacs  confluent  into  one.  Ovules  numerous;  style  dilated 
and  flattened  at  the  summit.  Capside  globose  to  oblong,  septicidally  2-valved,  many-seeded, 
the  valves  usually  j-cleft  at  the  apex.  Seeds  rugose,  not  winged.  [The  Latin  name  of  the 
great  mulleii;  used  by  I'litiy.] 

.\liout  125  spicies,  natives  uf  the  did  World.     liesides  the  following,  another  is  naturalized  in 
the  western  I'liited  States. 
Plants  densely  woolly;  flowers  in  dense  ti  rtninal  spikes,  or  spike  like  racemes. 

Leaves  stroiiKly  decurreiit  on  the  stem.  i. 

Leaves  not  decurrent,  or  but  slightly  so.  2. 

Leaves  whiletotnetitose  litneath;  lloweis  in  larjje  terminal  panicles,  3. 

riant  glabrous  or  .si)arinKl)  glandular;  (lowers  racemose.  .). 


'fliaftiiis. 
ftlilnDiiiules. 
/.li/iiii/is. 
liliillaiia. 


I.  Verbascum  Thapsus  Iv.  Great  Mullen.  Velvet  or  Mullen  Dock.  (Fig.  3229.) 

I'eibasnim  'J'liiif>SH^  L.  Sp.  I'l.  177,      17,^3. 

Ivrect,  stout,  simple  or  with  .some  erect 
branches,  densely  woolly  nil  over  with  branched 
hairs;  stem  2 '--"  high,  wing-angled  by  the  bases 
of  tlie  decurrent  leaves.  Leaves  oblong,  thick, 
acute,  narrowed  at  the  base,  dentate  or  den- 
ticulate, .j'- 12'  long,  the  basal  ones  borne  on  mar- 
gined petioles;  flowers  yellow,  iS"  12"  broad, 
sessile,  numerous  in  dense  clongatetl  spikes 
rarely  branched  above:  stamens  uucijual,  the 
three  upper  shorter  with  while  hairy  lilaments 
and  short  anthers,  the  two  lower  glabrous  or 
nearly  so  with  larger  anthers;  capside  alxuit  3" 
high,  slightly  longer  than  the  woolly  calyx. 

In  fields  and  w.-isle  places.  Nova  .Scotia  to  Minne- 
sota, I'Moridaand  Kans.is.  Often  a  troublesome  weed. 
Naturalized  from  ICurope.  N.itive  also  of  Asia. 
Anuing  some  |o  Lnijlish  names  are  Hedge  ,  Hig  or 
High  taper,  Candlewick,  Cow's  Lungwort,  .Aaron's- 
rod  or  -llannel,  l'"eltwort.  Hare'sbiard,  Jacob's-, 
Jupiter's- or  Peter's  stalT,  Ice  leaf.  Torches,  I'lannel- 
or  Ulanket  leaf,  Woolen,  /.  c,  -Mullen.    June  Sept. 


2.   Verbascum  phlomoides  L. 

Clasping-leaved  Mullen.  (Fig.  3?30.') 

I'ethascHiii  f>hlomoulfs  I,.  Sp.  PI.  i  lo.(.  1733. 
Stem  rather  .stout,  usually  simple,  i''-4° 
high.  Leaves  oblong  to  ovate-lanceolate, 
crenate,  crenulate,  or  entire,  woolly-tomeii- 
tose  on  both  sides,  ses.sile  or  .somewluit 
("laspitig,  or  slightly  decurrent  on  the  stem, 
or  the  lower  often  petioled  with  truncate 
or  subcordate  bases;  flowers  yellow,  or 
cream-color,  i'  broad  or  more,  usually  in  a 
solitary  elongated  touientose  spike-like  ra- 
ceme; pedicels  clustered,  shorter  than  the 
calyx;  stamens  as  in  I'.  'J'/utpsiis ;  capsule 


4"-5''  long.exceeding  the  tomentose  calyx. 

Kastern  Massachusetts.    Adventive  or  fugi- 
tive from  Kurope  or  eastern  Asia.    June-Aug. 


SCROl'MULARIACKAIC. 


[Vol,  III. 


3.    Vcrbascum  Lychnitis  L.      White 
Mullen.     (Imk.  .i,2T,i. ) 

I'lihituiim  l.Mhiiilis  I,,  Sp.  ri,  \--.      X'SS- 

Slcin  aiij^lcil,  nitluT  stout,  piiiiii'uliiti'ly  hraiK-licd 

ulxivf,  2"-4!i"  liiKli,  ili'iist'ly  i-ovrrcd,  as   well   as 

the  lower  surliui'sof  tin-  li'avi's,  witli  a  wliiti' caiii's- 

,    rent   nearly   sti-llato   pulifsi'ciuo.     I.cavi's  ohloii^', 

;/  ovati-  or   ol)loi)({-laiu'i-olate,  I'ri-nati'-di'iitatc,  a'  7' 

/  loll),',  tlic  iippi-r  ai'iiti',  si'ssilf,  l)ut  not  ilciiirrfiil  011 

y  till-  stem,  the  lower  ohtuse  or  ai'ute  at  tlie  apex  ami 

'   iinrrowcii  intoliiarf,'iiK'(l  ])etioli's;  flowers  in  a  larv;^ 

tcrtninal  panicle,  raeetnosu  on  its  brandies,  white 

or  iTcani-color,  5"  6"  hroad,  nearly  sessile;  pilose 

hairs  of    the   .^   shorter   fdatncnts   while;    capsule 

about  -'"  hixh,  eijualliuK  or  exctedinj;  the  calyx. 

Ill  fulds  aiul  wiisli-  places,  ( (iitarii)  U>  New  Jersey  and 
rciiiisylvaiiia.  Kepc)rle<l  rrcnii  Katisiis.  Nalurali/id 
fiiitii  I'liiropc.  Native  alsci  of  A-ia.  Juiu  Sept.  II.h 
down  once  used  for  liglitinif,  hence  /.u/nii/is,  lamp. 


4.   Verbascum  Blatt^ria  I«.     Muth 
Mullen.     (FiR.  .^2;,2.) 

I'ciliiiuiiiii  i:ltillan\i  I,.  ,Sp.  I'l.  178.      I7,si. 

Stem  erect,  .strict,  sleiuler,  terete,  jjlahrous  or 
sparinj^ly  gland'.ilar-puhescent,  usually  (|uite  sim- 
ple, 2"  6°  hi)»h.  Leaves  oblong;,  ovate  or  lan- 
ceolate, dentate,  laciniate,  or  pimiatilid,  acute  or 
acuminate,  the  upper  'j'-2j4'  h>"Ki  truncate  or 
cordateclaspinj;  at  the  ba.se,  the  lower  and  basal 
ones  sessile  or  somewhat  petioled,  soinetitnes  i" 
long,  seldom  present  at  flowering  time;  raceme 
I°-2°  long,  loose;  pedicels  spreading,  }i'-\'  long, 
bracted  at  llie  base;  corolla  yellow  or  white,  about 
l'  broad,  with  brown  marks  on  the  back;  fdanient.s 
all  jjilose  with  violet  hairs;  'lapsule  <le])re.ssed-glo- 
bose,  y  in  diameter,  longer  than  the  calyx. 

In  fields  anil  waste  places,  nuthee  to  I'lorida,  west 
to  Minnesota  and  Kansas.  Natural'/cd  from  lC\iriipu. 
Native  also  of  Asia.  June-Nov.  Said  to  repel  the 
cockroach  illlalla),  wluiice  the  name  lllnlliti  ia  .•  frequented  by  moths,  hence  Moth  Mullen. 


2.    CYMBALARIA  Medic.  Phil.  Bot.  2: 


70. 


1791. 


Perennial  creeping  or  .spreading  herbs,  with  long-petioled,  mostly  lobed,  palmately  veined 
leaves,  and  solitary  a.xillary  white  to  violet  llowers.  Calyx  5-parted.  Corolla  irregular,  2- 
lippeil,  short-spurred;  upper  lip  2-lobed,  lower  lip  ;,-lobed;  throat  nearly  or  cpiite  closed  by 
the  palate.  Stamens  4,  didynamous,  ascending,  included,  the  filaments  lilil'orni.  Style  very 
slender.  Capsule  dehiscent  by  2  terminal  3-tootlied  pores.  Seeds  numerous,  small,  [h'rom 
the  dreek  for  cymbal.] 

About  9  species,  natives  of  the  Old  World. 

I.    Cymbalaria  Cymbalaria  (L.)  Wettst. 
Kenihvorth  or  Coli.seuni  Ivy.     (Fig.  2,"v^3.) 

Aiilii  rliiiniiii  Cymhala)  ia  I,.  Sp.  I'l.  (112.      I7,S.V 

Liiiai  ia  Cymbalaria  Mill.  Card.  Did.  i;d.  S,  no.  17.     1768. 

cymbalaria  Cymbalaria  Wettst.  in  ICngl.  ft:  I'rantl.  Nat. 

I'd.  I'am.  4:'Abt.  3b,  5S.      1S91. 

I'erennial,  glabrous;  .stem  trailing,  branched,  often 
rooting  at  the  nodes,  3'  12'  long.  ],eavesslender-peti- 
oled,  reniforui-orbicular,  palmately  ,3-5-veiiicd,  3-5- 
lobed,  ,'4'-!''  in  diameter,  the  lobes  broad  and  obtuse; 
petioles  usually  as  long  as  the  blade;  flowers  axillary, 
solitary,  blue  or  lilac,  4"-=,"  long;  peduncles  slender, 
recurved,  shorter  than  the  petioles;  calyx-segments 
lanceolate,  acute;  palate  yellowish;  capsule  globose, 
several-seeded;  seeds  rugose,  wingless. 

Waste  places  and  roadsides,  adventive  from  Uurope,New 
York,  New  Jersey  and  Pennsylvania,  .and  in  seaport  ballast. 
Other  Rnglish  names  are  Ivy-leaved  Toadflax,  Ivy-weed, 
Climbing  or  Roving  Sailor,  .\aron's-beard,  Wandering  Jew, 
Mother-of-tljousands,Oxford-weed,  Pennywort.  June-Aug. 


Vol..  III.] 


I'lOWORT    I'AMIIA', 


'45 


1708. 
.  Nat. 


3.    ELATINOIDES  \\\n>u  in  I'li^l.  .V  I'rantl,  \at.   I'll.  F.im.  4:  Aht.  p,h, 

.SH.        iSyi. 
I  I'li.xTiNi',  Mopiu'll,  Mi'tli.  SJ).     i;i)).     N'"t  '.•  '"r^l 

Mi)stly  aiiiiiial  sprciiiliii^;  or  I'mpiiiiL;  licrli>-,  willi  pimialely  vuiticil,  .sliort-pfliok'il  ciilire 
toolhi'il  or  lolifd  leaves,  and  solitary  axillary  while  yellow  or  viifienated  (lowirn.  Calyx 
.S-partccl.  Corolla  irregular,  spurred,  ^dipped,  llie  throat  i  losed  hy  the  p.il.ite.  Stniiiciis  .(, 
didynaiiiotH,  incduled;  tilaineiitH  liliforin.  Capsule  siih^loliosr,  or  ov<iiil.  opvtiin^  l>y  i  or  2 
tfriniiial  hlits,  pores,  or  valves.  .Seeds  mmierous,  ovoid,  mostly  roiijjh  or  tubenled.  [Creek, 
resemliliiin  /■'Jiiliin\'\ 

Almiit  JS  spi  Ties,  natives  of  the  Kid  Worlil. 
I.eavi"*  (iv.ili  mhicular,  cordate  or  romultd  .it  llii   Ij.ise.  i.  f'.  sfitin'tt. 

I.e.ives  lia-.t,ite.  j.   A".  I'.laliiii: 

1.  Elatinoidts  spuria  (  L.)  Weltst.     Koiiiul-kavcd  Timd-l'l.ix.     (Fi>j.  3234.) 

Aiilii  rliiiiiim  ^f^iininn  I,  S|i.  I'l   'ii  (       l7St- 
/.Diiiiiii  \/>iiiiii  Mill   ("■  ird    |)i(t   I'M   s,  im.  ji^.      i^ds, 
J-:i,tlniiiiilrs  \/>ii)i,i  Wetlst,  in  ICiikI.  «;  I'rantl,  Nat.  I'll. 

I'ain  4:  Aht.  (h.  si.      ii'ii. 

.\iinnal,  pubeseeiit  all  over;  stems  prostrate,  braiicli- 
cd  or  sitn|)le,  ,V-J°  lo"K'  Leaves  shortpctioled, 
ovale-orhicnlar,  entire,  or  sonietinies  dentate,  iiiii- 
cronulate  at  the  apex,  cordate  or  ronndeil  at  the  base, 
'4'- 1 '  in  diameter;  petioles  i"-2"  long;  flowers  soli- 
tary in  the  axils,  small;  pednncles  filiform,  very 
pnbesoent,  oAen  mnch  longer  than  the  leaves;  calyx- 
sc^ments  ovate,  aeute  at  the  apex,  cordate  or  ronnded 
at  the  base,  onedialf  as  lon^  as  the  corolla;  corolla 
yellowish  with  a  purple  upper  lip,  the  spur  curved, 
about  as  Unm  as  the  tube;  capsule  sid)>;l<)bosc,  shorter 
th.in  the  calyx;  seeds  rugose,  not  win^jcd. 

Ill  waste  places  and  ballast,  soutlierii  New  York  to 
Norlli  Ciirolina.  .Adventive  from  ICurope.  This  and  the 
nixt  called  also  Cancerworl  and  Kcmale  I'lucUin.    Juiie- 

Sc|)t. 

2.  Elatinoides  Elatine(L. )  Wettst.    vSharp- 
poiiUed  Fliielliii  or  Toad-  I'lax.     ( I-'ig.  3235. ) 

All /in  /linn  III  /C/a/inr  I,.  Sii.  PI.  613.       I7.S.5. 
J.iiuuia  EUitina  .Mill.  Card    Hid.  VA.  S.  iio.  16.      i7(iH. 
I'.ltiliiioide^  l-:iatiur  Wrttst.  in  IviikI.  iS:  I'rantl,  Nat.  I'll. 
I'ani.  4:  .\l)t.  ,^1)   si       i.ii^i. 

Annual,  pubi:,cent;  stems  prostrate,  usually 
branched,  slender,  6'- 2°  lou),'.  Leaves  short-peli- 
oleil.  ovate,  'i'-i'  lonj;,  acute  or  acutish  at  the  apex, 
triangular,  hastate,  truncate,  or  subcordate  at  the 
b.ise,  the  basal  auricles  diverj.;eut,  acute;  petioles  1  "- 
y  Umn;  flowers  solitary  in  the  axils,  about  .^"  louf;; 
peduncles  filiform,  glabrous,  or  somewhat  hairy,  usu- 
ally longer  than  the  leaves;  calyx-segments  narrow- 
ly lanceolate,  acute;  corolla  yellowish,  purplish  be- 
neath, its  spur  slender,  straight,  declined;  capsule 
subglobose,  shorter  than  the  calyx;  seeds  wingless. 

In  sandy  waste  places,  Canadi;  New  York  to  North 
Carolina.     Naturalized  from  I'Uimpe.     Native  also  of  .\sia. 

4.    LIN  ARIA  Jtiss.  Gen.  PI.  120.       1789. 

Herbs,  some  exotic  species  shrubby,  with  alternate  enti.e  dcntite  or  lobed  leaves,  or  the 
lower  and  those  of  sterile  shoots  opposite  or  verticillate,  .ind  yellow  white  blue  purple  or 
variegated  flowers,  in  terminal  bracted  racemes  or  spikes.  Calyx  5-parted,  the  segments 
imbricated.  Corolla  irregular,  spurreil  at  the  ba-c.  or  the  spur  rarely  obsolete,  2-lipped,  the 
upper  lip  erect,  2-loIx!d,  covering  the  lower  in  the  bnd,  the  lower  spreading,  3  lobed,  its  base 
produced  into  a  palate  often  nearly  closing  the  throat.  Stamens  4,  didyn.imous,  ascending, 
included;  fdamcnts  and  style  fdiform.  Capsule  ovoid  or  globose,  opening  by  I  or  more 
mostly  3-toothcd  pores  or  slits  below  the  summit.  Seeds  numerous,  wingless  or  winged, 
angled  or  rugose.     [Latin,  liniiin,  flax,  which  some  species  resemble.] 

About  150  species,  of  wide  KcoKraphic  distribution,  most  abundant  in  the  Old  World.  Besides 
the  foUowintf.  another  occurs  in  southern  Florida.  The  corolla,  especially  the  tcrniiual  one  of  the 
raceme,  occasionally  has  5  spurs  and  is  regularly  5-lobed,  and  is  then  said  to  be  in  the  I'eloria  state. 

10 


Called  also  C  inkcrroot.    June  .Sept. 


146 


SCROrHlLARIACKAU, 


[Vol,.  III. 


Flowers  ytUow.  S"-i,s"  Utna. 

Iamvcs  linear;  flowt-rs  12"   15"  long;  sccils  winpcd. 

l.viivts  laiKcotntf;  llowi-rs  S"   Ui"  lonn;  sitils  wiiiKlfSS. 
I'lowtrs  l)liu- to  wliiti',  ,V'"  "  lo'iK- 

Spur  of  corolla  lilirorni,  curved;  native  s]Hcii«. 

Spur  of  corolla  short,  conic;  I^iiropcan  advcutivc  species. 


1.  /.  /.ilia rill. 

2.  L.  ,^r>n.\htifo!iii. 

\   /..  ( 'aiituinifis. 


^ 


I.    Linaria  Linaria  (L.)   K:\vs\..      Ranstcad. 

Biitter-ancl-IvRK^-     Vellow  Toad-Flax. 

( Fig.  3236. ) 

Aiilh  I liiiiiiDi  l.hiaiia  I,.  Sp.  IM.  u\u.      1753. 
I.iiiaiia  tiilgiiris  Jlill.  Card.  I>ict.  ICd.  S.  no.  i.      1768. 
l.iiiiiiiti  l.inaiiii  Karsl.  Dcutscli.  I'l.  11)7.       isSo-S;. 

Perennial  !>)•  short  rootstocks,  pale  >;reen  and 
slif;l)tly  );lancons;  stems  slender,  erect,  very  leal y,  j^la- 
brous,  or  sparingly  glandidar-pubi-scent  above,  siin])lc 
or  with  few  erect  branches,  r^-,',°  lii^h.  Leaves  linear, 
sessile,  entire,  acntc  at  both  ends,  mostly  aUcrnatc, 
'I'-i'/i'  Ion},',  }"-l)i"  wide;  (lowers  densely  race- 
mose, lij;ht  yellow,  I'-i  '4'  '""K-  *''*^  spur  of  tlic  erect 
corolla  soMewhat  darker,  the  palate  oranj;c-colorcil; 
pedicels  2" -4"  lonj;,  nearly  erect;  calyx-sc};ments  ob- 
long, acutish,  about  I'i"  long;  spur  subulate,  nearly 
as  long  as  the  body  of  the  corolla;  middle  lobe  of  the 
lower  lip  shorter  than  the  other  two;  capsnle  ovoid, 
the  seeds  rngose,  winged. 


III  liilds  and  wasti'  places,  Nova  Scotia  to  XIanitoh.i, 
soiitli  to  Virginia  and  .Neliiaska.  Naturalized  Iroin  ICu 
rope.  Native  also  of  .\sia.  June  Oct.  Called  also  liride- 
weed,  I'Maxweed.  and  IlBKsand  liacon.  Widely  di>tributcd 
in  teniiierate  regions  as  a  weed. 

2.   Linaria  genistaefolia  (L.)  Mill.     Broom- 
leaved  Toad-Flax.     (Fig.  3237.) 

Anlirihiinini  geiiitlaifi<h'iiiii  I..  Sp.  PI.  ()i6.      1753 
Linaria  gcnislarj'i<lia  ilill.  ('.ar<l.  Diet.  VA.  S,  no.  1 ).    176S, 

Similar  to  the  preceding  species  but  more  glancous 
and  usually  paniculately  branched;  stem  rather  stout, 
l°-3°  high;  leaves  lanceolate,  sessile,  l'-3'.<'  long, 
2"-i>"  wide,  acute  or  acuminate  at  the  apex;  (lowers 
yellow,  loosely  racemose,  8"  10"  long;  pedicels  short; 
spur  of  the  corolla  nearly  as  long  as  the  tube;  capsule 
ovoid;  seeds  wingless. 

Spariajtly  established  on  the  northern  part  of  New  York 
Island;  station  now  nearly  or  <|uite  obliterated.  Natural- 
ized or  adventive  from  continental  Europe.    Jutie-.\UK. 


3.    Linaria  Canadensis  (I,.)  Dntnoiit. 
Hltie  or  Wild  Toad-Flax.    (.Fig.  3238. ) 

Aiilir) hiiiiini  Caiiaiiiii^r  I..  Sp.  I'l.  MS.  17.S.V 
A/Hi;/7a  ("ilHrt(/('/i;'.v  Duiiiont,  Hot.  Cult.  2:i|ii.  1S02. 
liiennial  or  annual,  glabrous,  green,  sometimes 
fleshy;  flowering  steins  erect  or  ascending,  very 
slender,  simple,  or  branched,  4'-2,'j°  higli,  the 
sterile  shoots  spreading  or  procumbent,  very 
leafy.  Leaves  linear  or  linear-oblong,  4"-i5" 
long,  l'2"-i"  wide,  entire,  sessile,  those  of  the 
sterile  shoots,  or  some  of  them,  usually  opposite; 
(lovers  3"-4"  long,  in  slender  long  racemes; 
pedicels  2"-3"  long,  erect  and  appressed  in  fruit, 
ui'iiutely  bracted  at  the  base;  calyx-.scgments 
lanceolate,  acute,  or  acuminate,  about  as  long  as 
the  capsule;  spur  of  the  corolla  filiform,  curved, 
as  long  as  the  tube  or  longer;  palate  a  white 
convex  a-ridged  projection;  capsule  opening  by  2 
apical  valves,  each  valve  becoming  3-toollied; 
seeds  angled,  wingless. 
In  dry  soil,  Nova  Scotia  to  Florida,  west  to  Minnesota,'()reKon,  Texas  and  California.  Also  in 
Central  and  South  America.    .\  dwarf  form  with  no  coroUa'.is  freiiuent.    May-Sept. 


Vol,.  III.] 


I'IGWORT   FAMILY. 


147 


4.  Linaria  repens  {h.)  Mill.  Pale- 
blue  Toad-Flax.     (I'ig.  3239.) 

Aiilinhinum  rff>fi)s  I,.  Sp.  PI.  614,     i7,s.i. 
Linaria   repens  Mill.  I'.aril.  Diet.  ICd.  S. 

no.  6.      1 70S. 
Linaria  striata   DC.  Kl.  France,  3:  ,iS6. 

C'.labrous,  perennial  by  a  horizontal 
or  creeping  rootstock;  stem  erect,  or 
the  base  decuinbcnt,  S'-^o'  \n\^\\,  iisn- 
ally  branched,  the  branches  slender. 
T^eaves  linear,  entire,  short-petiolcd  or 
sessile,  ,'j'-2'  long,  l"-2"  wide,  nar- 
rowed to  both  ends,  the  lower  crowded, 
sometimes  whorled,  the  nppei  more 
scattered;  flowers  in  slender  terminal 
elonj-ating  racemes;  pedicels  2"-^" 
long;  bracts  narrowly  linear,  acute; 
corolla  nearly  white,  bnt  striped  with 
blue  or  purple,  about  (>"  long;  spur 
short,  conic;  capsule  sul)globose;  seeds 
wrinkled,  wingless. 

Newrmindland,  and  in  ballast  aliDUt  the 
Atlantic  seaports.  Adventivc  from  ICuvope. 
Suniiuer. 


^r 


ut 


^'^M; 


ml. 


limes 

very 
the 

vcrv 
l.S'' 
Df  the 
)osite; 
:emes; 

fruit, 
ments 
jug  as 
urvcd, 

white 
g  by  2 
Dthed ; 

Vlso  in 


5.    ANTIRRHINUM  I..  Sp.  PI.  f.i2.       1753. 

Annual  or  perennial  herbs,  with  alternate  leaves,  or  the  lower  and  those  of  steiile  shoots 
opposite,  and  mo.stly  large  red  purple  yellow  or  white  flowers,  in  terminal  racemes,  or  soli- 
tary in  the  upper  axils.  Calyx  5-parted,  the  segments  imbricateil.  Corolla  irregular,  gib- 
lious,  or  saccate,  but  not  spurrcil  at  the  base,  2-lipped,  the  upper  lip  erect,  2lobed,  the  lower 
spreading,  ,vlobed,  its  base  produced  into  a  palate  nearly  or  (|uite  closing  the  throat.  Sta- 
mens 4,  <lidynainons,  included;  filaments  filiform,  or  dilated  at  the  summit.  St>lc  filiform. 
Capsule  ovoid  or  globose,  opening  by  chinks  or  pores  below  the  summit.  Seeds  numerous, 
oblong,  truncate,  rugose  or  smooth,  not  winged,     [dr.-ek,  nose-like  ] 

About  4i>  species,  natives  of  luirope,  .Asia  and  western  North  .\iiierica.  llesides  the  following 
introduced  species,  some  18  others  inhabit  the  western  I'liited  States. 

1,  .1.  mains. 

2.  A.  Orontiiim. 


Flowers  I'-i '.'  long;  calyx-segnieiits  ovate,  iiiiich  shorter  than  the  eoioUa. 
Flowers  5   -7  '  Ioiik;  caly.\-segiiienls  linear,  as  Ioiik  as  the  corolla. 


T    Antirrhinum  majus  L.    OreatSiiap- 
dragou.    IJon's-niouth.    (Fig.  3240. ) 

Aniii  rliinum  niajiis  I,.  Sp.  I'l.  617.     '7,S,1. 

Perennial,  glabrous  below,  usually  more  or 
less  glandular-pubescent  above;  stem  branched 
or  simple,  1°-,^°  high.  Leaves  lanceolate,  lin- 
ear or  oblong-lanceolate,  entire,  short-peti- 
oled,  acute  at  both  ends,  rather  firm,  glabrous, 
I'-y  long,  i"-5"  wide;  flowers  racemose,  pur- 
plish-red (of  a  variety  of  colors  in  cultivated 
forms),  I'-i'^'long;  pedicels  rather  stout,  3"- 
6"  long,  erect  in  fruit;  calyx-segments  oval  to 
ovate,  obtuse,  2"-3"  long;  capsule  obli(iuely 
ovoid,  ^"-$"  high,  opening  by  2  pores  just  be- 
low the  summit  or  at  length  apically  2-valvcd, 
much  longer  than  the  calyx. 

In  waste  places,  sparingly  escaped  from  gar- 
dens ill  tile  Atlantic  States.  Adventivc  from  ICu- 
rope.  Other  ICnglish  names  are  Kabbit's  Mouth, 
Honny  Rabbits,  Calf-snout,  Dragon's-  Tiger's- 
Dog's-  or  Toad's-mouth,  lUiUdogs.    June-Sept. 


148  SCROPIU'LARIACKAH.  [Vol..  III. 

2.   Antirrhinum  Orontium  I,. 

Lesser  Snapdragon.     (Fig.  3241.) 

Aniirtliiiium  Oionliiint  I,.  Sp.  PI.  617.      175,^. 

Annual,  glabrous  or  pubescent;  stem  erect, 
simple,  or  branched,  slender,  about  1°  high. 
Leaves  narrowly  linear,  or  the  lower  liticar- 
spatulatc,  almost  sessile,  narrowed  at  both 
ends,  i'-2'  long,  i"-2"  wide;  flowers  soli- 
tary in  the  upper  axils,  purple,  mostly  dis- 
tant, 5''-7"  long;  peduncles  shorter  than  the 
flowers;  calyx-segments  linear,  somewhat 
unequal,  as  long  as  the  corolla,  elongated 
in  fruit  so  as  much  to  exceed  the  pubescent 
capsule. 

In  fields  and  w.iste  places,  New  ICn^rland  and 
New  York.  \\»o  on  Vancouver  Island.  Ad- 
ventive  from  ICurope.  Native  also  of  Asia. 
June-AUR. 

6.    SCROPHULARIA  L.  Sp.  PI.  619.      1753. 

Perennial  strong-smelling  herbs,  some  exotic  species  shrubby,  with  mostly  opposite 
large  leaves,  and  small  purple  greenish  or  yellow  proterogyuous  flowers,  in  terminal  pani- 
cled  cymes  or  thyrses.  Calyx  5-parted  or  5-cleft,  the  segments  or  lobes  mostly  obtuse. 
Corolla  irregular,  the  tube  globose  to  oblong,  not  gibbous  nor  spurred  at  the  base,  the  limb 
5-lobed,  the  2  upper  lobes  longer,  erect,  the  lateral  ones  ascending,  the  lower  spreading  or 
reflexed.  Stamens  5,  4  of  them  anther-bearing  and  didynamous,  declined,  mostly  included, 
their  anther-sacs  confluent  into  one,  the  fifth  sterile,  reduced  to  a  scale  on  the  roof  of  the 
corolla  tube.  Style  filiform;  stigma  capitate  or  truncate.  Capsule  ovoid,  septicidally  dehis- 
cent.    Seeds  rugose,  not  winged.     [Named  for  its  repute  as  a  remedy  for  .scrofula.] 

About  120  species,  natives  of  the  northern  lieniisphtTe,  most  abundant  in  southern  Uurope. 
Ucsides  the  following,  2  or  ,\  others  occur  in  the  western  fniled  States. 

Corolla  dull  outside;  sterile  stamen  deep  purple.  i.  .?.  .Ifaiy/aiidi'ia. 

Corolla  shining  outside:  sterile  stamen  (jreenish  yellow.  2.  S.  li'poreUa. 

X.    Scrophularia  Marylandica  L.     Maryland  Figwort,  lieu.    11  or  Pilewort. 

(Fig.  3242.) 

S(ri>f>liulai  ia  ^faiyliindica  I,.  Sp.  I'l.  fiig.  175,^ 
Siiiif'liularia  iiniiosa  var.  .tfiiri/aiKfiCti  A.  Gray, 
Syn.  I'l.  2:  Part  i,  2,iS.  1878. 
Glabrous  below,  somewhat  glandular-pu- 
bescent above;  stem  slender,  4-anglcd  with 
grooved  sides,  usually  widely  branched, 
erect,  3''-io°  high.  Leaves  membranous, 
slender- pctioled,  usually  pubernleut  beneath, 
ovate  or  ovate-lanceolate,  acuminate  at  the 
apex,  sharplj'  serrate,  narrowed,  truncate  or 
subcordate  at  the  base,  ,^'-12'  long;  flowers 
greenish-purple,  3"-4"  long,  very  numerous 
in  the  nearly  leafless  thyrses;  bractlets  mostly 
opposite,  peiliccls  slender,  ascending,  4"-I2" 
long;  calyx-lobes  broadly  ovate,  obtuse,  about 
the  length  of  the  tube;  corolla  green,  dull 
without,  brownish  purple  and  shining  with- 
in, little  contracted  at  the  throat,  the  two 
lateral  lobes  slightly  spreading,  the  upper  lip 
erect,  its  lobes  short,  rounded;  capsule  sub- 
globose,  with  a  slender  tip;  sterile  stamen 
deep  purple. 

In  woods  and  thickets.  New  York  to  Kansas,  North  Carolina  and  Tennessee.  Ascends  to  4000 
ft.  in  North  Carolina.  The  ranges  of  this  and  the  following  species  are  not  yet  definitely  deter- 
mined.   July-Sept. 


riGWORT   FAMILY. 


149 


Ml# 


Vol..  III.J 

2.    Scrophularia   leporella    liicknell. 
Hare  Figwort,     (Hig.  3243.) 

Sciofih  Jaria  leftorella  liicknell,  Hull.  Torr.  Club, 
23;  ,V/.      1H96. 

Stem  puberulcnt  below,  visciil-Klaiulular 
above,  sharply  4-an(ile(l  with  flat  sides,  3°-S°  tall, 
simple,  or  somewhat  branched.  Leaves  short- 
petioled,  ovate  to  lanceolate,  acuminate  at  the 
apex,  mostly  narrowed  at  the  base,  but  some- 
times subcordate,  jjlabrous  on  both  sides  when 
mature,  usually  inciscd-dentate,  2'-io'  lonj?; 
flowers  \"-~,"  Ion;;,  in  clonj;atcd  narrow  thyrses; 
bractlets  mostly  alternate;  caly.x-Iobes  ovate, 
obtuse,  or  acute;  corolla  contracted  at  the  throat, 
green  to  purple  and  shining  without,  dull 
within,  the  two  lateral  lobes  erect;  lobes  of  the 
upper  lip  often  narrowly  oblong;  sterile  stamen 
greenish  yellow;  capsule  ovoid-conic. 

In  woods  and  alouK  roadsides,  Cuniicctiout  to 
Minnesota,  \irginia  and  Ni-braska.  Ascends  to 
3500  ft.  in  Virginia.     May  July. 

7.    CHELONE  I,.  Sp.  PI.  6ir.       1753. 

Perennial,  mostlj'  glabrous  branched  or  simple  herbs,  with  opposite  serrate  petioled  leaves, 
and  large  white  red  or  purple  flowers,  in  terminal  and  axillary  dense  spikes.  Caly.x  5-parted, 
bracted  at  the  base,  the  segments  ovate  or  lanceolate.  Corolla  irregular,  the  tube  elongated, 
enlarged  above,  the  limb  2-lipped;  upper  lip  concave,  cmarginate  or  entire,  exterior  in  the 
bud;  lower  lip  spreading,  woolly  within,  3-lobed,  its  lateral  lobes  sometimes  longer  than  the 
middle  one.  Stamens  5,  included,  4  of  them  anthetiferous,  dirlyiuinious,  the  fifth  sterile, 
smaller;  filaments  slender,  woolly;  anthers  woolly,  cordate.  Style  fdiform;  stigma  small, 
capitate.  Capsule  ovoid,  sepliciilally  dehiscent.  .Sce<ls  numerous,  compressed,  winged, 
[{jreek,  tortoise,  the  head  of  which  the  corolla  resembles.] 

Three  species,  natives  of  eastern  North  AuK-rica. 


Corolla  white;  bracts  not  cilioliite. 
ConiUa  red  or  rose  purple:  l)racts  ciliohitc. 

Leaves  oblong  or  lancenlale. 

Leaves  ovate,  acuminate;  mountain  plant. 


C.  glabra. 

C.  ohliqua. 
C.  l.yoiii. 


a  4000 
deter- 


I.    Chelone  glabra  L.       Snake- 

lieacL        Turtle-head. 

(I'iR-  3244-) 

Clieloiif  i;lahi-,i  I,.  Sp.  I'l.  61 1.     1753. 

Stem  slender,  erect,  obtusely  4-sided, 
simple  or  sometimes  branched,  strict,  i°- 
3°  high,  the  branches  erect.  Leaves  lan- 
ceolate, sharply  serrate  with  low  ap- 
prcssed  teeth,  acuminate  at  the  apex,  nar- 
rowed at  the  base,  shortpetioled,  3'-6' 
long,  ]i'~\]i'  wide,  the  principal  veins 
about  loon  each  side  of  themidvein;  flow- 
ers white  or  faintly  pink,  about  1'  long; 
bracts  glabrous,  not  ciliolate;  calyx-scg- 
mentsovatc-oblong, obtuse;  capsule  ovoid, 
obtuse,  about  |i'  high,  twice  as  long  as 
the  calyx. 

In  swamps  and  along  streams.  Newfound- 
laud  to  I'Uirida,  west  to  Manitoba  and  Kansas. 
.\scends  to  ,vkjo  ft.  in  the  Adirondacks. 
Called  also  Shell  flower.  Cod  head,  Hitter- 
heiband  lialtnony.  Lower  leaves  fometinit  9 
broadly  oval      July-Sept. 


I 

f 


Mr 


15° 


SCROl'HLil.ARIACEAE. 


[Voi<.  III. 


2.  Chelone  obliqua  h.     Red  Turtle-head. 

(Fig.  3245.) 

Clielonf  obliiiua  I,.  Syst.  lid.  11,  no.  .(.      1767. 

Stem  slender,  ascending,  i°-2°  hi>;li,  usually 
branched,  tlie  branches  spreading  or  ascending. 
Leaves  oblong,  or  l)roadly  lanceolate,  acuminate  at 
the  apex,  narrowed  at  the  base,  petioled,  sharply 
serrate  witli  somewhat  spreading  teeth,  or  laciniate, 
2'-6'  long,  >2'-2j^'  wide;  petioles  2"-6"  long; 
principal  veins  about  10  oh  each  .side;  flowers  red 
or  rosc-purple,  about  i'  long;  bracts  and  calyx-seg- 
ments eiliolatc  and  usually  puberulent;  capsule 
similar  to  that  of  the  preceding  species. 

In  wet  thickets  and  alotiii:  streams,  Virginia  to  Illi- 
nois, south  to  Florida.    July-Sept. 


3.    Chelone  Lyoni  Pur.sh.     Lyon's  Turtle- 
head.     (Fig.  ,3246.) 

Chelone  l.yoni  Pursh,  Kl.  .\ni.  Sept.  737.      1S14. 

Stem  slender,  erect  or  nearly  so,  simple  or 
branched,  l°-3°  high.  Leaves  ovate,  acuminate  at 
the  apex,  rounded,  truncate  or  subcordate  at  the 
base;  3'-7'  long,  I '-4'  wide,  usually  slender-petioled, 
sharply  serrate  with  divergent  teeth,  the  principal 
veins  8-10  on  each  side;  flowers  red  or  rose-purple, 
about  l'  long;  bracts  and  caly.x-segments  eiliolatc 
and  puberulent. 

In  swamps  and  wet  thickets,  mountains  of  Virginia  (?); 
North  Carolina  and  Tennessee  to  Georgia,    July-Sept. 

8.  PENTSTEMON  Soland.  in  Ait.  Hort.  Kew.  3:  511.  1789. 
Perennial  herbs,  mostly  branched  from  the  base  only,  with  opposite  or  rarely  verticillate 
leaves,  or  the  upper  occasionally  alternate,  and  large,  usually  showy,  blue  purple  red  or  white 
flowers,  in  terminal  thyrscs,  panicles,  or  racemes.  Calyx  5-parted,  the  segments  imbricated. 
Corolla  irregular,  the  tube  elongated,  more  or  less  enlarged  above,  the  limb  2lipped;  upper 
lip  2-lobed;  lower  lip  3-lobeil.  .Stamens  5,  included,  4  of  them  antheriferous  and  didynam- 
ons,  the  5th  sterile,  as  long  as  or  shorter  than  the  others;  anther-sacs  divergent  orconnivent. 
Style  filiform;  stigma  capitate.  Capsule  ovoid,  oblong,  or  globose,  scpticidally  dehiscent. 
Seeds  numerous,  angled  or  even,  wingless.  [Creek,  five  stamens.] 
About  imi  species,  ii.itives  of  North  .\nicrica  and  Mexico. 

-:v    More  or  less  pubescent  or  glandular,  at  least  the  calyx  and  pedicels. 
Corolla  Vi' -W'  Iomr:  leavi's  entire,  serrate,  or  denticulate. 
Stem  pubescent  or  puberulent  nearly  or  i|uile  to  the  base. 
Thyrsus  open,  piinicle-like. 

Corolla  densely  bearded  in  the  throat:  stem  leaves  lanceolate. 
Corolla  scarcely  bearded  in  the  iliro.it;  stem  leaves  ovale. 
Thyrsus  narrow,  raceme-like  or  si)ike-like. 

CoroUatulie  abruptly  enlarged:  sleriU'  filament  densely  woolly. 
Coiolla  lube  grailuilly  eiihirged:  sterile  fdametit  slightly  bearded. 
Only  the  inflorescence,  or  jiedieels,  or  caly.x  pubescent. 
Thyrsus  open,  jiaiiicle-lilie. 

.Stem  leaves  oblong,  i>vate,  or  lanceolate. 

Corolla  white,  abruptly  enlarged,  I'-l'i'  long. 
Corolla  purplish,  t;radiially  enlarged,  S"-io"  lo,i<f. 
Stem  leaves  linear  laiieeolate. 
Thyrsus  narrow,  interrupted:  calyx  viscid. 
Corolla  2'  long,  the  tube  much  enlarged  above;  leaves  dentate. 

->:•   •':   Completely  glabrous  throughout,  mostly  glaucous. 
Leaves  lanceolate,  oblong,  ovale,  ohovate,  or  orbicular. 
.Stem  leaves  rounded,  cla>ipiiig;  flowers  2'  long. 
Stem  leaves  acute  or  acuminate:  flowers  9"-ls"  long. 
Corolla  o"    10"  long;  stem  leaves  lanceolate. 
Corolla  i'    I  '  •'  long:  stem  leaves  mostly  oblong. 
Leaves  linear  or  linearlanceol.ite:  flower-i  densely  tliyrsoid. 
Hracts  lanceolate,  small:  flower-*  o'-S"  long. 
Uracls  ovate,  aeumin.ate,  large;  flowers  i'  long  or  more. 


hhsiihi!;. 
laiiescens. 

eris/a/tis. 
alhittus. 


/'eiilsleiiion. 
i;  inii7t.i. 
Ii(bifli>nis. 
Cohaea. 


II. 
12. 


/'.  giandiflorus. 

I',  aruminaliis. 
/'.  glaher. 


I',  aiii^iisli/dlius. 
I',  llaydeni. 


Vol,.  HI.] 


I'lGWORT  FAMILY. 


151 


I.   Pentstemon  hirsutus  (I<.)  Willd. 
Hairy  lieard-tongue.     (Fig.  3247.) 

ChfUine  hirsula  I,.  Sp.  PI.  6ii.      I7,S,V 

/'.  puhescfus  Solaiid.  in  Ait  llort.  Kew.  3:  ,^6o.  1789. 

J'cnisli-nion  In)  stilus  WilUl.  Sp.  PI.  3:  227.      180I. 

Stem  slender,  erect,  downy  iieiirly  or  quite 
to  the  base,  1°-;,°  liigli.  Leaves  pubcrulent 
or  glabrous,  denticulate  or  the  uppermost 
entire,  the  basal  oblong  or  ovate,  obtusish  at 
the  apex,  2'-A]i'  long,  >^'-2'  wide,  narrowed 
into  petioles,  the  upper  sessile,  lanceolate, 
moslly  acuminate,  sessile  or  slightly  clasping; 
inflorescence  tliyrsoid,  rather  loose,  glandular- 
pubescent;  pedicels  mostly  short;  corolla  pur- 
plish or  violet,  the  tubegradually  dilated  above, 
2-grooved  on  the  lower  side,  about  10"  long, 
the  throat  nearly  closed  by  the  villous  palate 
at  the  l)ase  of  the  lower  lip;  stenle  filament 
densely  bearded  for  about  one-half  its  length. 

In  dry  woods  and  thickets,  Maine  to  Ontario 
and  Manitol>a.  south  to  Florida,  Minnesota  and 
Texas.     May- July. 

2.  Pentstemon  canescens  Britton. 


Gray  Beard-tongue.     (Tig.  3248.) 

Pt'Hlslemon  laevigalu.i  var.   canescens    Uritton, 

Mcni.  Torr.  Club,  2:  30.      1890. 
P.  canescens  Uritton,  Mem. Torr.  Club,  5:  291.  1894. 

Densely  and  finely  canesccnt  or  puberulcnt, 
or  the  leaves  sometimes  nearly  glabrous;  stem 
rather  stout,  i "-3"  high.  Leaves  denticulate, 
the  lower  and  basal  ones  oval,  obtuse,  nar- 
rowed into  long  margined  petioles,  the  next 
I  or  2  pairs  contracted  below  the  nmldle  and 
somewhat  fidvUe- shaped,  3'-6'  long,  the  upper 
ovate  or  ovate-lanceolate,  acuminate,  clasping; 
thyrsus  elongated,  open,  glandular-pubescent, 
leafy -bracted  below;  pedicels  very  short;  calyx- 
segments  lanceolate,  acuminate;  corolla  purple 
or  nearly  white,  about  i'  long,  slightly  or  not 
at  all  bearded  in  the  throat;  sterile  filament 
slightly  bearded  for  about  one-third  its  length; 
capsule  ovoid,  glabrous,  longer  than  the  calyx. 

In  dry  woods,  Virginia,  West  Virginia  and  North 
Carolina,  in  and  near  the  mountains.     May-June. 


3.    Pentstemon  cristatus  Xutt. 
Crested  Beard-tongtie.     (Fig.  3249,) 

J'en/s/emon  ciislalus  Nutt.  Gen.  2:  ,S2.      1818. 

Pubernlent  below,  glandular-villous  and  vis- 
cid above;  stem  rather  stout,  leafy,  6'-i.S'  high. 
Leaves  firm,  entire  or  repand,  the  lower  and  basal 
ones  oldong  or  spatulate,  obtuse  or  acutish,  2 '-4' 
long,  narrowed  into  margined  petioles,  the  upper 
sessile  or  somewhat  clasping,  acute  or  acuminate; 
tliyrsus  dense,  narrow,  leafy -bracted;  flowers 
almost  sessile;  calyx-segments  linear-lanceolate, 
acuminate,  villous  when  young;  corolla  about  l' 
long,  rather  abruptly  dilated  above,  red  or  pur- 
ple, its  lower  lip  villous  within;  sterile  filament 
densely  long-bearded. 

On  plains,  Manitoba  and  the  North  WLSlTerritory 
to  Nebraska  and  Nevada.     May  July. 


M^P 


I 


% 


■  \ 


I 


m 


SCROI'IIULARIACKAK. 


[Vol..  HI. 


4.    Pentstemon  albidus  Nutt.     White- 
flowered  Heard-toiiguc.     (Kig.  3250. ) 

^^  \  AA    ,,'    /V;;/,\7cW('«  (;//i/(/H.t  Nutt.  C'icn.  2:  ,iv       i8iS. 

i\y  Y'  /  Stem  piiljcrulL'iit  I)eIov,',  densely  Hlnii'liilar  pubes- 
cent above,  rather  stout,  6'- 10'  hij^li.  Basal  and 
lower  leaves  spatulate  or  oblonjj,  obtusisli,  mostly 
entire,  the  upper  lanceolate  or  oblou),',  sessile,  den- 
ticulate, acute  or  acuminate,  l,'i'-2^'>'  long,  '^"-W 
wide;  thyrsus  narrow,  raceme-like,  leaty-bractcd, 
interrupted;  calyx-segments  lanceolate,  acuniinate, 
visciil,  one-half  as  long  as  the  coroUa-tulie;  corolla 
white  or  nearly  so,  S"-io"  long,  funnelforni,  the 
tube  gradually  dilated  ujiward,  the  limb  nearly 
e(iually  5-lobed,  the  lobes  spreading;  sterile  fila- 
ment slightly  bearded  with  short  hairs. 

On  dry  plains,  South  Dakota  to  Colorado,  Nebraska 
and  Texas.    June-.\ug. 


.  Pentstemon  Digitalis  (Sweet)  Nutt. 
Foxglove  Bearcl-toiigiie.   (Kig.  3251.) 

ri.  Card.  2:  pL  120. 


Trans.  .\ni.  I'liil.  Soc. 
Cray,  Syn. 


ChiUnic  !ligilalis  Sweit,  Hrit 

182,5-27. 
Pcnislpiiion   lUi^ilalis  Null 

(II.)  5:  iSi.    ■  lS,vv-,^7. 
PciilsliiHdii  hit-.'ienlits  Viir.  I'>is;ilalis  .\ 

KI.  2:  Part  i,  2G^.      1S7S. 

Glabrous,  except  the  glandular-pubescent  in- 
florescence; stem  rather  stout, 2^-5^  bigh.  Lower 
and  basal  leaves  oblong  or  oval,  obtuse  or  acut- 
ish,  entire  or  repand,  2'-7'  long,  narroweil  into 
margined  petioles;  upper  leaves  ovate,  lanceo- 
late or  ovate-lanceolate,  sessile  and  more  or  less 
cordate-clasping  at  the  base,  acuminate,  sharply 
denticulate;  thyrsus  open,  many-flowered;  pedi- 
cels i"-,i"  long;  calyx-segments  lanceolate; 
corolla  white,  i'-\}i'  long,  the  tube  abruptly 
dilated,  the  limb  moderately  2-lippe(l,  the  throat 
open;  sterile  filament  bearded  above. 

In  fields  and  thickets,    Maine   and  New    \mk    to 


Illinois 


south    to  Virginia 
.May  July. 


DouUtltss  escai)td  from  cultivation  in  its  norllica^t<-Hi  raiijji.' 

6.  Pentstemon  Pentstemon  (I.,.)  Britt.    Smooth  Ueatd-toiigue 


and    Arkansas. 

(I'ig.  3252.) 

s 


.-'SO. 
Ait. 


176,^. 
Iloit. 


( '/ir/diic  l\iilsleiiinii  I,.  Sp.  IM.  l';d. 
J'i'ii/.\/i'i>ioii   /aevii;atiis  Soland.   in 

Kew.  2:  y.»i.      1789. 
1'i-iils.lcnioii    J'oilsleiiioit    Hritton,    Mem.    Torr. 

Club.  5;  291.      iS()|. 

Glabrous,  except  the  somewhat  glandular- 
pubescent  inflorescence;  stem  slender,  2°-3° 
hi).di.  liasal  and  lower  leaves  oblong  or 
oval,  obtuse,  3'-5'  long,  narrowed  into  mar- 
gined petioles,  denticulate;  upper  leaves  ses- 
sile or  slightly  clasping,  acute,  obloug,  or 
lanceolate,  denticulate;  thyr.siis  open,  usually 
many-flowered;  flowers  nearly  sessile;  calyx- 
segments  lanceolate,  acute,  short;  corolla 
purple  or  purplish,  .S"-lo"  long,  the  tube 
gradually  enlarged  above,  the  throat  wide 
open,  scarcely  or  not  at  all  bearded;  sterile 
fil  iment  thinly  beardcil  for  about  one-half  its 
length,  or  more  den.sely  beardetl  above. 

In  woods  and  thickets,  Pennsylvania  to  I'lor- 
ida,  west  to  Kentucky  and  Louisiana.  Occa- 
sionally escaped  from  cultivation  further  east. 
May -July. 


1- 


Voi,.  iir.] 


riC.WORT   FAMILY. 


153 


7.   Pentstemon  gracilis  Nutt. 

I'l'nlslfmon  firaciti.s  Null.  (im.  2:  52.      iSiS 

Glabrous  or  very  nearly  so  up  to  tlic  j;lati(lu- 
lur-puhesi-eiit  innorfsccucf;  stum  slcinler,  strict, 
6'-i.S'  high.  Hasal  anil  lower  leaves  liuear-o))- 
loDg  or  spatulate,  mostly  olitusc,  denticulate,  or 
entire,  I'-j'  long,  narrowed  into  margined  peti- 
oles; upper  leaves  sessile,  linear-lanceolate  or 
the  uppermost  lanceolate,  acuminate,  ilenticu- 
late;  thyrsuso])en,  several-many-llowered;  pedi- 
cels 2"-.\"  long;  calyx-segmenls  lanceolate, 
acute  or  acuminate;  corolla  purple,  9"  12" 
long,  its  tuhc  gradually  eidarged  above,  its 
throat  wide  open;  sterile  filament  bearded  for 
about  oncdialf  its  length;  capsule  one-third 
longer  than  the  calyx. 

On   moiht   prairii's.   Manitoba   to   Sliiinrsota 
to    till-    Noilliwtst    Tcrritoiv 

July- 


Slender  Heard-tougne. 


Missouri, 
Colorado. 


wist 
M,.y 


ind 
ind 


8.  Pentstemon  tubifldrus  Xiitt.     P'lin- 

iielforni  Ueard-tongue.      (  V'\^.  3254. ) 

I'lii/slimoii  /iilii/li"'iis  Nutt.  Trans.  .\ni.  Pliil.  Soc. 

(II.)  5:  LSI.      \\\y^-. 

Cilabrous,  except  the  viscid-pubescent  calyx 
and  pedicels;  stem  slender,  strict,  2°-.i!j°  high, 
leafless  above.  Leaves  oblong,  ovate,  or  lanceo- 
late, i'-.\'  long,  obtusish  or  acute,  the  basal 
narrowed  into  broad  margined  petioles,  the 
ujiper  sessile  or  clasping,  entire  or  merely  un- 
didate;  thyrsus  narrow,  interrupted,  the  clusters 
several  dowered;  pedicels  \"-i"  long,  calyx- 
segments  ovate,  acuminate,  short,  striate-nerved; 
corolla  nearly  funuelform,  white  or  purplish, 
less  than  i'  long,  nearly  as  broad  when  ex- 
panded, its  tube  gradually  enlarged,  the  limb 
nearly  C(|ually  five-lobed,  the  lobes  spreading; 
sterile  fdament  short  bearded  above;  capsule 
ovoid,  acute,  about  twice  as  long  as  the  calyx, 
ouri  and  Kansas  to  Arkansas.     May-July. 


In  moist  soil,  Jli 

9,  Pentstemon  Cobaea  Nutt.     Cobaea 
Heard-tongitc.     ( l-'ig.  .^255.) 

I'oihUnion   Cohat'a  Nutt.  Trans.  .\in.   I'liil.  Soc. 

(II)5:iS<2.      i.S,v,-,37- 

Stem  stout,  densely  and  finely  pubescent  be- 
low, glandular  pubescent  above,  \°-2°  high. 
Leaves  oblong  to  ovate,  firm,  3'-5'  long,  den- 
tate, the  lower  mostly  glabrous  and  narrowed 
into  margined  petioles,  the  upper  sessile  or 
cordate-clasi)ing,  usually  ])ubcscent;  thyrsus 
short,  several-many-flowered,  open;  flowers 
about  2'  long;  calyx- segments  lanceolate, 
acuminate,  ,s"-7"  long;  corolla  purple,  puber- 
ulcnt  without,  glabrous  within,  its  tube  narrow- 
up  to  the  top  of  the  calyx,  then  abruptly  di- 
laled  and  campanulate,  the  limb  obscurely  2- 
lipped,  the  lobes  short,  rounded,  spreading; 
sterile  fdament  sparingly  bearded;  capsule 
ovoid,  acute,  pubescent,  reticulate-veined,  as 
long  as  the  calyx. 

On  dry  prairies,  Kansas  to  Te.v.is.     May  July. 


'54 


SCROl'in'I.ARIAClvAH. 


[Vol..  III. 


10.  Pentstemon  grandifldrus  Xutt.  LarKC-flowcred  Heard-toiij:;iie.  (Fig. 3256.) 

/'  gmiiilitloi  IIS  N'litt.  ill  I'r.\s.  Cat.      i8i  ). 

Citalirous  iititl  aoiiiewhal  ^laucnus;  stem 
stout,  2°  4°  IukIi.  Leaves  nil  entire  and  ob- 
tuse, the  basal  ones  oliovate,  narrowed  into 
broad  petioles,  those  of  the  lower  part  of  the 
stem  sessile,  oblon^j  or  oval,  l'-2,'i'  long,  the 
upper  nearly  orbicular,  cordntc-rlaspinff, 
shorter;  thyrsus  open,  leafy -bracted,  the 
bracts  orbicular,  conlate;  jicdicels  2"-6" 
loiijr;  flowers  nearly  2' long;  calyx-seKinents 
lanceolate,  acute,  y"-A"  long;  corolla  laven- 
der-blue, the  tube  rather  abruptly  dilated 
above  the  calyx,  the  limb  somewhat  2-lipped; 
sterile  fdanient  incurved,  villous  and  capitate 
at  the  summit;  capsule  acute,  8"-i()"  hinh, 
three  times  as  long  as  the  calyx. 

On  prairii's,  Illinois  to  Miinicsota  and  South 
Dakota,  soutli  to  Kansas.     Jniie-.\UK. 


^-ir 


n.  Pentstemon  acuminsLtus  Dotigl. 
Sharp-leaved  Beard-tongue.    (Fig.  3257.) 

Penlslenioii  anniiiiialiis  Dongl.;  I.indl.  Hot.   Retf. 

pi.  ijS_^.      1829. 

Glabrous  and  glaucous;  stem  rather  stout, 
strict,  6'-2°  high,  leafy.  Leaves  firm,  entire, 
the  lower  and  basal  ones  oblong  or  spatnlate, 
obtuse  or  acute,  narrowed  into  petioles,  the  upper 
sessile  or  clasping,  lanceolate  or  ovate-lanceolate, 
2'-3'  long;  thyrsus  narrow,  sometimes  i-sided, 
usually  leafy-bractcd  below;  pedicels  becoming 
4" -S"  long  in  fruit;  calyx-segments  lanceolate, 
acute,  2"~y  long;  corolla  blue,  9"-io"  long,  its 
tul)c  rather  gradually  dilated,  the  limb  2-lipped; 
sterile  fil  irient  bearded  along  the  dilated  sum- 
mit; capsule  acute,  twice  as  long  as  the  calyx. 

In  dry  soil,  Ni)rtli\vest  Territory  to  Nebraska  and 
Texas,  west  to  OrcRon  and  N\w  Mexico.     May~.\iiK. 


12.    Pentstemon  glaber  Piir.sh. 


Large  Smooth  Beard-tongue.     (Fig.  3258.) 

Penlslenioii  fflaber  Pmah,  Fl.  Am.  Sept.  7,^8.  1814. 
Glabrous,  somewhat  glaucous;  stem  ascenil- 
ing  or  erect,  rather  stout,  leafy,  i^-z"  high. 
Leaves  entire,  firm,  the  basal  and  lower  ones 
narrowed  into  petioles,  the  middle  ones  ob- 
long or  oblong-lanceolate,  acuminate,  sessile, 
the  upper  lanceolate,  acuminate,  sessile, 
scarcely  clasping;  thyrsus  narrow,  elongated, 
densely  many- flowered;  pedicels  y,"-'!"  long 
in  fruit;  calyx  segments  ovate-lanceolate,  scari- 
ous  margined,  abruptly  acuminate,  's"-i,"  lo"K. 
their  margins  commonly  eroded;  corolla  blue 
or  purple,  I'-i^'  long,  rather  abruptly  ex- 
panded above  the  calyx,  the  limb  somewhat  2- 
lippcd,  the  lobes  rouiulcd;  sterile  filament 
bearded  at  the  slightly  enlarged  summit;  cap- 
sule narrowly  ovoid,  acute,  about  twice  as  long 
as  the  calyx. 

In  moist  soi'i,  'iou"i   Dakota  to  Nebraska  and 
Arizona,  west  to  Oregon  aii''  California.    May-.\ug. 


Vor,.  in.] 


I'KIWORT  FAMILY. 


•55 


1814. 
bccnd- 
|hi);l). 
ones 
ts  ob- 
jssile, 
;ssilc, 
;ated, 
long 
I  scar  i- 
1  long, 
blue 
ex- 
tiat  2- 
iiiient 
cap- 
long 

la  and 
Aug. 


13.     Pentstemon    angustifdlius 

Pursh.    Pale-blue  Heard-toiij;ue. 

(IMJJ.   3259-) 

Peiilslrtiion  aiiQin/i/o/ia  I'nrsli,  I'l.  .\in.  Sept. 

7,,S.      1S14.   ■ 
Pfiilsli'niO)i  run  ii/iii.t  Niitt.  Cien.  3:  52.      181H. 

(ilabroits  and  glaucous;  stem  slender, 
erect,  leafy,  6'-i,s'  liigli.  Leaves  all  linear, 
or  linear-lanceolate,  entire,  tlie  lower  nar- 
ro\vc<l  into  jietioles,  obtusisli  at  tlieapex.tlie 
upper  sessile,  acute,  llj'-J^i' long,  i,!j"-2" 
wide;  tbyrsus  narrow,  spikc-likc,  mostly 
dense;  bracts  lanceolate,  ncuniinate;  pedi- 
cels very  short;  calyx-segments  linear-lan- 
ceolate, acuminate,  i"-},"  long;  corolla 
blue,  or  nearly  white,  S"-io'''  long,  the 
tube  uradnally  enlarged,  the  limb  some- 
what 2-lippeil;  sterile  fdanieut  lx;arded  at 
the  summit. 

In  dry  sdil,  western  Nebraska  to  North 
Dakota  and  Montana.     May-July. 


14.    Pentstemon  Hatydeni  S.  Wats. 

Haydeii's  Heard-tongue. 

(Fig.  3260.) 

Peiilsleinon  llaydfiii  S.  Wats.   Hot.  Ca/.  16:  ^ii. 

Glabrous,  not  at  all  glaucous  or  slightly  so; 
stem  decumbent,  simple  or  branched,  leafy, 
i°-2°  high.  Leaves  linear  or  elongated-lan- 
ceolate, entire,  sessile  and  slij.;htly  clasping, 
acute,  acuminate,  or  the  lowest  obtiisish  at  the 
apex,  2'-5'  long,  i"-5"  wide;  thyrsus  nar- 
row, dense;  bracts  ovate  or  ovalc-lanccolate, 
lar^c,  cordate-clasping,  acute,  or  acuminate; 
fruiting  pedicels  2"-3'"  long;  calyx  segments 
lanceolate,  striate-nerved,  acuminate,  t,"-S" 
long;  corolla  blue,  i'  long  or  more,  the  tube 
l)roadly  dilated  above  the  calyx,  the  limb 
nearly  equally  s-lobed;  capsule  acute,  twice 
as  long  as  the  calyx. 

In  moist  soil,  Nebraska,  Kansas  and  Wyoniinp;. 

9.    COLLINSIA  Xiitt.  Joiirn.  Acad.  Phil,  i:  190,  //.  y.       1817. 

Wintcr-ainiual  herbs,  with  opposite  or  verticillatc  leaves,  and  blue  jiink  white  or  varie- 
gated flowers,  verticillatc,  or  so.ilary  in  the  axils.  Calyx  canipanulate,  5-clcft.  Corolla 
irregular,  the  tube  short,  the  limb  2-lip])ed;  upper  lip  2-clcft,  the  lobes  erect  or  recurved; 
lower  lip  Iar);er,  3-lobcd,  the  lateral  lobes  sprradiiig  or  droopiiii;,  flat,  the  middle  one  con- 
duplicate,  keel-like,  enclosing  the  4  declined  stamens  and  the  fdiform  stvle.  Stamens  didy- 
uamous.  Corolla  with  a  gland  on  the  upper  side  of  the  tube  near  the  base.  I'lliments  fdi- 
form; anther-sacs  confluent  at  the  apex.  Stigma  small,  capitate  or  2-lo!)ed.  Capsule  ovoid 
or  globose,  scptiridally  2-valved,  the  valves  2-cleft.  Seeds  few,  large,  peltate  concave  on 
the  inner  side.     [Named  for  Zaccheus  Collins,  botanist,  of  Philadelphia,  1764-1831.] 

About  15  species,  natives  of  North  .\nicrica. 

Corolla  5" -8"  long,  the  throat  shorter  than  tlic  limb. 

Leaves,  at  least  the  lower,  ovati-  or  oblong;  corolla-lobes  notched.  i.  C.  I'eriia. 

Leaves  Umceolate;  coroUa-lobis  obcordate.  2.  C.  :'iolai-ea. 

Corolla  2"-.V'  long,  the  throat  longer  tlian  the  limb.  5.  C.  paixnjjoia. 


I 


156  SCROI'HrK.ARIACIvAi;. 

I.   Collinsia  verna  Nult.     Hlue-eyed  Mary.     Innocence. 

Collin>^ia.     (Imr.  32()i.) 


[Vol..  HI. 
Hruad-lcaved 


C.  iriihi  Null  Jdllili   Af.id    I'liil.  l:  r^'i.  /"/v.    i**!;. 

Cl.iliri)U;i  or  piilicnilfnt;  »teiii  sk-iider,  wcuk, 

U'-i"   Idii),',  simple  or  l)rniu-liiMl.     Leaves  tliiii, 

(i])])()sitc,  llie  lower  liroadly  ov.ilu  or  orbicular, 

ol)luse  at  the  opfx,  rouiidcil,  iiarrowi'd  or  sul)- 

cordate  at  tlie  l)nsc,  crcnate  or  entire,  sleiider- 

pctioled;  miildlc  leaves  sessile  or  cordatc-i'lasp- 

in^,  ovate  or  ohloitj;,  obtuse,  dentate,  I'-j'loiij^, 

lloral  le  ivis  ovate  to  spatulate,   mostly  aeule, 

dentate  or  entire;    upper  whorls    |  'itlowered; 

eoroUa    ()"  s''  loiijr,    its    throat    e(|ualliii)4    or 

shorler  than  the  ealyx,  its  lower  lip  blue,  the 

ujijiei  puride  or  neatly  white,  the  lobes  emargi- 

nate  or  triini-ate;  eapsule  globose,   2'j"-,',"  in 

diameter,  shorter  tluin  the  linear  calyxdobes. 

In  niui'*!  wikuIs  aiiil  tliirkits,  western  Ni w  York 
tip  Wi^eiin-iii.  sniitli  to  I'linisylvania,  KentiK  ky  and 
till-  Indian  Tcnilury.     .Vpril  June. 


a.    Collinsia  violacea  Xtitt.     \iolcl  or 

Xarrow-leaved  ColliiiMa.     ( I'lff.  ,•^262.  ) 
Collinsia  violmeii  Nutt.  'ri.iiis   Am    I'liil.  Sue.  1  IM 

Similar  to  the  prci-ediiiL;  species,  stem  sleiuler, 
erect,  usually  bratiched,  f)'-i5'  hinh  I,eaves 
lanceolate  or  oblonji-lauceol.ite,  rather  thick,  en- 
tire or  denticulite,  obtuse  or  obtusish,  the  lower 
t)p])ositc,  pctioled,  the  mi<ldle  similar,  sessile,  i'- 
2'  long,  3"-,s"  wide,  the  floral  linear  or  linear- 
lanceolate,  op])osilc  or  verticillale;  upper  whorls 
2  ,s-llowered;  corolla  ,s"-6"  lon^;,  violet,  its  lobes 
obcordate  or  emarKimite;  capsule  j^lobosc,  about 
2"  ill  diameter,  shorter  than  the  lanceolate  acute 
calyx-lobes. 

Kansas  (according  to  llolzingiri  and  Arkansas. 


3.    Collinsia   parvifldra   Donf^l. 

Siiiall-nowcrcd  Collinsia. 

(Kig.  3263.) 

Ciilliii.\ia    fiar-ifloiii    DoukI.;    I.indl.    Hot. 

V.isi.   />/.  /.'V.'.  ■     \S2-. 

I'uberulent,  at  lenj;th  dilfusely  branch- 
ed; stems  very  sleinler,  },'  i,s'  lonjj. 
Leaves  oblong  or  lanceolate,  mostly  ob- 
tuse at  the  apex  and  narrowed  at  the  base, 
/4'-''  lonff,  entire,  or  sparinj^ly  toothed, 
the  lower  opposite,  petioled,  the  (loral  ses- 
sile, opposite  or  verticillale;  upper  whorls 
2-6  llowered;  pedicels  commonly  longer 
than  the  flowers;  corolla  2"-3"  long, 
about  twice  as  long  as  the  calyx,  blue  or 
whitish,  the  throat  longer  than  the  limb; 
capsule  globose,  l"-i;^"  in  diameter,  lit- 
tle shorter  than  the  lanceolate  calyx-lol)CS. 

In  moist  places,  Ontario  to  liritish  Colum- 
bia, south  to  MicliiKan,  Colorado,  Ari/.ona 
and  Utah.     .\pril-June. 


} 


v«)i„  in  ] 


I'lCWtiRT   I'AMII.Y. 


157 


Hcil. 


ob- 
base, 
thed, 
1  ses- 
horls 
otixer 
long, 
ue  or 
limb; 
r,  lit- 

lo1)CS. 

oliini- 
rizona 


xo.    PAULOWNIA  Siel).  iS:  Zucc.  l-'l.  Jap.  i:  25.   />/.  /".       18.^5. 

A  iBr^e  tree,  with  tin-  iispi-i-t  of  ( \ilitlf<ii,  with  brosil  opiiosiiM  entire  or  .■^-lobi'ij,  petioleil 
pubescfiit  IcHVi's,  nnii  liirxc  violet  nf)wers  in  tertniniil  ]):iiiiflt's.  Calyx  ili't-ply  ,s  cli-fl,  tlic 
liitiis  short.  Corolla  irri-^juliir,  the  tiihe  elonfjnleil,  ciilart^fd  .ibove,  the  5  lobes  s])reH(liiit;, 
somewhat  une<|iial.  Stamens  4,  iliilynainoiis,  inchuU'iJ;  nnthcr-sics  divarii-ate.  Style 
slender,  slightly  tliii-kened  toward  the  snnitnit,  stJHniatio  on  the  inner  side.  Ca])-iule  coria- 
ceous, ovoid,  aente,  locnlicidally  dehiscent.  Seeds  nutnerouD,  Rtriatc,  winded,  {''lowers  cx- 
jjandinn  before  the  leaves  appear.  [Named  lor  Anna 
Taulowna,  daughter  of  the  C/.ar  I'aul  I.] 

\  nKiiiolypic  Japanese  Henns. 

1.    Paulownia  tomentdsa  (Thunb. )  Haill. 
I'.alowiiia.     (Fig.  3264.) 

Hi);  mm  id  /oiinii/oui  Thiuili.  I'l.  jap.  2,S2.      17^4. 

I'liiiliiu  iiiii  hiipi  I  Ill/is  Siel).  iS:  Zucc.  I'l.  Jap.  1:  27.      i8<,s. 

I'aul, lu  Ilia  loiiieiitosa  Ilaill.  Hist.  I'l.  9:  |,vt.       '•'*«^- 

A  tree  with  thin  flaky  bark,  reachinK  a  maximum 
height  of  abont  70°  and  a  trunk  diameter  of  4°,  the 
liranchcs  stont,  .spreading.  Leaves  broailly  ovale,  i^'- 
\-i'  lonjj,  4'-,S'  wide,  lonK-pelioled,  eanescent  on  both 
sides  when  younj;,  glabratc  above  when  olil,  the  peti- 
oles terete;  flowers  abont  2|4'  lonj;.  numerons  in  large 
erect  terminal  panicles;  pedicels  stout,  densely  tomen- 
tose;  calyx  5-lobcd,  the  lobes  thick,  lomentose;  co- 
rolla sligiitly  irrexular,  puberulent  without;  capsule  2' 
hinh,  1'  in  diameter. 

ICscaped  from  cultivation  in  southern  New  York  and 
New  Jersey  and  in  Ihe  soutliern  States.     May-July. 

II.  MIMULUS  L.  Sp.  PI.  634.  1753. 
Erect  or  decumbent  herbs,  with  opposite  mostly  dentate  leaves.  Flowers  axillary,  soli- 
tary, peduncled,  jiink,  violet,  or  yellow,  usually  showy.  Calyx  prismatic,  s-an^led,  .s-toothed, 
tlie  upper  tooth  usually  the  largest.  Corolla  irregular,  its  tube  cylindric  with  a  pair  of 
tiilxes  on  the  lower  side  within,  its  limb  2-lippcd;  upper  lip  erect  or  rellcxed,  2dobcd;  lower 
lip  spreatlin^,  3-lobed,  the  lobes  rounded.  Stamens  4,  didynamous,  inserted  on  the  corolla- 
tube;  anther-sacs  divergent,  or  sometimes  confluent  at  the  summit.  Style  filiform;  stigma 
2-lamellate.  Capsule  oblong  or  linear,  loculiridally  dehiscent,  many-seeded,  enclosed  by 
the  calyx.     [Diminutive  of  iiiiiiiiis,  a  mimic  actor.] 

.\l)c)ut  .^o  species,  natives  of   America.     Hesides  the  following,  sonic  2n  others  occur  in  the 
western  I'nited  Slates  and  Ilritisli  Columbia. 
Coriilla  violet,  or  rarely  white;  eastern  species. 

Leaves  sessde,  clasijiuK:  peduncles  iDM^er  tlian  the  c.ilyx. 

Leaves  pelioled;  peduncles  sliiirler  than  the  calyx. 
Corolla  yellow;  western;  two  species  advenlive  in  the  llast. 

I'larits  glabrous  or  (jlalirate. 

ICveet;  hranelies  s|)re.ulinK;  leaves  ov.ite;  flowers  i'  long. 
DilTuse;  leaves  nearly  orbicular;  flowers  about  (V  long. 

Plant  villous  and  viscid,  dilTuse,  musk  scented. 


1.  .If.  riiigrns. 

2.  .U.  alalus. 


T,.  .tf.  is^ullatiia. 

4.  .'/.  Jaiiii'sii. 

5.  ^f.  iinisiiialiis 


I.   Mimulus  ringens  L.     .Square-.siemtiied 
Monkey-flower.     (I'ig.  ,1265.) 

Jfiiiiii/iis  I  iiij;fii\  L.  .Sp.  IM.  bT,\.      1753. 

Glabrous,  perennial  by  roolstocks;  stem  erect,  4- 
sided  or  somewhat  4-winged,  usually  much  branch- 
ed, i°-3°  high.  Leaves  oblong,  lanceolate,  or  ob- 
long-lanceolate, pinnalely  veined,  acuminate  or 
acute  at  apex,  serrate,  auriculale-clasping  at  the 
base,  or  the  lower  merely  sessile,  2'-4'  long,  'i'-l' 
wide  ;  peduncles  slender,  i'-2'  long  in  fruit,  2-4 
limes  as  long  as  the  calyx;  calyx-teeth  lanccolate- 
.  subulate;  corolla  violet,  rarely  white,  about  i' long, 
the  throat  narrow,  cxceediii;;  the  calyx,  the  lower 
lip  puberulent  within  at  Ihc  base;  fruiting  calyx  ob- 
long, 6"-S"  long;  seeds  obloag,  minute,  slightly 
reticulated. 

In  swamps  and  along  streams.  Nova  Scotia  to  Vir- 
ginia, Tennessee,  Manitoba,  Nebraska  and  Texas.  As- 
cends to  vioo  ft.  in  Virginia.    June-Sept. 


I 


■■I 


scRorin  i.ARiAci'Ai': 


[Vor,,  III. 


3,  Mimulus  guttatus  DC    Yellow 
Monkey- llower.     (  Imk-  3*''7-) 

Mimulus  eulliitns  DC.   C:il.   llort.   SIdiisJ). 
127.      181.S. 

rereniUHl  l)y  stolons,  gliil)rous  or  pu1)cr- 

uletit;  stem  rutlier  stout,  simple  or  liraiicli- 

ed;  l)rimchcs  spreiuliiij;.     I<cnves  ovate  to 

obovate,  ilcntate  or  dentii'iilate,  obtuse  ftt 

the  apex,  rounded,  narrowed  or  cordate  at 

the  base,  1'-;/  Ion).;,  ilie  lower  shortpeli- 

oled,  the  upper  smaller,  sessile  orclaspiuj;; 

peduncles  shorter  than  or  equallinj^  the 

flowers;  calyx  ol)li(|ue;  corolla  yellow,  l'- 

2'  Ion),',  the  lower  lip  bearded  at  the  base, 

often  blotched  with  red  or  purple;  fruiting 

calyx  about  '/i'  long;  seeds  longitudinally 

striate. 

In  wet  meadows,  Norfolk.  Ciinii.  and  soutli- 
em  New  York.  Introduced  from  California. 
Summer. 


3.    Mimulus  alatus  Solami.     Slmrp- 

winntd  .Monkey  lldwtr.   (  l-'i^.  .V''6' ) 

Miitiiilii^  (i/,i/n^  .Suland.  in  .\il.  llntl,  Kew.  1:361. 

Similar  to  the  piecedin^  s|)eiic>i,  ulibrous; 
stem  sharply  .l-an>;led,  the  annles  more  or  less 
winged.  Leaves  ovate,  ovate  lanceolate,  or  «>b- 
long,  acute  or  acuminate  at  the  apex,  dentate- 
serrate,  narrowed  at  the  base,  prtioled.  j'-  .s' 
long,  (»"  i.S"  wide;  petioles  ,'4'  1'  long,  nar- 
rowly nuirgined;  peduncles  stout,  shorter  than 
the  calyx;  corolla  violet,  about  1'  long;  calyx- 
teeth  short,  broad,  abruptly  mucronulate;  seeds 
smooth. 

In  swamps,  C"iimcticiit  to  Illiunis,  south  to 
t'ltiiiKia  and  Tt  xas.     Juiu-  Sept. 


c>n 


4.    Mimulus  Jamesii  T.  &  G.     James' 
Mimulii.s.     (Fig.  3268.) 

Afimulus  faniesii  T.  iS:  G.;  Bintli.  in  DC.  Prodr.  10: 
371,      1846. 

Perennial  by  stolons,  glabrous  or  nearly  so; 
stems  slender,  creeping,  dillusely  branched,  root- 
ing at  tht  node.s,  6'-i8'  long.  Leaves  broadly 
ovate,  orbicular  or  broader,  very  obtuse,  denticu- 
late or  entire,  mcmbranous,trnncatc,  subcordate, 
or  rarely  narrowed  at  the  base,  palniatcly  veined, 
short-pctioled  or  the  upper  sessile,  ]^'-i'  in  di- 
ameter; peduncles  slender,  longer  than  the  calyx 
in  fruit;  calyx  oblitjue,  scarcely  toothed,  i"-^" 
long  at  maturity;  corolla  yellow,  4"-6"  long, 
the  lower  lip  bearded  at  the  base  within,  the 
throat  broad;  seeds  nearly  smooth. 

In  brooks  and  swamps,  Ontario  to  Nebraska  and 
Mexico,  west  to  Montana  and  Arizona.  May  per- 
haps include  two  species.    June-Sept. 


T 


III. 


Vol..  III. 


I'IC.WORT   lA.MILY. 


«59 


./''/ 


:alyx 

long, 
the 

.  and 
■  per- 


Mitnulus  mosch^tus  Doii^t 


Mu^k-llowtr.     Mii?-k-plain.     ( Fi^;.  ,^2^)9.) 

iil,)u/iii/ii\    |1(HH(1  ;    I.JtiiU.    licit.    l<i«     />f.    lllS. 


Ml  III  III II 

IVrcniiiiit,  villoiH-|)iil)e!<ciMit,  vinciil,  nuiHk-<*ccnlv(l; 

»tcnis  cri-PiiiiiK  mid  iiHcvinlinK,  lirancliiMl,  sli'iidcr,  '1' 

1  i'  loiiK-    I.eavi's  ovali'  or  ohloii;;,  slii)rtj)etii  li-d,  ai'ute 

or  oUliisp  at  llic  api'.x,  tifiiticiilatr.  roumlfd  nr  rmIh  or- 

(lalf  at  llie  \r\*v,  \' -2'  ImiK,  s"-ii"  wide;  pcduii   '•  .h 

blender,  loiini-r  tliaii  tlie  cal.,  .<;  Ilowcrs  1 '  long  cir  lots; 

calvx-lcctli  latiri-olalc,  amminatf;  corolla  \cllow,   '-3 

tiiiii'H  as  long  as  tliv  calyx. 

Fil  wit  liliiccs,  I.niust  V:ill<y,  I.diiK  Isliiiid:  Middli- 
C.iiiVi,  .S.iratui^a  C"  ,  N  V.;  Alma,  N  II  1  aiciircliuu  to 
M.niitin).     .Vdvitilivr  licitii  till.'  Paiilii- Coast.    June  St'ia. 


12.  CONOBEA  Auhl.  IM.  Cuiaii.  2.  (.39. 
M  -b-'V.  1775- 
lleilw,  with  opjjosite  pinnately  parlcil  piiinatind 
incised  or  strrate  Icavts,  and  small  blue  or  wliite 
pi'duncled  flowers,  solitary  or  two  together  in  the  axils.  Calyx  s-parted,  the  segments 
narrow,  ecpial.  Ccroll"  irregular,  the  tnlie  c>lindric,  the  lim'i  ^dipped;  upper  lip  emar- 
ginate  or  jdotied;  lower  lip.^dohed.  Stamens  4,  <1idynatnous,  ascending,  included;  (ilainents 
filiforni;  anther-sacs  parallel,  not  continent.  Style  incurved  at  the  summit;  stigma  i-'uiinel- 
late.  Capsule  gloliose,  ohlong  or  linear,  seplicidally  dehiscent,  the  valves  entire  r  2-clcft. 
Seeds  numerous,  ohlong,  striate,     [(fuiana  name.  J 

.AliiiiitS  species,  natives  of  .Vnitrica.  Itesides  the  I'oUuiving,  nnullier  occurs  in  the  soiUluvestein 
I'nited  Slates. 

1.    Conobea  multifida  (Miclix.)  IJeiitli. 

Coiiobea.      (Fig.  ^,270.  ) 

Cnf'iai  in  iiiiillifida  Michx.  l-'l.  llnr.  Am.  2:  22.  f>l.  ,s-. 

Il-o,? 

Coiiohia  iiiiillifiilii  Iltntli.  in  DC.  I'mdi.  10:391.     1.H46. 

Annual,  linely  viscid-puhescent;  stem  at  length 
diirusely  hranched,  .\'-h'  high,  very  leafy.  Leaves 
pelitded,  ]i'-i'  long,  pinnately  parted  into  3-7 
linear  or  linear-ohlong  obtuse  entire  or  incised  seg- 
ments; flowers  greenish- white,  2"-2l2"  long, 
mostly  solitary  in  the  opposite  axils,  abont  as  long 
as  their  tilirorin  peduncles;  calyx-segments  linear- 
subulate,  slightly  shorter  than  the  corolla;  capsule 
narrowly  ovoid,  glabrous,  about  equalling  the 
calyx;  seeds  longitudinally  striate. 

AlotiK  streams  and  rivers,  Ohio  to  Iowa  and  Kansas, 
south  to  Kentucky  and  Tcias.  Introduced  aloiij;  the 
Delaware  below  I'hiladelphia.    June  Sept. 

13.    MONNIERA  P.  Ik.  Civ.  &  Nat.  Hi.st.  Jam.  269.    />/.  jS.  /.  j.      1755, 
[HiiKi'KSTi.s  Oacrtn.  Kruct.  &  Scin.  3:  1.S6.  />/.  .'/./.     1S05.  J 

Erect  diffuse  or  prostrate  herbs,  with  opposite  entire  serrate,  or,  in  some  aquatic  species, 
dissected  leaves,  and  small  yellow  blue  white  or  variegated  pedunclcd  flowers,  mostly  soli- 
tary in  the  axils.  Calyx  5-parted,  the  ujiper  segment  the  broadest.  Corolla  irregular  or 
nearly  regular,  the  tube  cylindric,  the  lind)  more  or  less  alipped;  upper  lip  2-lobed;  lower 
lip  3-lobed.  Stamens  4,  didynamous,  included;  anther-sacs  parallel  or  divergent.  vStyle 
slender;  stigma  capitate,  or  2-loljcd.  Capsule  globose  or  ovoid,  seplicidally  or  loculicidally 
dehiscent.  Seeds  numerous.  [Named  for  Louis  Guillaume  Ic  Monnier,  1713-1799,  professor 
of  botany  in  the  Jardin  du  Roi,  Paris.] 

About  60  species,  natives  of  warm  and  tro])ical  region  <.  In  addition  to  the  followinff,  2  others 
occur  in  the  southern  I'nited  St.ates. 

Corolla  almost  regular,  5-lobed;  leaves  spatulate.  1.  M.  Monnicra. 

Corolla  manifestly  2-lipped. 

Stem  erect;  leaves  serrate,  not  cl.asping,  black  in  drying.  2.  M.  acuminata. 

Stem  creeping  or  ascending;  leaves  eiUire  or  crenulate,  clasping. 

Leaves  ovate,  punctate.  3.  Sf.  Caroliniana. 

Leaves  obovate  or  orbicular,  not  punctate.  4.  ^f.  rolundifolia. 


• 


i6o 


SCROI'IIl'LARIACIiAi:. 


[Vol..  III. 


I.   Monniera  Monniera  (L,. )  Britton 


Monnier's Hedge-Hyssop,   (l-ig.  3271.) 

(,'ialiolii  Mtiiiitiiiii  I..  Cent.  I'l.  J:  175') 
l.i»ws<-lla mlychia  I'orsk  l'"l  .\\\\i  Aral).  112.  1775. 
Jli  I  ftiwlisdiiiii/i'lia  I'ursli.  I'l.  .\iii  Si  pt.  41S.  1M4. 
lift  pislis  Mini  nil  111  H  U.K.  Niiv  (kii.  2:.i()6.  1K17. 
M,  A/i'iiiiiiiti  liritlon,  Mini.Torr.  Club,  5;  :?t)2.  iS<i(. 
IVrcnnial,  glabrous,  (It.sliy;  stem  creeping, 
rooting  at  the  nodes,  htaiiched,  6'-iS'  long. 
Leaves  spatnlate  or  cuneate-oljcordale,  sessile, 
rounded  at  the  apex,  entire,  or  sparingly  den- 
ticulate, 3"-io"  long,  i"-2'2"  wide;  peduncles 
mainly  in  alternate  axils,  slender,  2-l)ractcolate 
at  the  summit,  in  fruit  I'/Uger  than  the  leaves; 
flowers  pale  blue,  about  5"  long;  upper  caly.x- 
scgment  ovale,  acute;  corolla  obscurely  2- 
lipped;  stamens  nearly  ecpial;  stigma  slightly 
2-lol)cd;  capsule  ovoid,  acute,  shorter  than  the 
calyx. 

On  shores,  near  the  coast,  Maryland  to  Florida, 
Texas  and  Mexico,  Widely  distributed  in  tr<)i)ical 
reuions  of  both  the  Old  World  and  the  New,  June- 
(.)ct. 

2.  Monniera  acuminata  (Walt. )  Kunt'.e.   Purple  Hedge- Hyssop.  (Fig.  3272.) 

Grnliola  aiiniiiiialn  Walt.  Fl.  Car.  6i,      1788, 
.Ifii/oiirea   iiii;ifsifiis  ^cnth,  Comp.  Dot.  Mag.  i. 

17,1-      i.^iS.' 
Ileipisln  iiisiieiceiis  licnth,  Comp.  Bot.  Mag,  2:  56, 

1836. 
M.  acuminata  Kuntzc,  R  v.  Gen,  PI,  463.     1891, 

Perennial,  flabrons;  stem  erect,  branched 
above,  i°-2°  high,  very  leafy.  Leaves  oblong  or 
oblong  lanceolate,  sc.rate,  at  least  above  the 
middle,  short-pelioled  or  sessile,  obtuse  or  acute 
at  the  apex,  narrowed  or  somewhat  cuncate  at 
the  base,  i '-2'  long,  faintly  veined;  peduncles 
in  alternate  and  opposite  axils,  ascending,  in 
fruit  longer  than  the  leaves,  not  bracteolate  at 
the  summit;  flowers  5"-6"  long,  purple;  upper 
calyx-segment  lanceolate,  acute;  corolla  2- 
lipped,  the  lower  'ip  longer  than  the  upper;  sta- 
mens approximate  in  pairs;  capsule  oblong,  4- 
valved,  j"-4"  high,  about  eqiialling  the  calyx. 

In  wi'l  siiil,  Maryland  to  Florida  and  Texas,  near 
the  coist,     IMaTit  blackening  in  drying,     Junc-.Sc])!, 


3.  Monniera  Caroliniana  (Walt,)  Ktiiitze. 

Hltio  Hedge-Hys.sop.     (Fig.  3273,) 

Ohi<laria  Caioliiiiaiiii  Walt   Fl.  Car.  \«^.     I7.><S, 
Af.  aiii/>/i-ui\iii/is  ^lich    .  I'l.  Hor.  .\ni    2;  22.      1S03. 
///•I  /tntiuiiii/i/i  >  itaii/isVxn^h.  I'l.  Am.  Sept.  418.  1814. 
il/.  Cm  0/1  Ilia  nil  Kunt/e,  Rev.  Cien,  I'l.  4(13.     iSiii, 

Perennial  by  stolons,  more  or  less  pubescent, 
fleshy;  stems  creeping  and  ascending,  rooting  at 
the  lower  nodes,  6'-2°  long,  simple,  or  sparingly 
branched,  leafy.  Leaves  ovate  to  oval,  sessile  and 
clasping  by  a  snbcordate  base,  obtuse  at  the  apex, 
parallel-veined,  punctate,  entire,  the  margins  cilio- 
late  or  naked;  peduncles  shorter  than  the  leaves; 
usually  shorter  than  the  calyx;  upper  calyx-seg- 
ment ovate,  coroate;  flowers  bine,  4"-5"  long,  eph- 
emeral; disk  io-12-toothed;  stamens  approxim  .te 
in  pairs. 

In  wet  pine  b,-"ctis,  New  Jersey  to  I'lnrida  and 
Louisiana. 


<^^''^i 


Vol.  III.] 


FIGWORT  FAMILY. 


i6l 


4.  Monniera  rotundifdlia  Miclix.     Rouiul-leaved  Hedge-Hyssop.   (Fig.  3274.) 


Mitiiiiieia  loluiidifolia  Miclix.  Fl.  Ilor.  Am.  a: 

22.       iSo_5. 
Ifii  fteslii  lolundifolia  1  ursli,  Fl.  Am.  Sent.  418. 

iSi.,. 

rcrennial  by  stolons,  succulent;  stems 
creeping  and  spreading,  branched  or  simple, 
villous-pubesceiit,  i°-2°  long.  Leaves  obo- 
vate  or  orbicular,  palmately  veined,  entire, 
or  slightly  un<lulate.  narrowed  to  a  sessile  or 
clasping  base,  Ji'-''  "road,  glabrous,  not 
punctate;  peduncles  -tout,  shorter  than  the 
leaves,  solitary  or  2  tcgether  in  the  axils, 
longer  than  the  (lowers;  flowers  blue,  3"-4" 
long;  upper  caly.\-segmcnt  oval;  corolla  2- 
lipped,  longer  than  the  calyx;  stamens  ap- 
proximate in  pairs;  stigma  2-lobed;  disk  ob- 
solete; capsule  oblong,  obtuse,  I'j"  high, 
at  length  4-valvcd,  shorter  than  the  calyx. 

On  nuuldy  slum-';,  Illinois  lo  N'lliraska,  south 
ti)  Tennessee  and  Texas.  Also  in  Calilornia  (?) 
June-  St  pt. 


14.   GRATIOLA  L.  Sp.  PI.  17. 


:753- 


G.  J'ii i;iiiiaiia. 
(/.  splmt-ioiiirpa. 


I'Irect  or  dilTuse  glabrous  gl.mdular-pnbcscent  or  hirsute  herbs,  with  opjiosite  entire  or 
dentate  leaves,  and  yellow  or  wbilisli  peduncled  llowcrs  solitary  in  the  axils.  I'cduncles 
2-bracteolate  at  the  suiinnit  in  the  fdUnwing  species.  Calyx  ,spartcd,  the  .scgnicnts  narrow, 
slightly  une(|iial.  CoroU.i  irregular,  its  tube  cylindric,  its  limb  more  or  less  2-lippcd;  upper 
lip  entire,  emarginate,  or  2-clert;  lower  lip  ,^-lobed.  I'crlect  stamens  2,  the  anterior  pair 
wanting,  or  represented  by  rudiments;  lll.imeiits  hliform;  anther-sacs  distinct,  transverse 
aiul  separated  by  a  broad  connective,  or  |)arallel  and  contiguous.  Style  lllifoim;  stigma  di- 
lated, slightly  2-lol)ed.  Capsule  locnlici  lally  and  seiiticidally  dehiscent,  ovoid  or  globose, 
4-valvcd.  Seeds  numerous,  lonyituiliually  ami  transversely  striate.  [Latin,  grace  oi  favor, 
from  its  reputed  healing  properties.] 

.\b()\il  2,i  species,  of  wide  ^jeottrapliii'  distrilmtinn  in  ti  tnpcralc  and  waiiu  riKioiis.  Hosides  the 
followitiif.  some  7  ntliers  occur  in  soiulurn  and  western  Nutlli  .America. 

Plants  glabrous  or  jrlatulular;  anllier-sacs  transverse,  separated. 
.Sterile  lilaments  minute  or  none. 

("■lanilular  puberulenl;  (lowers  |"-,V'  b'Utf;  capsule  ovoid. 
Clabrous;  (lowers  7"  lonjf;  e.ipsule  nlobo-ie. 
Sterile  filaments  2,  slvmler,  c.ipitale  at  tlie  siimmtt. 
Leaves  lanceolate,  entire  or  remotely  denticulate. 
Leaves  ovate  or  oblong,  sharply  serrate. 
Plant  hirsute;  anther-sacs  parallel,  contiguous. 

I.    Gratiola  Virginiana  L,.      Claniiny 
Hedge- Hyssop.     (Kig.  3275.) 

<7ia/itt/<t  riii;iiiiitiia  I,.  ,Sp.  IM.  17.       17?.;. 

Aininal;  stem  erect,  at  length  widely  branch- 
ed, glandular  imbernlent,  at  least  above,  ,V-\2' 
high.  J, eaves  oblong  or  oblong-lanceolate,  ses- 
sile, narrowed  to  both  ends,  denticulate,  i'-2' 
long,  2"-5"  wide,  glabrous  or  iiearlj- so;  peMlnii- 
cles  slender,  glandular,  shorter  than  orctpi.-dling 
the  leaves;  flowers 4"-5" long;  braetlctsaslong 
as  the  calyx,  or  longer;  calyx  about  one-half  as 
long  as  the  yellowish  corolla-tube;  limb  of  the 
corolla  short,  white;  sterile  filaments  minute  or 
none;  anthcr-sars  transverse,  separated  by  a 
broad  connective;  capsule  broadly  ovoid,  2" 
liigh,  as  long  as  the  calyx. 

In  vvet  places,  yuebec  to  Hritish  Columbia,  south 
to  Florida,  Texas  and  California.  .Ascends  to  ,vxkj 
ft.  in  Virginia.     May-Oct. 

It 


■^  J. -.■ptj^w^w  If  iw^V^ii-!-^*" '***''■■■■''•,    '^^^"^^^ 


SCROPHULARIAClvAE. 


[Vot.  III. 


2.  Gratiola  sphaerocarpa  VM.    Round- 
fruited  Hedge  Hyssop.    (Fig.  3276.) 

Graliiila  sphaoocaipa  liU.  Hot.  S.  C.  &  da.  i:  14. 
1816. 

Annual,  glabrous;  stem  ascending,  or  erect, 
rntlier  stout,  simple,  or  branched,  b'-\2'  high. 
Leaves  oblong  or  obovate-oblong,  sessile,  den- 
tate or  denticulate,  3-5-nervcd,  acute  or  obtusisli 
at  the  apex,  narrowed  at  the  base,  i'-2'long,  3"- 
S"  wide;  peduncles  stout,  little  or  not  at  all  lon- 
ger than  the  calyx;  bractlets  about  etiualling  the 
calyx;  calyx-lobes  linear;  calyx  nearly  one- 
half  as  long  as  the  corolla;  flowers  about  7"  lon^ ; 
corolla-tube  yellow,  the  limb  paler;  auther-sacs 
broad,  transverse;  sterile  filaments  wanting;  cap- 
sule globose,  3"  in  diameter. 

In  wet  places,  southern  New  Jersey  to  Florida, 
west  to  Illinois,  Texas  and  Mexico.    June-Sept. 


3.  Gratiola  aijrea  Muhl.    Goldenpert. 

Golden  Hedge-Hyssop.   (Fig.  3277. ) 


Gratiola  aurea  Muhl.  Cat.  2. 


iSi.v 


Annual,  glandular- puberulent.above,  orgla- 
brate;  stems  decumbent,  creeping  or  ascend- 
ing, simple  or  branched,  4'-i2'  long,  some- 
what 4-sided.  Leaves  lanceolate,  Yz'-i'  long. 
\"-i,"  wide,  sparingly  denticulate,  scarcely 
narrowed  to  the  sessile  and  somewhat  clasp- 
ing base;  peduncles  filiform,  in  fruit  equalling 
or  longer  than  the  calyx;  corolla  bright  yel- 
low, i>"-~"  long,  3  times  as  long  as  the  calyx; 
sterile  filaments  2,  capitate  at  the  summit;  an- 
ther-sacs of  the  fertile  stamens  broad,  trans- 
verse; capsule  globose-ovoid,  shorter  than  or 
equalling  the  calyx. 

In  sandy  wet  places,  Quebec  and  Ontario  to 
New  Jersey  ;i.id  Florida.    June  Sept. 


4.    Gratiola  viscosa  Sclnvein.     Viscid 
Hedge-Hyssop.     (Fig.  3278.) 

Gralwla  zisrosa  Schwein.;   LeConte,  Ann.   Lye. 
N.  Y.  l;   i(i6.       1S23. 

Annual;  stem  weak,  finely  viscid-pubescent, 
slender,  commonly  simple,  6'-iS''  long. 
Leaves  ovale,  ovate-oblong,  or  ovate-lanceolate, 
sharply  serrate,  acute  at  the  apex,  sessile,  cor- 
date-claspii!g  at  the  base,  yi'-i'  long;  pedun- 
cles slender,  shorter  than  or  exceeding  the 
leaves;  bractlets  and  calyx-segments  foliaceous, 
entire  or  dentate,  one-third  to  one-half  as  long 
as  the  yellow  or  purplish  corolla;  flowers  5"- 
6"  long;  sterile  filaments  2,  capitate  at  the  sum- 
mit; anther-sacs  of  the  fertile  stamens  trans- 
verse,  separated  by  the  broad  connective;  cap- 
sule subglobose,  shorter  than  the  calyx. 

Ill  brooks  and  swamps,  Kentucky  to  CiCorRia 
and  Nortli  Carolina,  in  and  near  the  mountains. 
May-Sept. 


FIGWORT  FAMILY 


163 

5.    Gratiola  pildsa  Michx.       Hairy 
I  ledge- Hyssop.     (Fig.  3279.) 


Graliola  pilosa  Miclix.  I'l.  Bor.  Am.  i:  7. 


1803. 


rereni.ial  (?),  hirsute;  stems  slender,  erect, 
strict,  simple,  or  branched,  6'-2°  high.  Leaves 
ovate  or  ovflte-lanceolatc,  dentate  or  denticulate, 
sessile,  acute  or  obtusish  at  the  apex,  rounded, 
truncate  or  subcordate  at  the  base,  yi'-i'  long; 
flowers  nearly  or  quite  sessile,  commonly  nu- 
merous, about  4"  long;  corolla  purplish  or 
white,  slightly  longer  than  the  caljx  and  bract- 
lets;  sterile  filaments  2,  capitate  at  the  summit; 
anther-sacs  of  the  fertile  stamens  parallel,  con- 
tiguous; capsule  oblong-conic,  acuminate,  about 
the  length  of  the  calyx,  or  shorter. 

In  dry  soil,  southern  New  Jcrst-y  to  Arkansas  and 
Texas.     JIay-Aug. 


15.    ILYSANTHES  Raf.  Ann.  Xat.  13.       1820. 

Annual  or  biennial  glabrous  slender  branching  herbs,  with  opposite,  mostly  dentate  and 
sessile  leaves,  and  small  purplish  pcduncled  flowers  solitary  in  the  axils.  Peduncles  not 
bracteolate.  Calyx  5-parted,  the  segments  linear.  Corolla  irregular,  the  tube  somewhat  ex- 
panded above,  the  limb  2-Hpped;  upper  lip  2-cleft,  erect;  lower  lip  larger,  3-lobed,  spread- 
ing. Fertile  stamens  2,  included,  their  anther-sacs  divergent;  sterile  stamens  2,  2-lobed, 
one  of  the  lobes  capitate,  glandular,  the  other  glabrous,  shorter.  Style  slender;  stigma 
slightly  2-lobed.  Capsule  oblong  or  ovoid,  septicidally  dehiscent.  Seeds  numerous, 
■wrinkled.     [Greek,  nuul-flower.  ] 

About  ID  species,  of  wide  frengraphic  distribution.  Besides  the  followingf,  2  or  3  others  occur 
in  the  southeastern  I'nited  St.ites. 

Peduncles  lonpcr  llian  the  leaves;  calyx  seRments  shorter  than  the  capsule.  i.  /.  jjralioloides. 

Peduncles  shorter  than  the  leaves;  caiyx-segnients  mostly  as  long  as  the  capsule,  or  longer. 

2.  /.  alien  iiala. 

I.    Ilysanthes  gratioloides  (L.)  Benth.      Long-stalked  False  Pimpernel. 

(Fig.  3280.) 

Cafiiariii gialiohiides  I...Sp.  PI.  Kd.2,  S;6.  1763. 
I/j'sanl/irx  >-i/>aria  Kaf.  .^nn.  Nat.  13.      1820. 
Ilysanlliesffralioloidfs  Bentli.  in  DC.  Prodr.  10: 
419.      iS.|6. 

Stem  slender,  mostly  erect,  at  length  dif- 
fusely branched,  s'-S'  long.  Leaves  ovate, 
ovate-oblong,  or  the  lower  obovate,  sessile, 
or  slightly  clasping  at  the  base,  remotely 
denticulate  or  entire,  obtuse  or  acutish  at 
the  apex,  thickish,  3-7-nerved,  ^^'-I'long, 
the  upper  ones  commonly  much  smaller; 
peduncles  slender,  considerably  exceeding 
the  leaves;  flowers  y'-^"  long;  calyx-scg- 
mcnts  linear,  about  one-half  the  length  of 
the  corolla,  shorter  than  the  capsule;  cap- 
sule narrowly  ovoid-oblong,  bluntish,2"-3''' 
high;  seeds  i"  long,  reddish,  the  ends  usu- 
ally truncate. 

In  wet  places.  New  Kngland  to  Florida,  west 
to  Ontario,  Minnesota  and  Texas.  Also  on  the 
Pacific  Coast.  Said  to  occur  in  northeastern 
Asia,  in  South  America,  and  to  be  naturalized 
in  ICurope.  Lower  leaves  souietinics  short  peti- 
oled.     July-Sept. 


I 


■>  1  "'■.W.-»^V>»^W 


vSCROl'IUKARIACHAE. 


[Vol.  III. 


2.  Ilysanthes  attenuata  (Miihl.)  Siimll. 

Short-stalked  I''alse  Pimpernel. 

(I'iK.  3281.) 

I.indonia  allfininia  Miilil.  Cat.  ,<jO-      'Si.l- 
//\\iiii//ifs  i;i(ilioliiidfs  (iirliptdiiellala  Hush,  Hull. 

Torr.  Clrb,  21    .191.       iS<)(. 
/.  allenuala  Siiiall,  Hull.  Torr.  Club,  23:  297.     1896. 

.Stfiii  erect  or  asccndiiin;,  3'- 16'  lotiK,  the 
Iiraiiclies  spreading.  I.eave.s  oMoiig  to  ovate,  or 
soiiietinies  ohovate,  yi'-i'/i'  long,  thiiinish,  ob- 
tuse, serrate  with  a  few  low  teeth,  ^-s-nerved,  nar- 
rowed into  short  j)etioles,  or  sessile;  peduncles 
shorter  than  the  leaves;  calyx-segments  linear- 
suhulate,  as  Ion}{  as  the  capsule,  or  lonfjer;  cor- 
olla 2"  6"  loufj;  capsule  narrowly  ovoid,  about 
2"  loiifj,  pointed;  seeds  slij;htly  curved,  i/2"-2''' 
long,  yellowish  brown,  the  ends  usually  rounded. 

Ill  wit  places,  Maine  and  Ontario  to  Wisconsin, 
south  lo  I'lorid.i  ami  Missouri.  Ascends  to  2oi*>  ft. 
in  Virginia.     May  I  )cl. 

16.    MICRANTHEMUM  Michx.  Fl.  IJor.  Am.  i:  10.   />/.  rj.       1S03. 

Creeping  or  ascendin;.;,  branched  small  leafy  annual  gl.ibrous  herbs,  with  opposite  obo- 
vate  oval  or  orbicular  sessile  <  'tire  leaves,  and  minute  white  or  purjilish  short-pedniuled 
flowers,  solitary  in  the  a.vils.  Caly.x  4-5  lobed  or  4-5-parlcd.  Corolla  very  irregular,  the 
lube  short,  the  upper  li|)  shorter  than  the  lower,  or  wanting,  the  lower  .^-lobed,  sprea<lingor 
a.scendiiig,  the  middle  lobe  the  largest.  Slameiis  2,  anterior;  filaments  short,  somewhat 
dil.ateil  or  appendaged  at  the  base;  anthers  small,  their  sacs  distinct,  ])arallel,  or  slightly 
divergent.  St\le  short;  stigma  2lobcil.  Capsule  globose,  2-cclled  by  a  membranous  parti- 
tion or  becoming  i-celled.     .Seeds  numerons,  minute.     [Creek,  small  llowcr.] 

About  16  species,  natives  of  America.  Iksidcs  the  foUowinj;.  another  occurs  in  the  sonlhcril 
I'liitcd  States. 

I.    Micranthemum  micranthemoides  (Xutt.)  Wettst.     Xiittall'.s  Micran- 

tlieimim.      (  Fi^.  3^^^-.) 

/ffmi(iii//iii.si>ii(ia>i//ieiiii>ii/tsS\M.  Jotirn.  .Acad.  I'hil. 

I:  119     />/.  6.       1S17. 
Miciaiillinnuni  .\'H//(;////.\.Ciray,M  111   l/l.  s.  .lU-  1^07. 
Atiiraiillirniinii  iiiii  laiit/u-nmiiti-i  Wettst.  in   iCntjl.  >t 

I'rantl.  .Nat.  I'd.  I'ani.  4:  Abt.  .^b.  77.      iS()i. 

Sotiiewliat  fleshy;  stem  filiform,  creeping,  the 
branches  ascending,  '/;'-2'i'  high.  Leaves  obo- 
vate  to  oval,  obtuse,  l"-2|2"  long;  flowers  about 
'/i"  long,  borne  on  peduncles  of  about  the  same 
length;  calyx  cani))anulate  in  flower,  obovoid  in 
fruit,  4-lobed,  usually  split  along  one  side;  pedun- 
cles recurved  in  fruit;  upper  lip  of  the  corolla 
nearly  obsolete;  middle  lobes  ol  the  lower  lip 
longer  than  the  lateral  ones;  appendages  at  the 
bases  of  the  stamens  ncaily  as  long  as  the  fila- 
ments; stigma  of  ;■  subulate  lobes;  capsule  obo- 
void-globose,  J4"  in  diameter,  as  long  as  the  calyx. 

In  tidal  mud.  New  Jersey  to  I'lorida.  Also  in  Cuba. 
Aug.-Oct. 

17.    LIMOSELLA  L.  Sp.  PI.  63 1.       1753. 

Low  glabrous  succulent  floating  or  creeping,  tufted  annual  herbs(or  perennial  by  stolons?), 
with  flliforni  stems  rooting  at  their  nodes,  basal  slen<lerj)ctioled  entire  lca«'es,  and  filiform 
l-flowcred  scape-like  pe<luncles,  the  flowers  small,  white,  pink,  o'  purple.  Cal>x  campanu- 
late,  S-lobed.  Corolla  nearly  regular,  open-campanulate,  the  tube  short,  the  limb  5-cleft. 
Stamens  4,  inserted  on  the  corolla-tube,  scarcely  exserted;  filaments  short;  anther-sacs  con- 
fluent. Style  .short;  stigma  capitate.  Ovary  2-celled  at  the  base,  i-celled  above.  Capsule 
globose  or  oblong,  becoming  i-celle<l,  many-seeded.     [Greek,  mud  seated.] 

About  6  species,  of  wide  geoKraphic  distribution. 
Leaves  expanded  above  into  iin  oblong  or  linear-obloni;  blade.  1.  /.,.  aqnalica. 

Ijcaves  fdiform-linear,  with  little  or  no  distinction  between  blade  and  petiole.         2.  /,.  Icnuifolia. 


Vol..  III.] 


riGVVORT  FAMILY. 


>65 


US?), 
form 
anu- 
;left. 
con- 
jsule 


tea. 
''olia. 


I.    Limosella  aquStica  1,.     Mudweetl.     Miidwort.     (Fig.  3283.) 

Litiiosflla  aiiiialha  I,.  Sp.  I'l.  631.      i/S.v 

Leaves  l'-,s'  lot))!;,  the  blade  oblong, 
liiienr-oblong,  or  spatulate,  olituse,  one- 
foiirtli  or  one-third  as  long  as  the  filirorm 
petiole.  Peduncles  shorter  than  the 
leaves,  arising  with  the  petioles  from  the 
base  of  the  plant  or  from  Jiodt-s  of  the 
creei)ingor  floating  stem;  corolla  pink  or 
white,  about  l"  broad,  scarcely  longer 
than  the  calyx;  calyx  lobes  ovate,  acute 
or  acutish,  al)Out  the  length  of  the  tube; 
stiiincns  inserted  high  upon  the  corolla- 
tube;  fdanieuts  son)cwhat  longer  than  the 
(iiUhers;  capsule  globose  or  oblong-glo- 
bose, obtuse,  I'/z"  high,  longer  than  the 
calyx. 

Oil  tiiiulily  shiires  and  in  brooks,  I.iibrador 
ami  Hudson  liavtotlii'  Noitluvisl  Tirritoty, 
soiilli  ill  llic  Kocky  >b»iiilailis  to  Colorado, 
ami  ill  till-  Siirra  .N'lvada  to  Caliloniia.  Also 
ill  i;iiid]u',  Australia  and  .Soulli  America. 
June  Aug. 


2.     Limosella    tenuifolia    HoITtii. 

Narrow- leavc'il  .Miuhvort. 
(Fij,'.  32S4.) 

l.iniosflla  loiui/alia  IIolTiii   Diiitscli.  I'M.  29.       I*(i(. 

Limosella  atislralis  k.  llr.  I'idilr.  I'l.  Nov.  IIoU.  i: 

44.5.      1810. 

Similar  to  the  preceding  species,  but  usually 
smaller,  the  leaves  seldoni  over  xH'  high,  lincar- 
filiform,  with  no  disliiiclion  between  blade  and 
petiole,  or  scinelimes  slightly  expanded  toward 
the  apex. 

In  brackisli  mud,  Labrador  to  N'cw  Jersey.  Also 
in  ICurope,  Australia  and  .Soulli  .\meric.i  The- 
plant  is  very  closely  related  to  llie  iiieeudiiig  si)e 
cies,  and  is  regarded  by  many  autliors  a>*  a  varii  ty 
of  it.  Hilt  its  local  geo(;ri,|)liic  di^'ril)ntion  is 
consideiably  different,  and  the  leaf  eli  iraeleis  as 
given  above  appear  to  be  eoiislanl.     Summer. 


18.    WULFENIA  Jacq.  Misc.  2:  60.    />/.  S.       ifSi. 
ISv.NTllVKis  lienth.  in  DC.  I'rodr.  10:  4,=;  t.      1.S46.] 

Perennial  herbs,  with  thick  rootsto.  ks,  simple  erect  stems,  large  petioled  basal  leaves, 
those  of  the  stem  much  smaller,  alternate,  sessile,  or  clasping,  bractlikc.  I'lowers  small,  pink 
or  purple,  in  terminal  den.se  elongated  spikes  or  racemes.  Calyx  4-5-parted,  the  segments 
oblong  or  linear.  Corolla  oblong  or  canip.uiiilatc,  2-4-lobed,  or  parteil,  or  wanting,  the 
lateral  lobes,  when  present,  exterior  in  the  bud.  Stamens  2  (occasionally  4),  posterior,  in- 
serted on  the  corolla,  or  on  the  outer  side  of  the  hyjiogynous  disk,  exserted;  filaments  slen- 
der; anther  sacs  parallel  or  divergent,  not  confluent.  Ovary  2-cclled  or  rarely  3-celled; 
style  filiform;  stigma  capitate.  Capsule  compressed,  obtuse,  or  emarginate,  many-seeded, 
loculicidally  dehiscent.  Seeds  Hat,  oval,  or  orbicular.  [Named  for  Rev.  Francis  Xavicr 
Wulfen,  botanical  author,  died  1804.] 

About  10  species,  natives  of  North  America  and  ICuroiic. 


Corolla  present,  usually  2-lobed. 
Corolla  none. 


1.  fK  ffouf^/i/oriiaiia. 

2.  M^  rubra. 


1 66 


SCROPIIULARIACRAR. 


[Vol.. 


X.  Wulfenia  Houghtoni^na  ( Heiith. )  Greene. 
Houghton's  Wulfenia.     (Fig.  3:1^5.) 

Svuthvris  Ifout^hloiiiana   Hoiitli.  in  DC.  I'rudr.  lo:  .(5}. 
'  iH|6. 
]l'iil/'rnia  lIoi(f;liloniaiia  Greene,  JCrytliea,  J:  85.      1^9). 

Pubescent;  stem  stout,  \°-3'/i°  hijjli.  Basal  leaves 
ovate  or  orbicular,  rounded  at  the  ape.\,  truncate,  cor- 
date or  rcniforni  at  the  base,  crcnulate  all  around,  i's' 
loiiK,  5-7-nervcd,  petioled,  the  petiole  usually  shorter 
than  the  blade;  stem  leaves  small,  li'-i'  long,  sessile 
or  slightly  clasping,  creuulate,  obtuse,  or  acute,  pass- 
ing gradually  into  the  bracts  of  the  dense  spike;  flowers 
greenish  yellow,  1"-},"  long;  corolla  present, variously 
2-4-lobed  (comnionly  2-lobed),  somewhat  longer  than 
the  calyx,  its  lobes  obtuse,  the  stamens  inserted  on  its 
base;  spike  much  elongated  in  fruit;  capsule  einargin- 
ate,  slightly  exceeding  the  calyx. 

On  dry  prairies,  Indiana  ti)  Minnesota,  Michigan  anri 
Iowa.     May-July. 

2.  Wulfenia  rubra  (Hook.)  Greene.  Western 
Wulfenia.     (Fig.  3286.) 

Gvmiiandra  itibta  Hook.  I'l.  Bor.  Anier.  3:  103.    pi.  lys. 

Svnilivlis  iiihia  Uenth.  in  DC.  Prodr.  10:  455.      1846. 
U'lil/i'nia  rubra  (Ireenc,  Ivrythea,  1:  83.      1S94. 

Similar  to  the  preceding  species  but  lower,  pube.s- 
cent  or  tomeutose,  seldom  over  1°  high.  Basal  leaves 
ovate  or  oblong,  obtuse  or  acute  at  the  apex,  narrowed, 
truncate  or  cordate  at  the  ba.se,  I'/i'-i'  long,  crennlatc, 
petioled,  indistinctly  nerved;  stem  leaves  ovate  or 
lanccolHtc,  acute,  sessile,  creuulate,  or  entire,  '4'-^' 
long;  spike  very  dense,  i'-2'  long  in  flower,  2'-5'  long 
in  fruit,  its  bracts  purplish;  corolla  none;  stamens  in- 
serted on  the  outer  side  of  the  hypogynous  disk;  cap- 
sule little  compressed,  emarginate,  slightly  longer  than 
the  calyx. 

In  dry  soil.  Northwest  Territory  to  Nebraska,  west  to 
liritish  Columbia  and  I'tali.     May-June. 

19.    VERONICA  L.  Sp.  PI.  9.       1753. 

Annual  or  perennial  herbs  (some  exotic  species  shrubs  or  trees),  with  opposite  and  alter- 
nate, rarely  verlicillale  leaves,  and  mostly  small  blue  purple  pink  or  white  flowers,  terminal 
or  axillary,  racemose,  spicate,  or  solitary.  Cal\  x  mostly  4-parted,  sometimes  5parted,  the 
segments  olilong  or  ovate.  Corolla  rotate,  its  tube  very  short,  deeply  and  more  or  less  un- 
equally 4-lobcd  (rarely  5-lobed)  the  lower  lobe  commonly  the  narrowest.  Stamens  2,  diver- 
gent, inserted  on  either  side  aad  at  the  base  of  the  upper  corolla-lobe;  anthers  obtuse,  their 
sacs  couflucnt  at  the  summit;  iilaments  slender.  Ovary  2-celled;  style  slender;  stigma 
capitate;  ovules  few  or  numerous  in  each  cavity.  Capsule  more  or  less  compressed,  some- 
times very  flat,  emarginate,  obcordate,  or  2-k)bed,  loculicidally  dehiscent.  Seeds  smooth  or 
rough,  flat,  plano-convex,  or  excavated  on  tlie  inner  side.     [Named  for  St.  Veronica.] 

About  200  species,  of  wide  geographic  distribution.  Besides  the  following,  3  others  occur  in 
northwest  .\nieriea. 

•/•   Flowers  racemose  in  the  axils  of  the  leaves,  bracteolate. 

Glabrous,  or  minutely  glandular  above  (  No.  3  rarely  hairy ) ;  brook  or  swamp  plants. 
I<eaves  ovate,  oval,  oblong,  or  oblong-laneeol.ite:  capsule  compressed. 
Stem  leaves  sessile,  partly  clasping,  serrulate  or  entire.  1.    I 

All  the  leaves  petioled,  serrate. 
Leaves  linear  or  linear-lanceolate;  capsule  very  flat. 
Pubescent,  dry  soil  plants;  leaves  crenale  or  dent.ite. 

Leaves  oval  or  obovate,  petioled;  pedicels  shorter  than  the  calyx. 
Leaves  ov.'ite,  nearly  or  quite  .sessile;  pedicels  longer  than  tlie  calyx. 


.1  iias:allisaiitiatiia. 

2.  /'.  Aiiti'n'cdna. 

3.  I',  sciilellala. 


4.  /'.  qlficiiialis. 

5.  I'.  Clianiaedrys. 


V;  -X-   Flowers  in  terminal  spikes  or  racemes,  or  solitary  in  the  axils. 
Flowers  in  terminal  spikes. 

Leaves  all  sessile;  capsule  elliptic,  emarginate.  6.  V.  a/phia. 

Lower  leaves  petioled;  capsule  orbicular,  obcordate.  7.  K  scrpylli/olia. 
Flowers  solitary  in  most  of  the  axils;  peduncles  shorter  than  the  leaves. 

IJrect;  glabrous  or  glandular;  capsule  emarginate.  8.  V.  peregrina. 

DilTuse;  pubescent;  capsule  obcordate.  9.  V.  arvensis. 


Vol,.  III.] 


I'lGWORT  FAMII.,Y. 


167 


10    /'.  Its' res/is. 

11.  /'.  Ilv:anlina. 

12.  / '.  hedetaefolia. 

Water  Pimpernel. 


Flowers  solitary  in  Ihc  axils;  jK'diinclts  as  li)ii(f  as  the  leaver,  i>r  longer. 
Leaves  ovatr  or  obloiiK.  cri'iiatf  or  (U  ntate. 

Corolla  not  loniifr  than  tlii'  calyx;  capsnle  narrowly  eniar);inatc. 
Corolla  longer  than  the  ealy\;  cai)SHle  broadly  cniarginate. 
Leaves  orbicular,  or  broader,  v.Sb'bed  or   crenate. 

I.    Veronica  Anagallis-aquatica  L.     Water  Speedwell. 

(Fig.  3287.) 

I 'i' 10  III  111  Anagallisa<iiialiia  I,.  Sp.  I'l.  iz.      175,5. 

Perennial  by  stolons  or  leafy  shoots  developed  in 
nutiinin;  stem  rather  stout,  glabrous,  or  nlfiwilular- 
puberulcnt  above,  erect  or  decumbent,  often  root- 
ing at  the  lower  nodes,  usually  branched,  l°-3° 
hi>»h.  Leaves  of  sterile  autumn  shoots  orbicular 
to  obovate,  obtuse,  serrulate,  narrowed  into  mar- 
gined petioles,  those  of  the  flowering  stems  ovate, 
oblong,  or  lanceolate,  sessile  and  more  or  less  clasp- 
ing or  the  lowest  short- petioled,  serrulate  or  en- 
tire, I ^-^'-4' long,  ,'+'-2' wide;  racemes  peduncled, 
borne  in  most  of  the  axils,  2'-^'  long;  bractlets 
shorter  than  or  exceeding  the  pedicels;  flowers 
blue,  or  purplish  striped,  2"  broad;  capsule  com- 
pressed, not  very  flat,  nearly  orbicular,  2-lobed, 
emarginate,  i)4"high;  seeds  flat. 

In  brooks  and  fwainps,  Nova  .Scotia  to  British  Co- 
lumbia, south  to  eastern  VirKiiiia,  Nebraska  and  New  Mexico.     Also  in  ICurope  and  Asia.     The 
plant  of  the  Atlantic  Coast  appears  as  if  introduced,    .\scends  to  (000  ft.  in  Virtfinia.     May-Sept. 

2.   Veronica  Americana  Schwein.     American  Brookliiiie.     (Fig.  3288.) 

I'eronica  Americana  .Schwein.;  Bentb.  in  DC.  Prodr.  10: 

4»'>S.      isjf). 

Similar  to  the  preceding  species,  perennial  by  sto- 
lons or  leafy  shoots,  glabrous  throughout;  stem  de- 
cumbent, usually  branched,  rooting  at  the  lower  nodes, 
6'-3°  long.  Leaves  oblong,  ovate  or  oblong-lanceo- 
late, all  distinctly  petioled,  sharply  serrate,  truncate, 
rounded,  or  subcordate  at  the  base,  obtuse  or  ncutish 
at  the  apex,  l'-3'  long,  ]^'-l'  wide;  racemes  pedun- 
cled, borne  in  most  of  the  axils,  loose,  elongated, 
sometimes  6'  long;  bractlets  shorter  than  the  pedi- 
cels; flower  bine  or  nearly  white,  usually  striped  with 
purple,  2"  broad;  capsule  nearly  orbicular,  compressed, 
but  not  very  flat,  emarginate,  1)4"  high;  seeds  flat. 

In  brooks  and  swamps,  .\nticosti  to  Alaska,  south  to 
rennsylvania.  Nebraska,  New  Mexico  and  California. 
Ascends  to  2(*»  It.  in  the  Catskills.     April-Sept. 

3.  Veronica  scutellata  L.     Marsh  or  Skull- 
cap vSpecd  well.     (Fig.  3289). 

I'i'ioiiica  sciilflliila  I,.  Sp.  I'l.  12.      ^~^^■ 

Glabrous,  or  very  sparingly  pubescent,  rarely  (piite 
hairy,  perennial  by  leafy  shoots  or  stolons;  stems  slen- 
der, decumbent, or  ascending,  Icafy.siinple  or  branched, 
commonly  rooting  at  the  lower  nodes,  6'-2°  high. 
Leaves  linear  or  linear-lanceolate,  sessile  and  slightly 
clasping,  remotely  denticulate,  acute,  I '-3'  long,  l"- 
3"  wide;  racemes  borne  in  nearly  all  the  axils,  or  only 
in  the  alternate  ones,  equalling  or  longer  than  the 
leaves;  bractlets  much  shorter  than  the  filiform  spread- 
ing pedicels;  flowers  blue,  2"-3"  broad;  capsule  broad-  \/f^, 
cr  than  high,  very  flat,  deeply  emarginate  at  the  sum-  '^\ 
uiit,  slightly  so  at  the  base,  2"'-2>^"  broad;  seeds  flat. 

In  swamps,  Labrador  to  British  Columbia,  south  to 
southern  New  York,  Minnesota  and  California.  Also  in 
Kurope  and  Asia.     May  Sept. 


SCROI'HULARIACICAK. 


[Vol,.  III. 


4.  Veronica  officinsklis  L.    Common  Speed- 
well.    Fluelliii.     (Fig.  3290.) 

Veiitnica  officinalis  h.  Sp.  V\.  11.      175.V 

rereniiiul  bv  stolons,  pubescent  all  over;  stem  as- 
cending, 3'-io'  liij;b.  Leaves  oblong,  oval,  or  ol)0- 
vate,  petioleil,  ','-2'  lon)^,  obtuse  at  llic  apex,  serrate, 
narrowetl  into  the  petioles;  racemes  spikelike,narrow, 
dense,  eloii>>atcd,  often  borne  only  in  alternate  axils, 
much  longer  than  the  leaves;  subulate  bractlets  and 
tliccalvx  loiij^cr  than  the  pedicels;  flowers  pale  l)luc, 
2"-;,"  broad;  capsule  obovate-cnneatc,  compressed, 
broadly  emarginatc,  2"  high,  iji"  broad;  seeds 
numerous,  fli.t. 

In  dry  fiilds  and  wnods,  Nova  Scutia  to  Ontario  and 
IMirliltiaii,  south  In  Noilh  Carolina  and  Ti  iimssie.  As- 
i(  lids  lo -,!»«)  II  in  \ir>;inia.  Also  in  linvopt-  and  Asia. 
.Aplirars,  in  luo-t  plaits,  as  if  inlroihici'il.  Calkil  also 
I'anl's  lUloiiy,  I'lronnil  licluand  IplandSpCfdwcll.  May  - 
•Aug. 


5.    Veronica  Chamaedrys  I,.      Cicrmander  Siieedwell.     (Fig.  3291.) 


I'riouiia  i'luiiiiiicdi  \\  I,.  Sp.  I'l. 


1  r.\v 


Perennial;  sleni  ascending,  siin]dc  or  branch- 
ed, slt-ndur,  pubescent  in  two  lines,  .['-12' 
high.  Leaves  ovale,  sessile,  or  very  nearly 
80,  pubescent,  truncate,  rounded  or  cordate 
at  the  base,  incised-dentate,  obtuse  at  the 
apex,  Iz'-x^i'  long;  racemes  borne  in  oppo- 
site or  alternate  axils,  pedunclcd,  more  or 
less  pubescent,  loose,  2'-6'  long;  jiedicels 
fdiform,  longer  that  the  Ci-.lyx  an<l  usually 
longer  than  the  bractlets;  flowers  light  blue, 
3"-4"  broad;  cajisulc  obcordatc,  narrowed  at 
the  base;  seeds  numerous,  flaltish. 

In  I'lclds  and  waste  i>laccs,  Nov.i  Scotia  and 
Quebec  to  southirn  Ni  w  York  and  I'cnnsylvaiiia. 
Naturalized  from  Ivniope.  Other  ICtmlisii  nanus 
are  lilue  I'^ye,  ICyebriKlit.  Ansel's  ICyes,  Hod's 
Kye,  liird's  ICye,  Cat's  ICye,  liase  Vervain,  I'oVKet 
nie-not.     May  July. 


6.   Veronica  alpina  I^.      Alpine  Speed- 
well.    (Fig.  3292.) 

reioiiica  al/>iiia  L.  Sp.  I'l.  11.      17,^,^. 

Perennial,  pubescent  or  nearly  glabrous;  stems 
ascending  or  erect,  slender,  usually  simple,  2'-i2' 
high.  Leaves  oblong,  ovate,  or  elliptic,  sessile, 
mostly  rounded  at  both  ends,  crenulate  or  entire, 
yi'-\'  long;  flowers  in  a  short  narrow  raceme  at 
the  end  of  the  stem,  light  blue,  1"-},"  broad; 
pedicels  shorter  than  the  calyx  in  flower,  much 
shorter  than  the  bractlets,  i"-},"  long  iu  fruit; 
capsule  ellipsoid  or  slightly  obovoid,  moderately 
compressed,  emarginatc,  2"-^"  high;  seeds  nu- 
merous, flattish. 

Labrador;  mountains  of  Quebec  and  New  Ivn^land 
to  Alaska,  south  in  the  Kocky  Mountains  to  Colorado 
and  in  the  Sierra  Nevada  to  Nevada.    Summer. 


Vor,.  III.] 
7- 


I'KIWORT  FAMILY. 


Veronica  serpyllifdlia  I,.      Thymc- 

IcavL'd  vSiKjcdwell.     (I'ig.  3293.) 

I'frotiiiit  se> fiyllifvlia  I,.  Sji.  I'l.  \2.      175,5. 

i'rreiinial ,  pul)criilent  or  nliil)rous;  stems  slcniler, 
•lecutnlKMit,  hraiicheil,  the  liniiu'lits  HSCcndiiiK  or 
erect,  2'- 10'  hij^li.  Leaves  all  oppDsite  and  petiolecL 
or  tlif  uppirinosl  sessile,  i>l>Ioiin,  oval,  or  ovate, 
)i'-)i'  loiiff,  cretiiiliitc  or  entire;  (lowers  in  slioit 
spicatc  racemes  at  the  end  of  tlie  stem  anil  liraiiclies; 
pedicels  e(|ualliii|;  or  lon).;er  tliaii  the  calyx,  usu- 
ally shorter  than  the  hractlets;  corolla  pale  liluc 
with  darker  stripes,somelimcs\vliite,al)()Ut  2" broad; 
capsule  hroailcr  Ihuii  hi>;h,  liroiidly  ohcordate  or 
cinar^iuate  at  the  summit,  ahont  \"  1oM}{,  ahout 
e(iuaUiiig  the  calyx;  seeds  Hat,  niimerou.s. 

Iti  fitlils  and  tliiiktts,  I.ahrailur  to  .\laska,  south  to 
CiKHcia.  New  Mtxii'o  ;incl  C:ilifoinia.  Also  in  ICiirojic, 
Asia  :iml  Soutli  .\nuiiia.  Ascends  to  2600  ft.  in  the 
Catskills.     .\|)iil  .\iiK. 


8.  Veronica  peregrina  L.     I'lir.slatie  vSi>eecl- 
wdl.     Neckweed.      (Im^.  32(j4. ) 

I'fioiiiiii  ftiiixi  ilia  L.  Sp.  V\.  i  1.      175  f. 

.Annual,  j^lahrous,  or  nlaudular-i)nl)erulcnt;  stem 
erect  or  ascen<lin),',  simple  or  branched,  3'-i2'  high. 
Leaves  oblonjr  oval,  linear  or  sli).;htly  spatulate, 
y -H)"  loiiK,  obtuse  or  acutish,  tlie  lowest  opposite, 
shortpetioled,  or  sessile,  broader  than  the  ujijier  and 
usually  <lenticulate, the  upjier  alternate, sessile,  mostly 
entire,  each  with  n  shortpedic  died  flower  in  its  axil; 
flowers  nearly  white,  about  1"  broad;  peilicels  much 
shorter  than  the  calyx;  capsule  nearly  orbicular,  oh- 
cordate, usually  a  little  shorter  than  the  calyx,  i"- 
i/'j"  1''k''>  many-seeded,  the  seeds  flat. 

In  nuiist  i)laces,  and  common  as  a  weed  in  cultivated 
soil,  Nova  Scotia  to  Drilish  Columbia,  south  to  I'lorida, 
Mexico  and  California.  .Mso  in  Centr.il  and  South  .\nier- 
ua,  and  distributed  as  a  weed  in  the  Old  World.  Jlay- 
( )ct. 


9.    Veronica  arvensis  Tv.     Corn  or 
Wall  Speedwell.     (I^'ig.  3295.) 

I'etonira  ai  zYiiiis  I,.  Sp.  I'l.  ij.     175,5. 

Annual,  pubescent;  stem  slender,  at  first  sim- 
ple and  erect,  at  length  much  branched  and 
din"use,  3'-io'  long.  Lower  leaves  ovate  or 
oval,  opposite,  obtuse  at  both  ends,  crenate  or 
crenulate,  j'^-^i"  long,  the  lowest  petioled; 
upper  leaves  sessile,  alternate,  ovate  or  lanceo- 
late, acute  or  acutish,  commonly  entire,  each 
with  a  short  pcdicelled  minute  flower  iu  its 
axil;  pedicels  shorter  than  the  calyx;  corolla 
blue,  or  nearly  white,  1"  broad  or  less;  capsule 
broadly  obovate,  obcordate,  1"  high. 

In  fields,  woods  and  waste  places  and  in  culti- 
vated soil,  Nova  Scotia  toOntaiioand  Minnesota, 
south  to  Florida,  Kansas  and  Texas.  Also  in  Ber- 
muda. Naturalized  from  Uurope.  Native  also  of 
Asia.     March-Sept. 


I 


170 


SCROrini.AUIACHAH. 


[Vol,.  III. 


10.  Veronica  agrestis  I,.  I'r()cii!n1)ent, 
iMclil  or  Garden  SpeL'dwell.      ( I'iK-   ,i2'jC>.) 

I'ttdiiNd  ii);ifsli\  I,.  Sp.  rl.  IV       17s  I. 

Aiiniml,  piihescciit;  stems  creeping  «>r  procum- 
bent, very  slender,  bnmrlicil,  3'-S'  long,  the 
branches  ascendinKorspreailiiiK,  Leaves  broadly 
ovate  or  ovnl,  obtnse  at  the  apex,  rounded,  truncate 
or  snbcordatc  at  the  base,  crenatc,  nil  sliort-peli- 
oled,  or  the  uppermost  sessile,  the  lowest  opposite, 
the  upper  alternate  and  each  with  a  slendcr-pe- 
dutirled  smalt  blue  flower  iti  its  axil;  peduncles 
eijuallinK  or  longer  than  the  leaves;  corolla  not 
excecdiuK  the  calyx;  capsule  broader  than  high, 
compressed,  l)ut  not  very  flat,  narrowly  cmarginate 
at  the  summit,  i"  high,  2"  broad;  seeds  few,  hol- 
lowed out  on  the  inner  side. 

In  lielils  and  waste  places,  Nova  Scotia  to  New  Jer- 
sey and  Louisiana.  Naturalized  from  ICuropc.  Native 
also  of  Asia.  Otiirr  IvnKlish  names  arc  Germander 
Cliickwccd  and  Winter  weed.     May-Sept. 


XI.   Veronica  Byzantina  (vSihth.  i*t  Smith)  H.vS  P. 

Byzantine  Speedwell.     (I'ifi.  ,1297. 

I'l-roniraai^rfs/isvnr.  Hvsanlina  Sibtli.  iS:  Smith, 

l'"l.  C.raec.  l:  />/.  .V.      iS(i*). 
/'. /;«.r/'n//w//7Ten()re,  I'l.  Nap.  i:  7.  />/./.      iSii. 
»'.  l!y:aHlina  U.S. P.  I'rel.  Cat.  N.  Y.  40.      1888. 

Annual,  pubescent;  stems  din"uscly  branched, 
spreading  or  ascending,  6'-i5'  long.  leaves 
ovate  or  oval,  short-petioled,  obtuse  or  acut- 
ish,  sometimes  narrowed  at  the  base,  crenate- 
dentate  or  somewhat  incised,  4"- 12"  long,  the 
lowest  opposite,  the  upper  all  alternate  and 
each  with  a  sicnder-peduncled  rather  large 
blue  flower  in  its  axil;  peduncles  filiform, 
as  long  as  the  leaves  or  longer;  corolla  exceed- 
ing the  calyx,  3"-4"  broad;  capsule  twice  as 
broad  as  high,  3"  broad,  with  a  wide  and  shallow 
emargination  at  the  summit;  seeds  few  or  sev- 
eral, hollowed  out  on  the  inner  side. 

In  waste  places.  Nova  Scotia  to  soulliern  New 
York.  Adventive  or  naturalized  from  lUirope. 
Native  also  of  .Xsi.i.  Also  calleil  Hird's  Ivye  and 
Cat's  ICye.     .May  Sept. 


lUtxbauin's  Speedwell. 


12.  Veronica  hederaefolia  \^. 

Ivy-leaved    Speedwell.     (Fig.   3298.) 
I'eronica  hedrraefolia  I,.  Sp.  I'l.  13.      175.1. 

Annual,  pubescent;  stems  slender,  diffusely 
branched,  3'-iS'  long.  Leaves  orbicular  or 
broader,  truncate  or  subcordate  at  the  base, 
3-5-lobed  or  3-5-crenate,  petioled,  ]i'-\'  in 
diameter,  the  lower  opposite,  the  upper  all 
alternate  and  with  slender  peduncled  small 
blue  flowers  in  their  axils;  peduncles  filiform, 
often  longer  than  the  leaves;  corolla  2" 
broad,  scarcely  longer  than  the  calyx;  capsule 
little  compressed,  2-lobed,  broader  than  high, 
shorter  than  the  densely  ciliate  sepals,  2-4- 
seeded;  seeds  excavated  on  the  iuucr  side. 

In  thickets,  fields  and  waste  places,  soulliern 
New  York,  Pennsylvania  and  New  Jersey.  Nat- 
uralized from  ICurope.  Native  also  of  Asia. 
April-Oct.  Other  names  are  Ivy-Chickweed, 
Motherof-Wheat,  Small  Henbit,  Winter-weed, 
and  Murgeline. 


Vol..  HI.] 


I'm  WORT    FAMII.V. 


171 


ao.    LEPTANDRA  Nutt.  Cell.  I:  7.      1818. 

Tall  stout  crert  pt-reiiniiil  lierlx,  with  verticitl.ite  or  opposite  leaves,  and  small  minutely 
brai-ted  white* or  him.-  flowers,  in  <lense  pcdunclcil  spike-like  rarcmes,  terminal,  or  in  the 
upper  axils.  Calyx  4-parteil,  short.  Corolla  tubular,  or  salverforni,  nearly  regular,  4-lol)e<l, 
the  tube  cylinilric,  lonxer  than  the  lohes.  Stamens  2,  exserteil,  inserted  low  down  on  the 
corolla-tnlie;  filaments  filirorm;  anthers  obtuse,  short.  Style  about  as  long  as  the  stamens, 
stigma  minute.  Capsule  narrowly  ovoid,  scarcely  compressed,  not  einarginatc  nor  obcor- 
date,  4valved  at  the  apex.  Seeds  numerous,  oval,  minutely  reticulated.  [Greek,  slender 
stamens,  rcferrin>{  to  the  filaments.] 

Two  spfcies,  I  native  of  casttrii  Nortli  .Vtiierii  a,  tlic  other  of  nortlieastcrn  Asia, 

X.   Leptandra  Virginica  (L.)  Nutt. 
Culver's-root.     (  Fig.  3299. ) 

I'fiiiitiia  I'iririiiiiii  I,.  Sp.  PI.  g.      1753, 
J.ef>laiiit>a  I'ir^'hiha  Nutt,  Gen,  1:7,      1818. 

Stem  glabrous,  or  very  nearly  so,  simple,  strict,  2°- 
7°  high.  Leaves  verticillatc  in  ,^'s-9's  or  some  of  the 
uppermost  opposite,  lanceolate  or  oblong-lanceolate, 
short-petioled,  long-acuminate  at  the  apex,  sharply 
serrulate,  narrowed  at  the  base,  pinnately  veined,  gla- 
brous both  sides,or  pubescent  beneath,  3'-6'  long,  |4'- 
i  'wide;  spike  like  racemes  several  or  rarely  solitary,  •^'- 
;>'long,  very  dense,  the  terminal  one  first  developing; 
])edicels  and  bractlets  about  as  long  as  the  calyx;  calyx- 
segments  ovate-lanceolate, acute;  corolla  tubular,  white 
or  bluish,  2"  long;  capsule  ovoid-oblong,  i"-i>^" 
lon){,  3'3  times  as  long  as  the  calyx. 

Ill  iiuadows,  moist  woods  and  thickets,  Nova  Scotia  to 
Ilritish  Columliin,  south  to  Alabama,  Missouri,  and  Ne- 
braska. .Ascends  to  lyixy  ft.  in  VirRinia.  Called  also 
lilack-root  and  Culver's  I'hysic.     June-Sept. 

ai.    DIGITALIS  L.  vSp.  PI.  621.      1753. 

Tall  biennial  or  perennial  herbs,  the  stems  simple,  or  branched  at  the  base,  with  alter- 
nate dentate  or  entire  leaves,  and  lar^e  showy  purple  yellowish  or  white  flowers,  in  long  ter- 
minal commonly  i-sided  racemes.  Calyx  sparted,  the  segments  imbricate<l.  Corolla  de- 
clined, somewhat  irregular,  the  tube  contracted  above  the  ovary,  then  rather  abruptly 
expanded,  longer  than  the  4-5-lobed  slightly  2-lipped  limb;  upper  lip  broadly  emarginate  or 
2-cleft;  lower  lip  3-lobed,  the  middle  lobe  largest,  the  lateral  ones  exterior  in  the  bud. 
Stamens  4,  didynamous,  ascending,  mo.stly  included;  anthers  approximate  in  pairs.  Style 
slender;  stigma  2lobed.  Capsule  ovoid,  septicidally  dehiscent.  Seeds  numerous,  rugose. 
[Latin,  digilatt',  the  finger  of  a  glove,  which  the  flowers  resemble.] 

About  20  species,  natives  of  ICurope  and  Asia. 

1.  Digitalis  purpurea  I,.  Purple  Fox- 
glove. Thimbles.  Fairy  Cap.  (Fig.  3300.) 
Digilalis  t>urpHiea  I,.  Sp.  I'l.  6ji.     175,5. 

Usually  biennial,  pubescent;  stem  stout,  erect, 
2°-5°  high.  Dasal  and  lower  leaves  ovate  or 
ovate-lanceolate,  6'-io'  long,  slender  pctioled, 
acute  at  the  apex,  narrowed  at  the  base,  dentate; 
upper  leaves  similar,  smaller,  sessile;  racemes  1° 
long  or  more,  dense,  1 -sided;  flowers  purple, 
i'/i'-2'  long,  drooping;  upper  calyx-segment 
narrower  than  the  four  other  foliaceous  ones; 
corolla  spotted  within. 

Cape  Hretoii  Island,  apparently  naturalized  from 
ICurope  (according^  to  Jtacoun);  sparingly  escaped 
from  cultivation.  June-AuR.  Among  some  60  linjf- 
lish  names  are  Folk's-Rlove  [by  corruption  Fox- 
fjlovc],  /.  e.,  Fairy 's-glove,  F'airytliimbles,  -finders, 
■weed,  Fairy  Hells,  I'op-dock  or  -Rlove,  Kabbit's- 
llower.  Cottagers,  I.ion's  Mimtli,  Scotcli  Mercury, 
Throatwort,  Lady-fingers,   glove,  -thimble. 


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172 


SCROPHULARIACEAE. 


[Vol,  III. 


22.    BUCHNERA  L.  Sp.  PI.  630.       1753. 

Erect,  perennial  or  biennial,  simple  or  branched,  strict  hispid  or  scabrous  herbs,  black- 
ening in  drying,  the  lower  leaves  opposite,  the  upper  sometimes  alternate.  Elowers  rather 
large,  white,  blue,  or  purple,  in  dense  termiual  bracted  spikes,  the  lower  commonly  distant. 
Calyx  tubular,  or  oblong,  5-10-ucrvcd,  5-tootlied.  Corolla  salverform,  its  tube  cylindric, 
somewhat  curved,  its  limb  deeply  and  nearly  equally  5-cleft,  spreading,  the  lateral  lobes  ex- 
terior in  the  bud.  Stamens  4,  didynanious;  anther-sacs  conHuent  into  i.  Style  slender, 
thickened  or  chibshapcd  above;  stigma  small,  entire  or  emarginate.  Capsule  oblong  or 
ovoid,  loculicidally  dchi.scent.     Seeds  numerous,  reticulated.     [Named  for  J.  G.  Buchncr.] 

About  30  species,  natives  of  warm  and  tenipcr.itc  rcRions.  Besides  the  following,  another  oc- 
curs in  the  .southern  United  Slates. 

I.    Buchnera  Americana  L,.     Blue-hearts. 

(^'ig-  3301.) 

Buchnera  Americana  I<.  Sp.  PI.  (i^o.      175.?. 

Hispid  and  rough;  stem  slender,  stiff,  i°-2,!2°  high. 
Leaves  usually  all  opposite,  prominently  veined,  the 
lowest  obovate  or  oblong,  obtuse,  narrowed  into  very 
short  petioles,  the  middle  ones  oblong  or  oblong-lan- 
ceolate, dentate,  obtuse  or  acute  at  the  apex,  narrowed 
at  the  base,  sessile,  the  ujjper  lanceolate  or  liuear-laii- 
ceolatc,  entire  or  nearly  so;  spike  peduncled,  d'-xo" 
long  in  fruit,  the  flowers  mostly  opposite,  nearly  i' 
long;  bractlets  shorter  than  the  calyx;  calyx  strigose; 
corolla  purple,  its  lobes  obovate,  obtuse,  },"-\"  broad; 
capsule  ovoid,  slightly  oblique,  4"  high,  a  little  longer 
than  the  calvx. 


In  sandy  or  gravelly  soil,  New  Jersey  to  western  New 
York  and  Minnesota,  south  to  Virginia,  Louisiana  and  Ar- 
kansas.    June-Sept. 


23- 


1796. 


(f:'l 


AFZELIA  J.  G.  Gmel.  Sy.st.  Nat.  2:  927. 
[Skymkria  Pursh,  Fl.  Am.  Sept.  736.     1814.] 

Erect  stout  branched  annual  or  perennial  herbs,  mostly  with  opposite  leaves,  at  least  the 
lower  i-2-pinnately  parted  or  dissected,  aud  yellow  flowers  solitary  in  tlic  axils,  or  in  ter- 
minal bracted  spikes  or  racemes.  Calyx  campanulate,  5-cleft  or  5-parted.  Corolla  slightly 
irregular,  campanulate  or  rotate,  the  tube  short,  broad,  the  limb  5-lobed,  the  lower  lobe  ex- 
terior in  the  bud.  Stamens  4,  slightly  unequal,  scarcely  or  not  at  all  exserted;  filaments 
short,  villous,  at  least  near  the  base;  anthers  2-cclled,  the  sacs  parallel,  distinct.  vStyle  short 
or  sletuler.  Capsule  globose  or  ovoid,  acute  and  more  or  less  compressed  at  the  summit. 
Seeds  numerous,  reticulated.  [Named  for  .\dani  .'Vf/.elius,  1750-1S12,  botanical  professor  at 
Upsala.  ] 

About  10  species,  natives  of  North  America,  Mexico  aud  JIadagascar.  Besides  the  fono\.'ing, 
4  others  inhabit  the  southern  I'nited  States. 

1.   Afzelia  macrophylla  (Nutt.)  Kuntze.      Mullen  Foxglove.     (Fig.  3302.) 

Si'vnieria  macrophyUa  Nutt.  Gen.  2;  49.      181S. 
(,'irardia  macrophyUa  Benth.  Coinp.  Bot.  Mag.  i: 

205.      iS3,S- 
./.  macrophylla  Kuntze,  Rev.  Gen.  PI.  457.     1S91. 

Annual  (?),  puberulent  or  glabrate;  stem 
sparingly  branched,  or  simple,  4°-6°  high. 
Lower  leaves  long-pctioled,  pinnatcly  parted, 
6'-i5'  long,  their  segments  lanceolate,  coarsely 
dentate,  irregularly  incised,  or  pinnatifid;  upper 
leaves  short-petioled  or  sessile,  oblong  or  lanceo- 
late, i'-3'  long,  entire,  obtuse  or  acutish  at  the 
apex,  narrowed  at  the  base,  each  with  a  sessile 
flower  in  its  axil;  flowers  ^"-^"  long;  calyx- 
lobes  lanceolate  or  ovate,  acute,  about  as  long  as 
the  tube;  corolla  light  yellow,  2-3  times  as  long 
as  the  calyx,  woolly  in  the  throat;  style  short, 
club-shaped;  capsule  globose-ovoid,  2,"-\"  high, 
twice  as  long  as  the  calyx. 

In  moist  thickets  and  iilong  streams,  Ohio  to 
Iowa  and  Nebraska,  south  to  Kentucky  and  Texas. 
Aug.-Oct. 


i  '.uniit! 


Vol..  III.] 


FIGWORT  FAMILY. 


173 


24.  DASYSTOMA  Raf.  Journ.  Phys.  89:  99.  1819. 
Larjje  erect  simple  or  branched,  glaiulular-puherulent,  pubescent  or  glabrous,  annual 
or  perennial  lierbs,  partly  parasitic  on  the  roots  of  other  plants,  with  opposite  or  some 
alternate  leaves,  and  large  showy  yellow  flowers,  in  terminal  mostly  leafy-bracted  racemes 
or  panicles.  Calyx  canipanulate  or  turbinate,  5-lobed,  the  lobes  longer  than  or  equalling 
the  tube,  sometimes  foliaceous.  Corolla  slightly  irregular,  funnelform,  or  campanulate- 
funnelform,  the  tube  villous  or  pubescent  within,  the  limb  spreading,  5-lobed.  Stamens 
4,  didynamous,  included,  villous  or  pubescent;  filaments  slender;  anthers  all  alike,  their  sacs 
distinct,  parallel,  awncd  at  the  base.  Style  filiform.  Capsule  oblong,  acute,  loculicidally 
dehiscent,  many-seeded,  longer  than  the  calyx.  [Greek,  thick  or  hairy  mouth,  referring 
to  the  corolla.] 

Six  species,  natives  of  eastern  North  America. 
Plant  Klandular-pubLSCLnl;  corolla  pubescent  without.  i.  D.  Pcdkularia. 

Puberuknt,  cinereous  or  glabrous;  corolla  glabrous  without. 
Cinereous  puberulent. 

leaves  entire,  dentiite,  or  some  of  the  lower  pinnatiful,  firm.  2.  D.flava. 

Leaves  all  pinnatifid,  lliiu.  3.  D.  graitdijloia. 

Glabrous  or  very  nearly  so  tliroupliout. 

Leaves  entire,  or  the  lowest  dentate  or  incised.  4.  D.  lari'if^ala. 

Leaves,  at  least  all  but  the  ui)permosl,  piiuiatifid.  5.   U.  i'iri;!iiica. 

I.   Dasystoma  Pedicularia  (L,. )  Benth.     Fern-leaved  or  Lotisewort  P'alse 

Foxglove.     (Fig.  3303.) 

Geiardia  Pedicularia  I,.  .Sp.  PI,  fin.      1753. 
Dasysloma  Pedicularia  Hetitli.  in  DC.  Prodr. 
16:521.      1^46. 

.\nnnal  or  biennial,  glamlular-pubes- 
ccnt,  viscid,  and  with  some  longer  hairs; 
stem  rather  slender,  much  branched, 
leafy,  l°-4°  high.  Leaves  sessile,  or  the 
lower  pctiolcd,  i-2-pinnatifi(l,  ovate  or 
ovate-lanceolate  in  oulflinc,  usually  broad- 
est at  the  base,  I'-x,'  lo"Ki  the  segments 
incised  or  crenate-dcntatc;  pedicels  slen- 
der, ascending,  mostly  longer  than  the 
calyx,  i'-2'  long  in  fruit;  calyx-lolies  ob- 
long, foliaceous,  usually  incised  or  pin- 
natilid,  's"-^"  long,  corolla  I'-i'i'  long, 
pubescent  without,  the  limb  about  i' 
broad;  capsule  pubescent,  5"-6'''  long,  its 
beak  flat. 

In  dry  woods  and  thickets,  Maine  and  On- 
tario to  Minnesota,  south  to  Florida  and 
Missouri.     Aug. -Sept. 

2.    Dasystoma   flstva  (I^.)  Wood. 
Downy  Fal.se  Foxglove.     (Fig.   3304.) 

Gcraidia  fla^a  L.  Sp.  PI.  610.      175,?. 

D.  puhescens  Benth.  in  DC.  Prodr.  10:  520.      18.(6. 

Dasystoma  Jlaza  Wood,  Bol.  &  I'lor.  230.      1S73. 

Perennial,  downy,  grayish;  stem  strict,  erect, 
simple,  or  with  a  few  nearly  erect  branches,  2°- 
4°  high.  Leaves  oblong,  lanceolate  or  ovate- 
lanccolatc,  firm,  entire,  or  the  lower  sinuate- 
dentate  or  sometimes  pinuatifid,  3'-6'  long, 
short  petioled,  the  lobes  obtuse;  the  upper  much 
smaller  and  sessile,  passing  into  the  bracts  of  the 
raceme;  pedicels  stout,  usually  shorter  than  the 
calyx  even  in  fruit;  calyx-lobes  lanceolate,  en- 
tire, about  as  long  as  the  tube;  corolla  I'/i'-i' 
long,  glabrous  outside,  its  tube  much  expanded 
above;  capsule  S'^-io"  long,  pubescent,  twice  as 
long  as  the  calyx. 

In  dry  woods  and  thickets,  eastern  Massachusetts 
to  Gnl.irio  and  Wisconsm,  south  to  southern  New 
York,  Georgia  and  Mississippi.    July-Aug. 


' 


•'9v-*^r..y'  "g^j  u'vr™ 


^f^- 


^74 


SCROrilULARIACEAE. 


[Vol..  III. 


3.  Dasystoma  grandiflora  (Beiith. )  Wood. 
Western  False  Foxglove.     (Fig.  3305.) 

fitnudiagraiidijlora  Ik-nth.  Conip.  Hot.  Jlaif.  i-  206 

O.  Dnimmondii  Heiith.  in  DC.  I'lddr.  lo:  520. 
D.SrainiiJIora  Wood,  Hot.  &  Flor.  231.      1873. 


:8.46. 


Perennial,  cinereous-puberulent  and  roiighisli; 
stem  much  branched,  very  leafy  to  tlie  top,  2°-3° 
lii^h,  tlic  branches  ascending  or  spreading. 
Leaves  short-petioled,  thin,  ovate  or  ovate-lanceo- 
late in  outline,  all  pinnalifid  or  dce])ly  incised,  2'- 
4'  long,  the  lobes  acute  or  obtuse,  serrate,  or  nearly 
entire;  upper  leaves  smaller,  sessile;  pedicels, 
even  in  fruit,  shorter  than  the  calyx;  calyx-lobes 
oblong  or  ovate,  dentate  or  entire,  about  as  long 
as  the  tube;  corolla  i  li'-i'  long,  glabrous  without, 
its  tube  much  expanded  above. 

In  dry  woods  andjthickcts,  Miinitsota  and  Wiscon- 
sin to  Tennessee  and  Ttxas.     July-.\ug. 


4.  Dasystoma  laevigata  Raf.  Jvntire- 
leaved  False  Foxglove.    (Fig.  3306.) 

Geiardia  laeriffda  Raf.  Ann.  Nat.  13.      1820. 
Dasvslonia  qucicifcilia  var.  i>ileg>ifolia  Ik-nth. 

in  DC.  Prodr.  ib:  520.     1846. 
Dasvsloma  laevie;ata  Raf.;  Chapni.  Fl.  S.  States, 

VA.  2,  636.      1883. 

Perennial,  glabrous  or  very  nearly  so.  not 
glaucous;  stem  strict,  simple,  or  sparingly 
branched,  i  "-3°  high,  the  branches  ascending. 
Leaves  usually  all  petioled,  lanceolate  or 
ovate-lanceolate,  lyi'-V  long,  entire,  or  the 
lowest  dentate  or  incised;  pedicels  shorter 
than  the  calyx,  or  in  fruit  longer;  calyx-lobes 
ovate-lanceolate,  equalling  or  shorter  than 
the  tube;  corolla  glabrous  without,  I'-i'j' 
long,  the  limb  fully  as  broad,  the  tube  much 
expanded  above;  capsule  glabrous,  twice  as 
long  as  the  calyx. 

In  dry  thickets,  Pennsylvania  to  Michigan, 
soixth  to  Georgia.    July-Aug. 


5.  Dasystoma  Virginica  (L.)  Britton. 
Smooth  False  Foxglove.     (Fif .  3307. ) 

J^liinantlitis  Virffiiiicus  I,.  Sp.  PI.  603.      1753. 
Goardia  quetcifolia   Pursh,   Fl.  Am.   Set)t.   425 

pi.  10.      1814. 
/'.  qiieirifolia  Beiith.  in  DC.  Prodr.  lo:  52.).     1846. 
I).  ^7;5'-»H/Va  Britton,  Mem.  Torr.  Club,  5: 295.    1894. 

Perennial,  glabrous  and  glaucous;  stem  strict, 
rather  stout,  usually  branched,  3°-6°  high,  the 
branches  ascending.  Leaves  usually  all  peti- 
oled, ovate  or  ovate-lanceolate  in  outline,  the 
lower  i-2-pinnatifid,  4'-6'  long,  the  upper  pin- 
natifid  or  deeply  incised,  the  lobes  lanceolate  or 
oblong,  acute,  entire,  or  dentate;  fruiting  pedi- 
cels longer  than  the  calyx;  calyx-lobes  ovate 
or  ovate-lanceolate,  acute,  entire,  about  equal- 
ling the  tube;  corolla  xVi'-z'  long,  glabrous 
outside,  its  tube  not  widely  expanded  above; 
capsule  glabrous,  twice  as  long  as  the  calyx. 

In  dry  or  moist  woods,  Maine  to  Minnesota, 
south  to  Florida  and  Illinois.    July-Sept. 


Vol..  III.] 


FIGVVORT   FAMILY. 


175 


25.    GERARDIA  I^.  Sp.  PI.  610.       1753. 

Erect  branching  annual  or  perennial  herbs,  some  South  American  species  shrubby, 
niaiuly  with  opposite  and  sessile  leaves.  I'lowers  showy,  usually  larj;e,  purple,  violet,  yel- 
low, red,  or  rarely  white,  racemose,  or  paniculate,  or  solitary  and  axillary.  Calyx  campanu- 
late,  5-toothed,  or  s-lobod.  Corolla  somewhat  irretjular,  caii'panulate,  or  fuunelform,  the 
tube  broad,  short,  or  elongated,  the  limb  5-lobed,  slightly  2-lipped,  the  lower  lobes  exterior 
in  the  bud.  Stamens  4,  didynamous,  included;  filaments  more  or  less  pubescent;  anthers 
2-celled,  their  sacs  obtuse  or  mucronatc  at  the  base,  style  filiform.  Capsule  globose  or 
ovoid,  loculicidally  dehiscent,  many-seeded.  Seeds  numerous,  mostly  angled.  [Named  for 
Jcl'.n  Gerarde,  surgeon  and  botanist,  author  of  the  Herbal  (1597)  died  1612.  ] 

About  40  species,  natives  of  America.  Iksides  tlie  following,  some  lo  others  occur  in  the 
southern  United  Slates.     Most  of  the  species  blacken  in  drying, 

->r    Flowers  pedicelled  ;  anthers  all  alike. 
Pedicels  in  flower  shorter  than  the  caly.x,  or  but  1-2  times  us  long. 
Corolla  i()"-i,V'  lotiff. 

Caly-x-teetli  minute;  root  perennial.  i.   G.  liiii/olia. 

Calyx-teelli  triauKiilar,  lanceolate  or  obloii)?,  acute;  annuals. 

Leaves  very  scabrous,  filiform;  capsule  oblong.  2. 

Leaves  slightly  scabrous,  linear;  capsule  globose.  3. 

Corolla  5"-8"  long. 

Caly.\teelli  trianifular-sulmlate,  acute.  4. 

Caly.xteetli  broad,  short,  obtuse.  5. 

Pedicels  in  flower  2-()  times  as  long  as  the  calyx. 

Leaves  linear,  spreading  or  ascending;  capsule  globo.se. 

Leaves  li"-i"  wide,  .'j'-ili'  long;  pedicels  spreading.  6. 

Leaves  i"-2"  wide,  iIj-.V  long;  pedicels  ascending.  7. 

Leaves  subulate,  short,  nearly  erect;  capsule  oblong.  8 

■X-   -X-   Flowers  sessile;  anthers  of  the  shorter  stamens  smaller. 
Leaves  lanceolate  or  ovate  laueeol.ite,  entire  or  nearly  so.  9. 


G.  asfitra. 
G.  purpurea. 

G.  pauperctila. 
G.  mai  iliiiia. 


G.  lenuifolia. 
G.  Hcssejana. 
G.  Skinneriana. 


Leaves  piunately  divided  into  3- 


linear-segnienls. 


G.  auriculala. 
10.  G.  densiJJora. 


I.    Gerardia  linifolia  Nutt.     Flax-leaved 
Gerardia.     (Fig.  330S.) 

Gerardia  Ihn/olia  Nutt.  Gen.  2:47.     1818. 

Perennial,  glabrous  and  smooth;  stem  branched,  2°-3° 
high.  Leaves  narrowly  linear,  i'-2''  long,  i"-!^^"  wide, 
erect,  the  upper  much  smaller  and  subulate;  pedicels 
erect,  in  flower  equalling  era  little  longcr  than  the  calyx, 
longer  in  fruit;  calyx  campauulate,  truncate,  its  teeth 
minute;  corolla  purple,  about  1'  long,  narrower  than  that 
of  the  two  following  species,  villous  within,  the  lobes 
ciliate;  filaments  and  anthers  densely  villous;  anther-sacs 
mucronatc  at  the  base;  capsule  globose,  i"--},"  in  diam- 
eter, but  little  longer  than  the  calyx. 

In  moist  pine  barrens,  Delaware  to  Florida.  Also  in  Cuba. 
Aug.-Sept. 


2.   Gerardia  aspera  Dougl.      Rough  Purple 
Gerardia.     (Fig.  3309.) 

G.  aspera  Dougl.;  lienth.  in  DC.  Prodr.  10:  517.      i8|(). 

Annual,  i°-2°  high,  hispidulous-scabrous  with 
rough  stiff  short  whitish  hairs,  branched,  the  branches 
nearly  erect.  Leaves  narrow  y  linear,  i'-ij<'  long, 
less  than  1"  wide,  erect  or  ascending;  pedicels  equal- 
ling or  becoming  longer  than  the  turbinate  calyx; 
calyx-teeth  triangular-ovate  or  triangular- lanceolate, 
acute,  one-fourth  to  one-third  as  long  as  the  tube; 
corolla  deep  purple,  about  i'  long,  nearly  or  quite 
glabrous  within,  very  pubescent  without,  the  lobes 
ciliate;  filaments  villous;  anthers  all  alike,  obtuse  at 
the  base;  capsule  oblong,  y-\"  high,  considerably 
longer  than  the  calyx. 

On  dry  plains  and  prairies,  Indiana  to  South  Dakota,  south  to  Missouri  and  .\rkansas. 


.\ug.-Oct. 


176 


SCROI'HULARIACKAE. 


[Vol,.  III. 


Gerardia  purpurea  h. 


Oct. 


4.    Gerardia  paupercula  (A.  Ciray)  Britton. 

(I'ik;.  331 1-) 

Gerariliti  fiuif^iirfa  VAX.  piiiif>riru!a  A.  (iiay,  Syii. 

2:  I'arl  i,  2u,\.     1S7S, 
Gerardia  mlerniedia  Porter;  A.  Ciray,  loc.  cit.    As 

synonym.       i,S7S, 
C.  paiipiriiihi  Hritton,  Mcni.Torr.Club,  5:  295.    iSq(. 

Annual,  glabrous  anil  smooth  or  very  nearly 
so;  stems  strict,  braneheil  above,  6'-iS'  lii^li, 
the  branches  nearly  erect.  Leaves  narrowly 
linear,  Yi'-V  lonf,',  Yz"-!"  wide,  spreailinj,'  or 
ascending;  pedicels  equalling  the  calyx,  or 
longer  in  fruit;  calyx  canipauulate,  its  teeth 
about  one-half  the  length  of  the  tube,  triangular- 
lanceolate,  acute,  or  acuminate;  corolla  6"-io" 
long,  rose  purple,  its  limb  about  as  broad,  some- 
what villous  in  the  throat  within,  the  lobes  cili- 
ate;  stamens  very  villous;  anther-sacs  mucronu- 
late  at  the  base;  capsule  globose-oblong,  3" 
high,  longer  than  the  calyx. 

In  boRsand  low  meadows.  (Quebec  to  New  Jersey, 
west  to  Manitoba  and  Wisconsin.    July-Sept. 


Large  Purple  Gerardia.     i.Fip.  3310.) 

(irrarrlia  pnr/itirra  I,.  Sp.  PI.  610.      1753. 

Annual,  glabrous,  smooth,  or  roughish;  stem 
slender,  branched,  i°-2,'2°  high,  the  branches 
spreading  or  ascending.  Leaves  narrowly  lin- 
ear, usually  widely  spreading,  I'-i^'j'  long, 
about  i"  wide,  sometimes  with  smaller  ones  fas- 
cicled in  Iheir  axils;  llowers  racemose  on  the 
branches,  purple  (rarely  white),  about  l'  long 
and  broad;  pedicels  shorter  than  or  but  little 
longer  than  the  canipauulate  calyx,  even  ir> 
fruit;  calyx-teeth  triangular-lanceolate  or  ovate- 
oblong,  acute,  one-third  to  one-half  the  length  of 
the  tube;  corolla  much  expanded  above,  villous 
or  nearly  glabrous  within,  the  lobes  ciliolate;  an- 
thers all  alike,  the  sacs  mucronulate  at  the  base; 
filaments  villous;  capsule  globose,  2"-},"  in 
diameter,  longer  than  the  calyx. 

In  moist  fields  and  meadows,  Maine  and  south- 
ern   Ontario    to    p'lorida,    mostly    near   tin: 
Auk. 


coast. 


Siuall-nowerecl  Gerardia. 


5.  Gerardia  maritima  Raf.      Sea-side  or 
Salt-marsh  Gerardia.     (Fig.  3312.) 

Gerardia  marilima  Raf.  Med.  Rep.  (II)  5:  361.     1808. 

Annual,  smooth  and  glabrous,  fleshy;  stem  erect, 
usually  branched,  \'-\(i'  high,  the  branches  as- 
cending. Leaves  linear,  thick,  Yi'-i'  long,  i"  wide 
or  less,  obtuse,  spreading,  the  uppermost  very  small 
and  subulate,  scarcely  longer  than  the  pedicels; 
pedicels  in  flower  shorter  than  or  equalling  the 
calyx,  abot  twice  as  long  in  fruit;  calyx-teeth 
broad,  short,  obtuse;  corolla  rose-purple,  5"-9" 
long,  glabrous,  '.u  limb  about  as  broad;  anther-sacs 
mucronulate  at  the  base,  capsule  globose-oblong, 
2"-i"  high. 

In  salt  marshes,  Maine  to  Florida  and  Louisiana. 
July-Aug.  The  southern  plant  has  larger  flowers  than 
the  northern,    l-'lowers  before  the  upland  species. 


I>;i 


Vor.  III.] 


FIGWORT   I'AMIIA'. 


177 


6.    Gerardia  tenuifolia  Vahl.     Slender  Gerardia 

<-i^raidia  lenuifolia  V;ilil,  Syiub.  Hot.  3:  79.  170I. 
Annual,  glabrous;  stem  very  slender,  panicu- 
lately  branclied,  W-2\'  \\\\:\\,  tlie  branches 
spreailinf;  or  ascending.  Leaves  very  narrowly 
linear,  acute,  Yi'-i  '4'  long,  ]i"-\"  wide,  spread- 
ing; pedicels  mostly  equalling  or  longer  than 
the  flowers;  calyx  canipanulate,  its  teeth  verj' 
short,  pointed;  corolla  light  purple,  spotted, 
rarely  white,  G'^-g"  long,  vertically  compressed 
when  fully  expanded,  minutely  puberulcnt,  or 
glabrous;  anther-sacs  mucroiiate  at  the  base; 
capsule  globose  or  slightly  obovoid,  2'''-2|^"  in 
diameter,  longer  than  the  calyx. 

In  dry  woods  and  thickets,  Queluc  to  (U'orRia, 
west  to  western  Ontario,  Illinois  and  Louisiana. 
AiiK.-Oct. 

Gerardia  tenuifolia  asperula  .\.  Oray,  Hot.  Gaz.  4:  155. 

■.M'%->^  1S79. 

Leaves  scabrous  on  the  upper  surface,  linear-fili- 
form; corolla  not  conii)resscd.  On  <lry  hills  and 
banks.  Ontario  to  Indiana  and  Missouri. 


(Fig-  3313-) 


8. 


1847. 
i860. 


Gerardia  Skinneriana  Wood, 
tier's  Gerardia.     (Fig.  3315.) 

<it'iardia  Skintieriana  Wood,  Classbook,  40S. 
ticrardia  parvifolia  Cliapni.  Fl.  S.  States,  300. 

Annual,  roughish;  stem  strict,  striate,  branched, 
or  sometitnes  simple,  6'-i.S'  high,  very  slender,  the 
branches  erect  or  ascending.  Leaves  setaceous,  as- 
cending or  commonly  erect  and  apprcsscd,  yi'~\' 
long,  ^2"  wide  or  less,  the  uppermost  minute;  pedi- 
cels longer  than  the  calyx,  scarcely  longer  than  the 


flowers,  2-4  times  the  length  of  the  capsule;  calyx-    \ 
feeth  minute;  corolla  light  purple,  ^"-k"  long  and     ^ 


about  as  broad,  glabrous  without,  its  lobes  ciliolate; 
capsule  oblong,  2"-},"  high,  considerably  longer 
than  the  calyx. 

In  dry  sandy  "woods  and  thickets,  eastern'Massachu- 
setts  to  Florida,'west  to  Minnesota,  Iowa  and  Louisiana. 
Aug.-Oet. 

ta 


7.    Gerardia    Besseyana    Britten. 
Be.ssey'.s  Gerardia.     (Fig.  3314.) 

(!rt ardia  lenuifolia  var.  macropliylla  lienth.Coinp. 

Hot.  Mapf.  1:2.19.  iS^.i-  Not  (r.  W(7f/o/i/;j'//a  Hentii. 
lierardia  /?«it'i'a«a  liritton,  Mem.  Torr.  Club,  5: 

295.      1S94. 

Annual;  stem  glabrous,  rather  stout,  strict, 
branched,  i°-2°  high,  the  branches  ascending  or 
nearly  erect.  Leaves  linear,  1 '-2' long,  \"-2" 
wide,  scabrous,  acute,  ascending;  pedicels  as- 
cending, longer  than  the  flowers;  calyx  cani- 
panulate, its  t'-eth  triangular-subulate,  one-third 
to  one-half  tue  length  of  the  tube;  corolla  pur- 
ple, 5"-6"  long;  capsule  globose,  2"--^"  in  di- 
ameter, exceeding  the  calyx. 

On  dry  hills  and  prairies,  Iowa  to  Nebr.iska  and 
Colorado,  south  to  Louisiana  and  Kansas.  July- 
Sept. 


Skin- 


178 


SCROI'HULAKIACRAE. 


[Vol..  III. 


Gerardia  auriculata  Miclix. 


;  111;! 


i ;:: 


11 


Auricled  Gerardia.     (Fig.  3316.) 

(7.  am  iiulala  Miclix.  I'l.  Bor.  .^m.  i:  20.      i8ii,^. 

Annual,  scabrous;  stem  slender,  simple,  or 
branched  above,  hirsute,  i°-2°  high.  Leaves 
lanceolate  or  ovate-lanceolate,  acuminate  at  the 
apex,  sessile,  mostly  rounded  and  2-lobed  at 
the  base,  or  quite  entire,  i''-2'  long,  the  basal 
lobes  oblong  or  lanceolate,  obtusish,  short; 
flowers  solitary  in  the  upper  axils,  sessile, 
purple,  S'^-io"  long;  calyx  5-cleft,  its  lobes 
lanceolate,  acute,  slightly  unequal,  as  long  as 
or  longer  than  the  tube;  corolla  densely  pu- 
berulent  outside,  glabrous  within;  filaments 
glabrous;  anthers  of  the  shorter  stamens  smaller 
than  those  of  the  longer;  anther-sacs  obtuse  at 
the  base;  capsule  ovid-oblong,  about  li'  high, 
a  little  shorter  than  the  calyx. 

In  moist  open  soil.  IViiiisylvania  to  Minnesota, 
south  to  North  Caroliti.i  niul  Kansas.  Adventive 
at  VVoodbridgc,  N.  J.    July  Sept. 


10.    Gerardia  densiflora  Benth.      Cut- 
leaved  Gerardia.      (Fig.  3317.) 
G.  demiflota  Rentli.  Conip.  Hot.  Mag;,  i:  206.     1S35. 

Annual,  scabrous  and  short-hispid;  stems  stiff, 
erect,  branched,  or  simple,  i°-2yi°  high,  very 
leafy.  Leaves  sessile,  ovate  in  outline,  ascend- 
ing, about  l'  long,  pinnately  parted  nearly  to 
the  midvein  into  3-7  narrowly  linear  acme 
rigid  segments  less  than  1"  wide;  flowers  i'- 
i}4'  long,  rose-purple,  sessile  in  the  upper  axils; 
calyx  5-cleft,  its  lobes  linear,  acuminate,  ciliatc, 
about  as  long  as  the  tube;  corolla  glabrous  both 
outside  and  within;  filaments  glabrous  or  vil- 
lous; anthers  of  the  shorter  stamens  smaller 
than  those  of  the  longer;  capsule  about ,'+ '  high, 
shorter  than  the  calyx. 

On  dry  prairies,  Kansas  to  Texas.     Au^.-Oct. 

26.  CASTILLEJA  Mutis;  L.  f.  Siippl.  47.  1781. 
Herbs,  parasitic  on  the  roots  of  other  plants,  with  alternate  leaves,  and  red  yellow  purple 
or  white  flowers,  in  dense  leafy-bracted  spikes,  the  bracts  often  brightly  colored  and  larger 
than  the  flowers.  Calyx  tubular,  laterally  compressed,  cleft  at  the  summit  on  the  upper  side, 
or  also  on  the  lower,  the  lobes  entire  or  2-toothed.  Corolla  very  irregular,  its  tube  not  longer 
than  the  calyx,  its  limb  2-lipped;  upper  lip  (galea)  arched,  elongated,  concave  or  keeled, 
laterally  compressed,  entire,  enclosing  the  4  didynamous  stamens;  lower  lip  short,  3-lobed. 
Anther-sacs  oblong  or  linear,  unequal,  the  outer  one  attaclied  to  the  filament  by  its  middle, 
the  inner  one  pendulous  from  its  apex.  Style  filiform;  stigma  entire  or  2-lobed.  Capsule 
ovoid  or  oblong,  loculicidally  dehiscent,  many-seeded.  Seeds  reticulated.  [Named  for  Cas- 
tillejo,  a  Spanish  botanist.] 

About  40  species,  mostly  natives  of  the  New  World.     In  addition  to  the  following,  about  31 
others  occur  in  the  western  parts  of  North  America. 

-X-   Plants  villous-pubescent. 
Bracts  broad,  dilated,  lobed,  or  entire. 

Stem  leaves  deeply  and  irregularly  cleft  into  narrow  scKUients.  i.  C.  coccinea. 

Leaves  linear-lanceolate,  entire,  or  rarely  with  a  few  lobes.  2.  C.  indivisa. 

Bracts  linear  or  linear-lanceolate,  entire.  3.  C.  minor. 

^  {<-   Plants  glabrous,  woolly  at  the  summit,  or  cinereous-puberulent. 

Glabrous,  or  tomentose  at  the  summit;  leaves  lanceolate,  mostly  entire.  4.  C.  acuminata. 

Cinereous-puberulent,  pale;  stem  leaves  cleft.  5.  C.  sessiliflora. 


SU^ 


Vol,.  III.] 


riGWORT   FAMILY. 


'79 


4 


3Ut   31 


tuala. 
lora. 


1.    Castilleja  coccinea  (L,.)  SpreiiR.     vScarlet  Painted-cup.     Indian  Paint- 
brush.    (Fig.  3318.) 

/far/si'a  cocchwn  I<.  Sp.  I'l.  602.      ir.i.V 
Caslill<;\i  loiiiiiia  Sprciig.  Syst.  2:775.      I'JS. 

AniuiHl  or  biennial,  villou.s-puhcscent;  stem 
rather  sk'mler.siinple.or  with  few  erect  braiichci, 
I°-2°  liigli.  I, eavea  sessile,  parallel-vciiied,  the 
basal  oblong,  obovate,  or  linear,  tufied,  mostly 
entire,  I'-j'  long,  those  of  the  stem  deeply 
3-5-t'left  into  linear  obtusisli  segments,  the 
bracts  broaiicr  and  shorter,  3-5-lobed  or  cleft, 
bright  red  or  scarlet,  conspicuons;  flowers  ses- 
sile, io"-i2"  long,  usnally  not  exceeding  the 
bracts;  calyx  cleft  both  above  and  below  into  2 
dilated  entire  or  retuse  oblong  and  obtuse  lobes, 
sometimes  scarlet;  corolla  greenish-yellow,  its 
tube  shorter  than  the  calyx,  its  upper  lip  much 
longer  than  the  lower;  capsule  oblong,  acute, 
5"-6"  long. 

In  meadows  and  moist  thickets,  Maine  and  Onta- 
rio to  Manitoba,  south  to  Virginia,  'IVnncsscr,  Kan- 
sas and  'IVxas.  .\sccnds  to  (ooo  ft  in  XMiginia. 
liracts  and  calyx  rarely  yellow.     May  July. 


2.    Castilleja  indivisa  luigelm.      luitire- 
leaved  Painted-cup.      (Fig.  3319.) 

Castilleja  hidi-c'isa  ( Ivngelin. )  Rngelm.  &  Gray,  Bost. 
Journ.  Nat.  Hist.  5:  255.      1S45. 

Winter-annual;  stem  villous  pubescent,  usually 
simple,  .S'-iS'  high.  Leaves  sessile,  parallel- 
veined,  linear  to  linear-lanceolate,  i'-4'  long, 
\yi"-2i"  wide,  entire,  or  rarely  with  2-4  lateral 
lobes;  no  tuft  of  basal  leaves;  bracts  dilated,  obo- 
vate to  spatnlate,  bright  red;  flowers  sessile,  about 
I '  long  or  less,  not  longer  than  the  bracts;  calyx  cleft 
as  in  the  preceding  species,  and  corolla  similar. 

In  .sandy  soil,  Kansas  to  Texas.     Spring. 


3.    Castilleja  minor  A.  Gray.      Sniall- 
flowered  Painted-cup.     (F'ig.  3320.) 

Caslillija  affntis  var.   minor  A.  Oiay,  Hot    JIcx. 

Hound.  Surv.  119.      1S59. 
Castilltja  minor  A.  Gray,  in  Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot. 

Cal.  i:57,v      1876. 

Annual, villous-pubesccnt;  stem  slender,  strict, 
simple,  or  with  i  or  2  erect  branches,  i°-2yi° 
high.  Leaves  all  linear-lanceolate  and  entire, 
parallel-veined,  sessile,  acuminate,  2'-3'  long, 
the  bracts  similar,  smaller,  red  or  red-tipped; 
very  narrow,  equalling  or  longer  than  theshort- 
pedicelled  flowers;  calyx  green,  cleft  on  both 
sides  to  about  the  middle,  the  lobes  lanceolate, 
acute,  entire,  or  2-toothed;  corolla  yellow,  6"- 
10''  long,  its  upper  lip  much  longer  than  the 
small  lower  one;  capsule  oblong,  acute,  6'''-S" 
long. 

In  moist  .soil,  Montana  and  western  Nebraska  to  New  Mexico,  west  to  Nevada  and  Ari/.ona. 
May-July. 


^1   }} 


ji 


'\^' 


§ 


'  A~ 


i8o 


SCROPIIUI.ARIACKAK. 


[Vor,.  III. 


4.  Castilleja  acuminata  (Pursh)  Spreng.     lyance-leaved  Painted-cup. 

(Fig.  3321.) 

/liir/.u'a  iiiiniiinalii  I'lirsli,  I'M.  Am.  Sept.  429,     1814. 
Castilleja  atiimiiiala  Sprctit;.  Sysl.  2:  77s.      1S25. 
Castilleja  sc[>lt-nl)  iniuili'i  I.iiuU.  lint.  Kc^c.   />/.  9-'i. 

1825. 
Ciislillcja  jiiittiila  viir.   ■icj'InilridnaHs  A.  tir.iy,  in 

Ilrcw.  X:  Watrt.  Hot.  Cal.  I:  575.       1876. 

Perennial,  glabrous,  or  loosely  toitientose 
above;  steins  slender,  commonly  clustered,  6'-2"  | 
hij;li,  nsually  simple.  Leaves  sessile,  ^-.s-nerved,  v 
mostly  (luitc  entire,  tile  lower  linear,  the  npper 
lanceolate,  acuminate  or  acute  at  tlie  apex,  some- 
what narrowed  at  the  base,  2'-4'  long;  bracts 
oblong,  oval,  or  obovate,  obtuse,  dentate,  or  en- 
tire, yellowish,  greenish-while  or  purple,  as  long 
as  the  sessile  flowers;  calyx  cleft  on  both  sides  to 
about  the  middle,  the  lobes  lanceolate,  usually 
again  2-cleft;  corolla  6"-8"  long,  its  u])per  lip 
2-4  times  as  long  as  the  lower;  capsule  oblong, 
b"-V,"  high. 

In  moist  soil,  I.iibrailor  to  Alaska,  the  mountains 
of  New  Ivupland,  Ontario,  Jliiniesota,  the  lllack 
Hills,  in  the  Rocky  Mountains  to  Colora<lo  and  lo 
British  Columbia.    Junc-Aug. 


5.    Castilleja    sessilifldra    Pursh. 
Downy  Painted-cup.     (Fig.  3322.) 

Castilleja  sessilijlora  Pursh,  .\iu.  Sept.  738.  1814. 

Perennial,  cinerous-puberulent  all  over; 
stems  stoUi,  simple,  or  branched  from  near 
the  base,  f- 15'  high,  densely  leafy.  Leaves 
sessile,  i'-2'  long,  the  lowest  commonly 
linear,  obtuse  and  entire,  the  others  laciniate 
into  narrow,  entire  or  cleft  segments;  bracts 
green,  similar  to  the  upper  leaves,  shorter 
than  the  sessile  flowers;  calyx  deeper  cleft 
on  the  lower  side  than  on  the  upper,  its  lobes 
linear-lanceolate,  acute;  corolla  yellowish, 
lYi'  long,  the  upper  lip  about  twice  as  long 
as  the  lower,  the  lobes  of  the  latter  linear; 
capsule  oblong-lanceolate,  acute,  6"-^"  long. 

On  dry  prairies,  Manitoba  to  the  Northwest 
Territory,  south  to  Illinois,  Nebraska,  Wyoming 
and  Texas.     May-July. 


27.    ORTHOCARPUS  Nutt.  Gen.  2:  56.       1818. 

Annual  or  rarely  perennial  herbs,  mostly  with  alternate  leaves,  and  yellow  white  or  pur- 
plish flowers,  in  bracted  usually  dense  spikes,  the  bracts  sometimes  brightly  colored.  Calyx 
tubular  or  tubular-campanulate,  4-clcft,  or  sometimes  split  down  both  sides.  Corolla  very 
irregular,  the  tube  slender,  the  limb  2-lipped;  upper  lip  little  if  any  longer  than  the  3-lobed 
1-3-saccate  lower  one.  vStamens  4,  didynamous,  ascending  under  the  upper  lip;  anther-sacs 
dissimilar,  the  outer  one  afiixed  by  its  middle,  the  inner  pendulous  from  its  upper  end,  com- 
monly smaller.  Style  filiform;  stigma  entire.  Capsule  oblong,  loculicidally  dehiscent, 
many-seeded.     Seeds  reticulated.     [Greek,  erect-fruit.] 

About  30  species,  natives  of  America,  mostly  of  the  western  United  States,  i  or  2  Andean. 


Vol..  III.] 


I'IGWOKT    FAMII,'.. 


IHI 


pur- 
talyx 
I  very 
lobed 
l-sacs 
com- 
cent, 


1.    Orthocarpus  luteus  \iitl.     Yellow 
Orthocarpii.s.     (Fig.  3323.) 
Oi  IhocatpHs  hileus  Null.  (kii.  2:^,57.      '818. 

Annual,  rougli-pulicsociit  or  pul)erulciit;  .stem  strict, 
erect,  branched  aliove,  or  sinii)lc,  '/-iS'  hi^;li,  densely 
leafy.  Leaves  erect  or  asc<  'clin;,',  linear  or  lanceolate, 
entire,  or  sometimes  3-cleft,  \'-\]i'  Iotij.,',  \"  2"  wide, 
sessile,  lonK-acuminate;  bracts  of  the  dense  spike  lan- 
ceolate, broader  and  shorter  than  the  leaves,  entire  or 
3-cleft,  acute,  ureen,  mostly  lonf;er  than  the  (lowers; 
flowers  brij;ht  yellow,  4"-5"  loiij,';  calyx-teeth  acute, 
shorter  than  the  tube;  corolla  about  twice  as  long  as 
the  calyx,  puberulent  without,  its  ui)pcr  lip  ovate,  ob- 
tuse, about  as  long  as  the  saccate  3-toothed  lower 
one;  capsule  about  as  long  as  the  caly.x-tube. 

On  dry  plains  and  prairies,  Manitoba  lo  Minnesota  and 
Nebraska,  west  tn  liritisli  CoUnnbia  and  Cabrurnia.     July 
Sept. 

28.   SCHWALBEA  I..  Sp.  PI.  606.       1753. 

A  perennial  erect  finely  pubescent  and  minutely  glandular,  simple  or  sparingly  branched, 
leafy  herb,  with  sessile  entire  3-nerved  leaves,  and  rather  large  yellowish-purple  flowers  in  a 
terminal  bracted  spike.  Calyx  tubular,  somewhat  oblique,  ic>-i2-ribl)cd,  abracteolate  at  the 
base,  5-toothcd,  the  upper  tooth  much  the  smallest,  the  2  lower  ones  partly  connate;  corolla 
very  irregular,  the  tube  cylindric,  the  limb  2-lipped;  upper  lip  arched,  concave,  entire;  lower 
lip  somewhat  shorter,  3-lobcd,  2-plaited.  Stamens  4,  didynamous,  ascending  within  Hk"  upper 
lip  of  the  corolla;  auther-.sacs  equal.  Style  filiform.  Capsule  oblong,  many-seeded.  Seeds 
linear,  with  a  loose  reticulated  testa.  [Named  for  C.  G.  Sclnvalbe,  of  Holland,  who  wrote 
(1719)  on  Farther  India.] 

A  nionotypic  genus  of  eastern  North  America. 

1.    Schwalbea  Americana  L.      Chaff- 
seed.     (Fig.  3324.) 

Sclnvalbea  Americana  I,.  Sp.  PI.  6<i6.     1753, 

Stem  slender,  strict,  i°-2°  high.  Leaves  ob- 
long or  ovate-oblong,  entire,  acute  at  both  ends, 
I'-i'/i'  long,  2"-S"  wide,  the  upper  gradually 
smaller  and  passing  into  the  bracts  of  the  rather 
loose  spike;  flowers  very  nearly  sessile,  i'-i/4' 
long,  longer  than  the  bracts;  bractlets  at  the  base 
of  the  calyx  hnear,  shorter  than  its  tube;  corolla- 
tube  slightly  exceeding  the  lower  lobes  of  the 
calyx,  these  connate  to  near  their  apices;  capsule 
enclosed  by  the  calyx. 

In  wet  sandy  soil,  eastern  Massachusetts  to 
Florida  and  Louisiana,  near  the  coast.     May-July. 

29.    EUPHRASIA  L.  Sp.  PI,  604.       1753. 

Annual  or  perennial  low  mostly  branched  herbs,  parasitic  on  other  plants,  with  opposite 
dentate  or  incised  leaves,  and  small  blue  yellow  or  white  flowers  in  terminal  leafy-bracted 
spikes.  Calyx  not  bracteolate  at  the  base,  campanulate  or  tubular,  4-cleft  (rarely  5-cleft 
with  one  of  the  lobes  much  smaller  than  the  others).  Corolla  very  irregular,  2-lipped,  the 
upper  lip  erect,  scarcely  concave,  2-lobed,  its  margins  recurved;  lower  lip  larger,  3-lobed, 
spreading,  its  lobes  either  eniarginate  or  obtuse.  Stamens  4,  didynamous,  ascending  under 
the  upper  lip  of  the  corolla;  anther-sacs  e-;Mal  and  parallel,  mucronate  at  the  base.  Cap- 
sule oblong,  loculicidally  dehiscent,  u-  .  ieeded.  Seeds  oblong,  longitudinally  ribbed. 
[Greek,  delight.] 

About  1 10  species,  natives  of  temperate  and  cold  leRions  of  both  the  northern  and  southern 
hemispheres.     Dcsides  the  following,  another  occurs  in  northwestern  North  America. 


M 


I82 


SCROPHUIvARIACHAR. 


Ilracts,  nnd  iisiiiUy  llir  Icavf!.  (tlaiuliiUir. 

Ncitlur  brads  nor  Iciivis  irl.iiiiUilur,  but  iisiiiiUy  l)iil)i'Sociit. 

Spikes  elDUtfaliil;  liracls  sharply  li»>tlHil;  plant  .('    lo'  liiKh. 

Spike  Hliort,  capitate;  bracts  bluntly  toutlicd;  plant  i'-  2'  liigh. 


[Vol.  III. 

J,  /•;.  lali/olia. 

2.  J'..  Aiiiri icana. 

3.  E.  Oakesii. 


1.  Euphrasia  latifdlia  Pursh.     Olandular 
l';ycl)right.     (Pig.  3,^25.) 

Etifilnasia  lali/olia  I'lirsli,  1"1.  Am.  Sipt.  430.      1814. 

.\iiniial;  stem  erect,  simple,  or  with  n  few  erect 
brunclies  from  near  tlie  base,  pubescent  with  ciispcd 
liair.s,  2'-7'  hi^;h.  I.,eavcs  ovate  to  obovatc,  obtuse, 
2-5-toollie(l  on  each  side,  the  teeth  sharp  or  bhint; 
spike  I '-4'  long,  the  bracts  imbricated,  at  least 
above,  broadly  oval  to  orbicular,  cuncatc  at  the 
base,  sharply  toothtd,  glandul.irputitscenl  beneath 
or  al-io  on  tlie  margins;  calyx-teeth  acute;  corolla 
3"-4"  long,  lilac,  or  variegated;  capsule  oblong- 
elliptic,  ciliate  on  the  margins,  and  more  or  less 
pubescent  or  pilose,  about  as  long  as  the  calyx. 

Cricnland  to  Hudson  I5ay  and  Xew  lirunswiek. 
Also  in  uoitlierii  luiropc.     .Summer. 


2.  Euphrasia  Americana  Wettst.     Hairy 
Eyebright.       (Fig.  3326.) 

Hiiphfasia  AmericaHu  Wettst.  Mon.  ICuph.  127.     1896. 

Annual,  pubescent  with  crisped  hairs;  stem  often 
at  length  nmch  branched,  4'-io''  high.  Leaves 
sessile,  ovate  to  oval,  obtuse  or  acutish  at  the  apex, 
3-Stoothed  on  each  side,  3"-6"  long,  iyi"-.\'/2" 
wide,  the  teeth  acute;  bracts  cuncatc  or  obtuse  at 
the  base,  dentate,  pubescent,  not  glandular,  slightly 
shorter  than  the  flowers;  calyx-teeth  lanceolate, 
acuminate;  corolla  3"-4'''  long.  pur])lish  or  nearly 
white,  its  lobes  emarginate;  capsule  narrow,  cune- 
ate,  2"-2i"  high,  about  equalling  the  calyx. 

In  fu'Uls  nnd  on  hills,  JIaine  and  Xew  Brunswick  to 
Newluundland,  western  Ontario  and  Michigan,  perhaps 
extetidiuff  further  west.     .Summer. 

Euphrasia  officinalis 
.'\nierica. 


I<.    is   not  known   from   North 


3.  Euphrasia  Oakesii  Wettst.     Oakes'  Eyebright. 
(Hig.  3327.) 

Euphrasia  Ociiw/V' Wettst.  Mon.  lUipli.  142.-    1S96. 

Stem  erect  or  ascending,  very  slender  or  filiform,  simple, 
I '-2'  high,  somewhat  pubescent.  Stem  leaves  2  or  3  pairs. 
Bracts  and  leaves  orbicular  or  broadly  oval.narroweil  or  nearly 
truncate  at  the  base,  2"-x,"  long,  obtuse,  pubescent,  not  glan- 
dular, with  2-5  blunt  teeth  on  each  side;  spike  short,  capitate, 
only  2)"~5"  long  the  bracts  densely  imbricated;  calyx-teeth 
triangular-lanceolate,  short;  corolla  i><"-2''' long,  jnirplish; 
capsule  oblong-elliptic,  ciliate,  longer  than  the  calyx. 

White  Mountains  of  New  Hampshire. 


Vot,.  III.j  inOWcRT  I'AMILY.  183 

30.    BARTSIA  h.  Sp.  PI.  602.       175.V 

Annual  or  perennial  herbs,  partly  parasitic  on  tlie  roots  of  other  plants,  with  opposite 
leaves,  ami  purple  pink  red  or  yellow  flowers,  in  terminal  Icafy-bracted  spikes.  Calyx  cam- 
panulate  or  tnljiilar,  .i-toothed  or  4-cleft.  Corolla  very  irregular,  the  tube  straight  or  re- 
curved, the  limb  j-lijiped;  upper  lip  erect,  concave,  entire,  the  margins  not  recurved;  lower 
lip  spreadiuK,  .v'obed.  Stamens  .(,  didynainous,  ascending  under  tlie  ui)])cr  lip  of  the 
corolla;  anther-sacs  similar,  parallel.  Capsule  jjlobose,  oblong;,  or  ovoid,  loculicidally  dehis- 
cent, several-many-seeded.  Seeds  hori/.ontal,  striate,  or  ril)bed.  [Named  for  John  liartsch, 
n  I'russian  botanist,  died  i;,^S.] 

About  6  species  of  tlic  norlhern  luinisphcre.  Only  the  followiuK  is  known  to  occur  in  Nortli 
America. 

I.    Bartsia  alpina  L.     Alpine  Hartsia. 
(Kig.  3328.) 

JIailxia  alfyina  I,.  ,Sp.  I'l.  (mi.      1753. 

Perennial  by  short  rootstocks,  pubescent;  stem 
erect,  leafy,  simple,  or  rarely  with  i  or  2  •'hort 
branches,  ,\'-\(>'  high.  Ivcavcs  sessile,  ovate,  or  ovate- 
oblong,  crenalc-dentate,  obtuse  or  acutisli,  rounded 
and  sometimes  slightly  clasping  at  the  base,  yi'-i' 
long;  bracts  similar,  smaller,  mostly  shorter  than  the 
flowers;  spike  i'-2'  long;  flowers  H'^-io"  long,  some- 
times borne  also  in  the  upper  axils;  calyx  4cleft  nearly 
to  the  middle;  corolla  purple,  its  tube  much  longer 
than  the  calyx;  anthers  pubescent,  at  least  on  the 
back;  capsule  ovoid-oblong,  equalling  or  longer  than 
the  calyx. 

Labrador  to  Greenland  and  the  Arctic  Sea.  Also  in 
Europe.    Summer. 

31.    ODONTITES  Gmel.  Fl.  Sib.  3:  213.       1768. 

Annual  erect  herbs,  half  parasitic  on  the  roots  of  other  plants,  with  small  opposite  leaves, 
and  yellow  or  red  flowers  in  terminal  bractcd  spikes  or  racemes.  Calyx  4-toolhed.  Corolla 
with  a  narrow  tul)e  and  a  strongly  2-lipped  limb,  the  upper  lip  concave,  entire,  or  2-lohed, 
the  lower  3-lobed,  spreading.  Stamens 4,  didynainous,  ascending;  anther-sacs  .similar.  Cap- 
sule mostly  subglobose,  loculicidally  dehiscent.  Seeds  few,  pendulous.  [Cireek,  referring 
to  its  supposed  value  as  a  cure  for  toothache.] 

About  20  species,  mostly  natives  of  the  Mediterranean  region. 


Odontites  Odontites  (L.)  Wettst.     Red  Bartsia. 

(Fig.  3329.) 


Red  Kyebriglit. 


F.uphraiia  Odoitliles  I,.  ,Sp.  PI.  (J04.      175V 
llai'sia  Ddiiiililfs  Huds.  I'l.  .XiirI.  ICd.  2268.      1778. 
OdoiiO/fs  Oilonlilfs  Wettst.  in  Ivngl  &  I'raiitl,  Nat.  Pfl. 
I'ani,  4:  Abt.  3b,  102.      1S91. 

Annual,  appressed-pubescent,  roughish ;  stem 
slender,  at  length  much  branched,  6'-i5'  high,  the 
branches  erect  or  ascending.  Leaves  sessile,  lati- 
ceolate,  or  oblong  lanceolate,  acute  or  acuminate  at 
the  apex,  serrate  with  low  distant  teetli,  sliglitly  nar- 
rowed at  the  base,  '/i'-i yi' long,  i"-3"wide;  spikes 
slender,  becoming  2'-$'  long  in  fruit,  somewhat 
1-sided;  bracts  similar  to  the  leaves,  but  smaller; 
flowers  numerous,  4'''-5'''  long;  calyx  4-nleft;  cor- 
olla red  or  pink,  its  lube  somewhat  longer  than  the 
calyx;  anthers  slightly  pubescent;  capsule  oblong, 
shorter  than  the  calyx. 

In  fields  and  wa.sfe  places,  coast  of  Maine  to  Nova 
Scotia.  Naturalized  from  Europe.  Native  also  of 
Asia.    June-Sept. 


iP 


i 


1 84 


SCROl'IIlI.ARIAClvAlC 


[Vol.  III. 


32.  PEDICULARIS  L.  Sp.  PI.  603.  1753. 
Herbs,  with  allernate  opposite  or  rarely  vcrlicillate,  piiiiiately  lobed  cleft  or  piniialirul 
leaves,  aiid  yellow  red  ])urple  or  white  flowers,  in  terminal  spikes  or  spike-like  racemes.  Caly.K 
tubular,  cleft  on  the  lower  side  or  sametimes  also  on  the  upper,  or  2-,s-toothcd.  Corolla 
strongly  2-lipped,  the  tube  cylindric,  the  upper  lip  ()j;alea)  laterally  compressed,  concave  or 
conduplicate,  sometimes  beaked;  lower  lip  erect  or  ascending,  3-lobed,  the  lobes  spreading 
or  reflexed,  the  middle  one  the  smallest.  Stamens  4,  didynamous,  ascending  within  the 
upper  lip  of  the  corolla;  anthers  approximate  in  pairs,  their  sacs  transverse,  eciual,  parallel, 
obtuse  or  rarely  mucronate  at  the  base.  Capsule  compressed,  oblique  or  curved,  beaked > 
inauy-seeded,  loculicidally  dehiscent.  Seeds  reticulate,  pitted,  striate  or  ribbed.  [Latin, 
pertaining  to  lice,  long  supposed  to  breed  lice  in  sheep  that  feed  on  these  plants.] 

Abcml  125  species,  iiKi-itly  natives  of  ilie  iiortlKrii  lu  inisplicre.  In  addition  to  the  foUowini;, 
sonic  25  others  inhabit  the  western  parts  of  North  .America.  Jlostly  known  as  I.ouscwort;  a  few 
red-flowered  species  are  called  Red  Kaltle. 

^-  Galea  produced  into  a  filiform  beak  6"-8"  long.  I.   1\  Gii'iiilaiidini. 

-;;-   •;•;-   Galea  short-beaked  or  beakless. 
lieak  of  the  Ralia  conic,  dccurvcd,  i"  long.  2.   /'.  J,iiftf>i>iiua. 

lieak  of  the  galea  very  slinrl,  or  none. 

Annuals  or  biennials;  stems  leafy,  frcclj  brandling;  northern. 
I'nberuknt;  upper  leaves  crenulate,  lower  piiiiiatilid. 
Cilabrous  or  very  nearly  so;  leaves  all  piiinatifid. 
I'erennials;  stems  leafy,  simple  (rarely  branched  in  No.  6). 

Corolla  yellow,  or  the  galea  red;  plants  (V-3''  high;  eastern  species. 

Leaves  piniiately  lobed;  capsule  ovate,  scarcely  longer  than  the  calyx. 

5.  /'.  laiid'olala. 
Leaves  pinnately  parted;  cajisule  lanceolate,  3  times  as  long  as  the  calyx. 

6.  /'.  Canadensis. 

7.  /'.  Jni)  bishiar. 

8.  P.Jlamniea. 


/'.  iiif>//rasioiitts. 
P.  pai-.'ijlora. 


Lower  leaves  pinnately  divided;  capsule  ovate. 
Galea  erimson  or  purple;  plant  1-4'  high;  arctic. 


Perennial;  stem  scapose,  or  1  leaved;  lloweis  capitate;  arctic.  9.  P.  raf>i/a/a. 

I.  Pedicularis  Groenlandica  Retz.     Long- 
beaked  Pediciilari.s.     (Fig.  3330. ) 

p.  Giot'iilaiidica  Retz.  V\.  .Scand,  ICd.  2,  14,=;.      1795. 

Perennial,  glabrous;  stem  simple,  erect,  i°-i/-2° 
high.  Leaves  alternate,  lanceolate  in  outline,  acute 
or  acuminate,  pinnately  parted  or  the  lower  pinnately 
divided  into  lanceolate  acute  crenulate  or  incised 
segments,  the  upper  sessile,  the  lower  slender-pcti- 
oled,  2'-6'  long;  spike  l'-6'  long,  very  dense;  calyx 
5-toothed,  nearly  as  longas  the  corolla-tube,  the  teeth 
short,  acutish;  corolla  red  or  purple,  the  galea  pro- 
duced into  a  filifornj  beak  6"-8"  long,  which  is  de- 
curved  against  the  lower  lip  and  upwardly  recurved 
beyond  it;  body  of  thecorolla  2]'2"-i"  long;  capsule 
obliquely  ovate,  about  3"  long. 

In  wet  soil,  Labrador,  Greenland  and  Ilndson  Hay  to 
the  Northwest  Territory  and  Hritish  Columbia,  south  in 
the  Rocky  Mountains  to  New  Mexico,  and  in  the  Sierra 
Nevada  to  California.     Summer. 

2.    Pedicularis  Lapponica  L,.      Lapland 
Pedicularis.     (Fig.  3331.) 

Peduiilaiis  Lapponica  L.  Sp.  PI.  609.      1753. 

Perennial,  puberulent;  stems  simple,  or  sparingly 
branched,  leafy,  4'-S'  high.  Leaves  sessile,  or  very 
short-petioled,  alternate  or  the  lowest  opposite,  lanceo- 
late or  linear-lanceolate,  obtuse  or  acutish  at  the  apex, 
yi'-i^'  long,  pinnately  incised  into  numerous  ap- 
proximate oblong  serrulate  lobes;  spike  short,  the 
flowers  almost  capitate,  light  yellow,  (i"-Y'  long; 
calyx  cleft  on  the  lower  side,  a-toothed  on  the  upper; 
galea  erect,  arched,  tipped  by  an  abruptly  spreading  or 
recurved  conic  beak  about  \"  long. 

In  open  places,  Labrador  and  Greenland  to  the  Arctic 
Sea.     Also  in  Arctic  Kurope  and  Asia.     Summer. 

Pedicularis  pedicellikta  Bunge,  an  .\laskan  species  is  re- 
corded by  Kunge  from  Labrador.  It  is  distinguished  from 
the  above  by  its  scapose  stem,  deeply  pinnatifid  leaves  and 
pedicellate  lower  flowers.  We  have  not  seen  specimens 
from  the  eastern  side  of  the  continent. 


Vol..  III.] 


I'lCWDRT   FAMILY. 


185 


Pedicularis. 


3.    Pedicularis  euphrasioides  Steph.     Kyebright 

p.  euphrasioides  Stcpli.;  Willd.  Sp.  I'l.  3:  204.      iSoi. 

Biennial  or  annual,  puberulcnt;  stem  branched, 
(i'-\^'  high,  the  branches  ascendin}^.  Lower  leaves 
petiolcd,  lanceolate  or  oblong-lanceolate  in  outline, 
2'-.}'  long,  4'''-S"  wide,  pinnatifid  into  oblong  ob- 
tuse crcnate-dentate  segments;  upper  leaves  sessile,  _ 
linear  or  linear-oblong,  smaller,  merely  crenulale; 
flowers  in  a  short  terminal  spike  and  solitary  in  the 
upper  axils;  calyx  cleft  on  the  lower  side,  2-3- 
toothed  on  the  upper,  shorter  than  the  corolla-tube; 
corolla  yellow,  or  the  galea  purplish,  about  6"  long; 
galea  as  long  as  the  tube,  tipped  with  a  very  short 
truncate  beak,  minutely  2-toothed  on  the  lower  side 
at  the  apex;  capsule  apparently  shorter  than  the 
calyx. 

Labrador  to  (irceiiland,  the  Arctic  Sua,  Alaska  and 
Uritish  Columbia.     Also  in  nortliLrn  Asia.     Summer. 

Pedicularis  parviflora  J.  K.  Smith.     Purple  Pedicularis.     (Fig.  3333.) 

p.  par-  iflora  J.  IC.  Smith  in  Rees'  CycUi;).      1814. 
Pt'itii.iiaris   Wlassoviana  Stev.   Mem.  Soc.  Nal. 

IMosc.  6:  29.   pi.  9. ./!  /.      iSs.v 
Pedicularis  paluslris  var.    Wlassoviana   Bunge; 

Ledeb.  Kl.  Ross.  3:  283.      1S47-.19. 

nienuial  or  annual,  glabrous  throughout,  or 
the  petiole-bases  ciliate;  stem  erect,  much 
branched,  i°-2°  high.  Leaves  i'-2'  long, 
alternate,  or  some  of  them  opposite,  oblou?;- 
lauccolate  in  outline,  all  pinnatifid  into  ob- 
long crenate  or  incised  segments;  flowers  in 
terminal  rather  loose  spikes  and  .solitary  in  the 
upper  axils,  7"-8"  long;  calyx  2-cleft,  the 
lobes  with  an  incised  crested  border;  corolla 
purple,  its  tube  twice  as  long  as  the  calyx,  the 
lip  nmch  shorter,  the  galea  arched  at  the  top, 
not  beaked,  blunt,  bearing  a  pair  of  minute 
teeth  below  its  summit;  capside  obliquely 
ovate,  twice  as  long  as  the  calyx  when  mature. 

Labrador  to  .Vlaska,  south  to  Quebtc,  tlic  North- 
west Territory  and  Oregon.     Summer. 

Pedicularis  paliisttis  I,.,  which  dilTers  fmm  this  in  its  larger  flowers  and  apiculale  tralea,  is  re- 
ported from  Newfoundland  and  Labrador;  it  is  widely  distributed  in  liuropeand  Asia.  It  is  known 
as  Red  Rattle,  Cows-wort  and  Marsh  Louscwort. 

5.  Pedicularis  lanceolata  Michx.     Swamp 

Loitsewort.     (Fig.  3334.) 

Pedicularis  lanccolala  Michx.  Fl.  Hor.  Am.  2'  iS.     1803. 
Pedicularis  auriculala  Smith  in  Rees'  Cyclop.      1814. 

Perennial,  glabrous  or  very  nearly  so  throughout; 

.stem  stout,  simple,  or  branched  above,  i°-3°  high, 

the  branches  erect.     Leaves  alternate  and  opposite, 

lanceolate,  or  linear-lanceolate,  2'-^'  long,  pinnately 

lol)cd,  the  lower  petioled,  the  upper  sessile,  the  lobes 

oblong,  obtuse,  short,  creuate-dentate,  the  margins 

cartilaginous;  spikes  short;  calyx  2-lobed,  the  lobes 

with  foliaceous  margins;  corolla  yellow,  8"-io''''  long, 

the  galea  arched,  terminated  by  a  very  short  truncate 

beak,  the  lower  lip  erect-ascending;  capsule  ovate, 

little  exceeding  the  calyx,  about  5"  high. 

In  swamps,  Ontario  to  Connecticut  and  Virginia,  west 
to  Manitoba,  Mimiesota,  Ohio,  Michigan,  and  Nebraska 
(according  to  Williams).     Aug. -Oct. 


il 


^11 


i86 


vSCKOPIIULARIACEAE. 


[Vol,.  III. 


6.  Pedicularis  Canadensis  1,.      Wood  Betony.      Lousewort.     (Fig,  3335.) 

Pill  i  1 11 1  a  lis  Canadensis  I,.  Mant.  86.      1767. 

Perennial,  hirsute,  pubescent,  orglabratc  be- 
low; stems  commonly  tufted,  ascending  or 
erect,  6'-iS'  high,  simple.  Leaves  alternate  or 
some  of  them  opposite,  oblong- lanceolate,  3'- 
5'  long,  all  but  the  uppermost  slcnder-petioled, 
pinnatcly  parted  into  oblong  obtuse  incised  or 
dentate  lobes;  flowers  spicate,  the  spike  short 
in  flower,  s'-S'  long  in  fruit,  the  lower  bracts 
usually  foliaceous,  the  others  small;  calyx  cleft 
on  the  lower  side;  2-3-creuate  on  the  upper, 
oblique;  corolla  yellow, or  reddish  (rarely  white) 
'"-\o"  long,  the  tube  much  longer  than  the 
calyx,  the  galea  arched,  incurved,  not  beaked, 
minutely  2-toothed  below  the  apex;  capsule 
lanceolate,  oblique,  7'''-S"  long,  2"  wide,  about 
3  times  as  long  as  the  calyx. 

In  dry  woods  and  thickets,  Nova  Scotia  to  Mani- 
toba, south  lo  Florida,  Kansas,  Colorado  and  North 
Mexico.  .Xsctnds  to  30(X)  ft.  in  Virginia.  Called 
also  HiKli  Heal  all,  Ikefsleak  plant.     April-June. 

7.  Pedicularis  Furbishiae  S.  Wats.  Miss 
Fiirbish's  Pedicularis.     (Fig.  3336.) 

Pedicularis  Fiiibishiae  S.  Wats.  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  17: 
375.      1SS2. 

Perennial,  pubescent,  at  least  above;  stem  strict, 
simple,  2°-3°  high.  I.,eaves  lanceolate,  alternate, 
or  some  of  them  opposite,  the  lower  long-petioled, 
4'-6'  long,  pinnately  divided  into  ovate  or  oblong, 
pinnatifid  or  incised  segments,  the  upper  sessile, 
pinnately  parted  or  lobcd;  calyx  s-lobed,  the  lobes 
entire  or  dentate;  narrow,  somewhat  unequal;  cor- 
olla yellow,  "]"-<)"  long,  the  galea  arched,  trun- 
cate, not  beaked,  2-cuspidate  at  the  apex;  capsule 
ovate. 

In  .swamps  and  along  streams,  JIaine  and  New 
llrunswick.     July-Sept. 


8.    Pedicularis  flammea  \^.      Red- 
tipped  Pedicularis.     (Fig.  3337.) 

Pedicularis  flammea  I<.  Sp.  PI.  Coi).      175,^ 

Perennial,  glabrous  or  somewhat  woolly; 
stem  simple,  2'-4'  high,  with  several  linear-ob- 
long, pinnately  parted  leaves.  Hasal  and 
lower  leaves  slender-petiolcd,  I'-i'j'  long, 
the  uppermost  sessile,  the  lobes  ovate  or  ob- 
long, incisedserrate;  flowers  about  6"  long, 
pedicelled  in  a  short  spike-like  raceme,  longer 
than  the  narrow  bracts;  calyx  5-toolhed,  the 
teeth  lanceolate,  acute,  unequal;  corolla-tube 
and  the  lower  lip  greenish  yellow,  the  galea 
slightly  arched,  very  blunt,  much  longer  than 
the  lower  lip,  its  summit  crimson  or  pnrple; 
capsule'ladceolate,  6"-S"  long,  2-3  times  as  long  as  the  calyx;  fruiting  pedicels  3"-,=;"  long. 
Labrador  to  Greenland,  west  to  Alaska.     Also  in  arctic  and  alpine  ICurope.     SumiTu  r. 


Vol,.  III.] 


FIOWOKT  FAMILY.  1 87 

g.    Pedicularis  capitata  Adams.     Capitate 

Pedicularis.     (Fig.  3338.) 

Pedicularis  capitata  Adams,  Mem.  Soc.  Nat.  Mosc.  5:  100.    1817. 

rereniiial,  pubescent  or  glabrous;  stem  scapose,  leafless,  or 
I -leaved,  I'-s'  higb.  Leaves  slender- petioled,  often  shorter 
than  the  scape,  pinnately  divided,  the  sr  tnents  ovate  or  ob- 
long, incised;  flowers  several  in  a  capitate  cluster  at  the  end 
of  the  scape,  i'-l>^'  long;  calyx  5-cleft,  the  lobes  foliaceous, 
incised  or  crenate;  corolla  described  as  white;  galea  scarcely 
broadened  above,  slightly  curved,  very  obtuse,  twice  as  long 
as  the  lower  lip;  capsule  oblong,  a  little  longer  than  the 
calyx,  beaked  on  the  outer  side  near  the  summit. 

Hudson  Bay  to  Alaska.     Summer. 


oolly; 

ar-ob- 
and 
long, 

or  ob- 
long, 

ongcr 

d,  the 

a-tube 
galea 
•  than 

nrplc; 
long. 


33.    RHINANTHUS  L.  Sp.  PI.  603.       1753. 

Annual  erect  mostly  branched  herbs,  with  opposite  leavis,  and  yellow  blue  violet  or 
variegated  flowers,  in  terminal  l-sided  leafy-bracted  spikes,  or  solitary  in  the  upper  axils. 
Calyx  compressed,  4toothed,  much  inflate  1,  membranous  and  conspicuously  veiny  in  fruit. 
Corolla  very  irregular,  2  lipped,  the  upper  lip  (galea)  compressed,  arched,  minutely  2toothed 
below  the  entire  apex,  the  lower  lip  3-lob3d,  shorter,  the  lobes  spreading.  Stamens  4,  didy- 
namous,  asccn<ling  under  the  galea;  anthers  pili  se,  the  sacs  obtuse  at  the  base,  transverse, 
distinct.  Capsule  orbicular,  flat,  loculicidally  dehiscent,  several-seeded.  Seeds  nearly  or- 
bicular, winged.     [Greek,  nose-flower,  from  the  beaked  corolla.] 

About  3  species,  natives  of  the  northern  hemisphere. 


Rattle.     Rattle-box.     Yellow  or  Penny 
(Fig-  3339) 


I.    Rhinanthus  Crista-Galli  I,. 

Rattle. 

Rliinantlius  Crisla-fralli  I,.  Sp.  PI.  603.      1753. 
J\liiiia)illiiis  minor  IClirli.  Heitr.  6:  44.     1791. 

Gfebrous,  or  pubescent  above;  stem  slender,  usu- 
ally branched,  6'-iS'  high,  the  branches  erect  or 
ascending.  Leaves  lanceolate  or  oblong-lanceolate, 
sessile,  coarsely  serrate-dentate,  acute  or  obtuse, 
\'~2'  long,  2"-4"  wide;  bracts  broader,  ovate,  or 
ovate-lanceolate,  incised  dentate,  the  teeth  acu- 
minate or  subulate-tipped;  tlowers  yellow,  6"-8" 
long;  corolla-tube  longer  than  the  calyx,  commonly 
■with  a  purple  spot  on  one  or  both  lips;  ruiling 
calyx  ovate  orbicular,  /["-(>"  in  diameter;  capsule 
orbicular,  or  broader,  nearly  as  broad  as  the  calyx, 
very  flat,  not  oblique. 

Newfoundland  .Tiid  Labrador  to  Alaska  and  OreRon, 
south  In  Ouibio,  the  Wliite  Mount  lins  of  New  Hamp- 
shire, Ontario  and  in  the  Kocky  Mimiilaiiis  to  New 
Mexico;  on  the  Atlantic  Coast  from  Kliodo  Island  to 
New  Hrutiswick.  Common  in  noillieiii  ICurope  and 
.\sia.    Called  also  Kattle-bags,  IVniiynrass.    Jnne-.Vug. 

34.    MELAMPYRUM  I,.  Sp.  PI.  605.       1753. 

.Annual  branching  herbs,  with  opposite  leaves,  and  stnall  white  yellow  violet  or  variegated 
flowers,  solitary  in  the  upper  axils,  or  in  terminil  hraelcd  spikes.  Cal».x  4-tootlieil,  the  2 
upper  teeth  somewhat  the  longer.  Corolla  irregular,  2  lipped,  the  tube  nariow,  gradually 
enlarged  above,  the  upper  lip  compressed,  obtuse  or  emarginate  with  a  groove  behind  the 
margins,  or  these  recurved  or  with  a  tooth  on  each  side;  lower  lip  spreading  or  ascending, 
3-tootlicd.  2-grooved  beneath.  Slainens  4,  didynamous,  ascending  under  the  npfier  lip;  an- 
Ihcrsacs  distinet,  jiarallel,  obtuse  or  mucronul.ite  at  the  base.  Capsule  flat,  obli(|ue,  loculi- 
cidally  dehiscent,  2-4-sccded.     Seeds  smooth,  strophiolatc.     [Greek,  black  wheat  ] 

About  10  species,  all  of  the  northern  hemisphere.  Only  the  following  are  known  in  North 
America. 

Leaves  lancer>latc  or  linear-lanceolate,  the  floral  2-4-tootlied  at  the  base.  i.  .lA.  liiieare. 

Leaves  ovate,  all  entire.  2    ^T.  latifoUum. 


1 88 


SCROrilULARIACEAE. 


[Vor,.  III. 


I.    Melampyrum  lineare  L,am.      Narrow-leaved  Cow-Wheat 


Mrla»if>yruni  Unfair  I.arii.  ICncycl.  4:  22.      1797- 
M.  Amei  icanuin  Miclix.  I'l.  Hor.  Am.  2:  16.      1803. 

Piilierulent;  stem  slender,  obscurely  4-sicled 
above,  at  lenj;th  widely  branched,  6'-iyi°  high. 
Leaves  lanceolate  or  linear-lanceolate,  short- 
petioled,  acuminate  or  acute  at  the  apex,  nar- 
rowed, obtuse,  or  the  upper  truncate  at  the  base, 
i'-2yi'  long,  i|i"-6"  wide,  the  lower  all  en- 
tire, the  upper  floral  ones  ovate  or  lanceolate, 
with  2-6  bristle-pointed  teeth  near  the  biise; 
flowers  short-peduncled,  ^"-f>"  long;  calyx 
about  one-third  the  length  of  the  corolla,  its 
subulate  teeth  longer  than  its  tube;  corolla  white 
or  whitish,  puberulent,  the  lower  lip  yellow; 
capsule  4"-5"  long,  about  2"  wide,  twice  as 
long  as  the  calyx. 

In  dry  woods  and  thickets,  Nova  Scotia  to  Rritish 
Columbia,  south  to  North  Carolina,  Kentucky  and 
Aliniu  sola.    Ascends  .VS'"'  ft- '"  Virginia.    May-Aug. 


/t--^ 


2.  Melampyrum  latifolium  Muhl. 
leaved  Cow-Wheat.     (Fig.  3341. 

Mc'lamftynim  lali/oliiim  Mulil.  Cat.  57.      181  j. 


Broad- 


Similar  to  the  preceding,  widely  branched,  i°-i]i° 
high;  but  the  leaves  all  entire,  sliortpetiolcd,  the 
lowest  small,  spatulate,  obtuse,  the  middle  ones  lan- 
ceolate or  ovate,  acuminate,  narrowed  at  the  base, 
2'-2)'  long,  the  floral  ovate  or  ovate-lanceolate, 
shorter,  acute,  mostly  rounded  at  the  base;  corolla 
purple,  veiny. 

Ill  dry  woods,  Delaware  (according  to  MiiUloiiberg"i; 
Virjfinia  to  Georgia  and  Tennessee.     June-.\ug. 


Family  28.     LENTIBULARIACEAE  Lindl.  Vcg.  Kingd.  686.     1847.* 

]!l,.\DI3KRW()RT   FAMII.V. 

Aquatic  plants,  or  terrestrial  on  moist  ground,  with  the  leaves  basal  and 
tufted,  or  borne  on  floating  branching  stems,  or  redttced  to  minute  scales.  Scapes 
erect.  Flowers  solitary  or  racemose,  perfect,  irregular,  the  pedicels  bracteolate. 
Calyx  inferior,  2-5-parted.  Corolla  2-lipped,  the  upper  lip  tisually  erect,  con- 
cave, or  the  sides  plicate,  entire,  or  2-lobed,  interior  in  the  btid;  lower  lip  larger, 
spreading  or  reflexed,  3-lobed,  with  a  palate  projecting  into  the  throat  and  a 
nectariferous  spur  beneath.  Stamens  2;  anther-sacs  confluent  into  i.  Ovary 
superior,  ovoid  or  globose,  i-celled;  ovtiles  numerous;  style  short,  or  none; 
stigma  2-lamellate.  F'ruit  a  capsule,  irregularly  bursting,  or  dehi-scent  by  valves. 
Seeds  anatropous,  rugo.se,  reticulated,  or  bristle-bearing;  endosperm  none. 

.\bout  4  genera  and  i8o  species,  widely  distributed  in  warm  am!  temperate  regions,  both  of  the 
Old  World  and  the  New. 

Aquatic  or  bog  plants;  foliage  often  dissected  and  bladder-bearing.  i.   Ulriciilnria, 

Terrestrial;  leaves  basal,  tufted,  entire.  2.  Pinguicttla. 

1.  UTRICULARIA  L.  Sp.  PI.  18.  1753. 
Herbs  floating  free  in  the  water,  or  rooting  in  the  mud,  the  aquatic  species  with  stems 
usually  bearing  finely  divided  leaves  and  covered  with  minute  bladders;  marsh  species  with 
a  few  bladder-bearing  leaves  or  rootlets  under  ground.  liladders  contracted  at  the  mouth, 
closed  by  an  operculum  and  furnished  with  a  few  projecting  bristles.  T'lowcrs  racemose  or 
solitary  at  the  summits  of  slender  scapes,  the  pedicels  2-bractcolate.     Calyx  deeply  2-lobed, 

•Text  contributed  by  the  late  Ri;v.  TnoM.\s  Mordnc. 


Vol..  III.] 


HLADDKRWORT   FAMILY. 


189 


the  lobes  eciual  or  nearly  so.  Corolla  2-lippetl,  the  upper  lip  usually  erect  and  entire,  the 
lower  larger,  .^-loljed,  spurred  at  the  base  and  with  a  proniineut  palate,  coniniouly  bearded 
ill  the  throat.     Capsule  many-seeded.     [Latin,  iitriculus,  a  bag,  or  little  bladder.] 

About  150  species,  of  wide  jjeographic  distribution.     Besides  tlie  following,  3  others  occur  in 
the  soutlicrn  I'nitid  States. 

-X-   Scapes  rooting  in  the  mud;  leaves  entire;  bladders  usually  few  or  none. 

Scapes  stout,  strict,  i-io-nowcrcd;  (lowers  yellow,  4"-io"  bro.id. 

Flowers  .S"-ic)"  broad;  spuro"  lonif. 

Flowers  4"-s"  broad;  spur  1,"  Ioiik- 
Scipe  liliforui,  2-l)racted  above;  llower  solitary,  purple. 
Scape  filifoiin,  the  raceme  zig  zag;  flowert'  i-io,  yellow. 
Scape  filiform;  flowers  minute,  clpistoRanious. 


I.  ff.  coniuta. 

1.  I  I.  jiiitcca. 

,?.  U.  icstipinata. 

4.  V.  siibulala. 

5.  IJ.  liehlogama. 


•X-   *)f    Branches  and  finely  divided  leaves  floating,  or  creeping  on  the  mud,  bladder-bearing. 
I  Scai)e  bearing  a  whorl  of  leaves  with  inflated  petioles.      6.   U.  inflala. 
t  1  .'^cape  leafless,  or  with  a  few  minute  scales. 


Leaves  vcnicillate;  corolla  purple. 

Leaves  crowded,  2-3  pinnately  divided;  corolla  j'ellow,  large. 
Leaves  scattered,  dicliolomously  divided. 
Cleistogamous  flowers  among  the  leaves. 
No  cleistogamous  flowers. 

Bladders  mainly  or  entirely  on  leafless  branches. 
Leaf-segments  linear,  flat. 
Leaf-,segments  capillar j-. 
Bladders  among  the  leaves. 

Flowers  2-8;  spur  usually  reduced  to  a  short  protuberance. 
Flowers  1-2;  spur  shorter  than  the  lower  lip,  cimic,  gibbous. 
Flowers  1-3;  spur  oblo.  g,  as  long  as  the  lower  lip. 


7.  U.  purpurea. 

8.  U.  vulgaris, 

(J.   U.  dandestina. 


10.  U.  intermedia. 

11.  U.  fibrosa. 

12.  U.  minor. 
1,5.  I'.gibha. 
14.  U.  bijiora. 


berg^; 


and 


con- 


ilvcs. 

of  the 

laria. 
iciila. 


Stems 
;  with 
outh, 
)se  or 
obed, 


1.    Utricularia  cornuta  Michx.      Horned 
Bladderwort.     (Fig.  3342.) 

I'Iricularia  cornula  Mich.x.  Fl.  Bor.  Am.  l-  12.      i.Soj. 

Scape  stout,  strict,  ,3'-i4'  high,  with  or  without  a 
few  scattered  scales,  rooting  in  the  mud.  .Stems  and 
branches  root-like,  sometimes  with  a  few  entire  leaves 
and  few  bladders,  or  several;  flowers  1-6,  yellow,  fra- 
grant; pedicels  \"-i"  long;  corolla  S'^-io"  broad  when 
expanded;  lower  lip  large,  somewhat  galeate,  the  sides 
strongly  rcflcxcd,  with  a  prominent  palate  \vhich  pro- 
jects inwardly  and  is  pubescent  at  the  throat;  upper 
lip  smaller,  obovatc;  spur  Yz'  long,  acute,  curved; 
sce<ls  black,  rugosely  pitted. 

On  borders  of  ponds,  or  in  bogs,  Ncwfouiidlaiid  to  On- 
tario and  Minnesota,  south  to  F'lorida  and  Texas.  Juiie- 
Aug. 


2.    Utricularia  juncea  Vahl.     Rush  Bladder- 
wort.     (Fig.  3343.) 

utricularia  fuiicea  Vahl,  ICuum.  i:  202.      1805. 

Scape  rather  stout,  strict,6'-i6'  high,  rooting  in  the  mud, 
bearing  few  or  several  minute  scales.  Leaves  not  seen; 
flowers  3-10,  bright  yellow;  pedicels  1"  long,  or  less;  cor- 
olla 4'''-5"  broad  when  expanded,  the  lower  lip  obovate, 
pointed,  mainly  composed  of  the  palate,  the  upper  little 
smaller,  obovate,  emarginate;  spur  linear-subulate, 
slightly  curved,  or  straight,  about  3"  long. 

In  bogs,  southeastern  Virginia  to  Florida  and  Texas,  mostly 
near  the  coast.  Also  in  the  West  Indies  and  South  America. 
July-Aug. 


lyo 


IvENTIHULARIACKAE. 


[Vor,.  III. 


M.: 


m 

ft-- 


3.   Utricularia   resupinata   B.  D.  Greene. 
Reversed  Bladderwort.     (Fig.  3344.) 

i'/n'iii/aria  resupinala  13.  I).  Greene;  Higel.  FI.  Host.  Kd.  3, 

10.      1840, 

Scape  filiform,  2'-7'  high,  2-bractC(l  near  the  flower, 
arising  from  creeping  rooting  shoots  which  rise  I'-a' 
above  the  ground  and  bear  a  few  branches  and  bladders. 
Flower  solitary,  purple,  resting  transversely  upon  the 
summit  of  the  scape  and  so  appearing  resupinate;  cor- 
olla i"-s"  long,  the  limb  deeply  2-purted,  remote  from 
the  conic  spur. 

In  sandy  bo^ts  .ind  borders  of  ponds,  Maine  to  Florida, 
wcht  to  Michigan.     I'.are  and  local.    July-.\uMr- 


4,    Utricularia  subul£tta   L.      Tiny  or  Zig-zag 
Bladderwort.     (Fig.  3345-) 

utricularia  subttla/a  L.  Sp.  PI.  iS.      1753. 
Utricularia  setacea  Miclix.  Fl.  l!or.  Am.  i:  12.      1803. 

Scape  filiform,  i'-8'  high,  the  racemes  zig-zag.     Leaves 

few,  entire,  they  and  the  bladders  seldom  found;  pedicels 

2"-6"  long,  slender;  flowers  i-io,  yellow;  corolla  2"-}," 

broad,  the  lower  lip  3-lobed,  the  upper  smaller,  ovate; 

spur  conic,  appressed  to  the  lower  lip  and  equalling  it  iu 

length,  or  shorter. 

In  wet,  sandy  soil,  Nantucket  to  Florida,  west  to  Texas, 
Mexico  and  Arjcansas.     Also  in  Cuba.     Marcli-.\UK. 


■-? 


5.  Utricularia  cleistogama  (A.  Gray)  Britton. 
Closed  Bladderwort.      (Fig.  3346.) 

I'lricularia  sttbiiltila  van  cicisloifama  A.  Gray,  Syn.  Fl.  3: 

Part  I,  317.      1S7S. 
I',  claiidesliiia  Uritton,  Trans.  X.  Y.  Acad.  Sci.  9:   12.     1889. 

Scape  hair-like,  i'-3'  high,  1-2-nowcred.  Stems  root- 
like, sparse,  sending  a  few  minute  simple  shoots  above 
ground;  bladders  minute,  seldom  seen;  flowers  on  short 
bracted  pedicels;  corolla  ^K'"-!''' broad,  strictly  cleistoga- 
mous,  spurless,  the  lips  nearly  equal,  the  lower  varying 
from  purplish  to  yellow,  the  upper  white;  seeds  dark  ru- 
gosely  pitted,  scarcely  )i"  in  diameter;  capsule  globose. 

In  wet  soil,  cistern  Massnchusetts  and  in  the  pine-barrens 
of  New  Jersey,     .\unusl. 


6.  Utricularia  inflata  Walt.    Swollen  Bladder- 
wort.    (Fig.  3347.) 

Utricularia  inflata  Walt.  Fl.  Car.  64.      17^8. 

Utricularia  ceratopliylla  Michx.  Fl.  Bor.  Am.  1:12.      1803. 

Scapes  stout,  3'-2o'  high,  bearing  a  whorl  of  5-9 
leaves  at  about  the  middle.  Branches  long,  floating, 
crowded  with  dichotomously  divided  leaves  and  cov- 
ered with  bladders;  leaves  of  the  scape  finely  dissected, 
their  petioles  cylindric,  inflated,  dilated  upward,  y'l'- 
2'  long;  flowers  2-10,  yellow,  about  9"  broad;  upper 
lip  of  the  corolla  broadly  ovate,  obscurely  lobed  or 
crenate,  the  lower  3lobcd;  spur  conic,  emarginate,  ap- 
pressed to  the  lower  lip  and  about  one-half  its  length; 
capsule  nodding  in  fruit. 

In  ponds,  Canada  (according  to  Pursli);  Maine  to  Florida 
and  Texas,  near  tlte  coast.     March-Aug. 


Vol.  III.] 


BLADDERWORT  FAMILY. 


7.  Utricularia  purpurea  Walt.    Pur- 
ple Blaclderwort.     (I''ig.  3,^48.) 

IJIriculaiia  purf>uiea  Walt.  Kl.  Car.  64.      1788. 
I'Iricularia  saccala  I'M.  Bot.  S.  C.  &  Ga.  2.  21. 
1816. 

Scape  i'-6'  higli,  naked,  or  bearing  a  few 
scales,  i-4-flowerc(l.  Branches  floating,  long, 
with  uutncrous  dichotonious  capillary  leaves 
ii;  verticils  of  4's  and  5's  and  many  large 
l)ladilers;  corolla  violet-purple,  3"-S'''  broad, 
the  Irwcr  lip  3-lobed,  the  lateral  lobes  sac- 
cate ;  upper  lip  truncate,  emarginate;  spur 
uearl>  conic,  apprcssed  to  the  lower  lip  and 
one-half  its  length,  or  more. 

In  pond.s,  Maine  to  Florida,  near  the  coast; 
also  in  Indian.i.     May-Aug. 


8.  Utricularia  vulgaris  L.    Greater 
Bladder  wort.     Hooded  Water-Mil- 
foil.    Pop-weed.     (Fig.  3349.) 

I'hicularia  ••ulgarh  I<.  Sp.  PI.  18.      1753. 
I'triculai  ia  macio>hi:a  I.e  Conte,  Ann.  I.yc. 
N.  Y.  i:  7,i.      1824. 

Scapes  stout,  naked,  or  with  a  few  broad 
scales,  },'-\i,'  high.  Leaves  2-3-pinnately 
divided,  usually  much  crowded,  the  seg- 
ments setaceous;  branches  floating,  some- 
times 1°  long,  the  leaves  sometimes  (>"-■;" 
long  with  numerous  bladders;  flowers  3-20, 
racemose,  yellow;  pedicels  4"-S"  long,  re- 
curved in  fruit;  corolla  yi'  broad  or  more, 
the  sides  of  the  lips  rcflexed;  palate  promi- 
nent; upper  lip  nearly  entire,  the  lower 
slightly  3-lobed  and  longer  than  the  conic 
blunt  or  acutish,  somewhat  curved  spur. 

In   brooks  and  ponds,   Newfoundland  to  Florida,  west  to  British  Columbia  and  California, 
tlirouRliout  nearly  the  whole   of  North   Anit'rica. 
Also  in  ICurope,  Asia,  Cuba  and  Mexico.   June-Aupf. 
The  plant,  like  others  of  the  genus,  is  often  prop- 
agated by  winter  buds. 

9.  Utricularia  clandestina  Nutt.    Hid- 
den-fruited Bladderwort.    (Fig.  3350.) 

I',  clandeslina  Nutt.;  .\.  Gray,  Man.  287.      1848. 
Ulriculdiia  sirin/a  Tuckerm.  Am.  Journ.  Sci.  45: 

29.      1843.     Not  I.e  Conte,  1824. 

Scape  slender,  a'-s'  high,  arising  from  long 

floating  branches.     Leaves  scattered,  repeatedly 

forked,  the  divisions  capillary,  bearing  numerous 

bladders.     Flowers  of  two  kinds;  those  of  the 

scape  3-5,  complete,  those  among  the  leaves 

strictly  cleistogamous,  numerous,  their  pedicels 

reflexcd  in  fruit;  corolla  of  the  upper  complete 

flowers  yellow,  spreading,  4"-5'''  broad  when 

expanded,  the  lips  nearly  equal  in  length,  the 

lower  broader  and  3-lobed;  spur  shorter  than  the 

lower  lip,  thick,  obtuse,  approximate  to  it. 

In  shallow  ponds,  New  Brunswick  to  New  Jersey, 
near  the  coast.    July. 


192 


LF.NTIBULARIACKAK. 


[Vol,.  III. 


lo.   Utricularia  intermedia  Hayne. 
Flat-leaved  IJlacUlcrwort.      (.Fig.  3351.) 

I'/i  idiliii  ia  iiilfi  iiiidia  llayiie  in  Sclirad.  Jourii. 
Hot.  i:  18.      iS(K). 

vScape  capillary,  2'-io'  liinh,  naked,  or  with  a 
few  scales.  Hratichr «  noatinjj;,  a'-b'  loiij;; 
leaves  W-Yz'  loii^,  more  or  less  scattered,  2- 
raiikcd,  rejicatedly  dichotonious,  the  segments 
linear,  ilat,  ]^"  wide  or  less,  the  margins  bristly- 
serrulate.  Uladders,  ^vith  rare  exceptions,  home 
on  leafless  branches;  flowers  1-5,  yellow;  corolla 
Yi'  broad,  its  lower  lip  broad  with  a  large  palate 
and  exceeding  the  npper;  spur  conic,  sub  acute, 
nearly  as  long  as  the  lip,  to  which  it  is  appresscd. 

In  shallow  watir  alonp  the  tnargins  of  pools  and 
ponds,  Cape  Hreton  to  liritisli  Columbia,  south  to 
New  Jersey,  Minnesota  and  California.  Also  in 
Kurope.  Tlie  plant  is  eominonly  propagated  by 
the  velvely-lookinn  winter  buds,  which  arc  buried 
in  the  mud  at  its  base.    June-.Vug. 

II.    Utricularia  fibrosa  Walt.     Fibrous  Bladdeiwort.     (F'ig.  3352.) 

lUticula)  ill  fibrosa  Walt.  I'M.  Car.  (\\.      17SS. 
Utricularia  sli  iaia  I,e  Conte,  Ann.  l.yc.  N. 

Y.  i:  75.      i82.(. 
Utricularia  hipartita  Chapm.  Fl.  S.  States, 

283.      1S60. 

Scape  slender,  naked,  or  with  very  few- 
minute  scales,  3'-i2'  high.  Leaves  scat- 
tered, dichotomously  divided,  small  or 
sometimes  scarcely  any,  the  segments  cap- 
illary; bladders  often  on  leafless  branches, 
sometimes  none;  flowers  1-6,  yellow;  cor- 
olla 4"-6"  broad,  the  lips  nearly  equal, 
broad,  the  upper  undulate  or  3-lobed,  the 
middle  lobe  striate;  spur  nearly  linear,  ob- 
tuse, ascending,  nearly  equalling  or  some- 
times exceeding  the  lower  lip. 

In  shallow  ponds  and  swamjis,  I.ontr  Island 
to  Florida  and  Louisiana,  mostly  in  pine 
barrens.    June-July. 


12.   Utricularia  minor  L.     Lesser 
Bladdervvort.     (Fig.  3353.) 

utricularia  minor 'L,.  Sp.  PI.  18.     1753. 

Scapes  slender,  2'-7'  high.  Branches  floating, 
short;  leaves  much  scattered,  dichotomously 
divided,  the  divisions  few  and  setaceous;  blad- 
ders borne  among  the  leaves,  few,  often  none, 
the  largest  not  over  1"  long;  flowers  i-io,  pale 
yellow,  racemose;  corolla  2"-2,"  broad,  ringent, 
the  upper  lip  smaller  than  the  lower;  spur  usu- 
ally reduced  to  a  blunt  broad  protuberance, 
shorter  than  the  lips;  pedicels  rcflexed  in  fruit. 

In  shallow  ponds  and  in  bogs,  Greenland  and 
Labrador  to  British  Columbia,  south  to  New  Jersey, 
.\rkansas,  Utah  and  California.  Also  in  Kurope. 
June-July. 


Vol,.  III.] 


nivADDERWORT  FAMILY. 


193 


13.   Utricularia  gibba  L.     Humped  Bladderwort.     (Fig.  3354.) 

I'liicularia f^ibha  I,.  Sp.  I'l.  18.     1753. 
r.foinicata  I,c  Coiile,  Ann.  I.yc.  N.  Y.  i:  7(1.      1S24. 
/'.  >«;'«i)r  Torr.  V\.  N.Y.J:  21.      iS)}.     Nut  I,.  175,1. 

Scapes  riliforin.  I'-.s'  liigli,  arising  from  sparing- 
ly leafy,  floating  or  creeping  brandies.  Leaves 
root-like,  in  the  mud  or  just  above  it,  usually  ileli- 
cate,  the  divisions  often  only  i  or  2,  capillary; 
liladders  few  .ind  minute,  borne  among  the  leaves, 
the  largest  ahoi.t  "j"  long,  or  often  none;  flowers 
I  or  2,  yellow;  corolla  },"-\"  broad,  its  lips  round- 
ed, broad,  entire,  or  undulate,  about  equal;  spur 
thick,  conic,  ascending,  gibbous  at  the  base,  ob- 
tuse, shorter  than  the  lips. 

Ill  shallow  water,  or  in  nuul  on  tlu'  borders  of  ponds 
and  pools.  Ontario  to  Michittan,  south  to  Alabainaand 
Illinois.     July-Au|^. 


14.  Utricularia  biflora  Lam.     Two-flowered 
Bladderwort.     (Fig.  3355.) 

Utricularia  biftora  I/iin.  III.  i:  50.      171)1. 

Ulriciilaria  ioii^iros/ris  Le  Coiite,  Ann.  I<yc.  N.  Y.  l: 

76.      1824.  _ 

Scapes  filiform,  2'-$'  high,  arising  from  long  float- 
ing branches.  Leaves  scattered,  their  divisions  few, 
finely  capillary,  often  copiously  bladder-bearing; 
flowers  I  -,^,  yellow;  corolla  4"-6"  broad,  the  lips 
rounded,  nearly  equal;  spur  narrowly  oblong,  blunt, 
curved  upward,  equalling  the  lower  lip. 

In  shallow  w.itir  on  the  tuart;iiis  of  i)ond9,  IJastern 
JIassacluisetts  and  Kliode  Island  to  Illinois,  south  to 
Louisiana  and  Te.vas. 


■•>■ 


-f 


esser 


loating, 

bmously 

Is;  blad- 

In  none, 

1 10,  pale 

lingent, 

lur  usu- 

lerance, 

In  fruit. 

Ind  and 
[Jersey, 
IJuropc. 


2.    PINGUICULA  L.  Sp.  PI.  17.      1753. 

Acaulescent  herbs,  with  fibrous  roots,  naked  Ji-flowered  circinate  scapes,  and  basal 
tufted  entire  leaves,  the  upper  surface  covered  with  a  viscid  secretion  to  which  insects  ad- 
here, and  arc  captured  by  the  involution  of  the  sensitive  leaf-margins.  Calyx  4-5-parted,  or 
2-lipped,  the  lower  lip  3-partcd,  the  upper  2-parted.  Corolla  2-lipped,  the  upper  lip  2-cleft, 
the  lower  3-cleft;  base  of  the  corolla  saccate  and  contracted  into  a  nectariferous  spur.  Cap- 
sule 2-valvcd  or  4-valvcd.  Seeds  oblong,  wrinkled  or  reticulated.  [Latin,  piiigitis,  fat, 
the  leaves  seeming  greasy  to  the  touch.] 

.Vb.iut  ,50  species,  of  wide  jjoosfr.ipliie  distribution,  cliielly  in  temperate  and  cold  regions.  He- 
sides  the  following;,  4  otiiers  are  found  in  the  soul'.iern  United  States. 

Scapes  villous,  i'-2'  high;  leaves  oval,  ,V'-6"  long.  i.  P.  z'iHosa. 

Scapes  glabrous  or  minutely  downy;  leaves  ovate  or  elliptic,  i'-2'  long.  2.  P.  z'lili^aris. 

I.    Pinguicula  villosa  I,.     Hairy  Butterwort. 
(Fig.  3356.) 

Piiigtiicida  villosa  L.'Sp.  I'l.  17.      1753. 

Pinguicula  aculi/olia  Michx.  Fl.  Bor.  .Vm.  I:  11.      1803. 

Scapes  slender,  villous,  i'-2'  high.  Leaves  3  or  4,  oval, 
obtuse,  2)"-(>"  'ung,  i"-}/'  wide,  sessile,  or  petioled;  petioles 
short,  villous;  flowers  '  broad;  corolla  pale  violet  with  a 
yellowish-striped  throa  2-lipped,  the  upper  lip  2-partcd, 
the  ower  arger,  3-parted,  the  tube  abruptly  contracted  into 
a  straight  linear  or  oblong  bluut  spur  i;^"-2"  long, 

and   Hudson   Day   to  Alaska.     Also  in   Greenland. 


Labrador 
Summer. 


13 


mm 


194 


LENTIHUIvARIACIvAR. 


[Vol.  III. 


Pinguicula  alpina  I.,  is  n-ported  to  have  bttn  colk' 


cited.     It  may  be  known  by  its  reeurvtd  1 
the  corolla. 


2.  Pinguicula  vulgikris  L.     But- 

terwort.     Hog  or  Marsh  Violet. 

(Fig-  3357-) 

Pi)if;ui(Ula  viilgaiis  I,.  S)).  PI  17.  I7,S.V 
Scapes  jjlnbrous,  or  niiinitely  puberii- 
Icnt,  2'-6'  liigli.  Leaves  3-7  in  a  rosette 
at  the  base  of  the  scape,  greasy  to  the 
touch  on  the  upper  surface,  ovate  to 
lanceolate,  obtuse,  l'-2'  long,  ^"-lo" 
wide,  short-jx!tioled,  or  sessile;  corolla 
violet-purple, ,^"-4"  broad  when  expand- 
ed, 2  lipped,  the  upper  lip  2-lobed,  the 
lower  3-lobed,  larger,  the  tube  gradually 
contracted  into  an  acute  or  obtuse  nearly 
straight  spur  2"-^"  long;  capsule  glo- 
bose ovoid,  longer  than  the  caly.x. 

On  wit  rocks  or  in  Rravelly  rivulit  beds, 
N'lwfoundliMid  and  I.iibrador  to  Alaska, 
south  to  Vermont,  nortlurn  New  York, 
Aliiimsota  and  Hritish  Columbia.  -Mso  in 
(irceiiland,  liurope  and  northern  Asia. 
Other  ICnulish  names  are  lUanweed,  York- 
.■iliire  Saniele,  Slice])  root  or -rot,  Kot  urass, 
Slueii  weed,  and  Steep-  or  liarninK  Krass, 
from  its  use  in  eurdlinn  milk.  luly-.\UK. 
led  in  Labrador  but  not  sullicie.ciy  authenti- 


ibtuse  conic  spur,  not  one-lialf  as  loiijr  as  the  lower  lip  of 


1S36. 


Family  29.     OROBANCHACEAE  Liiull.  Nat.  Sy.st.  Kd.  2,  287. 

HKOOM-R.M'IC  1',\mii,y. 

Erect,  sii:iple  or  branched,  brown  yello\vi.sh  purplish  or  nearly  white  root- 
parasites,  the  leaves  reduced  to  alternate  appre.s.sed  scales,  the  flowers  perfect, 
irregular  (rarely  cleistogamous),  .sessile  in  temiinal  bracted  spikes,  or  .solitary 
and  peduncled  in  the  axils  of  the  scales.  Calyx  inferior,  gaino.sepalous,  4-5- 
toothed,  4-5-cleft,  or  .split  nearly  or  quite  to  the  base  on  one  or  both  sides. 
Corolla  gamopetalous,  more  or  less  oblique,  the  tube  cylindric,  or  expanded 
above,  the  limb  2-lipped,  5-lobed.  Stamens  4,  didynamous,  in.serted  on  the 
tube  of  the  corolla  and  alternate  with  its  lobes,  a  fifth  rudimentary  one  occasion- 
ally present;  filaments  slender;  anthers  2-celled,  the  sacs  parallel,  equal. 
Ovary  superior,  i -celled,  the  four  placentae  parietal;  ovules  numerous,  anatrop- 
ous;  .style  .slender;  .stigma  discoid,  2-lobed,  or  .sometimes  4-lobed.  Capsule 
I -celled,  2-valved.  Seeds  numerous,  reticulated,  wrinkled  or  striate;  embryo 
minute;  cotyledons  scarcely  differentiated. 

.Vbout  II  genera  and  200  species  of  wide  geographic  distril.utitn,  nu  slly  in  the  nortlicin  I'.imis- 
phere. 

Flowers  all  complete  and  perfect. 
Calyx  2-5-tootlicd. 

Calyx  about  equally  5  cleft;  no  bracis  on  pedicels  nor  calyx.  I.  Thali'sia. 

Calyx  une(|ually  toothed,  or  split  on  both  sides;  flowers  bracted.  2.  Oinhaiiclie. 

C.ilyx  spatliclike,  split  on  the  lower  side,  3-  (toothed  on  the  upper.  3.  Coiiop/io/is. 

Lower  (lowers  cleistogamous,  fertile;  upper  comiilele,  mostly  sterile.  4.  Leplaiiiiiiiim. 

I.    THALESIA  Raf.  Am.  Month.  Mag.  2:  267.       1818. 
[ANorr.AN-THis  Kndl.  Icon.  Gen.  PI.  12.  f)l.  J2.     1S3S.] 
[Ai-nvi<r,oN  A.  Gray,  ^lan.  290.     1S48.] 
Glandular  or  viscid-pubescent  simple-stemmed  herbs,  parasitic  on  the  roots  of  various 
plants,  with  scattered  scales,  and  loiig-peduncled  yellowish  white  or  violet,  complete  and  per- 
fect bractlcss  flowers.     Calyx  campanulate  or  hemispheric,  nearly  equally  5-cleft,  the  lobes 
acute  or  acuminate.     Corolla  oblique,  the  tube  elongated,  curved,  the  limb  slightly  2-lipped, 
the  upper  lip  erect-spreading,  2-lolx?d,  the  lower  spreading,  3-lobed,  the  lobes  all  nearly 
equal.    Stamens  included;  anther-sacs  mucrouate  at  the  base.     Ovary  ovoid;    placentae 
equidistant,  or  contiguous  in  pairs;  style  slender,  deciduous;  stigma  peltate,  or  transversely 
2-lamcllate.     [Dedicated  to  Thales.] 

About  3  species,  natives  of  North  America. 
Stem  very  short;  peduncles  i-|,  erect;  calyx-lobes  lanceolate,  acuminate.  i.  T.  uniflora. 

Stem  erect,  2'-5'  high;  peduncles  several;  calyx-lobes  broad,  acutt.  2.  T.fasciculala. 


Vou.  III.] 


liROOM-R.VPE  FAMILY. 


'95 


inous 
1(1  per- 
] lobes 
Ipped, 
liearly 
lentae 
trsely 


Ira. 
\i/a/a. 


Naked 


Hroniii- 
335«J 


rape. 


icDIl.    Cell.   I'l.   12 


I.   Thalesia  unifldra  (L.)  Hrittoti.     Pale  or 
One- flowered  Broom-rape.     Caiicer-root. 

Oiohaiulir  inii/lma  h.  Sp.  I'l.  Cl^^.      I75.i 
AiiDplanllius  niii/li'ins  Hiull 

fl.  7-'.      iS,1«. 
AphvltoH  iinifloiiim  T.  ftfl,;  A.  C.riiy,  Man.  ago. 

lt*,iS. 
'/'.  Hiiijiora  lirittoii,  Mum.  Torr.  Club,  5:  S").'^.   189.}. 

Stem  usually  less  thau  i'  louj;.  nearly  sub- 
turraiieati,  bearing  several  ovate-oljlong  scales 
and  r-.^  sletnler  erect  scape-like  glamUilar- 
puberulent  naked  1 -flowered  peduncles  ,^'-8' 
liigli.  Calyx  canipanulate,  pubescent,  glandu- 
lar, 4"-5"  high,  less  than  one-half  the  length 
of  the  corolla,  its  lobes  as  long  as  the  tube  or 
longer,  lanceolate,  acuminate;  corolla  white 
or  violet,  jniberulent  without,  >\"-\2"  long, 
the  curved  tube  about  ;,  times  as  long  as  the 
limb,  the  short  lobes  oval  or  obovate,  obtuse; 
placentae  nearly  C(iuidtstant;  capsule  ovoid, 
longer  than  the  calyx. 

In  woods  and  tliicktts,  piirasilic  on  the  nidtsof 
various  herbs,  N(  wfouiulland  to  liritisli  Culuinbia, 
Virginia,  Ohio,  Tcxasand  California.   .Vpril  -June. 


2.   Thalesia  fasciculata  (Xtttt.) 
Hrittoii.     Cltistered  or  Yellow  Cancer- 
root.     (Fig.  3359.) 

Orobaiiclie/asciciilalatixM.  ('.en.  2:  ;^9.      1S18. 
Aiuiplaullius  /ii.uicii/a/ii.i  \\'a\\).    Kep.  3:     |So. 

AfilivlloH  /asciiiilahitit   A.   Gray,   Syn.    I'l.   2: 

I'arl  I,  312.      1S7S. 
Thalesia  faschiilala  liritton,  Mem.  Torr.  Club. 
5:  29S.      1S94. 

Stem  erect,  2'-4'  high,  densely  glandular- 
pubescent,  bearing  several  scales  and  ,,-15 
naked  i-flowercd  peduncles  l'-4'  long. 
Calyx  glandular,  broadly  campanulatc,  3"- 
5"  high,  about  one-third  the  length  of  the 
corolla,  its  lobes  triangular-lanceolate  or  tri- 
angular-ovate, acute,  equalling  or  shorter 
than  the  tube;  corolla  nearly  r'  long,  pur- 
plish-yellow, puberulcnt  without,  the  curved 
tube  ,s  times  as  long  as  the  limb,  the  lobes 
oblong,  obtuse,  the  limb  more  manifestly 
2-lipped  than  in  the  preceding  species;  cap- 
sule ovoid  to  globose. 

Ill  siindv  soil,  parasitic  on  the  roots  of  various  plants,  luirthern  Indiana  to  the  Northwest  Territory 
and  liritish  Columbia,  south  to  Nebraska,  Arizona  and  California.     .Vpril-.AuK. 

Thalesia  fasciculata  liitea  (  Parry)  liritton,  Mem.  Torr.  Club,  5:  29S.      i-'>9t. 
Phelihara  lulea  Parry.  Ainer.  Nat.  8:  214.      i.''7.|. 

Apliyllon  /a.ui(i//a/iiiii  var.  Inleuni  A.  Cray,  Syn.  V\.  2:  Part  i,  312.      187S. 
Whole  plant  HrIU  yellow.     Western  Nebraska  and  Wyomiii(>:. 

2.   OROBANCHE  L.  Sp.  PI.  632.      1753. 

Glandular-pubescent,  erect  simple  or  branched,  reddish  yellowish  violet  or  nearly  white 
herbs,  parasitic  on  the  roots  of  various  plants,  with  scattered  scales,  and  spicate  or  racemose, 
complete  and  perfect,  bracted  and  sometimes  bracteolate  flowers.  Calyx  split  both  above 
and  below,  nearly  or  quite  to  the  base,  the  divisions  2.cleft  or  rarely  entire,  or  tnore  or  less 
unequally  2-5-toothcd.  Corolla  oblique,  strongly  2-lipped;  upper  lip  erect,  emarginate  or 
alobed;  lower  lip  spreading,  3-lcbed.  Stamens  included;  anther-sacs  mostly  niucronate 
at  the  base.  Placentae  equidistant,  or  approxituate  in  pairs.  .Style  slender,  commonly  per- 
sistent until  after  the  dehiscence  of  the  capsule;  stigma  peltate  to  funnelform,  entire,  or  later- 
ally adamellatc.    [Greek,  Choke-Vetch.] 

About  90  species,  natives  of  the  Old  World  and  western  .\merica,  Besides  the  following  some  6 
others  occur  in  the  western  parts  of  North  America. 


' 


196 


OROIIANCHACEAE. 


[Vol..  III. 


Calyx  4  tootliffl;  Bteiim  moHtly  brnnclii'd. 
Calyx  split  iiti  liolli  sides;  slcm  siiiipk', 
C:ilyx  .sclift,  stem  simple. 


.? 


I.  O.  lamout. 

J.  O.  minor. 

T,.  ().  l.iidoz'iciaiia. 

I.    Orobanche  ramdsa  L.     Ilcnip  or 
Hranched  Hrooin-rapc.      (iMg.  3360.) 

OiolhiHche  rainosa  I,.  Sp.  I'l.  6ij.      I75,v 

Plant  yellowish;  stem  rather  slender,  branched, 
or  rarely  simple,  3'-i5'  hiKh,  tlie  scales  few  and 
distant,  2"-^"  loun.  Spike  loosely  many-llowered, 
denser  above  than  l)elow,  the  lowest  flowers  short- 
pcdicelled;  bracts  usually  3,  the  longest  about  equal- 
linj;  the  calyx;  calyx  4-toothed,  the  teetli  triangular- 
ovate,  acute,  or  acuminate,  about  as  long  as  the 
tube;  corolla  5"-9"  long,  the  tube  yellow,  slightly 
constricted  above  the  ovary,  the  limb  bluish. 

■   Parasitic  im  till-  nxilsof  liiinpati(Ui)l)acco,  Ki'iitucky. 
Adventtvi.'  or  naturalized  from  l';uiopf.     SumiiRT. 


2.   Otobanche  minor  J.  ]•'.  Smith. 

lycsser  or  Clover  Broom-rape.     Ilerb- 

batie.     (Fig.  3361.) 

O.  minor],  IC.  Smith,  ICurI.  Hot.  />/.  ./.'-''.      1797. 

Plant  yellowish  brown;  stem  rather  stout,  sim- 
ple, .('-20'  high;  lower  scales  mimcrous,  ovate- 
oblong,  the  upper  lanceolate,  acute,  scattered, 
3"- 10"  long.  Spike  dense,  or  the  lower  flowers 
separated,  j'-S'  long;  bracts  lanceolate,  equal- 
ling or  longer  than  the  flowers;  flowers  5"-9" 
long;  calyx  split  both  above  and  below,  each  of 
the  lateral  segments  2-clcft,  the  teeth  lanceolate- 
subulate;  corolla-tube  yellowish,  scarcely  con- 
stricted above  the  ovary,  the  limb  bluish. 

Parasitic  on  the  roots  of  clover,  New  Jersey  to 
V'irKiuia.  Natur.ili/.ed  from  lviinj]ie.  Called  also 
IJevil's-rool  and  Hell-root.     May-July. 


3.  Orobanche  Ludoviciana  Nutt.     I^oiiis- 
iana  Broom-rape.     (Fig.  3362.) 

Orohanche  Lmioiu'ciaiia  Nutt.  ('.en.  2:  58.      iSiS. 
Aphvllon   Lndovicianum  A.    Gray,    Hot.    Cal.   i:    585. 
1S76. 

.Stems  stout,  simple,  solitary  or  clustered,  viscid- 
puberulent,  4'-i2'  high,  scaly.  Flowers  6"-S"  long, 
very  numerous  in  dense  terminal  spiki..-*,  1-2-bractcd 
under  the  calyx;  calyx  5-clcft,  the  lobes  somewhat 
unequal,  linear-lanceolate,  acuminate,  longer  than 
the  corolla-tube,  or  shorter;  corolla  2-lipped,  pur- 
plish, its  tube  narrow,  about  twice  as  long  as  the 
limb;  anthers  woolly;  capsule  ovoid-oblong,  shorter 
than  the  calyx. 

In  sandy  soil,  Illinois  to  the  Northwest  Territory,  south 
to  Texas,  Arizona  and  California.     June-Aug. 

3.   CONOPHOLIS  Wallr.  Orobanch.  78.      1825. 
An  erect  stout  simple  glabrous,  densely  scaly,  light  brown  herb,  parasitic  on  the  roots  of 
trees,  with  yellowish  flowers  2-bracteolate  under  the  calyx,  in  a  thick  dense  bracted  spike,  the 


Vol..  III.] 


BROOM-RAIM-;  FAMIIA'. 


197 


585- 

viscid- 

l"  long, 

Ibractcd 

iiewhat 

tr  than 

[A,  pur- 

aa  the 

Ishorter 

ly,  south 


toots  of 
Ike,  the 


briicts  similar  to  tiie  scales  of  the  stem.  Calyx  ohlir|uc,  deeply  split  011  the  lower  side,  ,-^-4* 
tootlieil  on  the  upper.  Corolla  strongly  a-lipped,  the  lube  slightly  curved,  the  upper  lip 
concave,  nearly  erect,  cmarginatc,  the  lower  spreading,  .^-lohed.  Stamens  exserted;  anther- 
sacs  bristly  jiubesccnt,  I'liccntac  about  ecjuidistant;  stigma  capitate,  obscurely  2-lamcllale. 
Capsule  ovoid-globose.    [Greek,  signifying  a  scaly  cone.] 

Two   known   s)iiriis,  one  of  eastern  North 
Anaricn,  the  oilier  Mixican. 

1.    Conopholis  Americana  (L.  f. ) 
Wallr.     Squiuv-root.     (i''iK-  33^'3- ) 

On'hiDiihr  Ainri  iiana  I,,  f.  .Stippl.  «S.      1767. 
Co  no  f>  ho  I  is    Anu'iicaiia    Wallr.    Orubnticli.    78. 

1825. 

I'lauts  3'-io'  high  from  a  thickened  base, 
light  brown,  usually  clustered,  covered  all 
over  with  slifTimbricated  scales.  I'pper  scales 
lanceolate  or  ovate,  acute,  6"- 10"  long,  the 
lowest  much  shorter;  flowers  about  ,'i' long, 
exceedingly  numerous  in  the  dense  spike 
which  is  ()"-\o"  thick;  corolla  pale  yellow, 
somewhat  exceeding  the  calyx;  anthers  sagit- 
tate; capsule  ovoid-globosc,  ^"-~,"  high. 

In  rich  woods  at  bases  of  tms  (Candida?);  Maine 
to  MicliiKan.  siailh  to  I'lorida.  Called  also  Can- 
cer-root and  ICarth  Club.     April- Auk. 


4.    LEPTAMNIUM  Rat.  Am.  Month.  Mag.  2:  267.      Feb.  1818. 
[Ki'ii-AC.is  Nutt.  Gen.  2;  60.      i.SiS.] 

An  erect  slender  glabrous,  purplish  or  yellowish,  rather  stilT  branching  herb,  parasitic  on 
the  roots  of  the  beech,  with  few  small  scattered  scales,  and  sessile  dimorphous  flowers,  dis- 
tantly spicate  on  the  branches,  the  lower  cleistogamous,  abundantly  fertile,  the  upper  com- 
plete but  mostly  sterile.  Calyx  short,  nearly  efinally  5-toothed.  Corolla  of  the  upper  (lowers 
cyliudric,  slightly  flattened  laterally,  the  tul)e  much  longer  than  the  4-lobed  liml),  the  upper 
lobe  concave,  larger  than  the  ;,  lower  ones;  stamens  not  exserted;  anther-sacs  mucronulale 
at  the  base;  style  filiform,  2.1obed;  ovary  with  an  adnate  gland  on  the  upper  side  near  the 
base.  Corolla  of  the  lower  flowers  minute,  not  unfolding,  borne  like  a  hood  on  the  summit 
of  the  ovoid  ovary;  style  very  short;  placentae  contiguouB  in  pairs;  capsuleat  length  J-valved 
at  the  summit,     [dreek,  referring  to  the  small  cal)x.] 

A  nionotypic  genus  of  eastern  North  .\nierica. 

I.   Leptamnium  Virginianum  (L.) 
Raf.     Beech-drops.     (Fig.  3364.) 

Oro/iaiic/ie  I'lnriniaiia  I,.  Sp.  PI.  633.  175,5. 
/■:/>i/<li,nis  Ameiicaiin  Nutt.  Gen.  2:  60,  1818. 
Kpiphf^us   I'irginiana  Bart.  Conip.   I'l.  Phil. 

2:  so.     1818. 
LefilamuiiDii  I'irffiniaiiuin  Raf.;  A.  Gmy,  Syn. 

i'l.  2:  Part  i,  31.).      187.S.     As  synonym. 

Plant  6'-?°  high  from  a  thick  scaly  base, 
the  roots  ijrittlc,  fdjrous.  Stem  paniculately 
branched,  the  brancnes  straight,  ascending; 
scales  very  few  and  small;  corolla  of  the 
upper  flowers  ^"-z"  long  and  i"  thick, 
striped  with  purple  and  white,  the  limb  not 
at  all  spreading;  stamens  about  as  long  as 
the  corolla;  style  slightly  exserted;  lower 
flowers  ij^"  long,  the  corolla  resembling  the 
calyptra  of  a  moss;  capsule  3"  high,  some- 
what oblique  and  compressed,  many-seeded. 

In  beech  woods,  New  Brunswick  to  Florida, 
west  to  Ontario,  Michigan,  Missouri  and  Louisi- 
ana.    Called  also  Cancer-root.     Aug.-Oe'i.. 


"^^F 


4  %\ 


1 98 


lUCNONIACKAE. 


[Vol..  III. 


Family  30.     BIGNONIACEAE  Pcrs.  Syii.  2:  168.      1807. 

Tur.Mi'i;'!'  ckKKi'i.R  1'amii.v. 
Trees,  shrubs  or  woody  vines,  a  few  exotic  species  herbs,  with  opposite 
(rarely  alternate)  conipoiuul  or  simple  leaves,  and  mostly  larja^e  and  .show}',  clus- 
tered terminal  or  axillary,  more  or  less  irregular  flowers.  Calyx  inferior,  gamo- 
sepalons.  Corolla  gamopetalous,  funnelform,  canipanulate,  or  tubular,  5-lobed, 
.somewhat  2-lij)ped,  at  least  in  the  bud.  Anther-bearing  stamens  2  or  4,  in- 
serted on  the  tube  of  the  corolla  and  alternate  with  its  lobes;  anthers  2-celled, 
the  sacs  longitudinally  dehjscent.  Disk  atmular  or  cup-like.  Ovary  sessile  or 
stalked,  mostly  2-celled;  placentae  parietal,  or  on  the  partition-wall  of  the  ovary; 
ovules  very  numerous,  horizontal,  anatropmis;  style  slender;  stigma  terminal, 
2-lobed.  Capsule  2-valved,  loculicidally,  septifragally  or  septicidally  dehiscent. 
Seeds  llat,  transverse,  winged  in  our  genera;  endosperm  none;  cotyledons  broad 
and  flat,  eniarginate  01  2-lobed;  radicle  short,  straight. 

Abinitiin  (>L'iR'r,i  ami  500  species  of  \vi<le  iJiooKraiiluc  ilislributiou  ill  Iropical  rcKioiis,  <t.  few  in  the 
iiorUi  and  soutli  Uiiiperale  zones. 
Leaves  coiniinuiul ;  atitlier-l)iariii«'  slanu-lis  i;  oiir  species  vines. 

Calyx-linil)  niuhilale;  capsnle  llatleiied  parallel  witli  its  partition-wall.  i.  /Iii;iti>iiia. 

Calyx  5  tootlieil;  capsule  eoinpresseil  at  riiiflil  anj^les  to  its  partition  wall.  2.   Tecoina. 

Leaves  simple;  aiitlier-beariiifr  stamens  mostly  2;  trees.  3.  Calalpa. 

I.    BIGNONIA  L.  Sp.  PI.  633.      1753. 

Woody  vines,  with  o])|)osite  j-vfoliolale  leaves,  the  terminal  leaflet  usually  reduced  to  a 
leutlril  (some  tropical  species  with  decompound  <h-  even  simple  leaves),  and  larj^e  flowers  iu 
axillary  cymes  or  terminal  p  iiiiclcs.  Calyx  cauipaiinlatc,  the  limh  merely  undulate,  truncate 
or  sli.nhtlv  5-toothed.  Tube  of  the  corolla  much  expanded  above  the  calyx,  the  limb  some- 
what 2-lipped,  5-l<il)ed,  the  lobes  rounded.  .•\nllier-bearingstamens.4,  didynamous,  included, 
inserted  near  the  base  of  the  corolla;  .inther-sacs  ghibrous,  divergent.  Capsule  linear,  flat- 
tened ])arallcl  with  the  thin  ]iarliU(in,  septifragally  dehiscent,  the  margins  of  the  valves  more 
or  less  thickened.  Seeds  in  i  or  2  rows  on  both  margins  of  the  partition,  \viiigc<l,  much 
broailer  than  high,  the  wing  entire,  or  erose  at  the  end.  [Named  after  the  .\bbe  liignon, 
1662-1745,  libraiian  to  I.onis  X\'.] 

About  150  species,  natives  of  .America.    The  followinjf.is  tlie  only  one  known  in  tlie  I'liiled  States. 

I.    Bignonia  crucigera  L.     Tendrillcd 
Trum])L't-llower.     Cross-vine.     (Fig.  o3''5-) 

l!ii;iiiun'a  (i  iiiit;ria  I..  .Sp.  PI.  t)2|.       1755. 
JliiiiiKiiiti  i\if>i  fiiliila  I..  Inc.  cit.      175.V 

A  glabrous  woody  vine,  oflcii  climbing  to  the 
height  of  40^-60=,  the  steins  sometimes  4'  iu  diam- 
eter, exhibiting  a  conspicuous  cross  iu  the  trans- 
verse section.  Leaves  petioled,  commonly  with 
small  simple  stipule-like  ones  in  their  axils,  2-folio- 
late,  terminated  by  a  branched  tendril;  leaflets 
stalked,  oblong  or  ovate,  entire,  acute  or  acuminate 
at  the  apex,  cordate  at  the  base,  pinnatcly  veined, 
3'-7'  long;  c\iiics  numerous,  short-peduucled,  2-5- 
flowercd;  pedicels  i'-2'  long;  calyx  membranous; 
corolla  2'  long,  orange  and  pnberuleiit  without, 
yellow  within;  capsule  s'-~'  long,  H"-io''''  broad, 
very  llat,  each  valve  longitudinally  iiierved;  seeds 
broadly  wingcfl  laterally,  narrowly  winged  above 
and  below,  i  '2'  broad. 

In  ill  .ist  woods,  Viijjinia  to  I'lorida  and  Louisiana, 
north  to  Oliio  and  soiitliern  Illilloi^..  Called  also  Ouar- 
ler  \'iiie.     .April  June. 

2.  TECOMA  Juss.  Gen.  139.  i7»y. 
Climbing  woody  vines  with  aerial  rootlets,  or]  erect  shrubs,  with  opposite  pinnately 
compound  or  sometimes  simple  leaves,  and  large  sliowy  red  or  orange  flowers,  in  terminal 
corymbs,  racemes,  or  panicles.  Calyx  tubular-campanulate,  somewhat  unequally  s-toothed. 
Corolla-tube  elongated,  cnlarge<l  above  the  calyx,  narrowly  canipanulate,  the  limb  slightly 
2-lippcd,  ,s-lobed,  the  lobes  spreading.  .Vntherbearing  stamens  4,  didynamous,  ascending 
under  the  upper  lip;  auther-.sacs  divergent,  glabrous  or  slightly  pubescent.  Capsule 
elongated,  slightly  compressed  at  right-angles  to  the  partition,  loculicidally  and  septicidally 
dehiscent,  .Seeds  in  1,2  or  several  rows  on  each  side  of  the  margins  of  the  partition, 
winged,  the  wing  translucent.     [I'roni  the  Aztec  name  TccotnaxochitL] 


Vor,.  III.] 


TRUMPET-CREErER  FAMILY. 


199 


) 


liiately 
rinitiiil 
lothed. 
inhtly 
gilding 
ipsule 
liilly 
Itilion, 


Aliout  So  species,  njitivcs  of  warm  and  temperate  rcfcions  of  both  the  Old  World  and  the  New. 
Besides  the  following,  another  occurs  in  the  southern  United  States. 

I.   Tecoma  radicans  (L.)  DC.     Trumpet-flower.     Trumpet-creeper. 

(Fig.  3366.) 

Jliffiioiiia  radicans  L.  Sp.  PI.  624.      175^ 
Tecoma  lai/icans  DC.  I'rodr.  9:  223.      iS.(5. 

A  woody  vine,  climbing  to  the  height  of  20°-40°,. 
or  ])rostrate  if  meeting  no  snpport.  I,eaves  petiolcd, 
odd-pinnate,  not  tendril-bearing,  S'-l.s'  long;  leaf- 
lets 7-1  r,  ovate  to  lanceolate,  short-stalked,  sharply 
serrate,  reticiilate-veined,  glabrous,  or  pubescent 
on  the  veins  beneath, acute  or  acuminate  at  the  apex, 
narrowed  at  the  base,  i^ '-3' long;  flowers  corym- 
bose, short-pedicelled;  corymbs  2-9-flowercd;  calyx 
coriaceous,  about  l'  long;  corolla  .scarlet,  2)i'  long, 
the  lube  veined  within,  3  times  as  long  as  the  limb; 
anther-sacs  glabrous;  stigma  spatulate;  cajjsule 
stalked,  4'-6'  long,  10"  in  diameter,  narrowed  at 
both  ends,  little  (lattened,  ridged  Jibove  and  below 
by  the  margins  of  the  valves:  seeds  in  several  rows 
on  each  sutface  of  the  partition,  broadly  winged 
laterally,  the  wing  eroded. 

In  moist  woods  and  thickets,  soiitlurn  New  Jersey 
and  Pennsylvania  to  I'lorida  and  Texas,  north  to  Illi- 
nois. ICsc'iipeil  from  cultivation  f\irtlier  north.  Called 
also  Trumpet-vine  and  Trnnipet  Asli.     ,\UK.-Sept. 

I.  CATALPA  Scop.  lutrod.  170.  1771. 
Trees,  or  some  exotic  species  shrubs,  with  opposite  or  rarely  verticillate  .simple  petioled 
leaves,  and  large  showy  white  or  mottled  flowers  in  terminal  panicles  or  corymbs.  Calyx 
closed  in  the  bud,  splitting  irregularly  or  into  2  lips  in  ojiening.  Corolla-tube  campanulate 
or  obconic,  olilique,  expanded  above,  2-lippe(l,  5-lobed,  the  lobes  all  spreading,  their  mar- 
gins crisped.  Anther-bearing  stamens  2,  ascending  under  the  upper  lip  of  the  corolla;  an- 
ther-sacs glabrous,  linear  or  oblong,  divergent;  sterile  stamens  (staminodi,")  3,  short  (or  oc- 
casionally 4  perfect  didyuainous  stamens  and  I  staininodiuin'i.  Disk  obsolete.  Ovary  sessile, 
2-cclIe(l;  ovules  in  2several  rows  on  the  sides  of  the  jjartition.  Caps\de  elongated-linear, 
terete,  loculicidally  dehiscent.  Seeds  flat,  the  large  lateral  wings  dissected  into  capillary 
processes.     [The  .American  Indian  name  of  the  first  species  below.] 

.'\bout  7  species,  the  followinsj  in  eastern  Nortli  America,  2  in  eastern  .Vsia,  2  or  3  in  the  West 
Indies. 

Corolla  tliiekly  spotted  within,  I'-i ';'  lonn.  the  lower  lobt-  entire.  1.  C.  Calalpa 

Corolla  little  spotted,  2'  long,  the  lower  lobe  emarginate.  2.  C.  speciosa. 

I.  Catalpa  Catalpa  (L.)  Karst.     Catalpa. 
Indian  Bean.     Candle-tree.    15ean-tree. 

(Fig-  33t'7-) 

Jiii;)ioii>a  Catalfta  I,.  ,Sp.  I'l.  622.       I7,S3. 
Cd/a//>a  In'i;  110)1  ioidrs  Walt.  1"1.  Car.  61'.      17S8. 
Colalfa  Catalpa  Karst.  Deutseh.  I'l.  927.      1880-83. 

.\  tree,  with  thin  llaky  bark,  reaching  a  maximum 
height  of  about  60"  and  a  trunk  diameter  of  4°,  the 
branches  spreading.  Leaves  strong-scented,  broadly 
ovate,  entire,  or  3-lobed,  acute  or  acuminate  at  the 
apex,  densely  pubescent  beneath,  becoming  gla- 
brous above,  obtuse  at  the  base,  6'-i2'  long,  the 
lobes,  when  present,  acuminate;  petioles  stout, 
nearly  as  long  as  the  blade;  flowers  white.numerous, 
mottled  with  yellow  and  purple  within,  I'-l'/i' 
long,  in  large  terminal  erect  panicles;  corolla-tube 
campanulate,  the  lower  lobe  entire;  capsules  lo'-l3' 
long,  4"-s"  thick,  thin-walled,  drooping. 

In  woods  in  the  Gulf  States.  JCscaped  from  cultiva- 
tion northward  as  fir  as  Pennsylvania  niid  southern 
New  York.  Wood  brown,  soft,  weak,  durable  in  eon- 
tact  with  the  soil.  Weight  per  cubic  foot  28  lbs. 
June-Jidy. 


200 


BIGNONIACEAE. 


[Vol..  III. 


2.   Catalpa  speciosa  Warder. 

Catawba  Tree.     Larger  Indian  Bean.' 

(Fig.  3368.) 

Catalpa  speciosa  Warder;  Kiigelm.'  Coult.  Hot. 

r.az.  5:  I.      18S0. 
Catalpa  cvrdifotia  Duliam.  Nouvtaii,  a;'//.  5. 

1S02.     Not  Moenrli,  1794. 

A  tree,  with  thick  rough  bark,  reaching  a 
niaxiuiuni  height  of  120°  and  a  diameter 
trunk  of4^°,  siniilartotheprecedingspecies. 
Leaves  not  unpleasantly  scented,  broadly 
ovate.coninionly  entire.long-acuniinate  at  the 
apex;  panicles  few-flowered;  corolla  faintly 
mottled  within,  the  tube  obconic,  the  limb 
only  slightly  oblique,  the  lower  lobe  eniar- 
giiiate;  capsule  thick-walled,  lo'-2o'  long, 
nearly  10"  in  diameter. 

In  wdiids,  soutlicrn  Illinoisto  Tennessee,  west 
to  Missouri  and  Arkansas.  Wood  brown,  soft, 
weak,  durable.  Weight  per  cubic  foot  26  lbs. 
5Iaj--Juue. 


Family  31.     MARTYNIACEAE  Unk,  Ilandb.  i:  504.       1829. 

U  N  ICO  R  N-r  r,  A.N  T  1'  A  M 1 1.  Y. 

Herbs,  with  opposite  leaves,  or  the  upper  sometimes  alternate,  and  perfect 
irregular  flowers,  racemose  in  our  species.  Calyx  inferior,  4-5-cleft  or  4-5- 
parted  or  sometimes  .split  to  the  base  on  the  lower  side.  Corolla  gamopetalous, 
irregular,  the  tube  oblique,  often  decurved,  the  limb  slightly  2-lipped,  5-lobed, 
the  lobes  nearly  equal,  the  2  upper  ones  exterior  in  the  bud.  Anther-bearing 
stamens  4,  didynamous,  or  the  posterior  pair  sterile;  anthers  2-celled,  the  sacs 
longitudinally  dehiscent.  Ovary  i -celled,  with  2  parietal  placentae  expanded 
into  broad  surfaces,  or  2-4-celled  by  the  intrusion  of  the  placentae  or  by  false 
partitions;  ovules  numerous  or  few  in  each  cavity  of  the  ovary,  anatropous; 
style  slender;  stigma  2-lobed  or  2-lamellate.  Fruit  various  in  the  different 
genera.  Seeds  oblong  or  orbicular,  compre.s.sed,  wingless  or  narrowly  winged; 
endosperm  none;  embryo  large;  cotyledons  fleshy,  flat;  radicle  short  and  straight. 

Three  genera  and  lo  species,  mainly  tropical. 

I.    MARTYNIA  L.  Sp.  PI.  618.      1753. 

Coarse  diffusely  branched  glandular-pubescent  and  viscid  strong-scented  herbs,  with  oppo- 
site or  alternate  long-petioled  leaves,  and  large  violet  purple  whitish  or  mottled  flowers  in 
short  terminal  racemes.  Calyx  l-2-bracteolate  at  the  base,  campanulate,  inflated,  unequally 
5-cleft,  deciduous.  Corolla  funuelform-campanulate,  obliiiue,  decurved,  the  5  lobes  nearly 
equal,  spreading.  Stamens  4  in  our  species;  anthers  gland-tipped,  their  sacs  divergent. 
Ovary  i-celled,  the  2'  parietal  placentae  intruded  and  expanded  in  the  center  of  the  cavity 
into  broad  surfaces  bearing  the  ovules  in  i  or  2  rows.  Fruit  an  incurved  beaked  loculicidally 
2-valved  capsule,  the  exocarp  somewhat  fleshy,  the  eiidocarp  fibrous,  woody,  crested  below 
or  also  above,  4-cellcd  by  the  extension  of  the  placentae.  Seeds  numerous,  tuberculate. 
[Named  for  John  Martyn,  1693-1768,  professor  of  botany  at  Cambridge,  England.] 

.\bout  8  species,  natives  of  .\merica.  Besides  the  following,  2"others  occur^in  the  southwesi- 
ern  United  States. 


Vol.  III.] 


UXIC()RN-PI..\NT  FAMILY. 


20I 


I.    Martynia  Louisiana  Mill.     Unicorn- Plant.     Klephant's  Trunk. 
Double-claw.     (Fig.  3369.) 

Rr.  Louisiana  Mill.  Clard.  Diet.  lid.  8,  no.  3.      1768. 
jird)  /j/nia  piv/wscidca  G\ox.  Obs.  14.      ij'io- 

Auuual,  densely  glandular-pubescent  all  over; 
stem  stout,  much  branched,  the  branches  pros- 
trate or  ascending,  i°-3°  long.  Leaves  broadly 
ovate  to  orbicular,  rounded  at  the  apex,  cordate 
at  the  base,  rcpand,  undulate  or  entire,  y-J2'  in 
diameter,  the  petiole  stout,  mostly  longer  than 
the  blade;  bractlcts  at  the  base  of  the  calyx  ob- 
long or  linear,  deciduous;  calyx  somewhat  cleft 
ou  the  lower  side;  racemes  several-flowered; 
pedicels  slender;  corolla  whitish  or  yellowish, 
mottled  with  purple  or  yellow  within,  I  ^'-2' 
long,  the  limb  nearly  as  broad,  the  lobes  obtuse; 
stamens  all  anther-bearing;  fruit  strongly 
curved,  4'-6'  long  when  tnature,  the  beak  longer 
than  the  body,  splitting  into  2  elastically  di- 
verging segments,  the  endocarp  crested  ou  the 
under  side  only. 

In  waste  placLS,  escnptd  from  gardLiis,  Jlaine 
to  Xiw  JcrsLV  and  Nortli  Carolina.  Native  in  the 
Mississippi  Valky  from  Iowa  and  Illinois  south- 
ward.    July-Si.pt. 


1S05. 


ise 


illy 
rly 
ut. 
itv 
lly 
ow 
te. 


Family  32.     ACANTHACEAE  J.  St.  Hil.  Expos.  Fam.  i:  236. 

AC.\NTIUS  r\\MILV. 

Herbs,  or  .some  tropical  genera  shrubs  or  small  trees,  with  opposite  simple 
exstipulate  leaves,  and  irregular  or  nearly  regular  perfect  flowers.  Calyx  in- 
ferior, persistent,  4-5-parted  or  4-5-cleft,  the  sepals  or  segments  imbricated, 
equal  or  unequal.  Corolla  gamopetalous,  nearly  regularly  5-lobed  with  the 
lobes  convolute  in  the  bud,  or  con.spicuously  2-lipped.  Aiither-benring  stamens 
4,  didynamous,  or  2  only;  anthers  mostly  2-celled,  the  sacs  longitudinally  de- 
hiscent. Disk  annular,  or  cup-like.  Ovary  2-celled;  ovules  2-10  in  each  cavity, 
anatropous  or  amphitropous;  style  filiform,  simple;  stigmas  i  or  2.  Capsule 
dry,  2-celled,  loculicidally  elastically  2-valved.  Seeds  globose  or  orbicular,  not 
winged,  borne  on  curved  projections  (retinacula)  from  the  placentae,  the  testa 
close,  mostly  roughened,  often  developing  .spiral  threads  and  mucilage  when 
wetted.  luulosperm  in  the  following  genera  none;  cotyledons  flat,  commonly 
cordate. 

About  175  genera  and  iSoo  species,  natives  of  temperate  and  tropical  regions  of  the  Old  World 
and  the  New. 
Corolla  convolute  in  the  bud,  nearly  regular;  stamens  4. 

Ovules  2  in  each  cavity;  capsule  2-4seeded. 

Ovules  ,^-io  in  each  cavity;  capsule  6-20seeded. 
Corolla  imbricated  in  the  bud,  strongly  2-lipped;  stamens  2. 

Lower  lij)  of  the  corolla  vdeft;  flowers  hracted,  not  invoUicrate. 

Lower  lip  of  the  corolla  entire  or  3-toothed;  flowers  involucrate. 


1.  Calophanes. 

2.  RiicUia. 

3.  Ih'a)illiera. 

4.  Diapi'dium. 


I.    CALOPHANES  Don  ;   Sweet,  Brit.  Fl.  Gard.  (II).   //.  rSr.      1833. 

Erect  or  procuml>etit  perennial  herbs  or  shrubs,  with  entire  leaves  (smaller  ones  some- 
times fascicled  in  their  axils),  and  blue  or  purple,  rather  large,  bracted  flowers,  axillary,  soli- 
tary or  clustered.  Calyx  deeply  5-cleft,  the  lobes  setaceou.-.  Corolla  futinelform,  the  tube 
slightly  curved,  enlarged  above,  or  cylindraceous,  the  limb  spreading,  5-lobed,  somewhat 
2-lipped,  the  lobes  rounded,  sinistrorsely  convolute  in  the  bud.  Stamens  4,  didynamous,  in- 
cluded, all  anther-bearing  in  our  species;  anther-sacs  uiucronatc  at  the  base.  Ovules  2  in 
each  cell  of  the  ovary;  summit  of  the  style  recurved;  stigma  simple,  or  of  2  unequal  lobes. 
Capsule  oblong,  linear,  narrowed  at  the  base,  2-4-seeded.  Seeds  flat,  orbicular,  attached  by 
their  edges  to  the  retinacula.     [Greek,  beautiful  appearance.] 

About  30  species,  of  wide  distribution  in  warm  and  tropical  regions.  Besides  the  following,  4 
others  occiir  in  the  southern  and  southwestern  United  States. 


202 


ACANTHACEAE. 


[Vor,.  III. 


I.  Calophanes  oblongifolia  (Michx.) 
Don.     Calophanes.     (Fig.  3370. ) 

Kuellia  bifloia  I..  Sp.  PI.  635.      I7,S3  ? 

Ji.  ohloiiirj/oliii  Michx.  I"l.  Hon  Am.  2:  23.      1803. 

Ca/(>/>/itiiu.s  oA/o/zf/'/o//!/ Don;    Swctt,  llrit.  I'l. 

Gard.  (ID  />/.  /S/.      i,S,vv 
Jh'/>ffiaiant/iiis  bijlonis  Neus,  Liiiiiaca,  16:  294. 

1 8.)  2. 

Rootstocks  liori/ontal,  slender.  Stems 
slender,  erect,  simple,  or  branched  below, 
pubescent  or  jjuberulcnt,  obtusely  .(-angled, 
6'-i5'  liiKli,  rather  stiff.  Leaves  ascending 
or  erect,  ol)loiij,'or  oval,  rounded  at  the  apex, 
somewhat  narrowed  at  the  base,  very  short- 
pelioled,  or  sessile,  pubescent  or  glabrate, 
S'^-is"  long;  flowers  commonly  solitary  in 
the  axils;  cilyxsegmcnts  filiform,  hirsute, 
exceeding  the  oblong  obtuse  bractlcts;  cor- 
olla blue,  or  mottled  with  purple,  S"-i2" 
long,  slightly  2-lipped,  its  tnl>e  enlarged 
above;  capsule  oblong,  about  one-half  the 
Icngtli  of  the  calyx;  anther-sacs  mncrouate- 
aristate  at  the  base. 

Ill  sandy  pine  barrens,  VirRiiiia  to  I'Uirida, 
mainly  near  the  coast.    Junt-Scpt. 

2.  RUELLIA  L.  Sp.  PL  634.  1753. 
Perennial  herbs,  or  shrubs,  mostly  pubescent,  with  entire  or  rarely  dentate  leaves,  and 
large  violet  blue  white  or  yellow  flowers,  solitary  or  clustered  in  the  axils,  or  cymose  in  tcr- 
tniiial  panicles.  Calyx  5-cleft,  or  s-partcd,  the  segments  narrow.  Corolla  fnnnelform  or 
salvcrform,  the  tube  usually  narrow,  slightly  enlarged  above,  the  limb  spreading,  5  lobed, 
the  lobes  obtuse,  mostly  neatly  e(inal,  sinistrorscly  convolute  in  the  bud.  Stamens  4,  in- 
cluded or  cxserted;  anther-sacs  not  mncronate  at  the  base.  Ovules  ,^-io  in  each  cavity  of  the 
ovary;  apex  of  '.iie  style  recurved;  stigma  simple,  or  of  2  unecjual  lobes.  Capsule  oblong 
or  club  shaped  compresFcd  or  terete,  6-20-seeded.  Seeds  compressed,  ovate  or  orbicular,  at- 
tached by  their  edges  to  the  retinacula.  [Named  for  I.  Riiel  or  de  la  Ruelle,  1474-1537,  an 
early  I'rench  herbalist.] 

About  200  species,  mainly  of  tropical  .\nierica.  a  few  in  .\frica,  Asia  ami  Australia.      Desides 
the  following:,  some  5  others  occur  in  the  southern  and  sonlliwestern  I'nited  States. 

Flowers  sessile  or  nearly  so. 

Calyxsefrmeiils  linear-lanceolate,  scarcely  cxeeedinpf  the  cai)sule.  i.  R.  s/ir/iciis. 

Calyxsesfineiils  lllifornrlinear,  iiinch  exceeding;  the  capsule.  2.  A',  n'/in.sa. 

I'lowers  ped-ncled;  peduncle  with  two  large  bracts  at  the  snintnit.  3.  Jf.  pediiiiciilala. 

I.    Ruellia  strepens  L,.     Smooth  Ruellia.     (Fig.  3371.) 

Rucllia  alrcfeits  I..  .Sp.  PI.  6,5;.      175,5. 

Cilabrate,  or  somewhat  pubescent;  stem 
erect,  .slender,  simple,  or  branched,  4-side<l, 
i°-4°  high,  the  branches  ascending.  Leaves 
oblong,  oval,  or  ovate,  petiolcd,  acute  or  sub- 
acute at  the  apex,  narrowed  at  the  ba.sc,  o'-6' 
long;  petioles  2"-u/'long;  flowers  solitary  or 
several  together  in  the  axils;  calyx-segments 
linear-lanceolate,  shorter  than  the  corolla- 
tube,  slightly  pubescent  or  ciliate,  S"-i2" 
long,  /<"-!"  wide;  corolla  blue,  I li '-2' long, 
the  limb  nearly  as  broad,  the  tube  about  as 
long  as  the  throat  and  limb;  capsule  club- 
shaped,  longer  than  or  equalling  the  calyx. 

In   dry  woods,    Pennsylvania   to  Wisconsin, 
south  to  Florida  and  Texas.     JIay-July. 
Ruellia   strepens   micrantha  (Engelm.   &  Gray) 

liritton. 
J)il>leracaiillnts  micraiilhus  Ivngelm.  &  Gray, 

Host.  Journ.  Nat.  Hist.  5:  257.      1845. 
Ruellia  atrcpciis  var.  cleislantha  A.  Gray,  Syn. 

PI.  2;  Part  I,  327.      1S78. 

Flowers  mostly  cleistogamous;  leaves  often 
narrower.     Range  of  the  type. 


Vol,.  III.] 


ACANTHUS  FAMILY. 


203 


2.    Ruellia  cilidsa  Piirsli. 


Hairy  Ruellia.       (Fig.  3372.) 

Kuellia  ciliosa  Pursh,  Fl.  Am.  Sept.  420.      iSt4. 

vSiinilar  to  the  preceding  species,  but  hir- 
sute or  pubescent,  at  least  above;  stem  erect, 
or  ascciuling,  rather  slout,  l°-2)'^°  high. 
Leaves  hairy,  ciliate  oblong,  oval,  or  ovatCi 
sessile  or  short-petioled,  obtuse  or  subacute 
at  the  apex,  narrowed  at  the  base,  'ili'-'s' 
long;  flowers  clustered  or  solitary  in  the 
axils,  sometimes  cleislogamous;  calyx-seg- 
ments filiform,  hirsute,  \n"-i2"  long,  about 
'4  "  wide;  corolla  blue,  1^-2 '-2'  long,  the  tube 
e()ualling  or  longer  than  the  obcouic  throat 
and  nearly  regular  limb;  capsule  shorter  than 
the  calyx. 

In  dry  si>il,  southern  New  Jcrsiy  and  Pennsyl- 
vania,to  l'"lot  ida,  west  lo  MidiiKaii,  Nebraska  and 
Louisiana.  Perliaps  includes  several  species. 
Jinie-Si-pt. 

Ruellia  ciliosa  parviflora  (Nets)  Britton. 
/)i/>/<-i aian//iii.s  cUiosus  var.  paivijloius  Nees, 

l.innaca,  16;  29).       18)2. 
Ruellia  ciliosa  var  aiiiltigiia  A.  Gray,  Syn.  Fl. 

2:  Part  i,  326.       1S7S. 

Clabfdus  or  nearly  so  throUKbout.  or  the  caly.t 
pnlHSoent;  leaves  often  manifestly  pelioled. 
Virginia  to  .Mabama. 


3.    Ruellia  pedunculata  Torr. 
Stalked  Ruellia.     (Fig.  3373.) 

Ruellia  pediiiir.ulala'torr.;  \.  Gray,  Syn.  Fl. 
2;  Part  I,  326.      187S. 

I'inely  pubescent;  stem  erect,  i°-2^i° 
tall,  the  branches  spreading.  Leaves 
ovate  to  oblong-lanceolate,  acute  or  acum- 
inate at  the  ape.x,  narrowed  at  the  base, 
short-pctioled,  the  larger  2'-3'  long;  pe- 
duncles slender,  spreading,  i'-;/  long, 
with  2  leaf-like  bracts  at  the  summit 
which  subtend  a  solitary  flower,  or  2  or  3 
slender-pedicelled  ones  with  pedicels 
similarly  bracted;  calyx-segments  awn- 
like, eiiualling  the  narrow  corolla-tube,  or 
shorter;  corolla  funnclform,  \\i'-2'  long; 
capsule  about  i(3"long,  puberulent,  longer 
than  the  calyx. 

In  dry  soil,  Jlissouri  to  Arkansas  and 
Louisiana.     Jnne-Sc])t. 


3.    DIANTHERA  L.  Sp.  PI.  27.      1753. 

Herbs,  mostly  perennial,  with  entire  or  rarely  dentate  leaves,  and  small  or  large  very  ir- 
regular flowers,  variously  clustered  or  solitary  in  the  axils.  Calyx  deeply  4-5-partcd,  the 
segments  narrow.  Corolla-tube  slender,  short  or  elongated,  curved  or  nearly  straight,  the 
limb  conspicuously  2-lippcd;  upper  lip  interior  in  the  bud,  erect  or  ascending,  concave,  entire, 
or  2-deutale;  lower  lip  spreading,  .ycleft.  Stamens  2,  inserted  on  the  throat  of  the  corolla,  not 
exceeding  the  upper  lip;  anther-sacs  ovate  or  oblong,  slightly  divcrgent,not  mucronate,separa- 
tcd  by  a  rather  broad  connective.  Ovules  2  in  each  cavity  of  the  ovary;  style  slender;  stigma 
entire,  or  2-lobed.  Capsule  contracted  at  the  base  into  a  long  stipe,  about  4-seeded.  Seeds  flat, 
orbicular  or  ovate,  the  placentae  not  separating  from  the  walls  of  the  capsule.  [Greek,  double 
anthers.] 

About  100  species,  native  of  tropical  .\nierica,  a  few  in  tropical  Asia  and  Africa.  Besides  the 
following,  4  others  occur  in  the  southern  and  soutliweslern  United  States. 

I'lowers  capitate,  the  heads  dense,  at  length  oblong.  i.  /7    Americana. 

Flowers  in  loose  spikes,  2,  I),  oz'ala. 


304 


ACANTIIACEAE. 


[Vol.  III. 


I.   Dianthera  Americana  L. 

Dense -flowered  Water  Willow. 
(I-'ig-  3374-) 

Dianlhcra  Americana  I,.  Sp.  PI.  27.      I7,S,1. 

Perennial,  glabrous;  stem  erect,  grooved 
and  angled,  slender,  usually  simple,  l°-3° 
high.  Leaves  lanceolate  or  lineardanceo- 
late,  gradually  acuminate,  3'-6'  long,  3"- 
S"  wide,  entire,  narrowed  at  the  base  into 
short  petioles,  or  sessile;  flowers  violet,  or 
nearly  white,  capitatc-spicate  at  the  ends  of 
slender  axillary  peduncles  which  are  shorter 
than  or  equal  the  leaves;  bractlets  linear- 
subulate,  shorter  than  the  flowers;  corolla 
5"-6"  long,  its  tube  shorter  than  the  lips, 
the  base  of  the  lower  lip  rough  and  palate- 
like; capsule  6"  long,  exceeding  the  calyx, 
its  stipe  about  the  length  of  the  slightly 
compressed  body. 

In  wati^r  and  wet  places,  Ontario  and  Miclii 
gan  to  Georgia  and  Texas.     May-.\ug. 


2.    Dianthera  ovata  Walt.     Loose-flowered  Water  Willow.     (Fig.  3375.) 


Dianlhcra  ovala  Walt.  ri.  Car.  63.      17S8. 

Dianthera    humilis    Iviigehn.   iS:    Cray,    Host. 
Journ.  Nat.  Hist.  5:  2jo.     Name  only.      iS|,5. 

Perennial,  glabrous;  stem  ascending  or 
erect  from  a  horizontal  base,  slender,  6'-2o' 
high,  simple,  or  sparingly  branched.  Leaves 
short-petioled,  or  sessile,  ovate,  oblong,  oval, 
lanceolate, or  linear,  i '-3' long,  2'''-iS''' wide; 
flowers  in  loose  slender-pedunclcd  axillary 
spikes,  which  become  i'-3'  long;  peduncles 
shorter  than  or  but  little  exceeding  the 
leaves;  calyx-segments  narrowly  linear,  nmch 
longer  than  the  bracts  and  bractlets;  corolla 
pale  purple,  /^"-^"  long;  capsule  about  6" 
long. 

In  wet  soil,  especially  along  streams,  southern 
Virginia  to  Florida,  west  to  Arkansas  and  Texas. 
June-Aug. 


4.  D  APEDIUM  Konig;  Kotiig  &  Sims,  Ann.  Bot.  2:  189.  1806. 
[DlCLlPTKRA  Juss.  Ann.  Mus.  Paris,  9:  267.  1807.] 
Erect  or  diffuse  branched  pubescent  or  glabrous  herbs,  with  entire  petioled  leaves,  and 
blue  red  or  violet  flowers,  subtended  by  involucres  of  2-4  distinct  or  connate  bracts,  the  in- 
florescence mostly  cymose  or  spicate,  the  involucres  subtending  i  flower  or  several.  Calyx 
4-S-cleft,  the  lobes  linear  or  subulate.  Corolla-tube  slender,  slightly  enlarged  above,  the 
limb  conspicuously  2-lipped;  upper  lip  erect.concave,  interior  in  the  bud, entire  or  2-3-toothed ; 
lower  lip  spreading,  entire  or  3-toothed.  vStaniens  2;  anther-sacs  parallel,  sometimes  unequal, 
separated  by  a  narrow  connective.  Style  filiform;  ovules  2  in  each  cavity  of  the  ovary. 
Capsule  flattened,  ovate  or  suborbicular,  sessile  or  stipitate,  2-4-seedcd.  Placentae  separat- 
ing elastically  from  the  walls  of  the  capsule.     Seeds  compressed,  nearly  orbicular. 

About  60  species,  natives  of  warm  and  tropical  regions.     liesides  the  following,  4  others  occur 
in  the  southern  and  southwestern  United  States. 


Vol.  III.] 


ACANTHUS   FAMILY. 


205 


Is,  aud 
Ihe  in- 

Icalyx 
|e,  the 
3thefl; 
equal, 
jvary. 
Iparat- 


X.   Diapedium  brachisltum  (Pursh)  Kunt/.e.     Diaiieclium.     (Fig.  3376.) 

/usiifia  hiachiala  Pursh,  V\.  Am.  Sept.  13.  1S14. 
nicliplera  biachiala  .SpreiiB.  Syst.  i:  86.  1825. 
Diapedintn  brachialuin  KuiU/.o,  Rev.  ('.en.  PI. 

485.      1S91. 

Annual  (?),  glabratc,  or  pubescent;  stem 
slender,  6-j;roovcd,  erect,  much  branched,  i°- 
2°  high.  Leaves  ovate,  tuenibranous,  long, 
petioled,  acuminate  or  acute  at  the  apex,  nar- 
rowed or  rounded  at  the  base,  ^'-6'  long,  I'-i' 
wide;  inflorescence  paniculate,  the  involucres 
1-4-flowered,  each  of  2  oblong  or  obovate, 
obtuse  or  mucronate,  opposite  bracts;  corolla 
S"-i2'''  long,  pink  or  purple,  the  lips  about 
as  long  as  the  slender  tube;  upper  lip  2-3- 
toothcd,  the  lower  entire;  capsule  oblong,2'''- 
3"  high,  a  little  longer  than  the  involucre, 
the  valves  slightly  divergent  in  dehiscence, 
the  placentae  curving  upward  and  remaining 
attached  to  their  summits. 

In  moist  thickits,  Kiiiisas  (according  to 
Smyth);  Indian  Territory  to  Te.\as,  Florida  and 
North  Carolina.     July-Oct. 

Family  32.     PHRYMACEAE  Scliauer  in  DC.  Prodr.  11:  520.     1847. 

I.oi'.SKKi)  Family. 

All  erect  perennial  herb  with  divaricate  branches,  opposite  membranous 
simple  leaves,  and  small  irregular  purplish  flowers,  distant  in  slender  elongated 
spikes.  Calyx  cylindric,  2-lipped;  upper  lip  2-cleft,  the  teeth  setaceous;  lower 
lip  nuich  shorter,  3-toothed,  the  teeth  sulnilate.  Corolla-tube  cylindric,  the  limb 
2-lipped;  upper  lip  erect,  concave,  emarginate;  lower  lip  larger,  spreading,  con- 
vex, 3-lobed,  the  lobes  obtuse.  Stamens  4,  didynamons,  incltidcd.  Ovary  ob- 
lique, i-celled;  ovule  i ,  orthotropous,  ascending;  style  slender;  stigma  2-lobed. 
Calyx  reflexed  in  fruit,  enclosing  the  dry  achene,  becoming  prominently  ribbed, 
closed  and  its  teeth  hooked  at  the  ends.     Cotyledons  convolute;  radicle  superior. 

Consists  of  the  fcjlUiwiiig: 

I.    PHRYMA  U  Sp.  PI.  6ot.       1753. 

X  monolypic  Rcmis  of  eastern  North  America,  east- 
ern and  eeiitnil  Asia. 

1.    Phryma   Leptostachya   L,.     Lopseed. 
(Fig.  3377-) 

I'Inyiiia  I.efito^lachya  I,.  Sp.  PI.  (ioi.      1753. 

Pubcrulent;  stem  somewhat  4-sided,  sometimes 
constricted  above  tlie  nodes,  branched  above,  the 
branches  slender,  elongated,  divergent.  Leaves 
ovate,  acute  or  acuminate  at  the  apex,  obtuse  or 
narrowed  at  the  base,  very  thin,  coarsely  dentate, 
2'-6'  long, the  lower  petioled,  the  upper  often  nearly 
sessile;  spikes  very  narrow,  3'-6'  long;  flowers 
about  3"  long,  mostly  opposite,  distant,  borne  on 
very  short  nunutely  2-bractcolate  pedicels,  at  first 
erect,  soon  spreading,  the  calyx,  after  flowering, 
abruptly  reflexed  against  the  axis  of  the  spike. 

In  woods  and  thickets,  Canada  to  Minnesota,  south 
to  P'lorida  and  Kans.as.      June-Aug. 

Family  ZZ-     PLANTAGINACEAE  Lindl.  Nat.  Syst.  Ed.  2,  267.       1836. 

Plantain  Family. 
Annual  or  perennial,  mostly  acaulescent  or  short-stemmed,  rarely  stolonifer- 
ous  herbs,  with  basal,  or,  in  the  caulescent  species,  opposite  or  alternate  leaves, 
and  small  perfect  polygamous  or  monoecious  flowers,  bracteolate  in  den.se  ter- 
minal long-scaped  spikes  or  heads,  or  rarely  .solitary.  Calyx  4-parted,  inferior, 
persistent,  the  segments  imbricated.     Corolla  hypogynous,  scarious  or  mem- 


2o6 


pIvAntaginaci<;ah. 


[Vol,,  in. 


braiious,  mostly  niarcesceiit,  4lohc'(l.  Stamens  4  or  2  (only  i  in  an  Andean 
genus),  inserted  on  the  tube  or  throat  of  the  corolla;  filaments  filiform,  exscrted 
or  included;  anthers  versatile,  2-celled,  the  .sacs  longitudinally  dehi.sccnt. 
Ovary  sessile,  superior,  i-2-celled,  or  falsely  ,^-4celled.  Style  filiform,  simple, 
mostly  longitudinally  stigniatic.  Ovules  i-several  in  each  cavity  of  the  ovary, 
peltate,  amphitropous.  I'Vuit  a  pyxis,  circumsci.ssile  at  or  below  the  middle,  or 
an  indehiscent  nutlet.  Seeds  i  several  in  each  cavity  of  the  fruit;  endosperm 
fleshy;  cotyledons  narrow;  radicle  short,  mostly  straight. 
Tliree  KLMicni  and  iivcr  200  species,  of  wide  Keonraphic  distritnitioti. 
IMowers  ill  teriiiinnl  spikes  or  heads;  fruit  a  pyxis.  i.  P!aiila!;o. 

I'lowers  inoiiDeciDUS,  llic  staliiinalc  solitary,  pediinelcd,  the  pistillate  sessile  amonp  the  linear  leaves; 
fruit  itidchiseent.  2.   I.illoiella. 

I.  PLANTAGO  I,.  Sp.  PI.  112.  1753. 
Acaulescent  or  short -stcinincd  herl)s,  the  scapes  arisiiif;  from  the  axils  of  the  basal  or  al- 
ternate leaves,  bearing  terminal  spikes  or  heads  of  small  greenish  or  purplish  flowers  (flowers 
solitary  in  a  few  exotic  species).  Calyx-segments  eriual,  or  two  of  them  larger.  Corolla 
salverform,  the  tube  cyliiidric,  or  constricted  at  the  throat,  the  limb  spreading  in  aiUhesis, 
erect,  spreading  or  rcflvxed  in  fruit,  4-lo!)ed  or  4-parted.  Stamens  4  or  2.  Ovary  2-celIed,  or 
falsely  3-4-celled;  ovules  i -several  in  each  cavity.  I-'ruit  a  membranous  pyxis, mostly  2-celled. 
Seeds  various,  sometimes  hollowed  out  on  the  inner  side.     [The  I/itin  name.] 

Over  200  si)ecies,  of  wide  tteoRraphie  distribution.     liesides  tlic  followiutf,  some  T)  others  occur 
in  the  western  and  southwestern  parts  of  Norlli  .America.  Known  as  Plantain,  Kibw<irt  or  Road  weed. 

•X'   Stem  acaulescent;  flowers  spicate  or  capitate  at  the  ends  of  scapes. 
Corolla-lobes  spreadiuK  or  refie.xc  d  in  fruit,  not  elosed  over  the  top  of  the  py,\is. 
Leaves  ovate,  lanee<ilate  or  ohlmijr. 

See<ls  several  or  many  in  each  pyxis. 

Pyxis  ovoid,  eircumscissile  at  about  the  mi<UUe.  i.  P.  viajor. 

Pyxis  obloutf,  eircumscissile  much  l)elow  the  middle.  2.  P.  Riii;elii. 

Seeds  2-4  in  each  pyxis. 

Leaves  all  narrowed  at  the  base,  parallel-ribbed. 

.Seeds  excavated  on  the  inner  side.  3, 

Seeds  Hal  or  but  slisfhtly  concave  on  the  inner  side. 
Capsule  e(|iialUn«  or  a  little  louKii'  than  the  calyx. 

Spike  very  di-iise;  loaves  ])uiiesceut.  4. 

Lower  flowers  scittered ;  leaves  glabrous  or  very  nearly  so.  ,s.  /'.  epiof>oila. 
Capsule  twice  as  lon^r  as  the  calyx. 
Leaves,  or  souie  of  Ihein,  cordate;  veins  startiiiK  from  the  midrib. 
Leaves  linear  or  liliform. 

Leaves  llesliy;  jilant  maritime. 
Leaves  not  llesliy;  plants  not  maritime. 

Spike  densely  tomeutose;  bractsusnally  not  longer  than  calyx. 
I'lanl  (treen  and  K'abrati-;  bracts  much  longer  than  the  calyx. 
Corolla-lobes  erect  atul  closed  over  the  tot)  of  the  pyxis. 
Leaves  si)aliilate  to  obovate;  stamens  4. 
Leaves  liuear-fdiform;  stamens  2. 

Capsule  about  4-see(led,  sliKhtly  cxceedinjj  tlu'  calyx. 

Capsule  ,H  2(i-seeded,  twice  as  loiiff  as  the  calyx. 

-;;■   -;■;-  stem  erect,  leafy;  flowers  capitate  at  the  ends  of  axillary  peduncles. 

1.    Plantago  major  L,.     Common,  or  Greater  Plantain.     (Fig.  3378. 

Plaiilago  major  L.  Sp.  I'l.  112.  7' 175,). 

Perennial,  glabrous  or  somewhat  pubescent; 
rootslock  short,  thick,  erect;  scapes  longer  than 
the  leaves.  Leaves  spreading  or  ascending, 
long-petioled,  mostly  ovate,  obtuse  or  acutish, 
narrowed,  rounded  or  cord.tte  at  the  base,  entire, 
or  coarsely  dentate,  I'-io'  long,  ^-ii-ribbed; 
scapes  2'-3°  high:  spike  linear-cylindric,  us- 
ually very  dense,  ■"eiiinonly  blunt  at  the  sum- 
mit, 2'-Ky  long,  j"  \''  thick;  flowers  perfect, 
proterogynous;  sepals  broadly  ovate  to  obovate, 
scarious  on  the  margins,  one-half  to  two-thirds 
as  long  as  the  ovoid  obtuse  or  subacute,  5-16- 
seeded  pyxis,  which  is  circum.scissile  at  about 
the  middle;  corolla-lobes  spreading  or  reflexed 
ou  the  summit  of  the  pyxis;  stamens  4. 

In  waste  places,  nearly  throughout  N'ortli  .Amer- 
ica. Naturalized  from  IJurope,  or  perhaps  indige- 
nous in  the  far  North  and  on  salt  meadows.  Smal' 
leaves  are  occasionally  borne  near  the  bases  of  the 
spikes,  and  the  spikes  .are  rarely  branched.  The  salt 
meadow  pliint  may  be  distinct.  May-.Sept.  Old 
names,  Hird-sced,  Broad-leaf,  Hen-plant,  Lamb's-foot,  Waybread,  Ilealing-bladc,  Dooryard  Plantain. 


/'.  lanccolala. 

P.  media. 
P.  eriopod 
(•>.  P.  spar.'iirldra. 

7.  /'.  coi  data. 

8.  P.  maiitima. 


11 


/'.  Piiishii. 
P.  arista  til. 

P.  I'irgiiiiia. 


12. 


eloiii^ala. 

hi-tcrnfilivUa. 

arenaria. 


III. 


Vol..  III.] 


I'LANTAIN  KAMI  I  V 


207 


1 1 1(1. 
lii. 


r  \ 


2.    Plantago  Rugelii  Dec.     Kugel's 
Plantain.     { I-'ig.  3379. ) 

Planliii^o  lKiif;ilii  in  DC.  I'nulr.  13:  I'art  i,  7i«i.  iSs?. 
.Similar  to  the  prccedinj;  species,  the  spikes  less 
dense,  at  least  toward  the  base,  usually  long-at- 
tenuate at  tile  summit,  sometimes  5"  thick.  Sepals 
ohlonj.;,  prominently  keeled  on  the  back,  the  ma'- 
gins  j;rcen  or  scarious;  pyxis  oblotig-cjlindtic,  2"- 
3"  lonj{,  twice  as  louf;  as  the  sepals,  circuinscissilc 
much  below  the  middle  and  entirely  within  the 
calyx,  .(-losecded;  corolla-lohcs  spreaditif;  or  rc- 
flexe<l  on  the  summit  of  the  p)xis;  stamens  .\. 

In  Hclds,  Wdods  and  \v;isle  ])l;iocs,  Maim  and  ( Intariii 
to  Minnesota,  simtli  to  I'Motida,  Kansas  and  Texas. 
I'elioU  s  cDMiinotdy  pnrpli-  ^il  tlu-  base.  Isually  biii;lit 
er  ((reen  and  with  thinner  leaves  llian  /'.  tiuijoi.  This 
species,  or  tlic  preceding;  one,  was  known   to  the   In 

June-Sept. 

Ribwort. 


dians  as  "  White  Man's  I'oot.' 

3.    Plantago  lanceolata  \^ 


Kih-grass.     Juiglish  Plantain. 
Snake  Plantain.     (Fig.  3380. ) 

Platita^o  lanccolala  I,.  ,Sp.  I'l.  113.      I75,v 

f'A^AsiiVW       /\\\  I    I    I     I    I  rcrcnnial  or  biennial,  more  or  less  pul)esrcnt; 

^ii    'i\\\    /  1  \\  I  I  rootstock  short,  erect,  with  tufts  of  brown  hairs 

V-Q^S' W  \    ilW     U\  n  at  the  bases  of  the  leaves.     Leaves  narrowly  ob- 

^^t^A\\\  Y\  1  1  \\    (j  I  /    '     /  / 1      ^      long-lanceolate,  mostly  erect,  shorter  than  the 

scajies,  entire,  acute  or  acuminate  at  the  apex, 
gradually  narrowed  into  petioles,  ,^-5-ribbed,  2'- 
12'  long,  3"- 1 2"  wide;  scapes  slender,  chan- 
nelled, sometimes  2^2°  tall;  spikes  very  dense,  at 
first  short  and  ovoid,  becoming  cylindric,  blunt 
and  ,'"'-4'  long  in  fruit,  ii"-b"  thick;  flowers 
perfect,  protcrogynous;  sepals  ovate,  with  a  nar- 
row green  midrib  and  broad  scarious  margins, 
the  two  lower  ones  commonly  united;  corolla 
glabrous,  its  tube  very  short;  filaments  white; 
pyxis  oblong,  very  obtuse,  2-seeded,  slightly 
longer  than  the  calyx,  circuinscissile  at  about 
the  middle;  seeds  deeply  excavated  on  the  face. 
In  fields  and  was.e  places.  New  lirunswick  to  the 
Northwest  Territory  and  liritish  Columbia,  south  to 
Florida  and  Kansas.  Naturalized  from  ICurope; 
native  al.so  of  Asia.  Sep.Tls  rarely  metaniorphosed  into  small  leaves.  April-Nov.  Old  names, 
Hlaokjaeks,  Jack  straws,  DoK's-rib,  Cocks,  Kemps,  I.eechwort,  Kam's-toiiKUe,  Kattail,  Windles, 
Long  I'lantain,  Kipplc  grass,  Kempseed,  Headsman,  Hen-plant,  Clock,  Chimneysweeps. 


luitain. 


4.    Plantago  media  L 

rhiiil(iL;o  nitclia  I,.  Sp.  I'l.  113.       175.?. 

Perennial,  intermediate  in  aspect  between  /'. 
;;/(7/6>/-aiid  /'.  lana'olatii,  the  short  rootstock  clothed 
with  brown  hairs  among  the  bases  of  the  leaves. 
I<eaves  spreading,  ovate,  broadly  oblong  or  elliptic, 
obtuse  or  acute  at  the  apex,  entire,  or  repand-den- 
tate,  densely  and  finely  canescent,  5-7-ribbcd,  nar- 
rowed at  the  base  into  margined,  usually  short 
petioles;  scapes  slender,  much  longer  than  the 
leaves,  i°-2°  tall;  spikes  very  dense,  cylindric  and 
I '-3'  long  in  fruit,  about  3"  thick;  flowers  perfect, 
white;  sepals  all  distinct,  oblong,  with  a  narrow 
green  midrib  and  broad  scarious  margins;  corolla 
glabrous;  stamens  pink  or  purple;  pyxis  oblong,  ob- 
tuse, about  as  long  as  the  calyx,  2-4-seeded,  the 
seeds  merely  concave  on  the  face;  stamens  4. 

In  waste  places,  Elaine,  Rhode  Island,  Ontario  and 
New  York,  .'\dvcntive  from  liurope.  N.ative  also  of 
Asia.  JIay-.Stpt.  Old  names.  Fire -leaves,  I'Mie-weed, 
Lamb's  Lettuce,  Lamb's  Tongue,  Healing  Herb. 


Hoary  Plantain. 


2o8 


I'LANTAOINACKAK. 


[Vol.  m. 


Plantago  eriopoda  Torr.     Saline  Plantain.     (Fig.  3;,8:;.) 

Phiiiliii^o  Khrhni  Nutt.  Cvn.  i.  i.io.      1818^ 

l'liiiiliii;i>  f)  iiifioi/ii  Tiirr.  Ann.  I.yc.  N.  Y.  2;  237.      1827. 

I'lTeimiiil,    succulent;    rootstock     loiij;,    usually 

(liMisfly  covered  with  loiifj;  brown  hairs  iiinoii^  the 

l)ascsof  the  leaves.     Leaves  ohlonj;,  ohloiijj-lanceo- 

late,   or   olOanceolate,    entire,   or   repauil-dcntate, 

acute  at  the  apex,  narrowed  into  petioles,  .s-grih- 

l)cd,  i'-l2'  'oiiK,  yi'-iyi'  wide,  jjlabrous  or  very 

nearly  so;    scapes  stout,  more  or  less   pubescent, 

longer  than  the  leaves,  6'-iS'  high;    spikes  I '-5' 

lon^;,   dense   above,    the   lower   flowers  scattered; 

flowers  i)erfect;  sepals  distinct,  oblonjj-obovate  with 

a  narrow  ^recn  midrib  and  broad  scarious  margins; 

corolla  glabrous,  its  lobes  spreading  or  reflexed; 

pyxis  ovoid-oblonj;,  very  obtuse,  one-third  longer 

than  the  cnlyx,  2-.|-seeded,  circumscissilc  below  the 

middle;  seeds  nearly  flat. 

In  ni.iritinu'  or  saliiir  soil.  Nova  Scotia  to  >[iniiesota, 
Calil'oiiii:i  ami  the  Novtluvtst  Ti  iritory.     June  Sept. 


6.    Plantago  sparsiflora  Michx.      South- 
ern Plantain.     (Fig.  3383.) 

Plantago  sparsijhtia    Michx.   V\.   Hor.    .\ni.    i:   91. 

1803. 

I'erennial,  pubescent,  or  glabrate;  scapes  very 
slender,  sometimes  2°  tall,  much  longer  than  the 
leaves.  Leaves  thin,  oblong-lanceolate,  3'-io' 
long,  y'l'-l'  wide,  5-7-ribbed,  acute  or  acuminate 
at  the  apex,  entire,  narrowed  into  slightly  mar- 
gined petioles;  spikes  loosely  flowered,  .sometimes 
1°  long;  flowers  perfect;  sepals  oblong  or  oval, 
rather  rigid,  with  a  broad  green  midrib  and  nar- 
row scarious  margins;  corolla  glabrous,  its  lobes 
not  erect  over  the  fruit;  pyxis  oblong,  2,'2'"  long, 
twice  as  long  as  the  Ciilyx,  2-seeded;  seeds  convex 
on  the  b.ick,  slightly  concave  on  the  face. 

In  sandy  dry  soil,  North  C.irolina  to  Tlorida  and 
in  soullurn  Illinois, 


7.    Plantago  cordata  Lam.     Heart-leaved 
Plantain.     Water  Plantain.     (Fig.  3384.) 

I'laiilago  cordala  Lain.  Tal)l.  Encyct.  1:  338.  1791. 
Perennial,  glabrous,  purple-green;  rootstock 
short,  very  stout.  Leaves  broadly  ovate  or  nearly 
orbicular,  pinnately  veined,  obtuse  or  acute  at 
the  apex,  entire  or  dentate,  rounded,  abruptly 
narrowed,  or  cordate  at  the  base,  often  10'  long; 
petioles  stout,  margined  above;  scapes  stout,  lon- 
ger than  the  leaves;  spikes  loosely  flowered, 
sometimes  1°  long,  with  interrupted  clusters; 
flowers  perfect;  sepals  ovate  to  obovate,  obtuse, 
green;  corolla-lobes  .spreading;  pyxis  ovoid- 
globose,  obtuse,  circumscissile  at  or  slightly 
below  the  middle,  1-4-seeded;  seeds  not  exca- 
vated on  the  face. 

In  swamps  and  along  streams.  New  York  to  Ala- 
bama, west  to  Missouri  and  Louisiana.     March-July. 


i"9«- 
|)otstock 

■  nearly 
Icutc  at 
Ibruptly 

y  long; 
lut,  lon- 

t)wered, 

llusters; 

lobtuse, 
ovoid- 

klightly 

it  exca- 


to  Ala- 
lli-July. 


Vol..  III.] 


PLANTAIN    FAMILY. 


209 


8.   Plantago  maritima  L.     Sea  or  Sea.side  Plantain.     (.I'lR.  3385.) 


/'/iiii/iixi'  mupilhiir  I,.  .Sji.  I'l.  ii(.  175,1. 
/•/,in/a.i!ii(/i(ifiinii  llariitutul,  .Moii.  IM.iiitaK.  i'l  iH.tS. 
.\iiiui;il,  liifiinial,  nr  perennial,  (U'sliy;  mol- 
stdik  stout  or  slender,  sometimes  with  tufts  of 
\vliitisli  liairs  unumg  the  ba.scs  of  the  leaves. 
Leaves  linear,  glabrous,  very  obsi'urely  nerved, 
sessile,  or  narrowed  into  short  margined  petioles, 
2'-lo'  long,  entire,  or  with  a  very  few  snudl  teeth, 
i"-2  I ,"  wide;  seapes  slender,  more  or  less  ptibes- 
eent,  longer  than  or  ecpialling  the  leaves;  spikes 
dense,  linear-cylindrie,  blunt,  l'  5'  long;  (lowers 
perlect;  sepals  ovate-lanceolate  to  nearly  orbicular, 
green,  somewliat  keeled;  corolla  pubescent  with- 
out, its  lobes  spreading;  pyxis  ovoid-oblong,  ob- 
tuse, 2-4-.seeded,  circumscissile  at  about  the  mid- 
dle, nearly  I ivice  as  long  us  the  calyx;  seeds  nearly 
fiat  on  the  face. 

Ill  salt  inarslii's  and  on  seashores,  Labrador  to  New 
Jersey,  ami  on  tlie  I'acific  Coast  from  Alaska  to  Califor- 
nia. .\lso  on  tlie  coasts  of  ICiiiopo  anil  .Asia.  Called 
also  liucksliiiiii,  (iibbals,  Sea  Ki-nips.     June  .Sept. 


9.    Plantago  Purshii  R.  iS:  S. 


Pnrsh's  Plantain,     (l-'is.  .1.186.) 

I'liiiilimo  /'iirs/iii  K.  iV  .S.  Syst.  3:  u-o.       1818. 
/'/tiii/iii.'-ii  i;ii<i/>/m/ti<i(/rs  Niitt.  (".en.  i:  ifx).      iSiS. 
J'hiH/iiiio  /'a/ai,'iiiii((i  var.  j^im/'/ui/ioii/rs  .\.  Ciiay, 

Man.  ICil.  2,  iCf).       1>^S^'. 

.\nnual,  woolly  or  silky  all  over,  pale  green; 
.scapes  slender,  2'-i$'  tall,  longer  than  the 
leaves.  Leaves  ascending,  line.ir,  acute  or 
acuminate  at  the  ape.x,  narrowe<l  into  margined 
petioles,  1-3-nerved,  !,'■"  -t"  wide,  entire,  or 
very  rarely  with  a  few  small  teeth;  spikes  very 
dense,  cylindric,  t)btuse,  I'-.s'  long,  about  3" 
in  diameter,  exceedingly  woolly;  bracts  rigid, 
eiiualling  or  slightly  exceeding  the  llowers; 
(lii'vers  perfect  but  heterogoiious,  many  of  them 
cleistogamous;  sepals  oblong,  obtuse,  scarious- 
margiiied;  corolla-lobes  broadly  ovate,  spread- 
ing; stamens  4;  pyxis  oblong,  obtuse,  1  '/"  long, 
little  exceeding  the  calyx,  2-seeded,  circumscis- 
sile at  about  the  middle;  see<ls  convex  on  the 
back,  deeply  concave  on  the  face. 

On  dry  plains  and  pniiries,  Illinois  and  western 
Ontario  to  llritisli  Cohiinbia,  south  to  Texas  and 
nortlieni  Slexieo.     JIay-.\uK. 


10.    Plantago  aristata  Michx.     I.,arge- 
bracted  Plantain.     (Pig.  3387.) 

rianhif^o  ai  ishila  Jliclix.  1>"1.  Hoi.  .\ni.  1:95.      1803. 
J'/aii/iii;o  l'al(ii;ii)iica  var.  arislala  A.  Ciray,  Man.  Kd. 
2.  2fK),       1,856. 

.\nnual,  dark  green,  villous,  or  glabrate;  scapes 
-stout,  erect,  6'-iS'  tall,  exceeding  the  leaves. 
Leaves  linear,  acuminate  at  the  apex,  entire,  nar- 
rowed into  .slender  petioles,  sometimes  prominently 
3-ribbed,  i 'i'''-4"  wide;  spikes  very  dense,  cyliii- 
«lric,  I '-6'  long,  pubescent  but  not  woolly;  br.acts 
puberulent,  linear,  elongated,  a.scending,  the  lower 
often  10  times  as  long  as  the  flowers;  flowers  very 
similar  to  those  of  the  preceding  species;  pyxis  2- 
seeded;  the  seeds  concave  on  the  face. 

On  dry  plains  <ind  prairies,  Illinois  to  Louisiana  .and 
Tcx.is,  west  to  British  Columbiaaiid  New  Mexico.  .•Vlso 
widely  adveiitive  as  a  weed  in  the  eastern  States  from 
Maine  to  GeorRia,  its  eastern  natural  limits  now  difli- 
cult  to  determine.     May-Oct. 

14 


2tO 


ri.ANTAC.INACHAK. 


[Vor,.  III. 


IX.  Plantago  Virginica  L. 


Dwarf  or  White  Dwarf  I'lantaiii.     (Fig.  3388.) 
I'lanhii,'!'  rii,i,'iiii((i  I,.  Sji.  ri.  ii.v      17s.). 

Annual  <ir  l)ietininl,  pubescent  or  villous;  scapes 
erect,  slender,  I'-iS'  lii^jli,  niui'li  lotij^er  than  tile 
leaves.  I.eavesspatulateorohovate.olitusedracu- 
tisli,  tliin,  entire,  (ir  repand-dentiiuUte,  tiarri)\ved 
into  margined  petioles,  or  almost  sessile,  vnryiiiK 
greatly  in  size,  ^  5-nerved,ascendinf;  or  spreading; 
spikes  very  dense,  or  the  lower  (lowers  scaUere<l, 
linear-iylindric, obtuse,  3"-4" thick, usually  i'-.\' 
lonK,  but  in  dwiirf  forms  redm  ed  to  a-fi  flowers; 
flowers  imperfectly  dioecious,  corolla-lobes  of  the 
fertile  plants  ercitan<l  cciiniventon  thetopof  the 
pyxis,  those  of  the  sterile  widely  spreading;  sta- 
mens 4;  pyxis  ohlonff,  about  as  lon^  as  the  calyx, 
appearinn  beaked  by  the  coiniivent  corolla-lobes, 
2-4-seedcd. 

In  dry  sdil,  Connecticut  to  I'lorida.  west  to  Illinois, 
Missouri,  Ari-^onaniul  iKirlliirn  Mexico.  Marcli-July. 

Plants  go  oceidentalis  Die.  '/'.  riixiiiica  var.  /(Diffi 
fiilia  .\.  dray  I,  of  the  .Soutliwcsl,  with  larnir  leaves, 
longer  spikes  and  larger  flowers  may  be  sptcilically  distinct.     It  is  lepiprti-d  from  Missouri. 

12.    Plantago  elongata  Ptirsh.     Slender 

Plantain.     (Fig.  3389.) 

J'laiilcii^ii  eli'n,i;(ila  I'lnsli,  V\.  .\in.  Sept.  720.      1814. 
J'laiihii;(i  pusillti  Nutt.  Grn.  i:  100.      1818.  ' 

Annual,  puberuleiit;  scapes  filiform,  2'--'  biKh, 
lon^'er  than  the  linear-filiform,  mostly  entire,  blunt- 
pointed  obscurely  l-nerved  leaves.  Leaves  about 
'/i"  wide;  spikes  slemler,  linear,  rather  loosely 
flowered,  H'-y  long,  j^'j"-2'''  thick;  flowers  im- 
perfectly dioecious,  or  polygamous;  sepals  oblong, 
obtuse,  about  as  long  as  the  bract,  scarious-mar- 
gined;  corolla-lobes  of  the  more  fertile  plants  be- 
coming erect  over  the  pyxis;  stamens  2;  pyxis 
ovoid-oblong,  obtuse,  one-fourth  to  one-third  longer 
than  the  calyx,  about  4-seeded,  circum.scissile  at 
about  the  middle;  seeds  nearly  flat  on  both  sides. 

In  dry  sandy  soil,  soutliern  New  York  to  Vir({iiiia 
and  Louisiana,  wist  to  Illinois,  Oregon,  Utah  and 
Te.\as.     April-Ausj. 


13.  Plantago  heterophylla  Nutt.     Many- 
.seeded  Plantain.     (Fig.  3390.) 

rianlaiioheleiophyUa  Nutt.  Trans.  Am.  Phil.  Soc.  (II.) 

5:  '77-      i«,l?-.S7- 

Annual,  similar   to  the   preceding   species,    but 

glabrous  or  .slightly  puberulent;  scapes  ascending  or 

spreading,  equalling  or  exceeding  the  leaves,  2'-io' 

long.     Leaves  narrowly  linear  or  filiform,  the  larger 

about  2"  wide,  entire  or  often  with  several  distant 

small  teeth  or  linear  lobes;  spikes  loose,  linear, 

Yi'-^  long;  sepals  oblong,   obtuse,  scarious-mar- 

gined,  mostly  shorter  than  the  bract;  corolla-lobes 

in  the  more  fertile  plants  becoming  erect  over  the 

pyxis;  stamens  2;  pyxis  oblong,  subacute,  about 

twice  as  long  as  the  calyx,  7-30-seeded,  circumscis- 

sile   rather   below  the    middle;    seeds    somewhat 

angled,  scarcely  concave  on  the  face. 

In  moist  soil,  New  Jersey  to  KIorida.'westlto'Ala- 
bama,  Texas  and  southern  California.    April-July. 


Vot,  III.l 


ri.ANTAIN   FAMILY. 


211 


l)C.(II.) 

but 
Iding  ur 

I.  2'-!"' 

!  larger 

Idistant 

linear, 

lis-mar- 

la-lobes 

|ver  the 

about 

Iimscis- 

liewliat 


Ito'Ala- 
lily. 


14.    Plantago  aren^ria  W.  6c  K. 

riaiuain.     ( l'i>;.  ,^391.) 


Satul 


J'/dil/iii; 
l«02. 


lairmiiid  \V.  iV  K.  I'l.  Kar.  Ilutig.  i;,si.  /•/..I/. 


Aniuml,  pubescent,  soniewlint  viscid;  stem  siiiiple, 
or  i-otnnionly  becoming  niucli  bnmclicd,  leafy,  j^'-ts' 
liigli.  Leaves  opposite,  or  wliorleil,  narrowly  linear, 
entire,  sessile,  i'-,^'  long,  about  i"  wide;  peduncles 
axillary,  often  umbellate  at  the  ends  of  the  stem  ai:d 
branches,  slender,  as  long  as  the 'leaves  or  longer; 
heads  of  flowers  conic,  oval,  or  subglobose,  5" -in" 
long,  about  5"  thick;  lower  bracts  acute  or  acumi- 
nate; calyx-lobes  une([ual:  corolla-lobes  ovate  to  lan- 
ceolate, acute;  capsule  2-seeded. 

Dayton,  Oliio.  Advcntive  or  fUKitive  fiiiin  central 
liumpc.     Suinnur. 


2.    LITTORELLA  L.  Mant.  2:  295.       1771. 

A  low  perennial  succulent  herb,  with  linear  entire  basal  leaves  and  monoecious  flowers, 
the  staminate  solitary  or  two  together  at  tlie  summits  of  slender  scapes,  the  pistillate  sessile 
among  the  leaves.  Sepals  4.  Corolla  of  the  staminate  flowers  w  itli  a  somewhat  urceolate 
tube,  and  a  spreading  4-lobed  limb.  Corolla  of  the  pistillate  flowers  urn-shaped,  3-4-loothed. 
Staminate  flowers  witli  4  long-exserted  stamens,  their  fdaments  fdiform,  the  anthers  ovate. 
Pistillate  flowers  with  a  single  ovary  and  a  long-exserted  filiform  style.  I'ruit  an  indehiscent 
i-seeded  nutlet.     [Latin,  shore.] 

A  monotypic  genus  of  Europe  and  nortliern  North  .Vtnerica. 

I.   Littorella  unifldra  (L.)  Rtisby.    Plan- 
tain Shore-weed.     Shore-gra.ss. 
(Fig-  3392.) 

Planlai^o  unijioia  L.  Sp.  PI.  115.      175,1. 

I.illoicUa  laciislris  I,.  Mant.  2:  295.      1771. 

Lilloiclla  uniflora  Kusby,  Mem. Torr. Club,  5:3111.  1S94. 

Tufted,  usually  growing  in  mats;  leaves  bright 
green,  i'-3'  long,  \i"-\"  wide,  spreading  or  a.s- 
cending,  mostly  longer  than  the  scapes  of  the  stam- 
inate flowers,  which  bear  a  small  bract  at  about  the 
middle;  sepals  lanceolate,  mostly  obtuse,  with  a 
dark  green  midrib  and  lighter  margins,  sometimes 
only  3  in  the  fertile  flowers;  stamens  con.spicuous, 
\"-fi"  long;  corolla-lobes  ovate,  subacute;  pistil- 
late flowers  very  small;  nutlet  about  \"  long. 

Borders  of  lakes  and  ponds,  Maiiiu  and  Vermont  to 
Nova  Scotia  and  Ontario.    July-.\ug. 

Family  34.  RUBIACEAE  15.  Jii.s.s.  Hoit.  Trian.  1759. 
M.vuDi'.it  Family. 
Herb.s,  shrub.s,  or  trees,  with  simple,  opposite  or  sometimes  verticillate, 
mo.stly  .stipulate  leaves,  and  perfect,  often  dimorphous  or  trimorphous,  regular 
and  nearly  symmetrical  flowers.  Calyx-ttibe  adnate  to  the  ovary,  its  limb  var- 
ious. Corolla  gamopetalous,  funnelform,  club-shaped,  campanulate,  or  rotate, 
4-5-lobed,  often  pubescent  within.  Stamens  as  many  as  the  lobes  of  the  corolla 
and  alternate  with  them,  inserted  on  its  tube  or  throat;  anthers  mostly  linear- 
oblong.  Ovary  i-io-celled;  style  short  or  elongated,  simple  or  lobed;  ovules 
i-oo  in  each  cavity.  Fruit  a  capsule,  berry,  or  drupe.  Seeds  various;  seed- 
coat  membranous  or  crustaceous;  endosperm  fleshy  or  horny  (wanting  in  some 
exotic  genera);  cotyledons  ovate,  cordate,  or  foliaceous. 


212 


RnilACl'.Vl' 


[Vol..  III. 


A1k)uI  ,^.s,S  Koiura  ami  .ssim  siKoies  (if   vfry  wide  Rrograpliic  (lisliilmliiin 
tropical  ivp;ions.     Kiiinvii  as  MadikrHiirts. 

■A-    Leaves  opposite,  stipulate  (sometimes  verticillate  in  No.  31 
OviiUs  luiincioiis  ill  facli  cavity  of  tlif  ovary;  luibs. 

Top  of  tlio  c.ipsiiU'  frt'c  I'voiii  llif  ovary;  seiils  (v\v,  pi'ltatc. 
Capsule  wholly  acliiato  to  the  ovary;  .seeds  tiiinute,  aii(;iilar. 
Ovules  1  in  each  cavity  of  the  ovary. 

Shrubs;  llowers  in  dense  nlohuiar  lieads. 

I.ow  everttrecn  herbs;  llowers  2  tOKethi'r.  their  ovaries  united. 
llerb>;  llowers  axillary,  nearly  sessile,  distinct. 
Cajisnle  separaliuM:  into  2  ilehiscent  carpels. 
Capsule  scparatint;  into  2  (oi  ,0  iudeliisccut  carpels. 

-A-    -K-    Leaves  appearing  verticillate;  herbs  1  some  of  the  leaves  rarely  oppo 
Corolla  rotate:  caly.x  teeth  niiuule  or  none. 
Corolla  fnnuclforin. 

I'Mowers  in  involucrate  heads. 
I'lowers  in  panicles. 


uiost  abundant  in 


(). 

site  i 


f/c'iis/ciiiit. 
Oldcnliiiitiiit. 

C'r/i/ia/tiii//tii.s. 
Mihlii-lla. 

Sfii'i  niiUfhi: 
Pioilia. 
n  No.  71. 
Galiiiiii. 

Sliemrdia. 
Asftenila. 


I.    HOUSTONIA  L.  vSp.  PI.  105.       175;,. 

]>ect  or  ililTuse,  usually  tufted  lierljs,  with  opposite  entire  often  ciliatc  leaves,  and  small 
hhie  purple  or  white,  mostly  dimorphous  (lowers.  Calyx-tube  j;lobo.se  or  ovoid,  4-lobed,  the 
lobes  distant.  Corolla  fuiinelfonn  or  salverforin,  .(-lobed,  the  lobes  valvale,  the  throat  gla- 
brous or  pubescent.  Stamens  .(,  inscrtcl  on  the  tube  or  throat  of  the  corolla;  anthers  linear 
or  oblonj:;.  Ovary  2-celleil.  Style  slender;  ovules  luimerous  in  each  cavity;  stigmas  2,  linear. 
Capsule  partly  inferior,  its  summit  free  from  the  calyx,  globose-diilymous,  or  emarginate 
at  the  apex,  loculicidally  dehiscent  above.  Seeds  few  or  several  in  each  cavity,  ])eltate, 
more  or  less  concave,  not  angled.  Seed-coat  reticulate  or  roughened;  endosperm  horny; 
embryo  club-shaped.  [Named  in  honor  of  l>r.  William  Houston,  l)otanist  and  ct)llector  in 
South  .\merica,  died  1733.] 

.Vboul  25  species,  natives  of  North  .Xuien'ca  and  Mexico. 

-;<-    Plants  i'-?'  hi^h:  peduncles  i-flowered. 
I    rcdimcles  liliforin,  i'   2'.'  long, 
Hrect;  leaves  obovate  or  spatulate,  narrowed  into  petioles. 
DilTuse  or  spreadinn;  leaves  nearly  orbicular. 

I    I   I'cduuclcs  ,^" -iS"  loUK,  stouter. 
Calyx-lobes  navow,  about  equalliuR  the  capsule. 
Calyx-lobes  broad,  much  exceeiliiiK  the  capside, 

-A-    ■;;■    HIants  4'-i8'  hi^h  ;  flowers  cyniose. 
Leaves  bro^.d,  ovati-.  or  ovate  'auceolate. 
Leaves  obloui;  or  spatulate,  ciliatc. 
Leaves  linear  lanceolate  or  oblanceolate,  not  ciliatc. 
Leaves  liliforin  or  narrowly  linear. 

I'lowers  loosely  lymose  on  liliforin  pedicels  ;  leaves  not  fascicled.  S. 

Flowers  densely  cymose  on  very  short  pedicels;  leaves  usually  f.iscicled.       <i 


l{.  lOfllllfil. 

If.  s,-rpy!li/olia. 

II.  »ii>ii'>\ 
II.  Diniiniit. 


.S.  II.  piii pHiia. 
fi.   //.  liliolalii. 
~.  II.  loiigi/oltn. 


II.  /rinii folia. 
II.  iiiii^n.s/i/ti/ia. 


Houst^nia  coeriilea  I.,. 


liiiioceiice.     {I'^K-  3,i9,v  ^ 
IIoii.\/,t>iia  iOf)  iiica  I,.  Sp.  I'l.  105.      1755. 
Ili'iiyohs  (lu-i  iilea  Hook.  IM.  lior.  .\ni.  i:  286. 

OUiriiliiiidid  coci  iiica  .\.  C.rav,  Man.  IaI.  2, 

174-      i«5f'- 

Ivrect,  3'-7'high,  glabrous,  or  nearly  .so, 
]iereniiial  by  slender  rootslocks  and  form- 
ing den.se  tufts.  Lower  and  basal  leaves 
spatid.ile  or  oblanceolate,  about  6"  long; 
sometimes  hirsute  or  ciliatc,  narrowed 
into  a  petiole,  the  upper  oblong,  .sessile; 
flowers  solitary  on  riliform  terminal  and 
axillary  peduncles;  corolla  saUerfonn, 
violet,  blue,  or  white  with  a  yellow  center, 
4"-6"  broad,  its  tube  sletuler  and  about 
the  length  of  the  lobes;  capsule  didy- 
iiioiis,  compressed,  alxuit  2"  broad  and 
broader  than  l"ng,  the  upper  half  free 
from  the  calyx  and  shorter  than  its  lobes. 

In  open  Kfassy  places,  or  on  wet  rocks, 
Nova  .Scotia  to  (Juebec,  New  York  and 
Michigan,  south  io  CieorRia  and  Alabama. 
April-July,  or  produciiiR  a  few  llowers 
through  the  suminer.  Calle<l  also  Uuaker 
Ladies,  (Juaker  bonnets,  Venus'  I'ride. 


MADDHR   FAMILY. 


learly  so, 

|i(I  foriii- 

k-avcs 

,"  long; 

arrowed 

sessile; 

[lull  ami 

•erforni, 

oenter, 

1(1  about 

|o   (liily- 

ail  ami 

alf  free 

ts  lobes, 

Jt  nicks, 
|)rk  ami 
llabiima. 
llowirs 
J  Oiiaktr 
lie. 


Vol..  11 1. 1 

2.  Houstonia  serpyllifolia  Michx. 

Thyiiic-leavcd  Bluets. 

(I'i^'.  :vV;4-) 

Ifi'iisloiiia  ser/t]'l/ifi>/iti  JiUcUk.  I"1.  llor.  Am. 

1.  S_s.       iSdV  ' 
ir>\1vt>lis  u-rpvUi/'olia  T.  vV  C"..  l'"l.  X.  A.  2: 

,V>      iS.H. 

IVTeimial;  stems  prostrate  or  dilTuse, 
slender,  jjlabrous,  .('-lo'  long.  Leaves  or- 
bicular or  broadly  oval,  abru]>tly  petioled, 
T,"-.\"  long,  .sometimes  bispidulous;  or 
tliose  of  tbe  flowering  stems  narrower, 
<listant;  llowers  on  terminal  and  axillary 
liliform  peduncles;  corolla  usually  deep 
blue,  .\"-(>''  broad,  its  tube  rather  shorter 
than  the  lobes;  capsule  similar  to  that  of 
the  preceding  species  but  usually  slightly 
larger,  nearly  as  long  as  the  calyx. 

\1'\k\\  lunuiUains  of  Virprinia  and  West 
X'irniiiia  to  Sou'lIi  Carolina  and  east  Teinies- 
ste.     May. 


Houstonia  minor  (Michx.)  Hritlon. 


21.^ 


C^l^tv-<#tlKi 


vSmall  Hhic-ts 


(l-ii;-.  3.195-) 

luiiiiir  Jliclix.  I'M. 
S.  C.  iS:  Oa.  i: 

Ton-.  Chib, 


Houstonia  minima  Heck. 
(^*iR-  3396.) 


I,ea.st  Hlufts 


Ifoiisliiiiia   I.iiiiKifi  vui. 

lior.  Am.  I:  ,vs.  l!^o,^. 
Jloiisloiiiii  paUiis  I'M.    hot. 

lliuisfoiiia  minor  liritton,  Mem. 

5:  302.      iS<i|. 

.\niiual,  glabrous  or  nearly  so,  branched 
from  the  base,  I'-G'  high.  Lower  and 
basal  leaves  oval  or  ovate,  5"-6"  long, 
narrowed  into  petioles  often  of  their  own 
length,  the  upiier  narrower  and  sessile; 
peduncles  axillary  and  terininal,  diver- 
gent, 3"  iS"  long,  i-flowered;  corolla 
violet-blue  or  purple,  3"-4"  broad,  its 
tube  about  etpialling  the  lobes;  capsule 
compressed,  tlidyinous,  2,'i"-3"  broad, 
its  upper  part  free  from  the  calyx  and 
about  eciualling  or  exceeding  the  subulate 
lobes. 

In  dry  soil.  Virginia  to  l"lori<la,  Arkansas 
and  Texas.     March  April. 


Ifoiisloniii  iiiiiihnn  licck,  Am.  Journ.  Sci.  10:  262.  1826. 
//n/yn/is  III  hi  I  in  (I  T.  iV  (,.  in.  N.  .\.  2:  ,\>>,.  In  jiart.  18(1. 
Olitinlaiulia  miniiiid  .\.  Ciray,  Man.  ICd.  2,  173.     iS,s('). 

.Xnuual,  -spreading  or  diffuse,  I'-iyi'  high,  ronghi.sh. 
Lower  and  basal  leaves  oval  or  ovate,  with  petioles  shorter 
than  or  e<iualling  the  blade,  the  upper  oblong,  sessile;  pe- 
duncles axillary  ami  teriniiml,  rather  stout,  y-12"  long; 
flowers  4"-,s"  broad;  corolla  vii)let  or  purple,  the  ttibe 
longer  than  the  lobes;  capsule  didynious,  ct)iiipressed,  about 
.V  broad,  its  upper  j)art  free  from  the  calyx  and  considerably 
exceeded  by  the  lanceolate  foliaceous  lobes. 

In  dry  soil,  Missouri  land  Illinois?)  to  Arkansas  an<l  Texas. 
March  .Xiiril. 


214 


RIHIACHAE. 


[Vol,.  III. 


5.   Houstonia  purpurea  L. 


|>'M 


6.   Houstonia  ciliolata  Torr.     Fringed 
Houstonia.     (Fig.  3398.) 

//oiis/oiiia  ciliolala  Torr.  IM.  X.  I,'.  S.  i:  17,?.      1S24. 
/foiis/Dniii  f'lnpKiea  v.ir.  ciliolala  A.  (Iray,  JIaii.  ICil. 

,S,  212.      1S67. 

I'ereiniial,  tuftefl,  erect  or  aseemliiiff,  4'-?'  liigh. 
Lowefaiul  basal  leaves  petioled,  thick,  i-nerved,  obo- 
vate'or  oblaiiceolate,  obtuse,  6"-io"  long,  their  mar- 
gins conspicuously  ciliate;  stem  leaves  oblong  or  ob- 
lanceolate,  sessile  or  nearly  so;  flowers  in  corynibed 
cymes;  pedicels  filiform,  i  "-4"  long;  corolla  funnel- 
form,  lilac  or  pale  purple,  about  3"  long,  the  lobes 
about  one-third  the  length  of  the  tube;  capsule  little 
compressed,  obscurely  didynious,  \%"  wide,  over- 
topped l)y  the  linear-lanceolate  calyx  lobes. 

On  nicks  and  sIidvi-s,  M;iine  (?),  Ontario  to  Michigan 
south  to  IVnnsylvaiiia.  West  Virginia,  Kentucky  aim 
Arkansas. 


Large  Houstonia,     (Fig.  3.^97.) 

//onsliuiia  /lurpiiira  I,.  Sp.  IM.  los.       I7.5V 
Jlfdyolis  pill (itiiia  T.  iV  O.  Fl.  N.  A.  2:  .|o.      i8(I. 
Oldeiilandia  purpurea  .\.  (iray,  Man.  ICd.  3,  17,?.      1856. 
I'ereiniial,  stout,  erect,  tufted,  branched  or  simple, 
glabrous  or  .sotnewhat  pube.scent,  4'-iH'  high.     l,eaves 
ovate  or  ovate-lanceolate,  sessile,  or  the   lower  ones 
short-petioled,  3-5-nerved  and  pinnately  veiiie'',  ob- 
tuse or  acute,   '/i'-2'  long,  .^"-15"  wide,  the  margins 
often  ciliate;  floweis  in  terminal  cymose  clusters;  pedi- 
cels i'''-4"long;  corolla  purple  or  lilac,  funiielform, 
3"-4"  long,  the  tube  at  lea.st  twice  as  longas  the  lobes; 
capsule  compressed-globose,    ili"   broad,    somewhat 
didymous,  its  upper  half  free  and  con.siderably  shorter 
than  the  subulate-linear  c'lyx-lobes. 

In  open   places,  Maryland   to   Kentucky,  Oeorgia  and 
Alabama,  (.'specially  in  the  I'lOuntaiiis.     JIay-Sept. 
Houstonia  purpiirea  pube=c<;ns  liritlon   Jleni.  Torr.  Club,  4: 
125.      1.891. 

Whole  plant  densely  pubescent.     Virginia. 
Houstonia  purpiitea  calycosa  A.  Oray,  Syn.  I'lor.  i:  Part  2, 
26.      1,878. 

Leaves  lanceolate  or  narrower,  firm;  caly.\-lobes  subu- 
late, 2"-4"  long.  Nortli  Carolina  to  Georgia,  Alabama 
and  Missouri.     Perhaps  sjiecifically  distinct. 


7.   Houstonia  longifolia  Gaertn,      Long- 
leaved  Houstonia.     (Fig.  3399.) 

I/,iusl()iiia  loiiiiifolia  Gaertn.  I'ruct.  i:  226.  pi.  49./.  S. 

17SS. 
IliiusUniia  purpurea  var.  longifolia  X.  G.ray,  Man.  lid. 

5,  212.      1868. 

I'erennial,  usually  tufted,  erect,  glabrous,  s'-io' 
high,  liasal  leaves  .spatulate  or  oblanceolate,  ob- 
tuse, not  ciliate,  very  short-petioled;  stem  leaves 
linear  or  linear-oblong,  acute  or  obtuse,  i-nerved, 
6"-- 1 2"  long,  I "-2 ,'2"  wide;  flowers  in  corymbed 
cymes;  corolla  pale  purple  or  nearly  white,  2;^"- 
y,"  long,  its  lobes  about  one-third  the  length  of  the 
tube;  capsule  little  compressed,  globose-ovoid, 
about  i"  in  diameter,  its  upper  half  free  and  much 
exceeded  by  the  subulate  calyx-lobes. 

In  dry  open  j>liicis,  Maine  and  Ontario  to  Manitoba, 
south  to  Georgia  and  Missouri.     May-Sept. 


Vol,.  III.] 


MADDER    I'AMILV. 


215 


8.    Houstonia  tenuifolia  Nutt.     Slender- 
leaved  Houstonia.     (Fig.  3400.) 

Jfoitsloiiia  leniiifolia  NiiU.  CiCti.  i:  95.      1818. 
Jfotts/oiiia  fiHipui ca  var.  leniii/olia  A.  Gray,  Syii.  I'Mor. 

i:  Part  2,  26.      1878. 

Perennial,  soniewliat  tufted,  very  slemler  and 
widely  branching,  erect,  glabrous,  6'-l°  liiKli,  souie- 
tinie.s  finely  pubescent  below.  Basal  and  lowest  stem 
leaves  ovate  or  oval,  obtuse,  petioled,  4"-6"  long; 
upper  leaves  narrowly  linear  or  filiform,  blunt- 
pointed,  6"-i5"  long,  y2"~l]i"  wide;  flowers  in 
loose  corymbose  cymes;  pedicels  filiform,  2"-6"  long; 
corolla  purple,  narrow,  2"-y  long,  its  lobes  short; 
capsule  compressed -glolwse,  didymous,  about  i"  in 
diameter,  its  upper  half  free  and  only  sliglitly  ex- 
ceeded by  tlie  subulate  calyx-lobes. 

In  dry  soil,  Virginia  to  Ohio,  North  Carolina  and  Ten 
nessoc.     5Iay~July. 


9.   Houstonia  angustifolia  Miclix.      Nar- 
row-leaved Houstonia.      (.Fig.  3401.) 

iriuisloiiiii  aii,c;iiili folia  Miclix.  l-'l.  ]?or.  Am.  1:85.     1803. 
Ohlnilaiidia  a  11 1;  11. si //o/ in   .\.  Gray,  I'l.  \Vrij;lit.  2:  6.S. 
185,3. 

I'erennial  by  a  deep  root,  erect,  stiff,  glabrous, 
usually  branched,  l°-2°  high.  Leaves  linear,  6"- 
iS"  long,  i"-2"  wide,  or  the  lowest  narrowly  spatu- 
late,  usually  with  lunnerous  smaller  ones  fascicled  in 
the  axils,  or  on  short  axillary  branches;  flowers  in 
terminal  dense  cyniose  clusters;  pedicels  .short;  cor- 
olla white  or  purplish,  l)etween  funneu'orm  and  sal- 
verform,  about  2"  long,  its  lobes  shorter  than  the 
tul)e;  capsule  conipre.ssed-obovoid,  i  'j"  wide, its  sum- 
mit free  and  scarcely  exceeded  by  the  calyx-lobes. 

In  dry  open  places,  Illinois  to  K.insas  and  Texas,  cast 
Tennessee  and  Florida.     May-July. 

2.  OLDENLANDIA  L.  Sp.  PI.  119.  1753. 
I'^rect  or  diffuse  slender  herbs,  witii  opposite  leaves,  and  small  axillary  or  termiTial,  soli- 
tary or  clustered,  white  or  pink  flowers.  Calyx-tube  obovoid  or  subglobose,  the  limb  .1- 
toothed.  Corolla  rotate  or  salverform,  .(-lobecl.  Stamens  4,  inserted  on  the  throat  of  the 
corolla;  anthers  oblong.  Ovary  2-celled;  ovules  [numerous  in  each  cavity;  .style  slender, 
2-li)bed.  Capsule  small,  ovoid,  top-shaped,  or  liemisplieric,  wholly  adnate  to  the  calyx-tube, 
loculicidally  dehiscent  at  the  summit,  several  or  nuiny-seeded.  Seeds  angular,  not  peltate; 
endosperm  fleshy;  embryo  club-sliaped.     [N'amed[for;lI.  15.  Oldenland,  a  Danish  botanist.] 

.\l)oul  1 75  species,  nmstly  of  tropical  distribution,  most  abundant  in  .Vsia.   Uesides  the  following, 
2  others  occur  in  the  southern  States  and  i  in  Now  Mexico.  (^     -^ 

I.  Oldenlandia  uniflora  L.    Clustered  Bluets. 
(Fig.  3402.) 

Oldeiihiiiiliti  tniifhua  I,.  Sp.  1*1.  iiq.  175.^. 
Oliicniandid glanirpala  Miclix.  I'l.  Hor.  Am.  i:  S3.  iSo.v 
Weak,  usually  tufted,  more  or  less  hirsute-pubescent, 
dilTusc  or  ascending;  stems  I'-is'  long.  Leaves  short- 
petioled  or  sessile,  mostly  thin,  entire,  ,^-5-nerved, 
ovate,  olilong,  or  oval,  acute  at  the  apex,  narrowed  at 
the  base,  'i'-l'  long;  flowers  sessile  or  nearly  so,  white, 
about  l"  broad,  terminal  and  axillary,  clustered  or  sol- 
itary; calyx-hirsute,  hemispheric  in  fruit,  the  ovate  or 
oval  lobes  erect  and  nearly  eipialling  the  tube. 

In  lowKrniiiKls.  southern  New  York  to  I'lorida  and  Texas. 
Also  ill  Cuba.     Root  annual.     Juiu'  .Sept. 


2l6 


RiniACEAR. 


[Vou  III. 


i 


ri. 


3.    CEPHALANTHUS  L.  Sp.  PI.  95.      175;,. 

Shrubs,  or  some  tropical  species  small  trees,  with  opposite  or  verticillatc  short-petioieil 
entire  leaves,  and  terminal  or  axillary,  densely  capitate,  bracteolate  small  wliite  or  yellow 
flowers.  Calyx  tube  obpyraniidal,  its  limb  with  4  obtuse  lobes.  Corolla  tiibular-funnelform, 
with  4  short  erect  or  spreading  lobes.  Stamens  .(,  inserted  on  the  throat  of  tlie  corolla,  fda- 
nients  very  short;  anthers  oblong,  acuspidate  at  the  base.  Ovary  2-celled;  ovules  .solitary 
in  each  cavity,  pendulous;  .style  fdiform,  exserted;  stigma  capitate.  I'ruit  dry,  obpyranii- 
dal, i-2-seeded.     ICndosperni  cartilaginous;  cotyledons  linear-oblong,    [(ireek,  head-flower.] 

.■\boul  6  spciiis,  natives  of  .Xnierica  and  Asia.  The  foHuwiuK  is  the  only  one  known  to  occur 
in  Norlli  .VuRMici,  unless  the  south  western  and  M.xican  plant  i)roveH 


listinct. 


I.    Cephalanthus  occidentalis  h. 
Button-bush.     Button-tree.     Honey- 
balls.     Globe-flower.     (Fiji^.  3403.) 

CfpliahiiilliKS  OiCiilciiliilis  I,.  Sp.  PI.  ii.s.      175.^ 

A  shrub  ;,°-i2°  high,  with  opposite  or  verti- 
cillatc leaves  and  branches,  glabrous,  or 
somewhat  pubescent.  Leaves  petioled,  ovate 
or  oval,  entire,  acuminate  or  acute  at  the 
apex,  rounded  or  narrosved  at  the  base,  ^'-fi' 
long,  l'-2,'i'  wide;  peduncles  i'-.^'  long; 
heads  globose,  alwut  1'  in  diameter,  the  re- 
ceptacle pubescent;  flowers  sessile,  white, 
^"-6"  long;  style  very  slender,  about  twice 
the  length  of  the  corolla;  calyx-tube  pro- 
longed beyond  the  ovary. 

In  swiunps.and  lowKroniids.N'ew  Brunswick  to 
western  Ontario  and  California,  south  to  I'lorida, 
Texas  and  .Vrizoua.  .Mso  in  Cuba.  .\lso  called 
Pond  Dogwood,  Uultonwood  .Shrub.  June-Sept. 

4.    MITCHELLA  L.  Sp.  PI.  in.     1753. 

Creeping  herbs,  with  opposite  petioled,  entire  or  ninlnlate,  evergreen  leaves,  and  white 
axillary  or  terminal  peduncled  geminate  dimorphous  flowers,  their  ovaries  united.  Calyx- 
tube  ovoid,  the  limb  ;,-6-lobed  (usually  4-lobed).  Corolla  fnnnelform,  usually  4-lol)ed,  the 
lobes  recurved,  bearded  on  the  inner  side.  Statiiens  as  many  as  the  lobes  of  the  corolla  and 
inserted  on  its  throat;  filaments  .short  and  style  exserted,  or  filaments  exserted  and  style  .short. 
Ovary  4-celled ;  stigmas  4,  short,  filiform;  ovules  i  in  each  cavity,  erect,  anatropons.  Fruit 
composied  of  2  united  drupes  usually  containing  8  roundish  nutlets.  Seed  erect;  cotyledons 
short,  obtu.se;  embryo  minute.  [Named  after  Dr.  John  Mitchell,  botanist  and  correspondent 
of  Linnaeus  in  Virginia.] 

Two  species,  one  North  .Vmerican,  the  other  Japanese. 

I.    Mitchella  repens  L.      Partridge-berry.     Twin-berry.      (Fig.  3404.) 

Milchella  repetia  I,.  Sp.  PI.  in.      1753. 

Stems  slender,  trailing,  rooting  at  the 
nodes,  6'- 12'  long,  branching,  glabrous,  or 
very  slightly  pubescent.  Leaves  ovate-or- 
bicular, petioled,  obttise  at  the  apex, 
rounded  01  somewhat  cordate  at  the  base, 
3"-io"  long,  pinnately  veined,  dark 
green,  .shining;  peduncles  shorter  than 
the  leaves,  bearing  2  sessile  white  flowers 
at  the  -summit;  corolla  ^"-b"  long;  drupes 
red  (rarely  white),  broader  than  high,  1"- 
4"  in  diameter,  persi.stent  through  the 
winter,  edible. 

In  woods,  Nova  Scotia  to  Kloridii,  west  to 
western  Ontario,  Minnesota,  .\rkansas  and 
Texas.  April-June,  sonieliines  lloweriuK 
a  second  time  in  the  autntnn.  Called 
also  Hive-  or  ,S<iuaw  vine,  Checker  berry. 
Deer-berry,  Hox  or  Hox-berry,  Partridse- 
vine  and  Winter  Clover.  Leaves  often  whit- 
ish veined,  flower-buds  pink.  Ascends  sixxj 
ft.  in  Virginia. 


Vol,.  III.] 


MADDKR   FAMILY. 


217 


5.    SPERMACOCE  I,.  Sp.  PI.  102.      175;,. 

Herbs,  with  4-si(le(l  stems,  opposite  piiinately  veined  stipulate  leaves,  atitl  small  white 
flowers,  in  dense  axillary  and  terminal  clusters.  Calyx-tuhe  obovoid  or  ohconic,  its  limb  4- 
toothed.  Corolla  funnelform,  4-lol)ed.  Stamens  4,  inserted  on  the  tube  of  the  corolla; 
anthers  oblong  or  linear.  Ovary  2-celled;  ovules  i  in  each  cavity;  style  slender;  stigma 
capitate,  or  slightly  2-lol)ed.  Capsule  coriaceous,  didymous,  of  2  dehiscent  carpels,  or  one 
dehiscent,  the  other  indehiscent.  .Seeds  oblong,  convex  on  the  l)ack;  endosperm  horny; 
embryo  central;  cotyledons  foliaccous.  [Greek,  seed-point,  from  the  sharp  calyx-teeth  sur- 
mounting the  carpels.] 

Two  species,  natives  of  America. 

I.    Spermacoce  glabra  Michx.     Smooth 
Buttoti-weed.     (Kig.  3405.) 

Sfieimafihe glabra  Michx.  I'"l.  Ilor.  Am.  i:  Si'.      1803. 

Glabrous,  decumbent  or  ascending,  rather  stout;  .stems 
lo'-2o'  long.  Leaves  lanceolate  or  elliptic-lanceolate, 
petioled,  or  the  uppermost  se'.sile,  i'-3'  long,  4"-! 2" 
wide,  acute  at  each  end,  the  margins  rough;  corolla 
pubescent  in  the  throat,  about  i  U"  long,  scarcely  exceed- 
ing the  ovate-lanceolate  acute  calyx  teeth;  stamens  and 
style  included;  capsule  obovoid,  about  2"  long,  glabrous; 
seeds  black,  punctate. 

On  river  banks  and  in  wet  .soil,  soufliern  Ohio  and  Ken- 
lucky  to  I'lorida  and  Texas.  Also  in  trojiical  America. 
June-Sept. 

6.  DIODIA  L.  Sp.  PI.  104. 
Pecumbent  or  ascending  brandling  herbs,  with  opposite,  mostly  sessile,  entire  conspicu- 
ously stipulate  leaves,  and  small  axillary  white  lilac  or  purple  tlower.s.  Calyx  tube  obconic 
or  obovoi<l,  the  limb  2-4-lobed  (sometimes  i-6-lobed),  often  with  minute  teeth  between  the 
lobes.  Corolla  funnelform  or  salverforni,  mostly  4-lobed.  Stamens  usually  4,  inserted  on 
the  throat  of  the  corolla;  lilaments  slender;  anthers  versatile,  oblong-linear,  exserted. 
Ovary  2-celled  (rarely  3-4-celled);  ovules  i  in  each  cavity;  style  fdiform,  simple,  or  2-cleft; 
stigmas  2.  I'ruit  crustaceous  or  somewhat  fleshy,  oblong,  obovoid,  or  subglobose,  2-celled, 
finally  separating  into  2  indehiscent  carpels.  Seed  oblong,  convex  on  the  back;  endosperm 
horny;  cotyledons  foliaccous;  embryo  straight.  [Greek,  thoroughfare,  where  the  species 
are  frequently  found.] 

About  3,s  species,  mostly  American.     Uisides  the  following,  anollier  occurs  in  the  southern  States. 
lA'avcs  hnear-lauceolate;  style  entire;  sticinas  capitate.  i.  I),  teres. 

Leaves  lanceolate  ot  oval;  style  acleft;  stigmas  lili form.  2.  P.  yirginia/ta. 


1753- 


llark 
[hail 
Ivers 
lipes 
I2"- 
1  the 


ht  to 
;in<l 
iiiK 

llled 

Ihit- 

■SIHX) 


I.  Diodia  teres  Walt.    Rough  Button-weed. 

(Fig.  3406.) 


Diodia  teres  Walt.  V\.  C.ir.  87.      178S. 
Spei  iiiacoce  dioJina  Michx.  I'l.  Bor.  Am. 


1S03. 


Rigid,  usually  rough,  much  branched  from  near  the 
base,  the  branches  prostrate  or  ascending,  4-sided 
above,  Y-y>'  long-  Leaves  linear  or  linear-lanceo- 
late, very  rough,  }i'-i'/i'  long,  I ^"-3"  wide,  acute, 
the  margins  revolute  when  dry;  flowers  lilac  or  pur- 
ple, 2"-y  long,  usually  solitary  in  the  axils;  style 
entire;  .stigmas  capitate;  fruit  obovoid  or  top-shaped, 
hi.spid,  about  2"  high,  the  usually  4  persistent  calyx- 
lobes  ovate  to  lanceolate. 

In  dry  or  sandy  soil,  Connecticut  to  Florida,  west  to 
Illinois,  Missouri,  Texas,  New  Mexico  and  Souoia. 
July-Sept. 


RL'IUACI'AI';. 


u- 


[Vol..  III. 


2.    Diodia  Virginiana  L.     Larger 
Button-weed.     (Fig.  3i07.) 

Diinlin  I'iiffhiiana  I,.  Sp.  1*1.  104.      175.?. 

Hispid-pubescent  or  glabrate,  much 
branched  from  near  the  base,  the  branches 
procumbent  or  ascendinR,  l°-2°  long. 
I<eaves  lanceolate  to  Jiarrowly  oval,  nar- 
rowed at  tlie  base,  acute,  or  the  lowest  ob- 
tuse at  the  apex,  i'-,,'  long;  flowers  i  or  a 
in  eadi  axil,  aljout  6"  long,  the  corolla-tube 
very  slender;  fruit  somewhat  fleshy,  but 
becoming  dry,  hirsute  or  glabrous,  oval, 
3"-4"  high,  furrowed,  crowned  with  the  2 
or  3  persistent  lanceolate  calyx-lobes. 


Ill  moist  soil,  southern  Xcw  Jersey  to  Flor- 
ida, wist  111  Arkansas  and  Texas.     June-.\ug. 


7.   GALIUM  L.  Sp.  ri.  10,5.     1753. 

.\nnual  or  perennial  herbs,  with  4-angled  slender  stems  and  branches,  fipparently  verti- 
cillate  leaves,  and  small  wliite  green  yellow  or  purple  flowers,  mostly  in  axillary  or  termi- 
nal cymes  or  panicles,  the  pedicels  usually  jointed  with  the  calyx.  Flowers  perfect,  or  in 
.some  species  dioecious.  Calyx-tube  ovoid  or  globose,  the  limb  minutely  toothed,  or  none. 
Corolla  rotate,  4-lobed  (rarely  3-lobed).  Stamens  4,  rarely  ;,;  fdaments  short;  anthers  ex- 
serted.  Ovary  2-celled;  ovules  i  in  eacli  cavity.  Styles  2,  short;  stigmas  capitate.  Fruit 
didymous,  dry  or  fleshy,  smooth,  tuberculate,  or  hispid,  separating  into  2  indehiscent  car- 
pels, or  sometimes  only  I  of  the  carpels  maturing.  Seeil  convex  on  the  back,  concave  on 
the  face,  or  spherical  anil  hollow;  endosperm  horny;  embryo  curved;  cotyledons  foliaceous. 
[Greek,  milk,  from  the  use  of  (7,  vciiiin  for  curdling.] 

About  22.5  species,  of  wide  Keo^raphic  ilisttil)iitioii.  H'"iides  the  followinpf,  about  27  others 
occur  ill  the  southern  and  wosleni  p  irts  of  .North  Viuerici.  The  leaves  are  really  o))posite,  tlie  in- 
tervening members  of  the  verticils  beiiif;  stipules. 

•X-   Fruit  dry,  smooth,  hispid  or  roughened. 

t  Anniicila.  (exctpt  No.  i.  1 
I.  I'lowers  yellow;  leaves  narrowly  linear.         i.  G.  zt'iiini. 
2.  Flowers  wlrte  or  Rrieiiish  while. 

a.  I'ruit  sniDoth  ami  glabrous.  2.  G.  Afnlliigi'. 

b.   I"niit  bristly,  tubt-rcli  d  or  papillose. 
Flowers  in  axillary  eymules,  or  paiiichil. 


I'mit  granular  or  tuberckil,  not  bristly. 
I''ruit  slightly  gr.iiuilar,  or  smooth,  \i 

Btcili  very  slender. 
Fruit  granular  lubi.rele(l,  I'i"  broad 


bro.id;  pedicels  not  recurved; 

,V  G.  /'ill  I'sieiise. 
finiting  pedicels  recurved;  stem  stout. 

4.  G.  Ii  hoi  lie. 


9.  G.  laiiceolatum. 


I'ruit  densely  bristly-hispid. 

Cymes  few  llowend;  leaves  I'-.V  louj;  fruit  fully  2"  broad.  ,s.   G.  A/>arine. 

Cymes  mostly  several-llowered;  leaves  '2'    1'  long;  fruit  smaller.      (>.   G.  sfiurium. 
I'lowers  solitary  in  llie  axils,  subtended  by  2  foliaceous  br.iets;  fruit  bristly.  7.  (i.  viii;alum. 

t  t  ]'i  I  initials. 
I.  Fruit  bristly  hispid  (or  becoming  glabrous  in  no.  12). 

a.  I.eavis  in  4's,  iiurved.  8.   G.  pi/osiiin. 

b.  Leaves  in  4's,  ^-lurved. 
I.eavcs  lanceolate,  oval,  or  ovate;  flowers  in  optii  cymes. 

Ipper  leaves  lanceolate  to  ovate-lauceolati'.  acuuiiuate. 

I'pper  leaves  ovate,  oblong,  oval,  ovate-lanceolate  or  obovatc,  obtuse. 

Corolla  usually  hirsute;  jilant  mostly  pubescent;  leaves  oblong  to  ovate-lanceolate. 

10.   G.  cniae:aii.'; 
Corolla  glabrous;  plant  little  pubescent;  some  leaves  obovate 
Leaves  linear  to  lanceolate;  flowers  in  terminal  panicles. 

C.   Leaves  in  6's. 
2.  Fruit  smooth  and  glabrous  (warty  in  no.  15). 
a.  Flowers  brown  purple. 
Leaves  lanceolate,  3-nerved;  fruit  suiootli.  14.  G.  lali/olhim. 

Leaves  narrowly  lanceolate,  i-nerved;  fruit  warty.  15.  G.  Aikaiisaiium. 

b.  Flowers  white,  yellowish,  or  greeni.sli. 
Fiudosperm  of  seed  annular  in  ci  iss-section. 

Corolla  4-parted,  its  lobes  acute;  stems  smooth,  or  nearly  so. 

Corolla  mostly  3-parted,  its  lobes  obtuse;  steins  minutely  retrorse-liispid 

Pedicels  slender,  rough;  leaves  luoslly  in  4's.  17.   G.  Iiifidiiiil. 

Pedicels  rather  stout,  smooth;  leaves  mostly  in  .i's  and  6's.  iH.  G.  Clayloiii. 


II. 
12. 

1.3- 


G.  k'aiiilsilialicuin. 
G.  boiTiile. 
G.  ti  ifloium. 


ifi.  G.  lincloiiiim. 


Vol.  III.] 


M.\nnER   FAMILY. 


219 


ICiulospcrn  of  seed  Uiniite  in  cross-si'ction. 
Leaves  obtuse. 
Leaves  acute,  or  cuspidate. 

Stem  nearly  or  ([uite  smooth. 
Stem  strongly  retrorse  liisKid. 

•A-   vv   Fruit  fleshy,  resembling  a  double  berry. 


19.  (7.  fialiislre. 

20.  (r.  coiiciiiitnni 

21.  O.  tisfitelliim. 
22.   G.  Iii<:pidulum. 


ticum. 


1.    Galium  verum  L.      Yellow   Bed.straw. 
Lady's  Bedstraw.      (I'*ig.  340S.) 

Gtiliinii  :fi  Kill  L.  Sp.  I'l.  107.      17.S.V 

Perennial  from  a  somewhat  woody  base,  erect  or 
ascendiiij?,  simple  or  branched,  6' -2J2°  high.  Stems 
smooth  or  minutely  roughened;  leaves  in  6'sor  8's, 
narrowly  linear,  .\"~i2"  long,  about  J^"  wide, 
rough  on  the  mart;ins,  at  length  defloxetl;  flowers 
yellow,  the  cymes  in  dense  narrow  panicles;  fruit 
usually  glabrous,  less  than  i "  broad. 

In  waste  places  and  fields,  Ontario,  e.istcrn  New 
ICuRland,  southern  New  York  and  Newjersey.  .Adveii- 
live  or  naturalized  from  Hurojie.  Native  also  of  Asia. 
May-Sept.  Called  also  Cheese-reiniel,  Curdwort,  lied- 
flower,  l-'Ieawort,  Maids'  Hair  and  Yellow  Cleavers. 


2.    Galium  Mollugo  L.     Wild  Madder. 

White,  or  Great  Hedge  Redslraw. 

(Fig.  3409.) 

Cell  ill  III  .tfol/ii!;,!  L.  Sp.  PI.  107.       1753. 

Glabrous  or  nearly  so  throughout.  .Stems  erect,  or 
diffusely  branched,  i°-^°  long;  leaves  in  6'sor  8's, 
oblanceolate  or  linear,  cuspidate  at  the  apex,  6"-i5" 
long,  I  "-2"  wide,  sometimes  roughish  on  the  mar- 
gins; flowers  small,  white,  very  numerous  in  terminal 
j)anicled  cymes;  pedicels  filiform;  fruit  smooth  and 
glabrous,  nearly  i"  broad. 

In  fields  and  waste  places,  Newfoundland  to  Vermont, 
New  York,  I'ennsylvania,  New  Jersey  and  Delaware.  Ad- 
ventive  or  n.ituraiized  from  ICurope.  Called  also  Wliip- 
tougue.     ^Lly-,Sept. 


3.    Galium  Parisiense  L.     Wall  Bedstraw. 
(Fig.  3410.) 

tUilium  piiiisiiirw  L.  Sp.  PI.  luS.      1753. 

tialiiim  Aiig!i<iiiii  lluds.  I'M.  AukI.  Jul.  2,  (19.     177S. 

.\nnual,  erect  or  ascending, very  slender,  much  branch- 
ed; stem  rough  on  tlie  angles,  6'-i2'  high.  Leaves  in 
verticils  of  about  6  (4-7),  linear  or  linear-lanceolate, 
cuspidate,  minutely  scabrous  on  the  margins  and  mid- 
rib, 2''-J^"  long;  cymes  .several-llowercd,  axillary  and 
terminal  on  filiform  peduncles;  flowers  minute,  greenish- 
white;  fruit  glabrous,  finely  granular,  less  than  yi"  wide. 


Along    roadsides,    Virginia, 
from  luirupe.      June-.Vug. 


.\dvcnlive   or    naturalized 


220 


Rl'UIACEAE. 
4.  Galium  tricorne  vStokes. 


Corn  Hedstraw. 


[Vor-.  Ill, 

RouKh-fruited 
(Fig.  341  !•) 


(•'(j/iuiii  ///<-(>;•«(■  Slokcs;  With.  Hot.  Arr,  llrit.  V\.  VA.  3,  i; 

Rather  stout,  <IecuinI)eiit  or  asceiuliug,  6'-i2'  liigli, 
siiiipk',  or  little  branched.  Stem  rough  with  reflexed 
prickles;  leaves  in  6's  or  8's,  linear  or  narrowly  ob- 
lanceolate,  i'  long  or  less,  i, '^"-2"  wide,  rough  on 
the  margins  and  midrib;  peduncles  axillary,  shorter 
than  the  leaves;  pedicels  thickened  and  curved  down- 
ward in  fruit;  cymes  axillary,  usually  3-  ( 1-3- 1  flow- 
ered; fruit  tuberculate  or  granular,  not  hispid,  4"  5" 
broad. 

Ill  waste  places  (ir  cultivated  fields,  eastward  (accnrd- 
iiiK  to  t~,rayi;  Ontario,  and  in  ballast  about  llie  eastern 
seaports.      May-.\ug 


5.    Galium  Aparine  ly.     Cleavers.     Goo.se- 
grass.     Cleaver-wort.     (Fig.  3412.) 

(','a/iiiiu  A/'ai  hir  I,.  .Sp.  PI.  laS.      175.1. 

.Vnnual,  weak,  scrambling  over  bushes,  2°-s°  long, 
the  stems  retrorsely  hispid  on  the  angles.  Leaves  in 
6'sor.S's,  oblanceolate  to  linear,  cuspidate  at  the  apex. 
\'-T,'  long,  2"-5"  wide,  the  margins  and  midrib  very 
rough;  flowers  in  1-3  flowered  cyniesintheupper  axils; 
peduncles  5'''-i2"  long;  fruiting  pedicels  straight; 
fruit  2"-3"  broad,  densely  covered  with  short  hooked 
bristles. 

In  various  situations,  New  lirunswick  to  Ontario,  south 
to  Florida,  Missouri  and  Texas.  .Xpparently  naturalized 
from  liurope.  Widely  distributed  in  temperate  reffions 
as  a  weed.  May-Sept.  Among  some  70  other  Iui«lish 
names  are  Catchweed,  Beggar  lice,  lUirhead, Clover-grass, 
Cling-rascal,  Scratch-grass,  Wild  I  ledge-burs,  Ilairif  or 
Airif,Stick-a-back  or  Stickle-back,  Oosling  grass, Gosling- 
weed,  Turkey-grass,  Pigtail,  CiriporGrip-gra.ss,  I.oveman. 
Sweethearts. 


6.    Galium   spurium    L,.     Les.ser-Goose- 
gras.s  or  Cleavers.     (Fig.  3413.) 

Call  urn  sf>u  rill  III  L.  Sp.  PI.  106.      1753. 

Galium  raillaiilii  IK.  Fl.  F'rance.  4:  263.      l8o,s. 

Galium   Aparine  var.    Raillaiilii   Koch,  Fl.  (5erm.  330 

1S37. 

Similar  to  the  preceding  species  but  smaller,  the 
.stem  equally  rough-angled.  Leaves  smaller,  i'  in  length 
or  less,  linear-oblong  or  slightly  oblanceolate,  cuspi- 
date-pointed, rough  on  the  margins  and  midrib;  cymes 
2-9-flowered;  fruit  i"-iy2"  broad,  usually  less  hispid, 
sometimes  smooth,  or  nearly  so. 

In  low  grounds,  Ontario  to  British  Columbia,  south  in 
the  Rocky  Mountains  to  .Vrizoua  and  to  California.  .Mso  in 
ICurope.  or  the  .\nicrican  plant  may  be  distinct  from  the 
i;uropean.  Called  also  Smooth-fruited  Corn  Bcdslraw. 
May-Aug. 


Vol..  III.] 


M.\DI)ER  r.\MILY. 


221 


7.  Galium  virgatum  Nutt.    Southwest- 
ern Bed.straw.     (Fig.  3414.) 


ise- 


h"-  33'> 

tr,  the 
llengtli 
\  cuspi- 
Icyines 
liispid, 


luth  in 
Ivlsoin 
Im  the 
Istraw. 


GaliiDii  ziif^a/iiin  Null.; 
1841. 


T.  cS:  C.  I'M.  X.  A.  2;  20. 


Annual,  4'-i2'  hij,'h,  usually  hispid,  sonie- 
tinjes  nearly  glabrous;  -stem  very  .slender,  4-an- 
gled,  branched  from  the  ba.se,  or  simple.  Leaves 
in  4's,  oblong  or  linear-oblong,  i'/i"-^"  long, 
l"  wide,  or  less,  obtuse  or  acutish;  peduncles 
axillary,  l-flo\vered,  less  than  I "  long,  recurved 
in  fruit;  flower  white,  subtended  by  2  large  ob- 
long to  lanceolate  bracts  which  closely  resemble 
the  leaves;  fruit  about  1"  in  diameter,  covered 
with  slender  barbed  bristles. 

t'lrcenc  Co  ,  Mo.,  i)riil)al)ly  iulroduced  from  the 
soullr,  .Arkansas  to  Louisiana  anil  Texas.  .\])ril - 
June. 


8.   Galium  pilosum  Ait. 


Hairy  Bedstraw.     (Fig.  3415.) 

(,'ci/iiiin  f>Uosiii)i  Ait.  Hort.  Kcw.  i:  145.      1789. 
O'aliiun  Jtei  mmifitsi'  1..  Sp.  1*1.  105.      1753? 

Perennial,  more  or  less  hirsute-pubescent; 
stems  ascending,  branched,  i°-2/i°  long. 
I<eaves  in  4's,  oval  or  oval-ovate,  punctate,  i- 
nerved,  obtuse,  or  obscurely  3-nerved  at  the 
base,  niucronulate,6'''-i2"  long,  ^''-S"  wide, 
the  lower  usually  smaller;  pedmicles  axillary 
and  ttrininal;  cymes  numerous  but  few-flow- 
ered; pedicel.s  1  "-6"  long,  (lowers  yellowish- 
purple;  fruit  dry,  densely  hispid,  nearly  2" 
in  diameter. 

In  dry  or  sandy  soil,  lastern  Massachusetts  to 
Indiana,  south  to  Florida  and  Texas.  June-Aug. 
Galium  pilosum  puncticulosum  (Michx.)  T.  &  G. 

m.  N.  A.  2:  24.       1841. 
Galium  puiic/icii/osuin  Michx.  VI.  lior.  .\ni.  i: 

So.      1.803. 

("dahrous  or  nearly  so;  leaves  sni.iUer,  ciliate. 
.Southern  .New  Jersey  to  Florida  and  Texas. 
I'L-rliaps  a  distinct  species. 


9.    Galium  lanceol^tum  Torr.     Tor- 
rev '.s  Wild  Liquorice.     (Fig.  3416.) 

Galiiimcircae:ans\:ix.  lanceolahnn  Torr.  Cat.  I'l. 

X.  Y.  23.      iSiQ. 
Ga/tinii  lanccolaliim  Torr.  Fl.  V.  S.  iijS.      1824. 
Galium  Torieyi  liigel.  Fl.  Host.  lid.  2,  56.      iS2|. 

I'erennial,  glabrous  or  nearly  .so,  tlie  .stems 
minutely  roughened,  simple  or  often  branched, 
l°-2^  high.  Leaves  in  4's,  lanceolate  or  ovate- 
lanceolate,  acutish  or  acuminate,  3-nerved, 
more  or  less  ciliate  on  the  margins  and  nerves, 
l'-2,'j'  long,  a"-!!'"  wide,  the  lower  smaller 
and  obtuse  or  obtu.si.sh;  cymes  rather  few- 
flowered,  loose,  widely  branched;  flowers  ses- 
sile or  very  nearly  so;  corolla  glabrous,  yellow- 
ish green  to  purple,  its  lobes  acuminate;  fruit 
dry,  hispid  with  long  h.iirs,  2"-2j4"  broad. 

In  dry  woods,  yuebec  and  Ontario  to  Minnesota, 
south  to  New  Jersey,  Peinisylvania  and  Michigan. 
.Vscends  to  4i«)0  ft.  in  Virginia.     June-.\ug. 


222 


RUniACKAE. 


[Vol,.  III. 


lo.    Galium    circaezans    Miclix. 
Wild  Lifiiiorice.    Cross-Cleavers. 

(FiK.  ^■^^■) 

<;.  ci I cae:ansy\\c\\\.  V\.  Hor.  Am.  i:  So.  iSo,). 
IVTcnnial,  tnore  or  les.s  putiesi-ent,  liraiicli- 
ed,  l°-2°  litKli.  Leaves  in  4's,  oval,  oval- 
lani'eolate  or  ovate,  obtuse  or  ohtusisli  al 
the  apex,  ^-nerved,  6"-iS"  lonj;,  4"-.S'' 
wide,  usually  .soiiiewliat  pubescent  on  both 
surfaces,  the  lower  smaller;  cymes  divari- 
cately branched;  flowers  sessile  or  nearly 
.so,  f^reeiiish;  corolla  hirsute  without,  its 
lolies  acute;  fruit  hispid,  similar  to  that  of 
tlie  preceding  species,  at  leufjth  deflexed. 

Ill  (liy  woods,  Oui'becand  Ontario  to  Slitinc- 
sota,  I'lorida,  Kansas  and  Ti-xas.      May- July. 
Galium  circaezans  glabelluin  Krittoii,  Mem.  Torn 
Chib,  5:  V'v      I"*')!. 

I'oliaKP  niiirly  or  quite  glabrous;  corolla  gla- 
brous.    Ni  \v  York. 


XI.  Galium   Kamtschaticum   Steller. 
Northern  Wild  Liquorice.     (Fig.  3418.) 

Galium  h'aiithclialiciim  Steller;    R.  &  S.  Maiit.  3: 

186.      1827. 
Galium  /.ii/f/iiiOakva,  Hovuy's  Ma(r.  7: 170.      1S41. 
Ciiliiim  ciic(ii:<iiis  var.  mou/iiniim  '['.  t<.  C.  I'l.  N. 

A.  2;  24.      1H41. 

Similar  to  the  preceding  species,  but  weak, 
smaller,  stems  4'- 15'  lon^j.  Leaves  in  4's,  broadly 
oval,  orbicular,  or  obovate,  thin,  3-nerved,  ob- 
tuse, mucronulate,  6'''-i8"  long,  4'''-i2'''  wide, 
glabrate,  or  pubescent  with  short  scattered  hairs 
on  the  upper  surface  and  on  the  nerves  beneath, 
sometimes  ciliate;  flowers  few,  all  on  pedicels 
2'"-6"  long;  corolla  glabrous,  yellowish-green, 
its  lobes  acutish;  fruit  hispid,  2"  broad. 

In  mountainous  rtKii'iis,  <Jutbt'c,  nortliern  Xiw 
England  and  noitlurn  New  York.  .\lso  in  nortli 
eastern  Asia.    Summer. 


12.    Galium  boreskle  L,.    Northern 
Bed.straw.     (Fig.  3419.) 

Galium  boreale  I,.  Sp.  PI.  loS.      175,^ 
Galium  seplcniiionalc  R.  &  S.  .Syst.  3:  253. 
1818. 

I-;rect,  perennial,  smooth  and  glabrous, 
strict,  simple,  or  branched,  leafy,  i°-2yi° 
high.  Leaves  in  4's,  lanceolate  or  linear, 
3-nerved,  obtuse  or  acute,  l'-2'/4'  long, 
I  "-3"  wide,  the  margins  sometimes  ciliate; 
panicles  terminal,  dense,  many-flowered, 
the  flowers  white  in  small  compact  cymes; 
fruit  hispid,  at  lea.st  when  young,  some- 
times becoming  glabrate  when  m.iture, 
about  i"  broad. 

In  rocky  soil  or  along  streams,  Quebec  to 
Alaska,  south  to  New  Jersey,  I'eunsylvania, 
Michigan,  Nebraska,  New  Mexico  and  Cali- 
fornia. .Vlso  in  IJurope  and  northern  .\sia. 
May- Aug. 


^^ 


t^^'. 


3:   2,S.v 

ibrous, 

linear, 
long, 
iliate; 
ivered, 
ymes; 
some- 
ature, 


bee  to 

vania, 

;  Cali- 

Aaia. 


Vol.  in.] 


.MADDI'R  IWMILY. 


223 


»3 


Galium  trifldrum  Miclix.     vSwcet- 
sccMited  or  Fragrant  liecLstraw. 
(Fig.  3420.) 

(iiiliiim  li  ifho  iitii  Mklix,  I'l.  Kor.  Am.  i:  80.  if<i),(. 
IVrcnnial,  ilitTuse,  procumbent,  or  ascenilinj,', 
glabrou.s  or  nearly  so,  shining,  fragrant  in  dry- 
ing, the  stems  .iiul  nutrgins  of  the  leaves  some- 
times a  little  rongheneii.  Leaves  in  6's,  nar- 
rowly oval  or  slightly  oblanceolate,  i -nerved, 
cuspidate  at  the  apex,  narrowed  at  the  liase, 
''-,V'i'  loi'Ki  2"-6"  wide;  peduncles  slender, 
terminal  and  axillary,  often  exceeding  tlie 
leaves,  j-Aowered  or  l)ranche(l  into  3  pedicels 
which  are  1-3-flowered;  flowers  greenish;  fruit 
1 1^"-2'/ hroad,  hi.spid  witli  hooked  hairs;  seed 
almost  .spherical,  the  groove  obsolete. 

In  woods,  Nova  Scotia  to  .\laska,  south  to  .\Ia 
batiia,  Louisiana,  the  Indian  Territory,  Colorado 
anil  California.  .Mso  in  northern  Ivurope,  Japan 
and  the  Himalayas.      June-Aug. 


''W  w 


15.    Galium  Arkansanum  A.  Gray. 
Arkansas  Bedstraw.     (Fig.  3422.  j 

(,'alium  A I  til ii\a II II III  X.  dray.  I'roc.  .\m.  .\cad. 
19:  So.       iSS.i. 

Similar  to  the  preceding  species  but  usually 
lower,  the  leaves  linear-lanceolate,  6"-i2" 
long,  I  "-3"  wide,  the  lateral  nerves  obscure 
or  none,  the  midrib  sometimes  pubescent  be- 
neath, and  the  margins  ciliate;  fruiting  pedi- 
cels roughish,  3"-i2"  long;  flowers  brown- 
purple,  the  numerous  cymes  loosely  several- 
many-flowered;  fruit  glabrous,  warty,  some- 
what fleshy,  each  carpel  i"-i  J2''  in  diameter. 

Soutlicin  Missouri  and  .Arkansas.     Jinii-July. 


14.    Galium  latifolium  Michx. 
Purple  Hedstraw.     (Fig.  3421.) 

(iaiiiiin  lali/oliuiii  Sliclix.  1"1.  lior.  Am.  i:  79, 

l8o,v 

I'erennial,  erect,  smooth  and  glabrous, 
branched,  i°-2°higli.  I,eaves  in 4's,  lanceo- 
late,3-nerved, acuminate  at  the apex.narrow- 
ed  or  rounded  at  the  base,  i'-2'  long,  4"-S" 
wide,  the  midrib  .sometimes  pubescent  be- 
neath, the  margins  minutely  roughened,  the 
lower  smaller  and  sometimes  opposite;  pe- 
duncles axillary  and  terminal,  slender,  but 
usually  shorter  than  the  leaves;  flowers  pur-' 
pie;  cymes  loosely  many-flowered,  the  pedi- 
cels slender,  2"-6"  long,  smooth  or  very 
nearly  so;  fruit  smooth,  slightly  llesliy,  2" 
broad,  usually  only  one  of  the  carpels  devel- 
oping. 

In  dry  woods  in  mountainous  riKions,  rcnn- 
sylvania  to  r.rorgia.      May  ,\ug. 


-224  RriUACKAK.  [Vol,.  Ill- 

16.    Galium  tinctdrium  I,.     Stiff  Marsh  Ikdstraw.     Wild  MatUier. 

(I' IK-  3^2.V) 

lliiliiiin  liiifliii  iiDii  r,.  St)   I'l.  io(),      I7,s,i. 

Oiiliiiin  liifiitum  var.  lati/olitiin  'I'orr.  I'l.  N.  i^  Mi<l. 

States,  7s.       iSjd, 
(niliiiin  iililiisiim  lli({cl<i\v,  IM.  Host.  I'M.  i,  ,SS.       lHJ4. 

rcreiiiiial;  stoiii  crt'ct,  h'-\^'  IiIk''.  rallier  stiff, 
hraiu'lied  almost  to  tlic  base,  the  braiu'lies  coiii- 
liioiily  solitary,  strict  (not  irrc).;iilnrly  diiTuse), 
several  times  forked;  .stem  .>-aii(.;Ifd,  nearly  gla- 
brous; leaves  eomnioiily  in  4's,  linear  to  lanceo- 
late, >i'  I'loiifj;  liroatlest  below  the  middle,  ob- 
tuse, inineate  at  the  base,  dark  green  and  dull,  not 
papillose,  1 -nerved,  the  margins  and  midrib  rotigli- 
ish;  (lowers  terminal  in  clusters  of  2or,i;  pedicels 

V'yt  \^  ns^,  I   //'  slender,    not   much   divaricate   in    fruit;     corolla 

'  \  fi^'4^'^    K  white,  large,    l"'\\"  broad,    (-parted,  its  lobes 

oblong,    acute;    disk    large;    fruit   smooth;    seed 
y    spherical,  hollow,  annular  in  cross-section. 

Damp  sliiuly  plnci  s,  wit  nitadows  and  swamps, 
Canada  to  North  Carolina  and  Titnusstc,  west  to 
MichiBnii,  Nebraska  and  Arizona.     May-Jidy. 

Galium  tinctdrium  filifolium  Wieitand,  Hull.  Torr.  Club,  24:  y)7.      1S07. 
More  slender  than  the  type  ami  ol'len  more  dilTuse;  leaves  almost  liliform,  i"  wide  or  less,  not 
broader  below  the  middle,  strongly  eellidar-papillose;  inllorescence  more  open;  pedi -els  slender; 
bracts  minute;  flowers  in  2's  or  <,'•.;  corolla  iart;er.     Sandy  places  in  swamps,  Virginia  to  I'lorida, 
alonK  tile  co.ist. 

Galium  tinctorium  Labradoricum  Wieuand,  bull.  Toir.  Club,  24:  y.?,.      1897. 
r,ow  and  strictly  elect,  2' -10'   liigh;  branches   few,  ascenilinjf,  mostly  from  the   upper  T1<>.1.-. 
stem  as  in  tlie  type;  leavi  s  small,  ,V'   \"  lotur,  linear,  rellexed;  flowers  large.     In  sphaunous  i.  jK' 
Coiniccticut,  .New   inrk  and  Wisconsin  to  Labrador. 

17.    Galium  trifidum  L,.     Small  Bed.stra\v. 
Small  Cleavers.     (Fig.  3424.) 

(ialiiiiii  IrifniiiiH  I,.  Sp.  I'l.  io,s.      I7,S,V 

(/.  1 11  till  II  III  var.  f<ii  sill  inn  X.  Ciray,  Man.  ICd.  ,5,  21K).     1S67. 

rerennial  by  slender  rootstocks,  very  slender  and 
weak;  stem  ascending,  16'  long  or  less,  much  branched 
and  intertangled;  stem  sharply  .(-angled,  rough;  branches 
comnioidy  in  2's;  leaves  in  4's,  linear-spatulate,  llz"-!" 
long.obtuse,  cuneateatthebase,  i-nerved, dark  green  and 
dull  on  both  surfaces,  scarcely  papillose,  the  margins 
and  midrib  retrorse-scabrous;  flowers  small,  on  lateral 
or  terminal  pedicels  which  are  capillary  and  much  longer 
than  the  leaves,  commonly  two  at  each  node  or  three 
terminal;  corolla  very  small,  white,  '+'"  long,  trifid,  its 
lobes  broadly  oval,  very  obtuse;  fruit  glabrous;  seed 
spherical  and  hollow,  annular  in  cross  section. 

S[)liaKnous  l)o(;s  and  cold  swamps,  Maine  to  southern  New 
York,  t)liio,  Nebraska,  Colorado)  and  northward.     Sunnner. 


18.    Galium  Claytoni  Mich.K.     Clayton's  Bed.straw. 


(I'liliiiin  r/rtj/o;;/ Miclix.  I'M.  Hor.  Am.  i;  78.      1803. 
lUiliuin  lincloiiiiin  Higelow,  1"1.  bost.  VA.  2,  ,s(.      1824. 

Perennial;  stem  erect  or  ascending,  nuire  diffuse 
■when  old,  (I'-i^  high;  stem  slender  or  sometimes 
(juite  stout,  sharply  4-angled,  more  or  less  rough,  the 
(lifTuse  branches  in  2'8;  leaves  of  medium  si/.e,  4"-S" 
long,  commonly  in  5's  or  6's,  linear-spatulate  or  spatu- 
late-oblong,  obtuse,  cuneately  narrowed  into  a  .short 
petiole,  rather  firm  in  texture,  scabrous  on  the  mar- 
gin and  midrib,  dark  green  and  dull  above,  not  papil- 
lose, discolored  in  drying;  flowers  in  clu.sters  of  2's  or 
3's,  terminal,  provided  with  I  or  2  minute  bracts; 
pedicels  .straight,  in  fruit  strongly  divaricate,  glabrous 
and  rather  stout;  corolla  minute,  white,  3-parted, 
the  lobes  broadly  oval,  obtuse;  fruit  glabrous;  seed 
spherical  and  hollow,  annular  in  cross-section. 

Swamps,  Massachusetts  and  New  York  to  North  Caro- 
lina, MichiRan,  Missouri  and  Texas.     May-July. 


Vol..  HI. 


MAnnrm  f.vmily. 


225 


I  Sat. 
IdifTuse 
leliines 
\h,  the 

-s" 

I spatu- 

short 

niar- 

I  papil- 

2'sor 

Jiracts; 

abrou.s 

parted, 

seed 

Caro- 


19.    Galium  palvistre  I, 

C'li/i'inn  fiii/in/if  I,.  Sp.  I'l,  lo.v      175,1. 
1,'ii/iniii  /li'idiiin  v;ir.  hi/nliinn  .Muicmii,  Cat.  Can. 
I'latits.  .<u.\       is.S|  ' 

rcrciinial,  stem  cri-ot  and  rii'lit-r  slciiiU-r, 
iit)()iit  !()'  liiK'li;  iiileriiodi's  vfi V  ImiK  Miiiildlo 
uiif  2 '.-'-3'  loiinj;  short  hraiii'lii-s  tiioslly  in  2's. 
Sli'Ul  sliarplv  .|-aiij;li.'d,  Kl't'i^Kiis  or  a  little 
ri)Uj;li;  leaves  in  lypicil  si)ecinifiis  ralluT 
sin/ilI,  in  2'.s  to  '^I's.  liiuar-clliptie  to  spatnlate, 
rnneatc  at  the  base,  olitiisc,  .i"-^"  loii).;,  l"- 
2"  wide,  the  rather  llrni  niarj/ins  and  tlie 
tnidrili  sli).;htly  si-.ihrons,  not  p.-ipillosc;  flowers 
nutneroiis  in  terminal  .md  lateral  cymes;  hrac- 
te(des  in  the  inlloreseener  niimiti';  jiediiels  in 
(lower  .-iseendinK,  l'.'"--V'.."  lonn,  in  frnit 
strongly  divarieate;  eorolla  larj^c,  white,  i"- 
I '4  "  hroad,  .l-|):irted,  the  lohcs  ohlonj;,  aenle; 
disk  almost  ohsolete;  fruit  ^Inhrous;  endosperm 
of  the  seed  grooved  on  the  inner  faee,  in  cross- 
section  lunate. 

In  datiip  sliady  or  open  places  along  roadsides 
and  ditclii  s,  'ir  in  the  margins  cif  swamps.  New- 
rmnidl.ind.  I'linee  IMward  Island  and  tjuehei-, 
to  M.issaeliusi  tts  and  New  Voik.     .\lsiiin  ivunipe. 


Mai-.sh  Ucdslraw. 

-.A 


(I'iK.  :,4;r).) 


20.    Galium  concinnum  Torn  & 

Gray.     vSliiniiij^^  iJudstruw. 

fl-iji.  34:17.  ) 

Cialium  fxinijloi  iiiit   Kal'.  Mi  il.    Kip.    (11)  5: 

< iiiliiiiil  ton,  iiniinii'l'.  >V  d.  I'M.  N.  .\.  2  25.  |S(I. 
Perennial,  glabrous,  shining,  usually  much 
hraiiclied,  the  angles  of  tlie  stem  and  edges 
of  the  leaves  ndunlely  scabrous.  Leaves  usu- 
ally all  in  6's,  linear  or  sometimes  Ijroader 
above  the  ndddle,  narrowed  at  the  base, 
blunt-pointed,  or  n\iuutcly  cuspidate,  4"-6" 
long,  :"-I^'2"  wide,  green  in  drying;  pedun- 
cles fdiform;  pedicels  short;  flowers  minute, 
white,  n\inierous  in  open  cymes;  frnit  small, 
glabrous;  en<losperin  deeply  grooved. 

Ill  dry  woodlands,  w<  stem  New  Jersey  to  Vir- 
Rinia,  west  to  Mintiesol.i  aii<l  .\rkaiisas.  June- 
Auk. 


21.    Galium  asprellum  Michx.      Rough 
IJedstraw.     (Fig.  3428.) 

(7a/iiim  iis/trcZ/iini  Micli\.  I'l.  lior.  Am.  1:78.  i?o,^. 
Perennial,  weak,  much  branched  and  reclining 
on  bushes,  or  sometimes  erect;  stem  retrorsely 
hispid,  2°-6°  long.  Leaves  in  6's  or  ,s's,  or  those 
of  the  branches  rarely  in  4's,  narrowly  oval  or 
slightly  oblanceolate,  cuspidate  at  the  apex,  nar- 
rowed at  the  base,  sometimes  so  much  so  as  to  ap- 
pear petioled,  4"-S"  long,  \"-2"  wide,  their 
margins  and  midribs  rough;  cymes  terminal  and 
a.xillary,  several-many-flowered;  flowers  white; 
fruit  smooth] and  glabrous,  about  \"  broad;  cndo- 
sperm^with  a'shallowfgroove.  ;  _: ' 

.III  moist  soil, .Newfoundland  to  western 'Ontario, 
south  to  North  Carolina,  Illinois,  Wisconsin  and 
Nebraska.  Called  also  Pointed  Cleavers.  Ascends 
to  ,-5,500  ft.  in  the  Adirandaeks.      June-.\ug. 

15 


226 


RUBIACKAE. 


[Vor,.  III. 


22.    Galium  hispidulum  Michx. 
Coast  Bedstraw.      (I'ig.  3429.) 

Galium  liispiduIiiDi  Miclix.  I'l.   lUir.  Am.  i:  79. 
1803. 

Perennial,  much  branched,  hirsute,  hi.spi'l 
or  nearly  glabrous,  i°-2°  high.  Leaves  in 
4's,  i-nerved,  oval,  nuicronate,  rather  thick, 
3"-lo"  loni;,  I, '2 "-4"  wiile,  the  margins 
more  or  less  revolute  in  drying;;  (lowers  few, 
terminating;  the  branclilels,  white;  pedicels 
3"-4"  long,  rather  stout,  becoming  detlexcd 
in  fruit;  fruit  fleshy,  minutely  pubescent, 
about  2"  broad. 

In  dry  or  sandy  soil,  southern  New  Jersey  to 
I'lorida  and  Gfornia.     ilay-Aug. 


8.    SHERARDIA  L.  Sp.  PI.  102.       1753. 

Slender  annual  procumbent  or  dilfiise  herbs,  with  vcrticillate  spiny-pointed  leaves,  and 
small  ncarl)'  sessile  pink  or  blue  flowers,  in  terminal  and  axillary  iuvolucrate  heads.  Calyx- 
tube  ovoid,  its  limb  4-6-lobed,  the  lobes  lanceolate,  persistent.  Corolla  funnelform,  4-5- 
lobed,  the  tube  as  long  as  the  li,>bes  or  longer.  Stamens  4  or  5,  inserted  on  the  tube  of  the 
corolla;  filaments  slender;  anthers  linear-oblong,  exscrted.  Ovary  2-celled;  style  2-cleft  at 
the  summit;  ovules  i  in  each  cavity.  I'ruit  didymous,  the  carpels  indchiscent.  Seed  erect. 
[Nanittl  for  Dr.  Wni.  Slierard,  1659-1728,  patron  of  Dlllcnius.] 

A  nionotypic  gemi^  of  the  Old  World. 


...^' 


I.    Sherardia  arv6nsis  !<.     Blue  Field 

Madder.     Herb  Sherard.     Spurwort. 

(Fig.  3430.) 

Sheiaiilia  ar:eiisis  I,.  Sp.  I'l.  102.      1753. 

Tufted,  roughish,  stems  numerous,  prostrate, 
ascending,  or  decumbent,  3'-io'  long.  Leaves 
in  4's,  5"s  or  6's,  the  ujjper  linear  or  lanceolate, 
acute  and  sharp-pointed,  rough-ciliate  on  the 
margins,  ^''-S"  long,  i"-2"  wide,  the  lower 
often  obovate,  niucronatc;  flowers  in  slcnder- 
peduncled  iuvolucrate  heads,  the  involucre 
deeply  6-S-Iobed,  the  lobes  lanceolate,  sharp- 
pointed;  corolla-lobes  spreading;  fruit  crowned 
with  the  4-6  lanceolate  calyx-teeth. 

In  waste  places,  Ontario  and  eastern  Massachu- 
setts. Also  in  Herinuda.  Adventive  from  ICurope. 
June-July. 


9.    ASPERULA  L.  Sp.  PI.  103.       1753. 

Erect  or  ascending  branching  perennial  herbs,  with  4-angled  stems,  vcrticillate  leaves, 
and  small  white  pink  or  blue  flowers  in  terminal  or  axillary,  mostly  cyniose  clusters.  Calyx- 
tube  somewhat  didymous,  the  limb  obsolete.  Corolla  funnelform,  4-lobed.  Stamens  .(,  in- 
serted on  the  tube  or  throat  of  the  corolla;  anthers  linear  or  oblong.  Ovary  2-celled;  ovules 
I  in  each  cavity;  style  2-cleft.  Fruit  globosc-didymous,  the  carpels  indchiscent.  Seed  ad- 
herent to  the  pericarp;  endosperm  fleshy;  embryo  curved.  [Latin  diminutive  of  aaper, 
rough,  referring  to  the  leaves.  ] 

About  80  species,  natives  of  the  Old  World. 


Vol,,  in.] 


MADDER   I'AMILY. 


227 


kachu- 
iiroiH-. 


baves, 
lalyx- 
I4,  in- 

Ivulcs 
1.1  a.l- 


I.    Asperula  odorata  L.     Sweet 
WoutlrufT.     (Imk.  3431  •) 

Asfifi  nld  oilm iilii  I..  Sp.  I'l.  in^.      I7,s,i. 

Steins  erect,  sleiuler,  stnoolli.  Leaves  usually 
in  Ss  (()'s-i)'si,  thin,  oMonjj-lanreolatc,  acuteor 
olitnsc,  iniiiTonate,  i  ncrvcil,  roujjliish  oti  tlie 
margins,  6"-iS"  lonjj,  the  lower  smaller,  often 
ohovatc  oroblanocolate;  peduncles  terminal  and 
axillary,  slender;  cynics  several-flowered;  (low- 
ers white  or  pinkish,  i  N"  lonj;;  pedicels  \"-2" 
Iouk;  fruit  very  hispid,  about  i"  broad. 

In  waste  jil;ic<s.  Nrw  lininswiik,  N.  ].  l'ii(;ilive 
friMii  Iliircipf.  Otliii  ICiinli-h  names  are  Hay  plant, 
Munwil  (II  MuKK>l,  Knekweed,  Swii  t  IlairliDcif. 
Wcimlvip,  Wiidilruwcl,  Starnias>i,  and  Sweet  K'ass. 
May  Jul    . 

Asperula  arvensis  I,,  .iiKillirr  ICiiropeaii  speeii  s, 
with  terminal  lapilatc  llciwits,  and  linear  ohtii'-e 
leaves,  has  heen  found  in  waste  places  on  Staten 
Island. 


I'aiiiily  35. 


CAPRIFOLIACEAE  Wiit.  Tal)I.  2:  593.      1799. 

IIoNl.VStCKI.I-;    1  A.MII.V. 

Slinil)s,  trees,  vines,  or  j)erennial  herhs,  with  opposite  siiii])le  or  pinnate 
leaves,  aiul  jierfeet,  regtilaror  irregular,  mostly  eynio.se  (lowers.  Sliptiles  none, 
or  somelinies  present.  Calyx-tnhe  adnate  to  the  ovary,  its  limb  ^-.s-loothed  or 
3-5-lo1)e(l.  Corolla  gamopetalous,  rotate,  eampannlate,  t'tnmelforni.  nrn-shaped, 
or  tulnilar,  the  ttibe  often  gibbous  at  the  base,  the  limb  5-lobed,  .sometimes  2- 
lipped.  .Stamens  5  (very  rarely  4) ,  in.serted  on  the  tube  of  the  eorolla  and  alter- 
nate with  its  lobes;  anthers  oblong  or  linear,  versatile.  Ovarx'  inferior,  1-6- 
celied;  style  slender;  stigma  eapitate,  or  2-5-lobe(l,  the  lobes  stigmalic  at  the 
summit;  ovules  anatropous,  i  or  several  in  eaeh  eavity.  l-'ruit  a  i-6-celled 
berry,  drupe,  or  eapstile.  Seeds  ol)long,  globose,  or  angular;  seed-eoat  mem- 
branous or  erustaceous,  .smooth  or  caneellate;  embryo  usually  small,  jjlaeed 
near  the  hilum;  radicle  terete;  cotyledons  ovate. 

.•\hiiut  10  (jenera  and  >'0o  species,  mostly  natives  of  the  northern  heinisi>hetc,  a  few  in  .South 
.\merica  and  .\ustralia. 

Corolla  rotate  or  urn  shapeil;  (lowers  in  compound  cymes;  style  deeply  2  s-Iolied:  shrubs  or  trees 
I,iaves.i)innate;  drui)e  v.sseeded.  i.  .Smu/uit  ii'i. 

Leaves  simple;  drui)e  i-eedid.  '■'■ 

Corolla  tubular  or  eampannlate,  often  3  lippi  <1;  style  slender. 
I'.reet  perennial  herbs;  leaves  connate. 

Creepin;;,  somewhat  woody  herb;  (lowers  long-peduncled,  Keminale. 
Shrubs  or  vines. 

I'ruit  a  few  seeded  berry. 

Cf>roIla  short,  canipaiiulate,  retfular,  or  nearly  so. 
Corolla  more  or  less  irrenular,  tubular  or  eampannlate. 
I'ruit  a  2  celled  capsule;  corolla  fnnnelform. 


J.    I'ihiirnutn. 
.}.   I.innaca. 


,S.  Symfi/ioi  iiaifios. 

6.  /.ouicfiti. 

7.  Die>:'illa. 


I.    SAMBUCUS  I..  Sp.  PI.  2f)9.      1753. 

Shrubs  or  trees  (or  some  exotic  species  perennial  herbs),  with  opposite  pinnate  leaves, 
.serrate  or  laeiniate  leaflets,  and  small  white  or  pinkish  flowers  in  compoitnd  depressed  or 
thyrsoid  cymes.  Calyx-tube  ovoid  or  turbinate,  3-5-tootlicd  or  ;,-5-lobed.  Corolla  rotate  or 
slij;litly  eampannlate,  regular,  3-5-lobed.  Stamens  5,  inserted  at  the  base  of  the  corolla; 
lllamcnts  slender;  anthers  oblong.  Ovary  ,^-5-cclled;  style  short,  3-partcd;  ovules  i  in  each 
cavity,  pendulous.  Drupe  berry-like,  containinj;  3-5,  i-seeded  nutlets.  iCndosperm  fleshy; 
embryo  nearly  as  long  as  the  seed.     [Latin  name  of  the  elder.  | 

About  20  species,  of  wide  Keo({raphic  distribution.  In  addition  to  the  following;,  3  others  occur 
in  west*  rn  North  .\merica. 

Cyme  convex;  fruit  purplish  black.  i.  S.  Ciinadeiins, 

Cyme  thyrsoid-paniculale,  longer  than  broad;  fruit  red.  2.  S.  pithens. 


228 


CAl'KIl'OIJACKAI';. 


[Vor..  III. 


1 


1\ 


I.    Sambucus  Canadensis  ly. 

American  I'lkler.     Sweet  Ivlder. 
(Ki);.  ,U32.) 

Saxibuciis  Ciiii(Ulrii\i\  I,.  Sp.  I'l.  2Ipo.  1753. 
A  shrub,  4° -U)"  liiuli,  )^l;ibroiis  or  very 
iienrly  so  tlirouglinut,  tlic  stems  but  lit- 
tle wooily,  the  youiijjcr  ones  with  large 
while  jiilli.  Lcallcts  5-11,  usually  7, 
ovate  or  oval,  acuminate  or  acute  at  the 
apex,  short- stalkeil,  glabrous  above, 
sometimes  slightly  pubescent  on  the 
veins  l)eneath,  2'-5'  long,  sharply  ser- 
rate, sometimes  stipellate;  cymes  con- 
vex, broader  than  high;  flowers  white, 
about  jyi"  broad;  drupe  deep  purple 
or  black,  nearly  3'' in  diameter;  nutlets 
roughened. 

In  moist  soil.  Now  liiuiiswick  and  Nova 
Scotia  to  I'loriila.wcst  to  Slaiiitobu,  Kansas, 
Texas  and  Arizona.  Ascends  to  .(hhi  ft.  in 
North  Car  ilina.  Called  also  lUilcr  blow, 
ICliler-licrry.  The  llowers  and  fruit  liave 
strong nu'dicinal  iiropcities.  Leaves  heavy- 
scented  when  crushed,  those  of  young 
shoots  often  stipulate.     June-July. 

2.    Sambucus  pubens  Michx. 
Red-berried  Ivlder.     (Fig.  3433.) 

Sdiiihtiiiis  pnhtvis  Jlichx.  1"1.  Hor.  Am.  1: 

iSi,       iSo,(. 

A  shrub,  2°-i2°  high,  the  twigs  and 
leaves  commonly  j)ubescent;  stems 
woody,  the  younger  with  reddish-brown 
pith.  Leaflets  5-7,  ovate-lanceolate  or 
oval,  acuminate  at  the  apex, often  narrow- 
ed and  usually  inequilateral  at  the  base, 
2'-5'  long,  not  stipellate,  sharply  serrate; 
cymes  thyrsoid,  longer  than  broad;  flow- 
ers whitish,  turning  brown  in  drying; 
drupe  scarlet  or  red,  2"-^"  in  diameter; 
nutlets  very  minutely  rongheued. 

In  rocky  places,  New  Uninswick  to  Brit- 
ish Colf.iubia,  Ceorgia,  Colorado  ami  Cali- 
fornia. I'ruit  r.irely  white.  April-May. 
Called  also  Mountain  lUder.  Ascends  io 
.Sooo  ft.  in  \'irginia. 

Sambucus  piibens  dissecta  liritton,  Mem. 
Torr.  Club,  5:  ,^o.i.      iSy). 

Leaflets  laciniate.  I.ake  Superior  and 
Pennsylvania. 

Sambucus  nigra  laciniata  (Mill.)  DC.,  a 
cut-leaved  variety  of  the  related  Ivuropean 
species,  has  b;iti  found  at  Cape  May,  N.  J., 
perhapH  escaped  from  cultivation. 

2.  VIBURNUM  T..  Sp.  PI.  r"^7.  1753. 
Shrubs  or  trees,  with  entire  dentate  or  lobcd,  sotnetimcs  stipulate  leaves,  and  white  or 
rarely  pink  flowers  in  compound  cymes,  the  outer  flowers  sometimes  radiant  and  neutral. 
Calyx-tube  ovoid  or  turbinate,  its  limb  short,  5-toothed.  Corolla  rotate  or  short-campanu- 
late  in  our  species,  regular,  5-lobed,  Stamens  5,  inserted  on  the  tube  of  the  corolla;  an- 
thers oblong,  cxserted.  Ovary  1-3-ccned;  style  short,  3-lobed  or  3-parted;  ovules  solitary  in 
each  cavity,  pendulous.  Drupe  ovoid  or  globose,  sometimes  flattened,  i -seeded.  Seed  com- 
pressed; endosperm  fleshy;  embryo  minute.     [The  ancient  Latin  name.] 

About  100  species,  of  wide  geographic  distribution.      Resides  the  following,  .about  5  others 
occur  in  the  southern  and  western  parts  of  North  America. 

•A-  Outer  flowers  of  the  cyme  large,  radiant;  drupe  red. 
Leaves  doubly  serr.ite,  pinnately  veined.  i.  V.  alnifolium. 

l.,eaves  3-lobed,  p.almatcly  veined.  2.  V.  Opiilus. 

V,-  %{-   None  of  tlie  flowers  radiant;  drupe  blue  or  black  (red  in  no.  3). 
I.  Leaves  palniately  veined,  or  3  ribbed. 
Cymes  !;i'-r  broad,  the  rays  short;  drupe  red.  3.  V.  pauciflorum. 


111. 


Vol..  III.] 


IIONKYSrCKMC   I-WMIIA'. 


229 


liite  or 
eutral. 
npanu- 
la;  an- 
tary  in 
d  coni- 

others 


Cymes  i,'j'-2,'j'  bmad,  llu-  lays  sliiultT;  drupt-  marly  l)l'ck.  4.   I',  iicci  ijoliuiii. 

2.   I.fiivfs  ]>iiiiialily  veiiiid. 
a.  I.iavis  I'oaisfly  ileiilaU  .  tin-  veins  iJidiniiKiil  liiiicalli. 
r.eavi"*  very  short  pcliolfil,  pubescent.  ,S    I'.  t>iibe.tre)is. 

I'eticiles  \'  -20"  li)ti({. 

Leaves  glabrous,  or  with  tufts  of  hairs  In  the  axils  beneath.  6.   I',  dcnialiiiit. 

Leaves  pubescent  bineath,  the  pubescence  more  or  less  stellate. 

Drujje  tilobiise  (ivciid;  eastern.  7.    I',  motlc. 

Drupe  obloiin,  twice  as  lonn  as  thick;  western.  ,s.   / '.  Ihiiiiirii'iiis. 

b.   Leaves  entire,  crennl.ite,  or  serrulate,  the  veins  nut  prominent. 
Cymes  in.mifc  stly  peihiucled. 

I'ednnck' shorter  thai\  the  cyme;  leaves  crenulalo.  o.   /'.  k;  iiiii'i</cs. 

I'eiluiule  eiiuallint;  or  longer  than  the  cyme;  leaves  mostly  entire.  10.   /'.  iiiiiliiiii. 

Cymes  sessile,  or  nearly  so. 

Leaves  sleiuler  i)etioled,  l.irKe. 

Leaves  prominently  acuminate.  11.   / '.  /.iii/ii,i,'i). 

Leaves  obtuse,  or  merely  acute. 

Leaves  and  scarcely  winj.    d  pctiohs  (jlabrouR,  or  nearly  so.         12.   / '.  firuiii/'olhiiii. 
Veins  of  lower  leaf  surfaces  and  wiuned  petioles  tomentose.       iv   /'  nifctuDirii/osiiiii. 
Leaves  nearly  sessile,  obovale.  small.  I).   I'.  ohoi'iiliDH. 

I.    Viburnum  alnifolium  Marsh.     Hobblo-busli.     American  Warfariiig  Tree. 

(t'iR-  3434-)  ,-.     /"\ 

/'.  i;/(///;i//hw/ Marsh. .\rb.-\m.  if)?.  1785. 
I'ihiii  iiiim  laiiliDioidfs  Michx.  I'l.  Dor. 
.\ni.  i:  170.      i8o,v 

A  shrill),  with  smooth  iiurplisli  bark, 
sotiiclinies  reaching  a  lieif^ht  t)f  10°, 
widely  and  irregularly  branching,  the 
branches  often  procumbent, the  younj;- 
cst  twigs  scurfy.  Leaves  orbicular, 
or  very  broadly  ovate,  strongly  pin- 
ii.ntely  veined,  sbortacutninate  or 
acute  at  the  apex,  usually  cordate  at 
the  base,  finely  stellate-pubescent,  or 
at  length  glabrous  above,  scurfy  with 
stellate  pubescence  or.  the  veins  be- 
neath, finely  serrate  all  around,  ,i'-fi' 
broad;  petioles  'j'-l^'j'  long;  cynics 
sessile,  },'-$'  broad,  the  exterior  flow- 
ers usually  radiant  and  neutral,  aliout 
l' broad;  drupes  red,  becoming  purple, 
ovoid-oblong,  ,s"-6'''  long;  stone  3- 
grooved  on  one  side,  i -grooved  on  the 
other. 

In  low  woods, New  Hrunswick  to  North 
Carolina,  western  New  York  and  Michi- 
pau.  I.e.ives  of  shoots  from  cut  stumps 
thin,  ovate,  coarsely  toothed.    May-June. 


Vr'/j  I 


^i,^vv*^*-*»-v-v>t-1U-,,t.  V-*  • 


2.  Viburnum  Opulus  I.,.    Cran- 
berry-tree.    Wild  Guelder-rose. 
High  Hush-cranberrj'.   (Fig.  3435.) 

I'l/iiirinini  O/iii/i/s  L.  .Sp.  I'l.  j6,s.       I7,s,^. 
f.  Inloluon  Marsh.  .\rb.  .Vni.  i6j.      1785. 

A  shrub  sometimes  12°  high,  with  nearly 
erect  smooth  branches.  Leaves  broadly 
ovate,  sometimes  broader  than  long,  gla- 
brous, or  with  scattered  hairs  above,  more 
or  less  pubescent  on  the  veins  beneath, 
rather  deeply  3-lobcd,  rounded  or  trun- 
cate and  3-ribl)ed  at  the  basr  '.ic  lobes 
divergent,  acuminate,  coarsely  dentate; 
petioles  yi'-l'  long,  glandular  above; 
cymes  peduncled,  3'-.)'  in  diameter,  the 
exterior  flowers  radiant,  neutral,  '•'-!' 
broad;  drupes  globose,  or  ov;d,  4"-,s"  in 
diameter,  red, very  acid,  translucent;  stone 
orbicular,  flat,  not  grooved. 

In  low  Rrounds,  New  Hrun.swick  to  lirit- 
isli  Columbia,  south  to  New  Jer.sey,  Miclii- 
Ran  and  OrcKou.  Also  in  ICurope  and  Asia. 
Among  many  ICnRlish  names  are  Marsh  , 
Rose-,  or  Water-elder,  White  DorwoocI,  Whit- 
ten-tree,  DoK  Rowan-tree,  Gaitcr-tree  or  Gat- 


230 


CAI'RirOIJACKAK. 


[Vol..  III. 


teti,  Clirrrywood,  May  Rose,  Sciuaw-busli,  Cranipbark. 


4.    Viburnum    acerifolium    L. 

Maple-leaved   Arrow-wood. 
Dockinakie.     (Fija^.  3437.) 
/'.  acci  ifdlium  I,.  Si>.  I'l.  26S.      1753. 

A  sliriil),  3^-6^  h>Kl'>  "i'li  smooth 
i^ray  slender  branches,  ami  somewhat 
pubescent  twigs  and  petioles.  Leaves 
ovate,  orbicxdar,  or  broader  than  long, 
cordate  or  truncate  at  the  base,  pubes- 
cent on  both  sides,  or  beconiinji;  j^la- 
brate,  2'-5'  broad,  mostly  rather  deeply 
3lobcd,  coarsely  dentate,  the  lobes  acute 
oracuniinate;  petioles  ^-'-I'lonj^;  cynics 
long-pcdunclcd,  i 'i'-,^'  broad;  flowers 
all  perfect,  2" -3"  broad;  drupe  nearly 
black,  ,'i"-4"  lonjj,  the  stone  lenticular, 
faintly  2-ridKed  on  one  side  and  2- 
grooved  on  the  other. 

In  dry  (iv  mcky  woods,  New  lirunswick 
to  North  C^irolitia.  west  to  Ontario,  Michi- 
gan and  Minnesota.     May-June. 


-idS^/l^ 


In  cultivation,  tlu'  Stiuwhall.     June-July. 

3.  Viburnum  pauciflorum  Pylaie. 

Fcw-llowered  Craiiberry-tree. 

(Fig.  34.^C^-) 

I'ihiiriitiiii  fya lie itli> ruin  I'vlaic;  T.  N:  li.  I'l. 

N.  A.  2:   17.       iS|i. 
I'ihiii  iiiiiii   i>/iii/iis  var.   I'liiitiiiliiin    Oakes, 

Iloviy's  MaK- 7:   i^'v      i.">ii. 

A siraggliiig  shrub,  2°-()°  hijjh, with  twigs 
and  petnles  glabrous  or  nearly  so.  Leaves 
broadly  o  ,al,  obovate,  or  bro.adcr  than  long, 
5-ribbed,  'runcate  or  somewhat  cordate  at 
the  base,  in  istly  w  ith  3  rather  shallow  lobes 
above  the  n\iddle,  coarsely  and  uneiiually 
dentate,  glab.ous  above,  more  or  less  pu- 
bescent on  the  voins  beneath,  i  J^'-^'  broad; 
cymes peduncled  short-rayed.  ,'i'-i'broad; 
flowers  all  perfect  an<l  small;  drupes  glo- 
bose to  ovoid,  light  red,  acid,  X''-^"  long; 
stone  flat,  orbicular,  scarcely  grooved. 

In  cold  mountain  woods,  Newfoundland  to 
Alaska,  south  to  Maine,  New  Ilauipshirc,  Ver- 
mont. IVuusylvauia,  in  the  Kocky  Mountains 
to  Colorado,  and  to  Wasliiugtou.      June-July. 

....  ,.  J 

f.'V 

1    \^-. 


>> 


5.  Viburnum  pubescens  (Ait.)  Pursh. 

Downy-leaved  Arrow-wood. 

(Fig.  3438.) 

I'ihuiiiiim   dfiilalinii   var.   piihesci-ns  .\it.   Ilort. 
Kew.  1:  372.      17S11. 

f '.  piihesceiis  I'ursh,  l'"l.  Am.  .Sept.  202.      1H14. 

A  branching  shrub,  2°~5''  high  with  straight 
and  slender  gray  branches.  Leaves  sessile,  or 
on  petioles  less  than  3"  long,  oyate  or  oval, 
rounded  or  slightly  cordate  at  the  base,  acute 
or  acuminate  at  the  apex,  co.irsely  dentate, 
I'A'-y  long,  densely  velvety-pubescent  be- 
neath, glabrous,  or  with  scattered  hairs  above, 
or  rarely  glabrate  on  both  surfaces;  cymes  pe- 
duncled, lyi'-l'/i'  broad,  the  flowers  all  per- 
fect; drupes  oval,  nearly  black,  about  4"  long; 
stone  slightly  2-grooved  on  both  faces. 

In  rocky  woods,  (juebec  and  Ontario  to  Mani- 
toba, south,  especially  alonif  the  AUi'ifhanies  to 
Cieorgiaand  to  Illinois,  Iowa  and  MichiKan.  June- 
July.  .V  form  of  this  species,  or  a  related  plant, 
with  petioles  ).-'  long  or  more,  occurs  in  Missouri. 


N, 


Vol,.  III.l 


HONKYSrCKLn   FAMIIvY. 


231 


JMaiii- 
les  to 
luiie- 
bl.iiit, 
Louri. 


6.   Viburnum  dentatum  L. 

I'ihitiiiinii  dntlaliim  I,.  Sl>.  I'l.  2(iS.     175,!. 

A  shrill)  with  slender  k'"'"'">'s  K'-'^V 
branches,  soinelinies  re.ichin>i  a  hcij^hl 
of  15°.  Twi^sand  petioles  glal)roiis;  pet- 
ioles ,^"-12"  long;  leaves  ovate,  broadly 
oval  or  orbicular,  rounded  or  slijjhtly  cor- 
date at  the  base,  acute  or  short-acunii- 
nale  at  the  apex,  proniinetitly  pinnatcly 
veined,  corrsely  dentate  all  around,  1  '.'- 
3'  broad,  jjlabrous  on  both  sides,  or  some- 
times pubescent  with  simple  hairs  in  the 
axils  of  the  veins  beneath;  cymes  lonj^- 
pcduncled,  2'-},'  broad;  flowers  all  per- 
fect; drupe  globose-ovoid,  about  3"  in 
diameter,  blue,  becoming  nearly  black; 
stone  rather  deeply  grooved  on  one  side, 
rounded  on  the  other. 

In  moist  soil,  New  liruiiswick  to  Ontario, 
south  along:  the  mouiilains  to  Ceorpia  and  to 
wisttrn  New  York,  Micliijr.iu.ind  Minnesota. 
Called  also  Mealy  tree.      JIay-June. 


Arrow-wood.     (Fig.  3439.) 


7.    Viburnum  molle  Michx.     Soft- 
leaved  Arrow-wood.     (Fig.  3440.) 

I'ihin  num  violli'  Miclix.  I'l.  lior.  Am.  i:  i8o. 

180,,. 

Similar  to  the  'preceding  species  but  the 
twigs,  petioles,  rays  of  the  cyme  and  lower 
surfaces  of  the  leaves  more  or  less  dcn.sely 
stellate-pubescent;  petioles  short  and  stouter; 
leaves  usually  larger,  crenatc  or  dentate,  com- 
monly somewhat  pubescent  above;  drupe  glo- 
bose-ovoid, blue,  4"  in  diameter,  its  stone 
similar  to  that  of  V.  dentatum. 

IC.istcrn  Massachusetts  to  Nlw  Jersey,  near 
the  coast,  south  to  IHorida  and  Texas.  Said  to 
bloom  later  than  I',  denlalum. 


8.   Virburnum    Dernetrionis   Deane 

&  Robinson.    Detnetrio's  Viburnum. 

(Fig.  3441  •) 

I'ihiirnuvi   llemelrionis  Deanc   &   F   "''uson, 
Hot.  C.iiz.  22:  167.  />/.  S.      iSy6. 

A  shrub  about  12°  high,  the  older  twigs  ash 
gray,  or  at  length  grayish  black  and  rough 
with  leiiticels,  the  bark  exfoliating.  Ihid- 
scales  acutish,  ciliolate;  leaves  broadly  ovate 
or  nearly  orbicular,  short-acuminate  at  the 
apex,  cordate  or  truncate  at  the  base,  3'-5' 
long,  coarsely  dentate,  glabrous  and  bright 
green  above,  soft-pubescent  and  paler  be- 
neath, some  of  the  pubescence  stellate;  peti- 
oles S'^-zo"  long,  channeled;  stipules  linear- 
filiform,  2"-$"  long;  cymes  terminal,  pcdun- 
cled,  4-7-rayed,  glandular-pubcrulent;  calyx- 
teeth  ciliatc;  drupe  oblong,  obtuse  at  both 
ends,  about  5"  long  and  2,'-^"  broad,  much 
flattened,  with  2  grooves  when  dry. 

ItlulTs,  Henton  Co.,  Missouri.     Flowers  not  seen  nor]described. 


232  CArRIl'OLIACl'AIv. 

9.    Viburnum  cassinoidet    I<.    Withe-rod. 


[Vol,.  III. 


\l>palacliiaii  Tea.     ( l'"ig.  3442.) 

I  'i/mriittm  (ViAv/Hi)/(/c,t  I,.  Sp.  I'l.  IM. 


liuu's  rounded  al  the  l>asc,  acute 
or  lilunt-ai'uiuinatc  at  tlic  apex, 
i'-y  loiik'.  ni'tiorally  i-riMuilate, 
rarely  entire,  j^l.ihrous  or  very 
nearly  so  on  liolli  sides;  pedun- 
cle shorter  than  or  eiiuallinj;  the 
CMUC;  drupe  pink,  beconiin;^  dark 
blue,  >;liil)(ise  to  ovoid,  ,>"  ,s"  long; 
stone  rounil  or  oval,  tlattened. 

In   swamps    and    wit    sciil.    Ni  w 
ronndlaiiil   i'<    M:iiiito1>a   and    Mintit- 
snl.i.    New  Jirsry  and  llie  nioniitains 
of  Ncrtli  Carolina.    June-July. 


Viburnum 

Withe-rod 


nudum  L.      Larger 

(I'iS-  .>443-) 
I'ibiirnuvi  iit/dtnii  I,.  Sp.  I'l.  2().s.     I7,s,i. 
Vlhiirinnn  /iiii/iini  var.  cVui /u;//T.  iS:  (',.  V\.  \. 
A.  2:  i.(.     is(i. 

Similar  to  the  preceding;  species,  but  usu- 
ally a  larj^er  shrub,  sometimes  15°  high. 
Leaves  oval,  oval-lanceolate,  or  obovate,  en- 
tire or  obscurely  crenulate,  mostly  larger 
(sometimes  9'  long),  narrowed  at  the  base, 
acute  or  obtuse  at  the  ape.x,  more  promi- 
nently veined,  sometimes  scurfy  on  the  ujiper 
surface;  peduncle  ecjualling  or  exceeding  the 
cyme. 

In  swamps.  I,on)f  Island  (o  I'lorida,  wist  to 
Kentucky  and  Louisiana.  lilounis  a  little  later 
than  the  precediiiK  species. 


II.    Viburnum  Lentago  t,. 

Nanny-berry.    Sheep-berry.    Sweet 
Viburmun.     (Fig.  3444.) 

I'ibionuni  I.cnlaf;«  I..  Sp.  PI.  268.     1753. 

A  shrub,  or  often  a  small  tree,  some- 
times 30°  high,  and  with  a  trunk  di- 
ameter of   10'.     Winter  buds  acuminate, 


bic  foot.    I'ruil  sweet,  edible.    JIay. 


broad;  drupes  oval,  bluish-black  with  a 
bloom,  $"-6"  long;  stone  very  flat,  circu- 
lar or  oval. 

In  rich  soil,  Hudson  l!ay  to  Manitoba,  south 
to  New  Jersey,  aloUK  the  AUeKlianies  to  Geor- 
K:ia,  and  to  Indiana  and    Missouri.     Wood 
orange-brown,  hard;  weinht  45  lbs.  to  the  cu- 
Fruit  ripeju'Oetober.    Called  also  Nanny-lnibh,  Ulaek  Thorn. 


lS3. 

poine- 
ili- 
Siiate, 
in-ate, 
kiuiite 
Is  on 
lucent 
I  often 

-12' 

U'-.s' 

lith  a 
fcircu- 

pouth 
r>for- 
l^ood 
|e  cii- 
llioru. 


Vor,.  III.]  IIONI'YSrCKLI';    I'AMII.Y. 

12.  Viburnum  prunifolium  L.    ]51ack  H;uv.    vStag-bush 

I'ihiDiuiiii  priiiiit\>liiim  I,.  Sp.  I'l.  26.S.     1753. 

A  shrill)  or  small  tree  somewhat  similar  to 
the  prccciling  species;  hut  the  winter  buds 
snialliT,  less  acute,  olleii  rciUlisli-iuibescent. 
Leaves  shortcrpclioled,  ovale  or  broadly 
oval,  obtuse  or  acutish  but  not  acuminate  at 
the  apex,  narrowed  or  roundeil  at  the  base, 
l'-3'lonn,  finely  serrulate,  ^I'lbrous  or  nearly 
so;  petioles  rarely  margined;  cyme  sessile, 
several-rayed,  2' -4'  br()a<l;  dru])e  oval,  blu- 
ish-black and  glaucous,  .("-.s"  lonj^;  stone 
very  flat  on  one  side,  slightly  convex  on  the 
other,  oval. 

In  dry  si)il,  Conncctieiit  In  I'lurida,  wi -t  to 
MicliiKati,  Kansas  and  Texas.  WcukI  li:iid,  ud- 
disli  brouii;  Wfittlil  prr  cubir  I'diil  S-' His.  Aptil- 
Jinii-.    I'ruilripi-  in  Sepuinlu  r.  swrct  anil  cdibU-. 

Viburnum  prunifolium  globosum  N',i-.|i,  Hull.  Turr. 
Clul),  20:  70.      I.S,;. 
Drupe  Kl'ibosc,  about  ,V   >n  (liainitet;   cymes 
snialK  r;    fli>wers  expanding  bcfdic   llic  leaves. 
New  Jersey  and  eastern  reniisylvania. 


.,/. 


£A 


13.  Viburnum  rufotomentosum  vSmall. 
Southern  Black  Haw.     (Fig.  3446.) 

I '1  hill  II II  III  fiiiini  folium  var.  /'iii  iii^iiiiiiin  T.  vS: 
('..  I'l.  N.  .\.  2:  15.  ih.(i.  Not  I'./ei  I  Illinium 
Kal'.     iS_5S. 

I'iliiii iiiiiii  rii/(i/ii>ii/'ii/i>stim  Small,  Hull.  Torr. 
Club,  23:  410.     iS(/i. 

A  small  tree,   becoming  20°  liiKh.     Leaves 

elliptic  to  obovate,  mostly  obtuse  at  the  apex, 

finely  and  sharply  serrate  or  serrulate,  narrowed 

or  obtuse  at  the  base,  the  veins  brown-tonien- 

tose  beneath;    petioles  ,^"-,S"    long,   winged, 

brown-tonientose;  cymes  large,  sessile,  or  verj- 

short-peduncled,  the  principal  rays  3-5,  mostly 


"V  v,w  Iv   V  'M       V      V\     \^'-— I  orown-iomeuiose;  cymes  large,  sessiic,  or  verj' 

V.  \  l\  f    I    i'/      >-J^^'n         >■  short-peduncled,  the  principal  rays 3-5,  mostly 

\           Alljr     '  /|         •'^'•y '"  H  flowers  3"-3,'."  broad;   drupe  oval,  5'''-7" 

kA      \)f.M'V    Y     '     — "^''l'   "  long,  blue  with  a  bloom;  seed  nearly  orbicular, 

^'^'^a^  \l'''\^       >'  \Vl^-*vi'*''/rf?i''wV<'''-  '"    wiiods    and    lliiekets,   Virniiiia   t<i    Illinois, 

....^^         \|                  ^VJ,V^\',;T«l?'',JTtlr;,,  I'lotida  and  Teviis.      Ascends  l.>  ,vs.»i  fl.  in  \'ir- 

^.'"''-- __^\|               "^i^   I  ]  K,   \  w/'' ■  '-"i'  ginia.     .\pril-May.     I'mil  ripe  .Vut;.  Sept. 


'f  F. 


14. 


Viburnum  obovatum  Walt. 
Viburnum.     (I'ig.  3447.) 


vSmall 


I'ihuniiiin  ohovaliiiii  Walt.  I'M.  Car.  iiii.     17SS. 

A  shrnb,  2°-S°  high,  the  twigs,  petioles  and 
rays  of  the  cyme  slightly  pubescent,  or  at  length 
glabrate.  Leaves  obovate,  oblanceolate  or  spat- 
ulate,  obtuse  or  rctuse  at  the  apex,  -  lort-peti- 
oled,  glabrous  or  very  nearly  so  on  both  sides, 
entire,  or  obscurely  crenatc  toward  the  apex, 
small,  yi'~\yi'  long;  cymes  sessile,  ^-.s-rayed, 
i'-2'  broad;  drupe  oval,  black,  3"-4"  long; 
stoue  lenticular,  slightly  furrowed  on  both  sides. 

Ill  .swamps  and  along  streams,  Virginia  (accord- 
ing to  Gray )  to  Florida  near  the  coast.     .\pril-May. 


334 


CM'RIl'OIJACKAi;. 


[V()I<.  III. 


3.    TRIOSTEUM  h.  Sp.  PI.  176.     175;,. 

Perentiinl  licrl)s,  witli  simple  ItTfte  stems  aiul  opposite  coiiiiatc-perfoliate  or  sessile  leaves 
narrowed  below  the  middle.  I'lowers  axillary,  perfect,  solitary  or  clustered,  sessile,  yellow- 
ish, Kreen,  or  ])urplish,  2-l)racted.  Calyx-luhe  ovoid,  its  limb  .s-lohed,  the  lohes  eloiiKated, 
persistent  and  soiiietiines  foliaccous  in  our  species.  (JoroUatuhe  narrow  or  campanulate, 
gibbous  at  the  has;-,  the  limb  obliipie,  uneipially  lobed.  Stamens  5.  inserted  on  the  corolla- 
tube;  fdaniciits  very  short;  anthers  linear,  inclndeil.  Ovary  .v  5-celled;  ovules  i  in  each 
cavity;  style  filiform;  stijjnia  3-5  lobed.  I)ru])e  coriaceous,  oranjjc  or  red,  enclosinj;  2-3 
(tarely  .^-5)  i-seeilcd  nutlets.  I'lndospcrni  fleshy;  embryo  miiuiic.  [Cireek,  Ihree-boiic, 
from  the  3  bony  nutlets.] 

I'ivi-  known  species,  tile  fiiUowiiiKof  easterti  Nurtli  .\nicrica,  two  Japanese,  one  Himalayan. 
Leaves  ovate  or  oval;  llowers  pini)lisii,  I.    T.  ptifolialiim. 

Leaves  lanceolate  or  oval-lanceolate;  flowers  yellowish.  2.    /".  aiii;iislt/itliiim. 

I.   Triosteum  perfoliatum  L.      IVver-wort.     IIorse-Gentiaii.     (Fig.  3448. ) 

7'i  iii^lriiiii  pofiiliiiliini  I,.  .Sp.  IM.  176.     17,S,?. 

Stem  erect,  stout,  finely  j^landular-pubes- 
cent,  or  sometimes  hirsute,  2°-4°  hijjli. 
Leaves  ovate  to  broadly  oval,  4'-9'  loiijj,  2'- 
4'  wide,  acute  or  acuminate  at  the  ape.\,  ab- 
ruptly or  gradually  narrowed  at  the  base, 
sessile,  or  connate-perfoliate,  soft-pubescent 
beneath,  somewhat  hairy  above,  the  niarj^iiis 
entire  or  sinuate;  bracts  linear;  corolla  pur- 
plish-brown, 6"- 10''  lonj,',  viscid-pubescent, 
about  the  length  of  thecalyxiobcs;  fdaments 
bearded;  drupe 4"-6"  long,  obovoid-globose, 
orange-red,  densely  and  finely  pubescent; 
nutlets  usually  3. 

In  rich  soil,  Ouebccand  Onliiriolo  Miiniesota, 
soulli     to     .Maljania,     Kenluckv     and     Kansas. 
CalUd  also  I'Vver  root. Wild  or  Wood  Ipecac. Tin- 
kers-weed, Wild  ColTee,  Horse  ( "tin sen ir.  While 
,^i-,  Ckiitian.  .\scends3iiiKil'i,  in  Xiritinia.  May  July. 


2.  Triosteum  angustifolium  L. 

Yellow  or  Narrow-leaved  Horse- 
Gentian.     (Fig.  3449.) 


T>  iosleiini  aiif^usli/olitini  L.  Sp.  I'l. 


>753- 


Resembling  the  preceding  species,  but  the 
stem  slender  and  hirsute-pubescent,  i°-3° 
hi  .  Leaves  lanceolate  or  oval-lanceolate, 
acute  or  acuminate  at  the  apex,  3'-5'  long, 
yi'-xYz'  wide,  rough-pubescent,  tapering  to 
the  sessile  base,  or  the  lower  smaller,  obtuse 
and  spatulate;  corolla  yellowish,  k"--"  long; 
flowers  commonly  solitary  in  the  axils. 

In  rich  soil.  Connecticut  and  Long  Island,  to 
New  Jersey,  Pennsylvania,  Virginia,  .Mabama, 
Illinois  and  Louisiana.     May-.Aug. 

4.    LINNAEA  L.  Sp.  PI.  631.     1753. 

Creeping,  somewhat  woody  herbs,  with  opposite  evergreen  petioled  obovate  or  orbicular 
leaves,  and  perfect  pink  or  purplish  flowers  borne  in  pairs  at  the  summit  of  elongated  ter- 
minal peduncles.  Calyx-tube  ovoid,  the  limb  5-lobed.  Corolla  tubular-campanulate,  regu- 
lar, 5-lobcd,  the  lobes  imbricate.  Stamens  4,  in.serted  near  the  base  of  the  corolla-tube,  didy- 
namous,  included.  Ovary  3-celled,  2  of  the  cavities  with  several  abortive  ovules,  the  other 
with  I  perfect  pendulous  ovule.  I'ruit  nearly  globose,  3-celled,  2  of  the  cells  empty,  '.he 
other  with  a  single  oblong  seed.  Kndosperm  fleshy;  embryo  cylindric.  [Named  by  Grouo- 
viusfor  Linn;uus,  with  whom  the  plant  was  a  favorite.] 

A  nioaotypic  genus  of  the  north  te  nperate  /.one. 


Vor..  III.] 


nONHVSUCKLK   I'AMII.Y. 


J 


A. 


//■ 


Irliicular 
ktcd  ter- 
|e,  rcgu- 
le,  (lidy- 
le  oilier 
bly,  Uie 
iGroiio- 


I,    Linnaea  bore^lis  I.,.     Twin-flower. 
Ground-vine.     (Kig.  ,,450.) 

l.itiiiaca  hn  rails  I,.  S|i.  I'l.  6,v. 


17,S,!- 


Itraiiclit's  slender,  slinlilly  pii'>escent,  trailitiKi 
6'-2°  long.  Petioles  \"-i"  long;  leaves  ob- 
scurely creiiate,  thick,  ;,"-!()"  wide,  sometimes 
wider  than  long;  ))eduiicles  slender,  erect,  2- 
hracted  at  the  suniniit,  z-llowered  (or  rarely 
prolifcrously  .i-llowered  1;  pedicels  fditorm,  3"- 
10"  long,  2-l)ractcolate  at  the  summit;  flowers 
nodding,  \"-W  long,  fragrant;  ovary  suhtended 
hy  a  pair  of  ovate  glandular  scales  which  are 
conni  vent  over  the  fruit  or  adnate  to  it. 

Tn  cnUl  woods,  mountains  of  Maryland,  New  Jcr- 
sty,  I.onn  Island,  north  to  Niwfoiinilland,  wust 
throujjli  lirilish  Anicri' a  to  .\laska  and  Vancouver, 
south  to  .MirhiKan,  in  the  Rocky  Moiuitains  to  Colo- 
rado and  in  tin-  Siena  Neva<la  to  California.  Also 
in  norllicrn  Ivuropc  and  .\sia.     Junc-Auj;. 


5.    SYMPHORICARPOS  Jus.s.  Gen.  211.     1789. 

Shrubs,  with  opposite  deciduous  short-petioled  simple  leaves,  and  small  white  or  pink, 
perfect  (lowers,  in  axillary  or  terminal  clusters.  Calyx-tube  nearly  globular,  the  limb  4-5- 
toothed.  Corolla  cam])anulate  or  salverform,  regular,  or  sometimes  gibbons  at  the  base,  4- 
5-lobed,  glabrous  or  pilo.se  in  the  throat;  stamens  4  or  5,  inserted  on  the  corolla.  Ovary 
4celled,  2  of  the  cavities  containing  several  abortive  ovules,  the  other  two  each  with  a  single 
suspended  ovule;  style  fdiforni;  stigma  capitate,  or  2-lobed.  l"rnit  an  ovoid  or  globose  4- 
celled  2sceded  berry.  Seeds  oblong;  endosperm  fleshy;  embryo  minute.  [Greek,  fruit 
borne  together,  from  the  clustered  berries.] 

.\l)out  10  species,  natives  of    North  America  and  the  mountains  of  Mexico.     Known  as  ,St. 
I'etcr's  wort. 
I'ruit  white;  style  Rlabrous. 

Stamens  and  style  included;  clusters  usually  few  flowered. 

IJrect  shnd);  leaves  i'-2'  Ioiir;  clusters  several-flowered.  i. 

Ditfuse  shrub;  leaves  '•'    i'  Ioiik;  clusters  i   2-llowered.  2. 

Stamens  and  style  souiewliat  exserted;  clusters  many  llowered.  ,v 

I'ruitred;  style  bearded.  \\. 


S.  rarcinouis. 
S.  paiiciJJorus. 
S.  occidfiilalis. 
S.  Symplioi  icarpns. 


I,    Symphoricarpos  racemosus  Miclix. 


Snowberry.     (Fig.  3451.) 


Svmf>liorirarf>os 
Kl.  Jior.  Am.  i: 


raceiiiosiis    Michx. 

107.     1S1J3. 


planted  and  sometimes  escaped  from  cultivation. 
Sept. 


An  erect  shrub,  °-4°  high,  gla- 
brous or  nearly  so,  the  branches 
slender.  Petioles  about  2"  long; 
leaves  oval,  obtuse  at  each  end, 
sometimes  a  little  pubescent  be- 
neath, I '-2'  long,  entire,  undulate, 
or  those  of  young  shoots  sometimes 
dentate;  axillary  clusters  few-flow- 
ered, the  terminal  one  mostly  in- 
terruptedly spicatc;  corolla  cam- 
panulate,  about  3"  long,  slightly 
gibbous  at  the  base,  bearded  with- 
in; style  glabrous;  stamens  and 
style  included;  berry  snow-white, 
globose,  loosely  cellular,  y-5" 
in  diameter. 


In  rocky  places  and  on  river  shores. 
Nova  Scotia  to  British  Coluuibia.south 
o   Pennsylvania,    Kentucky,  Minne- 
sota and  in   California.      Commonly 
Called  also  Snowdrop-berry,  U);g-plant.    June- 


lACJ'AH. 


[Vol,.  III. 


2.    Symphoricarpos  pauci- 

florus  (  Kohliiiis)   liriltiiii.     I.i\v 

Snowlicrry.      (I'Ik-  ,U52.  ) 

Siiii/>/hi)  inn  />ii\  nicn>insii\  var.  fiitiiti- 
iliiins  KiiMiiiis;  .\,  ('iriiy,  5Ian.  ICd.  5. 

Si  »if>/ii'ii<(ii /'ii'i  ft,iiici/lo> m  liiilton, 
Ml-iu.  Tnir,  Cliil>,  5;  ;os.  i^^t\. 
A  low  sprfiiilitin  tltlVuscly  hritiicliud 
slinil),  6'-i(]'  liij;li.  I.i-aves  liroiully 
oval  to  orl)irulate,  eiilirt',  softly  pu- 
l)fscciit,  especially  aloii).;  the  vi-iiiri, 
lit'ueatli,  6"  12"  loiijj;  llowcrs  2"-3" 
loiijj,  solitary  in  the  tippur  axils  and 
2  or  ;,  ill  tile  terminal  spike;  corolla 
oaiii])amilatc,  ,s-lobeil,  iK-anled  within  ; 
stamens  and  j»lal)rous  style  included; 
herry  oval  when  yoiiii).;,  becoiniiif; 
globose,  white,  2"-;,"  in  iliaineter. 

Ill  roiky  jilaci  s,  (  mtario  and  Wriinmt 
towi'stirii  New  York  and  IN  nii>-ylvaiiia. 
wist  to  Si  ■mil  Dakota,  liritisli  Coluinbia. 
south  in  tlu'  Uoiky  Mountains  to  Colo- 
rado.     June-July. 


3.    Symphoricarpos  occidentalis 

Hook.      Wolf  berry.      (Fig.  3453.) 


Hook.  V\.  lior. 


Syt>if'liorii(iif>os  occidfiilali.s 
Am.  i:  2S5.     1833. 

Similar  to  .S".  ramiiosiis  but  stouter, 
■with  larj^er  leaves  i'-,i'  lonj;,  more  or  less 
pubescent  beneath,  entire,  or  often  nndu- 
late-crenate;  petioles  2"-;,"  lon>,';  axil- 
lary clusters  spicatc,  many-flowered,  6"- 
12"  lon^;;  corolla  campanulatc,  ;/'  long, 
lobcd  to  beyond  the  mi<ldlc;  stamens  and 
glabrous  style  somewhat  cxsertcd;  berry 
nearly  globular,white,  ^"-5"  in  diameter. 

Michigan  and  Mitincsota  to  liritish  Colum- 
bia, Kansas  and  Colorado.      Juni-July. 


t^i) 


1794- 
Fl.    lior. 


MacM. 


4.    Symphoricarpos  Symphori- 
carpos (Iv.)MacM.  Coral-berry.  In- 
dian Currant.     (Fig.  3454.) 

I.oniceta    Symphoricarpos    I,.    Sp.    PI.    17,5. 

"75.V 
5.  orhiiutala  Mocncli,  Metli.  503. 
Symphoricarpos    ■<'iil};arts    Slichx. 

Am,  1:  K16.      1S03. 
Symplioricarpos     Symphoricarpos 
'  Hull.  Torn  Club,  19:  15.     1892. 

A  shrub,  2°-$°  high,  the  branches  erect 
or  ascending,  purplish,  usually  pubescent. 
Petioles  1  "-2"  long;  leaves  oval  or  ovate, 
entire  or  undulate,  mostly  obtuse  at  each 
end,  glabrous  or  nearly  so  above,  usually 
soft-pubescent  beneath,  i'-i|^' long;  clus- 
ters dense,  inany-flowered,  at  length  spi- 
cate,  shorter  than  the  leaves;  corolla 
campanulate,  sparingly  pubescent  within, 
pinkish,  about  2"  long;  style  bearded;  sta- 
mens included;  berry  purplish  red,  ovoid-globose,  i|4'"-2"  long. 

.\long  rivers  and  in  rooky  places,  banks  of  the  Delaware  in  New  Jersey  and  Pennsylvania,  west 
to  western  New  York  and  Dakota,  and  south  to  Georgia  and  Texas.  Also  sparingly  escaped  from 
cultivation  farther  east.     Fruit  persistent  after  the  leaves  have  fallen.     July. 


Vol..  III.] 


'\.    lior. 
SlacM. 

hs  erect 
Icscent. 
•  ovate, 
kt  each 
jiisually 
chis- 
Jtb  spi- 
IcoroUa 
vithin, 
ed ;  sta- 

Sa,  west 
bd  from 


HONIvYSrCKI,!-:   rAMII.Y. 
6.    LONl'CERA  L.  Sp.  PI.  173.      175;,. 


237 


ICrect  or  clitiibiiiK  shrubs,  with  opposite  mostly  entire  leaves;  flowers  spiratc,  capitate 
or  neiiiiiiatc,  usually  soinewhat  irregular.  Calyx-tube  ovoid  or  ui'arly  ^;Iobular,  the  limb 
sliiilitly  s-toothed.  Corolla  tubular,  funnelform,  or  cainpatiulute,  often  j^ibbous  at  the  base, 
the  limb  globed,  inorc  or  less  obli(iue,  or  J  lipped.  Stamens  5,  inserted  on  the  tube  of  tlie 
corolla;  anthers  linear  or  obloiifj.  (Jvary  .'-^celled;  ovules  numerous  in  each  cavity,  pen- 
dulous; style  slender;  stigma  capitate.  Rerry  fleshy,  2-,^-celled  or  rarely  l-celled,  fe'"- 
seeded.  Seeds  ovoid  or  oblonj;  with  lleshy  endosperm  and  a  terete  embryo.  [Named  for 
Adam  I.otiit/.er,  l52S-i5Sr),  a  Cernuin  botanist.] 

About  icH)  spii'iis,  natives  of  the  north  temperate  /one,  a  few  in  trnpic.il  reyions,  besides  the 
following',  some  >S  dlhi  rs  dcciii  in  the  western  parts  (il  Ninth  .\mcriea. 

:!-    Chnibing  or  trailing  vineii;  flowers  in  heads,  or  interrupted  spilces;  upper  leaves  connate-perfoliate. 

Ciircilla  -'lipped,  the  upper  lip  4  lobed,  the  lower  entire. 

Corcilla  (flibidus  within.  1.    f..  Ciif>>i/i>liii»i . 

Ciitiilla  puheseent  witliin. 

Leaves  |iiil)esei  lit,  .It  least  beneath;  eiirnlla  yellow. 

I.erves  pubeseiiit  iiii  both  sides,  at  least  when  youiip,  eiliate;  corolla  sli(;htly  Ribbous 

at  base.  j.   A.  Iiii^iilti. 

Leaves  ulabrous  above,  pubescent  beneath;  corolla  tube  strongly  jjilibdus  at  the  liase, 

.(.  A.  i;liiinfsit'ns. 
Leaves  glabrous  on  both  sides,  very  glaucuus  beni  ath. 
Corolla  jjreeliish  yellow,  the  tube  sciinewhal  niblious. 

Corolla  tube  i,"   ,s"  hmv.';  filaments  hirsute  at  the  base.  \.    I.,  ilioica. 

Corolla  tilbi  ,s"   7"  lonn;  lilameiits  nearly  Klabrous  5.   I..  Siillii'anlii. 

Corolla  bright  y< How  or  oraiitre,  its  slender  lube  not  Kiblious,  o.  /,.  fl,t:t]. 

Coidlla  tubular,  the  short  limb  nearly  e<iu;illy  5-lolii.d,  7,   A.  s:  iii/irrtin'it.s. 

'X-   -!-'-  Climbing  vines;  flowers  in  pairs  on  short  axillary  peduncles. 

S.   A.  laf'Kiiiia. 
■','.■  ■',!   -X-  Shrubs;  flowers  in  pairs  on  axillary  bracted  peduncles. 

braets  (if  the  peduncle  subulate,  linear,  minute,  or  none. 
Leaves  r.irely  eiirdate.  mure  or  less  pubeseent.  or  eiliate. 

Leaves  pale,  or  Klaucoiis,  thiek.  stroajfly  reticulate  veined, 

reduncles  shorter  than  the  Mowers;  fruit  blue;  leaves  eili.ate. 
IVduneles  eiiualliuK  the  (liiwirs;  fruit  red;  leaves  not  eiliate. 
Leaves  briRlit  Kieen,  thin,  ciliati,  not  strongly  reticulate;  fruit  reil. 
Leaves  jiale,  densely  pubeseent  beneath,  even  when  old. 
Leaves  eordati;,  glabrous, 
bracts  of  the  peduncle  broad,  foliaccous. 


9.  A.  Citii  ii/ra. 

III.  A.  ohlmii^i/i'lia. 

II.  /,.  ( ilidla. 

1 1.  I..  XvUnleum. 

i,V  /..  Talaiica. 

14.  /..  inioliicrala. 


1.   Lonicera  Caprifolium  L.    Italian,  or  Perfoli,ite  Honeysuckle.    (Fig.  ,^455.) 


]..  Cafi)  ifolium  L.  Sp.  PL  I7,v     I7S,V 
Lonicna   t;iata   .Ait.    Hort.    Kew.  i: 

2,V.         1789. 

Ciipi  i/nliiim  i^'ia/tim  Pursh,  IM.  Am, 
Sept,  161.      '1814. 

Climbing  high, jilabrous  and  some- 
what glaucous.  Upper  one  to  three 
pairs  of  leaves  connhle-perfoliate, 
glaucous  beneath,  the  others  sessile 
or  short-petiolcd,  oval  or  obovate, 
all  rounded  at  the  base,  entire; 
flowers  in  terminal  capitate  sessile 
clusters;  corolla  glabrous  within, 
I '-1/4'  long,  purple  without,  the 
limb  white  within,  strongly  2- 
lipped;  upper  lip  4-lobed,  the  lower 
one  narrow,  reflexed;  tube  slightly 
curved,  not  gibbous;  stamens  and 
style  much  cxserted;  berries  red. 

Thickets,  southern  New  York,  New 
Jersey  and  Pennsylvania  to  Michigan 
and  in  the  southern  States.  Escaped 
from  ■■•vation  and  naturalized.  Na- 
tive 1  irope.  Called  also  American, 
or  Ft  ^    .nt  Woodbine.    May-June. 


I 


838 


CArRIl'OI.IACI'Ai:. 


[V.ii,.  III. 


cera  hirsuta  liatoii. 


Hairy  IIoiicysiKklc.     (l''i>;.  345f>. ) 

/.    hiisiitii  i;alnti,  Mall.  VA.  j,  jc.;.     imS. 

Twilling,  llu-  liriimiu's  liirsuti'-piilics- 
cent.  rp]iiT  (iiic  <ir  two  pairs  ol  ItJives 
comiali'-pcrfiiliati',  Ihi;  otlicrs  oval  or 
ovati.',  sliort-pi'tiolnl  or  sfH^ilc,  sollly  pu- 
l)csi'ciit  liciRMlli.  ilaik  nrrcii  aliil  apprcss- 
cd  pnl)esi-etil  aliovf,  cilialf,  ulilusf  or 
olitiisisli  at  llii'apcx,  roiimli'd  or  iiarrowcil 
at  llic  li.isi-,  3'  },'<'  loiin;  llowiTS  vi-r- 
ticillatc  ill  short  tcriniiial  iiilcniipti-il 
spikes;  comlla  piiUi'src-iit  within,  almnt 
1'  \onii,  viscicl-piihfscont  witlioul,  oraiine- 
\clh)\v,  the  tiihc  slfiKhr.  sotiii'wlial  v;ih- 
hous  at  tho  hase.  tlif  limb  slroiinly  2-lip- 
jii'd,  alioulas  hm;;  as Ihf  tiilic;  stamens  ainl 
style  exscrti'd.  lil.iiiifuts  hirstiti-  hidow. 

Ill  wiKidlaiiiN,  \'riiM(i|it  and  lliitaiio  to 
Matiitoha,  rtiiiisvlvaiiia.  ( ihiciatid  Mii  liii;an. 
Called  alsn  Kimuli  Wiindbiiu-.    June  July. 


3.    Lonicera  glaucescens  Rydl). 
Doii).;la.s'  Iloiieystickle.    (ViK-  M57-) 

/.(iiiiii/ii  /'.'Hi,'/(;v//  lIcKik.  I'M.  I!i>r.  Ani.  I:  jSj. 

|8,^!.  Si>li\i/ti  i/,i/iiiin/),iiij^lii\ii  l.uu\.  iSjo. 

Lonuent  glautencnis  Rydb.  Hull.  Torr.  Club, 

Similar  to  the  ])reecdin}»  species,  the 
branches  glabrous.  Leaves  glabrous  above, 
pubescent,  at  least  on  the  veins,  beneath, 
iyi'-2'  long,  cliartaceons-niargined,  not  cil- 
iatc,  usually  only  the  upper  pair  connate- 
perfoliate;  flowers  verticillate  in  a  short 
terminal  interrupted  spike;  corolla  yellow, 
changing  to  reddish,  pubescent  or  puberu- 
lent  without,  pubescent  within,  1'  long,  or 
less,  the  tube  rather  strongly  gibbous  at 
the  base,  the  2- lipped  limb  shorter  than  the 
tube;  stamens  nearly  glabrous,  or  somewhat 
puljcscent;  style  hirsute;  both  exserted. 

Ontario  to  Saskatchewan,  Penn.sylvania, 
Ohio  and  Nebraska.      May-June. 


tains  to 
leaves  o 


North  Carolina,  and  to  Ohio  and  Michigan 

f  young  shoots  are  sometimes  connate-perfoliate 


4.   Lonicera   didica   I,.     Smooth- 
^       leaved  or  Glaucous  Honeysuckle. 
(Fig.  3458.) 

Lonicera  dioica  I,.  Syst.  l''d.  12,  165.  \~(^~. 
/..  glauca  Hill,  Ilort.  Kew.  446.  />/.  iS.  1769. 
I.,  parviflora  I,am.  Ivncycl.  i:  72S.     i7S,v 

Glabrons  throughout,  twining  or  shrub- 
by, 3°-io°  long.  Leaves  very  glaucous 
Ijcncath,  lYi'-},'  long,  the  upper  connate- 
perfoliate,  oval,  obtuse,  the  lower  sessile 
or  short-petioled,  narrower;  flowers  sev- 
eral ill  a  terminal  cluster,  yellowish  green 
and  tinged  with  purple,  glabrous  without, 
pubescent  within,  the  tube  :s"-V  lo"K, 
gibbous  at  the  base,  scarcely  longer  than 
the  2-lipped  limb;  stamens  hirsute  telow, 
exserted  with  the  style;  berries  red,  3"- 
4"  in  diameter. 

In  rocky  and  usually  dry  situations,  Quebec 

to  Manitoba, south, especially  alongthemoun- 

Ascends  to  3,500  ft.  in  North  Carolina.    All  the 

Small  Vellow  Honeysuckle.    May-June. 


Vol..  HI.] 


HONKYSl'CK  I,  i;    I'A M I I<V. 


»39 


5.  Loniccra  Sullivantii  A.  dray. 

SulUvaiit's  IIoiK'ysuckle. 

(I'lK-  3459.) 


botli- 
de. 

1767. 
1 1769. 
r.v 

lirub- 
Icous 
Biate- 
Issile 

I  sev- 
Ireen 
liout, 
loug, 
Ithan 
|lo\v, 

I"- 

lebec 
loun- 

II  tlie 
lune. 


l.oiiicein  SulUiiinlii  A. 
AiMcl.  19:  76.     lH.Sj. 


Ciniy,  rriic.  Atiiir. 


Simitar  to  tlie  pri'cc'iliiijj  species,  vt-ry 
(glaucous.  I.i'iivcs  oval  or  oliovato,  ulau- 
coiis  and  cotniiioiily  i)iiliisi'i-iit  liciiiMtli, 
ol)tusf;  llowtTS  larger  tliaii  Ihosu  of  lliu 
pri.'i'»'iliin{  species,  the  tul>e  S"-""  loiij{, 
slij,'Iilly  exceeilillK  tlie  liilll),  pale  jellow ; 
stamens  usually  nearly  j;lal)rous;  fruit 
yellow,  3"  in  diameter. 

Ill  wiMidlands,  Tiiimssi'e,  Ohio  and  west- 
ern (iiitario  I  ';  to  Wisconsin  ami  M.inituliu. 
May  June. 


6. 


■W  h 


Lonicera  fl^va  Sims.     Yellow  Iloiiey- 

.stickle.     (  \'\s^.  3460. ) 
/.I'lii'teni  r/ii:ii  S\m^.  I!ot.  Mat;. />/.  'i'^-       if^u>. 

Twining  to  a  lieJglit  of  several  feet,  or  trailing, 
glabrous.  Leaves  broadly  oval,  or  cllipti( ,  entire, 
obtuse  at  the  apex,  narroweil  or  rounded  at  the 
base,  short-petioled,  or  the  upper  sessile,  ^ree'.i 
above,  j^laucons  beneath,  the  pairs  siibteiulin)^  (low- 
ers coiinatc-perfoliate;  (lowers  bright  orange-yel- 
low, fragrant,  in  a  terminal  interrupted  spike; 
corolla  I'-i^'j'  long,  the  slender  tube  puliesceiil 
above  within,  not  gibbous  at  the  bise,  the  linil' 
strongly  2  lipped,  about  half  as  lon^;  as  li:-  tu.':, 
filaments  and  style  glabrous,  cxserted;  fruit  ahu,;t 
3"  in  diameter. 

North  Carolina  to  Kentucky,  Ocorgia  and  .MaUania. 
April  May. 


7.  Lonicera  sempervirens  L. 

Trumpet  or  Coral  Hotiey.suckle. 

(Fig.  3461.) 

/.onicera  sentfirn'hriis  T..  Up.  PI.  173.     1753. 

Glabrous,  high  climbing,  evergreen  in  the 
South.  Leaves  oval,  obtuse,  a'-,^'  Iohk,  or  the 
lower  ones  smaller,  narrower  and  acutish,  the  up- 
per pairs  connate-perfoliolale,  all  conspicuously 
glaucous  and  sometimes  slightly  pubescent  be- 
neath, dark  green  above;  flowers  verticillate  iu 
terminal  interrupted  spikes;  corolla  scarlet  or 
yellow,  I'-il'i'  long,  j,'labrou9,  the  tube  narrow, 
slightly  expanded  above,  the  limb  short  and 
nearly  regular;  stamens  and  style  scarcely  ex- 
serted;  berries  scarlet,  about  3"  in  diameter. 

In  low  grrounds,  or  on  hillsides,  Connecticut  to 
Florida,  west  to  Nebraska  and  Texas.    April-Sept. 


240 


CAPRIFOIJACRAi;. 


[VoK.  III. 


8.    Lonicera  Japonica  Thiinl). 

Japanese  or  Chinese  Honeysuckle. 

(FiK-  :,4^'2-  ) 

J.itiiitrra  Jafioiiiia  Tluitili.  I'l.  Jaj)  S.i.  17:^1. 
I'lihesceiit,  cliiiiliiiif^  liinli  or  trailiiij;. 
Leaves  all  sliort-putiolcil,  ovate,  entire,  i  '- 
'1'  loiij;,  acute  at  the  apex,  roiitided  at  the 
base,  (lark  green  and  },'Iat)rous  above,  pale 
and  usiially  sparingly  pubescent  beneath; 
flowers  in  pairs  from  the  upper  axils,  pe- 
duticlcd,  leafy-bracteil  at  the  base,  white  or 
])ilik,  fading  to  yellow,  jmbesi'ent  without, 
the  tube  nearly  1'  long,  longer  than  the 
strongly  2-lippcd  limb;  stamens  and  style 
cxscrtcd;  berries  black,;, "-4"  in  diameter. 

I'reely  t-scaped  frnin  cultivatinn,  smitlurn 
Niw  York  ami  I'l  iiiisy!vaiiia  tn  NdUli  Caro- 
biia  and  Wl-sI  \'iri;iiii...  .Natiirali/nl  from 
caslLMU  A>ia.     Junt  -.\UK. 


9.    Lonicera  coerulea  L.     IJhie  or 

Mountain  Fly-lioneysnekle. 

(Fig.  3463.) 

Lo)ii,iia  coerulea  I,.  .Sp.  I'l.  174.      175.1. 

l:rcct,  shrubby,  i"-,;°  high,  the  twigs  some- 
times slightly  pubescent.  I<eaves  oval  or 
obovatc,  \''\)2  long,  very  obtuse  at  the 
apex,  rounded  or  narrowed  at  the  base,  thick, 
conspicuously  reticulate  veined,  pale  .lud 
more  or  less  pubescent  beneath,  glabrous 
above,  at  least  when  mature,  ciliate  on  the 
margins;  flowers  in  pairs  in  the  axils,  short- 
pediincled,  subulatc-bracted,  yellow,  6"-S" 
long,  corolla  pubescent,  or  glabrate,  the  tube 
gibbous  at  the  base,  the  liml)  nearly  regular, 
its  lobes  oblong,  equalling  or  slightly"  exceed- 
ing the  tube;  ovaries  of  the  two  flowers  be- 
coming united  and  forming  an  obloiig  or 
nearly  globose,  bluish-black  2-eyed  berry, 
about  2]z"  in  diameter. 

In  low  grounds.  NVwI'oundlaiul  to  .Maska,  south  to  Rhode  Island,  rcnnsylvatii.i, Wisconsin  and 
California.     .-Mso  in  IJurope  and  .Vsia.      June. 

10.    Lonicera  oblongifdlia 

(Goldie)  Hook.     Swamp  F'ly- 
Honey suckle.    (F'ig.  3464.  i 

.XvlKslciim  «hli<iif;i/,>liii»i  (■■oldie.  ICdinb. 

riiil.  Journ.  6:  ,52^      IS:?2. 
/.("iiiriii    ohIoiiQi/iilia    Hook.    l"l.    Hor. 

.\in.  I:  28.J.     />/.  nw.      \^i},. 

Similar  to  the  preceding  species. 
Leaves  oval-oblong,  l'-2'  long,  rcticii- 
late-veined,  glabrous  or  nearly  so  on 
both  sides  when  mature,  downy-pu- 
bescent when  young,  not  ciliate;  flow- 
ers in  pairs  on  long  slender  peduncles; 
corolla  yellow,  or  purplish  within,  S"- 
y"  long,  gibbous  at  the  base,  deeply 
3-lipped;  bracts  at  the  sunnnit  of  the 
peduncle  minute  or  none;  ovaries  re- 
maining distinct,  or  bcconiing  more  or 
less  united,  the  berries  red  or  crimson. 

In  swamps,  yuebcc  to  Manitoba,  south 
to  Vermont,  New  York,  Pennsylvania  and 
Michigan,      May-June. 


Vol,.  III.] 


HONRVSrCKM'    FAMILY. 


241 


F 


f 


^64.  ) 
,  icaiiib. 

I'M.    Uor. 

I  species. 

i,  rclicu- 
lly  SO  on 
Iwny-pu- 
tte;  flow- 
jdunclcs; 
Ihin,  S" 

ilceply 
Lit  of  Ihc 

hiries  rc- 

inore  or 

Icriinson. 

Iba.  south 
Iraiiiii  ami 


Lonicera  ciliata  Muhl.     American  Fly  Honeysuckle. 

V 1.     1 75,v     Not 
1M.5. 
Shrubby,  3"-5°  hi};h,  tlic  t"iKS  glabrous. 


II. 

I 'a cri II ill  III  nlhiim    I„  Sp.  IM. 

A.  alba  I,. 
I.oniceia  ciliala  Muhl.  Cat.  j',. 


(HiR.  34f'5-) 


I'ctioles  2"~y  lon}5,  very  slender;  leaves 
thin,  bri^^lit  .tjrcen  on  both  sides,  ovate  or 
sonictiines  oval,  acute  or  acutisli  at  the  apex, 
rounded  or  cordate  at  the  base,  villous-pu- 
bescent  beneath  when  youuj;,  glabrous  or 
nearly  so  when  mature,  but  the  margins 
strongly  ciliate;  (lowers  in  pairs  from  the 
axils,  about  S"  long;  peduncles  long-filiform; 
bracts  very  small,  subulate;  corolla-limb 
nearly  regular,  its  lobes  sliort;  berries  sepa- 
rate, ovoid,  liglit  red,  about  ;,"  in  diameter. 

In  niciisl  woixls,  Nova  Scotia  and  New  Ilruns- 
wick  to  Manitoba,  south  to  Connecticut,  riiin 
sylvaiiia  and  .MicliiRau.  .Vsccud'*  to  Jixw  ft.  in 
the  Citskills.     Miiy. 


13.    Lonicera  Tatarica  L. 

Tartarian  Hnsh-IIoneysuckle. 
(I'ig.  346 7.) 
l.oiiicvia  I'ataiica  I,.  Sp.  I'l.  17,1.      I7,s.5. 

A  glabrous  shrub,  .s'-to"  high.     Leaves 
ovale,  rather  thin,  not  conspicuously  rclic- 
idate-veiued,  I'-j'  long,  acute  or  obtusish  at 
the  apex,  cordate  at  the  base,  not  ciliate; 
\  tlowers  in  pairs  on  .slender  axillary  pedun- 

cles; corolla  pink  to  white,  ""-S"  long.the 
lube  gibbous  at  the  base,  the  limb  irregu- 
larly and  deeply  5-lobed,  somewhat  2-lipped; 
peduncles  \'  long;  bracts  linear,  sometimes 
as  long  as  the  corolla-tube;  stamens  and  style 
scarcely  exserted;  berries  separate,  red. 

ICscapid  fr<Mn  cultivation,  Ontario  and  Ver- 
mont to  southern  New  York,  Now  Jersey  and 
Kentucky.     May.     Native  of  Asia. 


12.    Lonicera  Xylosteum  L.     Tly 

Honeysuckle.     ( I""i^.  3466.) 

/."iiiceia  .\y/(><:/iiiiii  I,.  Sp.  I'!.  174.     175.; 

.\  shrub,  3^-7""  high,  the  foliage  densely  ap- 
pressed-pubescent  when  young.  Leaves  ovate, 
oval,  or  obovatc,  entire,  short-petiolcd,  rather 
pale  green,  obtuse,  or  the  up])er  acute  at  the 
apex,  obtuse,  subcordate  or  narrowed  at  the 
base,  glabrous  above  when  mature  persistently 
pubescent  beneath,  i '-3' long;  j>ctioles  2"-4" 
long;  peduncles  axillary,  .^flowered,  4"-S" 
long,  about  as  long  as  the  flowers,  or  longer; 
flowers  yellowish  white;  bracts  linear-subulate; 
berries  scarlet. 

ICsc.ipid  fro-u  iiiltivaliou  in  New  York.  Na- 
tive of  ICiiiopi  iiiul  .\sia.     May  June. 


242 


CAl'RIFOLIACEAE. 


14.  Lonicera  involucrata  (Richards.)  Banks. 

(Fig.  3+6S.) 


[Vol,.  III. 
Iiivolucred  Fly- Honeysuckle. 


Xvlosleuin  inz'oliicialuin  Richards. . Vpp.  Vraiik. 

Jourii.  ICd.  2,  6.     1S23. 
I.iiiiuera  involticrala  Hanks;  Kich.irils.  !oc.  cil. 

J  823. 

A  j^labrale  or  pubescent  shrub,  3°-lo°  hij;li. 
Leaves  sbort-petioled,  ovate,  oval,  or  obovate, 
2'-6'  long,  acute  or  acutiiinale  at  the  apex, 
narrowed  or  rounded  at  the  base,  more  or  less 
pubescent,  at  least  when  young;  peduncles 
axillary,  l'-2'long,  2-3-flowered;  bracts  folia- 
ceous,  ovate  or  oval,  often  cordate;  bractlcts 
also  large,  at  length  surrounding  the  fruit; 
flowers  yellow;  corolla  pubescent,  funnel- 
form,  the  limb  nearly  etjually  5-lobed;  lobes 
short,  little  spreading;  stamens  and  style 
slightly  cxsertcd;  berries  separate,  globose,  or 
oval,  nearly  black,  about  4"  in  diameter. 

In  woodlands,  Ouebcc  to  western  Ontario  and 
5Iicliij;an,  wist  to  Urilish  Columbia  and  Alaska, 
south  to  Arizona,  Utah  and  California.  June- 
July. 

7.    DIERVILLA  Moench,  Metli.  492.     1794. 

Shrubs,  with  opposite  leaves,  and  yellow  axillary  and  terminal  cyniose  or  solitary  flow- 
ers. Calyx-tube  slender,  elongated,  narrowed  below,  the  limb  with  5  linear  persistent  lobes. 
Corolla  narrowly  funuelt'orni,  the  tube  slightly  gibbous  at  the  base,  the  limb  nearly  regular, 
5-lobcd.  Stamens  5,  inserted  on  the  corolla;  anthers  linear.  Ovary  2-eclled;  ovules  numer- 
ous in  each  cavity;  style  61iform;  stigma  capitate.  Fruit  a  liuear-obloiig  capsule,  narrowed 
or  beaked  at  the  sunmiit,  scpticidally  2-valved,  many-seeded.  Seed  coat  minutely  reticu- 
lated; enilosperm  fleshy;  embryo  minute.  [Named  for  Dr.  Dicrville,  who  brought  the  plant 
to  Tournefort.] 

Two  si)ccics,  till-  foUowiuK  and  oni'  in  the  mountains  of  the  southern  .States.  The  Japanese  and 
Chinese  //V/;'('/iJj,  often  referred  to  this  giMUis,  are  here  regarded  as  distinct. 

I.    Diervilla  Diervilla  (I,.)  MacM. 
Bii.sh  Honeysuckle.     (Fig.  3469.) 

f.oitici'ra  Pic'i:ilhi  I..  Sp.  I'l.  175.  1753. 
Dieirilla  liii'ida  Mnuncli,  Meth.  .(92.  1701. 
n.  Oiciz'illa  MacM.,  Hull.  Torn  Club,  19:  15.  1802. 
\  shrub,  2°-.p'  high,  glabrous  or  nearly  so 
throughout,  with  terete  branches.  Leaves 
short-petioled,  ovate  or  oval,  acuminate  at  the 
apex,  usually  rounded  at  the  base,  2'-$'  long, 
irregularly  crenulate  and  often  slightly  ciliate 
on  the  margins;  peduncles  terminal,  or  in  the 
upper  axils,  slender,  1-5-flowered;  flowers  about 
9"  long;  corolla  more  or  less  pubescent  both 
without  and  within,  regular  or  slightly  irregu- 
lar, 3  of  its  lobes  somewhat  united;  capsule  gla- 
brous, linear-oblong,  slender,  beaked,  crowned 
with  the  persistent  calyx-lobes. 

In  drj-  or  rocky  woodhinils.  Xewfouiidland  to  tlie 
Northwest  Territory,  south  to  North  Carolina  and 
Michigan.     Called  also  Gravel  weed.     May-June. 

Family  36.     ADOXACEAE  Frilscli;  Iviigl.  &  Prantl,  Nat.   Pfl.  Fain.  4: 

Al)t.  4,  170.  1891. 
MosciiATKi,  Family. 
Gla1)rous  slender  herbs,  with  scaly  or  tuberiferous  rootstocks,  basal  and  op- 
posite ternately  conipotnul  leaves,  and  small  green  flowers  in  terminal  capitate 
clusters.  Cah'x-tube  hemispheric,  atlnate  to  the  ovary,  its  limb  2-3-toothed. 
Corolla  rotate,  regular,  4-6-lobed.  Stamens  twice  as  many  as  the  lobes  of  the 
corolla,  inserted  in  pairs  on  its  tube;  fdaments  short;  anthers  peltate,  i-celled. 
Ovary  3-5-celled;  style  3-5-parted;  ovules  i  in  each  cavity,  pendulous.  Fruit 
a  small  drupe  with  3-5-nutlets.     Ivndo.sperm  cartilaginous. 

The  family  contains  only  the  foUowiiiK  nionotypic  genus  of  the  north  temperate  zone. 


Vol..  in.] 


MOSCIIATKIv  FAMILY. 


243 


•  !ind 


i 


1.   ADOXA  L.  Sp.  PI.  367.     1753. 
Characters  of  the  family.     [Greek,  without  glory,  /.  <•.,  iusigtiificaiit.] 


I.  Adoxa  Moschatellina  L.     Miisk- 

root.     Hollow-root.     Moschatel. 

(Fig.  3470.) 

Ai/oxa  Jfosilialellina  I,.  S)).  IM.  367.      175,?. 

Stems  simple,  weak,  erect,  3'-6'  high, 
bearing  a  pair  of  opposite  teriiaie  leaves  usu- 
ally above  the  middle.  Rasal  leaves  1-4, 
long-petioled,  teriiately  compound,  the  seg- 
ments broadly  ovate  or  orbicular,  obtuse, 
thin,  3-cleft  or  3-parted,  the  lobes  obtuse  and 
mucronulate;  head  3,''-^"  in  diameter,  com- 
posed of  3-6  flowers;  corolla  of  the  terminal 
flower  4-5  lobed,  those  of  the  others  usually 
5-6-lobcd,  drupe  green,  bearing  the  persist- 
ent calyx-lobes  above  the  middle. 

In  shaded  rocky  places,  Arctic  .Vnicrica, 
south  to  Iowa  and  Wisconsin  and  in  the  Rocky 
Mountains  to  Colorado.  .Mso  in  northern  ICu- 
rope  and  Asia.  Other  IviikHsIi  nanus  are  Hnl- 
bous  l''uniit(iry,  Glory-less,  Musk  Crowfoot  or 
Wood  Crowfoot.     Odor  nuisky.      May. 


Family  t,-;.     VALERIANACEAE  Batscli,  Tabl.  All  227.       1802. 

Vai.i;ki.\n  I'amii.v. 

Hcrh.s  witli  opposite  leaves,  no  stipules,  and  usually  sin;iU  perfect  or  poly- 
gatno-dioecious  flowers,  in  coryinbed  panicled  or  capitate  cymes.  Calyx-tuhe 
adnate  to  the  ovary,  its  limb  inconspicuous  or  none  in  flower,  often  becoming 
liromiiient  in  fruit.  Corolla  gamopetalou.s,  epigynous,  somewhat  irregular,  its 
tulje  narrowed,  and  .sometimes  gibbous  or  spurred  at  the  l)ase,  its  limb  s])rcad- 
ing,  mostly  5-lol)ed.  Stamens  1-4,  inserted  on  the  corolla  and  alternate  with  its 
lol)es,  usuallj'  exserted.  Ovary  inferior,  i-,^-celled,  one  of  the  cavities  contain- 
ing a  single  anatropons  ovide,  the  others  empty.  Fruit  indehiscent,  drj',  con- 
taining a  single  suspended  .seed.  Kndo.sperm  little  or  none;  embryo  straight; 
cotyledons  oblong. 

AboutqKeneraand  275  species  of  wide  distribntion,  most  ahun<laiu  in  the  tu.  them  hetni sphere. 

Vrnit  I  celled;  persistent  calyx-lobes  l)eenniin(f  awn-like;  tall  herbs.  1.    I'alfi  iiimi. 

Fruit  , (Celled;  calyx-lobes  niiiuite  or  none;  low  heibs.  2.    I'lilei  iaiiitla. 


bn.  4: 


Ind  op- 
lipitate 
lothed. 
lof  the 
celled. 
Fruit 


I.    VALERIANA  h.  Sp.  PI.  31.       1753. 

Perennial  strong-sincUing  mostly  tall  herbs,  the  leaves  mainly  basal  ainl  the  cymose 
flowers  paniculate  in  our  species.  Calyx-limb  of  5-15  bristle-like  plumose  teeth,  short  and 
inrolled  in  flower,  but  elongated,  rolled  outwanl  and  conspicuous  in  fruit.  Corolla  funnel- 
form  or  tubular,  usually  more  or  less  gibbous  at  the  base,  the  limb  nearly  e(iually  ,s-lobcd. 
Stamens  commonly  3.  Style  entire,  or  minutely  2-3-lobeil  at  the  summit.  Fruit  com- 
pressed, I -celled,  I -nerved  on  the  back,  3-nerved  on  the  front.  [Name  Middle  Latin,  from 
vali'ir,  to  be  strong.] 

About  I7,s  species,  mostly  in  the  temperate  and  colder  parts  of  the  north  temperate  zone  and 
""     ■  ■       ■  )ecur  in  southern  and  western  North 


the  Andes  of  SoiUli  .\merica. 
.\nieriea 


Hi  sides  the  followinif,  5  others 


Corolla-tube  very  sleniler,  u"   10"  long;  basal  leaves  cordate.  i. 
Corolla  tube  1  "-3"  Iour;  basal  leaves  not  cordate. 

Leaves  tliick,  |)araiicl  veined,  entire,  or  the  seKinents  not  dentate.  2. 
Leaves  thin,  relienlale-veined,  the  segments  deiUate. 

Lower  leaves  spatul.ite,  often  entire;  plant  Rlabrous.  3. 

All  the  leaves  pinnalely  divided;  plant  pubescent,  especially  »  the  nodes.  4. 


/'.  pane  (flora. 

r.  ediili.t. 

f.  syi'valira. 
y.  i<lficinalis. 


244 


VALl'RIANACHAK. 


[Vol..  III. 


Valeriana  pauciflora  Miclix. 


m, 


Large- flowered  \'alerian.     (Fig.  3471.) 

r. />a II (■(/!(! laTilichx.  V\.  Dor.  Am.  i:  iS.  i8o,v 
Rootstocks  slciuler,  usually  hori/.ontal. 
Stem  glabrous,  erect  or  ascending,  i°-3° 
-  liigli,  often  sending  out  runners  from  the 

base;  leaves  thin,  the  basal  ones  slender- 
petioled,  simple,  or  sometimes  with  a  pair 
of  small  leaflets  on  the  petiole,  broadly 
ovate,  cordate,  acute  at  the  apex,  the  mar- 
gins creiiate  or  dentate;  stem  leaves  pin- 
nately  3-7-divided,  the  terminal  segment 
larger  than  the  others;  cymes  terminal, 
clustered;  flowers  few  or  numerous;  co- 
rolla pink,  its  tube  very  slender,  6"-io" 
long;  bracts  linear;  fruit  obloug  or  oblong- 
lanceolate,  about  3"  long,  glabrous  or 
pubernlent;  bristles  of  the  calyx  at  length 
elongated  and  plumose. 

In  moist  soil.  I'oniisylvatiia  to  West  Vir- 
ginia, Illinois,  Kentucky  and  Missouri.  Call- 
ed also  .\mcricanWild  Valerian.     May  June. 


2.   Valeriana  edulis  Xutt.      Ivdihle 
Valerian.   Tobacco-root.    (Fig.  3472.) 

y.  edulis  NuU.  in  T.  &  (i.  Fl.  N.  A.  2:  48.     1841. 

Erect,  i°-4°  high, from  a  deep  fusiform  car- 
rot-shaped root.  Stem  glabrous,  or  nearly 
so,  the  young  leavc3  commonly  more  or 
less  pubescent  and  the  older  ones  finely  cil- 
iate,  sometimes  glabrous;  basal  leaves  spat- 
iilate  or  oblanceolatc,  thick,  3'- 12'  long, 
2"-io"  wide,  obtuse  at  the  apex,  narrowed 
into  a  margined  petiole,  parallel-veined,  en- 
lire  or  with  a  few  obtuse  entire  lobes;  stem 
leaves  few,  sessile,  pinnately-parted  into 
linear  or  lanceolate  segments;  flowers  yel- 
lowish-white, small  {2")  polj-gamo-dioe- 
cious,  paniculate,  the  inflorescence  at  length 
widely  branching;  bracts  lanceolate,  short; 
fruit  narrowly  ovate,  glabrous  or  nearly  so, 
2"  long,  at  length  exceeded  by  the  plumose  calyx-teeth. 

Ill  wet  open  places,  Ontario  to  liritisli  Columbia,  south  to  Ohio, Wisconsin, 
tains  to  Arizona  and  Xcw  Mexico.    Called  also  Oregon  Tobacco:  the  root  cooked  for  food. 

3.    Valeriana  sylvatica  Baiik.s.     Wood  or  Swamp  Valerian.     (Fig 


Mi?& 


uid  in  the  Rocky  Mount- 
llay-Aus:. 

3473-) 

I'aleiiana    svlfa/ica    Banks;    Richards.    App. 

Frank.  Journ.  I'M.  2,  2.      1823. 
Valeriana  ilioica    I'ursli,    Fl.   Am.    Sejit,   727. 

1S14.     Not  I,.  17,^3. 

Erect,  glabrous  or  very  nearly  so  through- 
out, 8'-2>i°  high.  Rootstocks  creeping  or 
ascending;  basal  leaves  thin,  petioled,  oblong 
or  spatulate,  obtuse,  entire,  or  with  a  few- 
obtuse  lobes,  reticulate-veined,  a'-io'  long, 
3"-iS"  wide;  stem  leaves  2-4  pairs,  petioled, 
pinnately  parted  into  3-13  ovate  to  lanceo- 
late, dentate  or  rarely  entire,  acute  or  obtuse 
segments;  inflorescence  cymosepaniculate, 
at  length  loosely  branched;  flowers  pink  or 
iiearly  white,  3"-4"  long;  bracts  linear-lau- 
ceolate;  fruit  ovate,  glabrous,  lyi"  loug. 

In  wet  soil,  Newfoundland  to  liritisli  Colum- 
bia, south  to  Vermont,  Ne*  .York,  Ontario, 
Michigan  and  in  the  Rocky  Jlountains  to  New 
Mexico  and  Arizona.  Also  in  northeastern  Asia, 
Called  also  American  Wild  Valerian.    May-Augr. 


. 


Vol..  III.] 


V.M.KRI.VN   F.\MILY. 


4.   Valeriana  officinalis  I,. 
Garden  or  Great  Wild  \'alerian. 
Vandal-root.     (Fig.  .3474.) 

Valeriana  (ifficinalis  I<.  S]).  I'l.  ,ji.  17s.}. 
Erect,  2°-5°  hij<b,  more  or  less  piibes- 
cent,  especially  at  the  nodes.  Leaves 
all  piiiuatcly  parted  into  7-25  thin 
reticulate-veined  lanceolate  acute  or 
acuminate  se^nents,  sharply  dentate, 
or  those  of  the  upper  leaves  entire,  usu- 
ally with  some  scattered  hairs  beneath; 
flowers  pink  or  nearly  white,  about  2" 
lonjj;  inflorescence  of  several  rather 
compact  corymbed  cymes;  liracts  linear- 
lanceolate,  rather  large;  fruit  glabrous, 
ovate,  about  I,' 2"  long. 

ICscaped  from  frardctis  to  roadsides  in 
New  York  and  Now  Jersey.  Native  of  lui- 
rope  and  .Asia.  Old  names  Cats'  \'aleriiin, 
Setwell,  Cut-heal,  .\ll-heal.      June-.-\uK. 

2.   VALERIANELLA  Poll.  Hist.  PI.  Palat.  i:  29.     1776. 

Annual  dichotomously  branched  herbs,  the  basal  leave-  tufted,  entire,  those  of  the  stem 
sessile,  often  dentate,  the  flowers  in  terminal,  compact  or  capitate,  in  our  species  corymbed 
or  panicled  cymes.  Corolla  small,  white,  blue,  or  pink,  nearly  regular.  Caly.\-limb  short 
or  obsolete  in  flower,  in  fruit  various,  not  divided  into  filiform  plumose  segments,  often  none. 
Corolla-tube  narrowed  at  the  base,  the  limb  spreading,  5-lobed.  Stamens  3;  style  minutely 
3-lobcd  at  the  summit.  Fruit  ^-celled,  2  of  the  cells  empty,  and  in  our  species  about  as  large 
as  the  fertile  one.     [Name  a  diminutive  of  Valerian.] 

.■\hout  50  species,  natives  of  the  northern  hemisphere,  most  abundant  in  the  Mediterranean 
region.     liesides  the  followinff,  S  otlicrs  occur  in  the  western  parts  of  North  America. 
Corolla  funnelform,  the  short  tube  not  longer  than  the  limb  or  about  eiiualling  it. 


Fruit  flattened,  twice  as  broad  as  tliick. 

I'ruit  triangular-pyramidal. 

Kruit  oblong-tetragoniil  or  ovoid-tetragonal,  grooved. 

Groove  of  the  fruit  broad  and  shallow. 

Groove  of  the  fruit  narrow. 
Fruit  globose  or  saucer-shaped. 
Corolla  salverform.  the  slender  tube  nuich  longer  than  the  limli. 


I '.  Lociisla. 

2.  V.  chenopodifoUa. 

3.  X'.  radiala. 

4.  J',  sicuocaipa. 

5.  /'.  ll'oddsiana. 

6.  V.  loiigijlora. 


ount- 

•Aug. 

'3-) 

App. 

727- 

ough- 
ng  or 
blong 
few- 
long, 
ioled, 
mceo- 
)btuse 
ulate, 
nk  or 
ir-lau- 

g- 

:oluin- 

iitario, 

I  New 
|i  Asia. 

-Augr- 


Valerianella  Locusta  (L,.)  Bettke.     Kiiropean  Corn  Salad.     (Fig.  3475.) 

rii/m'aiia  l.ocKsta  and  var.  oliloria  I,. 

.Sp.  ri.  ,v,.     1753. 
;  'alfi  iiuiella  oliloria  Poll.  Hist.  PI.  Palat. 

l:  ;,o.      177<''- 
I'alf/  iaiit'iiu  /.ociisla  llcttke.  Anini.Val. 

10.      1S26. 

Glabrous,  or  pubescent  at  the 
nodes,  6'-l2'  high,  usually  branched 
from  the  base  and  repeatedly  forked. 
Basal  leaves  spatulate  or  oblanceolate, 
rounded  and  obtuse  at  the  apex,  J%'~ 
2'  long,  3"-5"  wide,  entire;  upper 
stem  leaves  oblong-lanceolate,  usually 
dentate;  peduncles  short;  cymes  y- 
6"  broad,  almost  capitate;  bracts  lin- 
ear or  linear-oblong;  corolla  blue, 
about  1"  long;  fruit  flattened,  rounded 
on  the  edges,  i"  long,  glabrous,  twice 
as  broad  as  thick,  depressed-orbicular 
in  outline,  the  two  empty  cavities 
smaller  than  the  fertile  one,  which  has 
a  corky  mass  at  its  back. 
In  waste  places,  New  York.  New  Jersey,  and  Peinisylvania  to  Virginia  and  Louisiana.    Natur.ilized 

from  Furo|)e.     The  leaves  arc  cultivated  and  used  for  salad  inuler  the  name  of  Fetticus.     Called 

also  White  Pot  Ilerb,  Lamb's  Lettuce,  Milk  Gr.i.ss.     April-July. 


246 


VAIJ'RIANACl'AIv. 


[V^oi..  III. 


2.   Valerianella  chenopodifolia  (I'lirsh)  ])C.     Goose-foot  Corn  Salad. 

(I'-'g-  3476.) 

I'cdiacheiuit'odifolia  I'lirsli,  Fl.  Am.  Sept.  -2^. 

181  |.  ' 

I'alfi  iunrlla  chenofoJi/olia  DC.  I'rodr.  4:  620. 

I'luiia  Fagopyiiim  T.  &  (i.  Kl.  N.  A.  2:  51. 

1841. 

Glabrous,  I °-2°  high.  Leaves  entire.or  the 
basal  anil  lower  ones  rcpaiid,  spatnlate,  ob- 
tuse; upper  stem  leaves  oblong  or  lanceo- 
late, i'-3' long;  cymes  dense,  e'-'-S"  broad, 
at  length  slcnder-pedunclcd;  bracts  lanceo- 
late or  oblong-lanceolate;  corolla  white, 
al)OUt  \"  long;  fruit  triangular-pyramidal, 
a"  long,  1"  thick,  glabrous  or  minutely 
pubescent,  the  two  empty  cavities  narrower 
than  the  fertile  one  but  about  as  deep. 

In  moist  soil,  western  New  York  to  VirRliiia, 
west  to  Wisconsin  and  Kentucky.     May-July. 


3.    Valerianella  radiata  (L.)  Dtifr. 
Beaked  Corn  Salad.     (Fig.  3477.) 

l'a/f)iana  l.ocusia  var.  radtala  I..  Sp.  PI.  34.  i;";^. 
J'edia  radiala  Jliclix.  Kl.  lior.  Am.  i:  118.  i8oi. 
Valeiianella  ladiala  IJufr.  Hist.  Val.  5;.     1811! 

Glabrous,  or  minutely  pubescent  below,  6'- 
18'  high,  nasal  and  lower  leaves  spatnlate, 
obtuse,  entire,  the  upper  lanceolate,  usually 
den.ate;  cymes  4"-6"  broad,  dense;  bracts 
small,  lanceolate  or  oblong-lanceolate;  corolla 
white,  1"  long;  fruit  narrowly  ovate-tetragonal, 
finely  pubescent  or  sometimcsglabrous,  i "  long, 
Yi"  thick,  the  empty  cavities  as  thick  as  or 
thicker  than  the  beaked  fertile  one  and  separa- 
ted from  each  other  by  a  broad  shallow  groove. 

In  moist  soil,  New  York  to  riorida,  west  to 
MicliiKan,  Missouri  and  Texas.  Called  also  I.amb's 
I<ettuce.     May-July. 


4.    Valerianella  stenocarpa 

(Engelni.)  Krok.    Narrow-celled 
Corn  Salad..     (Fig.  3478.) 

Fedia  ilowcarpa   I^ngclni.  Host.  Journ. 
Nat.  Hist.  6:  216.     1857. 

V'aleriauella  stenocarpa    Krok,    Kongl. 
vSvensk.  Akad.  Ilandl.  5:  64.    1866. 

vSimilar  to  the  preceding  spe^jies  and 
perhaps  better  regarded  as  a  variety  ot 
it.  Fruit  oblong-tetragonal,  slightly 
smaller,  glabrous  or  sometimes  pubes- 
cent; sterile  cavities  not  as  thick  as 
the  oblong  seed-bearing  one,  and 
separated  from  each  other  by  a  narrow 
groove. 


Kansas  and  Missouri  to  Texa.s. 
June. 


March- 


Vol..  III.] 


VALERIAN   I'AMILY. 


247 


Woods'  Corn  Salad. 


5.   Valerianella  Woodsiana  (T,  &  G. )  Walp 

(Fig.  3479. ) 

Pedia  U'onrlsiana  T.  &  C.  V\.  N.  A.  2:  S-'.      1X41. 
Valerianella  ll'onduaiia  Walp.  Rep.  2:  527.      i^\>,- 

Usually  larger  llian  any  of  the  preceding 
species,  sometimes  3°  liig'''  glabrous  or  very 
nearly  so  tlirougliout.  Hasal  and  lower  leaves 
spatulale,  obtuse,  entire;  upper  leaves  lanceo- 
late or  linear-oblong,  usually  dentate;  cynics 
j/'-d"  broad,  few-flowered;  bracts  compara- 
tively large,  lanceolate;  corolla  white,  abo\it 
\"  long;  fruit  glabrous,  nearly  globular,  abo\it 
\"  in  diameter,  the  empty  cavities  inflated,  in- 
trorse  with  a  depression  or  concavity  between 
them,  as  broad  as  the  fertile  one. 

In   moist  soil.   New   York,   I'cnnsylvania  and 
Ohio  to  Tt-nntssee  and  Te.xas.     M.i}--July. 
Valerianella  Woodsi&na  umbilicata  (Siilliv.) 
A   Cniy,  I'roc.  .\ni.  Acid,  in:  .H2.      1S83. 
F.  umbilicata  Sulliv.  Aiu.  Jourii.  .Sci.  42:  50.    i,S  |2. 

ICnii.ty  colls  of  the  fruit  bladcU'ry-inflali'd, 
curved  iigether  at  the  ends,  forming  a  deep  con- 
cavity.   Same  rantfe. 

Valerianella  Woodsiana  patellaria  (Sulliv.)  \.  Cray,  I'roc.  Am.  .\cad.  19:  82.      iS8j. 
Fedia  t>atellaria'n\\\\\\.\  .\.  Cray,  Man.  1H3.      iS.(S. 

ICmpty   cells  divement,  the   fruit  becoiniiijf  saucer-shaped.    Ohio  and   Pennsylvania, 
variety  and  the  preceding  one  are  probably  but  forms  of  the  species. 


This 


6.  Valerianella  longiflora  (T.&G.) 

Walp.     Lens;- flowered  Corn  Salad. 

(Fig.  3480.) 

Fedia  Ionian' flora  T.  iS:  G.  I'l.  N.  .V.  2:  51.  1S41. 
Valerianella loiifii/lora  Walp.  Kep.  2:  527.  1843 
Glabrous;  stem  usually  several  times 
'brked,  6'-i2'  high.  Leaves  very  obtuse, 
the  basal  ones  spatulate,  \'-2]i'  long,  .("-8" 
wide,  those  of  the  stem  oblong  or  spatulate- 
oblong,  smaller,  somewhat  clasping;  cymes 
dense,  corymbed,  commonly  numerous,  sev- 
cral-maiiy-flowered;  corolla  salverform,  pink 
or  purplish,  about  6"  long,  the  almost  fili- 
form tube  3-4  times  as  long  as  the  somewhat 
irregular  5-parted  limb,  the  lobes  linear-ob- 
long; bracts  with  small  gland-tipped  teeth; 
fruit  broadly  ovate  or  nearly  orbicular  in  out- 
line, the  emptj'  cavities  divergent,  larger 
than  the  oblong  seed  bearing  one. 

In  moist  rocky  si       .ions,  Missouri  and  .\r- 
kansas.     April-May 


Family  38.     DIPSACACEAE  Lindl.  Vcg.  Kingd.  699.       1847. 

Ti:.\si:i<  I'amii.v. 

Perennial  biennial  or  annual  herbs,  with  oppo.site  or  rarely  verticillate  leaves, 
and  perfect  gamopetalou.s  flowers  in  dense  involucrate  heads.  Stipules  none. 
F'lowers  borne  on  an  elongated  or  globose  receptacle,  bracted  and  involucellate. 
Calyx-tulie  adnate  to  the  ovary,  its  limb  cup-.shaped,  disk-shaped,  or  divided 
into  spreading  bristles.  Corolla  epigynous,  the  tube  usually  enlarged  at  the 
throat,  the  limb  2-5-lobed.  vStamens  2-4,  inserted  on  the  tube  of  the  corolla 
and  alternate  with  its  lobes  ;  filaments  distinct ;  anthers  versatile,  longitudin- 
ally dehiscent.  Ovary  inferior,  i-celled,  style  filiform;  stigma  undivided, 
terminal,  or  obliciue  and  lateral;  ovule  i,  anatropous.  Fruit  an  achene,  its  apex 
crowned  with  the  persistent  calyx-lobes.  Seed-coat  membranous;  endosperm 
fleshy;  embryo  straight. 

About  7  genera  and  i4os))ecies,  natives  of  the  Old  World. 
Scales  of  the  elongated  receptacle  prickly  pointed.  i.  Dif'sactis. 

Scales  of  the  receptacle  not  prickly,  herbaceous,  capillary,  or  none.  2.  Scahiosa. 

I.    DIPSACUS  I,.  Sp.  PI.  97.      1753. 
Rough-hairy  or  prickl>  tall  erect  biennial  or  perennial  herbs,  with  opposite  dentate  en- 
tire or  pinnatifid,  usually  large  leaves,  and  blue  or  lilac  flowers  in  dense  terminal  peduncled 


248 


nir.SACACKAR. 


[Voi<.  Ill, 


oblong  liencis  in  our  species.  Bracts  of  the  involucre  and  scales  of  the  receptacle  rigid  or 
spiny  pointed.  Involucels  4->S-ribl)ed  with  a  somewhat  spreading  border.  IJin))  of  the 
calyx  cup-shaped,  4toothed  or  4-lol)ed.  Corolla  oblique  or  2-lipped,  4-lo1)cd.  Stamens  4. 
Stigma  oblique  or  lateral.  .Achene  free  from  or  adnate  to  the  iuvoluccl,  [Clreek,  to  thirst, 
the  leaves  of  some  species  holding  water.]  . 

.\b()Ut  15  spicirs,  ii.itivcs  of  tlic  Old  World. 
Scales  of  the  rtci  platk'  straiKht  poiiiti-d.  i.  /'.  sylvr.Uiis. 

Scales  of  the  receptacle  hooked  at  the  apex.  2.  1>.  fiitloiiinii. 


X.  Dipsacus  sylvestris  lliuls 


Wild,  Comtnon  or  Card  Teasel. 


JUfisaiiis/iilloniim  L.  ,Sp.  I'l. 
lUpsaiiis  sj/:vs/)  is  Iliids.  I'l. 


i)~.     In  part. 
AiiKl.  (9.     176 


Fig.  3481.) 

"75J- 


Biennial,  stout,  with  numerous  short  prickles 
on  the  stem,  branches,  peduncles,  midribs  of  the 
leaves  and  involucre,  otherwise  glabrous  or 
nearly  so,  3°-6''  high.  Leaves  sessile,  or  the 
upper  ones  connatc-perfoliate,  lanceolate  or  ob- 
long, the  upper  acuminate  and  generally  entire, 
the  lower  obtuse  or  obtusish,  crenate  or  some- 
times pinnatilid  at  the  base,  often  1°  long;  heads 
at  first  ovoid,  becoming  cylindric,  at  length  .;'- 
4'  long;  flowers  lilac,  Y'-fi'^  long;  leaves  of  the 
involucre  linear,  curved  upward,  as  long  as  the 
head  or  longer;  scales  of  the  receptacle  ovate, 
tipped  with  a  long  straight  subulate  barbed  awn, 
usually  exceeding  the  flowers. 

Ill  waste  places,  Maine  and  Ontario  to  Virginia, 
west  to  JlichiRan.  Naturalized  froni  liurope  and  na- 
tive also  of  .Asia.  July- Sept.  Other  I^nslish  nanus 
ate  Venus'  Hath,  \'enus'  Cup,  Wood-  or  Church- 
brooms,  Shepherds'  SlalT,  Card  or  Water  Thistle, 
Cipsy  Combs,  Ilutton-weed. 

^.^^^ 

2.    Dipsacus  fullonum  L.     Kiiller'.s 

Tea.sel.     Fuller's  Thistle. 

(Fig.  3482.) 

Dipsacus fullaiiuni  L.  Sp.  I'l.  97.     I7,s,v 
Dipsacus  fulhtniim  var.  salii'US  I,.  Sp.  PI.  ICd.  2, 
1677.     1763. 

Similar  to  the  preceding  species.  Leaves  of 
the  involucre,  or  some  of  them,  shorter  than 
the  heads,  spreading  or  at  length  rcflexed ;  scales 
of  the  receptacle  with  hooked  tips,  about  equal- 
ling the  flowers,  which  are  usually  paler  than  in 
D.  sylvesliis. 

Abotit  wool  mills,  Ivastern  and  Middle  .States, 
rare.  KuKitive  from  Kurope.  Other  linglish  names 
are  Clothiers'  lirush,  Venus'  liath,  or  Cup,  Drapers' 
Teasel.  Generally  regarded  as  probably  a  eulti  vated 
variety  of  the  preceding  si)ecies,  ,is  it  is  not  found 
wild,  except  as  an  evident  escape. 

2.    SCABIOSA  L.  Sp.  PI.  98.     1753. 

Herbs,  with  opposite  leaves,  no  prickles,  and  blue  pink  or  white  flowers  in  peduncled 
involucrate  heads.  Bracts  of  the  involucre  herbaceous,  separate,  or  slightly  united  at  the 
base.  Scales  of  the  receptacle  small,  capillary,  or  none,  not  sharp-pointed  nor  hooked.  In- 
voluccls  2-8-ribbed,  the  margins  4-toothed  or  expanded.  Calyx-linib  5-toothed.  Limb  of 
the  corolla  4-5-cleft,  oblique  or  2-lipped.  Stamens  4  (rarely  2).  Stigma  oblique  or  lateral. 
Acliene  more  or  less  adnate  to  the  involncel,  crowned  with  the  persistent  calyx.  [Latin, 
scale,  from  its  repute  as  a  remedy  for  scaly  eruptions.] 

About  HO  species,  n.itives  of  the  Old  World. 
Leaves,  or  nonie  of  them,  pinnatifid;  receptacle  hairy,  not  scaly.  i.  S.  arvensis. 

Leaves  entire,  or  toothed;  receptacle  scaly.  2.  S.  aiislralis. 


Vol,.  HI.] 


THASKL  FAMILY. 


249 


:led 
the 
Iii- 
of 
ral. 
tiu, 


its. 
tlis. 


1.    Scabiosa  arvensis  L.     Field 
Scabious.     ( Kig.  3483.) 

5'((7/i/o.r(7  rf»  rr«w'?  I,.  Sp,  I'l.  t;<i.     175,). 
Knaiilia  aiieiish  CoiiU.  Dips.  29.     1S2,?. 

Perennial,  pubescent,  simple  or  little  brancli- 
eil,  l°-3°  Imk''.  Hasnl  and  lower  leaves  petiolcd, 
lanceolate,  acute  or  acuminate,  entire,  lohed, 
or  pinnatifid,  ,^'-S'  lonj;;  upper  leaves  sessile, 
often  dee])ly  pinnatind;  heads  lon^-pedunclcd, 
depresscdglolH)se,  1 '-!,'•'  hroad;  flowers  lilac- 
purple,  ahout  6"  lon^;  receptacle  depressed- 
hemispheric,  not  scaly,  covered  witli  hairs  be- 
tween the  (lowers;  achcne  angled,  crowned  with 
the  S  or  10  linear-subulate  calyx-teeth. 

In  cuUivatcd  fiiUls  and  waste  i)lacrs,  Massacliii- 
sitts.  Vcnniiiit,  N'lw  York  atid  I'linisylviiniii.  .\il- 
vcnlive  from  ICiirdpc.  Otiur  ICiiKlish  iiatiRs  au- 
Hhie  Ituttims,  r.liic  Caps,  Cipsy  nr  i;(;ypliaii  Rose, 
I'incusliidii.     June  Sipl. 


2.    Scabiosa  australis  Wiilf. 
Southern  Scabioii.s.     (Fig,  3484.) 

Scabiosa  aiislralis  Wulf.  in  Rocm.  Arch.  3:  Part  3, 

J16.      iSo.v 
Succisa  aiislralis   Reicheneb.  ri.  Germ.    Ivxcurs. 

i()6.      18,50. 

I'erennial,  pubcrulent,  at  least  above;  stem 

slender,  branched,   l/4°-3°  high.     Basal  leaves 

oblanceolate   to  oblong,  mostly  obtuse,  4'- 12' 

long,  the  petiole  often  as  long  as  the  blade,  or 

onger;   stem  leaves  distant,  lanceolate  or  ol)- 

long-lanceolate,  entire,  or  toothed,  short-peti- 

oled,  or  the  upper  sessile,  acute  or  acuminate; 

heads  of  purple  flowers  long-peduncled,  rather 

less  than  i'  in  diameter,  oblong-ovoid  in  fruit; 

receptacle  scaly,  the  scales  about  as  long  as  the 

involucels  or  longer;   achene  crowned   with  5 

calyx-teeth, 

N.ituralizi'd  from  Kurope  in  central  New  York  anil 
Massachusetts.     I'inciishion -flower.     Siininiir. 


Family  39. 


1759- 


CUCURBITACEAE  R.  Jii.s.s,  Ilort.  Triau. 
UuL'Ki)  Family. 

Climbing  or  trailing,  herbaceous  viiie.s,  usually  with  tendrils.  Leaves  alter- 
nate, petioled,  generally  palinately  lobed  or  dis.-iected.  Flowers  solitary  or  race- 
mo.se,  monoecious  or  dioecious.  Calyx-tube  adnate  to  the  ovary,  its  limb  cam- 
panulate  or  tubular,  usually  5-lobed,  the  lobes  imbricated.  Petals  usually  5, 
in.serted  on  the  limb  of  the  calyx,  separate,  or  united  into  a  gamopetalous  cor- 
olla. Stamens  mostly  3  (sometimes  i),  2  of  them  with  2-celled  anthers,  the  other 
with  a  I -celled  anther;  filaments  short,  often  somewhat  monadelphous.  Ovary  1- 
3-celled;  style  terminal,  simple,  or  lobed;  ovides  few  or  numerous,  anatropous. 
Fruit  a  pcpo,  indehiscent,  or  rarely  dehiscent  at  the  summit,  or  bursting  irregu- 
larly; or  sometimes  dry  and  membranous.     Seeds  usually  flat;  endosperm  none. 

About  90  genera  and  650  species,  mainly  natives  of  tropical  regions,  a  few  in  the  temperate 
zones. 

Klowirs  large,  yellow;  prostr.ite  vine. 
Flowers  small,  white  or  greenish;  climbinsr  vines. 
Fruit  glabrous;  seeds  numerous,  horizontal. 
Fruit  prickly;  seeds  1  or  few,  erect  or  pendulous. 

Fruit  dehiscent  at  the  apex  or  bursting  irregularly;  several-seeded. 
Leaves  ,3-7  lobed;  anthers  3. 
Leaves  (ligitately  connKUind;  anther  i. 
Fruit  indehiscent,  i -seeded. 


1.  Cucurbila. 

2.  Melolhiia. 


,V  Micianif)clis. 

4.  Cnlanllteta. 

5.  Sityos. 


250  CICrRIlITAClvAlv.  [Vol,.  III. 

1.    CUCURBITA  h.  Sp.  PI.  loio.     1753. 

Roiij»li  prostrate  vines,  rooting  at  tlic  nodes,  with  l)ranche(l  tcndriln,  usually  lobed  leaves 
mostly  cordate  at  the  base,  and  lar^e  yellow  axillary  monoecious  flowers.  Calyx-tube  cain- 
panulate,  usually  .sdobed.  Corolla  canipanulatc,  ,s-lobed  to  about  the  middle,  the  lobes  re- 
curving. Staniiiiate  (lowers  with  three  stamens,  the  anthers  linear,  more  or  less  united  and 
no  pistil.  Pistillate  llowcrs  with  l  pistd;  ovary  oblonj;  with  ^5  many-ovulcd  placentae; 
style  short,  thick;  sti>,'nias  3-5,  each  jlobcd,  papillose;  staniinoilia  ,v  I'ruit  lar^e,  fleshy, 
with  a  thick  rind,  many-scc<led,  iiulehisceiit.     [The  I.atin  name  of  the  K'>i'nl. ) 

About  10  spicies,  natives  of  Amiiici,  Asia  ami  Africa.  Ik'sidis  tlie  folU'vitig,  some  (i  others 
occur  in  the  soulliern  ami  soutluvcstciii  ruiU-d  States. 


I.    Cucurbita  foetidissima  II.B.K.     Mis.sotiri  Gourd.     Calaba/.illa.     Wild 

Piiiiipkiii.     (Fi^.  ,^485.) 

Ciiciiibila  /iie/idissinia   II. U.K.  Nov.  (.icn.  2:    12?. 

1817. 
Cucnuiis  />erfiiiifs}:\me>i  in  Long's  IJxp.  a:  so.   182 v 
Ciiciirhila  f'eieiiiii.'i  \.  dray,  Host.  Joiirn.  Nat.  Hist. 

6:  lov      1S50. 

Stem  stout,  rough,  hirsute,  t  r.iilinj;  to  a  length 
of  l,s°-25°.  Root  large,  carrot-shaped,  reticles 
stout,  3'-.S'  lonjf,  verv  rough;  leaves  ovate-tri- 
angular, thick  and  somewhat  fleshy,  cordate  or 
truncate  at  the  base,  acute  at  the  apex,  4'-i2' 
long,  usually  slightly  ;,-s-lobed,  denticulate, 
rough  above,  canescent  beneath;  peduncles  l'- 
2' long;  flowers  mostly  solitary;  corolla  2 '.'-4' 
long;  pepo  globose  or  globosc-ovoiil,  2'-},'  in 
diameter,  smooth,  its  pulp  fibrous  and  bitter. 

Dry  soil,  Nebraska  to  Texas  and  Mexico,  west  to 
southern  California.     May-Sept. 

Cucurbita  P4po  I,.,  the  runijjkin,  is  found  occa- 
sionally in  waste  places. 

Citrullus  Citrtillus  ( I,.  >  K.irst.,  tin-  Watermelon,  is 
found  escaped  from  cultivation  alont;  river  shores 
in  Virginia  and  West  Virginia. 

"      )■-• 

2.  MELOTHRIA  L.  Sp.  PI.  35.  1753. 
Slender,  mostly  climbing  vines,  with  simple  or  rarely  bifid  tendrils,  lobed  or  entire  thin 
leaves,  and  small  white  or  yellow  monoecious  flowers,  the  staminate  clustered,  the  pistillate 
often  solitary.  Calyx  campanulate,  5-toothed.  Corolla  catnpanulalc,  deeply  5-parted. 
Stamens  3  in  the  staminate  flowers,  the  anthers  distinct  or  slightly  united,  the  pistil  want- 
ing or  rudimentary.  Pertile  flowers  with  i  pistil;  ovary  ovoid,  constricted  below  the  corolla; 
placentae  3;  ovules  unnicrous;  style  short;  stigmas  3,  linear.  l'"ruit  small,  bcrry-likc,  pulpy, 
many-seeded.     [I'rom  the  Greek  for  .some  vine,  probably  llryonia  Cretica.^ 

.About  64  s])ecies,  natives  of  warm  and  tropic.il  regions,  most  abundant  in  the  Old  World.     Only 
the  following  occurs  in  the  Cnited  States. 


I.  Melothria  pendula  L.    Creeping  Cucumber. 
(Fig.  3486.) 

Melolhria  pendula  I,.  Sp.  PI.  35.     1753. 

Root  perennial.  Stem  slender,  climbing  to  a  height 
of  3°-.5°,  branched,  glabrous,  grooved;  petioles  y2'-2%' 
long;  leaves  nearly  orbicular  in  outline,  finely  pubescent 
or  scabrous  on  both  sides,  cordate  at  the  base,  5- lobed  or 
5-angled,  denticulate  or  dentate;  tendrils  puberulent; 
staminate  flowers  4-7,  racemose,  borne  on  a  peduncle 
^'2'-!'' long;  fertile  flowers  solitary,  slcnder-peduncled; 
corolla  greenish  while,  about  2"  broad;  fruit  smooth, 
ovoid,  green,  4"-6"  long. 

In  thickets,  Pennsylvania  (Schwcinitz,  according  to  Cog- 
niaux);  Virginia  to  Florida,  west  to  Indiana,  Kentucky, 
Louisiana  and  northern  Mexico.     June-Sept. 


Only 


o  Cog- 
tucky, 


Vor-.  HI.] 


OOl'RI)  FAMILY. 


251 


3.    MICRAMPELIS  Raf.  Med.  Rep.  (II.)  5:  350.       1808. 
[I'CiiiNdCYSTis  T.  &  C.  1"1.  N.  A.  1:   542.      iH4<)] 

^lostly  iiiinual  clitiiliin);  hcHis,  with  branclieil  tendrils,  lohcd  or  angled  leaves,  and  small 
while  monoecious  flowers.  Calyx-tube  canipatiulate,  5-6-lot)ed.  Corolla  very  deeply  5-6- 
partcd.  Stamens  ,^  in  the  staniinate  flowers,  the  anthers  more  or  less  coherent.  I'islillate 
flowers  with  a  2-celled  ovary;  ovules  3  in  each  cavity;  style  very  short;  sti){ma  hemispheric 
or  lol)ed.  I'ruit  fleshy  or  dry  at  maturity,  densely  spiny,  1-2-cclled,  usually  with  2  seeds  in 
each  cavity,  dehiscent  at  the  summit.     Testa  of  tlie  seed  roughened,     [dreek,  small-vine.] 

Alidut  2.S  species,  tialivisof  America.  Itesidcs  tlu-  fjlluwiiin,  ahuut  ii>  otlicrs  nccur  in  the  west- 
ern I'liitiil  Stntrs. 


X.  Micrampelis  lobata  (  Miclix. )  Greene. 

(Fig.  3487.  J 


Wild  Bal.sain  Apple. 


Mock  Apple. 


.lA>w/<'»v//V.7^rA;«(J/<i  Muhl.  Trans.  Am.  Phil.  Soc.          \jM^'~',       v^>'M  V.      ,i:\  'v 

3:  iSii.     N.-inic  only.     1791.                                          '^^ /t\   /T^^^y      >'  -AV/^V      f'  I  (^^ 

.S7,r.»W.)^;/((  Mich.x.  I'l.  U.ir.  Am.  2:  217.      iS-i.V        --'    //I  R\iV   '>:VV /■-■'(/     *r  ^  P    \ 

/fr///«.irn//,v  A-fta/.j  T.  iSiC.   l''l.N.  A.  l:  ,S42.  lS|o.      J    vd]   VV.   S~  '  /     T    ■)'/    -    "y.  1 

.J//r;<iH//)f/».5/(>i')(//<jGicenc,  l'ittoniii,2:  ii'iS.    iS()<i,      1    ( 5?^    r<i,  f"  ^>L:^  \  ,>--^-'.'-    •»■■>  r^    'v 

'      V\l     \'.h    If-     •)'«~^V'T>>.    '^      "y,  C      tj 


.Stem  nearly  glabrous,  angular  and  grooved 
branching,  climbing  to  a  height  of  i5''-25', 
sometimes  villous-pubcscent  at  the  nodes. 
Petioles  i'-,V  long;  leaves  thin,  roughish  on 
both  sides,  deeply  cordate  at  the  base,  3-7- 
lobed  to  about  the  middle,  the  lobes  triangu- 
lar-lanceolate, acute  or  acuminate,  the  mar- 
gins remotely  serrulate;  staminate  flowers  very 
numerous  in  narrow  compound  racemes;  pistil- 
late flowers  solitary,  or  rarely  2  together;  fruit 
ovoid,  green,  about  2'  long,  armed  with  slen- 
der spines. 

.Vlonp  rivers,  and  in  waste  places,  Maine  to 
Minnesota  ami  Ontario,  soiitli  to  Vii((inia  (accord- 
ins;  to  Cogniaux),  Pennsylvania,  Kentucky,  Kan- 
sas and  Te.xas.  ICastward,  mostly  occurring;  as 
an  introduced  plant.     Jnly-Sept. 


4.    CYCLANTHERA  Sclirad.  Iiid.  Seni.  llort.  Goett.      1831. 

Clind)ing,  annual  or  perennial,  mostly  glabrous  vines,  with  forked  or  simple  tendrils,  usu- 
ally digitately  compound  leaves  and  small  white  or  greenish  monoecious  flowers.'  Calyx 
cup-shaped,  5-tootlied.  Corolla  rotate,  deeply  5-parled.  vStaminate  flowers  racemose  or  pani- 
cled,  the  stamens  united  into  a  central  column;  anther  i,  annular  in  our  species.  Pistillate 
flowers  .solitary;  ovary  obliquely  ovoid,  beaked,  1-3-cclled,  with  2  ovules  in  each  cavity; 
style  short;  stigma  large,  hemispheric.  P'ruit  spiny,  obliquely  ovoid,  beaked,  at  length 
irregulaily  dehiscent,  few-seeded.     [Greek,  circle-anther.] 

About  40  species,  natives  of  America. 


I.   Cyclanthera  dissecta  (T.  &  G.)  Arn, 
Ciit-leaved  Cyclanthera.     (Fig.  3488.) 

Dhianllii-ra  di.tsrcla  T.  &  G.  I-'l.  X.  k.  i:  697.     1840. 
Cjclaiilliera  dissecia  Arn.  in  Hook.  Journ.  Hot.  3:  2S0. 
1S41. 

Annual;  stem  grooved  and  angular,  glabrous, 
branching,  climbing  to  a  height  of  3°-4°,  or  strag- 
ling.  Petioles  i'-2'  long;  leaves  digitately  3-7- 
foliolate,  the  leaflets  oval  or  oblong,  usually  acute  at 
each  end,  >^'-2'  long,  rough  on  both  sides,  den- 
tate, or  somewhat  lobed;  staminate  flowers  race- 
mose, borne  on  a  peduncle  Yi'-'^'  long;  pistillate 
flowers  solitary,  very  short-peduncled;  fruit  nar- 
rowed at  the  base,  slightly  oblique,  about  i'  long, 
armed  with  slender  spines. 

Thickets,  Kan.sas  to  Texas,  Louisiana  and  northern 
Mexico.     July-Sept. 


252 


ci'ciRmTAci'Ai-;. 


[Vol,,  in. 


5.  SICYOS  L.  Sp.  PI.  loi.v      1753. 

Aiiiuial  clitiil)iiiK  viiu-s,  witli  liraiichcd  tendrils,  atiKlctl  or  lohcd  leaves,  and  hiiinll  wliiti- 
or  Kft^t'"  monoecious  flowers.  Calyx-tutje  I'aiiipaiiiilatf  or  cupsliaped,  ^-toothed.  Corolla 
cntnpanidate  or  rotate,  ,s-parted  nearly  to  the  base.  Staininate  flowers  I'orymbose  or  racemose, 
with  3  stamens,  the  tilninents  iniited  into  a  short  column,  the  anthers  coherent;  pistil  want- 
ing. I'istillate  llowers  several  together  in  capitate  lonK-peilunded  clusters,  with  no  stamens; 
ovary  olilonj;  or  fusiform,  i-celled;  ovule  1,  (icmhilous;  style  sliort,  slender;  stigmas  usually  ,\. 
I-'ruit  spiny,  iiulchiscent,  l-seeded.     [•■reek,  a  cucumber  or  gourd.] 

Alxiiit  (i  spi  cits,  natives  nf  Aniirici  iiiul  .\iislralasia.  llisitles  the  roUowinK,  a  ulliers  occur 
in  the  »^luthw^■^lc^u  stales. 

I,   Sicyos  angulatus  I.,,     One-secckd  Htir- 
Ciicuml)tr,    Star  Ciicuiuher.     (Fig.  3489.) 
SiiVos  iiiiffulaliis  \,  Sj).  ri.  \o\\.     i7,s,i. 

Stem  angled,  more  or  less  viscid-pubescent, 
climbing  to  a  height  of  i.s"^  2y ,  or  trailing,  reti- 
cles stout,  I '-4'  long,  pubescent;  leaves  nearly  or- 
bicular, rough  on  both  sides,  rather  thin,  deeply 
cordate  at  the  base,  5-angled  or  5-lobed,  the  lolics 
acute  or  acuminate,  the  margins  denticulate;  stani- 
jnate  flowers  loosely  corymbose  or  racemose,  borne 
on  elongated  peduncles;  fertile  flowers  capitate, 
their  peduncles  shorter;  Iruits  sessile,  3-10  tf)gethcr, 
yellowish,  about  '/j'  long,  pubescent,  armed  with 
slender  rough  spines. 

AIduk  river  banks  .uiil  in  moist  placts,  Outbcc  and 
Ontario  to  I'Morida,  wist  to  Mimiesola,  Kansas  and 
Ti\as,  Nauirali/.td  in  lasUrii  Iviirope.  C.illvd  also 
Nimble  Kate.  Leaves  siinictimi;s  lu  across.  June- 
Sept. 

Family  40.     CAMPANULACEAE  Jti.ss,  Oeii,   163.       1789, 

HlU.I.-l'I.OWlCK    I'AMir.V. 

Herbs  Csoiiie  tropical  species  shnib.s  or  even  trees),  with  alternate  exstipu- 
late  entire  dentate  or  rarely  lobed  leaves,  acrid  and  tisually  milky  jnice,  and 
racenio.se  spicate  paniculate  or  .solitary  perfect  flowers.  Calyx-tube  adnatc  to 
the  ovary,  its  limb  mosL.y  5-lobed  or  ^-parted,  the  lobe.s  equal  or  slij^htly  uii- 
eiiual,  valvate  or  imbricate  in  the  bud,  commotdy  persistent.  Corolla  Katno- 
petalous,  rej;ular  or  irregular,  inserted  at  the  line  where  the  calyx  becomes 
free  from  the  ovary,  its  tube  entire,  or  deeply  cleft  on  one  side,  its  limb  5-lobed, 
regular,  or  more  (jr  less  2-lipped,  or  corolla  rarely  divided  into  separate  j)etals. 
Stamens  5,  alternate  with  the  corolla-lobes,  inserted  with  the  corolla;  filaments 
.scjiarate  or  coimate;  anthers  2-celled,  introrse,  .separate,  or  united  into  a  ring  or 
tube.  Ovary  2-5-celled  (rarely  6-io-celledi,  with  the  placentae  projecting  from 
the  axis,  or  i-celled  with  two  parietal  placentae  ;  style  simple  ;  stigma  mostly 
2-5-lobed,  pilo.se  by  a  tuft  or  ring  of  hairs,  or  glabrous;  ovules  anatropous. 
Fruit  a  capsule  or  berry.  Seeds  very  numerous  and  small;  embryo  minute, 
straight ;  endosperm  fleshy. 

About  (X)  (fenera  and  1510  species,  of  wide  geoRrapliic  distribution. 
Corolla  regular,  campanulate  or  rotate;  anthers  se])arate. 

Corolla  c.impaiiulatc.  rarely  rotate;  flowers  all  complete.  i.  Oi in f>ci )i n !a . 

Corolla  rotate;  earlier  flowers  cleisto(janious.  2.   /.ixoiizia. 

Corolla  irregular;  autliers  connate  around  the  style.  3.   f.ohelia. 

I.    CAMPANULA  L.  Sp.  PI.  163.       1753. 

Perennial  or  annual  herbs,  with  alternate  or  basal  leaves.  I'lowcrs  large  or  small,  soli- 
tary, racemose,  paniculate,  or  glomerate,  regular,  complete,  Idue,  violet,  or  white.  Calyx- 
tube  hemispheric,  turbinate,  obovoid,  or  prismatic,  adnatc  to  the  ovary,  the  limb  deeply  5- 
lobed  or  ^-parted  (rarely  3-4-parte<l).  Corolla  catnpanulate  or  rotate,  5-lobed  or  5-parted, 
Stamens  5,  free  from  the  corolla;  filaments  usually  dilated  at  the  base;  anthers  separate. 
Ovary  inferior,  3-5-celled;  stigma  3-5-lobcd.  Capsule  wholly  or  partly  inferior,  crowned  by 
the  persistent  calyx-lobes,  opening  on  the  sides,  either  near  the  top,  middle  or  bottom  by 
3-5  small  valves  or  perforations,  or  tending  to  Ix;  indehiscent  in  some  species.  [Diminutive 
of  the  Latin  atuipatia,  a  bell.] 

About  250  species,  natives  of  the  northern  hcniispliere.  Besides  the  following,  some  8  others 
occur  in  the  southern  and  western  parts  of  North  America;  .-dl  known  as  llell-flower. 


(inula. 
:ni. 
111. 


1,  soli- 
'alyx- 
?ply  S- 
irled. 
mrate. 
ed  by 
itii  by 
inttivc 

I  others 


Vor,.  III.) 


Ili;i,I,l'I.(»\Vi;k   I'AMII.Y. 


253 


I'Mowi 


C. 


iiiiifl  iia. 
)iiliiiidi/i>lia. 


3.  C  iDliiiidi/nlia. 


iii/'iiiii  iitiiii/e.i. 
i;/iitnri  It/a. 


C.  'i/>'ii  iiKiiila. 
C.  it  i:  11 1  till  til. 


:',■  Corolla  ompanulate;  nowera  aolitary,  racemoae,  glomarata,  or  paniclcd. 
r  !<oUtiiry  nl  llii-  i  ml  nf  tin  siini;  arilic  ami  alpiiir  plaiils. 
in)lla  ("  u"  l.iiiK.  >  aiiMili- ip|)rniiii{«  111  ar  tin-  -itmmil.  I.  (\ 

iioll.i'i'     I.'"  |iii)»{;  lapHiilf  cipiniiit!'*  lual  tlif  liasf.  3    C. 

t>  iai'(  iiiDsr,  Kli'Olt'latc,  iir  paiii>  iilati 
imlla  -"   \s"  I'liiK 
sum  Itavis  liiirar.  tin  liasal  iiiliiciil.ir.  iiiD-illy  ennlaliv 
I.cavrs  all  (ivatr  to  laiii'i  olatt-    plants  piilit  ^iiTtlt  nt  mmImuuh. 

l''Ui\vii>  pi  ilin  lltil  ill  I  siilid  rairmis.  3.   C. 

l''li)\vi  IS  srssik'  ill  trniiiii  il  and  axillary  clustt'r».  4.   C'. 

iriilla  .'"-  S  '  liiiiL'. 

I'laiil  mimli ;  styU-  lliit  '•xstTti  il  $■ 

I'lant  miioolli,  glabrous,  slinlitly  visiiil.  slyli   loiiK  ixm  itid.  6. 

■K-    •:■;■   Corolla  rotate;  flowers  spicule.  -.    C.  Ainri  ii  iliia. 


I,   Campanula  unifldra  L.     Arctic  Harebell  or 
HellllowLT.     (I'ig.  3490.) 

Ca infill II 11 /ii  iiiiilhua  I..  Sp.  I'l.  Kij.     175,^.  > 

rcreiiiiial,  ({labrotts  or  nearly  so;  sltin  siiiipk-,  i-flow- 
ered,  \'  h'  Iiijjli.  Leaves  linear  or  liiicar-obloiiK,  acute, 
sessile,  tliickisli,  entire  or  sparin),'ly  detitatc,  i)"-lS"  loii^, 
or  the  lower  and  basal  ones  spatulate,  obtuse  and  nar- 
rowed into  ])ctioles;  llowcr  ereel;  calyx-ttibe  turbinate, 
glabrous  or  pubescent,  shorter  than  or  etjualliii};  the  lobes; 
corolla  cainpanulate,  4"-6'"  long,  blue;  capsule  cylindric 
or  club-shaped,  about  (1"  long,  erect,  opening  by  valves 
near  tlie  suiuinit. 

I.alirailiir  and  Antic  Aitiericato  Alaska,  soiitli  in  the  Km-ky 
Miiuntaiiis  to  Colnrailo.  Also  in  niirtliern  ICurope  and  Asia. 
Sliinmel. 


2.    Campanula  rotundifolia  L. 

I larcbcil.     liliie  Bells  of  Scotland. 

(Fig.  3491.) 

Cum  fill  nil  I  a  rulundiiolin  I,.  .Sp.  I'l.  1'),;.  175,^. 
Perennial  by  slender  rootstocks,  glabrous 
or  nearly  so;  stems  erect  or  dilTuse,  often  sev- 
eral from  tlie  same  root,  simple  or  branched, 
6'-3°  high.  Hasal  leaves  nearly  orbicular  or 
broadly  ovate,  usually  cordate,  slender-peti- 
oled,  S'-l'  wide,  dentate  or  entire,  often 
wanting  at  flowering  time;  stem  leaves  linear 
or  linear-oblong,  acute,  mostly  entire,  sessile, 
or  the  lower  narrowed  into  short  petioles  and 
somewhat  spatulate;  flowers  several  or  nu- 
merous, racemose  (rarely  solitary),  drooping 
or  spreading,  slender-pedicelled;  calyx-lobes 
subulate,spreading,  longer  than  the  short-tur- 
binate  tube;  corolla  blue,  campanulate,  7"- 
1 2"  long;  capsule  obconicorovoid,  pendulous, 
ribbed,  opening  by  short  clefts  near  the  base. 

On  moist  rocks  and  in  meadows,  Labrador  to  Alaska,  south  to  New  Jersey,  reiinsylvania,  Illi- 
nois, Nebraska,  in  the  Rocky  Mountains  to  Arizona  and  in  the  Sierra  Nevada  to  California.  Also 
in  ICurope  and  Asia.  Other  Unglish  names  are  Thimbles,  Lady's  Thimble,  Heath  or  Witches'  Hells, 
Round-leaved  IJelldower.     June-Sept. 

Campanula  rotundifolia  Langsdorfilina  (A.  DC.)  Brilton,  Mem.  Torr.  Club,  5:  309.     1S94. 
C-  liiiifolia  var.  /.angsdorfiana  A.  PC.  Prodr.  7:  471.     1831). 
C.  rotundifolia  var.  alpina  Tuekerm.  Amer.  Journ.  Sei.  45;  27.     1843. 

U  Flower  commonly  solitary,  erect,  nearly  or  quite  i'  loug;  ealyxlobes  nearly  rdiform,  spreading 
or  deflexed.  Summits  of  the  White  Alountains  of  New  Hampshire;  Quebec  to  Labrador  and  Arctic 
America. 

Campanula  totundifdlia  veliitina  DC.  Fl.  France,  6:  432.     1815. 
Stem  and  leaves  pubescent  or  canescent.    Sand  hills,  Burt  Lake,  Michigan  (according  to  Gray). 


254 


CAMl'ANTLACKAK. 


fVoi..  III. 


3.    Campanula  rapunculoides  L. 

Creeping  or  luiroiK-an  Hellllower. 

(Fig.  3492.) 

Campanula  rafiiiiiciili  iilts  I,.  Sp.  IM.  iTis.      ir.s.v 

I'crciinial  by  slctidor  rootstoiks;  su-ii'  i;lii- 
brous  or  pubescent,  simpk'  or  rarely  brain,  iieil, 
leafy,  erect,  rather  stout,  l°-3°  liiK'i.  Leaves 
pubescent  or  pubcrulent,  crenalc-dcntirulate, 
ovate  or  ovate  lanceolate,  acute  or  acuminate, 
the  lower  and  basal  ones  mostly  cordate,  },'-h' 
louK,  I '-2'  wide,  slender-petioled,  the  upper 
shortpetioled  or  sessile,  smaller;  flowers 
short- pedicelled,  drooi)in>;,  I'-i  V'  lo"K  '"  "" 
elongated  bractcd  i-sided  raceme;  corolla 
cainpnnulate,  liluc  to  violet,  rather  deeply  ,s- 
lohed,  much  lon^;er  than  the  linear  spreading 
calyx-lobes;  csipsule  globose,  nodding,  about 
t"  in  diameter;  opening  near  the  base. 

In  fiilils  ami  aUmtf  roadsides.  New  llrunswick 
to  Ontario,  sduthfrii  New  Viirk.  I'ennsylv.miaand 
I  iliio.     Naliirali/cd  Ironi  liiinipc.     July  .Si])l. 


4.   Campanula  glomerata  L.     Clii.s- 
tcred  IJellllower.     Dane'.s  Wood. 

(I'iK-  ,U9:v) 
Caiiipainitii  i:lo»ii-ialii  I..  Sp.  PI.  Hid.      17,=; ;. 

I'erennial  by  short  rootstocks;  stem  stout, 
simple,  erect,  pubescent,  leafy,  i°-2°  high. 
I<eaves  pubescent  on  both  sides,  crennlate, 
the  lower  and  basal  ones  oblong  or  ovate, 
mostly  obtuse,  sometimes  cordate,  slender- 
petiolcil,  2'-.|'  long,  the  upper  lanceolate  or 
ovate-lanceolate,  acute,  sessile  or  clasping, 
smaller;  flowers  about  i'  long,  sessile,  erect 
and  .spreading  in  terminal  and  axillarj-  glom- 
erules;  corolla  campanulate,  blue,  nither 
deeply  ,s-lobed;  calyx-lobes  lanceolate,  acutii- 
inate;  capsule  ovoid  or  oblong,  erect,  about 
3"  high,  opening  near  the  base. 

In  fields  and  alon^  niadsidL'S,  (.'astern  Massa- 
cliusiUs  NatiiralizKl  from  luiroiio.  Some- 
times  c.ilk'il  Canliibury  lulls,  a  name  tiiorc 
proptrl  .■  belouKinK  to  C".  ill iii in  111  n\nl  C.  Tiiu/i- 
eliiiin.     June-A'iK. 

5^  o. 


i 


\) 


yi^ 


v^cli^., 


5.    Campanula  aparinoides  Pur.sh. 

Marsh  or  Hed.straw  Bellflower.    (.Fig.  349.1. ; 

Caiiifiiunilii  iif<tn  iiioiJis  I'ursli  I'M.  .\m.  .Sept.  l,s<>.  iSi ). 
I'erennial;  stems  very  slender  or  filiform,  weak, 
reclining  or  dilTuse,  rough  with  short  rctrorse  bris- 
tles, similar  to  those  of  (itiliiiiii  as/iniiuiii,  leafy, 
paniculatcly  branched,  6'-2°  long.  Leaves  lanceo- 
late, or  linear-lanceolate,  sessile,  sparingly  dentate 
with  low  teeth,  or  entire,  rough  on  the  margins  and 
midrib,  acute  at  both  ends,  ]i'-iyi'  long,  i"-,^" 
wide;  flowers  pale  blue  o"  white,  paniculate,  2'i"- 
4"  long;  pedicels  filifoi.r.,  buds  drooping;  corolla 
open-campanulate,  deeply  ,s-cleft,  its  tube  eiiual- 
ling  or  longer  than  the  triangular-lnuceolate  acute 
calyx-lobes;  style  included;  capsule  subglobose, 
opening  near  the  base. 

In  grassy  swatni>s,  New  liruiiswick  to  the  Northwest 
Territory,  south  to  CiCorKiii,  Ktutiicky,  Nibniska  and 
Colorado.     Called  also  Slender  Hellllower.    June-Auif. 


;*■; 


VO!     III.] 


IU:i,I,II,0\VI-;i<    FAMILY. 


255 


(Fip-  3495-) 


Ithwest 
iw  and 

-AUR. 


6.    Campanula  divaricata  Michx.     Paniclcil  Ik'lltlower. 

CampiXtnila  divai  icnta  Miclix.  I'l.  IJor.  .\m.  i: 

Iiic).      lS(i(. 
Camf^aiiuliifleMiosa  Miilix.  loc.  cit.  iSn.^  ? 

Perennial,  glaUroiis  but  soniewhal  viscid; 
stem  crert,  paniculately  branched,  slender, 
1°-;,°  bigli.  Leaves  lanceolate,  ovate  or 
oblong-lanceolate,  the  uppermost  sometimes 
linear,  sliarply  serrate,  acuminate  at  the 
apex,  narrowed  to  the  base,  the  upper  ses- 
sile, the  lower  petioled,  2'-;/  lonj;,  ,',"-12" 
wide,  or  the  lowest  commonly  shorter  and 
broader;  (lowers  very  numerous  in  com- 
pound panicles,  drooping,  sleuder-peili- 
cellcd;  corolla  light  blue,  campanulate, 
about  3"  long;  caly x-lobcs  lanceolate,  acute, 
scarcely  spreading,  often  dentate ;  style  long- 
exserted;  capsule  turbinate,  about  2' •" 
long,  opening  near  the  middle. 


On  rocky  banks,  mountains  of  VirKinia  and 
West  Virginia  tolicortfia  and  'IVnncssii'.  As- 
cends to  2,si«)  ft.  in  North  Caroliii.i.     June  Sept. 


7.    Campanula  Americana  I,. 
Tall  Hcllflower.     (Fig.  3496.) 

Ca  III  ftii  1114  111  Aiiiii  icaiia  I,.  Sp.  IM.  i^'i-  '7.=  '- 
Annual  or  biennial,  more  or  less  pubes- 
cent; stem  erector  nearly  so,  rather  slen- 
der, simple  or  rarely  willi  a  few  long 
branches,  2°-(->^  I'igb.  Leaves  thin,  ovate, 
oblong,  or  lanceolate,  serrate,  acuminate 
at  the  apex,  narrowed  at  the  base,  peti- 
oled, or  the  up])er  sessile,  .>'-'>'  long,  the 
lowest  sometimes  cordate;  flowers  in  a 
loose  or  dense  terminal  sometimes  leafy 
spike,  which  is  often  i^-a"  long;  lower 
bracts  foliaceous,  the  upper  subulate; 
corolla  rotate,  blue,  or  nearly  white,  about 
1'  broad,  deeply  5-cleft;  calyx-lobes  lin- 
ear-subulate, spreading,  style  declined 
and  curved  upward,  long-exserted;  cap- 
sule narrowly  turbinate,  ribbed,  erect, 
4"-5"  long,  opening  near  the  summit. 

In  uiuisl  lliickiN  and  woods.  New  limns- 
wick  tu(  )nt:irinand  Mintitsola.  sci\illi  to  l"loi- 
ida,  Kiiitui  ky  .uid  .Arkansas  Kan-  nt  ir  llu' 
coast  in  tlic  Middle  Stales  anil  New  MiiKlaiul. 
.\scends  to  V""'  ft-  i"  West  Vir^'inia.  uly- 
Sept. 

2.    LEGOUZIA  Diuaiul,  V\.  Boiirg.  2:   26.      17S2. 
[Sphcii,ari.\  Heist.;  A.  DC.  Mon.  Camp.  ;vii.     iS;,ci,] 

Annual  herbs,  with  alternate  toothed  or  entire  leaves,  the  stem  and  branches  long,  slen- 
der. Mowers  axillary,  sessile  or  nearly  so,  2-bracted,  or  the  upper  panided  in  some  exotic 
species,  the  earlier  (flower)  ones  small,  cleistogamous,  the  later  with  a  blue  or  purple  nearly 
rotate  corolla.  Calyx-tube  narrow,  the  lobes  in  the  earlier  flowers  _^  or  4,  in  the  later  4  or  5. 
Corolla  5-lol/ed  or  5-parted,  the  lobes  imbricated  in  the  bud.  I'ilaments  Hat;  anthers  sepa- 
rate, linear.  Ovary  5-cclled  (rarely  2-  or  4-ceUed ) ;  ovules  iiui.  rous;  stigma  usually  ,^-lobed. 
Capsule  prismatic,  oylindric,  or  narrowly  obconic,  opening  b_,  lateral  valves.  Seeds  ovoid, 
oblong,  or  lenticular.?     [Name  unexplained.] 

About  10  species,  natives  of  the  uortlurn  hemisphere,  one  extending^  into  S'liitli  America. 
Capsule  narr  iwly  oblouR. 

Leaves  sessile;  capsule  valves  near  tlio  top.  1.    A.  hijloni. 

Leaves  cor  lateclaspitifr;  capsule-valves  at  about  the  middle.  2.  /,.  f>''.t'>liala. 

Capsule  linear-cylindrlc;  leaves  sessile;  western.  3.  t..  Icplocai fa. 


CAMl'ANn.ACIvAi;. 


[Vol,.  III. 


I.    Legouzia  bifldra  (  R.  &  P.)  Hritton. 
Small  Venus'  Looking-glass.     (Pig.  3497.) 

Oiiiifiiiiiuhj  hifloia  R.  i"^  1'.  Kl.  I'er.  2:  55.   pi.  -W,/.  6. 


Gray,  I'roc.  Am.  Ai-ad.  11: 
Torr.  Clul),  5: 


.^w.)- 


2.    Legouzia  perfoliata  (L. )  Britten 
Venus'  Looking-glass.     (Fig.  349H.) 

Camf>aiiuln  f>rr/'o/ia/a  L.  Sp.  PI.  16.5. 


Spitiilaiia  bifloia 

1876. 
Legouzia  biflota   Brittoii,  Mciii. 

1894. 

Glabrous,  or  nearly  so;  stem  simple  or  branched, 
very  slender,  roiiKhish  on  tlie  angles,  6'-2°  high. 
Leaves  ovate,  ohlong,  or  the  upper  lanceolate,  ses- 
sile, acute  or  obtuse  at  the  apex,  crenate  with  a  few 
tcctli,  or  entire,  .("-lo"  long,  or  the  upper  smaller; 
earlier  (lowers  with  3  or  4  ovate  to  lanceolate  calyx- 
lobes, those  of  the  later  flowers  4  or  5,  lanceolate-sul)- 
ulate,  longer;  capsule  obloug-cylindric,  .V'-.S"  long, 
opening  by  valves  close  under  the  calyx-teeth. 

In  dry  soil,  VirKinia  to  Tcnnesstc.  Kansas,  I'lorida 
and  Texas.  .Mso  Iti  California  and  South  Anurica. 
April-July. 


i'\ 


17.S.V 

Canipan. 


3.SI- 


Sprciiliiria  f>ei /'oliala  .\.  IJC.  Mon. 

I  ;S,;o. 
L.  pfifoUala  Hritton,  Mem.  Torr.  Club,  5:  ,v>9.    >'^9t. 

More  or  less  pubescent;  stem  densely  leafy, 
simple  or  branched  from  near  the  base,  slender, 
rather  weak,  sometimes  prostrate,  retrorse-his- 
pid  on  the  angles,  or  nearlj'  smooth,  6'-24'  long. 
Leaves  orbicular  or  broadly  ovate,  stiongly  cor- 
date-clasping or  the  lower  merely  sessile,  cre- 
nate-dentate  or  sometimes  entire,  )j,'-\'  wide; 
flowers  solitarj'  or  2-;,  together  in  the  axils,  ses- 
sile, the  later  (upper)  ones  with  5  (rarely  4 ) 
triangular-lanceolate  acuminate  rigid  calyx- 
lobes,  and  a  rotate  blue  or  violet  corolla  s'^-ki" 
broad,  the  earlier  ones  with  3-1  shorter  calyx- 
lobes  longer  than  the  rudimentary  corolla;  cap- 
sule oblong,  or  narrowly  turbinate,  2"-3"  long, 
finally  opening  at  about  thi;  middle;  seeds  len- 
ticular. 

In  dry  woods,  Maine  ,ind  Ontario  to  liritisli  Columbia,  south  to  Florida,  Louisiana.  Mexico 
and  Oregon.     Called  also  Clasping  Uellflower.     May -Sept. 


I 'tab 


3.    Legouzia  leptocarpa  (Xutt.)   Brit- 
ton.      Western  Venus'   Looking-glass. 
(Fig.  3499.) 

Ciimpylocera  leplofai fia  Nutt.  Trans.  .\m.  I'liil.  Soc. 

I II 18:  257.      1843. 
Spfiitlaiia  Icpliharfia  A.Gray,  I'roc.  Am.  .\cad.  11 :  82. 

1^7  . 
L.  Ifplocarpa  I'ritton.  Mem,  Torr.  Club,  5;  ,v»i.     i^9(. 

Hirsute,  or  nearly  glabrous;  stem  slender,  simple, 
or  br  iched  from  the  ba.sc,  6'-i5'  high.  Leaves 
linear-lauceolate  to  oblong,  sessile,  not  clasping, 
acute  at  both  ends,  or  the  lowest  obtuse  at  the  ai)ex, 
entire  or  sparingly  denticulate,  |i'-i' long,  \"-2" 
wide;  flowers  sessile  and  usually  solitary  in  the 
axils,  the  later  ones  with  .;-5  subulate  calyx-lobes 
and  a  rotate  corolla  s'^-g"  broad,  the  earlier  ones 
witli  y  shorter  calyx-lobes  and  rudimentary  corolla; 
capsule  liucar-cylindric,  4"-S"  long,  less  than  i" 
thick;  the  upper  at  length  opening  near  the  sum- 
mit; seeds  oblong. 

In  dry  soil,  western  Missouri  and  Kansas  to  Montana 
atul  Texas.     May-.\UK. 


Vol.  III.] 


HELLKLOWHR   FAMILY. 


^57 


S2. 


"m 


rtah 


SdO. 
h:  82. 

jnple, 
caves 

ipiHg. 
ipex, 

-2" 
the 
hobes 
I  ones 
rolla; 
^n  I" 

litatia 


3.  LOBELIA  h.  Sp.  PI.  929.  1753. 
Herbs  (some  tropical  species  shrubs),  with  alternate  or  basal  leaves,  and  racemose  spi- 
cate  or  paniculate,  often  leafy  bracted,  red  yellow  blue  or  white  flowers.  Calyx-tube  turbi- 
nate, hemispheric  or  ovoid,  adnatc  to  the  ovary.  Corolla-tube  straight,  oblique,  or  incurved, 
divided  to  the  base  on  one  side,  2-lipped  in  our  species,  the  lobe  on  each  side  of  the  cleft 
erect  or  recurved,  turned  away  from  the  other  three  which  are  somewhat  united,  the  sinuses 
inclining  to  extend  to  the  base  of  the  corolla  at  maturity  so  as  to  divide  it  into  5  petals. 
Stamens  free  from  the  corolla-tul)c,  monadclphous,  at  least  above,  two  or  all  the  5  anthers 
witli  a  tuft  of  hairs  at  the  tips,  three  of  them  usually  larger  than  the  other  two,  all  united 
into  a  tube  or  ring  around  the  style.  Ovary  2-celled,  the  2  placentae  many-ovuled;  stigma 
2-lobed  or  2-cleft.  Capsule  loculicidally  2-valved.  [Named  after  Matthias  de  L'Obel,  153S- 
1616,  a  riemish  liotatiist.  ] 

About  22,s  species  of  wi<U-  Kfographic  tlistribution.      Itesides  the  foUowinK,  some  1 2  others  occur 
in  the  southern  and  western  I'ntti'd  Stales. 

'X*   Aquatic;  stems  simple,  nearly  naked;  flowers  light  blue. 
Leaves  terete,  hollow,  obtuse,  all  tufted  at  the  base. 
Leaves  flat,  linear oblonK  or  spatidate,  entire  or  plandutar  denticulate. 

•::•    •;■:■   Terrestrial  plants  of  wet  or  dry  soil;  stems  leafy. 
I.  CoroUa-lube  5"-i2"  loti(f. 
I'lowers  briRht  sc.irkt  (rarely  while);  corolla-tube  io"-i2"  long. 
I'lowcrs  blue,  white,  or  blue  and  white;  corolla-tube  5"  7"  long. 
Leaves  ovale,  lanceolate,  or  the  lower  ones  obovate. 
Leaves  ({labrous  or  sparingly  ])ul)escenl. 

Calyx-lobes  hirsute;  sinuses  with  large  deflexcd  auricles. 
Calyx-lobes  glabrous  or  glandular,  usually  without  auricles. 
Leaves  densely  puberulent;  calyx  hirsute;  auricles  small. 
Leaves  elongatcd-iitiear,  strongly  glandular  denticulate. 

2.  Corolla-tube  only  2"-4"  long. 
Stems  mostly  simple:  flowers  in  terminal  spike-like  racemes. 
Sinuses  of  the  calyx  without  auricles. 
Sinuses  of  tlie  calyx  with  reflexed  subulate  auricles. 
Stems  mostly  paniculately  branched;  flowers  in  loose  racemes. 

Stem  stout,  pubescent;  leaves  ovate  or  oblong,  dentate.  1 

Stems  slender,  gl.-ibrous;  stem -leaves  narrow,  the  basal  wider. 

Pedicels  mo-tly  longer  than  Mowers,  2-bracteolate  near  the  middle.  1 

Pedicels  not  longer  than  flowers,  not  hracteolate,  or  only  so  at  the  base. 
Corolla  2'.'"-,V  ■"  long;  calyx-tube  hemispheric  in  fiuit.  12. 

Corolla  4,'2"  5'-"  long;  calyx  tube  turbinate.  13. 


/..  />o)  hiiainia. 
I.,  f'ahiiiiua. 


3.  /..  cat  tlinalis 


I.,  sypliilitiin. 
L.  anioriia. 
I.,  piihei  Ilia. 
/,.  ,i;/audtwsii. 


Kfiira/a. 
leploslacliys. 


I.,  iiifla'a. 
A.  Kalmii. 


A.  XiiltaUii. 
A.  Canhyi. 


I.   Lobelia  Dortmanna  I^.     Water  Lobelia. 
Water  Gladiole.     ( I''ig.  3500. ) 

Lobelia  Doilmaniia  L.  Sp.  I'l.  ii2y.      i~^^. 

Perennial,  atiuatic,  glabrous  throughout,  somewhat 
fleshy;  roots  numerous,  white,  tibrous;  stem  slender,  sim- 
ple, erect,  hollow,  minutely  .scaly,  6'-i8'  high.  Leaves  all 
submersed  and  tufted  at  the  ba.se  of  the  stem,  terete,  hol- 
low, obtuse,  longitudinally  divided  by  a  partition,  i'-2' 
long,  .-ibout  2"  thick;  flowers  in  a  loose  terminal  raceme, 
blue,  6"-S"long;  pedicels  tiliform,  sliorter  than  or  equal- 
ling the  flowers;  calyx-lobes  subulate  or  lanceolate,  the 
sinuses  usually  not  at  all  appendaged;  corolla-tube  3'"-4" 
long,  its  lower  lip  glabrous  or  nearly  so. 

liorders  of  ponds,  usually  in  saiuly  soil,  sometimes  wholly 
emcrsedwhen  the  water  is  low,  New  Jersey  and  Pennsylvania 
to  Nova  .Scotia,  New  Urunswick  an<l  the  Northwest  Territory. 
Also  in  IvUTope.    July-Sept. 


2. 


s 


Lobelia  paluddsa  Ntitt.     Swamp  Lobelia. 
(Fig.  3501.) 

Lobelia  [taliuiosa  Nutt.  Cicn.  2:  75.     IMS. 

Perennial,  aquatic,  glabrous  throughout;  roots  few  and 
thick;  stem  nearly  naked,  siender,  simple,  or  branched 
above,  i°-4'^  high.  Leaves  flat,  narrowly  oblong  or 
spatulate,  emersed,  obtuse  or  acutish,  entire  or  rcpand- 
denticulatc  and  glandular,  those  of  the  stem  few,  small 
and  sessile,  the  basal  ones  2'-9'  long,  2"-4"  wide,  nar- 
rowed into  petioles;  flowers  pale  blue,  racemose,  5"-6" 
long;  calyx-lobes  narrowly  lanceolate,  the  sinuses  com- 
monly not  at  all  appendaged;  corolla-tube  3"-4"  long, 
its  lower  lip  pubescent  at  the  base. 

In  swamps  and  ponds,  Delaware  to  I'lorida  and  Louisiana, 
mostly  near  the  coast.     May-July. 

»7 


. 


i 


;;,  I 


CAMPANULACEAE. 


[Voi,.  Ill; 


3.  Lobelia  cardinalis  L.    Cardinal-flower. 
Red  I/)belia.     (Fig.  3502.) 

I.ohrlia  tardinalh  I,.  Sp.  PI.  931).     175.1. 

Perennial  by  offsets;  stem  slightly  pubescent,  or 
glabrous,  leafy,  simple  or  rarely  branched,  2°-4J'^° 
high.  Leaves  oblong,  oval,  ovatc-lanccolale,  or 
lanceolate,  thin,  glal)rous  or  sparingly  pubescent, 
2'-6'  long,  'i'-i'A'  wide,  acuminate  or  acute  at 
both  ends,  crcnulatc  or  denticulate,  the  upper  ses- 
sile, the  lower  petioled;  flowers  racemose,  com- 
monly numerous,  bright  scarlet  or  red  (rarely 
white),  I'-i^'i'  long;  bracts  usually  glandular; 
calyx  glabrous  or  pubescent,  its  lobes  linear,  elon- 
gated, acute;  corolhi-tube  nearly  or  quite  i'  long; 
larger  anthers  glabrous. 

In  moist  soil,  Now  Hrunswick  to  Vlorida,  west  to  the 
Nortluvi'sl  Tcrriliiry,  Kinusas  and  Texas.    July-Scpl. 


4.    Lobelia  syphilitica  L.     Great  Lobelia. 
Blue  Cardinal-flower.     (Fig.  3503.) 

I.obelia  sy/t/ii/i/iia  I..  Sp.  I'l.  9,^1.      175,^ 

Perennial  by  sliort  otfsels;  stem  sparingly  pubes- 
cent, rather  stout,  very  leafy,  usually  simple,  i°-,i° 
high.  I<caves  thin,  green,  glabrous  or  sparingly 
puberulent,  2'-6'  long,  >^'-2'  wide,  oval,  oblong,  or 
lanceolate,  acute  or  acuminate  at  the  apex,  nar- 
rowed at  the  base,  rcpanil-denticuiatc,  or  irregularly 
crenate-dcntate,  sessile,  or  the  lower  obovate,  obtuse 
and  narrowed  into  petioles;  flowers  bright  blue,  or 
occasionally  white,  io"-i2"  long,  densely  race- 
mose, leafy-bracted;  calyx-lobes  lanceolate,  acumi- 
nate, pubescent  or  ciliatc,  the  sinuses  appendiiged 
by  large  deflexcd  auricles;  corolla-tube  5"-6"  long, 
about  2"  thick,  the  lobes  of  its  larger  lip  oblong- 
oval,  obtuse,  glabrous;  larger  anthers  glabrous. 

In  moist  soil,  Maine  and  Ontario  to  Minnesota  and 
Dakota,  south  to  Georfria,  Louisiana  and  Kansas.  Said 
to  hybridi/e  with  the  preci-dinK  species.      July-Oot. 

Lobelia  syphilitica  Ludoviciana  .\.  DC.  Prodr.  7:  ,177.     18,59. 
Glabrous  or  very  nearly  so;  le.ives  thick,  palo  green,  oblong  or  lanceolate,  nearly  entire,  the 
lower  obtuse  and  spatulate:  calyx-lobes  sparingly  pubescent;  lobes  of  the  larger  lip  of  the  corolla 
aeutish.     Nebraska  to  Louisiana. 

5.  Lobelia  amoena  Miclix.    Southern  Lobelia. 
(Fig.  3504.) 

Lobelia  amoi-iia  Michx.  Kl.  Uor.  Am.  2:  152.      1803. 

Nearly  glabrous  throughout,  perennial;  stem  simple, 
slender,  leafy,  i°-4°  high.  Leaves  thin,  oblongdanceo- 
late,  narrowly  oblong,  or  oval,  repand-dentate  or  denticu- 
late, the  lower  petioled  and  mostly  obtuse,  2'-6'  long, 
the  upper  sessile,  acute  or  aeutish,  smaller;  flowers  blue, 
racemose,  nearly  i'  long;  bracts  narrow  and  small,  or  the 
lower  foliaceous,  glandular;  pedicels  \"-2]/2"  long; 
calyx-lobes  linear-subulate,  acmninate,  glabrous,  elon- 
gated, the  sinuses  usually  not  auricled;  corolla-tube  5"- 
7"  long,  iy2"-2"  hick;  larger  anthers  glabrous,  or  pu- 
berulent at  the  tip;  lobes  of  the  larger  lip  of  the  corolla 
broadly  ovate  to  oval,  obtuse,  glabrous. 

In  swanins.  North  Carolina  to  Florida;  probably  within 
our  iirea,  ti      gh  not  reported.     July-Scpt. 

Lobelia  amoina  glandulifera  A.  Gray,  Syn.  Fl.  2:  Part  i,  4.    1878. 
Smaller,  stem  very  slender;  leaves  I'-j'  long,  mostly  obtuse,  glandular-dentate;  bracts  small, 
very  glandular;  raceme  som..'what  secund;  sinuses  of  the  calyx  sometimes  slightly  auricled,  the 
lobes  commonly  glandular.     Southern  Delaware  and  Virginia  to  Florida  and  Alabama. 


Vol.  III.] 


BELLFLOWER  FAMILY, 


Jiiple, 
liceo- 
Iticu- 
Jong, 
plue. 
the 
long; 
Ijlon- 

[5"- 

pu- 

IroUa 

kthiti 

11878. 
|iial1, 
the 


6.  Lobelia  puberula  Miclix.  Downy  Lobelia. 
(Fig.  3505-) 

Lobelia  piibei  Ilia  Slichx.  I'l.  Itor.  Am.  1:  15^.     1803. 

I'erennial,  densely  and  finely  pulierulent  all  over, 
slightly  viscid;  stem  simple,  or  rarely  with  a  few 
branches,  stout  or  slender,  leafy,  i°-3°  high.  Leaves 
oval,  obloiiu,  ovate,  orobovalc,  rather  thick,  the  lower 
pctiolcd,  all  obtuse  or  the  uppermost  acute,  denticu- 
late or  crenatcdentate,  the  teeth  often  f;landular; 
flowers  blue,  S"-i<)"  lonjj,  in  lonj;  spike-like  racemes; 
lower  bracts,  or  sometimes  all  of  them,  foliaceous, 
glandular;  pedicels  very  short;  calyx  hirsute  or  pubes- 
cent, its  lobes  narrowly  lanceolate,  elon>;atcd,  usually 
with  small  short  rounded  auricles  at  the  sinuses;  cor- 
olla-tube about  5"  long,  i"-!^-^"  thick,  the  lobes  of 
its  larger  lip  broadly  ovate,  glabrous;  larger  anthers 
minutely  bearded. 

In  moist  sandy  soil,  sontliirn  New  Jersey  to  Florida,  west 
to  Illinois,  Kansas  and  Texas.  .\sci  luls  to  35i)ofl.  in  North 
Carolina.     .Aug.-Ocl. 

7.    Lobelia  glandulosa  Walt.     Glandular 
Lobelia.     (Fig.  3506.) 

Label  in  glandulosa  Walt.  FI.  Car.  218.      178S. 

I'erennial;  stem  slender,  leafy  below,  nearly  naked 
above,  simple,  glabrous,  or  sparingly  pubescent,  i°-4° 
high.  Leaves  elongated-linear  to  narrowly  lanceolate, 
thick,  glabrous,  strongly  glandular-dentate,  the  lower 
petioled,  obtuse,  often  7'  long  and  4"  wide,  the  upper 
sessile, acutish,  shorter;  flowers racemose-spicate,  secund, 
often  few  and  distant,  blue,  nearly  i'  long;  bracts  nar- 
row, glandular;  peduncles  very  .short,  sometimes  with  a 
pair  of  glands  near  the  base;  calyx-tube  often  densely 
liirsute,  its  lobes  subulate,  the  sinu.ses  not  appendaged; 
corolla-tube  5"-6"  long,  i"-ij-^"  thick,  about  twice  as 
long  as  the  calyx-lobes;  larger  lip  of  the  corolla  pubes- 
cent within  at  the  base,  its  lobes  ovate,  acutish;  anthers 
all  bearded  at  the  tip. 

In  swar.ips  near  the  coast,  southern  Virginia  to  Florida. 
July-Sept. 

8.   Lobelia  spicata  Latn.     Pale  Spiked 
Lobelia.     (Fig.  3507.) 
Lobelia  spicata  I.ani.  Kiicycl.  3:  587.     1789. 

Perennial  or  biennial,  pubcrulent;  stem  strict,  sim- 
ple, leafy,  i°-4°  high.  Leaves  thickish,  pale  green, 
repand-dcntate,  crenulate,  or  entire,  the  basal  ones 
commonly  tufted,  broadly  oblong,  oval,  or  obovate, 
very  obtuse,  narrowed  into  short  petioles,  I'-^yi' 
long;  i'-2'  wide;  stem  leaves  sessile,  oblong,  lanceo- 
late, or  spatulate,  obtuse,  the  uppermost  gradually 
smaller  and  acutish;  flowers  pale  blue,  4"-s"  long, 
densely  or  distantly  racemose-spicate,  the  inflores- 
cence sometimes  2°  long;  bracts  linear,  entire;  pedi- 
cels very  short,  a.scending;  calyx-tube  turbinate,  usu- 
ally glabrous,  shorter  than  its  subulate  spreading 
lobes,  the  sinuses  usually  not  at  all  appendaged;  cor- 
olla-tube about  2%"  long  and  1"  thick. 

In  dry,  mostly  sandy  soil,  or  in  me.idows,  Ontario  to  the 
Northwest  Territory,  south  to  North  Carolina,  Louisiana 
and  Arkansas,     .\scends  to  25c»  ft.  in  Virginia.     June-Aug. 
Lobelia  spic&ta  hirtella  A.t(5ray,  Syn.  Fl. 
Rough  or  roughish;  bracts  and  caly.x-lobes  hirsute  or  ciliato. 
Territory,  south  to  Michigan  and  Kansas. 

Lobelia  spic&ta  parviflora  A.  Gray,  Syn.  Fl.  2:  Part  1,  6.     1878. 
Glabrous  or  nearly  so;  stem  low,  very  slender;  flowers  only  about  3"  long;  calyxlobes  broadly 
subulate.     In  a  swamp  at  Lancaster,  Pa. 


Part  I,  C.     1878. 

Manitoba  to  the  Northwest 


26o 


CAMPAMI.ACKAR. 


[Vol.  III. 


9.  Lobelia  leptostachys  A.  DC.    Spiked 
Lobelia.     (Fig.  3508.) 

I.obilia  /i/</c>s/ac/ijs  .A.  nC.  I'nKlr.  T  ,^76.     1S39. 

Siiniliir  to  the  preceding  species;  stem  usunlly 
stouter,  pubcrulent  or  glabrous,  2°~.\"  high.  Hasal 
leaves  oval  or  obovatc,  obtuse;  sietn  leaves  spatu- 
lato,  oblong,  or  lanceolate,  obtu.se,  sometimes 
slightly  scabrous,  denticulate  or  entire,  or  the  up- 
permost narrower  and  acute;  spikc-likc  raceme 
elongated,  usually  dense;  bracts  linear,  glabrous; 
pedicels  very  short;  calyx-lobes  linear-subulate, 
nearly  as  long  as  the  corolla-tube,  the  sinuses  with 
subulate  deflexcd  auricles;  flowers  blue,  4"-5" 
long. 

Virprinia  to  Oliio  and  Illinois,  deorgia 
Jum-Aii|;. 


Ill  dry  sciil, 
imi  Kansas, 


10.   Lobelia  inflata  L.     Iiidinn 
Tobacco.    Wild  Tobacco.    (Fig.  3509. ) 

f.ohelia  inflala  I..  Sp.  I'l.  <i,v.     175.V 

Annual,  pubescent  or  hirsute,  very  acrid; 
stem  leafy,  commonly  paniculately  branched, 
i°-3°  high.  Leaves  thin,  repand-dentate  or 
denticulate,  the  lower  oval  or  obovate,  ob- 
tuse, I '-2,'^'  long,  narrowed  into  short  peti- 
oles, the  upper  sessile,  oval,  oblong,  ovate,  or 
ovate-lanceolate,  obtuse,  or  the  uppermost 
acute;  flowers  light  blue,  a"-^"  long,  usu- 
ally distant  in  somewhat  spike-like  racemes; 
lower  bracts  foliaceous,  the  upper  subulate; 
pedicels  2"  5"  long  in  fruit;  calyx  glabrous 
or  nearly  so,  its  subulate  lobes  about  as  long 
as  the  corolla;  capsule  inflated,  3"-4"  long, 
finelj'  transversely  veined  between  the  ribs. 

In  fields  and  thickets,  usually  in  dry  st)il,  Labra- 
dor to  the  Northwest  Territory,!  leorKia,  Nebraska 
and  .Vrkiiiisas.    Called  also  Can-root,  I'uke  weed,  .\stliina-weedaiul  Bladder  pod  I.obelia.    July-Nov. 

II.   Lobelia  K^lmii  L.     Brook  or 
Kalni'.s  Lobelia.     (Fig.  3510.) 

/.I'hi'lia  A'lilmii  I,.  Sj).  I'l.  930.     17,5,?. 

Perennial  by  short  offsets,  glabrous  through- 
out, or  sparingly  pulniscent  below;  stem  leafy, 
erect,  paniculately  branched,  rarely  simple, 
slender,  6'-2o'  high.  Lower  and  basal  leaves 
spatulate,  obtuse,  narrowed  into  short  petioles, 
sparingly  repand-denticulate,  or  entire,  e^'-ia" 
long,  ili'-^l'i'  wide;  upper  leaves  sessile,  usu- 
ally longer  and  narrower,  linear,  linear-oblong, 
or  narrowly  spatulate,  the  uppermost  acute; 
flowers  light  blue,  4"-5"  long,in  loose  racemes; 
lower  bracts  linear-lanceolate,  the  upper  subu- 
late; pedicels  nearly  filiform,  4"-i2"  long, 
usually  2-glandular  or  2-bracteolate  near  the 
middle;  calyx-lobes  lanceolate  subulate,  longer 
than  the  turbinate  tube,  the  sinuses  not  appcn- 
daged;  capsule  wholly  inferior,  not  inflated, 
ca.npanulate  or  subglobose,  about  2"  long. 

On  wet  banks,  and  in  wet  meadows,  Nova  Scotia 
to  New  Jersey,  west  to  Ontario,  the  Northwest  Ter- 
ritory, Ohio  and  Michigan.     July-Sept. 


Vol..  III.] 


HEI.Ll'LOWKR   FAMILY. 


261 


(Fig.  351 1.) 


rough- 
leafy, 
li  tuple, 
1  leaves 
kioles, 

|//_12" 

usu- 

Iblong, 

]  acute; 

:emes; 

subu- 

lotig, 

IT  the 

fonger 

Ippcn- 

[flated, 

"g- 

I  Scotia 
1st  Ter- 


12.   Lobelia  Nuttslllii  R.  &  S.     Nuttall's  Lobelia 

/.obelia  f^tatilis  Nutt.  Ocn.  1:  77.      1818.     Not  Audr. 
J.obelia  Aiillallii  K.  &.  H.  Syst.  5:  ,v>.     1819. 

Annual,  or  perhaps  biennial,  glabrous  throughout, 
or  pubcruleut  below;  stem  weak,  usually  reclining, 
very  slender,  loosely  branched,  at  least  when  old,  1  "-3" 
long.  liasal  leives  spatulatc  to  oval,  obtuse,  mostly 
petioled,  6"  12"  long,  slightly  repand,  or  entire;  stem 
leaves  distant,  linear,  linear-oblong,  or  slightly  spatu- 
late,  longer  and  narrower,  entire  or  sparingly  glan- 
dular-denticulate; flowers  2',i"-\"  long,  pale  l)luc, 
loosely  racemose;  bracts  linear  or  the  upper  subulate; 
pedicels  filiform,  2''-.\"  long,  nuked,  or  minutely  2- 
bracteolate  near  the  base;  calyx-lol)CS  subulate,  longer 
than  the  depressed-hemispheric  strongly  ribbed  lube, 
the  sinuses  unappendaged;  cip^ule  depressed-globose, 
half-inferior,  about  l"  long. 

In  sandy  soil.  New  Jersey  and  Pennsylvania  to  I-'lorida 
and  Georgia.     June-Sept. 


13.    Lobelia  Canbyi  A.  Gray.     Caiiby's 
Lobelia.     (Fig.  3512.) 

I  obeli  a  Canbyi  \.  Cray,  Man.  l-;d.  ,S,  284.      |S()7. 

.•\nnual,  slightly  puberulcnt,  usually  glabrous;  stem 
erect,  slender,  paniculately  branched,  or  sim|)le,  2°-3'^ 
high.  Stem  leaves  linear  or  linear-oblong,  ^i '-!,'. 'long, 
)i"~\}'i"  wide,  the  lower  obtuse,  sometimes  slightly 
repand-denticulatc,  the  upper  acute,  narrower,  entire; 
flowers  racemose,  blue,  4"-5'2"long;  lower  bracts  lin- 
ear, the  upper  subulate;  pedicels  erect  or  ascending, 
naked,  filiform,  l"-3"  long;  calyx-lobes  liuear-sub- 
ulatc,  glandular-denticulate,  equalling  or  somewhat 
longer  than  the  narrowly  turbinate  tube,  mostly  shorter 
than  the  tube  of  the  corolla;  capsule  oblong-turbinate, 
2"  long,  shorter  than  the  calyx-tube. 

Swamps,  New  Jersey  to  South  Carolina.     July  Sept. 

Family  41.     CICHORIACEAE  Reichcnb.  Fl.  Kxciirs.  248.     1831. 

ClIIL'ORN'    1'"aMII,V. 

Herbs  (two  Pacific  Island  genera  trees),  almost  always  with  milky,  acrid  or 
bitter  juice,  alternate  or  basal  leaves,  and  yellow,  rarely  pink,  blue  pnrple  or 
white  flowers  in  involiicrate  heads  (anthodia).  Bracts  of  the  involucre  in  i  to 
several  .series.  Receptacle  of  the  head  flat  or  flattish,  naked,  scaly  (paleaceous) 
snKXJth,  pitted,  or  honeycombed.  F'lowers  all  alike  (heads  homogamous), 
perfect.  Calyx-tube  completely  adnate  to  the  ovary,  its  limb  (jjappus)  of 
.scales,  or  simple  or  pltimose  bristles,  or  both,  or  wanting.  Corolla  gamopetal- 
ous,  with  a  .short  or  long  tube,  and  a  strap-shaped  (ligulate)  usually  5-toothed 
liml)  (ray).  Anthers  connate  into  a  tube  around  the  style,  the  sacs  sagittate  or 
auricled  at  the  base,  not  tailed,  usually  appendaged  at  the  summit,  tlie  simple 
pollen-grains  tisually  12-sided.  Ovary i -celled;  ovule  i,  anatropous;  style  very 
slender,  2-cleft,  or  2-lobed,  the  lobes  minutely  papillose.  Fruit  an  achene. 
Seed  erect;  endosperm  none;  radicle  narrower  than  the  cotyledons. 


About  6^  ffenera  and  1400  species,  of  wide  (teoKrapliic  distributioti. 
as  Ligim.iklor.m:,  and  is  often  rcKarded  as  a  tribe  of  the  Co.mimisi  r.\i;. 

-Iv    Pappus  of  scales,  or  of  scales  and  bristles,  or  nunc    see  No.  18 
Flowers  blue  or  white;  pappus  of  blunt  scales. 
I'lowers  yellow. 

Bracts  of  the  involucre  membranous,  or  herbaceous. 
Pappus  none;  acheiies  20  30  nerved. 
Pappus  none;  achenes  H-io  ribbed. 

Pappus  of  rounded  scales,  with  or  without  an  inner  series  of  bristles. 
Bracts  of  the  involucre  thickened  and  keeled  after  floweriuK;  pappus  none 
■X-   ■:-;-   Pappus,  at  least  some  of  it,  of  plumose  IJristles. 
Receptacle  chalTy. 
Receptitcle  naked. 

Plume-branches  of  the  pappus  not  interwebbed. 

I'Mowers  yellow;  plants  scapose,  the  leaves  basal. 
Flowers  yellow;  plants  leafy-steninied. 


The  family  is  also  known 
Ciilioi  iiiiii. 


/.af)saini. 
Seriiiiii. 
Adopoiion. 
A  rnoseris. 


6.  Hyfiochaeris. 


S. 


I.eoiilodon. 
I'icris. 


262 


CICHORIACKAR. 


[Vol,.  III. 


ClioHil)  ilia. 
7 II nixiu  II III. 


Smif/iiis. 
/.tir/iua. 


.Ii;nsfii'<. 
A'ti/lioialais. 
.S';7///n(. 
Ciffiis. 


I'lciwcrs  pink.  9.  Pliloiia, 

^luIm•■braIU■lle^' of  till'  |>api)us  ititcrwulilH'd,  in.    Tiii);i>f<i>i;i>n 

.V.  .V.   .;.;.   Pappus  of  simple  bristles  lof  soft  white  scales  with  or  without  bristles  in  No.  181. 

t  Receptacle  uilli  a  fi-.i  (let  idiioiis  hiistli"^:  floireis  yellow.  n.  Afalacolhi  i  \ 

ft  A'err/>/aile  naked. 
I.  .^chiiR's  spitiulosc.  i>r  with  short  processes  near  the  suiiiniit. 
Heads  few-  (615)  (lowered,  yellow;  stem  l)raiuhiiiK.  12. 

Heads  niaiiy-llowered,  yellow,  solitary  011  scai)es.  1,5. 

2.  .\cheiies  smooth,  or  i)apillosc,  not  spintilose  toward  the  suiiiinit. 
(a)  Acheiies  flattened. 
Aclieiies  truncate,  not  heakitl;  (lowers  yellow.  I  |. 

.Vchen^s  narrowed  at  the  summit,  or  l)eaked;  (lowers  blue  or  yellow.  15. 

(b)  Achenes  cylindric,  or  prismatic, 
.Vchcnes  terete,  not  narrowed  either  at  the  I)  ise  or  summit;  (lowers  pink  or  purple.  iTi,    f.yi;otlesiiiia 
Achenes  narrowed  at  the  bise,  narrowed  or  beaked  at  the  summit;  (lowers  yellow. 
.Vchenes  slender  beaked. 

rapimsbristli  s  not  surrounded  by  a  villous  rinj;  at  base. 

I'lijipus  of  sleiidir  simi)le  bristles.  17. 

I'.ippus  of  narrow  soft  sc.des,  with  or  without  some  slender  bri.stles.     is. 
Pappus  bristles  surrounded  by  a  villous  white  rinj;  at  base.  nj. 

Achenes  merely  narrowed  above,  not  beaked.  20. 

.\clienes  narrowed  at  the  base,  otherwise  columnar,  truncate  1  except  in  2  species  of  /fii'iaeiiiill) 
I'lowers  yellow,  oraiiRe,  or  red.  21.  llieiaeium. 

I'lowers  white,  cream-color,  or  purple.  22.  .Xahalii.',. 

I.   CICHORIUM  L.  Sp.  PI.  813.      175.V 

ICrecl  braiu-hinj;  lierb.s,  with  alternate  and  basal  leaves,  those  of  the  stem  ami  branches 
usually  very  small  and  bract-like,  ami  birj;e  heads  of  blue  purple  pink  or  white  flowers, 
peduucled,  or  in  sessile  clusters  alon.^  tlie  l)ranclies.  Involucre  of  2  series  of  herbaceous 
l)racts,  the  outer  somewhat  spreading,  the  inner  erect  and  subtending,  or  partly  enclosing, 
the  outer  achcties.  Receptacle  flat,  naked,  or  slightly  finibrillate.  Rays  truncate  and  5- 
toothed  at  the  apex.  .Xnthers  sagittate  at  the  base.  Style-branches  slender,  obtusisli. 
.Vcheues  5-angled  or  5-ribbcd,  truncate,  not  beaked.  Pappus  of  2  or  3  scries  of  short  blunt 
scales.     [I'roni  the  .Vrabic  name.] 

About  S  species,  natives  of  the  Old  World. 

I.    Cichorium  Intybus  L.     Chicory.     Wild 

Succory.  HI  tie  Sailors.  Btiiik.  (Fig.  3513. ) 
Ciclioi  iiim  fnlyhiis  I,.  Sp.  1*1.  81  ;.      I7,s,i. 

Perennial  from  a  long  deej)  tap-root;  stems  slightly 
hispid,  stiff,  much  branched,  l°-3°  high.  Hasal  leaves 
spreading  on  the  ground,  runcinate-pinnatifid,  sjiatuhite 
in  outline,  3'-6'  long,  narrowed  into  long  petioles;  up- 
per leaves  much  smaller,  lanceolate  or  oblong,  lobed  or 
entire,  clasping  and  auricled  at  the  base;  heads  numer- 
ous, I'-i'/i'  broad,  1-4  together  in  sessile  clusters  on  the 
nearly  naked  or  bracted  branches;  inner  bracts  of  the  in- 
volucre about  8;  flowers  bright  blue,  or  sometimes  white. 

Roadsides,  fields  and  waste  places.  Nova  Scotia  to  Minne- 
sota, North  Carolina,  Nebraska  and  Missouri.  Abundant 
eastward.  The  (;romid-u])  root  is  used  as  a  substitute  or  adul- 
terant for  colTee.  Flowers  usually  closed  by  noon.  July -Oct. 
Cichorium  Intybus  divaricatum  DC.   I'rodr.  7:  84.     iS-^S. 

Some  or  all  the  heads  on  stout  spreadintf  peihiiiclcs  \' -\' 
lotifr.     I're(|uent  with  the  type. 


2.    LAPSANA  L. 


PI.  811 


ovate,  repand-deiitate,  obtuse,  thin 


.'\nnnal  erect  branching  herbs,  with  alternate  dentate 
or  pinnatifid  lcaves,and  small  panicled  slender-pedunclcd 
heads  of  yellow  flowers.  Involucre  nearly  cylindric,  its 
principal  bracts  in  1  series,  nearly  equal,  with  a  few  ex- 
terior small  ones  at  the  base.  Receptacle  flat,  naked. 
Rays  truncate  and  5-toothed  at  the  apex.  Anthers  sagit- 
tate at  the  base.  Style-branches  slender.  Achenes  obo- 
vate-oblong,  20-30-nerved,  somewhat  flattened,  narrowed 
below,  rounded  at  the  summit.  Pappus  none.  [Greek, 
Inmpsaiia,  the  name  of  a  crucifer.] 

.^bout ')  species,  natives  of  the  Old  World. 

I.    Lapsana  communis  L.     Nipplewort. 
Succory  Dock-cress.     (Fig.  3514.) 

I.apsana  cn»imuni.<i  I,.  Sp.  PI.  811.      175.V 

Stem  paniculatcly  branched,  glabrous  above,  more  or 

less  hispid-pubescent  below,  .    -3^4°  bigh.    Lower  leaves 

pubescent,  or  glabratc,  pctioled,  2'-4''  long,  often  with 


Vor,.  III.] 


CHICORY   FAMIKY. 


263 


2-6  lobes  oil  the  petiole,  the  iipperiiinst  ol)loiij;  or  lanceolate,  sessile,  acute,  much  smaller, 
mostly  entire;  heads  very  numerous,  y,"-W'  broad;  involucre  jblon(»-cylindric,  2"  },"  high, 
of  about  8  linear  (glaucous  princi]>al  bracts  and  several  very  small  outer  ones. 

.\lon>f  roadsidis  and  in  wastf  places,  yiii-bi'c  ami  Ontario  In  NfW  Jersey  and  Pennsylvania.    Also 
on  llie  Pacific  Coast.     .\alnrali/ed  from  ICnropc.    Called  also  ISol^an  leaves,  llalloKan.    Jnne-Sept. 

3,  SERINIA  Raf.  Fl.  I.iuUn.  149.       1817. 
[.Xi-ocoN-  V.W.   Hot.  S.  C.  i\:  C.a.  2:   267.       1H24  1 

Low  ulaucescent  brancliinj;  annual  herbs,  with  alternate  clasping  entire  or  lobed  leaves, 
or  those  of  the  stem  .sometimes  appcarinj;  as  if  opposite,  and  few  small  long-pedunelcd  heads 
of  yellow  flowers.  Invfdiicre  broadly  canipaiiulatc,  its  bracts  about  S,  ecpial,  membranous, 
becoming  concave  after  floweritif;.  Keceptaclc  flat,  naked.  Rays  truncate  and  5-toothcd  at 
the  apex.  Anthers  .sagittate  at  the  base.  Style-branches  slender.  .Achenes  obovoid,  S-io- 
ribbed,  contracted  at  the  base,  rounded  at  the  summit.  I'appus  none,  or  a  mere  vestige, 
[(ireek,  small  chicory.] 

Three  known  species,  natives  of  the  soutlurn  Initid  Stales. 

I.    Serinia  oppositifolia  (Raf.)  Kunt/.e. 
Serinia.      (Fig.  .^515.) 

AOvX'/"  <l/>^l.v////;<//'(^  Kaf.  I'l.  I.iidov.  57.      I'^ir- 
Apoi^on  hiinnlis  V.W.  Hot.  .S.  C   \  Ga.  2:  2U-.      1824. 
Seiiiiia  oppo.si/ifoha  Kuntze,  Rev.  ("■en.  PI.  ,564.      1891. 

Glabrous  throughout,  or  slightly  glandular-pubesccnt 
along  the  ends  of  the  peduncles,  branched  from  the  base, 
4'-io'  high.  Hasal  and  lower  leaves  petiolcd,  oblong-lan- 
ceolate or  spatulate  in  outline,  acute  or  ol)tuse,  entire, 
lobed  or  ])iniiatifid,  ,^'-5'  long,  2"-6"  wide;  upper  leaves 
mainly  .sessile,  clasping,  alternate,  or  appearing  as  if  oppo- 
site, u.sually  entire,  smaller;  i)eduncles  very  slender,  some- 
times 4'  long;  heads  1  H"-!"  broad;  bracts  of  the  involucre 
acute  or  acumiuate,  about  the  length  of  the  rays. 

In  fields,  Missouri  (aceonlinu  to  Tracy  1;  Kansas  to  Te.\as,  east 
to  .South  Carolina  and  Florida.     March-May. 

4.  ADOPOGON  Xcck.  IClem.  i;  55.       1790. 

[Kkic.i.\  Sclireb.  C.en.  I'l.  ,s;,2,      1791.] 

Annual  or  perennial  herbs,  with  scapose  or  leafy  steins,  basal  or  alternate,  entire  sinuate- 
dentate  or  pinnaliful  leaves,  and  small  or  middlc-si/ed  heads  of  yellow  or  orange  flowers, 
solitary  at  the  cud  of  the  scape  or  its  branches.  Involucre  campanulate,  its  herbaceous  bracts 
in  1  or  2  scries,  with  no  exterior  shorter  ones.  Receptacle  flat,  naked.  Rays  truncate  and  5- 
toothed  at  the  apex.  Anthers  sagittate  at  the  base.  Style-branches  slender,  obtusish. 
Achenes  turbinate  or  oblong,  1,5-20-ribhed,  truncate.  Pappus  in  i  or  2  series,  the  outer  of 
thin  broad  rounded  scales,  the  inner  of  slender  naked  bristles,  or  these  sometimes  wanting 
in  the  southwestern  .'/.  iHriiicnlale.     [Greek,  a  pleasing  beard.] 

Five  known  species,  natives  of  North  .Vmcrica. 
Stem  i-lcaved  and  branched  above,  bearing  2-6  heads.  i.  A.  I'hginicnni. 

Scape  naked,  monoceplialons. 

Head  about  1'  broad;  pappus  bristles  12-20;  perennial.  2.  .1.  Dandelion. 

Head  .s"-?"  broad;  paj)])us-bristles  5-7;  annuals. 

lir.acts  of  the  involucre  ,s-8.  remaining  erect,  firm,  keeled.  3.  .(.  occidenlale. 

Uracts  of  the  involucre  S-kS,  at  length  rellexed,  thin.  4.  .1.  Carolinian  urn. 

I.   Adopogon  Virginicum  (L,.)  Kuntze. 
Cynthia.     Virginia  Goatsbeard.     (Fig.  3516.) 

'J'lat^o/ioffon  /7;;(^;«/V«»;  I,.  Sp.  PI.  7Sq.      17,S3. 
A'l  if^ia  amplevuaiilis  Nutt.  Gen.  2;  127.      181S. 
Cviilliia  I'iri^inira  Don,  lidinb.  Phil.  J(mrn.  12;  309.     1S29. 
Adofio);on  I'iiginicuni  Kuntze,  Rev.  Gen.  PI.  304.     1891. 

Perennial,  glabrous  and  glaucous;  stem  l°-2'^  high, 
l-leaved  and  branched  above,  bearing  2-6  long-pedun- 
clcd  heads  at  its  summit  and  an  oblong  clasping  leaf 
below  the  middle.  Hasal  leaves  tufted,  runciuate,  sin- 
uate, denticulate,  or  entire,  2'-7'  long,  narrowed  into 
margined  petioles;  heads  about  i^^' broad;  involucre 
of  9-15  lanceolate  nerveless  bracts  3"-4"  long;  achenes 
nearly  oblong;  pappus  of  10-15  small  oblong  scales 
and  an  equal  or  greater  number  of  capillary  bristles; 
flowers  orange  to  reddish  orange. 

In  moist  woods  and  meadows,  Massacliu.setts  to  southern 
Ontario  and  Manitoba,  GeorKia,  Kentucky,  Missouri  and 
Kansas.     Ascends  to  4000  ft.  in  \'irginia.    May-Oct. 


il 


ciciK)Ri.\ci;.\i'; 

/fir'' 


[Vol.  hi. 


■  3.   Adopogon  Dandelion  (I<.) 
Kntit/e.     Dwarf  Dniidelion  or 
Goalsl)ear<l.     (I'lR.  3517- ) 
Traf,'(>^<ii;i'n  /hnuliliou  I,.  S|).  IM.  IJd.  2,  11 11. 

'7'',V 
A  >;,(,"('  /><i>iiie/i(iit  Null,  (li'ii.  2:  127.      iSiM. 
CvHihia  Ihimleliiiii  DC.  I'rixlr.  7:  H<),      iS_(S. 
.\(iiif>ogoii  Pandflion  Kuiit/e,  Rev.  Gin.  PI.  104. 

I8<)i. 

rcrcnniul,  iicaulescctit,  ^tahrous  and  some- 
what glaucous;  scape  h'-iS'  lii>;li,  slender, 
lealless,  with  a  single  head.  Stolons  filiforni, 
t)cartng  globose  tubers;  leavesall  basal,  tufted, 
linear-lanceolate  tospatulate,  entire,  dcntiL-u- 
late,  sinuate,  or  pinnatifid,  narrowed  at  the 
base,  3'-6'  long,  j" -5"  wide;  head  about  1' 
broad;  involucre  nearly '-j' high;  pappus  sim- 
ilar to  that  of  the  preceding  species. 

In  moist  soil,  Maryland  to  I'lorida,  west  to  Kan- 
sas and  Tfxas.     April-June. 


3.  Adopogon  occidentale  (Nutt.) 

Kuntze.     Western  Dwarf  Damlelion. 

(Fig.  3518.) 

A'l  iff/a  ottidfiilali.s  Nutt.Journ.  Acad.  I'hila.  7:  101. 

•S34. 
Aaopoifon  occuleiilale  Kutitze,   Ktv.  C.cn.   I'l.    i(>t. 
1891'. 

Annual,  acaulesccnt;  scapes  tufted,  2'-S'  high, 
usually  glandular,  at  least  above,  bearing  a  sin- 
gle head  $"~in"  broad.  Leaves  basal,  lanceo- 
late to  obovate,  entire  to  pinuatilid,  mostly 
shorter  than  the  scapes;  involucre  2"-;,"  high, 
its  bracts  5-S,  lanceolate,  becoming  ovate-lan- 
ceolate to  ovate,  firm  and  keeled  at  maturity, 
remaining  crec*,;  achenes  turbinate,  transversely 
wrinkled;  pappus  of  5  obovate  scales  and  usu- 
ally 5  alternating  bristles. 

I'rairies,  soulliern  Missouri  to  'IVx.is. 


4.    Adopogon  Carolinianum  (Walt.) 

Brittoii.     Caroliiiia  Dwarf  Datulelion. 

Krigia.     (Fig.  3519.) 

I/liisffis   I'hginua   I,.  Sp.   PI.  8<k).      175,^      Not 

Tia^opt>);oH  I'l'ri; inn  nm  \,.  1753. 
Jfvoseri.s  Caid/iiiiaiia  Walt.  I'l.  Car.  i(>(.     17^8. 
Krifria  I'hgiiiicaW'WM.  .S)).  I'l.  3;  ifiiS.      1804. 
A'n'x'ia  Caniliniana  Null.  (Jen.  2:  126.      i8i^. 
.\ilof>(ii;oii  Carol inianiim  Hrittou,  Mem.  Torr.  Club, 

5:  346.      1894. 

.Vnnual,  acaulcscent;  scapes  usually  several 
from  the  same  root,  very  slender,  glabrous  or 
hispidulous,  nionoccphalous,  I'-is'  high,  sim- 
ple or  sotnetimes  branched  at  or  near  the  base. 
l.,eavcs  commonly  all  basal,  tufted,  spatulate, 
lanceolate  or  linear,  pinnatifid,  sinuate,  lobcd, 
dentate  or  rarely  entire,  \'~b'  long,  narrowed  at 
the  base  into  usually  margined  petioles;  hea<l 
?i"-~"  broad;  involucre  of  9-1S  linear-lanceo- 
late bracts,  reflexed  after  the  fall  of  the  nar- 
rowly turbinate  somewhat  5-angled  achenes; 
pappus  usually  of  5  round  short  scales  and  5-10 
long  capillary  bristles. 

In  dry,  sandy  soil,  Maine  to  Ontario  and  Minne- 
sota, I'lorida  and  Texas.     April-Aug. 


Vol,.  III.] 


CHICORY   FAMILY. 


265 


or 

|iin- 

|»sc. 
lite, 
led, 

|ut 

Erail 
leo- 
|ar- 

Jcs; 
-10 


5.   ARNOSERIS  Oaertn.  Fr.  it  Sein.  a:  355.  />/.  1^7.      1791. 

.■\  low  niitiual  si'apose  herb,  glabrous,  or  nearly  so,  with  tufted  basal  dentnte  or  nearly 
entire  leaves.  Scapes  several  or  numerous,  simple  or  branched,  upwanUy  thickened  below 
the  solitary  heads  of  yellow  flowers.  Involucre  canipaiiulate,  its  bracts  in  1  series,  narrow, 
equal,  thickened  and  keeled  on  the  back  after  flowering,  larely  with  a  few  outer  minute 
ones.  Receptacle  flat,  pitted,  not  chaffy.  Anthers  sagittate.  Style-branches  obtuse. 
Achenes  oval,  .S-io-ribbed,  narrowe<l  below,  truncate,  or  with  a  denticulate  margin.  Pappus 
none.     [Creek,  lamb-succory.] 

A  monotypic  genus  of  western  ICurope. 

I.   Arnoseris  minima  (L.)  Diitnurt. 
Lamb  Sticcory.     (Fig.  3520.) 

Ifyosrih  minima  I,.  S|).  I'l.  S;^.     1755. 

.li  HDsfi  is  />ii.u//(i  CiiUTtn.  I'r.  iV  Siiu.  3:  VS.S.    1791. 

Ani('\eris  minima  Duiuort.  I'l.  Htlif.  6v     1827. 

vScapcs  slender,  .I'-ia'  high,  leafless,  simple, 
or  with  1-4  branches  mostly  above  the  middle, 
gradually  thickened  and  hollow  upward  for  a 
space  of  an  inch  or  more  below  the  heads. 
Leaves  oblanceolate,  obovate,  or  oblong,  I'-j' 
long,  ,^"- 10"  wide,  usually  coarsely  and  sharply 
toothed,  narrowed  into  margined  petioles;  heads 
.S"  broad,  or  less;  bracts  of  the  involucre  linear- 
lanceolate,  acuminate,  strongly  keeled  after 
flowering,  2"-.|"long,  curving  over  the  achenes. 

Mount  Distrt  Island,  Maine.  KuKitive  from 
Ivuropc.  Also  called  Dwarf  .Swine's-  or  Hog's  Suc- 
cory, Dwarf  Nipplewort.     Summer. 

6.   HYPOCHAERIS  L.  Sp.  PI.  810.      1753. 

Mostly  perennial  herbs,  with  scapose,  often  branched  stems  and  mostly  basal  tufled 
leaves,  pinnatifid  to  entire,  those  of  the  scapes  few,  scale  like,  very  small,  or  none.  Heads 
mostly  large,  long-pedunclcd.  Flowers  yellow.  Involucre  oblong-cylindric  to  campanulate, 
its  bracts  herbaceous,  imbricateil  in  several  scries,  appresseil,  the  outer  smaller.  Receptacle 
flat,  chaffy,  .\nthers  sagittate.  Style-branches  slender,  obtusish.  Achenes  oblong  to 
linear,  ii)-ribbed,  somewhat  narrowed  below,  contracted  above  into  a  long  or  short  beak,  or 
the  outer  tnnicate.  Pappus  of  I  row  of  plumose  bristles,  sometimes  with  some  shorter 
simple  ones.     [Greek,  for  pigs,  which  ate  fond  of  its  roots.] 

About  50  species,  natives  of  ICurope,  Asia  and  .South  .\nierica. 

I.  Hypochaeris  radic^ta  L.     Long- 
rooted  Cat'.s-ear.    Gosmore. 
(Fig.  3521.) 
tfyfxhliaeiis  ladicala  I,.  Sp.  PI.  Sii.     1753, 

Perennial;  stems  several  together,  glabrous, 
slender,  i°-2"  high,  bracted,  or  rarely  simple, 
bearing  a  few  scales.  Leaves  spreading  on 
the  ground,  oblanceolate  to  obovate  in  out- 
line, pinnatifid-lobed  to  dentate,  2'-W  long, 
hirsute  on  both  sides;  involucre  oblong-cyl- 
indric, about  \'  high,  its  bracts  glabrous,  or 
sparingly  pubescent;  heads  i'  broad  or  more; 
chaff  of  the  receptacle  of  narrow  soft  pointed 
scales;  achenes  rough,  all  with  very  slender 
beaks  longer  than  the  body;  flowers  longer 
than  the  involucre. 

In  waste  places,  southern  New  Jersey.  Also 
in  California.  Adventive  or  naturalize<l  froiu 
Kurope.      Native  also  of  Asia.     May-Oct. 

Hypochaeris  glabra  I,.,  llie  smooth  Cats-ear,  a 
sni.nller  species,  with  nearly  or  quite  Rlabrous 
leaves,  fl-jwcrs  scarcely  longer  than  the  involucre,  and  the  outer  achenes  truncate,  has  been  found  as 
a  wail'  in  Maine,  and  is  naturalized  or  adventive  ou  the  Pacific  coast. 


.^/«> 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


-^ 


1.0 


I.I 


^  u&  MM 


12.2 


L'^il'-^  P 

^ 

6"     

► 

fliotograiiiic 

Sciences 

Corporation 


23  WIST  MAIN  STRUT 

WiSSTM.N.Y.  14S80 

(716)S72-4S03 


qv 


# 


<^ 


4^ 


I 


266 


CICHORIACEAE. 


[Voi,.  III. 


Ufji 


m 


ii 

Isij  .1 


7.    LEONTODON  L.  Sp.  PI.  798.      1753. 

Perennial  scapose  berbs,  with  tufted  basal,  mostly  pinnatifiJ  leaves,  branched  and 
-scaly,  or  simple  and  naked  scapes,  and  large  heads  of  yellow  flowers,  solitary  at  the  end 
of  the  scape  or  of  its  branches.  Involucre  ovoid  or  oblong,  its  principal  bracts  in  i  or  2 
series,  nearly  equal,  with  several  series  of  short  outer  ones.  Receptacle  flat,  fimbrillate,  vil- 
lous, or  somewhat  honeycombed.  Rays  truncate  and  5-toothed  at  the  apex.  Anthers  sagit- 
tate at  the  base.  Style-branches  slender.  Achenes  oblong  or  linear,  finely  striate,  contract- 
ed or  beaked  at  the  summit.  Pappus  of  i  or  2  scries  of  plumose  persistent  brownish  bristles, 
somewhat  broadened  at  the  base,  or  the  outer  scnle-like  and  simple.     [Greek,  lion's  tooth.] 

About  45  species,  natives  of  the  Old  World. 
Plant  nearly  (flabrous;  .scape  commonly  branched;  pappus-bristles  all  plum.:>se.     i.  L.  aulumnale. 
Plant  somewhat  hirsute:  scape  simple;  outer  pappus  of  outer  achenes  simple.       2.  L.  nudicaule. 

I.   Leontodon  autumnikle  L.     Fall 

Dandelion.     Autumnal  Hawkbit. 

Lion's- tooth.     (Fig.  3522.) 

Leontodon  aulumnale  L.  Sp.  PI.  798.     1753. 
Apargia  autumnalis  HofTm.  Deutsch.  Fl.  V,A.  2,  1: 

113.      1800. 

Plant  glabrous  or  very  nearly  so  throughout; 
scape  slender,  usually  branched  and  scaly, 
6'-2°  high.  Leaves  narrowly  oblong  to  linear- 
lanceolate,  pinnatifid  into  narrow  lobes,  or  some 
of  them  coarsely  dentate,  s'-S'  long,  3"- 12" 
wide,  acuminate  at  the  apex,  narrowed  into 
rather  short  petioles;  heads  several,  rarely  soli- 
tary, about  i2"-»5"  broad;  involucre  oblong, 
glabrous  or  slightly  pubescent;  achenes  tapering 
into  a  short  beak,  or  the  outer  ones  nearly  terete; 
pappus-bristles  all  plumose. 

In  fields  and  along^  roadsides,  Newfoundland  and 
Ontario  to  New  Jersey,  Pennsylvania  and  Ohio.  Nat- 
uralized from  Europe.  Native  also  of  Asia.  June- 
Nov. 

3.   Leontodon  nudicaille  (I,.)  Porter. 
Rough  or  Hairy  Hawkbit. 
(Fig.  3523-) 
Crepis  nudicaulis  L.  Sp.  PI.  805.     1753. 
Leontodon  Uirtum  h.  Sp.  PI.  Ed.  2,  1123.     1763. 
Leontodon  nudicaule  Porter,  Mem.  Terr.  Club,  5: 

348.     1894. 

Plant  more  or  less  hirsute;  scape  simple, 
slender,  4'-i2'  high,  minutely  scaly,  or  naked. 
Leaves  linear-oblong  to  narrowly  spatulate, 
acute  or  obtuse,  not  acuminate,  nearly  entire, 
coarsely  sinuate-dentate  or  sometimes  pinnati- 
fid, 2'-5'  long,  y-8"  wide,  narrowed  into  peti- 
oles; head  solitary  at  the  end  of  the  scape,  5"- 
10"  broad;  involucre  canescent  or  pubescent; 
outer  achenes  with  an  outer  pappus  of  simple  nar- 
row scales  and  an  inner  one  of  plumose  bristles. 

In  ballast  and  waste  places  about  the  eastern  sea- 
ports. Also  at  Seidersville,  Penn.  (Bechdoldt),  and 
on  Vancouver  Island  (Macoun).  Adventive  from 
Europe.    June-Get 

8.   PICRIS  I,,  sp.  PI.  792.      1753. 

Erect  hispid,  mostly  branching,  leafy  herbs,  with  alternate  leaves  (in  our  species),  and 
rather  large,  usually  corymbose  or  paniculate  heads  of  yellow  flowers.  Involucre  campanu- 
late  or  cup-shaped,  its  principal  bracts  in  i  series,  nearly  equal,  with  2-3  series  of  small  or 
large  exterior  spreading  ones.  Receptacle  flat,  short-fimbrillate.  Rays  truncate  and  5- 
toothed  at  the  apex.  Anthers  sagittate  at  the  base.  Style-branches  slender.  Achenes  linear 
or  oblong,  somewhat  incurved,  terete  or  angled,  s-io-ribbed  and  transversely  wrinkled,  nar- 
rowed at  the  base  and  summit,  or  beaked  in  some  species.  Pappus  of  i  or  2  series  of  slender 
plumose  bristles.     [Greek,  bitter.] 

About  35  species,  natives  of  the  Old  World,  one  perhaps  indig^enous  in  Alaska. 
Outer  involucral  bracts  linear;  achenes  not  beaked.  i.  P.  hieracioides. 

Outer  involucral  bracts  ovate,  foliaceous;  achenes  short-beaked.  a.  P.  ecMoides. 


m 


Vol,.  III.] 


CHICORY  FAMILY. 


267 


I.   Picris  hieracioides  L. 

Hawkweed  Picris. 
(Fig.  3524.) 

Picris  hieracioides  L.  Sp.  PI.  792.      1753. 

Biennial,  more  or  less  hispid,  much 
branched,  i°-3°  high.  Leaves  lanceolate 
or  oblong-lanceolate,  dentate,  or  nearly 
entire,  the  basal  narrowed  into  petioles, 
acute,  often  6'  long,  those  of  the  stem 
mostly  sessile  and  smaller;  heads  numer- 
ous, %'-i'  broad;  involucre  ^"-6"  high, 
its  outer  bracts  linear,  subulate,  spread- 
ing, the  inner  linear-lanceolate,  acumi- 
nate; pappus  copious,  nearly  white. 

In  waste  places,  Illinois,  Pennsylvania, 
New  Jersey,  and  in  ballast  about  the  seaports. 
Adventive  from  Europe.  Native  also  of  Asia. 
Very  bitter.  June-Sept.  Old  name  Langde- 
beef. 


2.   Picris  echioides  L.     Bristly 
Ox-tongue.     (Fig.  3525-) 

Picris  echioides  L.  Sp.  PI.  792.      1753. 
Helmintha  echioides  Gaertn.  Pruct.  &  Sem.  a: 
368.     1802. 

Annual  or  biennial,  branched,  hispid;  stem 
about  2%°  high.  Basal  and  lower  leaves 
spatulate  or  oblong,  obtuse,  repand-dentate, 
2'-6'  long,  narrowed  into  petioles;  upper 
leaves  sessile  and  clasping,  oblong  or  lanceo- 
late, smaller,  the  uppermost  mainly  acute 
and  entire;  heads  numerous,  rather  crowded, 
short- peduncled,  about  }4'  broad;  outer 
bracts  of  the  involucre  4  or  5,  foliaceous, 
ovate,  acute,  hispid-ciliate,  the  inner  ones 
lanceolate,    membranous;   achenes   beaked. 

In  waste  places.  Nova  Scotia  and  Ontario,  and 
in  ballast  about  the  seaports.  Fngitive  from 
Europe.  July-Sept.  Called  also  Bugloss  and 
Bugloss  Picris. 


9.   PTILORIA  Raf.  Atl.  Journ.  145.     1832. 
[Stephanomkria  Nutt.  Trans.  Amer.  Phil.  Soc.  (II)  7:   427.       1841.] 

Annual  or  perennial,  mostly  glabrous,  often  glaucous  herbs,  with  erect,  simple  or  branched, 
usually  rigid  stems,  alternate  or  basal,  entire  dentate  or  runcinate-pinnatifid  leaves,  those  of 
the  stem  and  branches  often  reduced  to  subulate  scales,  and  small  erect  heads  of  pink  flow- 
ers, paniculate,  or  solitary  at  the  ends  of  the  branches,  opening  in  the  morning.  Involucre 
cylindric  or  oblong,  its  principal  bracts  few,  equal,  scarious-margined,  slightly  united  at  the 
base,  with  numerous  short  exterior  ones  and  sometimes  a  few  cf  intermediate  length.  Re- 
ceptacle flat,  naked.  Anthers  sagittate  at  the  base.  Style-branches  slender.  Achenes  ob- 
long or  linear,  terete  or  columnar,  s-ribbed,  truncate  or  beaked  at  the  summit,  the  ribs 
«mooth  or  rugose.  Pappus  of  i  series  of  rather  rigid  plumose  bristles.  [Greek,  referring  to 
the  feathery  pappus.  ] 

About  16  species,  natives  of  western  and  central  North  America. 
Involucre  about  5"  high;  pappus  brownish,  plumose  to  near  the  base.  i.  P.  pauciflora. 

Involucre  about  4"  high;  pappus  white,  plumose  quite  to  the  base.  2.  P.  tenut/olia. 


268 


CICHORIACEAE. 


[Voi,.  Ill, 


2.   Ptiloria  tenuifdlia  (Torr.) 

Raf.     White-plumed  Ptiloria 

(Fig.  3527.) 

Prenanthes  f  tenuifolia  Torr.  Ann.  Lye.  a: 
210.     1828. 

Ptiloria  tenuifolia  Raf.  Atl.  Joum.  145,   1832. 
Lygodesmic  minor  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.Am.  i:  205. 

pi.  loj  A.      1833. 
Stephanomeria  »«»«or  Nutt.  Trans.  Am.  Phil. 

Soc,  (II)  7:  427.      1841. 

Similar  to  the  preceding  species,  but 
commonly  lower,  bushy-branched,  the 
branches  ascending.  Basal  leaves  runci- 
nate-pinnatiSd,  those  of  the  stem  linear 
or  filiform,  entire,  or  sometimes  runcinate- 
dentate,  the  uppermost  reduced  to  small 
scales;  heads  numerous,  usually  solitary 
at  the  ends  of  the  branchlets;  involucre 
about  \"  high ;  pappus  bright  white,  very 
plumose  to  the  base. 

Plains  and  dry, rocky  soil,  Northwest  Terri- 
tory to  western  Nebraska  and  Texas  to  Brit- 
ish Columbia,  Arizona  and  California.  May - 
Aug. 


I.   Ptiloria  paucifldra  (Torr.) 

Raf.     Brown-plumed  Ptiloria. 

(Fig.  3526.) 

Prenanthes?  pauciflora  Torr.  Ann.  I,yc.  N. 

Y.  3:  210.      1827. 
Ptiloria  pauciflora  Raf.  Atl.  Joum.  145.  1832. 
Stephanomeria  runcinata  Nutt.  Trans.  Am. 

Phil.  Soc.  (11)7:427.      1841. 

Perennial;  stem  rather  stout,  striate, 
rigid,  divergently  branched,  i°-2°  high. 
Basal  and  lower  leaves  runcinate-pinnati- 
fid,  \'-2%'  long,  },"-(>"  wide,  the  upper 
all  short  and  narrowly  linear  or  reduced 
to  scales;  heads  somewhat  racemose-pan- 
iculate along  the  branches,  usually  about 
5-flowered;  involucre  A,"-h"  bigh;  rays 
\"-2"  long;  pappus  brownish,  plumose 
to  near  the  base. 

Plains,  Nebraska  and  Wyoming  to  Texas 
and  California.     Summer. 


xo.   TRAGOPOGON  L.  Sp.  PI.  789,     1753. 

Biennial  or  perennial,  erect  usually  branched,  somewhat  succulent  herbs,  with  slender 
fleshy  tap-roots,  alternate  entire  linear-lanceolate  long-acuminate  leaves,  clasping  at  the 
base,  and  long-peduncled  large  heads  of  yellow  or  purple  flowers,  opening  in  the  early 
morning,  usually  closed  by  noon.  Involucre  cylindric  or  narrowly  campanulate,  its  bracts 
in  I  series,  nearly  equal,  acuminate,  united  at  the  base.  Rays  truncate  and  5  toothed  at  the 
apex.  Anthers  sagittate  at  the  base.  Style-branches  slender.  Achenes  linear,  terete,  or 
5-angled,  5-10-ribbed,  terminated  by  slender  beaks,  or  the  outermost  beakless.  Pappus- 
bristles  in  I  series,  plumose,  connate  at  the  base,  the  plume-branches  interwebbed.  [Greek, 
goats-beard.] 

About  35  species,  natives  of  the  Old  World. 

Flowers  yellow;  involucral  bracts  equalling^  or  shorter  than  the  rays.  i.   T.  pratensis. 

Flowers  purple;  involucral  bracts  much  longer  than  the  rays.  2.  T.  porrifolius. 


Voi,.  III.] 


CHICORY  FAMILY, 


X.  Tragopogon  pratdnsis  L.   Yellow 

Goat's-beard.     Meadow  Salsify. 

(Fig.  3528-) 

Tragopogon  pralensis  L.  Sp.  PI.  789.     1753. 

Stem  branched,  i^°-3°  high.  Leaves 
keeled,  tapering  from  the  broad,  more  or  less 
clasping  base  to  a  very  long  acuminate  tip, 
the  lower  sometimes  10'  long  and  \'  wide; 
peduncles  thickened  at  the  top;  heads  1'- 
1^^'  broad;  bracts  of  the  involucre  about  8, 
lanceolate,  acuminate,  shorter  than  or  equal- 
ling (rarely  exceeding)  the  yellow  rays; 
marginal  achenes  striate,  smooth  or  rough- 
ened. 

In  fields  and  waste  places,  New  Brunswick  to 
New  Jersey,  Ontario,  Ohio  and  Manitoba.  Nat- 
uralized from  Europe.  June-Oct.  Called  also 
Buck's-beard,  Noon-flower,  Star  of  Jerusalem, 
Noontide,  Joseph's  flower,  Go-to-bed-at-noon. 


2.  Tragopogon  porrifdiius  L. 

Oyster  Plant.    Salsify.    Purple  Goat's 

Beard.     (Fig.  3529O 

Tragopogon  porri/olius  L.  Sp.  PI.  789.     «753' 

Taller,  sometimes  4^°  high.  Peduncles 
very  much  thickened  and  hollow  for  i  to  3 
inches  below  the  heads;  heads  3^-4'  broad, 
very  showy;  bracts  of  the  involucre  linear- 
lanceolate,  acuminate,  usually  much  longer 
than  the  purple  rays;  achenes  sometimes  2' 
long,  the  outer  ones  covered  with  scale-like 
tubercles,  especially  on  the  ribs  below. 

In  fields  and  waste  places,  Ontario  to  New 
Jersey,  west  to  Minnesota  and  Nebraska,  mostly 
escaped  from  gardens,  where  it  is  common. 
Native  of  Europe.  Called  also  Vegetable  Oyster, 
Jerusalem  Star,  Nap-at-noon,  Oyster-root.  Nat- 
uralized as  a  weed  on  the  Pacific  Coast.  The 
root  is  the  familiar  vegetable  known  as  Oyster 
Plant.  An  apparent  hybrid  between  this  and 
the  preceding  species  has  been  noticed  at  New 
Brunswick,  N.  J.     June-Oct. 


XI.   MALACOTHRIXDC.  Prodr.  7:  192.     1838. 

Annual  or  perennial,  branching  or  scapose  herbs,  with  alternate  or  basal,  mostly  pinnat- 
ifid  leaves,  and  long-peduncled  panicled  or  solitary  heads  of  yellow  or  rarely  white  flowers. 
Involucre  campanulate,  its  principal  bracts  in  i  or  2  series,  equal  or  nearly  so,  with  sev- 
eral series  of  shorter  exterior  ones.  Receptacle  flat,  naked  or  bristly.  Rays  traucate  and 
5-toothed  at  the  apex.  Atthers  sagitUte  at  the  base.  Style-branches  alender.  Achenes 
oblong  or  linear,  glabrous,  io-15-ribbed,  4  or  5  of  the  riba  usually  more  prominent  than  the 
others,  truncate,  or  margined  and  4-5-toothed  at  the  summit.  Pappus-bristles  in  2  series, 
the  inner  naked  or  minutely  serrulate,  slender,  coherent  at  the  base  and  deciduous  in  a  ring, 
the  outer  few  (i-S),  more  persistent,  or  all  deciduous  in  our  species.  [Greek,  soft-hair,  in 
allusion  to  the  soft  pappus.] 

About  15  species,  natives  of  the  western  and  southwestern  United  States  and  lower  California. 


CICHORIACEAE.  [Vol..  III. 

J.  Malacothrix  sonchoides  (NuttOI"-  &.G. 
Malacothrix.      (Fig.  3530.) 

Leploseris  sonchoides  Nutt.  Trans.  Am.  Phil.  Soc.  (II)  7: 

439.     1841. 
Malacothrix  sonchoides  T.  &  G.  Fl.  N.  A.  a:  486.     1843. 

Annual,  glabrous  throughout,  or  slightly  glandular; 
stem  branched,  6'-i2'  high.  Leaves  somewhat  fleshy, 
oblong  or  linear-oblong  in  outline,  pinnatifid  and  the 
lobes  dentate  with  mucronate-pointed  teeth,  the  basal 
ones  i%'-i'  long,  narrowed  into  short  broad  petioles, 
those  of  the  stem  smaller,  sessile;  heads  several  or 
numerous,  8"-i3'''  broad;  principal  bracts  of  the  in- 
volucre linear,  acute,  scarious-margined,  the  outer 
short,  oblong,  obtuse,  or  acutish;  achenes  linear-ob- 
long, margined  at  the  ,9ummit  by  a  15-denticulate 
white  border;  pappus-bristles  all  deciduous. 

On  dry  plAins,  western  Nebraska  and  Kansas  to  Cali- 
fornia and  New  Mexico.     May-Aug. 

12.   CHONDRIlLA  L.  Sp.  PI.  796.     1753. 

Perennial  herbs,  with  stiff  divaricately  branched  stems,  the  basal  leaves  large  and  mostly 
pinnatifid,  those  of  the  stem  small,  narrow,  alternate,  and  few  middle  sized  heads  of  yellow 
flowers  mostly  solitary  at  the  ends  of  the  branches.  Involucre  cylindric,  several-flowered, 
its  inner  bracts  in  i  or  2  series,  nearly  equal,  with  several  series  of  small  or  minute  outer 
ones.  Receptacle  flat,  naked.  Rays  truncate  and  5-toothed  at  the  summit.  Anthers  sagit- 
tate at  the  base.  Style-branches  slender.  Achenes  oblong  or  linear,  4-5-angled,  many- 
ribbed,  more  or  less  spiny  near  the  summit,  abruptly  contracted  into  a  beak.  Pappus  of 
copious  soft  white  simple  bristles.  [Greek,  lump,  from  the  gummy  matter  borne  on  the  stems 
of  some  species.] 

About  18  species,  natives  of  the  Old  World. 

X.   Chondrilla  juncea  L.     Gum  Succory. 
(Fig-  3531.) 

Chondrilla  juncea  X,.  Sp.  PI.  796.     1753. 

Stem  rush-like,  hirsute  at  the  base,  glabrous 
above,  much  branched,  i°-3°  high.  Basal  leaves 
runcinate-pinnatifid,  those  of  the  stem  linear  or 
linear-lanceolate,  acute,  dentate  or  entire,  ses- 
sile, yi'-iyi'  long,  yi'''-i}i'  wide;  heads  termi- 
nal and  lateral  on  the  branches,  short-pedun- 
cled  or  sessile,  \"-(i"  broad;  involucre  glabrous 
or  nearly  so,  about  ^"  high,  its  inner  bracts  nar- 
rowly linear;  achenes  muricate  and  spiny  near 
the  summit,  slightly  shorter  than  the  filiform 
beak. 

In  dry  fields  and  waste  places,  Maryland  and  Vir- 
ifinia.  Naturalized  from  Continental  Europe.  July- 
Aug.    Called  also  Naked-weed,  Skeleton-weed. 


13.  TARAXACUM  Hall.  Stirp.  Helv.  x:  23.  1768. 
Perennial  acftulesceut  herbs,  with  twsal  tufted  pinnatifid  or  sinuate-dentate  leaves,  and 
larjfe  heads  of  yellow  flowers,  solitary,  or  very  rarely  a  or  3  together  at  the  ends  of  naked 
hollow  scapes.  Involucre  oblong  or  campanulate,  its  inner  bracts  in  i  series,  nearly  equal, 
slightly  united  at  the  base,  the  outer  of  several  series  of  shorter  somewhat  eading  ones, 
often  reflezed  at  maturity.  Receptacle  flat,  naked.  Rays  truncate  and  5-tootued  at  the  sum- 
mit. Anthers  sagittate  at  the  base.  Style-branches  slender,  obtusish.  Achenes  r^Moiig  or 
linear-fusiform,  4-5-angled,  5-io-nerved,  roughened  or  spinulose,  at  least  above,  tapering  into 
a  very  iilender  beak.  Pappus  of  numerous  filiform  unequal  simple  persistent  bristles. 
[Name  of  some  wild  succory,  probably  of  Arabic  or  Persian  origin.] 

About  ao  species,  natives  of  the  northern  hemisphere  and  southern  South  America. 
Outer  involucral  bracts  reflexed;  achenes  greenish  brown,  the  beak  2-3  times  their  length. 

I.  T.  Taraxacum. 
Outer  involucral  bracts  spreading  or  ascending;  achenes  red,  the  beak  not  more  than  twice  their 
length.  2.   7".  erythrospermum. 


Vol.  III.] 


CHICORY   FAMILY. 


271 


I.   Taraxacum  Taraxacum  (L.)  Karst.    Dandelion.    Blowball.    (Fig.  3532.) 


Leontodon  Taraxacum  L.  Sp.  PI.  798.     1753. 
officinale  Weber,  Prim.  PI.  Hoist.  56.    1780. 
T.  Dens-leonis  Desf. 


T.of, 


i4x>! 
1 1 38. 


their 
trmum. 


Hcinale  Weber,  Prim.  PI.  Hoist.  56. 
'  Fl.  Atlant.  a-  228. 
T.    Taraxacum    Karat.    Deutsch.    Fl. 
1880-83. 

Root  thick,  deep,  often  10'  long,  bitter. 
Leaves  oblong  to  spatulate  in  outline, 
usually  pubescent,  at  least  when  young, 
acute  or  obtuse,  pinnatifid,  sinuate-dentate 
or  rarely  nearly  entire,  rather  succulent, 
3'-io'  long,  ^''-2>i'  wide,  narrowed  into 
petioles;  scape  erect,  2'-i8'  high;  head 
I'-a'  broad;  containing  very  numerous 
golden-yellow  flowers  (150-200),  inner 
bracts  of  the  involucre  linear  or  linear- 
lanceolate,  the  outer  similar,  shorter,  not 
glaucous,  reflexed,  all  acute;  achenes 
greenish-brown,  fusiform,  spinulose  above, 
narrowed  into  a  filiform  beak  2-3-times 
their  length,  which  support  the  copious 
white  pappus,  the  fruiting  mass  of  whi  h> 
becomes  globose  when  ripe. 

In  fields  and  waste  places.  Perhaps  indi- 
genous northward,  southward  naturalized  as  a  weed  from  Europe.  Also  in  Asia  and  distributed  as 
a  weed  in  all  civilized  parts  of  the  world.  Jan.-Dec.  Called  also  Lion's-tooth,  Cankerwort,  Milk-, 
Witch-,  or  Yellow-Gowan,  Irish  Daisy,  Monk's-head,  Priest's  Crown,  Puff-ball. 

Taraxacum  Tar^bcacum  alplnum  (Koch)  Porter,  Mem.  Torn  Club,  5:  349.     1894. 
Taraxacum  officinale  var.  alpinum  Koch,  Fl.  Germ.  &  Helv.  428.     1837. 

Outer  bracts  of  the  involucre  spreading,  ovate  or  ovate-lanceolate.  Labrador  to  British  Co- 
lumbia, south  in  the  Rocky  Mountains  to  Utah  and  Colorado  and  in  the  Sierra  Nevada  to  California. 
Also  in  Europe.     Probably  a  distinct  species,  and  indigenous. 

a.  Taraxacum  crythrospirmum  Andrz. 
Red-seeded  Dandelion.     (Fig.  3533.) 

Taraxacum  erythrospermum  Andrz.  in  Bess.  Enum. 
PI.  Volh.  75.     1821. 

Similar  to  the  preceding  species,  the  leaves  gla- 
brous, very  deeply  runcinate-pinnatifid  or  pin- 
nately  divided  into  narrower  triangular-lanceolate 
usually  long-pointed  segments;  scapes  glabrous, 
or  pubescent  above;  heads  rarely  more  than  i' 
broad,  70-90. flowered;  bracts  of  the  involucre 
glaucous,  the  outer  lanceolate,  spreading  or  as- 
cending, the  inner  linear,  longer,  each  usually 
with  an  appendage  just  below  the  tip;  flowers 
sulphur-yellow,  the  outer  rays  purplish  without; 
achenes  narrower,  bright  red,  or  red-brown,  spin- 
ulose above,  the  filiform  beak  not  more  than  twice 
their  length;  pappus  dirty  white. 

In  fields  and  woods,  Maine  to  southern  New  York 
and  Pennsylvania,  and  probably  much  more  widely 
distributed.    Naturalized  from  Europe  ?    April-June. 

14.   SONCHUS  L.  Sp.  PI.  793.     1753. 

Annual  or  perennial  succulent  herbs,  with  alternate,  mostly  auriculate-clasping,  entire 
dentate  lobed  or  pinnatifid,  prickly-margined  leaves,  and  large  or  middle-sized,  peduncled 
corymbose  or  paniculate  heads  of  yellow  flowers.  Involucre  ovoid  or  campanulate,  usually 
becoming  thickened  and  more  or  leas  conic  at  the  base  when  old,  its  bracts  herbaceous  or 
membranous,  imbricated  ia  several  series,  the  outer  successively  smaller.  Receptacle  flat, 
naked.  Rays  truncate  and  5-toothed  at  the  apex.  Anthers  sagittate  at  the  base.  Style- 
branches  slender.  Achenes  oval,  oblong,  or  linear,  more  or  less  flattened,  io-20-ribbed,  some- 
what narrowed  at  the  base,  truncate.  Pappus  of  very  copious  soft  white  simple  capillary 
bristles,  usually  falling  away  connected,  nometimes  with  i  or  2  stouter  ones  which  fall  sepa- 
rately.   [The  Greek  name  of  the  Sow-thistle.] 

About  45  species,  natives  of  the  Old  World.  Besides  the  following,  another  occurs  on  the  Pa- 
cific Coast. 


37a 


CICHORIACEAE. 


tVoi<.  III. 

Involucre  glandular-pubescent:  heads  nearly  i'  high.  i.  5.  arvensis. 
Involucre  glabrous;  heads  6"-8"  high. 

Auricles  of  the  leaves  acute;  achenes  striate  and  transversely  wrinkled.  a.  S.  oUraceus. 

Auricles  rounded;  achenes  ri'jbed,  not  transversely  wrinkled.  3.  S.  asper. 

I.   Sonchus  arv6nsis  L.     Corn  Sow- 
Thistle.    Milk  Thistle.    (Fig.  3534.) 

Sonchus  arvensis  I,.  Sp.  PI.  793.     1753. 

Perennial  by  deep  roots  and  creeping  rootstocks, 
glabrous;  stem  leafy  below,  patiiculately  branched 
and  nearly  naked  above,  2°-i\°  high.  Lower  and 
basal  leaves  runcinate-pinnatiAd,  often  13'  long, 
spinulose-dentate,  narrowed  into  short  petioles, 
the  upper  pinnatifid  or  entire,  lanceolate,  clasping; 
heads  several  or  numerous,  corymbose-paniculate, 
i'-2'  broad,  bright  yellow,  very  showy;  involucre 
nearly  i'  high,  its  bracts  a4  also  the  peduncles 
glandular-bristly;  achenes  oblong,  compressed, 
with  about  to  rugose  longitudinal  ribs. 

In  low  grounds  along  salt  meadows  and  streams,  New 
Jersey  to  Quebec  and  at  Great  Salt  Uike,  Utah,  and  in 
fields  and  along  roadsides,  Newfoundland  to  Minnesota. 
Naturalized  from  Europe.  Native  also  of  Asia.  July- 
Oct.  Called  also  Dindle,  Gutweed,  Swine  Thistle, 
Tree  Sow-Thistle. 


a.    Sonchus  olerikceus  L.     Annual 

Sow-Thistle.     Hare's  I^ettuce. 

(Fig-  3535.) 

Sonchus  oUraceus  L.  Sp.  PI.  794.     1753. 

Annual,  with  fibrous  roots;  stem  leafy  be- 
low, nearly  simple,  i°-io''  high.  Basal  and 
lower  leaves  petioled,  lyrate-pinnatifid,  4'- 
ic/  long,  the  terminal  segment  commonly 
large  and  triangular,  the  margins  denticulate 
with  mucronate  or  scarcely  spiny  teeth;  up- 
per leaves  pinnatifid,  clasping  by  an  auricled 
or  sagittate  base,  the  auricles  acute  or  acum- 
inate; uppermost  leaves  often  lanceolate  and 
entire;  heads  several  or  numerous,  pale  yel- 
low, ^"-15"  broad;  involucre  glabrous,  (/'- 
%"  high;  achenes  flat,  longitudinally  ribbed 
and  transversely  rugose. 

In  fields  and  waste  places,  a  common  weed  in 
most  cultivated  parts  of  the  globe  except  the  ex- 
treme north.  Also  in  Central  and  South  Amer- 
ica.   Naturalized  from  Europe.    Called  also  Hare's  Colewort  or  Thfstle,  Milk-weed,  Milk  Thistle, 

Milky  Tassel,  Swinies.    The  leaves  used  as  a  salad 
and  as  a  pot  herb.    May-Nov. 

3.  Sonchus  &sper  (L. )  All.     Spiny  or 
Sharp-fringed  Sow-Thistle.     (Fig.  3536.) 

Sonchus  oleraceusvax.  asper.  L.  Sp.  PI.  794.     1753. 
Sonchus  asper  W\.  Fl.  Ped.  i:  222.      1785. 

Annual,  similar  to  the  preceding  species;  leaves 
undivided,  lobed  or  sometimes  pinnatifid,  spinu- 
lose-dentate to  spinulose-denticulate,  the  lower 
and  basal  ones  obovate  or  spatulate,  petioled,  the 
upper  oblong  or  lanceolate,  clasping  by  an  auri- 
cled base,  the  auricles  rounded;  heads  several  or 
numerous,  1'  broad  or  less;  flowers  pale  yellow; 
involucre  glabrous,  about  6"  high;  achenes  flat, 
longitudinally  ribbed. 

In  waste  places  throughout  most  of  our  area  and 
in  tropical  and  South  America.  Widely  distributed 
as  a  weed  in  nearly  all  cultivated  parts  of  the  earth. 
Naturalized  from  Europe.     May-Nov. 


1.1;. 


Vor,.  III.] 


CHICORY  FAMILY. 


^73 


15.  LACTUCA  L.  Sp.  PI.  795.  1753. 
Tall  leafy  herbs,  with  small  panicled  heads  of  yellow  white  or  blue  flowers,  and  alter- 
nate leaves.  Involucre  cyliadric,  its  bracts  imbricated  in  several  scries,  the  outer  shorter,  or 
of  I  or  1:  series  of  principal  nearly  equal  inner  bracts,  and  several  rows  of  short  outer  ones. 
Receptacle  flat,  naked.  Rays  truncate  and  5-toothed  at  the  summit.  Anthers  sagittate  at 
the  base.  Style-branches  mostly  slender.  Achcnes  oval,  oblong  or  linear,  flat,  3-s-ribbed 
on  each  face,  narrowed  above  or  contracted  into  a  narrow  beak,  which  is  somewhat  expanded 
at  the  summit  into  a  small  disk  bearing  the  copious  soft  capillary  white  or  brown  pappus- 
bristles.  [The  Ancient  Latin  name,  from  lac,  milk,  referring  to  the  milky  juice.] 
About  95  species,  natives  of  the  northern  hemisphere. 

-M-  Pappus  bright  white. 
I.  Leaves  spiny-margined  and  often  with  spiny  or  hispid  midribs;  Powers  yellow. 
Heads  6-ia-flowered:  involucre  very  narrow,  4"-6"  high.  i.  L.  Scariola. 

Heads  iJ-20-flowered;  involucre  broader. 

Involucre  8"-g"  high;  achene  about  as  lonp  as  its  beak.  a.  L.  Ludoviciana. 

Involucre  4"-6"  high;  achene  longer  than  Us  beak.  5.  L.  sagitti/olia. 

2.  Leaves  neither  spiny-margiiied  nor  with  spiny  midribs. 
(a)  Achenes  very  thin,  flat,  contracted  into  filiform  or  tapering  beaks, 
Outer  involucral  bracts  abruptly  shorter  than  the  inner;  heads  4"-7"  high;  flowers  yellow. 
Leaves,  or  some  of  them,  pinnatifid. 

Plant  glabrous  throughout.  3°-io°  high.  3. 

Leaves,  at  least  their  midribs,  hirsute;  plant  i°-6°  high.  4. 

Leaves  entire  or  dentate,  none  of  them  pinnatifid. 

Leaves  oblong  or  oblong-lanceolate;  achene  longer  than  the  beak.  5. 

Leaves  lanceolate;  achene  about  equalling  the  beak.  3. 

Outer  bracts  gradually  shorter;  heads  8"-io"  high;  flowers  blue.  6. 

(b)  Achenes  beakless  or  with  short  necks,'thickish;  flowers  blue. 
Leaves  oblong  to  ovate,  acuminate,  dentate.  7,  L.  villosa. 

Leaves  pinnatifid,  the  terminal  segment  commonly  triangular.  8.  /..  Floridana. 

#  -X-  Pappus  brown;  flowers  blue.  9.  L.  spica/a. 

I.  Lactuca  Scariola  L.     Prickly 
Lettuce.     (Fig.  3537-) 
Lactuca  Scariola  L.  Sp.  PI.  Ed.  2,  11 19.    1763. 

Biennial,  green  and  glaucous;  stem  stiff,  leafy, 
usually  paniculately  branched, glabrous  through- 
out, or  hirsute  at  the  base,  2''-^°  high.  Leaves 
oblong  or  oblong-lanceolate,  spinulose-mar- 
^ined,  denticulate  or  pinnatifid,  sessile  or  auricu- 
late-clasping,  the  lowest  sometimes  10'  long  and 
3'  wide,  the  upper  much  smaller;  midrib  spinu- 
lose  or  hispid;  heads  2"-4"  broad,  6-i2-flowercd; 
very  numerous  in  an  open  panicle;  involucre  cyl- 
indric,  \"-\}^"  thick,  its  outer  bracts  about 
one-third  the  length  of  the  inner;  rays  yellow; 
achenes  obovate-oblong,  about  as  long  as  the 
filiform  beak;  pappus  white. 

In  fields  and  waste  places,  New  York  and  Penn- 
sylvania to  Minnesota  and  Missouri.  A  trouble- 
some weed.    Naturalized  from  Europe.    Aug-Sept. 


/..  Canadensis. 
L.  hirsula. 

L.  sagilti/olia. 
I..  Canadensis, 
pulchella. 


3.  Lactuca  Ludovici&na  (Nutt.)  DC. 
Western  Lettuce.     (Fig.  3538.) 

Sonchus  Ludovicianus  Nutt.  Gen.  a:  125.    1818. 
J.actiica  Ludoviciana  DC.  Prodr.  7;  141.    1838. 

Biennial,  glabrous  throughout,  leafy  up  to  inflor- 
escence, paniculately  branched, a'-g"  high.  Leaves 
oblong  to  ovate-oblong,  acute  or  acutish,  2'-/^'  long, 
auriculate-clasping,  spinulose-denticulate,  sinuate- 
lobed,  or  pinnatifid  with  spinulose  segments;  heads 
i"-S"  broad,  numerous  in  an  open  panicle,  their 
peduncles  bracteolate;  involucre  cylindric  or  ovoid- 
cylindric,  glabrous,  W-f^"  high,  its  bracts  success- 
ively shorter  and  broader,  the  lower  ones  ovate; 
rays  yellow;  achenes  oval  to  obovatc,  flat,  about  the 
length  of  their  filiform  beak;  pappus  white. 

Plains  and  banks,  Iowa,  Minnesota  and  Dakota  to 
Kansas  and  Texas.    July-Sept. 

18 


^74 


CICHORIACEAE. 


[Voi,.  IIIv 


3.  Lactuca  Canadensis  L.   Wild  or  Tall 
Lettuce.    Wild  Opium,    (Fig.  3539.) 

I.acluca  Canadensis  L.  Sp.  PI.  796.     1753. 

Lactuca elongalatA\x\\\.\  Willd.Sp.  PI. 3;  1525.  1804. 

Biennial    Oi-    annual,    glabrous    throughout, 

-|ji|fc,afejU«^;»-»  '5J&^/ i// (/\\\/-j  somewhat  glaucous;  stem  leafy  up  to  the  inflor- 

^^Wl     NfWlt  W^f'i  \\\ X<S\\1  escence,  3°-io°  high,  branching  above  into  a 

A'XA  ^J\i/m\ir~^      \\V\  narrow  panicle.     Leaves,  or  some  of  them,  sin- 

V    ''X    \/r^if  J^  M^~^^      \V\  uate-pinnatifid,   those  of   the  stem    sessile  or 

auriculate-clasping,  2'-8'  long,  the  uppermost 
smaller,  often  lanceolate,  acuminate  and  entire, 
the  basal  often  12'  long,  narrowed  into  petioles; 
heads  numerous,  i"-j,"  broad;  involucre  cylin- 
dric,  4"-6'"  high,  its  outer  bracts  shorter  than 
the  inner;  rays  yellow;  acbenes  oval,  flat,  about 
as  long  as  the  filiform  beak;  pappus  while. 

In  moist,  open  places,  Nova  Scotia  to  the  North- 
west Territory  south  to  Georgia,  Alabama,  Louisiana 
and  Arkansas.  Called  also  Trurapetweed,  Trumpet 
Milkweed,  Trumpets  and  Fire-weed.  ]une-Nov. 
Lactuca  Canadensis  mont&na  Britton. 
Plant  i°-4°  hiifh;  leaves  all  lanceolate  and  entire; 
bracts  of  the  involucre  purple  or  purplish.  Pocono 
Mountain,  Pcnn.,  and  Catskill  Mountains,  N.  Y. 

4.   Lactuca  hirsiita  Muhl.     Hairy  or 
Red  Wood-Lettuce.     (Fig.  3540.) 

Lactuca  Itirsuta  Muhl.  Cat.  69.     1813. 

Lactuca  sangtiinea  Bigel.  Fl.  Host.  Ed.  2,  287.    1824. 

Lactuca  elongata  var.  sanguinea  T.  &  G.  Fl.  N.  A. 

a;  496.     1843- 

Similar  to  the  preceding  species,  but  com- 
monly smaller  and  less  leafy;  stem  i°-6°  high, 
naked  and  pauiculately  branched  above,  usu- 
ally hirsute,  at  least  below.  Leaves,  or  most  of 
them,  sinuate-pinnatifid,  pubescent  on  both 
sides,  or  on  the  midrib  beneath,  those  of  the 
stem  mostly  sessile  or  auriculate-clasping,  :>,'-^' 
long,  the  uppermost  sometimes  lanceolate  and 
entire,  the  basal  petioled;  heads  numerous,  2"- 
3"  broad;  involucre  glabrous,  5"-9''' high;  outer 
bracts  shorter  than  the  inner;  rays  reddish-yel- 
low or  paler;  achenes  oblong-oval,  flat,  about  the 
length  of  the  beak;  pappus  white. 

In  dry  soil,  Maine  to  Ontario,  Minnesota,  Ala- 
bama and  Texas.  Stem,  peduncles  and  involucre 
often  red  or  purple.    July-Sept. 


5.   Lictuca   sagittifdlia   Ell.      Arrow- 
leaved  Lettuce.     (Fig.  3541.) 

L.  sagittifolia  EU.  Hot.  S.  C.  &  Ga.  a:  253.     1821-24. 
Lactuca  inlescrifolia  Bigel.  Fl.  Bost.  Ed.  2,  287. 

1824.    Not  Nutt.  1818. 
L.  elongata  var.  inleg.  T.  &  G.  Fl.  N.  A.  a:  496.  1843. 

Biennial;  stem  glabrous  throughout,  or  hir- 
sute below,  leafy  nearly  up  to  the  usually  pan- 
iculate inflorescence,  2°-6°  high.  Leaves  ob- 
long, oblong-lanceolate  or  lanceolate,  acumi- 
nate or  acute,  entire  or  denticulate,  the  lower 
rarely  pinnatifid,  sometimes  spinulose  on  the 
margins,  those  of  the  stem  sessile  or  sagittate- 
clasping,  3'-6'  long,  }i'-i}i'  wide,  the  basal 
and  lower  ones  petioled;  heads  commonly  very 
numerous,  2"-^"  broad;  involucre  cylindric, 
j//-y//  high,  the  outer  bracts  shorter  than  the 
inner;  rays  yellow  or  reddish;  achenes  oval,  flat, 
longer  than  their  filiform  beaks;  pappus  white. 

In  dry,  open  soil.  New  Bninswick  and  Ontario  to- 
Georgia,  Idaho  and  Nebraska.  Called  also  Devil's- 
Iron  Weed.    July-Sept. 


Vou  III.] 


CHICORY   FAMILY. 


i8Ji-a4. 
2,  287. 


6.  Lactuca  pulchilla  (Pursh)  DC.  I.arge-flowered  Blue  lycttuce. 

Sonclius  pulchellus  Pursh,  Fl.  Am.  S«pt.  .■)03'    1814. 


*1i 

(Fig.  3542.) 


I.acliica  inlegrifolia  Null.  Oen.  a: 
Lactuca  puUhetla  DC.  Prodr.  7:  I.-54. 


134.    1818. 
1838. 

Perennial,  glabrous  throughout,  somewhat 
glaucous;  stem  rather  slender,  leafy  up  to  the 
corymbose-paniculate  inflorescence,  i°-3°  high. 
Leaves  linear-lanceolate,  lanceolate  or  oblong, 
acute,  entire,  dentate,  lobed  or  pinnatifid,  those 
of  the  stem  sessile  or  partly  clasping,  a'-S'  long; 
7"-iy  wide,  the  lowest  and  basal  ones  some- 
times  pctioled;  heads  mostly  numerous,  6"- 10" 
broad;  branches  and  peduncles  scaly;  involucre 
well  imbricated,  8"-io"  high,  its  outer  bracts 
successively  shorter,  ovate-lanceolate;  rays 
bright  blue  or  violet;  achencs  oblong-lanceo- 
late, flat,  twice  as  long  as  their  tapering  beaks; 
pappus  white. 

In  moist  soil,  westeni  Ontario  to  the  Northwest 
Territory  and  British  Columbia,  south  to  Michifj^an, 
Kansas,  New  Mexico  and  California.   June-.Sept. 


7.    Lactuca  villdsa  Jacq.     Hairy- 
veined  Blue  Lettuce.     (Fig.  3543.) 

/..  villosa  Jacq.  Hort.  Schoen.  3:  62.  //.  J67.  1798. 
Sonchvs  acuminalus  Willd.  Sp.  PI.  3:  1521.  1804. 
Mulgedium  acuminatum  DC.  Prodr.  7:  249.  1838. 
/..  acuminata  A.  Gray.  Proc. Am.Acad.  19: 73.  1883. 

Annual  or  biennial;  stem  glabrous,  leafy  up 
to  the  paniculate  inflorescence,  2°-6°  high. 
Leaves  oblong,  ovate  or  lanceolate,  acuminate, 
acutely  dentate  or  the  teeth  mucronate-tipped, 
glabrous  above,  pubescent  with  short  stiff  hairs 
on  the  veins  beneath,  sessile  and  slightly  clasp- 
ing at  the  base,  or  petioled,  4'-6'  long,  i'-2yi' 
wide,  the  lowest  sometimes  lobed  at  the  base; 
heads  numerous,  2,"-^"  broad;  peduncles  usu- 
ally minutely  scaly;  rays  blue;  invoLjcre 
about  ^"  high,  its  outer  bracts  much  shorter 
than  the  inner,  some  or  all  of  them  obtuse; 
achenes  thick,  oblong,  little  flattened,  nar- 
rowed above;  pappus  white. 

In  thickets,  New  York  to  Illinois,  south  to 
Florida,  Georgia  and  Kentucky.    July-Sept. 


8.   Lactuca  Florid^na  (L.)  Gaertn. 
False  or  Florida  Lettuce.     (Fig.  3544.) 

Sonchus  Floridanus  L.  Sp.  PI.  794.    1753. 

Lactuca  Floridana  Gaertn.  Fruct.  &  Sem.  a:  362.    1791. 

Mulgedium  Ftoridanum  DC.  Prodr.  7:  349.     1791. 

Annual  or  biennial;  stem  glabrous,  rather  stout, 
leafy  up  to  the  large,  paniculate  inflorescence, 
3°-7°  high.  Leaves  deeply  lyrate-pinnatifid,  ses- 
sile or  petioled,  4^-12'  long,  glabrous  above,  pubes- 
cent on  the  veins  beneath,  the  terminal  segment 
usually  broad,  triangular,  acute  or  acuminate,  the 
lateral  ones  lanceolate  to  oval,  acute,  all  usually 
dentate,  or  the  leaves  irregularly  lobed;  beads 
numerous,  s"-s'^  broad;  peduncles  commonly 
scaly;  rays  blue;  involucre  about  6"  high,  its 
outer  bracts  much  smaller  than  the  inner;  achenes 
thick,  somewhat  compressed,  narrowed  above  into 
■hort  necks;  pappus  white. 

In  moist,  open  nlaces,  southern  New  York  and  Penn- 
sylvania to  Illinots  and  Nebraska  (according  to  Web- 
ber), south  to  Florida  and  Louisiana.    July-Sept. 


276 


CICHORIACEAE. 


[Vol.  III. 


or  some  of  the  lower  ones  pinnatifid.     North 


g.   Lactuca  spic^ta  (I,ani.)  Hitchc. 
Tall  Blue  Lettuce.     (Fig.  3545.) 

SoHcfius  sfiicaius  I.nr:i.  Rncycl.  3-  401.     1789. 
Mulgedium  leucophaeum   DC.  Prodr.  7:  250. 

1838. 
Lactuca  lencophara  A.  Gr.iy,  Proc.  Am.  Acad. 

19:73.     18)^3.    Not  Sibth.     1840. 

Annual  or  biennial;  stem  usually  stout, 
glabrous,  3°-i2°  high,  leafy  up  to  the 
large,  rather  dense  panicle.  Leaves  deeply 
pinnatifid  or  lobcd,  sharply  dentate  with 
mucronate-pointed  teeth,  sessile,  or  the 
lower  narrowed  into  margined  petioles, 
glabrous  on  both  sides,  or  pubescent  on  the 
veins  beneath,  5'-i2'  long,  2'-6'  wide; 
heads  very  numerous,  about  2"  broad; 
peduncles  minutely  scaly;  rays  blue; 
achenes  oblong,  compressed,  narrowed 
above  into  a  short  neck;  pappus  brown. 

In  moist  soil,  Newfoundland  to  Manitoba, ' 
south  to  North  Carolina,  Tennessee  and  Iowa. 
Ascends  to  20C0  ft.  in  North  Carolina.  July-Oct. 

Lactuca  spic&ta  integrifdlia  (A.  Gray)  Britton, 

Mem.  Torr.  Club,  5:  350.      i8>j. 
Lactuca  Icncophaea  var.  integrifolia  A.  Gray, 
Syn.  Fl.  I :  Part  2,  444.     1884. 
Leaves  oblong,  sharply  denticulate,  undivided 
Carolina  to  Michigan. 

16.  LYGODESMIAD.  Don,  Edinb.  Phil.  Journ.  6:  311.  1829. 
Perennial  or  annual  glabrous'rigid  branching  herbs,  with  linear  leaves,  or  the  basal  and 
lower  ones  sometimes  broader  andipinnatifid,  those  of  the  stem  very  narrow  and  entire  or 
reduced  to  linear  scales,  and  middle-sized  3-12  flowered  heads  of  pink  or  purple  flowers, 
solitary  and  erect  at  the  ends  of  the  stem  and  branches,  or  sometimes  racemose.  Involucre 
cylindric,  its  principal  bracts  5-8,  linear,  scarious-margined,  equal,  slightly  united  at  the 
base,  with  several  very  short  outer  ones.  Receptacle  flat,  naked.  Rays  truncate  and 
S-toothed  at  the  apex.  Anthers  sagittate  at  the  base.  Style-branches  slender.  Achenes  lin- 
ear, smooth  or  striate.  Pappus  of  copious  somewhat  unequal  simple  bristles.  '  [Greek,  twig- 
bundle,  from  the  numerous  branches.] 

Abont  6  species,  natives  of  western  and  southern  North  America. 
Heads  solitary  at  the  ends  of  the  branches;  leaves  linear  or  subulate.  i.  L.juncea. 

Heads  racemose  along  the  branches;  leaves  elongated-linear.  2.  L.rosirata. 

I.   Lygodesmia  juncea  (Pursh) 

D.  Don.     Rush-like  Lygodesmia. 

(Fig- 3546.) 

Prenanthes jv.ncea  Pursh,  Fl.  Am.  Sept. 498. 

1814. 
Lygodesmia  juncea  D.   Don,  Edinb,  Phil. 

Journ.  6:  311.     1829. 

Perennial  by  a  thick  woody  root;  stems 
stiflF,  striate,  much  branched,  8'-i8'  high, 
the  branches  erect  Lower  leaves  linear- 
lanceolate,  rigid,  entire,  acute,  or  acumi- 
nate, yi'-2'  long,  }i"-i%"  wide,  the 
upper  similar  but  smaller,  or  reduced  to 
subulate  scales;  heads  (>"-%"  broad, 
mostly  5-flowered,  solitary  at  the  ends  of 
the  branches;  involucre  6"-8"  high; 
achenes  narrowly  columnar  or  slightly 
tapering,  truncate  at  the  summit,  about 
8-nerved  or  ribbed,  2^ ''-3^''  long;  pap- 
pus light  brown. 

Plains,  Minnesota  to  Montana,  Missouri, 
Nebraska  and  New  Mexico.  Often  infested 
by  a  globose  gall  2"-5"  in  diameter.  June- 
Aug. 


Voi„  HI.] 


CHICORY  FAMILY. 


277 


a.  Lygodesmia  rostr&ta  A.  Gray. 

Beaked  Lygodesmia. 

(Fig-  3547-) 

L.  juHcea  var.  ro^lrata  A.  Gray,  Proc.  Phil. 

Acad.  1863:  69.     1863. 
Lygodesmia  ros/rata  A.  Gray,  Proc.   Am. 

Acad.  9:  317.    18/4. 

Annual,  less  rigid;  stem  striate,  leafy, 
paniculately  branched, i"-3°  high.  Leaves 
elongated-linear,  acuminate,  entire,  3- 
nerved,  the  lower  3'-7'  long,  i"-i'/i^' 
wide,  the  uppermost  very  small  and  sub- 
ulate; heads  numerous,  7-10-flowered, 
about  }4'  broad,  racemose  along  the 
branches  on  scaly  short  erect  peduncles; 
involucre  5"-7"  high;  achenes  narrowly 
fusiform,  narrowed  or  somewhat  beaked  at 
the  summit,  5-8-ribbed  or  -striate,  4''-5" 
long,  longer  than  the  whitish  pappus. 

Western  Nebraska  (according  to  Webber) 
to  the  Northwest  Territory,  Colorado  and 
Wyoming.    Aug.-Sept. 


17.  AGOSERIS  Raf.  Fl.  Ludov.  58.  181 7. 
[Troximon  Nutt.  Fras.  Cat.  1813.  Not  Gaertn.  1791.] 
Perennial  or  annual  herbs,  mostly  acaulescent,  with  tufted  usually  sessile  basal  leaves, 
and  solitary  heads  of  yellow  or  rarely  purple  flowers  at  the  end  of  a  naked  or  bracted  scape. 
Involucre  campanulate  or  oblong,  its  bracts  imbricated  in  several  rows,  apprcssed,  or  with 
spreading  tips,  membranous  or  herbaceous,  not  thickened  after  flowering,  the  outer  ones 
gradually  shorter  and  broadci-.  Receptacle  flat,  naked  or  foveolate.  Rays  truncate  and  $• 
toothed  at  the  apex.  Anthers  sagittate  at  the  base.  Style-branches  slender.  Achenes  ob- 
long, obovate,  or  linear,  lo-ribbed,  not  flattened,  beaked  at  the  summit.  Pappus  of  copious 
slender  simple  white  bristles.     [Greek,  head-  or  chief-succory.] 

About  25  species,  natives  of  western  and  southern  North  America  and  southern  South  America. 
Besides  the  following^,  some  20  others  occur  in  the  western  parts  of  the  United  States. 
Head  I'-a'  broad,  achene»  5"-6"  long.  i.  A.  glauca. 

Head  i'  broad  or  less;  achenes  about  3"  long.  2.  A.  parzHJiora. 

I.  Agoseris  gliiuca  (Pursh)  Greene. 

Large-flowered  Agoseris, 

(Fig.  3548.) 

T.  glaucum  Pursh,  Fl.  Am.  Sept.  505.      1814. 
Agoseris  glauca  Greene,  Pittonia,  a:  176.    1H91. 

Perennial,  pale  or  glaucous,  glabrous 
throughout  or  a  little  woolly  below.  Leaves 
linear,  lanceolate,  or  oblong,  entire,  dentate 
or  pinnatifid,  a'-io'  long,  a'^-io"  wide, 
acuminate  at  the  apex,  narrowed  at  the  base, 
sometimes  into  margined  petioles;  scapes 
stout,  glabrous  or  slightly  pubescent,  longer 
than  the  leaves,  often  \%°  high;  head  i'-2' 
broad;  involucre  oblong-campanulate,  or 
broader  in  fruit,  commonly  quite  {;labrou8, 
its  bracts  lanceolate,  acuminate,  often  hya- 
line-margined; achenes  conspicuously  beak- 
ed, 5'''-6"  long,  when  mature  longer  than 
the  copious  pappus  of  rather  rigid  scabrous 
or  denticulate  bristles. 

South  Dakota  to  the  Northwest  Territory,  south  to  Kansas  (according  to  Smyth),  Colorado  and 
Utah.    May-July. 


CICHORIACEAK. 


[Vot.  HI. 


a.  Agoseris  parvifldra  (Nutt.)  Greene. 
Small-flowered  Agoseris.     (Fig.  3549.) 

Troximon  parviflorum  Nutt.  Trans.  Am.  Phil.  Soc. 

7:434.    1841. 
Troxtmon  glaucum  var.  parviflorum  A.  Gray,  Syn. 

Fl.  i:  Parts,  i,v;.     1884. 
Agoseris parviflora  Greene,  Pittonia,  a:  176.     1891. 

Pereiinial,  glabrous  throughout;  scape  slender, 
much  longer  than  the  leaves,  5'-i5'  high. 
Leaves  narrowly  linear,  acuminate,  entire,  3' -8' 
long,  i'''-2^"  wide;  head  i' broad  or  less;  invo- 
lucre cblong-ovoid,  becoming  nearly  hemispheric 
in  fruit,  (>"-%"  high,  glabrous,  its  bracts  lanceo- 
late, acuminate;  achcnes  conspicuously  beaked, 
about  4"  "ong;  pappus  of  numerous  unequal  very 
slender  bristles. 

Plains,  wetitern  Nebraska  to  Manitoba,  Idaho  and 
New  Mexico.  Called  l'Iso  False  Dandelion.  May- 
July. 


18.  NOTHOCALAIS  Greene,  Bull.  Cal.  Acad.  (II)  a:  54.  1886. 
Perennial  herbs,  with  basal  tufted  narrow  undulate  or  crisped,  tomeutose-margined  leaves, 
and  large  heads  of  yellow  ilowers  solitary  at  the  ends  of  simple  naked  scapes.  Involucre 
oblong'Campanulate,  its  bracts  in  2-4  series,  lanceolate,  acute,  or  acuminate,  appressed,  nearly 
equal,  the  margins  hyaline.  Receptacle  flat,  alveolate.  Rays  truncate  and  5-toothed  at  the 
apex.  Anthers  sagittate  at  the  base.  Achenes  fusiform,  contracted  or  beaked  at  the  sum- 
mit, lo-ribbed  or  lostriate.  Pappus  of  10-30  white  soft  unequal  narrow  scabrous  scales, 
with  or  without  some  capillary  bristles.     [Greek,  false  Calais.] 

Three  known  species,  natives  of  western  and  central  North  America. 

I.     Nothocalais    cuspid^ta    (Pursh) 
Greene.     False  Calais.     (Fig.  3550.) 

Troximon  cuspidatum  Pursh,  Fl.  Am.  Sept.  742. 

1814. 
Troximon  marginatum  Nutt.  Gen.  a:  128.    :8i8. 
Nothocalais  cuspidata  Greene,  Bull.  Cal.  Acad.  ( II ) 

a:  55.     1886. 

Leaves  linear,  long-acuminate,  thick,  pubes- 
cent or  glabrate,  4'-8'  long,  1"-^"  wide,  some- 
what conduplicate,  their  margins  conspicuously 
white-tomentose  and  crisped,  or  entire.  Scape 
stout,  tomentose,  at  least  above,  shorter  than  or 
equalling  the  leaves;  head  \'-2'  broad;  involu- 
cre usually  quite  glabrous,  nearly  \'  high; 
achenes  slightly  contracted  at  the  summit; 
about  3'''  long;  pappus  of  40-50  unequal  scales 
and  bristles. ' 

In  dry  soil,  on  prairies  and  rocky  hills,  Illinois 
to  the  Northwest  Territory,  south  to  Nebraska  and 
Kansas.    Called  also  False  Dandelion.  April-June. 

19.  SITILIAS  Raf.  New  Fl.  N.  A.  4:  85.  1836. 
[Pyrrhopappus  DC.  Prodr.  7:  144.  1838.] 
Perennial  herbs  (some  species  annual?),  with  alternate  or  basal  leaves,  and  mostly  large, 
solitary  or  few  heads  of  yellow  flowers,  borne  on  long,  usually  bracted  peduncles.  Involucre 
oblong  or  campanulatc,  its  principal  bracts  in  I  series,  nearly  equal,  slightly  united  at  the 
base,  with  several  series  of  smaller  outer  ones.  Rays  truncate  and  5-toothed  at  the  summit. 
Anthers  sagittate  at  the  base.  Style-branches  short,  obtusish.  Achenes  oblong  or  fusiform, 
mostly  5-ribbed,  roughened  or  hirsute,  abruptly  narrowed  into  a  long  filiform  beak.  Pappus 
of  numerous  soft  simple  brownish  somewhat  unequal  bristles,  surrounded  at  the  base  by  a 
villous  white  ring.     [Name  unexplained.] 

Six  known  species,  natives  of  North  America  and  Mexico.    Besides  the  following,  a  others 
occur  in  the  southwestern  United  States. 


Vol..  III.] 


CHICORY  FAMILY. 


279 


•Stem  leafy,  usually  branched;  plant  glabrous,  or  nearly  so. 
:Scape  naked,  monocephalous;  plant  hirsute,  or  pubescent. 


I.  S.  Caroliniana. 
a.  S.  grandijlora. 

Sitilias  Carolini^lna  (Walt.)  Raf.     Leafy  Stemmed  False  Dandelion. 

(Fig.  3551.) 

Leontodon  CarolinianumWa.\t.  Kl.  Car.  192.  1788. 
6'.  Caro/t««a»ia  Raf.  New  PI.  N.  A.  Part4,85.  1836. 
jyrrhopappus  Carolinianus  DC.  Prodr.  7;  144.  1838, 

Glabrous  or  nearly  so;  stem  leafy,  usually 
branched,  r'-5°  high.  Basal  leaves  oblong  or 
oblong-lanceolate,  pinnatifid,  lobed,  coarsely 
dentate  or  some  of  them  entire,  acute,  acumi- 
nate, or  obtusisb,  j,'-%'  long,  %'-iyi^  wide, 
narrowed  into  margined  petioles;  stem  leaves 
sessile  or  partly  clasping,  the  upper  usually 
lanceolate,  entire  and  acuminate;  peduncles 
usually  puberulent;  heads  i  or  several,  I'-i'/i' 
broad;  involucre  commonly  puberulent  or  pu- 
bescent, about  i'  high,  its  outer  bracts  setaceous 
or  subulate,  spreading,  the  inner  corniculate  at 
the  apex;  acbcnes  1"-^"  long,  tipped  with  a  fili- 
form beak  of  about  three  times  their  length. 

In  dry  fields,  Delaware  to  Florida,  M'ssouri,  Lou- 
isiana and  Texas.    April-July. 


2.  Sitilias  grandifldra  (Nutt.)  Greene. 
Rough  False  Dandelion.     (Fig.  3552.) 

Barkhausia  grandiflora  Nutt.  Joum.  Phila.  Acad. 

7:69.     1834. 
Pyrrhopappus  scaposus  DC.  Prodr.  7:  144.     1838. 
Sitilias  grandiflora  Greene,  Pittonia,  a:  180.     1891. 

Hirsute  or  pubescent.  Root  tuberous-thick- 
ened; leaves  all  basal,  oblong  or  spatulate  in 
outline,  deeply  pinnatifid,  3'-;'  long,  \'-\)i' 
wide,  narrowed  into  margined  petioles;  scape 
naked  or  sometimes  with  a  small  leaf  near  its 
base;  he  ;d  solitary,  I'-a'  broad;  outer  bracts  of 
the  involucre  small,  short,  subulate,  the  inner 
•ones  obscurely  corniculate  at  the  tip. 

On  prairies,  Kansas  to  Texas.    April-June. 


ao.  CREPIS  L.  Sp.  PI.  805.  1753. 
Perennial  or  annual  herbs,  with  alternate  or  basal,  mostly  toothed  or  pinnatifid  leaves, 
and  small  or  middle-sized  heads,  usually  paniculate  or  corymbose,  of  yellow  or  orange  flow- 
ers. Involucre  cylindric,  campanr'ate  or  swollen  at  the  base,  its  principal  bracts  in  i  series, 
equal,  with  a  number  of  exterior  smaller  ones.  Receptacle  mostly  flat,  naked  or  short-fim- 
brillate.  Rays  truncate  and  5-toothed  at  the  apex.  Anthers  sagittate  at  the  base.  Style- 
branches  slender.  Achenes  linear-oblong,  io-20-ribbed  or  nerved,  not  transversely  rugose, 
narrowed  at  the  base  and  apex,  beakless  in  our  species.  Pappus  copious,  of  very  slender  white 
bristles.      [Greek,  sandal;  application  not  explained.] 

About  180  species,  natives  of  the  northern  hemisphere.    Besides  the  following-,  about  10  others 
•occur  in  western  North  America. 
Involucre  glabrous 

Involucre  cylindric;  plant  pubescent  below:  introduced. 
Involucre  campanulate:  plant  glaucous;  native,  western. 
Involucre  pubescent,  glandular,  or  canescent. 

Foliage  not  canescent  nor  scurfy,  sometimes  hirsute. 

Stem  naked,  or  with  i  or  2  small  leaves;  western,  native. 
Stems  leafy;  introduced  annuals  or  biennials. 

Stem  leaves  narrow,  revolute-margined,  sessile. 
Stem  leaves  lanceolate,  clasping,  not  revolute-margined. 
Involucre 3"-4"  high;  achenes  lo-striate. 
Involucre  4" -6"  high;  achenes  13'Striate. 
Foliage  cinereous,  canescent,  or  scurfy,  sometimes  also  hirsute. 
Inner  bracts  of  the  involucre  5-8;  flowers  5-8. 
Inner  bracts  of  the  involucre  9-2};  flowers  10-30. 


1.  C.  pulchra. 

2.  C.glatua. 


3.  C.  runcinata, 

4.  C.  tectorum. 


C.  virens. 
C.  biennis. 

C.  intermedia. 
C.  occidental  is' 


38o 


CICHORIACEAE. 


[Vol..  III. 


I.   Crepis  pulchra  L,     Small-flowered 
Hawksbeard.     (Fig.  3553.) 

Crepis  pulchra  L,.  Sp.  PI.  806.     1753. 

Annual;  stem  2°-4}4°  high,  leafy  and  pubes- 
cent below,  mostly  glabrous,  naked  and  panicu- 
lately  branched  above.  Stem  leaves  oblong  or 
oblong-lanceolate,  dentate,  clasping  by  an  auri- 
cled  base  or  truncate,  pubescent,  y-4'  long,  acute 
or  obtuse,  or  the  uppermost  lanceolate,  acuminate 
and  entire;  basal  leaves  runcinate,  narrowed  into- 
petioles;  heads  very  numerous,  about  3"  broad, 
in  a  large  naked  panicle;  involucre  narrow,  cyl- 
indric,  glabrous,  about  5''  high,  its  principal 
bracts  12-15,  linear,  acuminate,  the  outer  ones 
very  short,  ovate,  appressed;  achenes  linear, 
faintly  lo-nerved,  slightly  narrowed  above. 

Along  railroad  near  Culpepper,  Virginia,  very 
abundant  in  1890.  Naturalized  or  adventive  from 
Continental  Europe.    May-July. 


2.   Crepis  glSuca  (Nutt.)  T.  &  G. 

Glaucous  Hawksbeard.     (Fig.  3554.) 
Crepidium  glaucum  Nutt.  Trans.  Am.  Phil.  See. 

(11)7:436.    i84t. 
Crepis glauca  T.  &  G.  Fl.  N.  A.  a:  488.    1843. 

Perennial;  scapose,  or  rarely  with  i  or  2  leaves 
on  the  stem,  i°-3)^°  high,  glabrous  and  glau- 
cous throughout.  Basal  leaves  spatulate,  oblan- 
ceolate,  or  obovate,  acute  or  obtuse  at  the  apex, 
gradually  narrowed  into  margined  petioles,  en- 
tire, dentate,  or  pinnatiiid,  2'-6'  long,  yi'-i' 
wide;  heads  not  numerous,  long-peduncled,  6"- 
12^'' broad;  peduncles  glabrous;  involucre  cam- 
panulate,  its  principal  bracts  lanceolate,  acute, 
the  outer  ones  very  short,  ovate,  appressed; 
achenes  oblong-cylindric,  slightly  narrowed 
above,  strongly  lo-ribbed. 

In  moist  and  saline  soil,  Nebraska  to  the  North- 
west Territory,  Nevada  and  Utah.    July-Aug. 


3.   Crepis  runcinllta  (James;  T.  &.  G. 

Naked  Stemmed  Hawksbeard. 

(FJg-3555-) 

Hieracium  runcinalum  James  in  Long's  Exp.  i:  453- 

1823. 
Crepts  runcinata  T.  &.  G.  Fl.  N.  A.  a:  487.     1843. 

Perennial,  similar  to  the  preceding  species  but 
not  glaucous  or  scarcely  so,  often  pubescent  be- 
low; stem  leafless  or  with  i  or  2  small  leaves,  i°- 
3°  high.  Basal  leaves  spatulate,  obovate,  or  ob- 
long, obtuse  or  acute,  entire,  repand,  dentate,  or 
rarely  runcinate-pinuatifid,  2'-6'  long,  %'-i}i^ 
wide;  heads  several,  long-peduncled,  nearly  i' 
broad;peduncle8glabrous  or  glandular-pubescent; 
involucre  campanulate,  pubescent  or  glandular, 
its  principal  bracts  linear-lanceolate,  acute,  outer 
ones  short,  lanceolate,  appressed;  achenes  linear- 
oblong,  somewhat  narrowed  above,  lo-ribbed. 

In  moist  soil,  Iowa  to  Manitoba,  west  to  Utah  and 
Montana.    June-July. 


Vol,.  III.] 


CHICORY  FAMILY. 


281 


4.   Crepis  tectdrum  L.     Narrow-leaved 
Hawk.sbeard.     (Fig.  3556.) 

Crepis  tectorum  I,.  Sp.  PI.  80/.    1753. 

Annual;  stem  sleader,  puberulent  or  pubescent, 
leafy,  branched,  i°-2°  high.  Basal  leaves  lanceo- 
late, dentate,  or  runcinate-pinnatifid,  4'-6'  long; 
stem  leaves  sessile,  sometimes  slightly  sagittate  at 
the  base,  linear,  entire,  dentate,  or  lobed,  their  mar 
gins  revolute;  heads  numerous,  corymbose,  (i"-\o" 
broad;  involucre  narrowly  campanulate,  canesccnt 
or  pubescent,  S^'-s"  high,  its  principal  bracts  lan- 
ceolate, acuminate,  downy  within,  the  exterior  ones 
linear,  spreading;  peduncles  usually  canescent; 
achenes  lo-ribbed,  narrowed  above  into  a  short 
beak,  the  ribs  minutely  scabrous. 

In  waste  places  and  on  ballast,  New  York  and  New 
Jersey  to  Michigan  and  Nebraska.    June  -July. 


5.   Crepis  virens  L.     Smooth 
Hawksbeard.     (Fig.  3557.) 

Crepis  virens  L.  Sp.  PI.  Ed.  2,  1134.     1763. 
Crepis  polymorpha  Wallr.  Sciied.  Crit.  426.    1822. 

Annual;  stem  stout  or  slender,  leafy,  corym- 
bosely  branched  above,  glabrous  or  somewhat 
hirsute  below,  i°-2>i°  high.  Basal  leaves  spat- 
ulate,  pinnatifid,  or  dentate,  sometimes  8''  long 
and  2'  wide,  narrowed  into  petioles;  stem  leaves 
lanceolate  or  oblong,  clasping  by  a  sagittate 
base,  flat,  the  upper  mostly  very  small  and  usu- 
ally entire;  heads  numerous,  s'^-S"  broad, 
slender-peduncled;  peduncles  glabrous  or  glan- 
dular; involucre  oblong,  more  or  less  pubescent 
or  glandular,  T/'-i,"  high,  its  principal  bracts 
lanceolate,  glabrous  within,  the  outer  mostly 
appressed;  achenes  lo-ribbed,  smooth,  slightly 
narrowed  at  both  ends. 

In  fields  and  waste  places,  southern  New  York,  New  Jersey  and  Pennsylvania,  and  in  ballast 
about  the  seaports.   Also  on  the  Pacific  Coast.    Adventive  from  Europe.    Very  variable.    July-Sept. 


6.  Crepis  biennis  L,.  Rough 
Hawksbeard.  (Fig.  3558.) 
Crepis  biennis  L.  Sp.  PI.  807.  1753. 
_  Biennial,  or  sometimes  annual;  stem  pubes- 
cent or  hirsute,  leafy,  at  least  below,  branched 
above,  2°-3°  high.  Leaves  runcin:^le-pinnati6d, 
usually  hirsute,  2''-6'  long,  obloiig  or  spatulate, 
the  lower  and  basal  ones  narrowed  into  petioles 
and  sometimes  merely  dentate,  the  uppermost 
lanceolate,  clasping,  their  margins  not  revolute; 
heads  several,  subcorymbose,  \'-\%'  broad;  in- 
volucre canescent  or  pubescent,  \"-if'  high,  its 
principal  bracts  linear-lanceolate,  downy  within, 
the  outer  ones  linear-oblong  or  lanceolate, 
spreading;  achenes  oblong,  slightly  narrowed 
above,  i3-8triate,  glabrous. 

In  waste  places,  Vermont,  Pennsylvania,  and  in 
ballast  about  the  seaports.  Naturalized  or  advent- 
ive from  Europe.    June-Aug. 


a83 


CICHORIACEAE. 


[Vol,.  III. 


Gray.     Small-flowered  Gray  Hawksbeard. 
(Pig-  3559-) 

Crepis  intermedia  A.  Gray,  Syn.  Kl.  i:  Part  2,  43a.  1884. 
Perennial,  cinereous-puberulent  or  scurfy;  stem 
rather  slender,  1-3-leaved,  i°-3°  high,  naked  and 
branched  above.  Basal  leaves  lanceolate  or  oblong- 
lanceolate,  laciniate-pinnatifid,  long  acuminate  at  the 
apex,  narrowed  at  the  base,  /^'S'  long;  stem  leaves 
lanceolate,  sessile,  less  divided;  heads  several,  6"-q" 
broad,  5-8-flowered;  involucre  oblong-campanulate,  its 
principal  bracts  5-8,  lanceolate  or  linear-oblong,  canes- 
cent,acutisb,  somewhat  keeled  by  the  thickened  midrib 
when  old,  the  outer  ones  few  and  short;  achenes  ob- 
long, narrowed  above,  not  beaked,  strongly  lo-ribbed. 

In  dry  soil,  western  Nebraska  (according  to  Williams) 
and  Colorado  to  California  and  British  Columbia.  May- 
Sept. 


3.   Crepis  occident&lis  Nutt.     Large-flow- 
ered Gray  Hawksbeard.     (Fig.  3560.) 
Crepis  occidentalis  Nutt.  Journ.  Acad.  Phil.  7:  29.      1834. 

Perennial,  scurfy  and  canescent,  sometimes  also  hir- 
sute; stem  rather  stout,  leafy,  branched,  6'-i8'  high. 
Leaves  oblong-lanceolate  or  oblong  in  outline,  lacini- 
Ate-pinnatifid,  acute  or  acuminate,  the  lower  and  basal 
ones  6'-io'  long,  narrowed  into  petioles,  the  upper 
sessile  and  slightly  clasping;  heads  few  or  several, 
corymbose,  stout-pcduncled,  about  i'  broad,  10-30- 
flowered;  involucre  oblong-campanulate,  canescent, 
its  principal  bracts  9-34,  linear,  acute;  achenes  oblong, 
sharply  lo-ribbed,  glabrous. 

Plains,  western  Nebraska  (according  to  Gray)  and  Colo- 
rado to  California,  north  to  the  Northwest  Territory  and  British  Columbia. 

21.  HIERACIUM  L.  Sp.  PI.  799.  1753. 
Perennial  hispid  scabrous  glandular  or  glabrous  herbs,  with  alternate  or  basal  leaves, 
and  small  middle  sized  or  large,  solitary  corymbose  or  paniculate  heads  of  yellow  orange  or 
red  flowers.  Involucre  cyliudric,  campanulate,  or  nearly  hemispheric,  its  principal  bracts 
in  1-3  series,  the  outer  either  regularly  and  gradually  smaller  or  abruptly  much  smaller, 
none  of  them  much  thickened  at  the  base  afler  flowering.  Receptacle  flat,  naked  or  short- 
fimbrillate.  Rays  truncate  and  5-toothed  at  the  apex.  Anthers  sagittate  at  the  base.  Style- 
branches  slender.  Achenes  oblong,  columnar,  or  fusiform,  not  beaked,  lo-is-ribbed,  terete 
or  4-5-angled.  Pappus  copious,  or  1-2  rows  of  simple  rather  stiff  persistent  brown  or  brown- 
ish bristles.     [Greek,  hawk.] 

Not  fewer  than  300  species,  natix'es  of  the  north  temperate  zone  and  the  Andes  of  South  Amer- 
ica. Besides  the  following,  some  15  others  occur  in  western  North  America.  Known  as  Hawkweed, 
Hawk-bit,  or  Speerhawk. 

-X-  Flowering  item  leafleu,  or  with  1-5  leavei. 
(a)  Stem  scapose,  with  a  single  head  only;  introduced. 
(b)  Heads  corymbose  or  paniculate. 
I,eaves  coarsely  dentate;  introduced  species. 
Leaves  cordate  or  subcordate. 
Leaves  narrowed  at  both  ends. 
Leaves  denticulate  or  entire. 

Leaves  mostly  entire,  spatulate  to  oblong;  heads  corymbose;  introduced  species. 
Heads  8"-i 2"  broad;  flowers  red  or  orange.  4. 

Heads  5"-9"  broad;  flowers  yellow. 

Glaucous,  slightly  hispid.  5.  H.  praealtum. 

Den.iely  hirsute.  0.  H.  pralense. 

Leaves,  at  least  some  of  them,  denticulate,  mostly  obovate  or  oval;  heads  corymbose-paniculate; 
natives. 
Principal  bracts  of  the  involucre  glabrous,  or  nearly  so. 

Stem  glabrous,  or  nearly  so;  leaves  usually  purple-veined.  7. 

Stem  pilose  below;  leaves  green.  8. 

Involucre  and  peduncles  densely  hirsute  and  glandular.  9 


May-July. 


1.  H.  Pilosella. 

2.  f/.  murorum. 

3.  H.  vulgatum. 


H.  aurantiacut%. 


H.  venosum, 
H.  Mariannm. 
H.  Greenii. 


u 


¥r    * 


Flowering  stem  abundantly  leafy,  at  leaet  below 
)  Principal  bracts  o?  the  involucre  in  a-4  series;  heads  corymbose 


Leaves  sessile,  not  clasping;  involucre  glabrous, 
Leaves,  at  least  the  upper,  clasping;  involucre  pubescent. 


10. 
II. 


H.  umbellalum. 
H.  Canadense. 


Vol..  III.] 


CHICORY  FAMILY. 


283 


(b)  Principal  bracts  in  i  series;  heads  small,  paniculate  or  racemose. 
I .  Achenes  columnar  at  maturity,  truncate. 
Plant  nearly  or  quite  glabrous;  heads  i5-2oflowered.  13.  H.  paniculalum. 

Plants  scabrous  or  glandular;  heads  i.s-so-flowered. 

Peduncles  stout,  spreading;  no  tuft  of  basal  leaves  at  flowering  time.         13.  H.  scabrum. 
Peduncles  slooder,  ascending;  basal  leaves  present  at  flowering  time.  8.  H.  Afartanutn. 

2.  Achenes  spindle-shaped,  or  with  a  tapering  summit  at  maturity. 


Leaves  and  lower  part  of  the  stem  pilose. 

leaves  and  stem  densely  clothed  with  very  long  brown  hairs. 


14.  //.  Gronovii. 

15.  H.  lottgipilum. 


X.   Hieracium  Pilos611a  L,. 

Hieracium  Pilosella  L.  Sp.  PI.  800.      1753. 

Stoloniferous,  pilose-pubescent  throughout;  stolons 
leafy,  rooting,  slender,  3''i-i2''  long.  Scape  slender, 
erect,  4'-io'  high,  leafless,  with  a  single  head;  leaves 
oblong  or  spatulate,  entire,  obtuse  or  acutish  at  the 
apex,  narrowed  into  petioles,  often  white-tomentose 
beneath,  i%'-i'  long,  4"-8"  wide;  head  i'  broad 
or  more;  flower?  yellow;  principal  bracts  of  the  in- 
volucre in  I  or  2  series,  linear,  acuminate,  pubescent, 
usually  with  i  or  2  exterior  ones;  achenes  oblong, 
truncate;  pappus  a  single  row  of  slender  bristles. 

Dooryards  and  fields,  Ontario,  New  York,  Pennsylva- 
nia and  Michigan.  Adventive  from  Europe.  Called  also 
Ling  Gowans,  Pelon-herb,  Mouse  Bloodwort.    May-Sept. 

Hieracium  Pilosella  Peleteriinum  Mer.  Nouv.  PI.  Paris, 

Ed.  2,  330.      1821. 
Stolons  shorter,  thick;  plant  silky-pubescent.     Fields 
and  roadsides,  Prince  Edward  Island.    Naturalized  from 
Europe. 


Mouse-ear  Hawkweed.     (Fig.  3561.) 


a.   Hieracium  murdrum  I^.    Wall 
Hawkweed.     (Fig.  3562.) 

Hieracium  murorum  1,.  Sp.  PI.  802.      1753. 

Stem  pubescent  or  glabrate,  simple,  or  with  i  or 
2  branches,  i°-2}4°  high.  Basal  leaves  thin,  ovate 
or  oblong,  obtuse  or  acute,  cordate  or  truncate  at 
the  base,  or  abruptly  narrowed  into  petioles, 
coarsely  dentate  or  laciniate,  at  least  near  the  base, 
2'-4'  long,  I'-a'  wide,  the  petioles  villous;  stem 
leaves  i  or  2  (sometimes  none),  short-petioled  or 
sessile;  heads  2-several,  corymbose,  about  i'  broad; 
peduncles  ascending,  usually  glandular;  involucre 
^"-$"  high,  its  bracts  linear-lanceolate,  acute, 
glandular-pubescent,  imbricated  in  2  or  3  scries; 
achenes  columnar,  truncate;  pappus  of  slender 
nearly  white  bristles. 

Woodlands  near  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.;  about  Quebec. 
Adventive  or  fugitive  from  Europe.  Called  also 
French  or  Golden  Lungwort.    June-Aug. 


3.  Hieracium  vulgMum  Fries.     Hawkweed. 
(Fig.  3563.) 

H.  tnolle  Pursh,  Fl.  Am.  Sept.  503.  1814.  Not  Jacq.  1774. 
H.  vulgalum  Fries,  Fl.  Hall.  128.      1817-18. 

Similar  to  the  preceding  species,  sometimes  taller 
and  slightly  glaucous;  stem  2-5-leaved,  pubescent  or 
glabrate.  Basal  leaves  oblong  or  lanceolate,  acute  at 
both  ends,  or  some  of  them  obtuse  at  the  apex, 
coarsely  dentate  or  denticulate,  petioled,  2'-5'  long, 
^'-i  ^i'  wide,  stem  leaves  similar,  short-petioled  or 
sessile;  petioles  more  or  less  pubescent;  heads  several, 
corymbose,  smaller  than  thoso  of  H,  murorum  or  as 
large;  peduncles  mostly  glandular,  straight;  bracts  of 
the  involucre  imbricated  in  2  or  3  series,  linear,  acum- 
inate, mostly  glandular;  achenes  columnar,  truncate; 
pappus  copious. 

Labrador  and  Newfoundand  to  Quebec,  and  in  southern 
New  York  and  New  Jersey.  Probably  introduced.  Also 
in  Greenland,  northern  Europe  and  Asia.    July-Sept. 


284 


CICHORIACEAE. 


[Voi,.  III.. 


i' 


4.   Hieracium  aurantlacum  L. 

Orange  or  Tawny  Hawkweed.     Golden 

Mouse- Ear  Hawkweed.     (Fig,  3564.) 

Hieracium  atiranliacum  L.  Sp.  PI.  8oi.      1753. 

Stoloniferoufl,  or  stolons  wantiug;  stem  leaf- 
less or  rarely  with  I  or  a  small  sestilc  leaves,, 
hirsute,  slender,  6'-2o'  high.  Basal  leaves  hir- 
sute, tufted,  spatulatc  or  oblong,  obtuse,  nar- 
rowed at  the  base,  entire,  or  sometimes  slightly 
denticulate,  a'-s'  lonj;,  %'-\'  wide;  heads  sev- 
eral, short-peduncled,  corymbose,  i"-\2"  broad; 
peduncles  glandular-pubescent;  involucre  i,"- 
^"  high,  its  bracts  linear-lanceolate,  acuminate, 
imbricated  in  a  or  3  series,  hirsute  and  some- 
times glandular;  flowers  orange  or  red;  achenes 
oblong,  truncate;  pappus  a  single  row  of  slen- 
der brownish  bristles. 

In  fields,  woods  and  along  roadsides,  New  Bruns- 
wick and  Ontario  to  New  York,  New  Jersey  and 
Pennsylvania.  Naturalized  from  Europe.  Has 
been  thouffht  to  be  native,  but  the  evidence  of  this 
is  not  satisfactory.  Called  also  Grim  the  Collier, 
Devil's  Paint-Brush.    June-Sept. 


5.    Hieracium  praedltum  Vill.     King- 
devil.     (Fig.  3565.) 

Hieracium  praealtum  Vill.  Fl.  Dauph.  3: 100.   1789. 

Stoloniferous  or  stolons  wanting;  stem  gla- 
brous, or  somewhat  hispid,  glaucous,  slender, 
i%°-2,°  high,  bearing  1-3  leaves  near  the  base. 
Basal  leaves  tufted,  narrowly  oblong,  lanceolate, 
or  spatulate,  entire,  obtuse  or  acute  at  the  apex, 
narrowed  below  into  margined  petioles,  hirsute 
with  stiff  hairs,  1'-^'  long,  3"-7"  wide;  heads 
several  or  numerous,  corymbose,  \"-ii"  broad; 
peduncles  mostly  short,  pilose  and  glandular; 
involucre  about  3"  high,  its  bracts  linear,  acute 
or  acuminate,  pilose  and  somewhat  glandular, 
imbricated  in  about  2  series;  flowers  yellow; 
achenes  oblong,  truncate;  pappus  a  row  of  slen- 
der brownish  bristles. 

In  fields,  meadows  and  along  roadsides,  in  north- 
central  New  York;  locally  a  troublesome  weed. 
Naturalized  from  Europe.    June-Sept. 


6.  Hieracium  prat6nse  Tausch.     Field" 
Hawkweed.     (Fig.  3566.) 

H.  pralense Tausch,  Flora,  11:  Part  i,  Erg.  56.  i82&. 
Stoloniferous,  hirsute  or  pilose  with  long 
hairs,  those  of  the  stem  blackish.  Stem  scapose, 
simple,  i°-i°  high,  bearing  1  or  a  leaves  below 
the  middle;  basal  leaves  numerous,  tufted,  light 
green,  oblanccolate  to  oblong,  obtuse,  a'-s' long, 
5"-io"  wide,  narrowed  into  margined  petioles, 
or  to  a  sessile  base,  entire,  or  with  few  distant 
minute  glandular  teeth;  heads  several  or  nu- 
merous, corymbose- paniculate,  10"  wide,  or  less; 
flowers  yellow;  peduncles  >;landular  and  often 
tomentose;  bracts  of  the  involucre  linear- 
lanceolate,  acuminate,  glandular  and  pilose; 
achenes  columnar,  truncate. 

Dongan  Hills,  Staten  Island,  N.  Y.    Naturalized 
or  adventive  from  Europe. 


Vol..  Ill,] 


CHICORY   FAMILY. 


Field 


7.  Hieracium  vendsum  L.     Rattlesnake- 
weed.    Poor  Robin's  Plantain.     (Fig.  3567.) 
Hieracium  venosum  L.  Sp.  PI.  800.      1753. 

Stems  solitary  or  several  from  the  same  root,  slender, 
glabrous,  or  with  a  few  hispid  hairs  near  the  base,  or 
also  above,  leafless  or  with  1-3  leaves,  paniculatcly 
branched  above,  i°-2,°  high.  Basal  leave.i  tufted, 
spreading  on  the  ground,  obovatc,  oval  or  obloug-spatu- 
late,  mostly  obtuse,  narrowed  at  the  base,  sessile  or 
petioled,  I'-Y  long,  %'-iyi'  wide,  usually  purple- 
veined,  more  or  less  hirsute,  r  jme  or  all  of  them  glan- 
dular-denticulate; heads  comuionly  numerous,  5"-%"' 
broad,  15-40'floweredi  slender-peduncled;  peduncles 
glabrous.orslightlyglandular;  involucre  about  3"  high, 
its  principal  bracts  in  I  series,  glabrous  or  nearly  so, 
with  a  few  short  outer  ones;  acheues  columnar,  trun- 
cate; pappus  brown,  not  copious. 

Dry  woods  and  thickets,  Maine  to  Ontario  and  Manitoba, 
south  to  Georgia,  Kentucky  and  Nebraska.  Ascends  to  4200 
ft.  in  North  Carolina.  Called  also  Early  or  Vein-leaf 
Hawkweed,  Striped  Bloodwort,  Snake  Plantain  and  Hawkbit. 


May-Oct. 


8.     Hieracium    Marilknum  Willd. 
Maryland    Hawkweed.     (Fig.    3568.) 

H.  Marianum  Willd.  Sp.  PI.  3:  1572.      1804. 

Stems  usually  solitary,  slender,  pilose-pu- 
bescent, at  least  below,  {>auiculately  branched 
above,  2°-3°  high,  bearing  2-7  leaves.  Basal 
leaves  obovate  or  oblong,  ascending  or  erect, 
obtuse,  narrowed  at  the  base,  sessile  or  peti- 
oled, villous  or  hirsute,  glandular-denticulate, 
2'-S'  long,  I'-a'  wide,  not  purple-veined, 
those  of  the  stem  similar,  smaller;  heads 
commonly  numerous,  corymbose-paniculate, 
()"-\o"  broad,  15-40-flowered,  slender-pedun- 
cled;  peduncles  more  or  less  glandular  and 
sometimes  canescent;  involucre  about  4'^  high, 
its  principal  bracts  in  I  series.linear-lanceolate, 
acute,  or  acuminate,  glabrous  or  nearly  so,  with 
a  few  short  outer  ones;  acbenes  columnar.trun- 
cate:  pappus  brown,  not  copious. 

In  dry  woods  and  thickets,  Rhode  Island  to 
southern  New  York,  Pennsylvania,  Kentucky, 
Alabama  and  Florida.     May-July. 


9.  Hieracium  Grednii  Porter  and  Britton. 
Green's  Hawkweed.     (Fig,  3565.) 

Pilosella  spalhulata  Sch.  Hip.  Flora,  45:  439.      1862. 

Not  Hieracium  spalhulatum  Scheele,  1863. 
Hieracium  Marianum  var.  spathulatum  A.  Gray,  Syn. 

Fl.  i:  Part  2,  446.      1886. 
H.  Greenii  Porter  and  Britton,  Bull.  Terr.  Club,  ao:  120. 

1893. 

Stem  entirely  glabrous  up  to  the  branches, 
rather  slender,  leafless  or  rarely  with  i  or  3  leaves. 
i}i°-2}i°  high.  Basal  leaves  tufted,  ascending, 
spatulate,  oblong,  or  obovate,  obtuse,  narrowed  at 
the  base,  mostly  petioled,  glandular-denticulate  or 
entire,  villous-pubescent  or  somewhat  hispid,  4^-7' 
loog)  }i'-^'  wide;  heads  corymbose-paniculate,  sev- 
eral or  numerous,  30-40-flowered,  slender-pedun- 
cled,  8''-io"  broad;  peduncles  and  branches  canes- 
cent-tomentose  and  glandular;  involucre  5"  high, 
its  principal  bracts  in  i  series,  linear,  acute,  densely 
pilose-glandular;  flowers  bright  yellow;  achenes 
columnar,  truncate;  pappus  brownish,  not  copious. 

In  dry  soil,  mountains  of  Pennsylvania  to  Virginia 
and  West  Virginia.     May-June. 


286 


CICHORIACEAE. 


[Vol,.  III. 


10.    Hieracium  umbell&tum  1,.     Nar- 
row-leaved Hawkweed.     (Fig.  3570.) 

Hieracium  umbellalum  L.  Sp.  PI.  804.     1753. 

Stem  rather  slender,  glabrous  or  puberulcntr 
sometimes  hispid  below,  usually  very  leafy 
nearly  or  quite  up  to  the  inflorescence,  usual!/ 
simple,  i°-2^i°high.  Leaves  lanceolate  or  lin- 
ear-lanceolate or  the  lowest  spatulate,  entire, 
denticulate  or8ometimcslaciniate-dentatc,acute 
or  acuminate,  narrowed  to  a  sessile  base,  I'-y 
long,  2"-6"  wide,  glabrous  above,  mostly 
somewhat  pubescent  beneath,  the  margins  com- 
monly ciliolate;  no  tuft  of  basal  leaves  at 
flowering  time ;  heads  few  or  several, corymbose, 
about  i'  broad;  peduncles  rather  stout,  canes- 
cent;  involucres  s'^-y"  high,  glabrous  or 
nzz.x\"  so,  its  bracts  imbricated  in  a-3  series,  the 
outer  spreading;  flowers  bright  yellow;  achenes 
columnar,  truncate;  pappus  copious,  brownish. 

Lower  St.  I^awrence  River  to  Ontario,  Minne- 
sota, Nebraska,  British  Columbia  and  Oregon. 
Also  in  northern  Europe  and  Asia.    June-Aug. 


II.    Hierarium  Canad^nse  Michx. 

Canada  Kawkweed.     (Fig.  3571.) 
JI.  Canademe  Michx.  Fl.  Bor.  Am.  a:  86.      1803. 

Stem  evfct,flrm,glabrate  or  pubescent, leafy, 
i°-5°  hiij'h.  Leaves  numerous,  oblong-lan- 
ceolate ovate-oblong,  or  lanceolate,  acute  or 
acumiTiate  at  the  apex,  rounded,  sessile, 
and,  r.t  least  the  upper  ones,  clasping  at  the 
base,  i'-3'  long,  3"-ia"  wide,  serrate  or 
inc'.sed,  the  margins  sometimes  ciliolate, 
gl.ibrous  or  pubescent  beneath,  the  lowest 
somewhat  spatulate  and  pctioled;  no  tuft  of 
basal  leaves  at  flowering  time;  heads  usually 
numerous,  corymbose-paniculate,  about  I' 
broad;  involucre  about  6"  high,  pubescent  or 
pubcrulent,  its  bracts  imbricated  in  a-3  series, 
the  outer  spreading;  flowers  yellow;  achenes 
columnar,  truncate;  pappus  copious,  brown. 

In  dry  woods  and  thickets.  Nova  Scotia  to 
Ontario  and  the  Northwest  Territory,  south  to 
New  Jersey  and  Michigan.     July-Sept. 


13.    Hieracium  panicuUtum  I,,     Pan- 

icled  Hawkweed.     (Fig.  3572.) 
Hieracium  panicnlatum  L.  Sp.  PI.  803.      1753. 

Glabrous  throughout,  or  somewhat  pilose-pu- 
bescent below,  stem  paniculately  branched  above, 
leafy,  slender,  i°-3''  high.  Leaves  thin,  lanceo- 
late or  oblong-lanceolate,  acute  or  acuminate  at 
the  apex,  narrowed  to  a  sessile  base,  or  the  lowest 
into  petioles,  denticulate  or  dentate,  3'-6'  long, 
3"-ij"  wide;  no  tuft  of  basal  leaves  at  flowering 
time;  heads  i"-Y'  broad,  commonly  numerous, 
corymbose-paniculate,  13-20-flowered,  peduncles 
slender,  often  drooping;  peduncles  quite  glabrous 
or  sometimes  glandular;  involucre  about  3''  high, 
glabrous  or  nearly  so,  its  principal  bracts  in  I  se- 
ries, linear,  acute  with  a  few  very  small  outer  ones 
at  the  base;  flowers  yellow;  achenes  columnar, 
truncate;  pappus  brown,  not  very  copious. 

Indry  woods.Maine, Quebec  and  Ontario  to  Geor^a, 
Alabama  and  Kentucky.  Ascends  to  4600  ft.  in  Vir- 
ginia.    July-Sept. 


Vol.  III.] 


CHICORY   FAMILY 


13.   Hieracium  scllbrum  Michx. 
Rough  Hawkweed.     (Fig.  3573.) 

Jlieruriam  scabntm  Miclix.  Fl.  Bor.  Am.  a:   86. 

1803. 

Stem  stout,  leafy,  densely  hirsute  or  hispid  be- 
low and  glandular-pubescent  above,  strict,  i°- 
4°  high.  Leaves  hirsute,  obovate,  oblong,  or 
broadly  spatulate,  2'-^'  long,  i'-2'  'vide,  obtuse 
at  the  apex,  narrowed  to  the  sessile  base  or  the 
lowest  into  margined  petioles,  denticulate;  no 
tuft  of  basal  leaves  at  flviwering  time;  heads  usu- 
ally numerous,  6"-9,"  broad,  racemose-panicu- 
late; peduncles  stout,  densely  glandular;  invo- 
lucre 4"-s"  high,  glandular,  its  principal  bracts 
in  I  series,  linear,  acute  with  a  few  very  small 
outer  ones;  flowers  yellow;  achencs  columnar, 
truncate;  pappus  brown. 

In  dry  woods  and  clearings,  Nova  Scotia  to  Min- 
nesota, Georgia,  Nebraska  and  Kansas.    July-Sept. 


14.   Hieracium  Grondvii  I,.     Grotio- 

vius'  Hawkweed.     Hairy  Hawkweed. 

(Fig-  3574-) 

Hieracium  Gronovii  L.  Sp.  PI.  802.     1753. 

Stem  stiff,  mostly  slender,  leafy  and  villous 
or  hirsute,  at  least  below,  sometimes  nearly  leaf- 
less, i°-3°  high.  Leaves  villous  or  hirsute, 
the  basal  and  lower  ones  obovate  or  spatulate, 
denticulate  or  entire,  obtuse,  2'-6'  long,  usu- 
ally narrowed  into  petioles;  stem  leaves  mostly 
sessile,  oblong  or  oval,  obtuse  or  acute,  nar- 
rowed or  broad  at  the  base,  the  upper  gradu- 
ally smaller;  heads  numerous,  racemose-pan- 
iculate, 5"-8"  broad;  peduncles  glandular  and 
canescent,  slender;  involucre  about  ^"  high, 
somewhat  canescent,  its  principal  bracts  in  I 
series,  linear-lanceolate,  acute,  with  several 
very  small  outer  ones;  flowers  yellow;  achenes 
spindle-shaped,  with  a  tapering  summit;  pap- 
pus brown. 
In  dry  soil,  Massachusetts  to  Ontario,  Illinois,  Florida  and  Louisiana.    July-Sept. 

15.   Hieracium  longipilum  Torr.    Long-bearded  Hawkweed.     (Fig.  3575.) 

H.  longipilum  Torr. ;  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.  Am.  1 :  298.   1833.  ^\\ 

Hieracium  barbatum  Nutt.  Joum.  Phil.  Acad.  7:  70.  -•■    -^  -*^         -  '     ' 

1834.    NotTausch.  1828. 

Stem,  at  least  its  lower  portion,  and  leaves 
densely  covered  .with  long  brown  rather  rigid 
bristly  hairs  yi^-i'  long,  arising  from  papillae. 
Stem  very  leafy  below,  stiff,  simple,  2°-^,%° 
high;  basal  and  lower  leaves  spatulate  or  oblong, 
obtuse,  mostly  entire,  4'-8'  long,  narrowed  into 
margrined  petioles,  the  upper  lanceolate  or  spatu- 
late, mostly  sessile,  the  uppermost  small  and 
bract-like;  heads  not  very  numerous,  racemose 
or  racemose-paniculate,  8"-io"  broad;  pedun- 
cles short,  stout,  tomentose  and  glandular;  invo- 
lucre 4"-5"  Wgh.  its  principal  bracts  in  i  series, 
linear-lanceolate,  acuminate,  with  several  short 
subulate  outer  ones;  flowers  yellow;  achenes  fusi- 
form with  a  slightly  tapering  summit;  pappus 
brown. 

Prairies  and  dry  woods,  Ontario  to  Minnesota,  Illi- 
nois, Kansas  and  Texas.     July-Sept. 


a88  CICHORIACEAE.  [Vol..  III. 

aa.   NABALUS  Cass.  Diet.  Sci.  Nat.  34:  94.      1825. 

Perennial,  herbs  with  alternate,  mostly  petioled,  dentate  lobcd  or  pinnatifid  leaves,  or  the 
upper  auriculate  and  clasping,  and  numerous  small  heads  of  Ululate  white  yellowish  or 
purplish  flowers  in  open  or  spike-like  terminal  panicles,  or  also  in  axillary  clusters,  usually 
drooping.  Involucre  cylindric,  usually  narrow,  its  principal  bracts  in  I  or  a  series,  nearly  equal, 
with  a  few  smaller  exterior  ones  at  the  base.  Receptacle  flat,  naked.  Rays  truncate  and 
5  toothed  at  the  summit.  Style-branches  slender.  Achenes  oblong  or  narrowly  columnar, 
truncate,  terete  or  4-5-angled,  mostly  lo-ribbed.  Pappus  of  copious  rather  rigid  simple  white 
to  reddish-brown  bristles.     [Modern  Latin,  from  an  Indian  name  for  Rattlesnake-root,] 

About  20  species,  natives  of  America  and  Asia.  Besides  the  followinK,  another  occurs  in  north- 
west America.  Known  by  the  general  name  of  Rattlesnake-root  or  Drop-flower,  The  European 
and  African  genus  Prenanthes  L.,  is  distinct  from  this. 


Mr  Bract!  of  the  involucre  glabrous,  or  with  a  few  acattered  haira. 

Heads  5-7-flowered;  involucre  very  narrow,  light  green,  i"  thick;  pappus  light  straw-color. 

I.  N.  aUissimus. 
Heads  8-i6-flowered;  involucre  broader,  green,  purple  or  glaucous,  i%"~3"  tbick. 
I^eaves,  or  some  of  them,  lobed,  divided,  or  pinnatifid;  involucre  about  iH"  thick. 
Pappus  deep  cinnamon-brown.  3.  A^.  albus. 

Pappus  straw-color  or  light  brown. 
Inflorescence  paniculate. 

Involucral  Dracts  with  some  stiff  hairs,  obviously  shorter  than  the  pappus;  panicle- 
branches  divergent.  3.  A^.  serfienlarius. 
Involucral  bracts  glabrous,  equalling  the  pappus;  panicle-branches  a  scending,  or 
upcurved.  4.  A^.  tri/oliolalus. 
Inflorescence  thyrsoid  or  glomerate. 

Leaves  palmately  lobed  or  divided ;  northern.  5.  N.  nanus. 

Leaves  pinnately  lobed  or  pinnatifid:  southern.  6.  N.virgatus. 

Leaves  irregularly  dentate  or  denticulate,  oblong^;  plant  tall.  3.  A'',  serpentarius. 

Leaves  entire  or  denticulate;  plant  low,  alpine;  involucre  3%"-^"  thick.     7.  A''.  Booltii. 

4(.  #  Bracts  of  tlie  involucre  hiraute-pubeacent. 

Inflorescence  narrowly  thyrsoid;  heads  8-i6-flowered. 

Leaves  and  stem  rough-puberulent  or  scabrous.  8.  A'',  asper. 

Leaves  and  stem  glabrous,  glaucous.  9.  A^.  racemosus. 

Inflorescence  corymbose-paniculate;  heads  20-35- flowered.  >o.  A'',  crepidineus. 


I.   Nabalus  altissimus  (L.)  Hook.    Tall  White  Lettuce,     (Fig.  3576.) 


Prenanthes  altissima  L.  Sp.  PI.  797.      1753. 

Nabalus  altissimus  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.  Am.  i:  294. 
1833- 

Glabrous,  or  sparingly  hispidulous,  not 
glaucous;  stem  slender,  3°-?°  high,  green, 
or  sometimes  purplish.  Leaves  thin,  has- 
tate, cordate,  ovate,or  the  uppermost  lanceo- 
late, entire.denticulate,  dentate  or  palmately 
lobed  or  divided,  most  of  them  long-  petioled , 
the  larger  sometimes  6'  long;  heads  very 
numerous,  in  a  narrow  panicle,  and  often  in 
axillary  clusters,  5-7-flowered,  pendulous, 
about  3''' broad;  inflorescence  often  narrow; 
involucre  narrowly  cylindric,  5''-f>"  long, 
about  i''  thick,  green,  glabrous,  its  principal 
bracts  about  5;  flowers  greenish  or  yellow- 
ish white;  pappus  light  straw-color. 

In  woods  and  thickets,  Newfoundland  to 
Manitotm,  south  to  Georgia  and  Tennessee. 
A  plant  from  Missouri  has  bright  brovm  pap- 
pus. Called  also  Lion's-foot,  Rattlesnake-root. 
Ascends  to  3500  ft.  in  the  Catskills.    July-Oct. 


Vol..  HI] 


CHICORY  FAMILY, 


'.) 


a.   Nabalus  41bu8  (L.)  Hook.      Rattle- 
snake-root.   White  Lettuce.   (Fig.  3577.) 


Prenanlhes  alba  I,.  Sp.  PI.  798.      1753. 
Nabalus  atbus  Hook.  PI.  liur.  Am.  i:  394. 


■833. 


Glabrous  and  glaucous;  stem  conimonly  pur. 
pie,  a°-5°  high.  Leaves  hastate,  ovate,  cordate, 
denticulate,  dentate,  lobed,  or  paltnately  di- 
vided,or  the  upper  lanceolate.entire,  thicker  than 
those  of  the  preceding  species,  the  larger  some- 
times 8'  long;  heads  numerous,  pendulous,  8-15- 
flowered,  about  3"  broad,  paniculate,  or  thyr- 
soid,  and  often  in  axillary  clusters;  involucre 
glabrous,  or  with  a  few  scattered  hairs,  glaucous, 
5"-7"  high,  about  1%"  thick,  its  principal 
bracts  about  8,  purplish,  with  several  minute 
outer  ones;  flowers  greenish  or  yellowish  white, 
fragrant;  pappus  dark  cinnamon-brown. 

In  woods,  Maine  and  Ontario  to  Manitoba,  south 
to  Georgfia  and  Kentucky  Called  also  I,ion's-foot 
and  White  Cankerweed.    Aug-Sept. 


3.   Nabalus  serpentdrius  (Pursh) 
Hook.     lyion's-foot.     Gall-of-the-Earth. 

(Fig.  3578-) 
Prenanthes  serpentaria  Pursh,  Fl.  Am.  Sept.  499. 

pi.  24.     1 814. 
Nabalus serpentarius Hook.  PI.  Bor.Ani.  i: 394.  1833. 
Nabalus  Fraseri  DC.  Prodr.  7:  241.      1838. 

Glabrous  or  sparingly  pubescent,  green;  stem 
stout  or  slender,  not  glaucous,  i°-4°  high.  Leaves 
rather  firm,  similar  to  those  of  the  preceding  spe- 
cies, equally  variable  in  outline,  often  pinnatifid 
or  pinnately  lobed,  or  palmately  divided;  inflores- 
cence paniculate,  the  branches  divaricate,  up- 
curved;  heads  numerous,  about  ■>/'  broad,  8-13- 
flowered,  pendulous,  paniculate,  and  commonly 
also  in  axillary  clusters;  involucre  more  or  less 
bristly-hispid,  rarely  glabrous,  green  or  purplish, 
about  I  }i"  thick,  5"-j"  long,  its  principal  bracts 
about  8,  shorter  than  the  pappus,  with  several 
minute  lanceolate  outer  ones;  flowers  whitish  or 
cream-color,  rarely  yellow;  achenes  about  3"  long;  pappus  light  brown  or  straw-color. 

In  fields  and  thickets,  Ontario  to  southern  New  York,  Florida,  Alabama  and  Kentucky.    Called 
also  Canker-weed,  Rattlesnake-root,  White  Lettuce  and  Snake  Gentian.    July-Oct. 

Nabalus  serpentirias  iotegrifdlius  (Cass.)  Britten. 
Nabalus  integrifolius  Cass.  Diet.  Sci.  Nat.  34:  95.      1825. 

Leaves  oblong  to  oval,  irregularly  dentate,  denticulate  or  entire.    Long  Island  to  North  Carolina. 

4.    Nabalus  trifolioldtus  Cass.     Tall 
Rattlesnake- root.     (Fig.  3579.) 

Nabalus  trifoliolatus  Cass.  Diet.  Sci.  Nat.  34: 95.  1825. 
Glabrous  throughout';  stem  usually  stout,  3°-9° 
high.  Leaves  thinnish,  the  lower  long-petioled, 
usually  3-divided  with  the  divisions  stalked  or  ses- 
sile, the  upper  short-petioled  or  sessile,  all  com- 
monly lobed  or  dentate,  but  the  upper  sometimes 
lanceolate,  acuminate  and  entire;  inflorescence 
paniculate,  the  panicle-branches  ascending,  or 
nearly  erect;  heads  few  in  the  clusters,  drooping, 
7- 1 2-flowered ;  involucre  pale  green  or  purplish,  gla- 
brous, about  i\i''  thick  and  6"  long,  its  principal 
bracts  6-8,  equalling  the  pappus,  the  short  outer 
ones  ovate  to  lanceolate;  flowers  whitish  or  pale 
yellow;  achenes  2"-3"  long;  pappus  light  brown. 

In  woods  and  thickets,  Maine  to  Pennsylvania,  and 
probably  much  more  widely  distributed.    Aug. -Oct. 

19 


S90 


CICHOXIACKAK. 


[Vol.    HI. 


Prenanlhes  I'iri^ata  Michx.  Fl. 
Nabalus  virgatus  DC.  Prodr.  7: 


5.  Nabalus  nJknus  (Bigel.)  DC.     Low  Kattlesnake-root,  or  Lion's-foot. 

(Fig.  3580.);;^=; 

Ptenanlhes  alba  var.  nana  Bigel.  Fl.  BoBt.  Kd.  2, 

386.      1834. 
Nabalus  nanus  T)C.  Prodr.  7:  3^1.      1838. 
Prenanlhes  serpenlaria  var.  nana  A.  Gray,  Syn.  Fl. 

i:  Part  3,  4.vt.      1884. 

Glabroui  throughout;  stem  simple,  erect,  4'- 
16'  high.  Hasal  md  lower  leaves  slender-peti- 
oled,  3-divided,  or  sometimes  broadly  hastate, 
the  divisions  variously  lobed,  toothed,  or  entire, 
usually  .se8sile,ocCR8ionally  stalked;  upper  leaves 
much  smaller,  entire,  toothed,  or  lobed,  sessile, 
or  short-petioled ;  inflorescence  thy  rsoid,  glomer- 
nte-spicate  or  racemose,  rarely  with  i  or  2  short 
ascending  branches;  involucre  dark  purple-brown 
or  nearly  black,  glabrous,  4"-6"  long,  its  inner 
bracts  6-8,  slightly  ciliate  at  the  apex,  about  as 
long  as  the  usually  bright  brownish  pappus;  outer 
bracts  lanceolate  to  ovate -lanceolate. 

Alpine  Hummits  of  the  Adirondack*  and  the 
mountains  of  New  Uneland ;  Nova  Scotia  to  Labra- 
dor and  Newfoundland.    Aug.-Sept. 

6.  Nabalus  virg&tus  (Michx.)  DC. 
Slender  Rattlesnake-root.     ( Fig.  3581.) 

Bor.  Am.  a:  8a.      1803. 
;  342.     1838. 

Glabrous,  somewhat  glaucous;  stem  strict,  mostly 
simple,  2°-4°  high.  Leaves  lanceolate  or  oblong- 
lanceolate,  the  basal  and  lower  ones  sinuate-pin- 
natiiid  or  pinnately  parted,  petioled,  often  10'  long, 
the  lobes  entire  or  dentate,  distant;  upper  leaves  all 
sessile,  pinnately  lobed,  or  the  uppermost  entire, 
very  small  and  bract-like;  heads  very  numerous, 
pendulous,  about  2"  broad,  in  a  narrow,  simple  or 
branched,  terminal  thyrsus,  often  unilateral;  invo- 
lucre purplish,  about  i^"  thick  and  5"  long,  its 
principal  bracts  about  8,  with  several  minute  outer 
ones;  flowers  white  or  pinkish ;  pappus  straw-color. 

In  moist  sandy  soil,  New  Jersey  to  Florida,  near  the 
coast.    Called  also  De  Witt's  Snakeroot.    Sept. -Oct. 


7.   Nabalus  Bodttii  DC.     Boott's 
Rattlesnake-root.     (Fig.  3582.) 

Nabalus  Boottii  DC.  Prodr.  7:  241-      1838. 
Prenanlhes  Boottii  A.  Gray,  Syn.  Fl.  i:  Part  2,  435. 

1884. 

Glabrous  below,  commonly  pubescent  above; 

stem  simple,  4''-i2''  high.    Leaves  thickish,  the 

basal  and  lower  ones  ovate,  hastate,  or  deltoid, 

petioled,  mostly  obtuse,  entire,  or  denticulate, 

\'  -2'  long,  thf  upper  ovate  or  oblong,  tisually 

entire,  short-petitled  or  sessile,  much  smaller; 

heads  several  or  numerous,  io-i8-flowered,  erect, 

spreading,  or  some  of  them  pendulous,  racemose 

or  somewhat  thyrsoid,  Y'S"  broad;  involucre 

campanulate-obIong,3^'''  3''  thlck,4''-7''''  long, 

dark  purplish-green,  its  principal  bracts  8-10, 

obtuse  or  obtusish,  with  several  shorter  outer 

ones;  flowers  whitish,  odorous;  pappus  brownish. 

Alpine  suramits  of  the  mountains  of  northern 
New  Bngland  and  New  York.    July-Aug. 


..«". 


Vol.  III.] 


CHICORY  FAMILY, 


--}"  long, 


8.   NabaluB  Asper  (Michx.)  T.  &  G. 
Rough  White-lettuce.     (Fig.  3583.) 

Prenanlhes  a%pera  Mlchx.  I'l.  l>or.  Am.  a:  83.      1803. 
Sabalui  asper  T.  &  G.  Fl.  N.  A.  a:  483.      1843. 

Scabrous  cr  rough-puberulent;  stem  virgate,  simple, 
a°-4''  high.  Leaves  firm,  oval,  oblong,  or  oblanceolate, 
those  of  the  stem  all  closely  sessile,  acute  or  acutish, 
dentate,  denticulate,  or  the  uppermost  entire,  the  lower 
sometimes  clasping,  I'-j'  long,  %'-\'  wide,  the  basal 
tapering  into  winged  petioles,  commonly  obtuse;  heads 
very  numerous,  erect,  spreading,  or  slightly  drooping, 
3"-4"  broad,  la  i6-flowered,  in  a  long  narrow  thyrsus; 
involucre  oblong,  ■i"-i%"  thick,  5"-7"  high,  very 
hirsute,  its  principal  bracts  8-10,  with  several  short 
outer  ones;  flowers  light  yellow;  pappus  straw-color. 

On  dry  prairies,  Ohio  to  Minnesota  and  Nebraska,  south 
to  Kentucky,  Louisiana  and  Kansas.    Aug. -Sept. 


9.   Nabalus  racemdsus  (Michx.)  DC. 
Glaucous  White- lettuce.     (Fig.  3584.) 

Prenanlhes  racemoia  Michx.  Bor.  Fl.  Am.  a:  83.     1803. 
Nabalus  racemosus  DC.  Prodr.  7:  242.      1838. 

Stem  virgate,  rather  stout,  glabrous  and  some- 
what glaucor  V  stem  striate,  2°-&'  high.  Leaves 
thickish, glabrous  and  glaucou.s,the  lower  and  basal 
ones  oval,  oblong,  oblanceolate,  orobovate,  dentate 
or  denticulate,  4'-8'  long,  mostly  obtuse,  tapering 
into  long  margined  petioles;  upper  leaves  sessile, 
smaller  and  partly  clasping,  lanceolate  to  ovate-lan- 
ceolate, denticulate  or  entire,  mostly  acute;  heads 
very  numerous,  erect,  spreading,  or  slightly  droop- 
ing, i-i6-flowered,  2"-3"  broad,  in  a  long  narrow 
thyrsus;  involucre  oblong-cylindric,  hirsute,  5"- 
6"  Ic.ig,  iyi"-i%"  thick,  longer  than  the  hirsute 
peduncle,  its  principal  bracts  8-in,  with  several  small 
outer  ones;  flowers  purplish;   pappus  straw-color. 

In  racist  open  places,  New  Brunswick  and  Anticosti 
to  the  Northwest  Territory,  south  to  southern  New  York,  New  Jersey,  Missouri  and  Colorado. 
Aug.-Sept. 

Nabalus  racem6sus  pinnatifldus  (A.  Gray)  Britton. 
Prenanlhes  racemosa  var.  pinnalifida  A.  Gray,  Syn.  Fl.  i;  Part  2,  433.      1884. 

Leaves  pinnatifid  or  pinnately  lobed.    Hackensack  mrtrshes,  N.  J.;  near  Mt.  Vernon,  N.  V. 
Prenanthes  Maininsis  A.  Gray,  Syn.  PI.  i:  Part  2,  433,  (rum  northern  Maine,  is  probably  a  hybrid 
between  A',  racemosus  and  N.  tri/oliolalus. 


10.   Nabalus  crepidineus  (Michx.)  DC. 

(Fig-  3585.) 

Prenanlhes crepidineatSXchx  Fl.  Bor.  Am.  a: 84.    1803. 
Nabalus  crepidineus  DC.  Prodr.  7;  242.      1838. 

Stem  glabrous  or  very  nearly  so  below,  coryni- 
bosely  branched  and  sometimes  puberulent  above, 
stout,  5°-9°  high.  Leaves  thin,  the  basal  and  lower 
ones  hastate,  ovate,  oblong,  or  deltoid,  sharply  den- 
tate, lobed,  or  incised,  sometimes  ic/  long,  usually 
■with  broadly  winged  petioles;  the  upper  much 
smaller,  sessile  or  short-petioled,  narrowed  at  ths 
base,  not  clasping,  ovate,  deltoid,  or  lanceolate, 
acute;  heads  numerous,  pendulous,  short-peduncled, 
corymbose-paniculate,  4'"-6"  broad,  ao-35-flowered; 
involucre  oblong  or  oblong-campanulate,  hirsute, 
S"-8"  long,  about  3"  thick,  dark  green  or  purplish, 
its  principal  bracts  12-15,  with  several  very  short 
outer  ones;  flowers  cream  color;  pappus  brown. 

In  fields  and  thickets,  western  Pennsylvania  and  New 
York  to  Kentucky,  west  to  Minnesota  and  Kansas. 
Aug.-Oct.  . 


Corymbed  Rattlesnake-root. 


393  AMBROSIACEAE.  [Vol,.  III. 

Family  42.     AMBROSIACEAE  Reichetib.  Consp.  112.       1828. 

Ragweed  Family. 

Annual  or  perennial  herbs,  monoecious,  or  sometimes  dioecious,  many  of  them 
weeds,  rarely  shrubby,  with  alternate  leaves,  or  the  lower  opposite,  and  small 
heads  of  greenish  or  white  flowers  subtended  by  an  involucre  of  few,  separate  or 
united  bracts,  the  pistillate  heads  sometimes  larger  and  nut-like  or  bur-like. 
Staminate  and  pistillate  flowers  in  the  same  heads,  or  in  separate  heads.  Re- 
ceptacle chaffy.  Pistillate  flowers  with  no  corolla,  or  this  reduced  to  a  short 
tube  or  ring;  calyx  adnate  to  the  i-celleu  ovary,  its  limb  none,  or  a  mere 
border;  style  2-cleft.  Staminate  flowers  with  a  funnelform  tubular  or  obconic 
4-5-lobed  corolla;  stamens  mostly  5,  separate,  or  their  anthers  merely  conni- 
vent,  not  truly  syngenes'.ous,  with  short  inflexed  appendages;  ovary  rudimen- 
tary; .summit  of  the  style  often  hairy  or  penicillate. 

Eight  genera  and  about  55  species,  mostly  natives  of  America,  a  few  only  of  the  Old  World. 

.Staminate  and  pistillate  flowers  in  the  same  heads;  involucre  of  a  few  rounded  bracts,  i.  h'a. 
Staminate  and  pistillate  flowers  in  separate  heads,  the  staminate  mostly  uppermost;  involucre  of 
the  pistillate  heads  bur-like  or  nut-like. 
Involucral  bracts  of  the  staminate  heads  united. 

Involucre  of  the  pistillate  heads  with  several  tubercles  or  prickles  in  a  single  series. 

2.  Ambrosia. 
Involucre  of  the  pistillate  heads  with  numerous  prickles  in  several  series.    3.  Gaerlneria. 
Involucral  bracts  of  the  staminate  heads  separate;  involucre  of  pistillate  heads  an  oblong  bur. 

4.  Xantltium. 


IVA 


Iv.  Sp.  PI.  988.     1753. 

Puberulent  or  scabrous  harbs,  with  thick  opposite  leaves,  or  the  upper  alternate,  and  small 
nodding,  axillary  a'ld  solitary,  spicate  racemose  or  paniculate  heads  of  greenish  flowers.  In- 
volucre hemispheric  or  cup  shaped,  its  bracts  few,  rounded.  Receptacle  chaffy,  the  linear  or 
spaiulate  chaff  enveloping  the  flowers.  Marginal  flowers  i-6,  pistillate,  fertile,  their  corollas 
short,  tubular  or  none  Disk-flowers  perfect,  sterile,  their  corollas  funnelform,  s-lobed,  their 
styles  undivided,  dilated  at  the  apex,  .\nthers  entire  at  the  base,  yellow,  scarcely  coherent 
with  each  other,  tipped  with  macronate  appendages.  Achenescompressed,  obovoid,  glabrous. 
Pappus  none.     [Nam;  d  after  Ajuga  Iva,  from  its  similar  smell.] 

About  12  species,  natives  of  America.  Besides  the  following,  6  others  occur  in  the  southern 
and  western  United  States. 

lieads  spicate  or  racemose,  cacli  subtended  by  a  linear  or  oblong  leaf. 
Heads  solitary,  pedicelled. 

Bracts  of  the  involucre  4-5;  heads  \\i"-i"  high. 
Leaves  serrate,  oval  or  oblong;  eastern 
Leaves  entire  or  nearly  so,  obovate  or  ublong;  western. 
Bracts  of  the  involucre  6-9;  heads  3"-.^"  high;  southeastern. 
Heads  spicate-paniculate;  leaves  dentate. 
Heads  spicate-paniculate,  not  subtended  by  leaves. 


/,  frulescens. 
I.  axillaris, 
I.  imbricaia. 
I.  ciliata. 
I.  xanthiifolia. 


X.   Iva  fruttscens  L,.     Marsh  Elder. 
High-water  Shrub.     (Fig.  3586.) 

/?'(j  frulescens  L.  Sp,  PI.  989.     1753. 

Perennial,  shrubby  or  herbaceous,  somewhat 
fleshy;  stem  paniculately  branched  above,  mi- 
,/"  nutely  pubescent,  or  sometimes  glabrous  below, 
3°-i2°  high.  Leaves  oval,  oblong,  or  oblong- 
lanceolate,  all  the  lower  ones  opposite,  short- 
petioled,  3-nerved,  acute  or  obtusish,serrate,  nar- 
r^  rowed  at  the  base, the  lower  4  '-6'  long,  1  '-2'  wide, 
the  upper  smaller  and  narrower,  passing  gradu- 
ally into  those  of  the  racemose  inflorescence 
which  are  much  longer  than  the  short-pedi- 
celled  heads;  involucre  depressed-hemispheric, 
its  bracts  about  5,orbicular-obovate,separate;  fer- 
tile flowers  about  5,  their  corollas  tubular. 

Alc.tii:  ^alt  marshes  and  on  muddy  sea-shores, 
Masstciii  fietts  to  Florida  and  Texas,  the  northern 
plant  uaiiily  broader-leaved  and  less  shrubby  than 
the  southe;!!.    July-Sept. 


^^^^^"—""imm 


Vot,.  III.] 


RAGWEED  FAMILY. 


293 


a.   Iva  axillaris  Pursh.     Small-flowered 
Marsh  Elder.     (Fig.  3587.) 
Iva  axillaris  Pursh,  Fl.  Am.  .Sept.  74,v     1814. 

Perennial  by  woody  roots;  stems  herbaceous,a.sceiid- 
ing,  glabrous  or  sparingly  pubescent, simple  or  branch- 
ed, i°-2°  high.  Leaves  sessile,  entire  or  very  nearly 
so,  obtuse,  faintly  3-nerved,  obovate,  oblong,  or  linear- 
oblong,  %'-\.y%'  long,  t hick, somewhat  fleshy,  glabrous 
or  pubescent,  the  lower  opposite,  the  upper  alternate 
and  smaller,  passing  gradually  into  those  of  the 
inflorescence;  heads  mostly  solitary  in  the  axils  of  the 
leaves,  a'''-3"  broad,  short-peduncled;  involucre  hem- 
ispheric, about  i%"  high;  its  bracts  about  5,  connate 
at  the  base,  or  united  nearly  to  the  summit;  pistillate  (^ 
flowers  4  or  5,  their  corollas  tubular. 

In  saline  or  alkaline  soil,  Northwest  Territory  to  west- 
em  Nebraska,  New  Mexico,  British  Columbia  and  Cali- 
fornia.    May-Sept. 


3.    Iva  imbricitta  Walt.     Sea-coast  Marsh 

Elder.     (Fig.  3588.) 
Iva  imbricata  Walt.  PI.  Car.  232.      1788. 

Perennial  by  woody  roots,  glabrous  or  nearly  so 
throughout,  fleshy;  stem  i°-2°  higb,  simple,  or 
sparingly  branched.  Leaves  all  but  the  lowest  al- 
ternate, sessile,  oblong-spatulate,  or  lanceolate,  ob- 
tusish,  mucronulate,  entire,  or  rarely  serrate,  ob- 
scurely 3-nerved,  the  larger  I'-a'  long,  3'''-5''' wide; 
heads  about  4"  broad,  short-peduncled  or  nearly 
sessile,  the  upper  ones  longer  than  their  subtending 
leaves;  involucre  broadly  campanulate,  its  bracts 
6-9,  not  united,  somewhat  imbricated  in  2  series; 
fertile  flowers  2-4,  their  corollas  tubular,  the  stam- 
inate  ones  much  more  numerous;  chaff  of  the  re- 
ceptacle spatulate. 

On  sandy  sea-shores,  Virginia  (according  toGray),  and 
North  Carolina  to  Florida  and  Louisiana.    July-Oct. 


4.   Iva 


ciliata  Willd. 
Elder.     (Fig. 


Rough  Marsh 
3589.) 


/fa  annwa  Michx.Fl.  Bor.  Am.  a:  184.     1803.    Notl.? 
Iva  cilia/a  Willd.  Sp.  PI.  3:  4386.      1804. 

Annual,  hispid-pubescent;  stem  simple,  or 
branched,  2°-6°  high.  Leaves  nearly  all  opposite, 
ovate,  petioled,  scarcely  fleshy,  puberulent  be- 
neath, acuminate  at  the  apex,  abruptly  or  gradu- 
ally narrowed  at  the  base,  coarsely  and  irregularly 
dentate,  3-nerved,  the  lower  4''-5'  long;  heads 
spicate-paniculate,  about  ■'"  broad;  spikes  dense 
or  interrupted,  erect,  a'--8'  long;  upper  leaves  lin- 
ear-lanceolate, hispid,  squarrose,  much  longer 
than  the  heads;  bracts  of  the  involucre  3-5,  dis- 
tinct or  united  below,  hispid;  fertile  flowers  3-5, 
their  corollas  slender;  staminate  flowers  10-15. 

In  moist  soil,  Illinois  to  Nebraska,  south  to  Louisi- 
ana and  New  Mexico.  Plant  with  the  aspect  of 
Ambrosia.    Aug. -Oct. 


.. 


Burweed  Marsh  Elder. 


394  AMBROSIACEAE.  [Vol.  III. 

5.   Iva  xanthiifdlia  (Fresen.)  Nutt 
(Fig-  3590.) 

Cyclachaena  xanthii/olia    Fresen.   Ind.   Sem. 

Hort.  Franc.  4.      1836. 
Iva  xanthii/olia  Nutt.  Trans.  Am.  Phil.  Soc. 

(11)7:347-    1841. 

Annual;  stem  much  branched,  pubescent 
or  puberulent  above,  glabrous  below,  3°-6° 
high.  Leaves  nearly  all  opposite,  broadly 
ovate,  long-petioled,  acuminate  at  the  apex, 
abruptly  or  gradually  contracted  at  the  base, 
coarsely  and  irregularly  dentate,  pale  and 
canescent  or  puberulent  beneath,  roughish 
at)Ove,  3-ribbed,  the  lower  often  6'  long  and 
wide;  inflorescence  spicate-paniculate,  termi- 
nal and  axillary,  ample,  naked;  heads  sessile 
or  minutely  peduncled,  less  than  i"  broad; 
bracts  of  the  involucre  in  a  series  of  5,  the 
outer  ovate,  the  inner  obovate  or  truncate.con- 
cave,  subtending  the  usually  5  achenes;  corol- 
las of  the  fertile  flowers  rudimentary  or  none; 
staminate  flowers  io-i5,their  corolla.s  obconic. 

In  moist  soil,  or  sometimes  in  waste  places, 
Michig^an  to  Northwest  Territory,  south  to  Wis- 
consin, Nebraska,  New  Mexico  and  Utah.  Plant 
with  the  aspect  of  a  Chenopodium.    July-Sept. 

2.   AMBROSIA  L.  Sp.  PI.  987.      1753. 

Monoecious  (rarely  dioecious)  branching  herbs,  with  alternate  or  opposite,  mostly  lobed 
or  divided  leaves,  and  small  heads  of  green  flowers,  the  staminate  spicate  or  racemose,  the 
pistillate  solitary  or  clustered  in  the  upper  axils.  Involucre  of  the  pistillate  heads  globose- 
ovoid  or  top  shaped,  closed,  i-flowered,  usually  armed  with  4-8  tubercles  or  spines;  corolla 
none;  stamens  none;  style-branches  filiform;  achenes  ovoid  or  obovoid;  pappus  none.  In- 
volucre of  the  staminate  heads  mostly  hemispheric  or  saucer-shaped,  5-12-lobed,  open,  many- 
flowered;  receptacle  nearly  flat,  naked  or  with  filiform  chaff;  corolla  funnelform,  5-toothed; 
anthers  scarcely  coherent,  mucronate-tipped;  style  undivided,  penicillate  at  the  summit. 
[The  ancient  classical  name.  ] 

About  12  species,  mostly  natives  of  America.  Besides  the  following^,  some  5  others  occur  in 
the  southern  and  western  United  States. 

Sterile  hea''^  dessile;  a  lanceolate  hispid  lobe  on  inner  border  of  involucre,  i.  A.  bidentala. 
Sterile  heitds  short-pedicelled,  involucre  depressed-hemispheric. 

Leaves  opposite,  palmately  3-5-lobed,  or  undiviJc  j;  receptacle  naked,    a.  A.  trifida. 

I<eaves  opposite  and  alternate,  1-2-pinnatifid;  re?eptacle  chaffy. 

Annual;  leai'ssthin;  fruiting  involucre  spiny.  3. 

Perennial;  leaves  thick;  fruiting  involucre  naked  or  tubercled.  4. 


A.  arlemisiaefolia. 
A.  psilostachya. 


I.   Ambrosia  bident&ta  Michx. 
Lance-leaved  Ragweed.     (Fig.  3591.) 

Ambrosia  bidentala  Michx.  PI.  Bor.  Am.  a:  182. 
1803. 

Annual,  hirsute,  usually  much  branched,  very 
leafy,  i°-3°  high.  Leaves  lanceolate,  mainly 
alternate,  sessile  and  somewhat  cordate-clasping 
at  the  base,  acuminate  at  the  apex,  i-nerved, 
I  '-3'  long,  a"-4"  wide,  usually  with  i  or  2  sharp 
lobei  at  the  base  and  a  few  minute  sharp  teeth 
above,  or  the  upper  ones  quite  entire,  rough  and 
hirsute  or  ciliate;  spikes  of  staminate  heads 
denie,  3'-7'  long,  their  involucres  turbinate, 
bearing  a  long  lanceolate  hispid  reflexed  lobe 
appearing  like  a  bract  on  the  inner  border, 
their  receptacles  chaffy;  fertile  heads  solitary, 
or  clustered,  oblong,  4-angled,  3"-4"  long,  bear- 
ing 4  sharp  spines. 

Prairies,  Illinois  to  Missouri,  south  to  Louisiana 
and  Texas.    July-Sept. 


Vol..  HI.] 


RAGWEED  FAMILY. 


295 


a.  Ambrosia  trifidaL.    Horse-cane.    Bit- 
ter-weed.   Great  Ragweed.    (Fig.  3592.) 

Ambrosia  trifida  L.  Sp.  PI.  987.     1753. 

Annual,  scabrous  or  hispid,  or  nearly  glabrous, 
branched,  s"-!?"  high.  Leaves  all  opposite,  peti- 
oled,  3-nerved,  deeply  3-5-lobed,  the  lobes  lanceo- 
late or  ovate,  sharply  serrate,  acute  or  acuminate; 
lower  leaves  often  1°  wide,  the  upper  sometimes 
ovate  and  undivided;  racemes  of  sterile  heads  3'- 
10'  long,  their  involucres  saucer-shaped,  3-ribbed 
on  the  outer  side,  crenate- margined  or  truncate, 
their  receptacles  naked;  fertile  heads  usually  clus- 
tered in  the  axils  of  the  upper  bract-like  leaves,  tur- 
binate to  obovoid,  5-7-ribbed,  conic-beaked,  i"-^" 
long,  each  rib  bearing  a  tubercle  near  the  summit. 

In  moi'^t  soil,  Quebec  to  Florida,  west  to  the  North- 
west TerritorT,   Nebraska,  Colorado  and  Arkansas. 
Also  called  Tall  Ambrosia,  Richweed,  Wild  Hemp. 
July-Oct. 
Ambrosia  triflda  integiifdUa  (Muhl.)  T.  &  G.  Fl.  N.  A. 

3:  390.      1841. 
A.  inlegri/olia  Muhl. ;  Willd.  Sp.  PI.  4:  375.     1805. 

Leaves  ovate  or  oblong^- lanceolate,  not  lobed;  plant 
usually  lower.    Frequent  with  the  type. 


3.  Ambrosia  artemisiaefdlia  I^.    Rag- 
weed.   Roman  Wormwood.    Hogweed. 
Wild  Tansy.     (Fig.  3593.) 
Ambrosia  artemisiae/olia  L.  Sp.  PI.  987.     1753. 

Annual,  pubescent,  puberulent  or  hirsute,  pan- 
iculately  branched,  i°-6°  high.  Leaves  thin,  i- 
2-pinnatifid,  petioled,  2'-4'  long,  the  upper  alter- 
nate, the  lower  mostly  opposite,  pale  or  canescent 
beneath,  the  lobes  oblong  or  lanceolate,  obtuse  or 
acute;  uppermost  leaves  of  the  branches  some- 
times linear-lanceolate  and  entire;  racemes  of 
sterile  heads  very  numerous,  i'-(t'  long,  the 
involucres  hemispheric,  crenate,  the  receptacle 
chaffy;  fertile  heads  obovoid  or  subglobose, mostly 
clustered, I >i "-2"  long,  short-beaked,  4-6-spined 
near  the  summit,  sparingly  pubescent. 

In  dry  soil,  often  a  pernicious  weed  in  cultivated 
fields,  Nova  Scotia  to  Florida,  west  to  British  Colum- 
bia and  Mexico.  Also  in  the  Weit  Indies  and  South 
America,  and  introduced  into  Europe  as  a  weed. 
Also  called  Bitterweed,  Stickweed,  Stammerwort, 
Carrot-weed.     July-Oct. 


4.  Ambrosia  psilostilchya  DC.     Western 
Ragweed.      (Fig.  3594.) 

Ambrosia  psilostachya  DC.  Prodr.  5;  526.     1836.  ^ 

Similar  to  the  preceding  species,  but  perennial, 
the  leaves  thick,  the  pubescence  strigose  or  hifpid. 
Stems  usually  much  branched,  2°-6°  high,  rather 
stout;  leaves  1-3  pinnatifid,  2'-^'  long,  the  lobes 
acutish;  racemes  of  sterile  heads  several  or  numer- 
ous, s'-d'  long,  the  involucres  campanulate,  the 
receptacles  chaffy;  fertile  heads  mostly  solitary, 
ovoid  or  obovoid,  reticulated,  short-pointed,  un- 
armed, or  with  about  4  short  tubercles,  pubescent, 
i^/'-2"  long. 

In  moist  open  soil,  Illinois  to  the  Northwest  Terri- 
tory, south  to  Texas,  Mexico  and  California.    July-Oct. 


••""flMBBMW 


296 


AMBROSIACBAB. 


[VOI,.  III. 


3.  GAERTNERIA  Med.  Act.  Pal.  3:  244.  1785. 
[Franshria  Cav.  Icon,  a:  78.  pi.  200.  1793.] 
Hispid  or  tomentose  branching  herbs,  with  the  aspect  of  Ambrosias,  sometimes  woody  at 
the  base,  with  mostly  alternate  lobed  or  divided  leaves,  and  small  monoecious  greenish  heads 
of  discoid  flowers,  the  staminate  in  terminal  spikes  or  racemes,  the  pistillate  solitary  or  clus- 
tered in  the  upper  axils.  Involucre  of  the  pistillate  heads  ovoid  or  globose,  closed,  1-4- 
celled,  1-4-beaked,  armed  with  several  rows  of  spines  and  forming  a  bur  in  fruit;  corolla 
none  or  rudimentary;  style  deeply  bifid,  its  branches  exserted;  stamens  none;  achenesobo- 
void,  thick,  solitary  in  the  cells;  pappus  none.  Staminate  heads  sessile,  or  short-peduncled, 
their  involucres  broadly  hemispheric,  open,  s-ia-lobed;  receptacle  chaiTy;  corolla  regular,  the 
tube  short,  the  limb  5-lobed;  style  undivided;  anthers  scarcely  coherent;  mucronate-tipped. 
[In  honor  of  Joseph  Gaertner,  1732-1791,  German  botanist.] 

About  15  dpecies,  natives  of  America.    In  addition  to  the  following^,  some  8  othets  occur  in  the 
western  and  southwestern  United  States. 


Plant  hirsute;  annual;  spines  of  the  fruiting  involucre  long,  flat. 

leaves  densely  white-tomentose  beneath;  spines  short,  conic;  perennials. 

Leaves  bipinnatifid. 

lieaves  pinnately  divided,  the  terminal  segment  large. 


1.  G.  acanlhicarpa, 

2.  G.  discolor. 

3.  G.  tomenlosa. 


z.  Gaertneria  acanthic§irpa  (Hook.) 

Britton.     Hooker's  Gaertneria. 

(Fig-  3595-) 

Ambrosia  acanlhicarpa  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.  Am.  i: 

.^09.      1833. 
Franseria  Hookeriana  Nutt.  Trans.  Am.  Phil. 

800.(11)7:345.      1841. 
Gaertneria  acanlhicarpa  Britton,  Mem.  Terr. 

Club,  5:  332.      1894. 

Annual,  erect  or  diffuse,  paniculately 
branched,  i°-2°  high;  stem  hirsute  or  hispid, 
l/ower  and  basal  leaves  slender-petioled,  bi- 
pinnatifid, 3^-4'  long,  the  upper  short-petioled 
or  sessile,  ouce  pinnatifid,  or  merely  lobed; 
racemes  of  sterile  heads  usually  numerous, 
\'-}/  long;  fruiting  involucres  clustered  in 
the  axils,  j/'-\"  long,  commonly  i-flowered, 
armed  with  numerous  long  ilatstraight  spines. 

In  moist  soil.  Northwest  Territory  to  western 
Nebraska  and  Texas,  west  to  British  Columbia 
and  California.    July-Sept. 


a.  Gaertneria  discolor  (Nutt.)  Kuntze. 

White-leaved  Gaertneria. 

(Fig-  3596.) 


Franseria  discolor  Nutt.  Trans.   Am.  Phil.  Soc. 
(11)7:345.      1841. 

Gaerlneria  rfwo/or  Kuntze,  Rev. Gen.  PI.  339.    1891. 

Erect  or  ascending  from  perennial  rootstocks, 
branched,  about  1°  high.  Leaves  nearly  all  bi- 
pinnatifid, petioled,  densely  white-tomentose 
beneath,  g^een  and  pubescent  or  glabrate  above, 
i'-f/  long;  sterile  racemes  narrow,  commonly 
solitary,  I'-s'long;  fruiting  involucres  clustered 
in  the  axils,  finely  canescent,  about  2"  long, 
mostly  3-flowered,  armed  with  short  sharp  conic 
spines. 

In  dry  soil,  Nebraska  to  Wyoming,  Colorado 
and  New  Mexico.     Aug. -Sept. 


Vol..  III.] 


RAGWEED  FAMILY. 


297 


Woolly  Gaertneria. 


3.  Gaertneria  tomentdsa  (A.  Gray)  Kuntze. 
(Fig.  3597-) 

Franseria  tomentosa  k.  Gray,  Mem.  Am.  Acad. 

4:  80.     1849. 

Gaertneria  tomentosa  Kuntze,  Rev.  Gen.  PI.  3^ 
1891. 

Erect  from  a  deep  perennial  root,  usually 
branched  at  the  base,  i°-3°  high.  L,eave8  pin- 
nately  lobed  or  divided,  finely  and  densely  to- 
mentose  on  both  sides,  or  ashy  above,  the  ter- 
minal segment  lanceolate  or  oblong-lanceolate, 
acuminate,  serrulate  or  entire,  very  much  larg^er 
than  the  2-6  rather  distant  narrow  lateral  ones; 
sterile  racemes  solitary,  2'-4'  long;  fruiting  in- 
volucres solitary,  or  2-3  together  in  the  upper 
axils,  ovoid,  finely  canescent  or  glabrate,  2- 
flowered,  about  i"  long,  armed  with  subulate- 
conic,  very  acute,  sometimes  curved  spines. 

On  rich  prairies  and  alongf  rivers,  western  Ne- 
braska, Kansas  and  Colorado.     Aug.-Sept. 


4.   XANTHIUM  L.  Sp.  PI.  987.     1753. 

Monoecious  annual  branching  coarse  rough  or  spiny  herbs,  with  alternate  lobed  or  den- 
tate leaves,  and  rather  small  heads  of  greenish  discoid  flowers,  the  staminate  ones  capitate- 
clustered  at  the  ends  of  the  branches,  the  pistillate  axillary.  Staminate  heads  with  a  short 
involucre  of  i  to  3  series  of  distinct  bracts;  receptacle  cylindric,  chaffy;  corollas  tubular,  5- 
toothed;  anthers  not  coherent,  mucronate  at  the  apex;  filaments  monadelphous;  style  slen- 
der, undivided.  Pistillate  heads  of  an  ovoid  or  oblong,  closed  involucre,  covered  with  hooked 
spines,  1-2-beaked,  a-celled,  each  cavity  containing  one  obovoid  or  oblong  achene;  corolla 
none;  pappus  none;  style  2-cleft,  its  branches  exserted.  [Greek,  yellow,  from  its  yielding 
a  yellow  hair-dye.] 

About  s  species  (more  according  to  some  authors),  of  wide  greographic  distribution. 

Leaves  lanceolate,  not  cordate;  axils  be<iring  3-divided  spines.  i.  A',  spinosum. 

Leaves  orbicular  or  broadly  ovate,  cordate,  or  truncate;  axils  not  spiny. 

Bur6"-9"  long,  usually  nearly  glabrous;  beaks  nearly  straight;  introduced.   3.  X.  slrumarium. 

I3ur9"-i2"  long,  hispid-pubescent;  beaks  hooked  or  incurved;  native.         3.  X.  Canadense. 

I.  Xanthium  spindsum  L.     Spiny 

or  Thorny  Clotbur,   Clotweed 

or  Burweed.      (Fig.  3598.) 

Xanthium  spinosum  L.  Sp.  PI.  987.      1753. 

Stem  pubescent  or  puberulent,  much 
branched,  ascending  or  erect,  i°-3°  high. 
Leaves  lanceolate  or  ovate-lanceolale,  acute 
or  acuminate,  lobed,  or  the  upper  entire, 
narrowed  at  the  base,  short-petioled,  white- 
canescent  beneath  and  on  the  whitish  veins 
of  the  upper  surface,  2'-^'  long;  axils  each 
with  a  short-stalked  3-pronged  yellow  spine 
neatly  i'  long;  ripe  fertile  involucre  (bur) 
oblong-cylindric,  4"-6"  long,  about  2"  in 
diameter,  pubescent,  armed  with  short 
subulate  rather  inconspicuous  beaks,  and 
numerous  glabrous  spines  about  i"  long. 

In  waste  grounds,  Ontario  to  Florida,  west  to 
Illinois,  West  Virginia,  Missouri  and  Texas. 
Widely  distributed  as  a  weed  in  western  and 
tropiral  America.  Naturalized  from  Burope 
or  Asia.     Aug, -Nov. 


AMBROSIACEAE. 


[Vol..  III. 


a.    Xanthium    strutnilrium    I^. 

Broad  Cocklebur  or  Burweed. 

(Fig.  3599.) 

Xanthium  strumarium  L.  Sp.  PI.  987.      1753. 

Rough,  i°-6%°  high.  Leaves  slender- 
petioled,  broadly  ovate  to  orbicular,  3-ribbed 
and  cordate  or  cordate-reniform  at  the  base, 
the  lower  often  10^  wide,  the  margins  den- 
tate, or  more  or  less  3-5-lobed,  both  surfaces 
roughish  and  green;  bur  oblong,  glabrous  or 
puberulent,  6"-9"  long,  about  3"  in  diame- 
ter, its  3  sharp  conical-subulate  2  tcx>thed 
beaks  straight  or  nearly  so,  equalling  or 
slightly  longer  than  the  numerous,  nearly 
glabrous  or  pubescent  spines. 

In  waste  places,  New  Bng^land  and  New  York 
to  Nebraska,  south  to  Florida  and  Mexico. 
Naturalized  from  Europe  or  Asia.  Called  also 
Ditch-,  Sheep-  or  Clot-bur,  Button  Bur,  Small  or 
I^esser  Burdock,  Sea  Burdock  and  Bur-thistle. 
Aug. -Oct. 


103.        1763. 


3.   Xanthium  Canad^nse  Mill. 

American  Cocklebur.     Sea  Burdock. 

Hedgehog  Burweed.    (Fig.  3600.) 

X.  CanadensetlliW.GarA.  Diet.  Ed.  8,  No. 2.  1768. 
Xanthium  echinatum  Murr.  Comm.  Goett.  6: 

32.    pl.  4-     1783- 

Similar  to  the  preceding  species,  usually 
stouter,  the  branches  ae:  sending  or  diffuse. 
Leaves  similar  and  roughish  and  commonly 
thicker;  stem  often  brown-spotted;  bur  ob- 
long, usually  densely  hispid,  9"-!  2"  long, 
Y'-(>"  in  diameter,  the  two  stout  beaks 
hooked  or  incurved  at  the  apex,  longer  than 
or  equalling  the  more  or  less  hispid  stout  or 
slender  hooked  spines. 

Along  rivers  and  sea-beaches  and  in  waste 
places,  Nova  Scotia  to  North  Carolina,  west  to 
the  Northwest  Territorjr,  Nevada,  Texas  and 
Mexico.  Not  common  in  the  interior  region 
east  of  the  Mississippi.    Aug. -Oct. 

Family  43.     COBfPOSITAE  Adans.  Fam. 

Thistle  Famii:,y. 

Herbs,  rarely  shrubs  (some  tropical  forms  trees),  with  watery  or  resinous 
(rarely  milky)  sap,  and  opposite  alternate  or  basal  exstipulate  leaves.  Flowers 
perfect,  pistillate,  or  neutral,  or  sometimes  monoecious  or  dioecious,  borne  on  a 
common  receptacle,  forming  heads,subtended  by  an  involucre  of  few  to  many  bracts 
arranged  in  one  or  more  series.  Receptacle  naked,  or  with  chaffy  scales  subtend- 
ing the  flowers,  smooth,  or  variously  pitted  or  honeycombed.  Calyx-tube  com- 
pletely adnate  to  the  ovary,  the  limb  (pappus)  of  bristles,  awns,  te<  th,  scales, 
or  crown-like,  or  cup-like,  or  wanting.  Corolla  tubular,  usually  5-lobed  or  5-cleft, 
the  lobes  valvate,  or  that  of  the  marginal  flowers  of  the  head  expanded  into  a 
ligule  (ray);  when  the  ray- flowers  are  absent  the  head  is  said  to  be  discoid; 
when  present,  radiate;  the  tubular  flowers  form  the  disk.  Stamens  usually  5, 
borce  on  the  corolla  and  alternate  with  its  lobes,  their  anthers  united  into  a  tube 
(syngenesious),  often  appendaged  at  the  apex,  sometimes  sagittate  or  tailed  at 
the  base;  pollen-grains  globose,  often  rough  or  prickly.  Ovary  i -celled;  ovule 
I,  anatropous;  style  of  fertile  flowers  2-cleft,  its  branches  variously  appendaged, 
or  unappcndaged;  stigmas  marginal;  style  of  sterile  flowers  commonly  undivided. 
Fruit  an  achene.  Seed  erect ;  endosperm  none ;  embryo  straight ;  hy pocoty  1  inferior. 

About  760  genera  and  not  less  than  10,000  species,  of  wide  geographic  distribution.  The  family 
is  also  known  as  Carduaceae,  Aggregatae,  and  by  the  English  name  of  Asterworls.  In  Kuhnia, 
the  anthers  are  distinct,  or  nearly  so. 


Vol..  III.] 


THISTLE  FAMILY. 


299 


^  Antheri  not  tailed  at  the  baae ;  (tigmatic  line*  of  the  atyle-branchea  only  at  the  bate,  or  not  extending 

beyond  the  middle ;  flowers  all  tubular  and  perfeC ,  never  yellow ;  raya  none. 
Style-branches  filiform  or  subulate,  hispidulous;  receptacle  naked.  Tribe  1.  Vernonikar. 

Style-branches  thickened  upward,  obtuse,  papillose.  Tribe  a.  Bupatorieab. 

^  -H-  Anthers  tailed  at  the  baae,  unappendagsd  at  the  tip;  heada  small;  raya  none  (except  in  Inula 

where  they  are  larse,  yellow).  Tribe  4.  INULKAB. 

'H'  'M'  -X-  Anthers  not  tailed  at  the  baae ;  stigmatie  lines  of  the  atyle-branrhea  in  the  perfect  flowera 
extending  to  the  summit ;  flowers  tubular  only,  or  tubular  and  radiate,  often  yellow. 
I.  Receptacle  naked  (see  also  Nos.  79,  80,  81  and  83  of  Tribe  7.) 
a.  Bracts  of  the  involucre  usually  well  imbricated. 
Style-branches  of  the  perfect  flowers  flattened,  with  terminal  appendages.  Tribe  3.  Astereae. 
Style-branches  truncate,  or  with  hairy  tips.  Tribe  6.  Hblenieae. 

b.  Bracts  little  imbricated,  or  not  at  all;  pappus  of  soft  bristles.  Tribe  8.  Sbnecionbab. 
2.  Receptacle  chaffy  (except  in  Nos.  79,  80,  81  and  8a). 
Bracts  of  the  involucre  herbaceous  or  foliaceous;  not  scarious.  Tribe  5.  Hbliantiieab. 

Bracts  of  the  involucre  dry,  scarious.  Tribe  7.  Anthsmideae. 

'J<-  #  -X-  4('  Anthers  long-tailed  at  the  base,  with  elongated  appendagea  at  the  tip;  heads  large;  raya  none, 
(in  Centaurea  often  with  enlarged  marginal  flcwera) ;  bracts  imoricated.    Tribe  9.  Cvnareae. 

Tribe  I.    Vkrnonieae. 

Pappus  double,  the  inner  of  rough  capillary  bristles,  the  oute/  of  scales,  or  short  bristles;  heads 

not  glomerate.  i.  Vernonia. 

Pappus  a  single  series  of  bristles;  heads  glomerate,  subtended  by  sessile  bracts.  3.  EUphantopus. 

Tribe  2.     Eupatoribap. 

f;  Achenes  3-s-angled,  not  ribbc  \. 
Pappus  of  5  broad  obtuse  scales;  aquatic  herb  with  linear  whorled  leaves, 
Pappus  of  numerous  capillary  bristles. 

Involucre  of  more  than  4  bracts;  erect  herbs. 
Involucre  of  4  bracts;  twining  herbaceous  vines. 

X-  -X-  Achenea  8-io-ribbed,  or  B-io-atriate. 
I .  Bracts  of  the  involucre  in  several  series,  the  outer  successive 
Bracts  of  the  involucre  strongly  striate-nefved;  heads  panicled  orcormybed 
Pappus-bristless  rough  or  serrate;  involucral  bracts  numerous. 
Pappus-bristles  plumose;  involucral  bracts  few. 
Bracts  of  the  involucre  faintly  striate,  if  at  all;  heads  spiked  or  racemed. 

2.  Bracts  of  the  involucre  in  only  2  or  3  series;  all  nearly  equal 


3.  Sclerolepii. 

4.  Eiipatorium. 

5.  Willughbaeya. 

ly  shorter, 
in  our  species. 

6.  CoUosanlhus. 

7.  Kuhnia. 

8.  Lacinaria. 
.  9.   Trilisa. 


Tribe  3.     Asterkae. 
A.  Ray-flowers  yellow  (white  in  one  species  of  Solidago),  or  wanting;  plants  not  dioecious. 
fr  Pappua  of  scales,  or  awns,  or  wanting,  never  of  numeroua  capillary  bristles. 
Heads  small,  not  over  2"  high;  leaves  narrowly  linear,  entire.  , 

Perennial  herbs,  or  shrubs;  all  the  flowers  fertile,  10.  Gutierrezia. 

.\nnual  herb;  disk-flowers  sterile.  ii.  Amphiachyris. 

Heads  large,  showy;  leaves  oblong  to  lanceolate,  spinulose-dentate.  13.  Grindelia. 

■k  -:{-   Pappus  of  either  the  radiate  or  tubular  flowera,  or  both,  of  numerous  capillary  briatlea,  with  or 

without  an  outer  aeries  of  shorter  ones,  or  of  scales. 
t  Pappus,  at  least  of  the  disk-floivers,  double,  an  tuner  series  of  capillary  bristles,  and  an  outer 

one  0/ scales  or  short  bristles;  heads  large. 
.\chenes  of  the  ray-flowers  thick,  the  pappus  obsolete,  or  of  a  few  caducous  bristles;  achenes  of 

the  disk-flowers  flat.  13.  Helerotheca. 

Achenes  of  both  ray-flowers  and  disk-flowers  flattened.  14.  Chrysopsis. 

1 1  Pappus  wholly  0/ capillary  bristles. 
I .  Heads  wholly  of  disk-flowers  (in  our  species);  rays  none;  leaves  narrowly  linear. 

a.  Perennial  herbsi;  style-tips  not  exserted;  eastern.     15.  Chondrophora. 
b.  Shrubs;  style -tips  mostly  exserted;  western. 
Involucral  bracts  gradually  narrowed  to  the  tip,  keeled,  chartaceous.  16.  Chrysothamnus. 

Involucral  bracts  cuspidate,  flat,  herbaceous.  17.  Oonopsis. 

2.  Heads  with  both  ray-flowers  and  disk-flowers  (in  our  species), 
a.  None  of  the  leaves  cordate ;  pappus  mostly  as  long  as  the  achene,  or  longer. 
Leaves  bristly-serrate  or  pinnatifld. 

Achenes  glabrous;  pappus-bristles  deciduous.  18.  Prionopsis. 

.\chenes  white-tomentose;  pappus-bristles  persistent.  19.  Eriocarpum. 

Leaves  entire,  or  toothed,  not  bristly-serrate. 

Leaves  narrow,  coriaceous,  evergreen,  entire;  low  western  undershrubs.    90.  Stenolus. 
Annual  or  perennial  herbs;  leaves  not  evergreen. 

Pappus-bristles  unequal ;  heads  loosely  panicled;  annual.  31.  Isopappus. 

Pappus-bristles  equal;  heads  variously  clustered;  perennial  herbs. 

Receptacle  alveolate;  rays  mostly  not  more  numerous  than  the  disk-flowers. 

33.  Solidago. 
Receptacle  fimbrillate;  rays  more  numerous  than  the  disk-flowers;  heads  corymbose- 
paniculate.  33.  Eulhamta. 
b.  Lower  and  basal  leaves  cordate;  pappus-bristles  shorter  than  the  achene.   34.  Brachychaeta. 

B.  Ray-flowers  prasent,  not  yellow  in  any  of  our  species. 
jf  Pappus  a  me:       rown,  or  of  a  few  awns  or  bristles,  or  wanting,  never  of  numerous  capillary  brlatles. 

I.  Receptacle  conic. 
Outer  bracts  or     .e  involucre  shorter  than  the  inner;  achenes  prismatic.  35.  Abhanosiiphus. 

Bracts  of  the  involucre  all  about  equal;  acjene»  flattened.  36.  Bellis. 

2.  Receptacle  flat,  or  somewhat  convex. 
Achenes  of  the  disk-flowers  comprcrsed,  of  the  ray-flowers  3-angled;  perennial  herbs  witl.  large 
heads.  37.   Townsendiik. 


300 


COMPOSITAE. 


[Vol..  III. 


Achenes  fusiform,  terete;  annual  herbs  with  small  heads.  38.  Chaelopappa. 

Achenes  obovate,  flattened,  with  thickened  or  win((ed  marf(lns;  perennials.    39.  Bollonia. 
^  'M'   Pappus  of  numerous  capillary  bristles. 
I.  Pappus  a  single  series  of  capillary  bristles;  sometimes  with  an  outer  series  of  shorter  ones, 
a.  Bracts  of  the  involucre  in  a.to  many  series. 
Bracts  mostly  in  2-5  series;  teeth  or  lobes  of  the  leaves  not  bristle  tipped. 

Involucre  narrow,  its  bracts  firm;  rays  feV,  white.  30.  Sfricocarpus. 

Involucre  turbinate  to  hemispheric,  bracts  mostly  thin;  rays  usually  numerous,  white  to  purple. 
Disk-flowers  tumiug  red,  purple,  or  brown.  31.  Aster. 

Disk-flowers  permanently  white;  leaves  subulate  to  spatulate,  crowded,  rigid. 

3a.  Leucelene. 
Involucre  turbinate;  rays  not  exceeding  the  mature  ;pappus,  or  none.         33.  Brachyactis. 
Bracts  in  many  series  j  teeth  or  lobes  of  the  leaves  bristle-tipped  in  our  species.    34.  Machaeranthera. 

b.  Bracts  of  the  involucre  in  only  i  or  3  series,  very  narrow;  heads  mostly  long-peduncled. 
Rays  longer  than  the  diameter  of  the  di»k.  35.  Erigeron. 

Rays  not  longer  than  the  diameter  of  the  disk;  heads  very  small,  panicled.     36.  Lepiilon. 

2.  Pappus  distinctly  double,  the  inner  bristles  long,  the  outer  snorter. 
I^eaves  lanceolate,  ovate,  or  obovate;  rays  white.  37.  Doellingeria, 

I^eaves  narrowly  linear;  rays  violet.  38.  lanaclis. 

C.  Ray-floweis  none ;  dioecious  shruba ;  pappua  capillary.  39.  Baccharis. 

Tribe  4.     Inuleae. 

-if  Heads  small,  t^ys  none ;  flowers  white,  or  whitish. 

1 .  Receptacle  chaffy. 

Receptacle  convex ;  pappus  none.  40.  Filat;o. 

Receptacle  subulate;  pappus  of  the  inner  flowers  of  rough  capillary  bristles.  41.  Gifola. 

2.  Receptacle  naked. 

a.  Pappus,  at  least  that  of  pistillate  flowers,  of  capillary  bristles. 

Bractsof  theinvolucre  notscarious;  plants  pubescent  or  glabrous,  not  woolly.  42.  Pluchea. 
Bracts  of  the  involucre  scarious,  mostly  white  or  pink;  plants  woolly. 
Plants  dioecious,  or  polygamo-dioecious. 

Pappu.s- bristles  of  stamfnate  flowers  thickened  above.  43.  Antennaria. 

Pappus-bristles  not  thickened;  stem  leafy.  44.  Anaphalis. 

Plants  not  dioecious;  flowers  all  fertile.  45.  Gnaphalium. 

b.  Pappus  none;  leaves  broad,  alternate,  woolly  beneath.  46.  Adenocaulon. 

^  -K-  Heads  large;  ray-flowers  yellow.  47.  Inula. 

Tribe  5.     Heuantheae. 

A.  Diak-flowera  perfect,  but  ateiile. 
Achenes  thick,  short,  not  flattened;  pappus  none. 

Achenes  merely  subtended  by  the  inner  involucral  bracts. 
Achenes  embraced  and  enclosed  by  the  inner  involucral  bracts. 
Achenes  flattened. 

Ray-iiowers  in  3  or  3  series;  achenes  falling  away  free.  50.  Silphium. 

Ray-flowers  in  i  series;  achenes  adnate  to  2  or  3  scales  of  the  receptacle,  falling  away  with  them. 
Rays  large,  yellow. 

Leaves  opposite  and  basal. 
Leaves  alternate. 

Pappus  none,  or  of  3  caducous  awns. 
Pappus  a  persistent  irregularly  cleft  crown. 
Rays  small,  the  heads  appearing  discoid. 

B.  Diak-flowera  fertile. 
^  Ray-flowers  persistent  upon  the  achenes. 
Achenes  compressed,  or  3-angled;  leaves  entire. 
Achenes  short,  thick;  leaves  toothed. 

^  ifr  Ray-flowers  deciduous,  or  none.' 

t  Pappus  aatp,  or  crozvn,  or  of  a  few  teeth,  awns,  or  bristles. 

1.  Achenes,  at  least  those  of  disk-flowers,  not  compressed  (except  in  Ratibida  and  Verbesina); 

scales  of  the  receptacle  mostly  concave,  or  clasping. 
Scales  of  the  receptacle  small,  awn-like  or  bristles-like;  rays  white,  short. 
Scales  of  the  receptacle  bioad,  larger. 

Involucre  of  4  large  somewhat  united  bracts. 
Involucre  of  several  or  numerous  separate  bracts. 
Receptacle  conic,  or  columnar. 

Ray-flowers  fertile,  or  wanting;  leaves  opposite. 
Ray-flowers  sterile,  or  neutral;  leaves  mostly  opposite. 
Rays  yellow. 

Achenes  4-angled. 
Achenes  compressed,  winged. 
Rays  rose-purple. 
Receptacle  flat,  or  convex  (low-conic  in  species  of  Nos.  64  and  65.) 
Low  fleshy  sea-coast  shrubs. 
Tall  herbs,  not  fleshy. 

Achenes  not  much  flattened,  not  winged,  nor  margined. 
Achenes  of  disk-flowers  flattened  and  margined,  or  winged. 
2.  Achenes  very  flat;  scales  of  the  receptacle  flat,  or  but  slightly  concave, 
a.  Bracts  of  the  involucre  all  separate. 
Pappus  of  a  short  teeth  or  awns,  or  a  mere  border,  or  none.  66.  Coreopsis. 

Pappus  of  3-6  awns  or  teeth,  upwardly  or  downwardly  barbed  or  hispid.  67.  Bidens. 

b.  Inner  bracts  of  the  involucre  united  to  about  the  middle.   68.  Thelespemta. 
1 1  Pappus  of  numerous  scales. 
Leaves  opposite,  toothed;  ray-flowers  fertile;  rays  small.  69.  Galinsoga. 

Leaves  alternate,  entire. 


48.  Polymnia. 

49.  Melampodium. 


51.  Chrysogoniim. 


52. 
54- 


t 


.57- 
58. 


Berlandiera. 

Engelmannia 

Parthenium. 


Crassina. 
Heliopsis. 


Eclipta. 
Tetragonotheca. 


59.  Spilanthes. 


60.  Rudbeckia. 

61.  Ratibida. 

62.  Brauneria. 

63.  Borrichia. 

64.  Helianthus. 

65.  Verbesina. 


. 


Vol.  III. 


THISTLE  FAMILY. 


301 


Rays  large,  neutral;  receptacle  deeply  honeycombed. 
Rays  none;  scaleti  of  the  receptacle  narrow,  riffid. 


70.  Actinosf>ermum. 

71,  Marsholtia, 


73.  Psilostrophe. 


Bahia. 
Picradenia. 
HeltKium. 
Galltardia. 


Tribe  6.    Helenieak. 

A.  Ray-flowers  penlttrat  on  the  achenea,  falling  away  with  them,  papery. 
B.  Ray-floweis  deciduous,  or  wanting. 
'.':  Plants  not  dotted  with  oil-glands.  , 

a.  Pappus  none.  7^$.  Flaveria. 

b.  Pappus  present  (in  all  our  species),  of  separate  scales  or  bristles. 
1.  Bracts  of  the  involucre  petal-like,  colored,  their  marg^ins  and  apices  scarious. 
Leaves,  at  least  the  lower,  pinnately  parted,  or  pinnatifid;  rays  none;  corolla-lobes  of  disk-flowers 

ovate.  74.  Hymenopappus. 

Leaves  entire;  rays  present,  or  none;  corolla-lobes  of  disk-flowers  linear.       75.  Polypteris. 
2.  Bracts  of  the  involucre  herbaceous,  not  scarious-tipped,  nor  petal-like,  appressed,  or  spreading. 
Receptacle  naked. 

Bracts  of  the  involucre  appressed. 

Achenes  4-anKled,  linear  or  oblonK.  76. 

Achenes  5-10-ribbed  or  5-10  angled,  top-shaped.  77. 

Bracts  of  the  involucre  spreading,  or  reflexed  at  maturity.  78. 

Receptacle  with  bristle-like  chaff.  79. 

^  -X-   Plants  dotted  with  oil-glands,  especially  the  leaves  and  Involucre. 
Involucral  bracts  more  or  less  united;  style-branches  of  the  disk-flowers  elongated. 

Involucral  bracts  united  at  the  base.  80.  Dviodia. 

Invohicral  bracts  united  high  up  into  a  cup.  81.   Thymophylla. 

Involucral  bracts  separate;  style  branches  of  the  disk-flowers  very  short.        83.  Pedis. 

Tribe  7.     Anthemideae. 

^   Receptacle  chaffy. 
Achenes  flattened;  involucre  obovoid  to  campanulate;  heads  small. 
Achenes  terete;  involucre  hemispheric;  hepfli'arge. 

-X-  *   Receptacle  no* '■^afl'y,  na!(e>i,  ■:.!•  aoni'-'.>    -1*../ 
I.  Ray-flowers  usually  present,  sometimes  wanting;  rays  large 
Receptacle  flat  to  hemispheric;  bracis  of  the  involucre  in  several  series.  8; 

Receptacle  conic  to  ovoid;  bracts  in  few  series;  rays  white  or  none. 

2.  Ray  flowers  none ;  heads  small. 
Heads  corymbed;  pappus  a  short  crown :  flowers  yellow.  87. 

Heads  rav.'emose,  spicave  or  panicltd;  pai.;-» ^^.  88. 

Tribe  8.     Senecioneae. 

Leaves  all  basal;  hea^is  .•':i  -c.pes. 
Head  solitary;  flowers  yellow. 
Heads  corymbed ;  flowers  white  or  purple. 
Leaves  opposite ;  rays  yellow. 
Leaves  alternate. 

Flowers  white,  whitish  or  pinkish;  rays  none. 

Marginal  flowers  pisiiliaie;  ui^vli  ir-'v,  ..i'  pLiioct. 
Flowers  all  perfect. 

Involucre  of  about  s  bracts;  sap  milky. 
Involucre  of  about  13  bracts  and  several  smaller  outer  ones. 
Flowers  yellow;  ray-flowers  mostly  present. 


83. 


11: 


Achillea. 
Anthemis. 


Chrysanthemum. 
Matricaria. 

Tanacetum. 
Artemisia. 


89.  Tussilago. 

90.  Petasites. 

91.  Arnica. 


93.  Erechtiles. 

93.  Mesadenia. 

94.  Hynosma, 

95.  Senecio. 


Tribe  9.     Cynareae. 

^  Achenes  inserted  on  the  receptacle  by  their  bases,  not  oblique. 
Recejjtacle  densely  bristly.  ' 

Filaments  separate. 

Involucral  bracts  hooked  at  the  tip;  leaves  not  bristly.  96.  Arctium. 

Involucral  bracts  not  hooked;  leaves  bristly.  97.  Carduus. 

Filaments  united  below.  98.  Mariana. 

Receptacle  fleshy,  not  bristly.  99.  Onopordon. 

¥:  ^  Achenes  obliquely  inserted  on  the  receptacle. 

Heads  not  subtended  by  bristl}r  leaves;  involucral  bracts  often  bristly.  100.  Centaurea, 

Heads  sessile,  subtended  by  bristly  leaves.  loi.  Cnicus. 

I.   VERNONIA  Schreb.  Gen.  PI.  2:  541.      1791. 

Erect  branching  perennial  faerbs,  or  some  tropical  species  shrubby,  with  alternate  (very 
rarely  opposite),  in  our  species  sessile  leaves,  and  discoid  cymose-paniculate  heads  of  purple 
pink  or  white  tubular  flowers.  Involucre  hemispheric,  campanulate  or  oblong-cylindric,  its 
bracts  imbricated  in  several  or  many  series.  Receptacle  flat,  naked.  Corolla  regular,  5-cleft. 
Anthers  sagittate  at  the  base,  not  caudate.  Style-branches  subulate,  bispidulous  their  whole 
length.  Achenes  &-io-ribbed,  truncate.  Pappus  of  our  species  in  2  aeries,  the  inner  of  nu- 
merous roughened  capillary  bristles,  the  outer  of  much  shorter  small  scales  or  stout  bristles. 
[Named  after  William  Vernon,  English  botanist.] 

About  475  itpecies,  of  wide  distribution  in  warm-temperate  regions,  most  abundant  in  South 
America.     Besides  the  following,  a  others  occur  in  the  southern  and  southwestern  United  States. 
Bracts  of  the  hemispheric  involucre,  or  some  of  them,  with  subulate  or  filiform  tips. 

Involucre  3"-s"  broad,  its  bracts  shorter  than  the  head.  i.   K  Noveboracensis. 

Involucre  9"-ia"  broad,  its  bracts  as  long  as  the  head.  a.   K  crinila. 

Bracts  ot  the  involucre  merely  acute,  obtuse,  or  truncate. 

Leaves  lanceolate  to  oval,  pinnately  veined. 

Bracts  of  the  involucre  with  squarrose  reflexed  tips.  3.   V.  Baldwinii. 


308 


COMPOSITAE. 


[Vol..  III. 


Bracts  of  the  involucre  wholly  appressed. 

Leaves  glabrous  or  very  nearly  so  on  both  surfaces. 

Leaves  thin,  pale  beneath,  the  lower  oval,  coarsely  serrate. 
I/:aves  thin,  green  beneath,  lanceolate,  finely  serrate. 
Leaves  thick,  narrowly  lanceolate,  finely  serrate. 


Leaves 


Leaves  densely  tomentose-pubescent  beneath,  lanceolate, 
narrowly  linear,  i-nerved,  a  '-3"  wide,  dentate. 


V.  glauea. 
f^-  giganlea. 
y./asciculala. 
y.  Drtimmondii. 
y.  marginala. 


I.   Vernonia  Noveborac6nsis  (L.) 

Willd.      New  York  Iron-weed.     Flat 

Top.     (Fig.  3601.) 

Serralula  Noveborarensis  L.  Sp.  PI.  818.  17S3. 
y.  Noveboracensis  WiUd.  Sp.  PI.  3:  i6,?a.  1804. 
C.  Noveboracensis  Kuntze,  Rev.  Gen.  PI.  323.  1891. 
Koughish  pubescent  or  glabrate,  i°-^°  high. 
Leaves  lanceolate  or  narrowly  oblong,  serrulate, 
3'-io'  long,  5"-ia"  wide,  acuminate  or  acute 
at  the  apex;  heads  peduncled;  involucre  hemis- 
pheric, 20-30- flowered, 4"-5"  in  diameter;  bracts 
brownish-purple.ovate  or  ovate-lancsolate, tipped 
with  subulate  spreading  awns  usually  of  twice  or 
three  times  their  own  length.or  some  of  the  lower 
linear  subulate,  the  upper  sometimes  merely 
acute:  flowers  deep  purple,  rarely  white;  achenes 
hispidulous  on  the  ribs. 

In  moist  soil,  Massachusetts  to  Minnesota,  south 
to  Georgia  and  Missouri.    July-Sept. 
Vernonia  Noveboracinsis  tomentdsa  (Walt.)  Britton, 

Mem.  Torr.  Club,  5:  311.      1894. 
Chrysocoma  tomenlosa  Walt.  Fl.  Car.  196.      1788. 
Leaves  densely  puberulent  beneath,  broader;  involucre  purple,  some  scales  sometimes  merely 
acute.    In  dry  soil,  Virginia  to  North  Carolina. 

3.   Vernonia  crinita  Raf.     Great 
Iron-weed.     (Fig.  3602.) 

y.  crinita  Raf.  New  Flora  N.  A.  4:  77.     1836. 

yernonia  Arkansana  DC.  Prodr.  7:  264.  1838. 
C.  Arkansana  Kuntze,  Rev.  Gen.  PI.  969.  1891. 
Stout,  glabrate  or  finely  rough-pubescent, 
8°-i2'*  high.  Leaves  narrowly  lanceolate, 
finely  denticulate,  acuminate,  4'-i2'  long,  3"- 
12"  wide;  heads  stout-peduncled,  the  pedun- 
cles thickened  above;  involucre  hemispheric, 
9"-i2'''  broad,  50-70-flowered ;  bracts  green, 
or  the  upper  reddish,  very  squarrose,all  filiform- 
subulate  from  a  broader  base  and  equalling  the 
head,  the  inner  ones  somewhat  wider  below; 
achenes  hispidulous  on  the  ribs. 

On   prairies  and  along  streams,  Missouri  to 
Texas.      Aug.-Oct. 


3.   Vernonia  Baldwinii  Torr.     Bald- 
win's Iron-weed.     (Fig.  3603.) 

y.  lialdwiniiTon.  Ann.  Lye  N.  Y.  2:  an.    1827. 
Cacalia  Baldwtnii  Kuntze,  Rev.  Gen.  PI.  969- 
1891. 

Stout,  2°-5%°  high,  finely  and  densely  to- 
nientose-pubescent.  Leaves  lanceolate  or  ob- 
long-lanceolate, acuminate  or  acute  at  the 
apex,  sharply  serrate,  4'-8'  long,  %'-2'  wide, 
scabrate  above,  densely  tomentulose  beneath; 
heads  stout-peduncled,  15-30-flowered;  invo- 
lucre hemispheric,  3"-4"  broad;  bracts  ovate, 
the  acute  tips  recurved  or  spreading. 

In  dry  soil,  Missouri  and  Nebraska  to  Texas. 
July-Sept. 


Genus  i.] 


THISTLE  FAMILY. 


303 


4.   Vernonia  gUuca  (L.)  Britton. 

Broad-leaved  Iron-weed. 

(Fig.  3604.) 

Serralula  glauca  L.  Sp.  PI.  818.      1753. 
Vernonia  Noveboraeensis  var.  lalt/olia  A. 

Gray,  Syn.  PI.  i:  Part  3,  Sq.      1884. 
yernonia  glauca  Britton,  Mem.  Torr.  Club, 

5:  311.      1894. 

Slender,  glabrous  or  finely  puberulent, 
a°-5°  high.  Leaves  thin,  the  lower  broadly 
oval  or  slightly  obovate,  sharply  serrate, 
acute  or  acuminate,  4'-?'  long,  \'-i'A' 
wide,  the  upper  narrower  and  more  Anely 
toothed;  inflorescence  loosely  branched; 
heads  slender- peduncled,  io-20-flowered; 
involucre  campanulate,  2"-^^"  broad; 
bracts  ovate,  acute,  or  mucronate,  or  the 
upper  ones  obtuse,  all  appressed;  achenes 
minutely  hispidulous. 

In  woods,  Pennsylvania  and  Maryland  to 
Ohio,  south  to  Florida  and  Louisiana.  Aug.- 
Sept. 


Texas. 


6.   Vernonia  fasciculiita  Michx. 
Western  Iron-weed.    (Fig.  3606.) 

Vernonia  fascicutata  Michx.  PI.  Bor.  Am. 

a:  94.     1803. 
Cacalia  /asciculala  Kuntze,  Rev.  Gen.  PI. 

970.      1891. 

Glabrous,  or  puberulent  above,  z^-fiP 
high.  Leaves  firm,  lanceolate  or  linear- 
lanceolate,  long-acuminate,  3'-6'  long,  a" 
-15''  wide,  glabrous  or  nearly  so  on  both 
surfaces;  inflorescence  usually  compact; 
heads  short-peduncled,or  some  of  them  ses- 
sile; involucre  campanulate,  2"-^"  broad, 
20-30-80 wered;  bracts  all  appressed,  ovate 
or  oval,  acute,  ciliate,  or  sometimes  pubes- 
cent; achenes  glabrous,  or  a  little  pubes- 
cent. 

In  moist  soil  or  on  prairies,  Ohio  to  Minne- 
sota and  Dakota,  south  to  Kentucky  and 
Texas.     July-Sept. 


5.  Vernonia  gigantda  (Walt.) 

Britton.     Tall  Iron-weed. 

(Fig.  3605.) 

Chrysocoma  jrifranlea  Walt. Fl. Car.  196.  1788. 
Vernonia  allisstma  Nult.  Gen.  a:  134.  1818. 
Cacalia  giganlea  Kuntze,  Rev.  Gen.  PI.  324. 

1891. 
Vernonia  giganlea  Britton;  Kearney,  Bull. 

Torr.  Club,  ao;  485.      1893. 

Glabrous  or  nearly  so,  s'-io"  high. 
Leaves  thin, lanceolate, sometimes  broadly 
so,  usually  long-acuminate,  finely  serrate, 
4'-i2'  long,  yi'-i  yi'  wide,  usually  glabrous 
on  both  surfaces;  inflorescence  at  length 
loosely  branched  and  open;  heads  short- 
peduncled  or  some  of  them  sessile;  invo- 
lucre campanulate  or  turbinate,  2"-^" 
broad,  15-30- flowered;  bracts  obtuse  or 
mucronate,  more  or  less  ciliate,  appressed; 
achenes  slightly  hispidulous. 

In  mpiHt  soil,  Pennsylvania  to  Florida, 
west  to  Illinois,  Kentucky  and  Louisiana. 
July-Sept. 


304  COMPOSITAB.  [Voi„  111. 

7.   Vernonia  Druinm6ndii  Sbuttlw.     Drumtnond's  Iron-weed.    (Fig.  3607.) 

yemonia  allissima  var.  grandiflora  A. 
Gray,  Syn.  PI.  i:  Part  a,  90.  1884.  Not 
y.  grand ijlora  lx»».      i8jt. 

I'ernonia  Drummondii  Sliuttlw  ;  Wer- 
ner, Jnurn.  Cine.  80c.  Nat.  Hilt.  16: 
171.      1894. 

Stout,  densely  tonientoseij"-?"  high. 
Leaves  lanceolate  to  narrowly  obk  ng, 
acuminate,  finely  serrate,  3'  o'  long, 
yi'-i^'  wide,  scabrous  above,  densely 
pubescent  beneath;  inflorescence  usu- 
ally compart;  heads  short-peduncled; 
involucre  hemispheric  or  short-cylin- 
dric,  a"-6"  in  diameter,  i5-5o-flow- 
ered;  bracts  purplish,  appressed,  ovate, 
acute,  or  mucronate,  more  or  less  floc- 
cose- pubescent  or  ciliate;  achenes  gla- 
brous or  a  little  pubescent. 

Prairies.  Illinois  and  Kentucky  to  Mis- 
souri and  Texas,     Autumn. 


8.  Vernonia  margindta  (Torr.) 

Britton.    James'  Iron-weed. 

(Fig.  3608.) 

yernonia  allissima  var.  marginataton.  Ann. 

Lye.  N.  Y.  a:  aio.      1817. 
yernoHiaJamesit  T.  &  O.  Fl.  N.  A.  a:  58.   1841. 
Cacalia  marginala  Kuntze,  Rev.  Gen,  PI.  968. 

1891. 
yernonia  marginala  Britton,  Mem.Torr.Club, 

5;  311.      1894- 

Glabrous  or  very  nearly  so,  i°-3°  high. 
Leaves  linear  or  linear-lanceolate,  minutely 
denticulate,  i-nerved,  firm,  punctate,  a'-s' 
long,  \%"-'s"  wide,  acuminate;  inflores- 
cence rather  loose ;  beads  slender-peduncled ; 
involucre  campanulate  or  turbinate,  15-30- 
flowered,  ^"-d"  broad;  bracts  ovate  or  oval, 
acute,  mucronate  or  obtusish,  purplish,some- 
what  pubescent,  appressed;  achenes  nearly 
glabrous,  or  somewhat  pubescent. 

Praiites,  Nebraska  to  Texas  and  New  Mex- 
ico.    Autuinn. 


a.   ELEPHANTOPUS  L.  Sp.  PI.  814.     1753. 

Perennial  rigid  pubescent  herbs,  with  alternate  or  basal,  simple  pinnately-veined  leaves, 
and  in  our  species  glomerate  bracted  heads  of  blue  or  purple  flowers  in  branching  corymbs. 
Heads  discoid,  a-s-flowered.  Involucre  compressed,  oblong,  its  chaffy  bracts  imbricated  in 
about  3  series,  the  4  outer  bracts  shorter.  Bractsof  the  glocierules  large,  foliareous.  Recep- 
tacle small,  naked.  Corolla  nearly  regular,  s-lobed,  but  a  little  deeper  cleft  on  the  inner 
side.  Achenes  lo-ribbed,  truncate.  Pappus  of  rigid  persistent  awn-like  scales  or  bristles  in 
I  or  a  rows.     [GreeL,  ivory,  or  Elephant's-foot.] 

About  14  species,  natives  of  tropical  or  warm  regions.  Only  the  following  are  known  to  occur 
^n  the  United  SUtes. 


Stem  and  branches  usually  I'^aiy 

Stem  scapiform,  naked,    r  with  1  or  a  leaves. 

Leaves  oblong  or  obtanceolate,  9"-a'  wide;  heads  a"  long. 

I,t.aves  ovate,  oval,  or  obovate,  a' -4'  wic  t\  heads  6    long. 


I.  E.  Carolinianus. 

a.  E.  nudatui. 
3.  E.  lomenlosus 


Gkni's  a.] 


THISTLE  FAMILY, 


:o  occur 


I.   Elephantopus  CaroliniAnus 

Willd.     Carolina  Elephaul's-foot. 

(Fig.  3609.) 

Elfl>hanlopus    Carolinianus   Wllld,   Sp. 
I'l.  3:  J.v/j,      1804. 

Hrect,  hiraute-pubescent,  or  glabratc 
above,  branched  above,  i°-3°  bigh. 
Leaves  oval,  ovale,  or  obovate,  thin,  the 
lower  rather  abruptly  narrowed  into 
margined  petioles,  obtuse,  crenate-den- 
tate,  3'-8'  long,  2'-4'  wide,  the  upper 
smaller,  narrower  and  sessile;  glom- 
erules,  including  the  bracts,  nearly  i' 
broad;  scales  of  the  pappus  lanceolate- 
subulate,  gradually  narrowed  into  a  long 
slender  awn. 

In  dry  woodH,  southern  New  Jersey  and 
PciinHylvania  to  Florida,  west  to  Kansas 
and  Texas.    Aug.-Sept. 


3.   Elephantopus  tomentdsus 

L.     Woolly  Elephant's-foot. 

Tobacco-weed.     (Fig.  361 1.) 

Elephantopus  lomenlosus  1,.  Sp.  PI.  814. 

1753- 

Erect,  villous-pubescent,  or  some- 
times glabrate,  i°-3°  high,  the  stem 
branching  above,  leafless  or  with  i  or  3 
leaves.  Basal  leavesovate,  oval,  oblong, 
or  obovate,  obtuse,  sessile,  narrowed  at 
the  base,  usually  silky-pubescent  be- 
neath, crenate- dentate,  4'-9'  long,  2'-^ 
wide;  glomerules  i'-i>j''  broad;  heads 
about  ()"  long;  scales  of  the  pappus  tri- 
angular-subulate, gradually  narrowed 
into  the  awn. 

In  moist  soil,  Virgrinia  to  Florida,  west 
to  Kentucky,  Arkansas  and  Louisiana. 
Called  also  Devil's  Grandmother.  Aug.- 
Sept. 


a.   Elephantopus  nudittus  A. 

Gray.    Smoothish  Elephant's-foot. 

(Fig.  3610.) 

Elephantopus  nudalus  A.  Gray,  Proc.  Am. 
Acad.  15:  47.      1880. 

Erect,  rather  stout,  appressed-pubes- 
cent,  or  glabrate,  i°-3°  high.  Leaves  ob- 
long or  oblanceolate,  obtuse  at  the  apex, 
gradually  narrowed  at  the  base,  crenate  or 
repand,  a'-io'  long,  9"-2'  wide,  the  basal 
ones  usually  much  larger  than  those  of 
the  stem  and  branches,  or  these  usually 
few  and  bract-like;  glomerules  6"-9" 
broad;  heads  about  4''  long;  scales  of  the 
pappus  ovate-triangular,  abruptly  nar- 
rowed into  the  awn. 

In  sand;  croods,  Delaware  to  Florida,  west 
to  Arkansas  and  Louisiana.    Aug.-Sept. 


3o6 


COMPOSITAE. 


[Voi„  III. 


3.   SCLEROLEPIS  Cass.  Bull.  Soc.  Philom.  1816:  198.      1816. 

Slender  aquatic  herbs,  with  linear  entire  verticillate  leaves,  and  solitary  (rarely  2-4)  dis- 
coid peduncled  terminal  heads  of  small  purplish  flowers.  Involucre  broadly  campanulate  or 
h«  mispheric.  Bracts  imbricated  in  about'z  series.  Receptacle  conic,  naked.  Corolla  regu- 
lar, its  tube  short,  its  limb  campanulate,  s-lobed.  Anthers  obtuse  at  the  base.  Style- 
branches  slender,  obtuse.  Pappus  of  5  broad  cartilaginous  obtuse  scales.  Achenes  5-angled. 
[Greek,  hard  scale,  referring  to  the  pappus.] 

A  monotypic  treuus  of  eastern  North  America. 


I.   Sclerolepis  unifldra  (Walt.)  Pcrler. 
Sclerolepis.     (Fig.  3612.) 

AEIhulia  untflora  Walt.  Fl.  Car.  195.      J788. 
Sparganophorus  verticillalus  Michx.  Fl.  Bor.  Am.  a: 

98.      1803. 
Sclerolepis  verticillala  Cass.  Diet.  48;  155.      1827. 
Sclerolepis  unijtora  Porter,  Mem.  Torr.  Club,  $:  311. 

1894. 

Perennial;  stem  simple,  decumbent  at  the  base, 
erect  or  ascending,  glabrous  or  slightly  pubescent, 
i°-2°  long,  leafy.  Leaves  sessile,  verticillate  in 
4'3-6's,  linear,  i-nerved,  4"-! 2"  long,  }^"-i" 
wide,  or  the  submerged  ones  iiliform;  head  about 
5''  broad;  bracts  of  the  involucre  linear-oblong, 
acutisb,  usually  puberulent. 

In  shallow  ponds  and  streams,  pine-barrens  of  New 
Jersey  to  Florida.    July-Sept. 


4.  EUPATORIUM  L.  Sp.  PI.  836.  1753. 
Erect,  mostly  branching,  perennia'  herbs,  with  opposite  or  verticillate,  or  sometimes 
alternate,  often  punctate  leaves,  and  in  our  species  cymose-pauiculate  discoid  heads  of 
-white  blue  or  purple  flowers.  Involucre  oblong,  ovoid,  campanulate,  or  hemispheric,  the 
bracts  imbricated  in  2-several  series.  Receptacle  flat,  convex,  or  conic,  naked.  Corolla  reg- 
ular, its  tube  slender,  its  limb  5-lobed  or  5-toothed.  Anthers  obtuse  and  entire  at  the  base, 
appendiculate  at  the  apex.  Style-branches  elongated,  flattened,  or  thickened  above,  stig- 
matic  at  he  base.  Achenes  5-angled,  truncate.  Pappus  of  numerous  capillary  usually  sca- 
brous bristles  arranged  in  i  row.  [Named  for  Mithridates  Eufialor,  t.  ^.,  of  a  noble  father.] 
About  475  species,  mostly  of  warm  or  tropical  rejrions.  Besides  the  following,  some  30  other* 
occur  in  the  southern  and  western  parts  of  North  America. 

-X-   Leaves  alternate,  pinnatifid  into  filiform  segments,    i.  /;,  capilli/olium, 
^  ^  Leaves  petioled,  verticillate  in  3's-6's,  or  the  upper  opposite. 
Leaves  thick,  rugose,  pubescent;  inflorescence  depressed.  2.  E.  tnacnla/um. 

Leaves  thin,  nearly  glabrous;  inflorescence  pyramidal.  3.  /i.  purpureum. 

^-  ^  -X-  Leaves  opposite  (rarely  in  3's),  or  the  uppermost  alternate, 
t  Involucral  bracts  imbricated  in  2  or  more  series,  the  outer  shorter. 

I.  Leaves,  at  least  the  lower,  slender-petioled.       4.  E.  serotinum. 
2.  Leaves  all  sessile,  short-petioled  or  coiinate-perfoliate. 
a.  Leaves  not  clasping  nor  connate- perfoliate. 
jJ  Leaves  narrowed  at  the  base. 
Bracts  of  the  involucre  acute  or  cuspidate. 

^eaves  linear-lanceolate,  sparingly  toothed,  2" -6"  wide.  5.  E.  leucolepis. 

eaves  oblong  or  lanceolate,  coarsely  toothed,  M'-i5i' wide.  6.  E.  album. 

Bracts  of  the  involucre  obture. 

Leaves  linear,  crowded,  usually  entire,  obtuse. 
Leaves  lanceolate,  oval,  or  oblong,  usually  dentate. 

Leaves  linear-lanceolate,  acute,  dentate.  8. 

Leaves  oblong  to  oval,  sharpjv  dentate,  obtusish  or  acute.  9. 

Leaves  lanceolate,  sparingly  dentate,  long-acuminate.  10. 

'i  'i  Leaves  rounded,  obtuse  or  truncate  at  the  base. 
Plant  glabrous;  leaves  lanceolate,  long-acuminate. 
Plants  pubescent;  leaves  ovate  or  oblong,  acute  or  obtuse. 
Leaves  ovate-oblong,  rounded  at  the  base,  usually  obtuse. 
Leaves  broadly  ovate,  crenate-dentate,  mostly  truncate  at  the  base,  obtusish. 

13.  E. 

Leaves  ovate,  dentate,  acute.  i4.  E. 

b.  Leaves  clasping  or  connate-perfoliate  at  the  base. 

Leaves  connate-perfoliate;  involucral  bracts  acute.  15.  E. 

Leaves  merely  clasping;  involucral  bricts  obtuse.  16.  E. 

t  t  involucral  brads  in  i  or  2  series,  all  equal  or  nearly  so. 
Receptacle  Rat;  flowers  white. 

Leaves  thin,  3' -5'  long,  sharply  dentate,  acuminate.  17.  E.  ageratoides. 


7.  E.  hyssopi/olium. 

E.  Torreyanum. 
E.  semiserratum. 
E.  altissimum. 

E.  sessilifoliwm. 

E.  verbenae/olium. 

rotundi/olium. 
.  pubescens. 

.  per/olialum. 
resinosum. 


Genus  4.] 


THISTLE  FAMILY, 


307 


18.  E.  aromaticum. 

19.  E.  coelestinum. 


Dog- fennel.     Hog- weed. 


Uum. 
int. 


ndes. 


Leaves  thickish,  i'-2'  longr,  blunt-toothed,  acute  or  obtusish. 
Receptacle  conic;  flowers  blue  or  violet;  leaves  petioled. 

I.    Eupatorium  capillifdlium  (Lam.)  Small. 

(Fig.  3613.) 

Artemisia  capilli/olia  Lam.  Encycl.  i:  267.      1783. 
Eupatorium JbeniculoidesVfaXt.  Fl.  Car.  igq.     1788. 
E.  foeniculaceum  Willd.  Sp.  PI.  3:  1750.      1804. 
E.  capilli/olium  Small, Mem. Torr.Club,  5:311.  1894. 

Erect,  paniculately  much  branched,  with  the 
aspect  of  an  Artemisia^  the  stem  finely  pubes- 
cent, 4°-io°  high.  Leaves  crowded,  glabrous  or 
nearly  so,  alternate,  pinnatifid  into  filiform  seg- 
ments, the  lower  petioled,  the  upper  sessile; 
heads  very  numerous,  about  \yi"  high,  short- 
pedicelled,  racemose-paniculate,  3-6-flowered; 
bracts  of  the  involucre  in  about  2  series,  linear, 
cuspidate,  narrowly  scarious-margined,  gla- 
brous; flowers  greenish  white. 

In  fields,  Virginia  to  Florida.  Also  in  the  West 
Indies.    Sept. 


2.    Eupatorium  maculMum  L,. 
Spotted  Joe-Pye  Weed.  (Fig.  3614,) 

E.  maculatum  L  .'Vmoen.  Aca-.l.  4:  288.     1755. 
Eupatorium  purpureum    vrr.    maculatum 

Darl   Fl.  Cest.  453.     1837. 

Similar  to  the  following  species,  but  sca- 
brous or  pubescent,  often  densely  so,  a°-6° 
high.  Pten:  usually  striate,  often  rough  and 
spottec  with  purple;  leaves  thick,  ovate  or 
ovate-lanceolate,  coarsely  dentate,  verticil- 
late  in  3's-5's,  or  the  upper  ones  opposite; 
inflorescence  depressed,  cymose-panicu- 
late;  pedicels  and  outer  scales  of  the  invo- 
lucre pubescent;  flowers  pink  or  purple. 

In  moist  soil, New  York  to  Kentucky,Minne- 
sota,  British  Columbia,  Kansas  and  New  Mex- 
ico. Called  also  Spotted  Boneset.  Aug. -Sept. 
Eupatorium  macuUtum  amoinum  (Pursli)  Brit- 
ton,  Mem.  Torr.  Club,  5:  312.  1894. 
E.  amoenum  Pursh,  Fl.  .\m.  Sept.  514.     1814. 

Leaves  opposite,  or  in  3's  or  4's,  ovate  or 
oblong;  heads  smaller  and  fewer;  plant  low.     In  dryer  places,  Virginia  to  New  York. 

3.   Eupatorium  purpircum  L.     Joe-Pye  or  Trumpet-weed.     Gravel-root. 
Tall  or  Purple  Boneset.     (Fig.  3615.) 

Eupatorium  tri/oliatum  L.  Sp.  PI.  837.      1753.  ? 
Eupatorium  purpureum  L.  Sp.  PI.  838.      1753. 

Glabrous  or  sparingly  pubescent,  simple,  or 
branched  at  the  summit,3° -10°  high.  Stem  green 
or  purple,terete  or  striate,  usually  smooth;  leaves 
thin,  verticillate  in  3'8-6'8,  ovate,  oval,  or  ovate- 
lanceolate,  petioled,  acuminate,  serrate  \'~i%' 
long,  i'-3'  wide,  glabrous  or  slightly  pubescent 
along  the  veins  on  the  lower  surface;  inflores- 
cence usually  elongated;  heads  very  numerous; 
involucre  cylindric,  its  bracts  pink,  oblong,  ob- 
tuse, imbricated  in  4  or  5  series,  the  outer  ahorter; 
flowers  pink  or  purple,  occasionally  white. 

In  moist  soil,  New  Brunswick  to  Manitoba, Florida 
and  Texas.    Called  also  Kidney-root,  Queen  of  the 
Meadow.    Aug.-Sept. 
Eapatoiiom  purpuntum  falc^tum  (Michx. )  Bntton, 

Mem.  Torr.  Cli      ^  312.      1894. 
E.  falcatum  Michx.  Fl.  Bor.  Am.  a:  99.      1803. 
Eupatorium  purpureum  vat.  angusti/oliumT.  & 

G.  Fl.  N.  A.  a:  82.      1841. 

I.«ave8  narrower,  linear,  lanceolate,  or  linear- 
oblong,  6"-i5"  wide.    With  the  type. 


COMPOSITAE. 


[Voi,.  III. 


5.   Eupatorium  leuc61epis  T.  &  G. 

White-bracted  Thoroughwort. 
Justice-weed.     (Fig.  3617.) 

E.  leucolepis  T.  &.  G.  Fl.  N.  A.  a:  84.      1841. 

Slender,  puberulent,  branched  above,  i°- 
3°  high.  Leaves  opposite,  sessile,  linear, 
oblong  or  oblong-lanceolate,glaucous  green, 
rough,  thick,  blunt-pointed,  sparingly  ser- 
rate, or  the  upper  entire,  I'-s'  long,  2"-5" 
wide,  obscurely  3-nerved  and  narrowed  at 
the  base;  inflorescence  cymose-paniculate; 
heads  2>"-\"  h'gb,  about  5-flowered;  bracts 
of  the  narrow  involucre  imbricated  in  about 
3  series,  white,  lanceolate,  acute,  densely 
canescent,  the  outer  shorter;  flowers  white. 

In  moist  places,  pine-barrens  of  New  Jersey 
to  Florida,  Georgia  and  Louisiana.    Aug. -Sept 


4.   Eupatorium  ser6tinum  Michx. 

I,ate-flowering  Thoroughwort. 

(Fig.  3616.) 

E.  serotinum  Michx.  Fl.  Bor.  Am.  a:  100.    1803. 

Much  branched,  finely  and  densely  pubes- 
cent, or  glabrate  below,  4°-8°  high.  Leaves 
all  slender-petioled,  lanceolate  or  ovate-lan- 
ceolate, acuminate,  sharply  serrate,  j'-S' 
long,  j^'-a'  wide,  5-nerved  at  the  base,  the 
lower  opposite,  the  upper  alternate;  heads 
very  numerous,  the  inflorescence  broadly 
cymose;  heads  7- 15-flowered,  2"-^"  high; 
involucre  campanulate,  its  bracts  pubescent, 
linear-oblong,  obtuse  or  truncate,  imbricated 
in  2  or  3  series,  the  outer  shorter;  flowers  white. 

In  moist  soil,  Maryland  to  Florida,  west  to 
Iowa,  Kansas  and  Texas.    Sept. -Nov. 


involucre  gfreenish.    Eastern  Long  Island  and  New  Jersey. 


6.    Eupatorium  61bum  L.     White 
Thoroughwort.     (Fig.  3618.) 

Eupatorium  album  L.  Mant.  in.      1767. 
Eupalorium  glandulostim  Michx.  Fl.  Bor,  Am. 

a:  98.      1803. 

Pubescent  with  spreading  hairs,  branched 
above,  i°-3°  high.  Leaves  opposite,  sessile 
or  nearly  so,  oblong  or  oblong-lanceolate, 
obtuse,  obtusish  or  the  upper  acute  at  the 
apex,  narrowed  at  the  base,  coarsely  serrate, 
i'-4'  long,  }i'-i'  wide,  rather  thick,  mi- 
nutely scabrous  above,  more  or  less  pubes- 
cent beneath;  inflorescence  cymose-pani- 
culate; heads  numerous,  A,"-^"  long,  5-7- 
flowersd;  involucre  narrow,  its  bracts  bright 
white,  linear,  cuspidate,  imbricated  in  3-4 
series,  the  outer  short  and  usually  pubescent, 
the  inner  much  longer,  glabrous  and  shining; 
flowers  white. 

In  sandy  soil,  Long  Island  to  Florida,  west  to 
Louisiana.  Ascendsto3oooft,  in  Virginia,  Aug.- 
Sept 

Eupatoiium  Album  subvenisum  A.  Gray,  Syn. 
Fl.  I.    Part  2,  98.      1884. 

Leaves  I'-a'  long,  acute,  less  coarsely  serrate, 
prominently  3-nerved  at  the  base;  bracts  of  the 


Genus  4.] 


THISTLE  FAMILY 


7- 


west  to 
L.   Aug.- 


Eupatorium  hyssopifdlium  L. 
Hyssop-leaved  Thoroughwort. 
(Fig.  3619.) 


'753- 


Eupalorium  hyssopifolium  L.  Sp.  PI.  836. 
^.  linea rifoHum  Walt.  Fl.  Car.  199.      1788. 

Ro'*.-»hish-puberulent,  densely  corymbosely 
branched  above,  bushy,  i°-a°  high.  Leaves 
linear,  opposite,  and  fascicled  in  the  axils  of  the 
stem,  or  on  short  axillary  branches,  entire  or 
very  nearly  so,  yi'-i'  long,  \"-i"  wide,  firm, 
obtuse  at  the  apex,  narrowed  at  the  base;  in- 
florescence densely  cymose-paniculate;  heads 
3"-4"  long,  about  5-flowered;  involucre  cam- 
panulate,  its  bracts  linear  or  linear-oblong,  ob- 
tuse or  truncate,  sometimes  apiculate,  puberu- 
lent,  imbricated  in  about  3  series,  the  outer 
shorter;  flowers  white. 

In  dry  fields,  Massachusetts  to  Florida  and 
Texas.  Called  also  Justice-weed.  Leaf-margins 
usually  revolute.  Aug.-Sept.  A  plant  from  the 
coast  of  Maryland  with  very  narrow  leaves,  closely 
approaches  Eupalorium  lecheae/olium  Greene, 
from  Florida. 


8.  Eupatorium  Torreylknum  Short. 


Torrey's  Thoroughwort.    (Fig.  3620,) 

Eupalorium  Torreyanum  Short,  and  Suppl.  Cat. 

PI.  Ky.  5.      1836. 
Eupalorium  hyssopifolinm  var.  lacinialum  A. 

Gray,  Syn.  Fl.  i:    Part  2,  g8.      1884. 

Rootstoclc  tuberous-thickened;  stem  usually 
densely  puberulent,  mostly  branched  above, 
i}i°-3°  high.  Leaves  opposite,  or  sometimes 
in  3's,  commonly  with  short  leafy  branches  in 
their  axils,  often  drooping,  lanceolate,  acute 
at  the  apex,  narrowed  at  the  base,  sessile,  i'- 
3'  long,  7."-(t"  wide,  usually  distinctly  3- 
nerved,  distantly  serrate,  the  upp>er  and  those 
of  the  branches  much  smaller,  linear,  entire; 
inflorescence  mostly  loose;  heads  about  3" 
high,  generally  5-flowered;  bracts  of  thecam- 
panulate  involucre  linear-oblong,  obtuse, 
pubescent,  or  puberulent,  imbricated  in  about 
3  series,  the  outer  shorter;  flowers  white. 

In  dry  soil,  Pennsylvania  to  North  Carolina, 
Kentucky,  Florida  and  Texas.    July-Sept. 


9.    Eupatorium  semiserr&tum  DC. 

Small-flowered  Thoroughwort. 

(Fig.  3621.) 

Eupalorium    ambiguum    Hook.   Comp.    Bot. 

Mag.  i:  96.    In  part.      1835. 
E.  semiserratum  DC.  Prodr.  5:  177.      1836. 

Pubescent  or  puberulent,  loosely  branched 
above,  a°-3°  high.  Leaves  rather  thin,  short- 
petioled,oblong-lanceolate  to  spatnlate,  acute 
or  obtusish  at  the  apex,  narrowed  at  the  base, 
sharply  serrate,  at  least  above  the  middle,  2'- 
i,'  long,  s'-'-ia"  wide,  3-nerved,  usually  with 
short  branches  in  their  axils;  inflorescence 
cymose-paniculate;  heads  2"-y  high,  about 
S-flowered;  involucre  campanulate,  its  bracts 
linear-oblong,obtu8e,canescent,imbricatedin 
2  or  3  series,  the  outer  shorter;  flowers  white. 

In  dry  soil,  Virginia  to  Florida,  Texas  and 
Arkansas.    Aug.-Sept. 


3IO 


COMPOSITAE. 


[Vox,.  III. 


II.   Eupatorium  sessilifdlium  L.   Up- 
land or  Bastard  Boneset.     (Fig.  3623.) 
Eupatorium  sessili/olium  h.  Sp.  PI.  837.      1753. 

Glabrous  throughout,  or  pubescent  above, 
branched  near  the  summit,  2°-6°  high.  I.eaves 
opposite,  or  the  lower  rarely  in  3's,  closely  ses- 
sile, lanceolate  or  ovate-lanceolate,  long-acumi- 
nate, thin,  sharply  serrate,  3'-6'  long,  '/i'-iyi' 
wide,  inflorescence  cymose-paniculate;  heads 
^"S"  high,  about  5-flowered;  involucre  cam- 
pauulate,  its  bracts  hnear-oblong,  imbricated  in 
about  3  series,  the  inner  obtuse,  the  outer  acut- 
ish,  shorter;  flowers  white. 

In  dry  woods,  Masiachusetts  to  Pennsylvania, 
Illinois  and  Alabama.     Aug.-Oct. 

Kupatorlum  sessilifdlium  Brittoniknum  Porter, 

Bull.  Torr.  Club,  19:  129.  1892. 
Leaves  ovate  or  oblong-ovate,  sparingly  and  finely 
serrate,  firm,  rounded  at  the  base,  acute,  the  upper 
i'-2'  long,  6"-<)"  wide,  pinnately  veined,  dark 
ffteen;  cymes  dense,  their  branches  puberulent. 
Budd's  Lake,  N.  J.    Perhaps  a  distinct  species. 


10.  Eupatorium  altissimum  L. 
Tall  Thoroughwort .      ( Fig.  362  2 . ) 

Eupalorium  allissimum  L.  Sp.  PI.  837.  1753. 
Densely  and  finely  pubescent,  corym- 
bosely  much-branched  above,  4°-8°  high. 
Leaves  lanceolate,  acuminate  at  the  apexi 
tapering  below  into  a  short  petiole,  rough- 
ish,  rather  thick,  sparingly  dentate  above 
the  middle.or  some  of  them  entire,strongly 
3- ribbed,  a'-s'  long,  $"-ii"  wide;  inflor- 
escence densely  cymose-paniculate;  heads 
about  5-flowered,  2,"-^,"  high;  involucre 
campanulate,  its  bracts  oblong,  obtuse,  or 
truncate,  densely  pubescent,  imbricated 
in  about  3  series,  the  outer  shorter;  flow- 
ers white. 

In  dry  open  places,  Pennsylvania  to  North 
Carolina  and  Alabama,  west  to  Iowa,  Ne- 
braska and  Texas.    Sept. -Oct. 


12.    Eupatorium  verbenaefdlium 

Michx.     Rough  or  Vervain  Thorough- 
wort.     (Fig.  3624.) 

Eupa/oHtimptlosnm'WM.'Pl.Ca.T.K)!).    1788.   ? 
Eupalotium   verbenaefolinm  Michx.  Fl.  Bor. 

Am.  a-  98.     1803. 
E.  teucriifolium  Willd.  Sp.  PI.  3:  175.V    i8o.j. 

Rough-pubescent,  slender,  3°-8°  high, 
branched  at  the  summit.  Leaves  opposite, 
or  occasionally  in  3's,  ovate-oblong,  usually 
obtuse  or  blunt-pointed,  closely  sessile  or 
rarely  short-petioled,  rounded  at  the  base, 
more  or  less  crenate-dentate,  a'-4'  long,  %'- 
I ''  wide,  the  upper  pairs  distant  and  smal  1 ;  in- 
florescence cymose-paniculate;  heads  5-flow- 
ered, about  3"  high;  involucre  campanulate, 
its  bracts  linear-lanceolate,  acute,  imbricated 
in  about  3  series,  densely  pubescent,  the 
outer  shorter;  flowers  white. 

In  moist  soil,  Massachusetts  to  Pennsylvania, 
south  to  Florida  and  Louisiana,  Called  also 
Wild  Hoarhound.    July-Sept. 


Genus  4] 


THISTLE  FAMILY 


13.  Eupatorium  rotundifdlium  I^. 

Round-leaved  Thoroughwort. 

Wild  Hoarhound.     (Fig.  3625.) 

E.  rolnndi/olium  L.  Sp.  PI.  837.    1753. 

Rough-pubescent,  branched  at  the  sum- 
mit, i°-3°  high.  Leaves  opposite,  sessile, 
broadly  ovate,  often  as  wide  as  long,  acut- 
ish  or  obtuse,  truncate  to  subcordate  at  the 
base,  coarsely  dentate-crenate,  i'-2'  long, 
ascending;  inflorescence  cymose-panicu- 
late;  heads  about  j-flowered,  2"-y  high; 
involucre  campanulate,  its  bracts  linear-ob- 
long, acute,  densely  pubescent,  imbricated 
in  about  3  rows,  the  outer  shorter;  flowers 
white. 

In  dry  soil,  southern  New  York  to  Worida, 
Kentucky  and  Texas.  Reported  from  Canada, 
but  doubtful.    July-Sept. 


14.   Eupatorium  pub6scens  Muhl. 
Hairy  Thoroughwort.     (Fig.  3626.) 

E.  pubescens  Muhl.;  Willd.  Sp.  PI.  3:  1755.    1804. 
Eupatorium  rolundi/olium  var.  ovatum  Torr.; 
DC.  Prodr.  $:  178.     1836. 

Puberulent  or  pubescent,  branched  above, 
usually  taller  than  the  preceding  species. 
Leaves  opposite,  ovate,  sessile,  often  twice  as 
long  as  wide,  acute  at  the  apex,  rounded  or 
truncate  at  the  base,  coarsely  dentate  with 
acute  or  acutish  teeth,  or  the  lower  incised- 
dentate;  inflorescence  cymose-paniculate, 
sometimes  lo'  broad;  heads  5-8-fiowered, 
2'/_j//  high;  involucre  campanulate,  its 
linear-oblong  bracts  in  2  or  3  series,  the  outer 
shorter;  flowers  white. 

In  dry  soil,  Massachusetts  to  Pennsylvania 
West  Virginia  and  Florida.  Ascends  to  3000  ft. 
in  Virginia.    July-Sept. 


15.  Eupatorium  perfoli^tum  L. 
Common  Thoroughwort.  Bone- 
set.  Indian  Sage.  (Fig.  3627.) 
E.  per/oliatum  L.  Sp.  PI.  838.     1753. 

Pubescent,  stout,  branched  above, 
2°-5°  high.  Leaves  opposite,  or  rarely 
in  3's,  connate-perfoltate,  divaricate, 
lanceolate,  long-acuminate  with  a  slen- 
der apex,  finely  crenate-serrate,  rugose 
and  pubescent  beneath,  4''-8'  long,  i'- 
i}i'  wide;  heads  crowded,  io-i6-flow- 
ered,  2"-j,"  high;  in volucre  campanu- 
late, its  bracts  lanceol&te,  acutiph,  im- 
bricated in  3  or  3  series,  pubescent, 
the  outer  shorter;  flowers  white,  rarely 
blue. 

In  wet  places,  New  Brunswick  to  Mani- 
toba,    Florida,     Nebraska    and    Texas. 
Called     also     Ague-weed,      Cross-wort. 
Wild  Sage,  Thorough-wax.    July-Sept. 
Eupatorium  pert oUitum  truncitum  ( Muhl. ) 

A.  Gray,  Syn.  Fl.  i:  Part  a.  99.    1804. 
Eupatorium  truncatum  Muhl.;  Willd. 

Sp.  PI.  3:  1751.    1804. 

Leaves  separated  and  truncate,  or  somewhat  rounded  at  the  base. 


Occasional  with  the  type. 


312 


COMPOSITAE. 


[Vot.  III. 


I? 


17.  Eupatorium  ageratoides  L.  f. 

White  Snake-root.     White  Sanicle. 
Deerwort  Boneset.     (Fig.  3629.) 

E.  ageratotdes  h.  f.  Suppl.  355,      1781. 

Glabrous  or  nearly  so,  much  branched, 
i°-4°  high.  Leaves  opposite,  thin,  acu- 
minate at  apex,  rounded,  truncate  or  cor- 
date at  the  base,  or  abruptly  narrowed  into 
the  slender  petiole,  coarsely  and  usually 
sharply  dentate-serrate,  sometimes  cre- 
nate,  3'-6'  long,  I'-i'  wide,  3- nerved  and 
veiny;  petioles  >^'-2j^' long;  inflorescence 
rather  loose,  ample;  heads  io-30-flowered; 
receptacle  flat;  involucre  narrowly  cam- 
panulate,  about  2"  high,  its  bracts  linear, 
acute  or  acuminate,  in  i  or  3  series,  equal 
or  nearly  so;  flowers  bright  white. 

In  rich  woods.  New  Brunswick  to  western 
Georgia,  Ontario,  Nebraska,  the  Indian  Terri- 
tory and  I^ouisiana.  Indian  Sanicle.  July-Nov. 


Eupatorium  perfoUitum  cuneitum  ( Bngel. )  A.Gray, 
loc.  cit.  100,  with  leaves  smaller,  narrowed  and  sepa- 
rated at  the  base,  occurrinfif  in  Arkansas  and  Mis- 
souri, is  regarded  by  collectors  as  a  hybrid  with  E. 
serolinum. 

16.    Eupatorium    resindsum    Torr. 
Resin  Boneset.     (Fig.  3628.) 

E.  resinosum  Torr.  DC.  Prodr.  5:  176.      1836. 

Slender,  resinous-pubescent,  2''-3°  high, 
branched  at  the  summit,  the  inflorescence  com- 
paratively small,  3'-4'  broad.  Leaves  opposite, 
closely  sessile,  clasping,  or  slightly  connate-per- 
foliate  at  the  base,  linear-lanceolate,  long-acu- 
minate, sharply  serrate,  3'-6'  long,  3"-6"  wide, 
roughish  above,  canescent  beneath;  heads  10- 
15-flowered;  involucre  campanulate,  about  2" 
high,  its  bracts  oblong,  obtuse,  imbricated  in  3 
or  3  series,  the  outer  shorter;  flowers  white. 

In  wet  places,  pine-barrens  of  New  Jersey.  Aug.- 
Sept. 


18.     Eupatorium    aromiticum    L,. 

Smaller  White  Snake-root. 
(Fig.  3630.) 

Eupatorium  aromaticum  L.  Sp.  PI.  839.      1753. 

Puberulent  or  glabrate,  slender,  branched 
at  the  summit,  i°-2°  high.  Leaves  opposite, 
petioled,  firm,  obtuse  or  acutish  at  the  apex, 
rounded,  cordate  or  sometimes  narrowed  at  the 
base,  crenate-dentate,  i^i'-s'long,  9"-i8"  wide, 
3-nerved  and  veiny;  petioles  ^"-8"  long;  inflor- 
escence usually  compact;  heads  40--25-tlowered; 
receptacle  flac;  involucre  campanulate;  i^'"-2" 
high,  its  bracts  linear,  generally  obtuse,  in  i  or 
3  series;  flowers  white. 

In  dry  soil,  Massachusetts  to  Florida.  Blooms 
rather  later  than  the  preceding  species  when  ihe 
two  grow  together.  Called  also  Poolroot,  Poo:  ort, 
and  Wild  Hoarhound.    Aiig.-Oct. 


Gbnus  5.] 


THISTLE  FAMILY. 


3'3 


ig.   Eupatorium  coelestinum  L,. 

Mist-flower.     (Fig.  3631.) 

Eupatorium  coelestinum  L.  Sp 
DC. 


PI.  8 
Pro^ 


838. 
idr. 


1753- 
S-  135- 


Conoclinium    coelestinum 
1836, 

Pubescent  or  puberuleat,  branched,  i°-i° 
high.  Leaves  opposite,  petioled,  ovate,  ob- 
tuse or  acute  at  the  apex,  truncate  at  the 
base,  or  abruptly  contracted  into  the  petiolei 
crenate-dentate,  i}i'-i'  long,  g'^-iS'"  wide; 
inflorescence  cymose-corymbose,  rather  com- 
pact; heads  .."-;/'  high;  involucre  broadly 
campanulate,  its  bracts  linear-tanceolate, 
acuminate,  equal  or  nearly  so,  in  I  or  2 
series;  receptacle  conic;  flowers  blue  or  vio- 
let. 

In  moist  soil,  New  jersey  to  Florida,  west  to 
Illinois,  Kansas,  Arkansas  and  Texus.  Also  in 
Cuba.     Aug. -Oct. 


5.  WILLUGHBAEA  Neck.  Elem.  i:  82.  1790. 
[MiKANiA  Willd.  Sip.  Pi.  3:  1742.  1804.] 
Herbaceous  twining  vines,  or  some  tropical  :)pecies  erect  shrubs,  with  opposite,  petioled 
leaves,  and  discoid,  mostly  cymose-paniculate  heads  of  whitish  flowers.  Heads  4-flowered. 
Involucre  oblong,  of  4  slightly  unequal  narrow  bracts.  Receptacle  small,  naked.  Corolla 
regular,  its  tube  slender,  the  limb  campanulate,  5-clefl.  Anthers  entire  and  obtuse  at  the 
base.  Style-branches  elongated,  acutish.  Achenes  truncate,  5-angled.  Pappus  of  numerous 
capillary  roughish  bristles  in  i  or  3  series.  [Probably  named  in  honor  of  Francis  Wil- 
loughby,  1635-1673,  English  naturalist,  but  the  name  spelled  by  Necker  as  above.]]  st 

About  150  species,  natives  of  America.    Besides  the  following  another  occurs  in  the  southern 
United  States. 

I.    Willughbaea  sc&ndens 
(ly.)  Kuntze.     Climbing  Hemp- 
weed  or  Boneset.     (Fig.  3632.) 

E.  scandensh-Sp.VX.i^.     1753. 
Miiania  scandens  Willd.  Sp.  Pi.  3:  1743. 

1804. 
Wiltoughbya  scandens  Kuntze,  Rev.  C.en. 

PI.  371.      1891. 

Glabrous  or  nearly  so,  twining  over 
bushes,  5°- 1 5°  long.  Leaves  ovate  or 
hastate,  deeply  cordate  at  the  base 
with  the  lobes  rounded  or  truncate, 
acuminate  at  the  apex,  repand  or  ob- 
tusely dentate,  2'-4'  long,  I'-i'  wide; 
petioles  slender,  shorter  than  the 
blades;  heads  in  compound  clusters 
borne  at  the  ends  of  the  branches;  invo- 
lucre about  3"  long,  its  bracts  lanceo- 
late, acuminate  or  apiculate;  flowers 
white  or  pink;  achenes  resinous. 

In  swamps  and  moist  soil,  filassachu- 
setts  to  western  Ontario  and  Indiana, 
Florida  and  Texas.  Also  in  the  West 
Indies  and  South  America.    July-Sepc. 

6.   COLEOSANTHUS  Cass.  Diet.  10:  36.     1817. 
[BRiCKStLiA  Ell.  Bot.  S.  C.  &  Ga.  a:  390.  1834.] 
Herbs  or  shrubs,  with  opposite  or  alternate  leaves,  and  discoid  heads  of  white  yello<rish 
or  pink  flowers,  in  panicles  or  cymes,  or  rarely  soli'tary.    Involucre  campanulate  or  obi  3ng, 
its  bracts  striate,  imbricated  in  several  series,  the  exterior  ones  successively  smaller.    Re- 
ceptacle flat  or  convex,  naked.    Corolla  regular,  5-lobed.    Anthers  obtuse  at  the   uane. 


3M 


COMPOSITAE. 


[Vol,.  III. 


Large-flowered 


Style-branches  long,  obtuse.     Acbenes  lo-striate  or  lo-ribbed.     Pappus  a  single  row  of  nu- 
merous rough  or  serrate  bristles.     [Oreek,  sheath- flower] 

A  genus  of  about  60  species.    Besides  the  following  some  40  others  occur  in  the  southern  and 
western  United  States. 

I.   Coleosanthus  grandifldrus  (Hook.)  Kuntze. 
Thoroughwort.     (Fig.  3633.) 

Eupatorium    grandiflorutn    Hook. 

Fl.  Bor.  \m.  a:  j6.      1834. 
Brickellia  grandifiora  Nutt.  Trans. 

Am.  Phil.  Soc.  (11)7:287.      1841. 
Coleosanthus  graudiflorus    Kuntze, 

Rev.  Gen.  Pi;  328.     1891. 

Erect,  glabrous  or  puberulent, 
much  branched,  2''-3°  high.  Leaves 
slender-petiolcd,  deltoid-ovate,  cor- 
date at  the  base,  acuminate  at  the 
apex,  coarsely  crenate-dentate,  2'- 
4' long,  i'-2'wide;  petioles  shorter 
than  the  leaves;  inflorescence  cy- 
mose-paniculate;  heads  short-ped- 
iincled,  i)"-"}''  long;  peduncles  pu- 
bescent; involucre  campanulate,3o- 
45-flowered,  the  outer  bracts  ovate, 
pubescent,  usually  abruptly  acumi- 
nate or  subulate-tipped,  the  inner 
linear,  glabrous,  striate,  obtuse  or 
acute;  bristles  of  the  pappus  sca- 
brous. 

Montana  to  southern  Missouri  and 
New  Mexico,  west  to  Oregon  and 
Arizona.    Aug. -Sept. 

7.  KUHNIA  L.  Sp.  PI.  Ed.  2,  1662.  1763. 
Perennial  herbs,  with  alternate  punctate  resinous  dotted  leaves,  and  discoid  heads  of 
white  or  purplish  flowers  in  terminal  cymose  corymbs.  Involucre  turbinatecampanulate, 
its  bracts  striate,  imbricated  in  several  series,  the  outer  shorter.  Corolla  regular,  the  tube 
slender,  the  limb  5-lobcd.  Anthers  obtuse  and  entire  at  the  base,  nearly  or  quite  separate. 
Style-branches  slender,  obtusish.  Achencs  lo-striatc.  Pappus  a  single  row  of  numerous 
very  plumose  bristles.     [Named  for  Dr.  Adam  Kuhn,  of  Philadelphia,  a  pupil  of  Linnaeus.] 

About  8  species,  native  of  North  America  and  Mexico. 
Puberulent;  leaves  sparingly  dentate,  or  entire;  heads  loosely  clustered,  4"-5"  high. 

I.  K.  eupatorioides. 
Pubescent  or  tomentulose;  leaves  sharply  serrate;  heads  densely  clustered,  6"-8"  high. 

2.  K.  glulinosa. 


I.    Kuhnia  eupatorioldes  I,. 
False  Boneset.     (Fig.  3634.) 

Kuhnia  eupatorioides  L.  Sp.  PI.  Ed.  2,  i66a. 

1763- 
Eupatortum  allernt/olium  Ard.  Spec.  Bot.  a: 
40.    pi.  2o.    1764. 

Erect,  puberulent  and  resinous,  i°-j,'' 
high,  branched  above.  Leaves  lanceolate  or 
linear-lanceolate,  acute  or  obtusish  at  the 
apex,  narrowed  at  the  base,  sparingly  den- 
tate, or  entire,  the  upper  sessile,  the  lower 
usually  short-pctioled ;  heads  several  or  nu- 
merous, peduncled,  4"-$"  high,  loosely 
clustered;  outer  bracts  of  the  involucre  lan- 
ceolate or  ovate-lanceolate,  acuminate,  the 
inner  much  longer,  linear,  cuspidate;  pap- 
pus tawny,  or  sometimes  nearly  white. 

In  dry  soil,  New  Jersey  to  Georgia,  Ohio, 
West  Virginia  and  Texas.  Ascends  to  3300  ft. 
in  West  Virginia.    Aug.-Sept. 


Gknus  8.] 


THISTLE  FAMILY, 


2.   Kuhnia  glutindsa  Kll.     Prairie 
False  Boneset.     (Fig.  3635.) 

Kultnia  gtulinosa  Ell.  Bot.  S.  C.  &  Ga.  a:  292. 

1821-7,. 
Kuhnia  stiaveolens Vresen.  Ind.  Sem.  Prancf.    1838. 
Kuhnia  eupalorioides  var.  corymbu/osa  T.  &.  G. 

Kl.  N.  A.  3:78.      1841. 

Stouter  and  often  taller  than  the  preceding 

species,  corymbosely  or  paniculately  branched, 

pubescent    or    tonientulose,   somewhat  viscid. 

Leaves  all  sessile,  lanceolate  to  ovate-lanceolate, 

usually    sharply    serrate   with    distinct    teeth, 

veiny,  I'-y  long,  y'-jo"  wide;  or  those  of  the 

branches   linear-lanceolate  and  entire;    beads 

numerous,  6"-S''  high,  densely  cluster  xi  in  llic 

cymes,    their   peduncles    mostly  short;    inner 

bracts  of  the  involucre  lanceolate,  acuminate; 

pappus  tawny  or  brown. 

In  dry  soil,  Illinois  to  South   Dakota,  Alabama 
and  Texas.    Aug.-Oct. 


8. 


LACINARIA  Hill,  Veg.  Syst.  4:  49.//.  46.  1762. 
[LiATRis  Schreb.  Gen.  PI.  542.  1791.] 
Erect  perennial  herbs,  usually  from  a  globular  tuber,  simple  or  little  branched,  with 
alternate  entire  narrow  1-5-nervcd  leaves,  and  spicate  or  racemose  disco-d  heads  of  rose- 
purple  or  white  flowers.  Involucre  oblong,  ovoid  or  subhemispheric,  its  bracts  imbricated  in 
several  series,  the  outer  shorter.  Receptacle  flat,  or  slightly  convex,  naked.  Corolla  regu- 
lar, its  tube  slender,  its  limb  5  lobed  or  5-cleft.  Anthers  obtuse  at  the  base.  Style-branches 
elongated,  obtuse  or  flattened  at  the  apex.  Achenus  10  ribbed,  slender,  tfpcring  to  the  ba9i\ 
Pappus  of  I  or  3  series  of  slender  barbellate  or  pluo^ose  bristles.  [Latin,  fringed,  from  the 
appearance  of  the  heads.] 

.About  16  species,  natives  of  eastern  and  central  North  America,  known  as  Blazing  Siar,  or  Button 
Snakeroot  from  the  globular  tubers. 

^  Bract*  of  the  involucre  acute,  acuminate  or  mucronate. 
Involucre  cylindric,  or  turbinate,  15-60-flowered,  its  base  rounded. 
Bracts  with  lanceolate  spreading  riirid  tips. 
Bracts  mucronate,  closely  appressed. 
Involucre  oblong,  or  narrowly  campanulate,  3-6-flowered. 

Inner  bracts  with  prolonged  petaloid  lips.  3.  L.  elegans. 

Bracts  all  acute,  mucronate  or  acuminate. 

Bracts  appressed;  pappus-bristles  very  plumose. 
Leaves  i"-2"  wide;  spike  usually  leafy  below. 
Leaves  less  than  i"  wide;  spike  mostly  naked. 


L.  squarrosa. 
L.  cylindracea. 


Tips  of  the  bracts  spreading:  pappus-bristles  barbellate. 

-If  ¥r  Bracts  or  the  involucre  rounded  or  obtuse. 


L.  punctata. 

L.  acidota. 

L.  pycnoslachya. 


Involucre  hemispheric,  %'-\'  broad,  15-45-flowered;  heads  peduncled.  7.  L.  scariosa. 

Involucre  oblong,  2"-4"  broad,  5-15-flowered. 

Involucreroundedatbase;bract8iiaually  not  punctate;  heads  mostly  sessile.  8.  /..  spicaia. 

Involucre  narrowed  at  base;  bractsusually  very  punctate;  heads  peduncled.  9.  /-.  gratnini/olia. 


I.   Lacinaria  squarrdsa  (L.)  Hill.     Scaly 
Blazing  Star.    Colic-root.     (Fig.  3636.) 

Serratula  squarrosa  L.  Sp.  PI.  818.     1753. 
Lacinaria  squarrosa  Hill,  Veg.  Syst.  4:  49.      1762. 
Liatris  squarrosa  Willd.  Sp.  PI.  3:  1634.      1804. 

Usually  stout,  yi°-2°  high,  pubescent  or  glabrous. 
Leaves  narrowly  linear,  rigid,  sparingly  punctate, 
3'-6'  long,  i"-2  54"  wide;  heads  sessile  or  short-pe- 
duncted,  i5-6oflowered,  usually  few,  or  sometimes 
solitary,  %'-\'/i'  long,  4"-8'''  thick;  bracts  of  the 
involucre  imbricated  in  5-7  series,  lanceolate,  rigid, 
acuminate,  glabrous  or  pubescent,  their  tips  spread- 
ing; flowers  bright  purple;  pappus  very  plumose. 

In  dry  soil,  western  Ontario  to  Kentucky  and  Plorida, 
west  to  MtnnesotH,  Nebraska  and  Tesas.  Called  also 
Kattlesnake-master.    June-Sept. 


3i6 


COMPOSITAK. 


[Vol..  III. 


h 

w 

fir 


;a 


[!r*' 


LacinarU  iquart&aa  Intermidia  (Lindl.)  Porter,  Mem.  Torr.  Club,  5:  314. 
LialHs  intermedia  Lindl.  Bot.  Reg.    />/.  1)48.      1825. 
Liatris  squarro^a  var.  intermedia  DC.  Prodr.  5;  129.     1836. 

Heads  narrower;  tips  of  the  bracts  less  spreadinK-    With  the  type. 


1894. 


3.    Lacinaria  61egans  (Walt.)  Kuntze. 

Handsome  Blazing  Star.     (Fig.  3638.) 

Stoepelina  elegans  Walt.  Fl.  Car.  so2.  1788. 
Liatris  elegans  Willd.  Sp.  PI.  3:  i6,-5S.  1804. 
Lacinaria  elegans  Kuntze,  Rev.  Gen.  PI.  .^49.     1891 . 

Densely  and  finely  pubescent,  rarely  glabrate, 

2°-3°  high.     Leaves  linear,  very  punctate,  I'-s' 

long,  i"-i"  wide,  the  upper  much  smaller  than 

the  lower  and  soon  reflexed;  heads  4-5-flowered, 

6'/_7"     high,     narrowly    canipanulate,     very 

numerous  in  a  dense  spike  or  raceme  sometimes 

a  foot  long;  bracts  of  the  involucre  in  a  or  3 

series,  the  inner  ones  linear,  dilated  above  into 

oblong    or   lanceolate    acutniuatc  rose-colored 

petaloid  tips,  or  sometime    vhite;  pappus  very  -«** 

plumose;  flowers  purple. 

In  dry  soil,   Virginia  to  Florida,  Alabama  and 
Texas.    Aug. -Oct. 


a.    Lacinaria  cylindr&cea  (Michx.) 

Kuntze.     Cylindric  Blazing  Star. 

(Fig-  3637-) 

Liatris  cylindracea  Michx.  Fl.  Bor.  Am.  a:  93. 

1803. 
Liatris  gramini/olia  Willd.   Sp.  PI.  3:   16 ^6. 

1804. 
Lactnaria  cylindracea  Kuntze,  Rev.  Gen.  PI. 

,H9'     '891. 

Glabrous  or  nearly  so,  stout,  i°-\%''  high, 
sometimes  branched  above.  Leaves  narrowly 
linear,  rigid,  scarcely  punctate,  i'-^'  long, 
I  "-a"  wide;  heads  several  or  numerous« 
pcduncled,  or  the  lower  sessile,  turbinate- 
cylindric,  l^'-i'  high,  4"-6"  thick,  15-60- 
flowered;  bracts  of  the  involucre  imbricated 
in  5  or  6  series,  broadly  oval,  appressed,  ab- 
ruptly acuminate  at  the  apex;  flowers  purple; 
pappus  very  plumose. 

In  dry  soil,  western  Ontario  to  Minnesota.south 
to  Illinois  and  Missouri.    July-Sept. 

k 

A 


4,   Lacinaria  punctata  (Hook.)  Kuntze. 

Dotted  Button -Snakeroot.     (Fig,  3639.) 
Liatris  punctata  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.  Am.  i:  306.    pt.  5$. 

1833- 
Lacinarta  punctata  Kuntze,  Rev.  Gen.  PI.  349.      1891. 

Glabrous,  or  sparingly  pubescent,  6'-3o'  high; 
rootstock  stout,  branching,  or  globose.  Leaves 
linear,  rigid,  very  punctate,  2'-(t'  long,  about  l" 
wide,  or  the  lower  2",  the  upper  gradually  shorter, 
all  erect  or  ascending;  heads  3-6-flowered,  6"-8" 
long,  sessile,  crowded  into  a  dense  spike;  spike 
commonly  leafy  below;  involucre  narrowly  cam- 
panulate,  acute  or  acutish  at  the  base,  its  bracts  ob- 
long, cuspidate  or  acuminate,  often  ciliate  on  the 
margins,  sometimes  woolly,  imbricated  in  4  or  5 
series;  flowers  purple;  pappus  very  plumose. 

In  dry  soil.  Minnesota  and  Manitoba  to  Montana,south 
to  Missouri,  Texas,  New  Mexico  andSonora.    Aug. -Oct. 


J- 


Gkni-9  8.] 


THISTLE   FAMILY. 


3'7 


Slender  Button-Snakeroot. 


5.  Lacinaria  aciddta  (Engelin.  &Gray)  Kunt/e. 

(Fig.  3640.) 

Lialrisaeidola  Bngelm.&Cray,  Host.  Journ.  Nnt.  Hist.  5: 

218.      1847. 
Lacinaria  acidola  KunUe,  Kev.  Gen.  PI,  349.      1891. 

vSitnilar  to  the  preceding  species,  but  usually  gla- 
brous throughout,  the  rootstock  globose,  or  elonga- 
ting. Stem  2°  high,  or  less,  slender.  Leaves  narrowly 
linear,  ^i"-^"  wide,  or  the  lower  wider,  slightly 
punctate,  i'-4'  long,  the  upper  gradually  shorter; 
spike  slender,  naked,  or  sparingly  leafy  at  the  base, 
4'- 10'  long;  heads  3-5-flowered,  6"-9"  long;  involucre 
narrowly  oblong-campanulate,  its  bracts  oblong  to 
ovate-lanceolate,  more  or  less  punctate,  abruptly  or 
gradually  acuminate;  glabrous  or  sparingly  ciliate; 
flowers  purple;  pappus  plumose. 

Prairie!!,  Kansas  (and  Missouri,  according^  to  Bush)  to 
Texas.      Aug. -Oct. 


6.   Lacinaria  pycnostlichya  (Michx.) 
Kuntze.     Prairie  or  Hairy  Button- 
Snakeroot.     (Fig.  3641.) 

Liatfis  Pycnoslachya  Michx.  Fl.  Bor.  Am.  1:  91.  1801. 
Lacinaria pycnosiachya  Kuntze,  Rev.  Gen.  PI.  349.  1891. 
Hirsute-pubescent  above,  usually  glabrous  below, 
2°-5°  high,  very  leafy.  Lower  leaves  linear-lanceolate, 
narrowed  below  the  middle  into  a  slender  margined 
petiole,  acuminate  at  the  apex,  often  1°  long  and  %' 
wide,  the  upper  much  smaller,  linear-subulate,  rigid, 
punctate;  spikes  very  dense,  6'-i8'  long;  heads  4"-6" 
long,  3-6-flowered;  involucre  oblong  or  cylindric,  its 
bractsobloug,  pubescent  and  ciliate  with  acute,  slightly 
spreading,  colored  tips;  flowers  purple;  pappus  barbel- 
late  or  roughened,  not  plumose. 

On  prairies,  Illinois  and  Minnesota  to  Nebraska,  south 
to  Kentucky,  Louisiana  and  Texas.    Aug. -Sept. 

7.   Lacinaria  scaridsa  (L.)  Hill.      Large  Button-Snakeroot.      (Fig.  3642.) 

Serralula  scariosa  L.  Sp.  PI.  818.      1753. 
Lacinaria  scariosa  Hill,  Veg.  Syst.  4:  49.      1762. 
Lialris  scariosa  Willd.  Sp.  PI.  3:  "635.      1804. 

Finely  pubescent,  at  least  above,  i°-6° 
high.  Lower  leaves  oblanceolate,  spatulate 
or  oblong-lanceolate,  narrowed  into  a  mar- 
gined petiole,  acute  or  obtusish  at  the  apex, 
often  1°  long  and  I'/i'  wide;  upper  leaves 
linear  or  linear-lanceolate,  acute,  or  some- 
times very  obtuse,  much  smaller,  all  densely 
punctate;  heads  hemispheric,  %'-i'  broad, 
i5-45-flowered,on  stout  peduncles  2"--2'long, 
or  sometimes  sessile;  bracts  of  the  involucre 
imbricated  in  5  or  6  series,  spatulate-linear, 
oblanceolate  or  obovate,  rounded  at  the  apex, 
appressed, their  tips  dry  andscarious,often  col- 
ored; flowers  bluish  purple;  jtappusbarbellate. 

In  dry  soil,  Maine  to  Florida,  west  to  Minne- 
sota, western  Ontario,  Manitoba,  Nebraska  and 
Texas.  Called  also  Blue  Blazing  Star,  Gay 
Feather,  Kattlesnake-master.    .\ug.-Sept. 

Ladnaria 8caii6sa  squamildsa  (Michx.)  Small,  Mem.  Torr.  Club,  4:  138.      1894. 
Liatris  squarrulosa  Michx.  Fl.  Bor.  Am.  2:  92.      1803. 
Lialris  scariosa  var.  squarrulosa  A.  Gray,  Syn.  Fl.  i:  Part  2,  no.      1884. 

Heads  smaller,  V'-?"  broad,  turbinate-heraispheric.     D-y  woods,  Virginia  to  Florida  and  Texas- 
Ascends  to  3300  ft.  m  West  Virginia.    Perhaps  a  distinct  species. 


COMPOSITAE. 


[Vol..  III. 


8.  Lacinaria  spic&ta(L.)  Kunt/e. 

Dense  lJutto»-S»akeroot.    Gay 
Feather.    Devil'.s  Bit.   (Fig.  3643.) 

Si rmlata  spiiala  I,.  Sp.  PI.  8ii».     175V 
l.ialris  sf>icala  Willd.  Sp.  PI.  3:  i6,i6.      1804. 
A.  spicala  Kuntzv,  Rev.  Cicn.  PI.  ,vto.      1891. 

(•labrous  or  nearly  «o,  j°-6°  liigli. 
Lower  leaves  linear-lanceolate  or  linear- 
oblong,  usually  blunt-pointed,  sotnetinieii 
1°  long  and  5"  wide,  the  upper  linear  or 
even  subulate,  Honiewhat  or  obscurely 
punctate;  spike  generally  dense,  4'-i5' 
long;  heads  short-oblong  or  cylindric, 
5-i,vflowered,  %"-\"  broad,  mostly 
sessile;  involucre  rounded  or  obtuse  at 
the  base,  its  bracts  appressed,  oblong,  ob- 
tuse and  scarious-niargined  at  the  apex, 
obscurely  punctate,  imbricated  in  4-6 
series;  flowers  blue-purple,  occasionally 
white;  pappus  roughened  or  barbellate. 

In  moiHtsoil.MasDHchuscttsto  Florida, west 
toWisconsin,  Kentucky,  I.ouisianaand  Arkan- 
sas.   Called  also  Rough  ur  Backnche-root, 
Throat-woit,  Prairie  Pine,  Colic-root.    Aug.-Oct. 

Lacinaria  spiciita  pumlla  ( I<odd. )  Porter,  Mem.  Torr.  Club,  5:  314.      1894. 
I.iatris  pitmila  Lodd.  Hot.  Cab.  pt.  /,'/.      i8ai. 
l.ialris spicdia  var.  monlana  A.  Gray,  Syn.  Ft.  1:  Part  a,  iii.      1884. 

I.,ow,  stout,  \°-2°  high.    Lower  leavcH  broader  and  shorter,  obtuse;  spike  shorter;  heads  larger. 

g.  Lacinaria  graminifdlia  (Walt.) 

Kuntze.     Loose-flowered  Buttoii- 

Snakeroot.     (Fig.  3644,) 

Anonymus  gramini/otius   iValt.   Fl.   Car. 

197.      1788. 
/Jain's  gramini/olia  Pursh,  FI.  Am.  Sept. 

a:  508.      1814.    Not  Willd.     1804. 
Lacinaria  gramini/olia  Kuntze,  Rev.  Gen. 

PI.  349-      '89«. 

Glabrous,  or  sparingly  pubescent,  i°-3° 
high.  Leaves  similar  to  those  of  the  pre- 
ceding species,  but  more  conspicuously 
punctate,  usually  somewhat  ciliate  near 
the  base  and  acute  or  acutish  at  the  apex; 
heads  spicatc  or  racemose,  mostly  pedun- 
cled;  involucre  narrowed  or  acute  at 
the  base,  2"-^"  broad,  its  bracts  distinctly 
punctate,  appressed,  rounded  and  scarcely 
margined  at  the  apex,  thick;  flowers  pur- 
ple; pappus  barbellate;  achenes  hairy. 

In  dry  soil,  Virginia  to  Florida  and  Georgia. 
Ascends  to  4200  ft.  in  North  Carolina.  Called 
also  Fine-leaved  Blazing  Star.     Aug. -Sept. 

Lacinaria  graminlfdlia  pil6sa  (Ait. )  Britton, 

Mem.  Torr.  Club,  5:  314.      1894. 

Serrulala  pilosa  Ait.  Hort.  Kew.  3: 138.   1789. 

Liatris  gramini/olia  var.  dubia  A.  Gray, 

Leaves  usually  prominently  ciliate;  heaa.s  larger,  spicate,  racemose,  or  even  paniculate;  bracts  of 


Man. 


a,  185.      1856. 


the  involucre  linear-oblong  or  spatulate,  narrowly  scarious-niargined, 
to  Florida  and  Alabama. 


In  sandy  soil.  New  Jersey 


9.  TRILISA  Cass,  Bull.  Soc.  Philom.  1818:  140.     1818. 

Erect  perennial  herbs,  with  fibrous  roots  and  alternate  simple  leaves;  those  of  the  stem 
sessile  or  clasping,  tk  e  basal  ones  narrowed  into  petioles.  Heads  small,  discoid,  of  5-10  purple 
or  white  flowers,  in  terminal  thyrsoid  or  corymbose  panicles.  Involucre  campanulate,  its 
bracts  imbricated  in  2  or  3  series,  the  outer  scarcely  shorter  than  the  inner.  Receptacle  flat, 
naked.  Corolla  regular,  its  limb  5-lobed.  Anthers  obtuse  and  entire  at  the  base.  Achenes 
nearly  terete,  lo-ribbed.  Style-branches  slender,  obtuse.  Pappus  of  i  or  2  series  of  elon- 
gated, barbed  bristles.     [Anagram  of  LtaMs.'] 

Two  known  species,  native  of  the  southeastern  United  States. 
Stem  glabroub;  heads  corymbose-paniculate.  t.   T.  odoralissinia. 

Stem  viscid-pubescent;  heads  thyrsoid-paniculate.  3.  T.  panictilata. 


OBNUS  IO.J 


THISTLE  FAMILY. 


3'9 


I.  Trilisa  odoratissima  (Walt.) 
Cass.     Vanilla-leaf.    Vanilla-plant. 
Dog's-ton  •  •".     Carolina  Vanilla. 
'  ig.  3645-) 

AHOHvmos  odotaliuima  Walt.  I'l.  Cur.  iqH. 
178ft. 

l.ialrh  odoralissima  Miclix.  Fl.  Bor.  Am.  3: 

Trilisa     udoralixsima     Can*.      Bull.    Soc. 
riiilom.  1818:  14U.      1818. 

Rather  stout,  glabrous,  2°-i°  high. 
Leaves  thick. entire, or  sometimes  dentate, 
the  lower  oblanceolate,  ohlong  or  spatu- 
late,  obtuse,  4'-io'  loin;,  i'-i>i'  wide, 
those  of  the  stem  gradually  smaller,  ob- 
long, ovate  or  oval,  the  uppermost  bract- 
like; heads  corymbose-paniculate,  about 
i"  high;  bracts  of  thrf  involucre  obloiig, 
obtusish;  acheucs  glandular-pubescent. 

In  pine-barrens,  VifKiniat  according  toWat- 
son  and  Coulter)  to  Florida  and  Louisiana. 
Called  also  Deer's-tonKue  and  Hound's- 
•■)ngue.    Aug. -Sept. 


3.   Trilisa  panicuUta  (Walt.) 
Cass.     Hairy  Trilisa.    (Fig.  3646.) 

Anonymos  paniculalus  Walt.  Fl.  Car.  198. 

Lialris paniculata  Mlchx.  Fl.  Bor.  Am.  a: 

93.      1803. 
Trilisa  panicula/aCoBB.  Bull.  Soc.  Philom- 

1818:  140.      1818. 

Stem  viscid-pubescent,  i°-3°  high. 
Leaves  entire,  the  basal  ones  lanceolate 
or  narrowly  oblong,  acute  or  obtusish,  3'- 
10' long,  }^'-^ )4'  wide,  those  of  the  stem 
much  smaller,  lanceolate  or  oblong- 
lanceolate;  heads  thyrsoid-paniculate, 
about  i"  high;  bracts  of  the  involucre 
oblong,  obtusish;  achenes  finely  pubes- 
cent. 

In  pine  barrens,  Virginia  to  Florida  and 
Georgia.    Sept. -Oct. 


10.   GUTIERREZIA  Lag.  Gen.  &  Sp.  Nov.  30.     1816. 

Erect  branching,  usually  glabrous  and  often  glutinous  herbs,  or  shrubs,  with  linear  en< 
tire  alternate  leaves,  and  small  heads  of  both  tubular  and  radiate  yellow  flowers,  corym- 
bosely  paniculate  in  our  species.  Radiate  flowers  few,  pistillate.  Disk-flowers  regular, 
mostly  perfect,  or  some  of  them  only  staminate,  thu  corolla-limb  5-lobed.  Involucre  ovoid 
or  narrowly  campanulate,  its  bracts  coriaceous,  imbricated  in  few  series.  Receptacle  flat, 
convex  or  conic,  commonly  foveolate.  Anthers  obtuse  and  entire  at  the  base.  Style- 
branches  narrow,  flattened,  their  appendages  slender.  Achenes  terete,  ribbed  or  s-angled. 
Pappus  of  several  scales,  those  of  the  ray-flowers  shorter  than  or  equalling  those  of  the 
disk.     [Named  from  Gutierrez,  a  noble  Spanish  family.] 

About  30  species,  natives  of  western  North  America,  Mexico  and  western  South  America.  Be- 
sides the  following  4  others  occur  in  the  southwestern  United  States. 


3ao 


COM  POSIT  AE. 


[Vol.  III. 


X.  Gutierrezia  Sardthrae  (Pursh)  Britt. 
and  Rusby.     Gutierrezia.     (Fig.  3647.) 

Solidago  Sarolhrae  Pursh,  Fl.  Am.  Sept.  540.      1814. 
Gutierrezia  Euthamiae  T.  &  G.  Fl.  N.  A.  2:  193. 

1841. 
Gutierrezia  Sarothrae  Britton  &  Rusby,  Trans.  N. 

Y.  Acad.  Sci.  7:  10.      1887. 

Glabrous  or  minutely  pubescent,  bushy,  ^°-a° 
high,  the  branches  rigid,  ascending.  Leaves 
linear,  yi'-xyi'  long,  >i"-i''' wide,  acute;  heads 
oblong,  \yi"-2"  high,  few-flowered,  usually  in 
clusters  of  2-5  at  the  ends  of  the  numerous 
branches;  rays  1-6,  scarcely  \"  long;  scales  of 
the  pappus  linear-oblong,  subulate  or  acuminate; 
achenes  pubescent. 

In  dry  or  rocky  soil,  Minnesota  and  Manitoba  to 
western  Nebraska,  Texas  and  Sonera,  west  to 
Nevada,  Arizona  and  California.     Au^.-Sept. 


II.  AMPHIACHYRIS  DC.  Not.  PI.  Rar.  Jard.  Gen.  7:  \. pi.  i.  1835. 
Erect,  much  branched,  glabrous  herbs,  with  small  alternate  entire  leaves,  and  very  nu- 
merous small  heads  of  both  tubulat  and  radiate  yellow  flowers,  solitary  or  clustered  at  the 
ends  of  the  branches.  Involucre  ovoid  or  hemispheric,  its  bracts  coriaceous,  imbricated  in 
few  series.  Receptacle  naked.  Ray-flowers  pistillate.  Disk-flowers  perfect,  but  sterile, 
or  staminate.  Pappus  of  the  ray-flowers  obsolete  or  coroniform,  that  of  the  disk-flowers  of 
5-20  subulate  scales  or  bristles  somewhat  united  at  the  base.  Achenes  pu)i>escent,  [Greek, 
chafl'-around.] 

Two  known  species,  natives  of  the  south-central  United  States.    The  genus  is  closely  related  to 
the  preceding  one. 

I.  Amphiachyris  dracunculoides 

(DC.)  Nutt.     Amphiachyris. 
(Fig.  3648.) 

Brachyris  dracunculoides  DC.  Mem.  Soc.  Phys. 

Gen.  7:  Part  2,  265.    pi.  i.     1836. 
Amphiachyris  dracunculoides  Nutt.  Trans.   .\m. 

Phil.  Soc.  (11)7:313.      1841. 

Annual,  slender,  much  branched,  6'-i8''  high, 
the  branches  ascending.  Leaves  linear,  S"-i^" 
long,  I  "-2"  wide,  acutish,  the  uppermost  al- 
most filiform;  heads  solitary  at  the  ends  of  short 
branches,  io-30-flowered,  about  2"  high;  invo- 
lucre hemispheric,  its  bracts  oval,  obtuse;  rays 
5-10,  about  as  long  as  the  involucre;  disk-flow- 
ers mostly  staminate,  their  ovaries  abortive, 
their  pappus  of  5-8  subulate  aristate  scales, 
united  into  a  short  cup  at  the  base. 

In  dry  soil,  Missouri  and  Kansas  to  Texas,  Found 
adventive  at  Easton,  Penna.    Sept.-Oct, 


xa.  GRINDELIA  Willd,  Gesell.  Nat.  Fr.  Berl.  Mag.  i:  260.  1807. 
Perennial  herbs,  sometimes  woody  at  the  base,  with  alternate  sessile  or  clasping  leaves, 
usually  spinulose-dentate,  and  rather  large  heads  of  both  discoid  and  radiate  yellow  flowers, 
solitary  at  the  ends  of  the  branches  (rays  rarely  wanting).  Involucre  hemispheric  or  de- 
pressed, its  bracts  imbricated  in  several  or  many  series,  usually  subulate-tipped.  Receptacle 
flat  or  convex,  naked,  foveolnte.  Ray-flowers  fertile.  Disk-flowers  perfect,  or  sometimes 
only  staminate.  Anthers  obtuse  and  entire  at  the  base  Style-branches  narrow,  flattened, 
their  appendages  linear  or  lenceolate.  Achenes  shor.:,  thick,  sometimes  compressed,  gla- 
brous, 4-5ribbed.  Pappus  of  2-8  soon  deciduous  awns  or  bristles.  [Named  for  Prof.  H. 
Grindel,  of  Riga,  1776-1836.] 


Genus  13.] 


THISTLE  FAMIIvY. 


321 


About  25  species,  natives  of  western  North  America,  Peru  and  Chili.    Besides  the  following, 
some  9  others  occur  in  the  western  and  southwestern  parts  of  North  America.     Known  as  Gum- 
plant  or  Tar-weed. 
Leaves  spatulate  or  oblonif,  obtuse  or  obtusish ;  achenes  truncate.  i.  G.  squarrosa. 


2.  G.  lanceolata. 


Broad-leaved  Gum-plant. 


Leaves  linear  or  linear-oblong,  acute;  achenes  2-toothed. 

I.   Grindelia  squarrdsa  (Pursh)  Dunal 

(Fig.  3649.) 

Donia  squarrosa  Pursh,  Fl.  Am.  Sept.  559. 

1814. 
Grindelia  squarrosa  Dunal  in  DC.  Prodr.  5: 

315.     iS.ij. 

Glabrous,  erect  or  ascending,  branched, 
io'-2°  'jigh.  Leaves  oblong  or  oblong- 
spatulate,  obtuse,  more  or  less  clasping  at 
the  ba^e,  sharply  spinulose-dentate,  some- 
times laciniate,  >i'-i  >£'  long,  j/'S"  wide; 
beads  lo'^-is"  broad,  very  glutinous; 
bracts  of  the  involucre  linear-lai  -^eo- 
late,  subulate-tipped,  strongly  squarrose; 
achenes  truncate,  those  of  the  outer  flow- 
ers usually  thicker  than  those  of  the  in- 
ner; pappus  of  2  or  3  awns. 

In  dry  soil,  Illinois  and  Minnesota  to  Mani- 
.toba,  south  to  Missouri,  Texas,  Nevada  t>nd 
Mexico.    Adventive  in  southern  New  Jersej . 
June-Sept. 
Giindelia  squarrdsa  nuda  (Wood)  A.  Gray, 

Syn.  Fl.  1:  Part  2.  118.     1884. 
Grindelia  nuda  Wood.  Bot.  Gaz.  3: 50.     1878. 

Rays  wanting.  Missouri  and  westward 
with  the  type. 


2.    Grindelia  lanceolilta  Nutt. 

Narrow-leaved  Gum-plant. 

(Fig.  3650.) 

Grindelia   lanceolata    Nutt.    Joum.    Acad. 
Phil.  7:  73.      1834. 

Slender,  erect,  glabrous,  branched, about 
3°  high.  Leaves  lanceolate  or  linear, 
acute  at  the  apex,  sessile  or  clasping  at 
the  base,  spinulose-dentate,  laciniate,  or 
the  upper  entire,  i''-2'  long,  1"-^"  wide; 
heads  nearly  as  large  as  those  of  the  pre- 
ceding species;  bracts  of  the  involucre 
linear-subulate,  the  inner  erect,  the  outer 
spreading;  achenes  3-toothed;  pappus  of 
I  or  2  awns. 

In  dry  soil, Tennessee  to  Kansas,  Louisiana 
and  Texas.    July-Sept. 

13.  HETEROTHECA  Cass.  Bull.  Soc.  Philom,  1817:  137.      1817. 

Erect,  hirsute  or  pubescent,  branching  herbs,  with  alternate,  mostly  dentate  leaves,  and 
rather  large  heads  of  both  discoid  and  radiate  yellow  flowers,  generally  solitary  at  the  ends 
of  the  branches.  Involucre  hemispheric  or  broadly  campanulate,  its  bracts  imbricated  in 
several  series,  the  outer  shorter.  Receptacle  flat,  alveolate.  Ray-flowers  pistillate.  Disk- 
flowers  perfect,  or  some  of  them  only  staminate.  Style-branches  flat,  their  appendages 
lanceolate  or  triangular.  Achenes  pubescent,  obtuse,  those  of  the  ray- flowers  thick,  those 
of  the  disk- flowers  flattened.  Pappus  of  the  ray-  flowers  obsolete  or  of  a  few  caducous  bristles, 
that  of  the  disk-flowers  of  an  inner  row  of  numerous  capillary  rough  bristles,  and  an  outer 
row  of  shorter  stouter  bristles  or  scales.    [Greek,  different-case,  from  the  dissimilar  achenes.  ] 

Five  or  6  species  natives  of  the  southern  United  States  and  Mexico. 

ai 


333 


COMPOSITAE. 


[Voi,.  III. 


I.  Heterotheca  subaxill&ris  (Ivam.)  Britt. 
&  Rusby.     Heterotheca.     (Fig.  3651.) 

Inula  sitbaxillaris  Lam.  Encycl.  3: 259.      1799. 
Heterotheca  Lamarckii  Cas8.  Diet.  Sci.  Nat.  ai:  131. 

1831. 
Heterotheca  subaxillaris  Britt.  &  Rusby,  Trans.  N.  Y. 

Acad.  Sci.  7:  10.      1887. 

Biennial  or  sometimes  annual,  i°-3°  high.  Basal 
and  lower  leaves  petioled,  ovate  or  oblong,  2'-3' 
long,  the  upper  ones  oblong,  sessile  or  clasping, 
smaller,  all  acutisb  or  obtuse,  dentate;  heads 
rather  numerous,  6"-9"  broad;  involucre  nearly 
hemispheric,  i"-5"  high,  its  bracts  linear,  or 
slightly  dilated  above,  the  inner  with  scarious  mar- 
gins; rays  10-25;  inner  bristles  of  the  pappus  of  the 
disk-flowers  about  2"  long. 

In  dry  soil,  Delaware  to  Florida,  I<ouisiana,  Kansas, 
Arizona  and  Mexico.    July-Sept. 

14.    CHRYSOPSIS  Nutt.  Gen.  a:  150.     1818. 

[DiPtOGON  Raf.  Amer.  Month.  Mag.  a:  268.  1818.  Not  Poiret,  1811.] 
Perennial  branching  herbs,  with  alternate  sessile  entire  leaves,  or  the  basal  oaes  dentate, 
and  large  many-flowered  heads  of  both  tubular  and  radiate  yellow  flowers  (rays  wanting  in 
some  western  species),  loosely  corymbose,  or  solitary  at  the  ends  of  the  branches.  Invo- 
lucre campanulate  to  hemispheric,  its  bracts  narrow,  imbricated  in  several  series,  the  outer 
shorter.  Receptacle  usually  flat,  more  or  less  foveolate.  Ray-flowers  pistillate.  Disk- 
flowers  mostly  all  perfect.  Pappus  double  in  both  the  disk  and  ray-flowers,  the  inner  of 
numerous  rough  capillary  bristles,  the  outer  of  smaller  or  minute  scales  or  bristles.  Achenes 
flattened,  oblong-linear  or  obovate.  Style-branches  narrow,  somewhat  flattened,  their  ap- 
pendages linear  or  subulate.      [Greek,  of  golden  aspect.] 

About  20  species,  natives  of  North  America  and  Mexico.     Besides  the  following,  about  8  others 
occur  in  the  southern  and  western  United  States. 
Leaves  elongated-linear,  parallel-veined;  achenes  linear;  involucre  campanulate. 

i°-3°  high,  silvery-puDescent;  leaves  grass-like,  3'-i2'  long.  i.  C.  graminifolia. 

4'-lo'  high,  woolly-pubescent;  leaves  rigid,  i'-\  long.  2.  C.  falcata. 

Leaves  oblong,  lanceolate,  or  linear,  pinnately  veined;  achenes  obovate,  or  oval;  involucre  hemis- 
pheric. 
Plant  densely  woolly-pubescent.  3. 

Plants  hirsute,  or  villous-pubescent. 

Heads  numerous,  corj-mbose-paniculate;  eastern  species.  4. 

Heads  fewer,  corymbose,  or  terminating  the  branches;  western  species. 
Villous-pubescent;  leaves  oblanceolate,  oblong,  or  lanceolate, 
leaves  acute. 
Leaves  obtuse. 
Hirsute-pubescent. 

Leaves  linear,  acutish,  short, 
leaves  spatulRte,  obtuse. 
Pilose-pubescent;  leaves  oblong-lanceolate. 


C.  pilosa. 
C.  Mariana. 


5.  C.  camporum. 

6.  C.  villosa. 

7.  C.  stenophylla. 

8.  C.  hispida. 

9.  C.  Nuttallii. 


X.   Chrysopsis  graminifdlia  (Michx.) 

Nutt.     Grass-leaved  Golden  Aster. 

(Fig-  3652.) 

Inula  graminifolia  Michx.  Fl.  Bor.  A'.u.  "':  122. 

1803. 
Chrysopsis  graminifolia  Nutt.  Gen.  a:  151.      1018. 

Slender,  corymbosely  branched  above,  very 
silvery-pubescent,  i°-3°  high.  Leaves  linear, 
soft,  grass-like,  3-5-nerved,  shining,  the  basal 
ones  4'-ia'  long,  2"-$"  wide,  the  upper  much 
smaller,  and  the  uppermost  subulate  and  erect; 
heads  several  or  numerous,  about  ^'  broad, 
solitary  at  the  ends  of  the  branches;  involucre 
campanulate,  its  bracts  glabrate;  achenes  linear- 
fusiform. 

In  dry  soil,  Delaware  to  Florida,  west  to  Ohio 
(Cooper  in  Torrey  Herbarium)  and  Texas.  Called 
also  Silver-grass,  Scurvy-grass.    Aug-Oct. 


Genus  14.] 


THISTLE  FAMILY. 


323 


3.  Chrysopsis  falcikta  (Pursh)  Kll. 
Sickle-leaved  Golden  Aster.     (Fig.  3653.) 

Inula  falcala  Pursh,  Fl.  Atn.  Sept.  53a.      1814. 
Chrysopsis  falcala  Ell.  Bot.  S.  C.  &  Ga.  a:  336.      1824. 

Corymbosely  branched  above,  rather  stiff,  \'-ii' 
high,  leafy  to  the  top,  very  woolly- pubescent,  at 
least  when  young,  or  becoming  glabrate.  Leaves 
linear,  rigid,  spreading,  sometimes  slightly  curved, 
\'-\'  long,  i"-2,"  wide,  obscurely  parallel-nerved; 
heads  rather  few,  3"-5"  broad,  terminating  the 
branches;  involucre  campanulate, its  bracts  slightly 
pubescent;  achenes  linear. 

In  sandy  soil,  eastern  Massachusetts  to  New  Jersey. 
July-Augf. 


to  Ohio 
Called 


In  pine-barrens,  Virginia  (according  to  Watson  and 

4.   Chrysopsis  Mariana  (L.) 

Nutt.     Maryland  Golden 

Aster.     (Fig.  3655.) 

Inula  Mariana  L.  Sp.  PI.  Bd.  3,  1340. 

>763- 
C.  Atariana  Nutt.  Gen.  a:  151.      1818. 

Stout,  i''-2>i''  high,loosely  villous- 
pubescent  with  silky  haits  when 
young,  at  length  nearly  glabrous, 
corymbosely  branched  at  the  sum- 
mit. Upper  leaves  oblong  or  lanceo- 
late, acutish  or  obtuse,  sessile,  I'-a' 
long,  the  lower  oblcnceolate  or 
spatulate  aud  narrowed  into  a  petiole, 
generally  obtuse,  2'-^'  long  and 
sometimes  i'  wide;  heads  commonly 
numerous,  <)"-ii"  broad,  on  glandu- 
lar peduncles;  involucre  hemii- 
pheric,  its  bracts  glandular,  acute, 
viscid -pubescent;  achenes  obovate. 

In  dry  soil,  southern  New  York  and 
PennsTi  vania  to  Florida  and  Louisiana. 
Aug.-Sept. 


3.   Chrysopsis   pildsa  (Walt.) 

Britton.     Cottony   Golden 

Aster.     (Fig.  3654.) 

Erigeron  pilosum  Walt.   Fl.   Car.   206. 

1788. 
Inula  gossypina  Michx.  Fl.  Bor.  Am.  a: 

123.      1803. 
C.  gossypina  Nutt.  Gen.  a:  150.      1818. 
Chrysopsis  pilosa  Britton,   Mem.  Tort. 

Club,  5:316.      1894. 

Stout,  i°-2°  high,  branched  above, 
densely  woolly-pubescent  all  over. 
Leaves  spatulate  or  oblong,  obtuse,  the 
lower  and  basal  ones  i'-3'  long,  j/'-f," 
wide,  the  uppermost  much  stnaller; 
heads  usually  nearly  \'  broad,  termina- 
ting the  branches,  bright  yellow;  invo- 
lucre hemispheric,  its  bracts  densely 
pubescent  when  young,  becoming 
glabrate;  achenes  obovate. 
Coulter)  to  Florida  and  Alabama.    Autumn. 


COMPOSITAE. 


[Voi,.  III. 


6.  Chrysopsis  villdsa  (Pursh) 

Nutt.     Hairy  Golden  Aster. 

(Fig.  3657.) 

Amellus  villosus  Pursh,  Fl.  Atn.  Sept.  564. 

18:4. 
Chrysopsis  villosa  Nutt.  Gen.  a:  151.      1818. 

Stem  villous  or  strif^rose-pubescetit,  i°- 
7"  high.  Leaves  oblong,  lanceolate,  or 
oblanceolate,  obtuse,  I'-a'  long,  2"-^" 
wide,  the  upper  sessile,  the  lower  nar- 
rowed into  a  petiole,  pale,  persistently 
canescent  with  appressed  hairs;  heads 
rather  few,  i'  broad  or  more,  terminating 
the  short  branches;  rays  oblong-linear, 
golden  yellow;  involucre  hemispheric,  its 
bracts 4"-5'''  high,  linear-subulate,  pubes- 
cent and  often  ciliate;  achenes  obovate. 

In  dry  soil,  Minnesota  and  Illinois  to  Ala- 
bama, west  to  Manitoba,  British  Columbia 
and  Nebraska.    July-Aug. 


5.    Chrysopsis  campdrum  Greene. 
Prairie  Gplden  Aster.     (Fig.  3656.) 

Chrysopsis camporum  Greene,  Pittonia,  3: 88.  1897. 
Stem  villous-pubescent,  erect,  often  branched, 
i°-2%°  high,  leafy  up  to  the  inflorescence. 
Leaves  lanceolate  to  oblong-lanceolate,  entire, 
or  with  a  few  low  distant  teeth,  acuic,  sessile, 
or  the  lower  narrowed  into  petioles,  appi*sscd- 
pnbescent  with  short  hairs,  ciliate,  at  least  near 
the  base,  i'-3'  long,  2"-$"  wide;  heads  s<:>'eral 
or  solitary  at  the  ends  of  the  branches,  i  -i,^' 
broad,  showy;  peduncles  i'-4'  long;  involucre 
nearly  hemispheric,  }i'  high,  its  bracts  lanceo- 
late, acuminate,  pubescent;  outer  pappus-bristles 
subulate. 

On  prairies,  Illinois  and  Kentucky  to  Missouri. 
July-Sept. 


7.  Chrysopsis  stenoph^lla 

(A.  Gray)  Greene.     Stiff-leaved 

Golden  Aster.     (Fig,  3658.) 

Chrysopsis  villosa  var.  stenophylla  A.  Gray, 
Syn.  Fl.  i:  Part  2,  123.      1884. 

Chrysopsis  stenophylla  Greene,  Erythea,  a: 
96.      1894. 

Low,  slender,  hirsute  or  rough-pu- 
bescent, 6'- 10'  high.  Leaves  linear  or 
slightly  broadened  above,  densely  canes- 
cent and  ciliate,  acutish,  ^"-15"  long, 
\"-2"  wide,  the  margins  revolute  in  dry- 
ing; involucre  hemispheric  or  broadly 
campanulate,  its  bracts  pubescent  or  the 
outer  densely  ciliate;  heads  few,  6"-\o" 
broad. 

In  dry  soil,  Nebraska  to  Arkansas  and 
Texas.    Aug. -Sept. 


Gbnus  15.] 


THISTLE  FAMILY. 


325 


8.   Chrysopsis  hispida  (Hook.)  Nutt. 
Hispid  Golden  Aster.     (Fig.  3659.) 

Dipiopappus  hispidus  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.  Am.  a:  sa.      1834. 
Chrysopsis  hispida  Nutt.  Trans.  Am.  Phil.  Soc.  (fl) 

7:316.      1841. 
Chrysopsis  villosa  var.  hispida  A.  Gray,  Syn.  Fl.  1: 

Part  2,  123.      1884. 

Lower  than  C.  villosa,  stem  rarely  over  1°  high, 
with  spreading  hirsute  or  hispid  pubescence.  Leaves 
spatulate  to  oblong,  entire,  spreading,  9"-i8'' 
long,  obtuse  at  the  apex,  narrowed  at  the  basei 
often  into  petioles  half  as  long  as  the  blade  or 
more;  heads  smaller,  often  more  numerous;  invo- 
lucre not  over  ^"  high,  its  bracts  lanceolate,  hirsute. 

In  dry  soil,  Manitoba  to  Idaho,  Kansas  and  Texas. 
July-Sept. 


g.   Chrysopsis  Nutt^Uii  Britton. 
Nuttall's  Golden  Aster.     (Fig.  3660.) 

Chrysopsis  pilosa  Nutt.  Joum.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Ph-'la.  7: 

66.      1834.    Not  Erigeron  pilosum  Walt.  1788. 
C.  Nultallti  Britton,  Mem.  Terr.  Club,  5:  316.      1894. 

Pilose-pubescent  with  soft  hairs  and  minutely 
glandular,  i°-2°  high,  branched  above.  Leaves  ob- 
long-lanceolate, mostly  acute,  i'-2|i''  long,  2"-^" 
wide,  entire,  or  the  lower  serrate  or  even  incised; 
heads  few,  %"-\2"  broad,  terminating  the  branches; 
involucre  hemispheric,  its  bracts  glandular- viscid; 
achenes  obovate. 

In  dry  soil,  Kansas  to  Louisiana,  Arkansas  and  Texas. 
July-Sept. 

15.   CHONDROPHORA  Raf.  New  Fl.  N.  A.  4:  79.     1836. 

[BiGEi,owiA  DC  Mem.  Comp.  //.  5.      1833.    Not  Bigelovia  Spreng.     1821.] 

Perennial  stiff  herbs,  with  alternate  entire  leaves,  and  corymbose-paniculate  discoid 

heads  of  yellow  flowers.    Involucre  oblong  or  campanulate,  its  bracts  rigid  and  glutinous, 

imbricated  in  several  series.    Receptacle  flat,  generally  foveolate,  naked.    Corolla  regular, 

tubular,  the  limb  5-cleft    Anthers  obtuse  at  the  base.    Style-branches  flattened,  their 

appendages  lanceolate.     Achenes  oblong,  somewhat  compressed,  i-2-ribbed  on  each  side. 

Pappus  of  I  or  2  series  of  numerous  capillary  unequal  bristles.     [Greek,  cartilage-bearing.] 

One,  or  perhaps  two  species,  nativ?  of  eastern  North  America. 


I.   Chondrophora  nudilta  (Michx.)  Britton 

(Fig.  3661.) 

Chrysocoma  nudata  Michx.  Fl.  Bor.Am.  a:  loi.  1803. 

Bigelo2i'ia  nudata  DC.  Prodr.  5:  329.      1836. 

C.  nudata  Britton,  Mem.  Torr.  Club,  5:  317.     1894. 

Glabrous,  erect,  simple,  i°-2>i''high.  Lower 
and  basal  leaves  spatulate,  obtuse,  or  obtusish, 
3'-6'  long,  3"-6"  wide,  attenuate  into  a  mar- 
gined petiole;  stem  leaves  distant,  small,  linear 
or  subulate;  heads  numerous,  2"-j,"  high, 
crowded  in  a  compound  terminal  corymbose 
cyme;  involucre  narrowly  campanulate,  acute 
at  the  base,  its  bracts  coriaceous,  appressed, 
linear-oblong,  imbricated  in  3  or  4  series,  the 
outer  much  smaller  than  the  inner;  achenes 
short-turbinate;  pappus-bristles  rigid;  edges  of 
the  depressions  in  the  receptacle  prolonged  into 
subulate  teeth. 

In  moist  pine-barrens,  New  Jersey  to  Florida  and 
Texas.    Aug. -Oct. 


Rayless  Golden-r 


326 


COMPOSITAE. 


[Vox,.  III. 


Chondiophora  nudiU  virgiU  (Nutt.)  Britton,  Mem.  Torr.  Club,  $:  317.     1894. 
Chrysocoma  virgala  Nutt.  Gen.  a;  137.      1818. 
liigelovia  nudala  var.  virgala  T.  &  G.  Fl.  N.  A.  a:  832.  (r. 

Chondrophora  virgala  Greene,  Erythea,  3:  91.      1895. 

Lower  leaves  linear,  shorter,  or  the  basal  onep  Iir*»  -spatulate.  Perhaps  specifically  distinct. 
With  the  type,  southward,  not  (certainly  known  fio   .   .ithin  our  territory. 

lb.   CHRYSOTHA/VINUS  Nutt.  I'luns.  Au.  Phil.  Soc.  629.  7:  323.     1840. 

r  '.wshruhs,  with  equrb .,'  leafy  branches,  bard  wood,  linear  leaves,  and  discoid  heads 
<>.  yellow  perfect  flow-s.  Heads  narrow,  5-7-flowered.  Involucre  oblong  to  narrowly 
I.  .n-pH-iulate,  its  bracts  more  or  less  keeled,  thin,  or  papery,  imbricated  in  several  series, 
often  so  I  ■  to  form  5  vertical  rows.  Corolla  5-toothed.  Anthers  obtuse  at  the  base.  Style- 
branches  exserted,  their  appendages  subulate  to  filiform.  Achenes  narrow,  mostly  pubes- 
cent.    Pappus  of  copious  capillary  roughened  bristles.     [Greek,  golden-bush.] 

About  25  species,  natives  of  webtem  North  America. 
Heads  about  6"  high;  involucral  bracts  obtuse  or  mucronulate.  i.  C.  nauseosa. 

Heads  7"-io"  high;  involucral  bracts  subulate-tipped.  2.  C.  Howardi. 

I.  Chrysothamnus  nausedsus 

(Pursh)  Britton.     Fetid  Ray  less 
Golden-rod.     (Fig.  3662.) 

C.  nauseosa  Pursh,  PI.  Am.  Sept.517.      1814. 
C.  graveolens  Nutt.  Gen.  a:  136.      1818. 
Bigeloi'ia  graveolens  A.  Gray,   Proc.   Am. 

Acad.  8:  644.      1873. 
Chondrophora  nauseosa  Britton,  Mem.  Torr. 

Club,  5:  317.      1894. 

Densely  white-tomentose,  at  least  when 

young,  much  branched,  very  leafy,  i''-6'' 

hi(>h,  odorous.    Leaves  linear,  or  slightly 

spatulate,  I'-a'  long,  \"-i"  wide;  heads 

S'^-S"  high,  very  numerous  and  crowded 

in  terminal  compound  corymbose  cymes, 

rays  none;  involucre  narrowly  campanu- 

late,  acute  at  the  base,  its  bracts  oblong 

or    linear-oblong,    acutisb,    puberulent, 

imbricated  in   about   4   series;   achenes 

linear;  pappus-bristles  soft,  copious. 

In  sterile,  especially  alkaline  soil.  North- 
west Territory  to  western  Nebraska  (?)  and 
New  Mexico,  west  to  British  Columbia  and 
southern  California.    Aug. -Oct. 

a.   Chrysothamnus  H6wardi 
(Parry)  Greene.     Howard's  Ray- 
less  Golden-rod.     (Fig.  3663.) 

Linosyris   Hoxvardi  Parry;   A.  Gray,   Proc. 

Am.  Acad.  6:  541.     1865. 
Bigelovia  Hozcardi  A.  Gray,  Proc.  Am.  Acad. 

8;  641.      1873. 
Chrysolhamnus  Howardi  Greene,  Erythea, 

3:  113.      1895. 

Similar  to  the  preceding  species,  densely 
white-tomentose  when  young,  glabrous  or 
nearly  so  when  old,  tufted,  much  branch- 
ed, 6'-io'  high.  Leaves  narrowly  linear, 
entire,  I'-a'  long,  about  \"  wide;  heads 
•j'f-iQf'  long,  narrow,  5-flowered,  more  or 
less  glomerate,  usually  surpassed  by  the 
upper  leaves;  rays  none;  involucre  slightly 
pubescent,  or  glabrous,  its  bracts  lanceo- 
late, thin,  acuminate  or  subulate-tipped; 
achenes  nearly  linear,  pubescent. 

In  dry  soil,  western  Nebraska,  Colorado 
and  Utah  to  New  Mexico.    July-Sept. 


Genus  17.] 


THISTLE  FAMILY. 


327 


17.   OONOPSIS  Greene,  Pittonia,  3:  45,      1896. 

Perennial  herbs,  the  following  species  glabrous,  mostly  '.ufted,  with  woody  roots,  the 
stems  leafy  to  the  top.  Leaves  entire,  linear  to  lanceolate.  Heads  cymose  at  the  end  of 
the  stem  or  branches.  Involucre  campanulate  to  ovoid,  its  bracts  flat,  imbricated  in  severa 
scries,  herbaceous,  cuspidate,  appressed  and  erect,  or  the  outer  spreading.  Disk-flowers  with 
a  nearly  cylindric  5- toothed  corolla.  Stamens  and  style  included  or  scarcely  exserted.  Ray- 
flowers  present  or  wanting,  pistillate.  Style-appendar,'es  ovate  to  subulate.  Achenes  gla- 
brous, or  somewhat  pubescent.  Pappus-bristles  coarse,  rigid.  [Greek,  resembling  an  egg, 
referring  to  the  ovoid  involucre.] 

Four  known  species,  natives  of  central  North  America. 

X.   Oonopsis  Engelm&nni  (A.  Gray)  Greene.     Engelmann's  Oonopsis. 

(Fig.  3664.) 

Bigelovia  Engelmanni  A.  Gray,  Proc.  A»i.  Acad. 
11: 75.      1876. 

Oonopsis   Engelmanni   Greene,    Pittouia,  3;   45. 

1896. 

Perennial  by  a  deep  woody  root,  glabrous 
throughout;  stems  stiff,  about  S'  high,  densely 
leafy.  Leaves  narrowly  linear,  sessile,  9"-i8" 
long,  less  than  \"  wide,  brittle  when  dry;  heads 
clustered,  or  sometimes  solitary  at  the  ends  of 
the  branches,  %'  wide  or  less,  sessile  among  the 
upper  leaves;  involucre  oblong-campanulate, 
its  bracts  in  about  4  series,  oblong  to  spatulate, 
short-acuminate  or  mucronate,  appressed;  ray- 
flowers  none;  disk-flowers  about  as  long  as  the 
rather  rigid  capillary  pappus-bristles;  acbeues 
linear-oblong,  narrowed  at  the  base,  many- 
striatc. 

Western  Kansas  and  Nebraska.    Sept.-Oct. 

18.   PRIONOPSIS  Nutt.  Trans.  Am.  Phil.  Soc.  (II)  7:  329.      1841. 

A  glabrous  annual  or  biennial  herb,  leafy  to  the  top,  with  sessile  spinulose-dentate  leaves, 
and  large  heads  of  yellow  radiate  and  tubular  flowers.  Involucre  broadly  hemispheric,  its 
bracts  imbricated  in  several  series,  lanceolate,  acuminate,  the  outer  more  or  less  spreading. 
Receptacle  naked.  Disk-flowers  perfect,  their  corollas  5-toothed.  Ray-flowers  very  numer- 
ous, pistillate.  Achenes  glabrous,  those  of  the  ray-flowers  broader  than  those  of  the  disk; 
pappus  of  a  few  deciduous  rigid  unequal  bristles,  the  outer  very  short.  [Greek,  resembling 
a  saw,  referring  to  the  leaf-margins.] 

A  monotypic  genus  of  south-central  United  States. 

1.   Prionopsis  ciliilta  Nutt.     Prionop.sis. 
(Fig.  3665.) 

Donia  ciliata  Nutt.  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Fhila.  a:  ti8. 

1821. 
AplopappHS  ciliatus  DC.  Prodr.  5:  346.      i8,-56. 
Prionopsis  ciliata  Nutt.  Trans.  Am.  Phil.  Soc.  (II)  7: 

329.      1841. 

Stem  erect,  stout,  branched,  very  leafy,  a°-5" 
high.  Leaves  sessile,  oval  or  the  lower  obovate, 
obtuse,  conspicuoi  y  veined,  i'-3'  long,  )i'-xyi' 
wide,  sharply  senate  with  bristle-pointed  teeth; 
heads  few,  clustered,  stalked  or  nearly  sessile,  i'- 
\)i'  broad;  involucre  depressed-hemispheric,  its 
bracts  glabrous;  achenes  of  the  ray-flowers  ellip- 
soid, those  of  the  disk-flowers  oblong,  the  central 
sterile;  pappus-bristles  rigid,  the  inner  ones  rough 
or  ciliate. 

On  hillsides  and  river-banks,  Missouri  and  Kansas  to 
Texas.    Aug.-Sept. 


3a8  COMPOSITAE.  [Voi,.  III. 

19.    ERIOCARPUM  Nutt.  Trans.  Am.  Phil.  Soc.  (II)  7:  320.      1841. 

Perennial  or  annual  herbs  or  shrubs  with  alternate  spinulose-dentate  or  lobed  leaves  and 
many-flowered  heads  of  tubular  or  of  both  tubular  and  radiate  yellow  flowers  (beads 
rarely  without  rays).  Involucre  hemispheric  to  campanulate,  its  bracts  imbricated  in  several 
aeries,  the  outer  ones  gradunlly  smaller.  Receptacle  flat  or  convex,  generally  foveolate, 
naked.  Ray-flowers  fertile.  Disk-flowers  usually  perfect.  Anthers  obtuse  and  entire  at  the 
base.  Style-branches  flattened,  their  appendages  short,  lanceolate.  Achenes  oblong  or 
obovoid,  obtuse,  white-tomentose,  or  canescent,  usually  8-io-nerved.  Pappus  of  1-.^  series  of 
numerous  capillary  persistent  more  or  less  unequal  bristles.     [Greek,  woolly  fruit.] 

About  10  species,  natives  of  America.  Besides  the  following:,  about  6  others  occur  in  the  west- 
ern parts  of  the  United  States. 


Rays  none;  leaves  dentnte. 
Rays  present. 

Leaves  dentate;  annual. 

Leaves  pinnatifid;  perennial. 


1.  E.  grindflioides. 

a.  E.  rubigi)iosutn. 
3.  E.  spinulostiiii. 


1.   Eriocarpum  grindelioides  Nutt. 
Ray  less  Ericx:arpum.     (Fig.  3666.) 

Eriocarpum  grindelioides  Nutt.  Trans.  Am.  Phil.  Soc. 
(11)7.321.      1841. 

Apiopappus  Nuitallii  T.  &  G.  Fl.  N.  A.  a:  240.      1842. 

Perennial  by  a  deep  woody  root,  finely  pubescent; 
stems  tufted,  simple,  erect,  ^'-\.i'  high.  Leaves 
oblong-lanceolate  to  spatulate,  sessile,  or  the  lower 
petioled,  ^'-i'  long,  firm,  acute  or  obtusish, 
spinulose-dentate;  heads  several  or  solitary,  termi- 
nating the  stem  or  branches;  peduncles  i'  long,  or 
less;  involucre  campauulate,  its  bracts  linear,  acute, 
puberulent, their  tips  somewhat  spreading,  the  outer 
shorter  than  the  inner;  achenes  densely  silky  to- 
mentose. 

In  dry  soil,  Northwest  Territory  to  South  Dakota, 
Nebraska,  Utah  and  Arizona.    July.-Aug. 


a.    Eriocarpum  rubigindsum  (T.  &  G.)  Britton 
(Fig.  3667.) 

Apiopappus  rubiginosus  T.  &.  G.  Fl.  N.  A.  a: 
240.      1 841. 

Eriocarpum  rubiginosum  Britton,  Mem.  Torr. 
Club,  5:  316.     1894. 

Viscid,  glandular-pubescent,  erect,  an- 
nual, branched  near  the  summit,  i°-3°high. 
Leaves  sessile,  or  the  lowest  narrowed  into 
short  petioles,  oblong,  lanceolate,  or 
oblanceolate,  conspicuously  dentate  with 
distant  awn-pointed  teeth,  acute  or  obtusish 
at  the  apex,  \]i'-i)i'  long,  ^"-d"  wide; 
heads  several,  cymose-paniculate,  W-\^" 
broad;  involucre  hemispheric,  its  bracts 
linear-subulate  with  spreading  tips;  rays 
large;  pappus  bristles  rigid,  very  unequal; 
achenes  villous-canescent,  turbinate,  not 
compressed. 

Nebraska  and  Colorado  to  Texas.    Autumn. 


Viscid  Eriocarpum. 


i. 


GSNUS  30.] 


THISTLE  FAMILY, 


3.   Eriocarpum  spinuldsum 
(Nutt.)  Greene.     Cut- leaved  Eriocar- 
pum.    (Fig.  3668.) 

A  melius  spinulosus  Pursh,  Fl.  Am.  Sept.  a:  564. 

1814. 
Afitopa/tpus ipinulosui DC.  Prodr.  5: 347.    18,36. 
Kriocarpum  spinutosum  Greene,  Erythea/a: 

108.      1894. 

Canescent  or  glabrate,  much  branched  at 
the  baae,  perennial  from  thick  woody  roots, 
ft'-m'  high.  Leaves  pinnatifid,  seuile, 
linear  to  ovate  in  outline,  %'-!%'  long, 
i"-a/4"  wide,  the  lobes  with  bristle-pointed 
teeth;  heads  several  or  numerous  (rarely 
solitary),  6"-\2"  broad;  involucre  hemis- 
pheric, its  bracts  linear,  acute,  appressed; 
rays  narrow;  achenes  pubescent,  narrowed 
below;  pappus  soft  and  capillary. 

In  dry  soil,  Northwest  Territory  and  North 
Dakota  to  Nebraska  and  Texas,  west  to  Colo- 
rado, Arizona  and  Mexica    March-Sept. 

ao.  STENOTUS  Nutt.  Trans.  Am.  Phil.  Soc.  (II)  7:  334.      1841. 

Low  undershrubs,  with  coriaceous  nsrrow  entire  evergreen  leaves,  scapose  or  leafy  stems, 
and  rather  large  heads  of  both  radiate  and  tubular  yellow  flowers.  Involucre  mostly  hemis- 
pheric, its  bracts  imbricated  in  several  series,  appressed,  ovate  to  lanceolate.  Receptacle 
alveolate.  Disk-flowers  perfect,  their  corollas  tubular,  usually  somewhat  enlarged  upward, 
deeply  5-toothed.  Ray-flowers  fertile.  Anthers  obtuse  at  the  base.  Appendages  of  the 
style-branches  short,  lanceolate.  Achenes  white-villous.  Pappus  of  soft  white  capillary 
bristles.     [Greek,  narrow,  referring  to  the  leaves.] 

About  18  species,  natives  of  western  North  America. 

Stenotus  armerioides  Nutt.     Narrow-leaved  Stenotus.     (Fig.  3669. ) 

Stenolus  armerioides  Nutt.  Trans.  Am.  Phil.  Soc.  (II) 

7: 335.      >84i. 
Aplopappus  armerioides  A.  Gray,  Syn.  Fl.  x:  Part  a, 
132.      1884. 

Perennial,  tufted  from  a  branched  woody  caudex, 
glabrous  throughout;  flowering  stems  slender, 
naked  above,  or  quite  leafless,  \'-9>'  high.  Basal 
leaves  numerous,  narrowly  spatulate  or  linear, 
acute  or  acutish,  firm,  I'-i'  long,  \"-%"  wide,  en- 
tire, narrowed  below;  stem  leaves  usually  1-3, 
sessile,  linear,  sometimes  none;  head  commonly 
solitary,  about  i'  broad;  involucre  campanulate, 
^"-d"  high,  its  bracts  broadly  oval,  green,  ap- 
pressed, obtuse  or  retuse,  scarious-margined,  or  the 
inner  ovate-oblong  and  acutish;  rays  8-10;  achenes 
canescent  or  villous;  pappus  bristles  soft,  white. 

In  dry,  mostly  rocky  soil,  western  Nebraska  to 
VkTyominK,  Utah  and  New  Mexico.    June-July. 

ai.   ISOPAPPUS  T.  &  G.  Fl.  N.  A.  a:  239.      1841. 

Rough-hairy  annual  or  biennial  herbs,  loosely  paniculately  branched,  with  alternate  linear 
to  lanceolate  i-nerved  entire  or  somewhat  toothed  leaves,  and  small  slender-peduucled  heads 
of  radiate  and  tubular  yellow  flowers.  Involucre  campanulate-cylindric,  its  appressed 
lanceolate  or  subulate  bracts  in  a  or  3  series.  Receptacle  alveolate.  Ray-flowers  5-ia, 
pistillate.  Disk-flowers  lo-ao,  perfect.  Anthers  not  sagittate.  Style-appendages  narrow, 
hirsute.  Achenes  terete,  narrowed  below,  silky-villous.  Pappus  a  single  series  of  vough 
capillary  bristles,  nearly  equal  in  length.     [Greek,  equal  pappus.] 

Two  known  species,  natives  of  the  southern  United  States. 


330 


COMPOSITAE. 


[Vot.  III. 


^  .1  \iJ' 


X.    Isopappus  divaric&tuB  (Nutt.) 
T.  &  G.     Isopappus.     (Fig.  3670.) 

Inula  divaricala  Nutt.  Oeii.  a:  152.      1818. 
Aplofiappus  divaricaliis  A.  Gray,  Syn.  Kl.  i :  Part  i,  130. 

1H84. 
Isopappus  divaricatus  T.  &  G.  PI.  N.  A.  a:  3,19.      1841. 

Annual  or  biennial,  erect,  paniculately  much 
branched,  slender,  rough-pubescent  or  glandular, 
1 0-3°  high.  Leaves  linear,  linear-lanceolate,  or  the 
lowest  linear-spatulate,  acute  or  cuspidate,  dentate 
with  distant  teeth,  or  sometimes  entire,  i'-j,'  long, 
i"-i"  wide,  the  uppermost  much  smaller,  subu- 
late or  bract-like;  heads  numerous,  3''-5"  broad; 
involucre  campanulate,  its  bracts  linear-lanceolate, 
subulate-tipped,  pubescent,  peduncles  very  slender 
or  filiform. 

In  dry  soil,  Kansas  to  Texas,  east  to  Georgia  and 
Florida.    Aug. -Oct. 


aa.  SOLIDAGO  L.  Sp.  PI.  878.  1753. 
Perennial  erect  herbs,  sometimes  woody  at  the  base,  simple,  or  little  branched,  with 
alternate  simple  toothed  or  entire  leaves,  and  small  heads  of  both  tubular  and  radiate, 
yellow  or  rarely  white  flowers,  in  terminal  or  axillary  panicles,  thyrsi,  or  cymose-corymbose 
or  capitate  clusters.  Involucre  oblong  or  narrowly  campanulate,  its  bracts  imbricated  in 
several  scries,  the  outer  successively  shorter.  Receptacle  small,  flat,  or  somewhat  convex, 
generally  alveolate.  Ray-flowers  in  one  series,  pistillate.  Disk-flowers  mostly  all  Jierfect, 
their  corollas  tubular  or  narrowly  campanulate,  5-cleft  or  5-lobed.  Anthers  obtuse  and  entire 
at  the  base.  Style-branches  flattened,  their  appendages  lanceolate.  Achenes  terete  or 
angled,  usually  ribbed.  Pappus  of  numerous  capillary  rough  nearly  equal  bristles  in  i  or  3 
series.     [Greek,  to  make  whole.] 

About  85  species,  mostly  of  North  America,  2  or  3  in  Europe,  a  few  in  Mexico  and  South 
America. 

A.  Tips  of  the  involucral  bracts,  or  some  of  them  spreading  or  recurved. 
Leaves  glabrous  orglabrate,  4'-io'  long.  i.  S.  squarrosa. 

Leaves  rough-ciliate,  I'-a'  long.  2.  i".  petiolaris. 

B.  Tips  of  the  involucral  bracts  all  erect  and  appressed. 
'K'  Heads  in  axillary  clutter*,  or  alio  in  a  terminal  spike-like,  sometimes  branched  thyrsua. 
I.  Heads  2"-3"  high,  chiefly  in  axillary  clusters;  achenes  pubescent. 
Stem  and  branches  terete;  leaves  lanceolate  to  oblong.  3.  .S.  caesia. 

Stem  and  branches  grooved  or  angled. 

Leaves  broadly  oval,  contracted  into  margined  petioles.  4.  S.  flexicaulis. 

Leaves  lanceolate,  sessile.  5.  5.  Curlisii. 

2.  Heads  2"-3"  high,  chiefly  in  a  terminal  spike-like  thyrsus;  achenes  glabrous,  or  nearly  so. 


6.  5.  bicolor. 

7.  S.  hispida. 

8.  S.  erecta. 

9.  S.  monlicola. 
10.  5.  macrophylla. 


Rays  white;  stem  pubescent 

Rays  yellow;  stem  densely  pubescent. 

Rays  yellow;  stem  glabrr   Ay  or  sparingly  pubescent. 

Leaves  thick,  not  acv       late,  dentate,  or  the  upper  entire. 
Leaves  thin,  acuminate,  sharply  serrate. 

3.  Heads  5" -6"  high;  bracts  elongated,  acute;  leaves  ovate 
'Sf       Heada  in  a  terminal  simple  or  branched  thyrsus,  not  at  all  aecund  on  its  brinchca,  or  scarcely  so. 

I .  Bracts  of  the  involucre  acute. 
High  northern;  leaves  spatulate,  glabrous.  44.  5.  multxradiala. 

Eastern;  stem  minutely  puberulent  or  glabrous;  heads  2M"-3"  high.  11.  5.  puberula. 

Western;  stem  and  leaves  scabrous  or  rough-pubescent.  12.  S.  Lindheimeriana. 

2.  Bracts  of  the  involucre  obtuse  (or  the  inner  acutish  in  No.  13). 
(a)  Upper  leaves  abruptly  smaller  than  the  lower,  appressed.  13.  .S.  slricta. 
(b)  Leaves  gradually  smaller  upward,  spreading  or  ascending. 
■f  Loiver  leaves  large,  oblong  or  oval,  acule  or  obtusish, 
X  At  least  the  lowest  leaves  dentate;  plants  2°-6''  high. 
Lower  leaves  oblong-lanceolate ;  branches  of  the  thyrsus  appressed.  14.  5.  uliginosa. 

Lower  leaves  ovate  or  broadly  oval;  branches  of  the  thyrsus  ascending.       15.  S.  speciosa. 

X  X  Leaves  lanceolate  or  oblong-lanceolate,  entire,  I'-s'  long.  16.  S.  rigidiuscula, 
t  t  Basal  leaves  narroii'ly  spatulate.  17.  S.  Purshii. 

t  t  t  Basal  leaves  obovale,  oblanceolate,Qr  broadly  spatulate. 
Plant  3'-ia'  high,  on  alpine  summits;  stem  angular.  18.  5.  aipestris. 

Plant  i°-3°  high,  not  alpine;  heads  3"-4"  high.  19.  5.  yirgaurea. 

M:  V:  ¥:  Heads  in  a  terminal,  usually  large  panicle,  aecund  on  its  spreading  or  recurved  branches. 
X  Plant  maritime;  leaves  thick,  fleshy,  entire.  20.  5.  sempervirens. 

XX  Plants  not  maritime  ;  leaves  not  fleshy. 
1.  Leaves  pinnately- veined,  not  triple-nerved. 

(a)  Leaves  all  entire,  thin  and  glabrous.  31.  S.  odora. 


Genus  aa.] 


THISTLE  FAMILY. 


33 « 


rugosa. 
fislulosa. 


u/mi/olia. 
Hoollii. 


a8.   v.  Elliollii. 


'ligh;  racemes  short; 
5.  nfglecta. 


(b)  Leaves,  at  least  the  lower,  more  or  less  dentate  or  serrate. 

t  Leaves  linear  or  linear-oblong,  t'-y  long,  scabrous.  at.  S.  torli/olia. 

t  t  Leaves  broader,  lanceolate,  oblong,  or  ovate,  J-io'  long. 

X  stem  densely  pubescent;  leaves  more  or  less  so. 

Leaves  rugose-veiuy  beneath,  sharply  serrate.  33.  S. 

Leaves  not  rugose,  sparingly  dentate  or  entirr,  34,  S. 

X  X  stem  glabrous,  or  merely  puberulent  above. 
Leaves  very  rough  on  the  upper  surface,  sernilnte.  25.  S.  patula. 

Leaves  smooth,  or  minutely  roughened  on  the  upper  surface. 
Kacemes  few,  widely  divergent,  very  slender. 

Lower  leaves  oblong,  coarsely  .serrate.  26.  5. 

Lower  leaves  ovate  or  lanceolate,  rather  finely  serrate.  27.  S. 

Kacemes  numerous,  spreading,  recurved  or  ascending. 
Leaves  all  oblong  or  oblong-lanceolate,  sessile. 
At  least  the  lower  leaves  petiolcd,  lanceolate  or  ovate-lanceolate. 
Leaves  firm,  ovate-lanceolate  or  oblong-lanceolate;  heads  about  3' 
rays  several.  29. 

Leaves  firm,  narrowly  lanceolate;  heads  about  a"  high;  racemes  fnw,  short;  rays  1-3, 

30.  S.  uniligutata. 
Leaves  firm,  lanceolate  or  oval-lanceolate;  heads   i'A"-a"  high;  racemes  numerous, 

slender.  31.  5.  juncea. 

Leaves  thin,  the  lower  broadly  ovate,  short-acuminate;  heads  2%"-\W  high;  racemes 
numerous.  32.  S.  arguta. 

2.  Leaves  triple-nerved,  /.  e.,  with  a  pair  of  lateral  veins  much  stronger  than  the  others. 
Stem  glabrous;  bracts  of  the  involucre  obtuse. 
Leaves,  and  bracts  of  the  involucre  thin. 

Leaves  linear-lanceolate,  entire  or  sparingly  serrate.  33. 

I^eaves  lanceolate,  sharply  serrate.  34. 

Leaves,  and  bracts  of  the  involucre  thick,  somewhat  rigid. 

leaves  linear-lanceolate  or  lanceolate;  achenes  glabrous,  35. 

Leaves  oblong-lanceolate;  achenes  silky-pubescent.  36. 

Basal  leaves  oblanceolate,  upper  bract-like,  37. 

Stem  pubescent  or  scabrous. 

Leaves  lanceolate,  sharply  serrate  or  entire,  rough  above. 

Leaves  oblanceolate,  spatulate,  oblong,  or  ovate,  the  lower  crenate 

Minutely  rough-pubescent,  grayish;  lower  leaves  oblanceolate;  heads  2"  high. 

39.  S.  nemoralis, 
Canescent  and  pale;  leaves  oblong  or  ovate;  heads  3"  high.      40.  S.  mollis. 
Very  scabrous,  green,  not  grayish,  nor  canescent.  41.  S.  radula. 

Leaves  broadly  ovate-oval,  sharply  serrate,  finely  pubescent.  42.  S.  Drummondii. 

'K'  -X-  -:^  -!f  Headsinaterminal,corymbiform,sometiinesthyiioidcyme,formingaflat-toppedinflore(cenca, 
Leaves  ovate,  oblong,  or  oval,  very  rough  on  both  sides.  43.  S.  rigida. 

Leaves  lanceolate,  linear,  oblong,  or  oblanceolate,  glabrous  or  nearly  so. 

Leaves,  at  least  the  lower,  oblanceolate;  high  northern.  44.  5.  multiradiata. 

Leaves  not  oblanceolate  nor  spatulate. 

Lower  leaves  oblong-lanceolate,  serrulate.  45.  S.  Ohioensis. 

Leaves  all  lanceolate  or  linear,  entire. 

Stout;  leaves  lanceolate,  the  basal  8'-i2'  long.  46.  S.  Riddeltii. 

Slender;  leaves  linear,  the  basal  4' -5'  long.  47.  5.  Houghtoni. 

I.  Solidago  squarrdsa  Muhl.     Stout  Ragged  Golden-rod.     (Fig.  3671.) 


5.  rupestris. 
S.  serolina. 

S.  Afissouriensis. 
S.  Shortii. 
S.  Gattingeri, 


38.  S.  Canadensis, 


Solidago  squarrosa  Muhl.  Cat.  76.      1813, 

Stem  stout,  simple,  or  rarely  branched 
above,  glabrous  or  puberulent,  2°-5°  high. 
Upper  leaves  oblong,  acute,  entire  or  nearly 
so,  sessile;  lower  and  basal  leaves  obovate, 
ova!,  or  broadly  spatulate,  acute  or  obtuse, 
4'-io'  long,  I'-y  wide,  sharply  dentate, 
often  narrowed  into  a  margined  petiole,  all 
glabrous,  or  sometimes  slightly  pubescent; 
heads  i5-25-flowered,  a"-5"  high,  numerous 
in  a  terminal  narrow  often  leafy  thyrsus  some- 
times \2'  in  length;  rays  10-15,  showy,  2"- 
y  long;  tips  of  the  involucral  bracts  green, 
acute  or  obtuse,  rarely  some  of  them  erect, 
all  usually  strongly  recurved,  giving  the 
heads  a  ragged  appearance;  achenes  glabrous. 

In  rocky  soil.  New  Br.  /ick  and  Ontario, 
south  to  Virginia  and  Ohio.  Ascends  to  2000 
ft.  in  the  Catskills.  Lower  branches  of  the  in- 
florescence sometimes  elongated.     Aug.-Oct. 


COMPOSITAE. 


[Vol.  III. 


a.   Solidago  petioUris  Ait.     Downy  Ragged 
Golden-rod.     (Fig.  3672.) 

Solidago  peliotaris  Ait.  Hort.  Kew.  3:  ai6.      1789. 

Stem  rather  slender,  pubescent  or  puberulent,  i°-.i'' 
high,  simple,  or  branched  above.  Leaves  sessile,  or 
very  sbort-petioled,  oblorg  to  oval,  acute,  obtuse  or 
mucronate,  enti'"*  or  dentate,  yi'-y  long,  rough  or 
ciliatc  on  the  margins;  heads  3"-4"  high,  in  a  termi- 
nal narrow  more  or  le»s  compound  thyrsus;  iuvolucral 
bracts  with  green  acute  to  acuminate  tips,  the  outer 
spreading,  the  inner  appressed;  achenes  glabrous  or 
nearly  so. 

In  dry  soil,  Illinnis  to  Kansas  and  Texas,  east  to  Korth 
Carolina  and  Florida.  Variable,  or  perhaps  includes  sev- 
eral species.    Sept.-Oct 


3.   Solidago  cassia  L.     Blue- 
stemmed  or  Wreath  Golden-rod. 
(Fig-  3673.) 

Solidago  caeaia  L.  Sp.  PI.  879.      175,1. 

S.  gracilis  Poir.  in  Lam.  Encycl.  8: 476.      1808. 

Stem  glabrous,  slender,  often  glaucous, 
usually  bluish  or  purple,  branched  or  sim- 
ple, terete,  i''-3°  high.  Leaves  lanceolate 
or  oblong-lanceolate,  sessile,  acuminate  at 
the  apex,  narrowed  at  the  base,  glabrous, 
sharply  serrate,  a'-s'  long,  3"-i5"  wide; 
beads  i"-2,''  high,  in  axillary  clusters 
or  racemes,  or  occasionally  with  some  in  a 
short  terminal  thyrsus;  bracts  of  the  invo- 
cre  obtuse,  appressed;  achenes  pubescent. 

In  woods  and  thickets,  Maine  and  Ontario 
to  Minnesota  Florida,  Arkansas  and  Texas. 
Called  also  Woodland  Golden-rod.  Aug;.-Oct. 
Solidago  caisia  axllUris  ( Pursh )  A.  Gray,  Proc. 

Am.  Acad.  17:  189.      1882. 
5.  axillaris  Pursh,  Fl.  Am.  Sept.  542.      1814. 

Heads  few,  in  dense  short  axillary  clusters,  much  exceeded  by  the  long  thin  leaves 
leaves  often  entire.    Nova  Scotia  to  Ontario  and  New  Jersey, 


;  upper 


4.  Solidago  flexiclkulis  L.     Zig ■^ag  or 
Broad-leaved  Golden-rod.    (Fig.  3674.) 

Solidago  flexicaulis  L.  Sp.  PI.  879.      1753. 
Solidago  latifolia  L.  loc.  cit.     1753. 

Stem  glabrous,  angled,  usually  simple,  zig-zag, 
i°-3°  high.  Leaves  thin,  ovate,  acuminate  at 
the  apex,  abruptly  narrowed  at  the  base  into  a 
margined  petiole,  somewhat  pubescen*,  or  gla- 
brous beneath,  sharply  serrate,  a'-y'  long,  \'-i,' 
wide,  the  uppermost  sometimes  lanceolate  and 
entire  or  nearly  so;  heads  about  ■>,"  high,  in 
short  axillary  racemose  clusters,  and  rarely  also 
in  a  narrow  terminal  thyrsus;  bracts  of  the  in- 
volucre obtuse  to  acutish,  appressed;  achenes 
hirsute-pubescent. 

In  rich  woods.  New  Brunswick  to  Georgia,  west 
to  Minnesota  and  Missouri.  Ascends  to  2300  ft.  in 
the  Catskills.     July-Sept. 


GSNUS  32.] 


THISTLE  FAMILY, 


5.    Solidago  Curtisii  T.  &  O. 
Curtis'  Golden-rod.     (Fig.  3675.) 

Soliiiago  Curtisii  T.  &  G.  Kl.  N.  A.  a:  stx). 

1841. 

Stem  glabrous  or  sparingly  pubescent, 
simple  or  branched,  slender,  i^^'-s"  high, 
angled  and  grooved.  Leaves  thin,  sessile, 
elongated-lanceolate  or  sometimes  broader 
above  the  middle,  long-acuminate,  nar- 
rowed below  into  an  entire  base,  sharply 
serrate,  3'-6'  long,  ^"-n"  wide,  glabrous 
or  nearly  so;  heads  2"-y  high,  in  rather 
loose  axillary  clusters  and  sometimes  also 
iu  a  narrow  terminal  thyrsus;  bracts  of  the 
involucre  few,  obtuse. 

In  mountain  woodii,  Virginia  and  West 
Virginia  to  Georgia,    Aug.-Sept. 


6.   Solidago  bicolor  L.     White 

Golden-rod.     Silver-rod. 

(Fig.  3676.) 

Solidago  bicolor  h.  Mant.  114.      1767. 

Stem  rather  stout,  hirsute- pubes- 
cent, or  nearly  glabrous,  f>'-^°  high, 
simple  or  branched.  Basal  and  lower 
leaves  obovate  or  broadly  oblong, 
mostly  obtuse,  2'-^'  long,  I'-a'  wide, 
narrowed  into  long  margined  petioles, 
dentate  or  crenate-dentate,  mote  or 
less  pubescent;  upper  leaves  smaller 
and  narrower,  oblong  or  sometimes 
lanceolate,  obtusisb  or  acute,  sessile  or 
nearly  so,  often  entire;  heads  a"-3" 
high,  crowded  in  a  terminal  narrow 
thyrsus  2'-^'  long,  and  sometimes  also 
clustered   in   the  upper   axils;    rays 

white;  bracts  of  the  involucre  obtuse;  acbenes  glabrous. 

In  dry  soil,  New  Brunswick  to  Georgia, west  to  Ontario,  Minnesota  and  Missouri.    Ascends  to  6300 

ft.  in  North  Carolina.     July-Sept. 

7.    Solidago  hispida  Muhl. 

Hairy  Golden-rod.     (Fig.  3677.) 

5.  hiipida  Muhl. ;  Willd.  Sp.  PI.  3: 2063.   "804. 
Solidago  hirsula  Nutt.  Journ.  Phil.  Acad.  7; 

103.      1834. 
Solidago  bicolor  vox.  concolor  T.  &  G.  Fl.  N. 

A.  2:  197.     1841. 

Stout,  stem  densely  pubescent  or  hir- 
sute, simple,  or  sometimes  branched, 
I Vi'-'S"  high.  Lower  leaves  oval,  acute, 
or  obtuse,  petioled,  pubescent  on  both 
sides,  usually  dentate,  a'-s'  long,  i'-2' 
wide;  upper  leaves  oblong,  sessile, 
acute,  dentate  or  entire,  smaller,  sessile; 
heads  about  j/'  high,  crowded  in  a  dense 
narrow  terminal  thyrsus  and  also  often  in 
racemose  clusters  in  the  upper  axils;  rays 
yellow;  involucral  bracts  obtuse;  achenes 
with  a  few  appressed  hairs,  or  glabrous. 

In  dry  soil,  Nova  Scotia  to  western  Ontario 
and  Minnesota,  south  to  Pennsylvania, 
Georgia  and  W'sconsin.  More  abundant 
northward  than  the  preceding  species.  As- 
cends to  20OO  ft.  in  the  Catskills.    Aug. -Oct. 


\^ 


334 


COMPOSITAE. 


[Vol,.  III. 


Ife-; 


9.  Solidago  monticola  T.  &  G. 

Mountain  Golden-rod. 

(Fig.  3679.) 

Solidago  Curitsii var.  monlicolaT.&G. 

Fl.  N.  A.  a:  200.      1841. 
Solidago  ntonlicola  T.  &  G.;  Chapm.  Fl. 

S.  SUtes,  209.      i860. 

Slender,  glabrous  or  nearly  so,  1°-^° 
high.  Stem  leaves  ovate-obloug,  or 
oblong-lanceolate,  "jin,  acuminate  at 
the  apex,  narrowed  at  the  base,  sharply 
and  sparingly  serrate,  or  the  upper  en- 
tire, i'-6'long,4"-i>4'  wide,  the  upper 
sessile,  the  lower  petioled;  basal  leaves 
broadly  oblong,  obtuse,  with  slender 
petioles;  heads  about  2"  high;  in  a 
terminal  spike-like  simple  or  branched 
thyrsus;  bracts  of  the  involucre  acut- 
ish  or  obtuse ;  achenes  glabrous. 

Tn  mountain  woods,  Pennsylvania  and 
Maryland  to  Georgia  and  Alabama. 


8.    Solidago  er^cta  Pursh. 
Slender  Ciolden-rod.   (Fig.  3678.) 

Solidago  electa  Pursh,  Fl.  Am.  Sept.  542. 

1814. 
Solidago  s/>eciosa  var.  anguslala  T.  &.  G. 

Fl.  N.  A.  a:  205.     1841. 

Stem  slender,  glabrous,  or  pubcrulcnt 
above,  2°-3°  high,  simple  or  rarely 
branched.  Leaves  firm,  nearly  glabrous 
on  both  sides,  ciliolate  ou  the  margins, 
the  lower  and  basal  ones  broadly  oblong 
or  oval,  obtuse  or  obtusish,  crenale- 
d<;utate,  the  upper  lanceolate  or  oblong- 
lanceolate,  acute,  usually  quite  entire; 
hei^ds  2"-3"  high  in  a  very  narrow 
terminal  thyrsus,  rarely  also  with  a  few 
clustered  in  the  upper  axils;  bracts  of 
the  involucre  obtuse;  achenes  glabrous. 

In  dry  soil,  New  Jersey  and  Pennsyl- 
vania to  GeofKia  and  North  Carolina. 
Aug.-Sept. 


Solidago 

1814. 
Solidago  thyrsoidea  E 


10.   Solidago  macroph^lla  Pursh. 
Large-leaved  Golden-rod.     (Fig.  3680,) 

macrophylla  Pursh,  Fl.  Am.  Sept.  542. 

Meyer,  PI.  I<ab.  63.  1830. 
Stem  striate,  glabrous  or  sparingly  pubescent, 
stout.  (6'-4°  high.  Leaves  thin,  ovate,  acumi- 
nate, or  the  basal  ones  obtuse,  sharply  serrate, 
glabrous,  or  sparingly  pubescent  beneath,  a'-s' 
long,  i'-2%'  wide,  abruptly  contracted  into 
margined  petioles,  or  the  uppermost  lanceolate, 
entire,  3cssile;  heads  5"-6"  high  in  a  terminal 
compact  or  loose  thyrsus  and  usually  also  in 
axillary  clusters;  bracts  of  the  involucre  linear, 
acute;  rays  8-10,  linear-oblong,  conspicuous; 
achenes  glabrous  or  nearly  so. 

In  rocky  woods,  Catskill  Mountains,  N.  Y.  to 
Labrador  and  Hudson  Bay,  west  to  Lake  Superior. 
Ascends  to  4000  ft,  in  the  Adirondacks.     July-Sept. 


Genus  22.] 


THISTLE  FAMILY, 


IX.   Solidago  pub6rula  Nutt. 
Downy  Golden-rod.     (Fig.  3681.) 
Solidago puberula Nutt.  Gen.  a:  162.     1818. 

Minutely  puberulent,  or  glabrous,  usu- 
ally simple,  rather  slender,  i%°-^°  high, 
leafy.  Stem  leaves  oblong-lanceolate, 
acute,  sparingly  serrate  or  entire,  i'-2' 
long,  sessile,  or  the  lower  petioled,  basal 
leaves  9  id  sometimes  the  lowest  ones 
of  the  litem  spatulate,  obtuse,  sharply 
serrat' ,  2'-^'  long,  narrowed  into  mar- 
gined petioles;  heads  2*/i"-2,"  high, 
in  a  terminal,  often  leafy  thyrsus,  the 
branches  of  which  are  spreading  or  as- 
cending; bracts  of  the  involucre  subu- 
late, very  acute;  achenes glabrous;  heads 
rarely  a  little  secund. 

In  sandy  soil,  New  Brunswick  to  Florida 
and  Mississippi,  near  the  coast  and  on  sand- 
stone rocks  in  the  Appalachian  mountain 
system.    Aug. -Sept. 


12.  Solidago  Lindheimeri^inaScheele. 
Ijindheimer's  Golden-rod.    (Fig.  3682.) 

Solidago  Lindheimetiana  Scheele,  Linnaea,  3i : 

599.      1848. 

Scabrous,  simple,  i}i°-2,°  high,  leafy,  rather 
stout  and  rigid.  Leaves  oblong,  oblong- 
lanceolate  or  oval,  acute  or  acutish  at  the 
apex,  narrowed  or  rounded  at  the  base,  all 
entire,  tbickish,  rough  on  both  surfaces, 
sessile  or  the  iiwest  petioled;  heads  about  3" 
high  in  a  terminal,  often  short  thyrsus;  bracts 
of  the  involucre  acute  or  the  outer  obtuse, 
puberulent;  achenes  nearly  glabrous. 

Southern  Kansas  (according  to  Watson  and 
Coulter)  to  Texas,  Arizona  and  northern  Mexico. 
Augr.-Nov. 

Solidago  Bigeldvli  A.  Gray,  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  x6:  80, 
another  southwesteni  species,  which  is  rouKher 
than  this  one,  and  with  oval  or  oblong  leaves  ob- 
tuse or  obtusish  at  both  ends,  is  reported  from 
Kansas. 


13.  Solidago  stricta  Ait.    Wand-like 

or  Willow-leaf  Golden-rod. 

(Fig.  3683.) 

Solidago  stnc/a  Ait.  Hort.  Kew.  3:  216.      1789. 
5.  virgala  Michx.  Fl.  Bor.  Am,  a:  117.      1803. 

Glabrous  throughout,  slender,  erect,  simple, 
2°-8°  high.  Basal  and  lowest  stem  leaves 
oblong,  or  somewhat  spatulate,  with  few  lat- 
eral veins,  obtuse,  entire,  or  very  sparingly 
dentate,  3'-8'  long,  %'-i'  wide,  narrowed 
into  long  petioles;  upper  stem  leaves  ab- 
ruptly smaller,  narrowly  obloog,  spatulate 
or  linear,  appressed,  the  uppermost  very 
small  and  bract-like;beads  about  i"  high  in  a 
dense  simple,  or  sometimes  branched,  naked 
thyrsus;  bracts  of  the  involucre  oblong,  ob- 
tuse, or  the  inner  acutish;  achenes  glabrous, 
or  sparingly  pubescent. 

In  wet  sandy  pine-barrens,  New  Jersey  to  Plor- 
ida  and  I/)uisiana.     Also  in  Cuba.     AuR.-Oct. 


COMPOSITAE. 


[Vol..  Hi. 


14.   Solidago  uligindsa  Nutt.     Bog 
Golden-rod.     (Fig.  3684.) 

Solidago  uUginosa  Nutt.  Journ.  Phil.  Acsd.  7: 
loi.      1834. 

Stem  glabrous,  rather  atout,  simple,  2°~4° 
high.  Leaves  oblong  lanceolate  or  lanceo- 
late, glabrous,  firm,  wore  or  kas  ciliolate  or 
scabrous  on  the  margins,  fcw-vcined,  acute 
or  acuminate,  the  lower  and  basal  ones  4'-9' 
long,  )^'-\  \i'  wide,  more  or  less  serrate  and 
narrowed  into  petioles,  the  upper  smaller, 
mostly  sessile  and  entire;  heads  2"-y  high 
in  a  terminal  oblong  dense  thyrsus,  its 
branches  apprcssed;  bracts  of  the  involucre 
linear-oblong,  obtuse;  achenes  glabrous. 

In  swamps  and  bofrs,  Newfoundland  to  nortli- 
em  New  Jersey  and  Pennsylvania,  west  to  west- 
em  Ontario,  Minnesota  and  Wiscon.sin.  Aug.- 
Sept. 


15.  Solidago  specidsa  Nutt.  Showy 
or  Noble  Golden-rod.     (Fig.  3685.) 
Solidago  speciosa  Nutt.  Gen.  3:  160.      1818. 

Stem  stout,  glabrous  below,  often  rough 
above,  usually  simple,  3°-?°  high.  Leaves 
glabrous,  firm,  the  lower  and  basal  ovate,  or 
broadly  oval,  4'-io'  long,  i'-4'  wide,  dentate 
or  crenate,  pinnately  veined  aoute  or  obtuse 
at  the  apex,  long  petioled;  upper  leaves 
smaller,  oblong  or  oval,  acute  at  each  end, 
crenatc-dentate,  or  entire,  sessile  or  short- 
petloled,  rough-margined;  heads  3"-4" 
high  in  a  large  terminal  thyrsus,  the 
branches  of  which  are  ascending  and  often 
leafy;  bracts  of  the  involucre  oblong,  very 
obtuse;  achenes  glabrous  or  nearly  so. 

In  rich  soil,  Nova  Scotia  to  North  Carolina, 
west  to  Minnesota,  Kentucky,  Arkansas  and  Ne- 
braska (according  to  J,  M.  Bates).    Augf.-Oct. 

Solidago  apecldsa^illida  Porter,  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  19:  130.     1892. 
Leaves  ovate  or  oblong,  coriaceous,  prominently  veined,  pale  green;  stems  stout,  tufted,  i°-2'' 
high,  densely  pubescent  above.    On  the  rocky  summit  of  Mt.  Mackay,  western  Ontario. 

16.   Solidago  rigidiuscula  (T.  & 
G. )  Porter.   Slender  Showy  Golden- 
rod.     (Fig.  3686.) 

Solidago  aperiosa  var.  rigidiuscula  T.  &  G. 

Fl.  N.  A.  2:205.      1841. 
Solidaiio  speciosa  var.  anguslata  A.   Gray, 

Syni  Kl.  1:  Part  2,  152.    In  part.      1884. 
Solidago  rigidiuscula  Porter,  Mem.  Torr. 

Club,  5:  319.      1894. 

Stem  rather  slender,  usually  glabrous 
below,  rough-pubescent  above,  simple, 
3°-4°  high.  Leaves  lanceolate  or  obloug- 
lanceolate,  entire,  or  the  basal  ones  some- 
times crenate,  strongly  ciliolate  on  the 
margins,  i'-5'  long,  3"-!  a"  wide,  the 
upper  sessile,  the  lower  sometime*  nar- 
rowed into  petioles;  heads  similar  to 
those  of  the  preceding  species;  thyrsus 
generally  narrow,  dense,  simple  or  rarely 
branched. 

In  dry  soil,  mostly  on  prairies,  Ohio  to  Ala- 
bama, west  to  Minnesota,  Nebraska,  Louisi- 
ana and  Texas.    Aug. -Oct. 


I 


GKNUS  22.] 


THISTLE   FAMILY, 


high 


I  T.  &  G. 


17.  Solidago  Purshii  Porter.     River-bank 
Golden-rod.     (Fig.  3687.) 

Solidasco  humilis  Pursli,  V\.  Am.   Sept.   543'      >8i4. 

Not  Mill. 
Solidago  Purshii Voxier,  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  ai:3U.   1894. 
5.  racemosa  Greene,  Pittonia,  3:  160.     1397. 

Glabrous  or  nearly  so;  stems  simple,  usually 
-somewhat  glutinous,  S'-iS'  high.  Lower  and  basal 
leaves  oblanceolate,  obtuse  or  acutish,  dentate,  or 
crenate,  2'-6'  long,  yi'-i'  wide,  narrowed  into 
slightly  margined  petioles;  stem  leaves  sessile,  lan- 
ceolate, oblong  or  linear,  numerous,  crenate  or 
•entire,  mostly  acute,  smaller;  heads  3"-4"  high  in 
a  terminal  simple  or  branched  thyrsus;  bracts  of 
the  involucre  linear-oblong,  obtuse,  or  the  inner 
acutish;  achenes  striate,  pubescent. 

On  rocky  river  banks,  Newfoundland  to  northern 
New  York,  Vermont  and  Virginia.    July-Sept. 


18.    Solidago  alpistris  Wald.  &  Kit. 
Alpine  Golden-rod.     (Fig.  3688.) 

Solidago  aipestris  Wald.  &  Kit.   PI.  Rar.  Hung.  3. 

pi.  ioS.      i8ia. 
Solidago  yirgaurea  var.  aipina  Bigel.  PI.  Host.  Ed.  7, 

307.      1824. 

Glabrous,  or  somewhat  pubescent;  stems  simple, 
often  tufted,  y-\2'  high,  ascending,  or  erect,  an- 
gular. Basal  leaves  obovate,  or  broadly  spatulate, 
serrate  with  low  sharp  or  blunt  teeth,  at  least  above 
the  middle,  obtuse,  or  acute,  2'-/^'  long,  narrowed 
into  petioles;  stem  leaves  oblanceolate,  spatulate, 
or  obli'Ug,  sessile,  or  the  lower  petioled,  mostly 
distant;  inflorescence  a  short  raceme  or  thyrsns, 
with  clusters  of  heads  in  the  axils  of  the  leaves; 
heads  j,"-i,"  high;  bracts  of  the  involucre  obtuse 
or  acute;  achenes  pubescent. 

Alpine  summits  of  the  motintains  of  Maine,  New 
Hampshire  and  northern  New  York,  mostly  above  tim- 
ber line.    Also  in  Europe.    Aug. -Sept. 

19.   Solidago  Virgiurea  L.     European 
Golden-rod.     (Fig.  3689.) 

Solidago  Virgaurea  L.  Sp.  PI.  880.      1753. 

Somewhat  pubescent,  at  least  above;  stem  usually 
simple,  rather  stout,  i°-2°  high.  Basal  leaves  oblan- 
ceolate, broadly  spatulate,  or  obovate,  3'-5'  long,  i' 
■wide,  or  less,  obtuse  or  acute,  mostly  dentate,  nar- 
rowed into  margined  petioles;  stem  leaves  sessile,  or 
the  lower  petioled,  oblong-lanceolate  to  spatulate, 
acute;  heads  ^"-i,"  high,  in  a  narrow,  dense  or  inter- 
rupted, rarely  branched  thyrsus  which  is  often  10' 
long;  bracts  of  the  involucre  obtuse  or  acute;  achenes 
more  or  less  pubescent. 

Maine,  New  Hampshire,  Vermont  and  northern  New 
York,  mostly  at  middle  altitudes.    Also  in  Europe.    Called 
also  Aaron's-rod,  Woundwort.    Aug. -Sept. 
SoUdago  Virgjiurea  RAndli  Porter,  Bull.  Toit.  Club,  ao:  3o8- 

«893. 
More  or  less  glutinous;  sten;  stout,  often  dark  purple; 
heads  in  a  large  paniculately  branched  thyrsus.    Maine, 
I^ew  Hampshire  and  Vermont. 

Solidago  Virgiurea  Dianei  Porter,  Mem.  Torr.  Club,  5:  330.      1894. 
Solidago  Virgaurea  var.  monticola  Porter,  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  ao:  209.     1893.    Not  5.  monticola  T. 
&G.  1841. 

Stem  only  3'-i2'  high,  often  slender;  thyrsus  short,  a' -4'  long;  heads  i  ^^"-3"  high.    Mountains, 
Maine,  Vermont  and  New  Hampshire. 

SoUdago  VirgJiurea  RedflMdli  Porter,  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  ao:  300.     1893. 
Very  glutinous;  stem  i^-\M°  high;  leaves  thick;  thyrsus  paniculately  oranched,  large,  the  strict 
branches  erect-ascending.    Mt.  Desert  Island,  Maine,  and  Indian  Pass,  Adirondacks,  N.  Y, 

aa 


, 


338 


COMTOSITAE. 


[Vol.  in. 


Solidago  Viigiutea  Gillmani  (A,  Gray)  Porter,  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  30:  209.      1H93. 
Solidago  humilis  var.  Gillmani  A.  Gray,  I'roc.  Am.  Acad.  17:  191.      1882. 

Stout,  I  ^°-3°  high;  thyrsus  paniculately  branched ;  basal  leaves  very  large,  sometimes  10'  lone;, 
sharply  serrate.    Sand  liills,  southern  shore  of  I^ke  Superior.     Perhaps  not  referable  to  this  species. 

20.    Solidago  sempdrvirens  L. 

Sea-side  Golden-rod.     (Fig.  3690.) 

Solidago  sempervirena  I,.  Sp.  PI.  878.      1753. 

Stem  stout,  leafy,  usually  sitnple,  2°-8'* 
bigli,  glabrous,  or  slightly  puberulent  above. 
Leaves  thick,  fleshy,  entire,  with  a-5  pairs  of 
lateral  veins,  the  lower  and  basal  ones  oblong, 
spatulate  or  lanceolate,  mostly  obtuse,  some- 
times 1°  long,  narrowed  into  long  petioles; 
upper  leaves  sessile,  lanceolate  to  oblong- 
lanceolate,  acute;  heads 's"-^"  high  in  secund 
racemes  of  a  large  terminal  often  leafy  pani- 
cle; rays  8-10,  showy ;  bracts  of  the  involucre 
lanceolate,  acute. 

On  salt  marshes,  sea-beaches,  along  tidal 
rivers  and  in  sandy  soil  near  the  sea.  New  Bruns- 
wick to  Florida  and  Mexico.  Also  in  Bermuda. 
Called  also  Salt-marsh  Golden-rod.    Aug.-Dec. 


ai.   Solidago  oddra  Ait.     Sweet  or 

Anise-scented  Golden-rod. 

(Fig.  3691.) 

Solidago  odora  Ait.  Hort.  Kew.  3:  214.      1789. 

Slender;  stem  simple,  glabrous,  or  minutely 
pubescent  above,  2°-4°  high.  Leaves  punc- 
tate, anise-scented  when  bruised,  lanceolate, 
quite  entire,  acute  or  acuminate,  2^-4'  long, 
3"-8"  wide,  sessile,  or  the  lowermost  peti- 
oled;  heads  2"-2>i"  high,  secund  on  the 
spreading  racemes  of  the  termiinal,  usually 
ample  panicle;  rays  3  or  4,  i"-'s"  long;  bracts 
of  the  involucre  oblong-lanceolate,  acute. 

In  dry  soil.  Nova  Scotia  (according  to  Som- 
mers);  Massachusetts  to  Florida,  west  to  New 
York,  Kentucky  and  Texas.  Called  also  Blue 
Mountain  Tea.    July-Sept. 


Solidago  od6ra  inodira  A.  Gray,  Man.  Ed.  5,  244. 
1867. 
I^eaves  not  punctate,  scentless  when  bruised. 
Probably  a  mere  form. 

vx.  Solidago  tortifdlia  KU.     Twisted- 
leaf  Golden-rod.     (Fig.  3692.) 

Solidago  relrorsa  Pursh,  Fl.  Am.  Sept.  5,39.     1814. 

Not  Michx.  1803. 
Solidago  tortifolxa  Ell.  Hot.  S.  C.  &  Ga.  a:  377. 

1834. 

Stem  slender,  rough-pubescent  or  puberu- 
lent, ^''-■s°  high,  simple.  Leaves  linear  or 
linear-oblong,  often  twisted,  scabrous,  sessile, 
acute,  I'-a'  long,  i>»"-3"  wide,  obscurely 
veined  but  with  a  distinct  midrib,  the  lower 
serrate,  the  upper  entire;  heads  about  2"  high, 
secund  on  the  usually  recurved  branches  of 
the  terminal  panicle;  rays  3-5,  short;  bracts  of 
the  involucre  linear,  obtuse  or  obtusisb. 

In  dry  sandy  soil,  Virginia  to  Florida  and 
Texas,  mostly  near  the  coast.    Autumn. 


GBNUS  33.] 


THISTLE  FAMILY. 


339 


18.4. 
■  ill- 


23.  Solidago  rugdsa  Mill.     Wrinkle- 
leaved,  or  Tall  Hairy  Golden-rod. 
Bitter-weed.     (Fig.  3693.) 

5'.  rugosa  Mill.  Card.  Diet.  Ed.  8,  No.  25.     1768. 
Soliaagoallissima  Ait.  Hoit.  Kew.  3: 31  a.     1789. 

Stem  hirsute,  usually  stout,  i°-7>^°  high, 
simple,  or  branched  at  the  summit.  Leaves 
rather  thin,  more  or  less  pubescent  or  sca- 
brous, oval  or  oblong-lanceolate,  acute  or 
acuminate  (rarely  obtusish)  at  the  apex,  nar- 
rowed at  the  base,  rugosely  veined  on  the 
lower  surface,  sharply  serrate,  i'-^'  long, 
4"-i8"wide,  sessile,  or  the  lowest  sometimes 
tapering  into  petioles;  heads  1;^ '"-2'^  high, 
secund  on  the  spreading  or  recurving,  often 
leafy  branches  of  the  usually  large  and  com- 
pound panicle;  bracts  of  the  involucre  linear, 
obtuse  or  obtusish. 

Usually  in  dry  soil,  in  fields  and  along  road- 
sides, Newfoundland  to  western  Ontario,  south 
to  Florida  and  Texas.  Very  variable.  July- 
Nov. 


34.   Solidago  iistuldsa  Mill.     Pine 
Barren  Golden-rod.     (Fig,  3694.) 

Solidago  fislutosa  Mill.  Card.  Diet.  Ed.  8,  No. 

19.     1768. 
Sohdago  pilosa  Walt.  Fl.  Car.  207.    1788.    Not 

Mill.    1768. 

Stem  rather  stout,  simple,  or  branched 
above,  3°-7°  high,  hirsute.  Leaves  numer- 
ous, sessile,  ovate-oblong,  oblong-lanceolate, 
or  sometimes  lanceolate,  thick,  rough  or 
hirsute  on  the  margins  and  mid-rib  beneath, 
the  upper  small,  obtuse  or  obtusish,  entire, 
the  lower  sparingly  serrate,  obtuse  or  acute, 
i'-4'  long  with  a  broad  base;  heads  about  3'' 
high,  secund  on  the  spreading  or  recurving 
branches  of  the  panicle;  rays  7-10,  small; 
bracts  of  the  involucre,  at  least  the  outer, 
acute. 

In  moist  pine-barrens,  New  Jersey  to  Florida 
and  Louisiana.    Aug. -Oct. 


25.  Solidago  p6tula  Muhl.     Rough-    \V 
leaved  or  Spreading  Golden-rod. 
(Fig.  3695.) 

Solidatfo  tiatula  Muhl. ;  Willd.  Sp.  PI.  3:  2059. 

1804. 

Stem  stout,  rather  rigid,  usually  simple, 
glabrous,  or  sometimes  pnberulent  above,  3°- 
7°  high.  Leaves  thick,  glabrous  below,  ex- 
ceedingly rough  above,  pinnately  veined,  the 
lower  and  basal  ones  very  large,  3''-i6'  long, 
^yi'S'  wide,  oval  or  elliptic,  narrowed  into 
margined  petioles,  the  upper  smaller,  oval  or 
oblong,  aeasile,  acute,  finely  serrate,  or  the 
uppermost  entire;  heada  j,"-A''  hlgbi  Kcund 
on  the  widely  spreading  and  recurving 
branches  of  the  loose  panicle;  rays  small; 
bracts  of  the  involucre  llnear-oblong,obtn8e. 

In  swamps,  Maine  and  Ontario  to  Minnesota, 
south  to  Georgia,  Missouri  and  Texas.  Ascends 
to  sooo  ft.  in  North  Carolina.  Stem  strongly 
angled,  at  least  below.    Aug. -Oct. 


k 


340 


COMPOSITAE. 


[Vol..  III. 


26.   Solidago  ulmifdlia  Muhl.     Elm- 


37.   Solidago  Bodttii  Hook. 
Boon's  Golden-rod.     (Fig.  3697.) 

5.  Boottii  Hook.  Comp.  Bot.  Mag.  i:  97.    1835. 

Stem  glabrous,  or  puberulent  above,  slen- 
der, usually  branched  near  the  summit,  a°- 
5°  high.  I^eaves  firm,  pinnately  and  finely 
reticulatc-veiued,  the  lower  and  basal  ones 
ovate  or  oblong-lanceolate,  narrowed  into 
margined,  sometimes  ciliate  petioles,  acumi- 
nate at  the  apex,  sharply  and  rather  coarsely 
semtte,  3'-6'  long,  the  upper  smaller,  entire, 
or  finely  serrate,  sessile;  heads  i"-j,"  high, 
'secund  on  the  elongated,  spreading  or  re- 
'curving  branches  of  the  usually  ample  pani- 
cle; rays  few,  small;  bracts  of  the  involucre 
linear-oblong,  obtuse;  achenes  pubescent. 

In  dry  woods,  Virginia  to  Florida  and  Texas. 
Ascends  to  3000  ft.  in  Virginia.    July-Sept. 


leaved  Golden-rod.     (Fig.  3696.) 

Solidago  ulmi/olia  Muhl.;  Willd.  Sp.  PI.  3: 

3060.      1804. 

Stem  slender,  glabrous,  or  puberulent 
at  the  summit,  2°-^°  high,  simple,  or 
branched  above,  the  arched  branches 
puberulent  or  pubescent.  Leaves  thin, 
oblong,  acute  or  acuminate  at  the  apex 
and  base,  coarsely  and  sharply  serrate, 
pinnately  veined,  glabrous  or  sparingly 
pubescent,  the  lower  and  basal  ones 
wider,  3'-5'  long,  i'-i>i'  wide,  narrowed 
into  margined  petioles,  the  upper  smaller, 
sessile;  heads  2"-3"  high,  secund  on  the 
usually  few  and  elongated,  usually  leafy 
racemose  branches  of  the  panicle;  rays 
small,  deep  yellow;  bracts  of  the  invo- 
lucre oblong-lanceolate,  obtusish. 

In  woods  and  copses,  Maine  to  Georgia, 
west  to  Minnesota,  Missouri  and  Texas. 
Ascends  to  2100  ft.  in  Virginia.    July-Sept. 


A2ft*^ 


a8.   Solidago  Ellidttii  T.  &  G. 
Elliott's  Golden-rod.     (Fig.  3698.) 

Solidago Elliolliit.  &.G.  Fl.  N.A.  2: 218.  1841. 
Solidago  elHptica  Ell.  Bot.  S.  C.  &  Ga.  a:  376. 

1824.     Not  Ait.     1789. 

Stem  glabrous,  or  minutely  puberulent 
above,  stout,  j^-b°  high,  simple,  or  branch- 
ed at  the  inflorescence.  Leaves  firm,  ob- 
long or  oblong- lanceolate,  rafeiy  ovate-ob- 
long, acute  or  acuminate,  sessile  by  a 
broad  base,  or  sometimes  narrowed  below, 
finely  serrate,  crenate-serrate,  or  the  upper 
entire,  rough  on  the  margins,  pinnately 
veined,  glabrous  on  both  sides,  or  puberu- 
lent on  the  veins  beneath,  I'-s'  long,  4"- 
la"  wid  ;  heads  about  3"  high,  more  or 
less  secund  on  the  short,  spreading  or  re- 
curving branches  of  the  narrow  panicle; 
bracta  of  the  involucre  linear-obloag,  ob- 
tuse; rays  6-12,  short;  achenes  pubescent. 

In  swamps,  Massachusetts  to  North  Carolina 
and  Georgia,  mainly  near  the  coast  Sept. -Oct. 


GKNUS  22.] 


THISTLE  FAMILY. 


ag.    Solidago   negl6cta  T.   &  G. 
Swamp  Golden-rod.     (Fig.  3699.) 

Solidago  neglecla  t.  &  G.  PI.  N.  A.  a:  213.  1841. 
Solidago  Terrae-Novae  T.  &  G.  loc.  cit.  306.  1841? 
Stem  glabrous,  or  slightly  rough  above,  sim- 
ple, rather  stout,  2°-4°  high.  Leaves  firm,  the 
basal  and  lower  ones  lanceolate  or  oblong-lan- 
ceolate, large,  sometimes  12'  long,  acute  or  ob- 
tusish,  serrate  or  serrulate,  tapering  into  mar- 
gined petioles,  rough  on  the  margins;  upper 
leaves  smaller,  lanceolate,  acute,  sessile,  serrate 
or  nearly  entire;  heads  ly^"-'^"  high,  more  or 
less  secund  on  the  short  branches  of  the  thyr- 
soid  panicle;  rays  3-8,  small;  bracts  of  the  in- 
volucre linear-oblong,  obtuse;  achenes  glabrous, 
or  nearly  so. 

In  swamps,  New  Brunswick  to  Wisconsin,  south 
to  Maryland  and  Illinois.  Forms  with  the  heads 
little  secund  resemble  .S.  uliginosa.    Augr--Sept. 


30.  Solidago  uniligulitta  (DC.)  Porter. 
Few-rayed  Golden-rod.     (Fig.  3700.) 

Bigelovia  (?)  unitigulala  DC.  Prodr.  5: 129.    18.^6. 
Solidago  linoides  T.  &  G.  PI.  N.  A.  a:  216.      1841. 

Not  Soland. 
Solidago  neglecla  var.  linoides  A.  Gray,  Syn.  PI.  i: 

Part  2.  154-      >884- 
Solidago  uniligulata  Porter,  Mem.  Torr.  Club,  5: 

320.      1894. 

Stem  simple,  slender,  i}4''-2/4°  high,  gla- 
brous, or  slightly  pubescent  above.  Leaves 
firm,  obscurely  pinnately  veined,  lanceolate  or 
oblong-lanceolate,  finely  and  sharply  serrate, 
acute  or  acuminate,  the  lower  long-petioled, 
4'-9'  long,  4'^-g"  wide,  the  upper  sessile,  the 
uppermost  very  small  and  erect;  heads  about  2" 
high,  densely  secund  on  the  short  spreading 
or  recurving  branches  of  the  small  naked  pani- 
cle; rays  1-4;  bracts  of  i.he  involucre  linear-ob- 
long, obtuse;  achenes  glabrous. 

In  swamps,  Maine  to  New  York  and  New  Jersey. 
Aug.-Scpt. 

31.   Solidago  juncea  Ait.     Early  or 
Sharp-toothed  (k)lden-rod.   (Fig.  3701.) 

Solidago  juncea  Ait.  Hort.  Kew.  3;  213.      1789. 
Solidago  arguta  T.  &  G.  PI.  N.  A.  a:  214.      1841. 

Not  Ait.  1789. 

Stem  glabrous,  or  very  nearly  so  throughout, 
rigid,  rather  stout,  simple,  or  branched  at  the 
inflorescence,  \l4°-4''  high.  Leaves  firm,  gla- 
brous, lanceolate  or  oval-lanceolate,  acute  or 
acuminate,  serrate,  serrulate,  or  nearly  entire, 
the  lower  large,  sometimes  12'  long  and  3'  wide, 
long-petioled,  the  upper  smaller,  sessile;  heads 


i^' 


high,    secund     on    the    recurved 


branches  of  the  usually  ample  spreading  pani' 
cle;  rays  7-12,  stuall;  bracts  of  the  involucre 
oblong  or  ovate-oblong,  obtuse  or  acute; 
achenes  glabrous  or  spariogly  pubescent. 

In  dry  or  rocky  soil,  New  Brunswick  to  Hudson 
Bay  and  Manitoba,  North  Carolina  and  Missouri. 
One  of  the  earliest  flowering  species.    Called  also 
Yellow-top,  Plume  Golden-rod.     June-Nov. 
SoUdago  jiiacea  scabrMla  (T.  &  G.)  A.  Gray,  Syn. 

Fl.  a:  Part  a,  155.     18S4. 
S.argula  var.  scabrella  T.  &  G.  PI.  N.  A.  a:  214.  1841. 
Leaves  rljld,  scabrous,  especially  on  the  margins. 


Illinois  to  Wisconsin  and  Kentucky. 


342 


COMPOSITAE. 


[Vol,.  III. 


Solidago  jiincea  rambu  Porter  and  Britton,  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  18:  368.     1891. 
Much  branched  at  the  summit,  the  branches  slender,  erect,  slightly  curved,  the  heads  in  short 
small  racemes,    Maine  to  Western  New  Jersey,  West  Virginia  and  Ohio. 

3a.   Solidago  argOta  Ait.     Cut- 
leaved  Golden-rod.     (Fig.  3702.) 

Solidae:o arguta  Ait.  Hort.  Kew.  3:  313.  1789. 
5.  MuhlenberKiit.  &  G.  Fl.  N.  A.  a:  214.   1841 . 

Stem  simple,  rather  stout,  glabrous,  or 
sparingly  pubescent  above,  a°-4°  high. 
Leaves  thin,  pinnately  veined,  the  lower 
and  basal  ones  broadly  ovate  or  oval,  short- 
acuminate,  3'- 16' long,  i'-5'wide,  narrow- 
ed into  margined  petioles,  sharply  and 
coarsely  serrate;  upper  leaves  sessile,  ovate 
to  oblong,  acute  or  acuminate,  more  or  less 
serrate,  smalle';  heads  a>^"-3Ji'''  high, 
secund  on  the  lateral  racemose  branches 
of  the  terminal,  often  leafy  panicle;  rays 
5-7,  large;  bracts  of  the  involucre  oblong, 
obtuse;  achenes  glabrous  or  nearly  so. 

In  rich  woods,  Ontario  and  New  Kngland 
to  Ohio,  south  to  Virginia.  Ascends  to  2700 
ft.  in  the  Adirondacks.    July-Oct. 


33.   Solidago  rup^stris  Raf.     Rock 
Golden-Rod.     (Fig.  3703.) 
Solidago  rupesiris  Raf.  Ann.  Nat.  14.      1820. 

Stem  slender,  glabrous,  or  minutely  pubes- 
cent above,  a°-3°  high.  Leaves  thiu,  triple- 
nerved,  linear-lanceolate,  a'-s'  long,  i"-5" 
wide,  entire,  or  sparingly  serrate  with  some- 
what appressed  teeth,  acuminate  at  the  apex, 
narrowed  at  the  base,  sessile,  or  the  lowest  pet- 
ioled,  glabrous;  ^isads  small,  i}^"  high,  secund 
on  the  short  spreading  branches  of  the  small 
panicle;  rays  4-6,  shoit;  bracts  of  the  involucre 
thin,  linear;  achenes  small,  nearly  glabrous. 

Rocky  banks  of  streams,  Pennsylvania  to  West 
Virginia,  Tennessee  and  Indiana.    Aug. -Sept. 


34.   Solidago  serdtina  Ait.     L,ate 
Golden-rod.     (Fig,  3704.) 

Solidago  serolina  Ait.  Hort.  Kew.  3:  211.      1789. 
S.  gigantea  Willd.  Sp.  PI.  3:  2056.     1804.    Not  Ait. 

1789-  .  ■*»..  ^ 

Stem  stout,  3°-8°  high,  glabrous,  sometimes 
glaucons.  Leaves  lanceolate  or  oblong- lanceo- 
late, thin,  triple-nerved,  sharply  serrate,  or 
rarely  nearly  entire,  sessile,  or  the  lowest  peti- 
oled,  glabrons  on  both  sides  but  more  or  less 
rough-margined,  3'-6'  long,  a"-ia"  wide, 
acuminate  at  the  apex,  narrowed  at  the  base; 
heads  2}i"-i%"  high,  crowded  on  the  spread- 
ing or  recurving  branches  of  the  usually  large 
and  often  leafy  panicle,  which  are  sometimes 
pubemlent;  bracts  of  the  involacre  oblong, 
thin,  obtnse;  rays  7-15,  rather  large;  achenes 
finely  pubescent. 

In  moist  soil,  Newfoundland  to  British  Columbia, 
Ascends  to  2300  ft.  in  Virginia.      Aug.-Oct. 


south  to  Georgia,  Texas,  Nevada  and  Oregon. 


Gbnus  2i.] 


THISTLE  FAMILY. 


343 


With  the  type. 


Solidago  serbtina  glgantia  (Ait. )  A.  Gray,  Proc.  Am.  .\cad.  17:  i8n.     1883. 
Solidago  gigaiilfa  Ait.  Hort.  Kew.  3:  aii.     1789. 

Leaves  hispid  or  pubescent  on  the  lower  surface,  at  least  on  its  prominent  veins, 

35.   Solidago  Missouridnsis  Nutt. 
Missouri  Golden-rod.     (Fig.  3705.) 

Solidago  Missouriensis  Nutt.  Journ.  Acad.  Phila.  7; 

^■i■      i«34- 

Stem  glabrous,  rather  slender,  3°-,s°  high. 
Leaves  firm  or  thick,  those  of  the  stem  linear- 
lanceolate  and  sessile,  acuminate  at  the  apex, 
narrowed  at  the  base,  a'-4'  long,  very  rough- 
margined,  triple-nerved,  entire,  or  sparingly  ser- 
rate with  low  sharp  teeth,  the  basal  and  lowest 
ones  larger,  spatulate,  petioled;  heads  2%"-^" 
high,  secund  on  the  spreading  or  recurving 
branches  of  the  short  and  broad,  usually  naked 
panicle;  bracts  of  the  iuvolucre  oblong,  greenish- 
tipped,  obtuse,  or  the  inner  acute,  thick;  rays 
6-13,  short;  achcnes  nearly  glabrous. 

On  dry  prairies,  Manitoba  and  Minneiota  to  Ten- 
nessee, west  to  Xebruska,  Washington,  Missouri  and 
Texas,     .\utunin. 


36.   Solidago  Sh6rtii  T.  &  G. 
Short's  Golden-rod.     (Fig.  3706.) 

Solidago  Shortii  T.  &  G.  Fl.  N.  A.  a;  222.    1841. 

Stem  slender,  glabrous  below,  minutely 
pubescent  above,  ■2*'-4°  high.  Leaves  firm, 
oblong-lauceolate,  sessile  (the  lowest  peti- 
oled?), triple-nerved,  acute  or  acuminate  at 
the  apex,  glabrous  on  both  sides,  the  larger 
2'-4'  long,  5"-6"  wide,  sharply  serrate  with 
rather  small  and  distant  teeth,  the  upper 
gradually  smaller,  sparingly  serrate,  or  en- 
tire; heads  about  y  high,  secund  on  the 
usually  recurved  branches  of  the  com- 
monly large  puberulent  panicle;  involucre 
narrowly  campanulatc,  its  bracts  linear-ob- 
long, obtuse;  rays  5-7,  rather  small;  achenes 
silky-pubescent. 

On  rocks  at  the  Palls  of  the  Ohio  river  and 
in  northwestern  Arkansas.    July-Aug. 


37.   Solidago  Gattiinger  Chapm. 
Gattinger's  Goldeu-rod.     (Fig.  3707.) 

Solidago  Gatlint^eri  Chapm.;  A.  Gray,  Syn.  Fl.  i; 
Part  2,  156.      1884. 

Stem  slender,  2°-3°  high,  branched  at  the 
inflorescence,  glabrous  throughout.  Leaves  firm, 
glabrous  beneath,  rough  above,  ciliolate,  the 
lower  and  basal  ones  oblanceolate  or  spatulate, 
acutish,  3'-6'  long,  6"-io"  wide,  serrate  with 
low  distant  teeth,  narrowed  into  margined 
petioles;  upper  leaves  abruptly  smaller,  linear- 
oblong  or  oblanceolate,  bract-like,  entire,  ses-sile ; 
heads  3''''-2>^''''  high,  somewhat  secund  on  the 
spreading,  often  very  slender  and  elongated 
branches  of  the  panicle;  bracts  of  the  involucre 
oblong,  very  obtuse;  rays  6-10;  achenes  puberu- 
lent, or  glabrous  below. 

In  dry  soil,  Tennessee^and  Missouri.^  July-Aug. 


344 


COMPOSITAE. 


[Vol.  III. 


38.   Solidago  Canadensis  L.     Canada 
Golden-rod.     (Fig.  3708.) 

Solidago  Canadensis  h.  Sp.  PI.  878.      1753. 
Solidago  allissima  I,,  loc.  cit.     1753. 

Stem  stout,  puberuletit,  pubescent, or  hirsute,  3°-<S° 
high.  Leaves  lanceolate,  triple-uervcd,  acute  at  each 
end,  the  lower  ones  sharply  serrate  and  petiolcd, 
3'-6'  long,  ^"-\2"  wide,  the  upper  smiiller,  en- 
tire, sessile;  heads  ly'/'-i"  high,  very  numerous, 
secund  on  the  spreading  or  recurving  branches  of 
the  usually  large  and  dense  panicle;  brncts  of  the 
involucre  linear,  obtuse  or  acntish;  rayS9-i5;  achenes 
glabrous  or  somewhat  pubescent. 

Ilflually  in  dry  soil,  New  Brunswick  to  the  Northwest 
Territory  and  Ilritish  Cohimbia,  south  to  Florida  iitid 
Arizona.     Cn"cd  also  Yellow  weed.    Aug. -Nov. 
Solidago  Canadinils  pt6cera  (Ait. )  T.  &  G.  Fl.  N.  A?  3:* 
224.      1841. 
S.  procera  Ait.  Hort.  Kew.  3;  211.      1789. 

I^eavcs  less  serrate,  sometinips  all  entire,  cinereouH- 
pubescent  with  short  appressed  hairs.    With  the  type. 
Solidago  Canadensis  glabrita  Porter,  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  ai:  310.      1894. 
Stems  2°-4°  high,  glabrous  or  nearly  so  below,  puberulent  above;  leaves  narrowly  lanceolate, 
smooth  above,  pubiescent  on  the  vein.s  beneath;  panicles  and   heads  smaller  than  in  the  type. 
Maine  to  northern  New  York  and  Pennsylvania. 

Solidago  Canadensis  scabriiiscula  Porter,  Mem.  Torr.  Club,  $:  318.      1894. 
Solidago  Canadenstsw!.  scabra'i.Si.G.VX.'H.  K.'i-.iii,.      1841.    Not  S.  icaAra  Willd.     1801. 

Leaves  shorter,  sparingly  serrate  or  entire,  rough  above,  rugose  beneath;  heads  mostly  larger 
than  in  the  type.    New  York  and  Pennsylvania  to  Florida  and  Texas. 

Solidago  Canadensis  gilvoscanescens  Rydberg,  Contr.  Nat.  Herb.  3:  162.      1895. 
A  foot  high,  or  less,  Itafy,  cancscent,  yellowish;  leaves  remotely  serrate  above  the  middle,  or 
entire;  inflorescence  dense;  heads  smaller  than  in  the  type.    Minnesota  to  Montana  and  Kan.sas. 

39.   Solidago  nemor&lis  Ait.     Gray  or  Field 
Golden-rod.     Dyer's  Weed.     (Fig.  3709.) 

Solidago  nemoralis  Ait.  Hort.  Kew.  3;  213.      1789. 

Slender,  ashy-gray,  6'-a°  high,  finely  and  densely 
pubescent.  Leaves  thick,  roughish,  the  basal  and 
the  lower  stem  leaves  oblanceolate  or  spatulate, 
petioled,  obscurely  triple-nerved,  obtuse  or  acutisb, 
crenate-dentate,  3'-6'  long,  4"-! a"  wide;  nppev 
leaves  gradually  smaller,  oblanceolate  or  linear-ob- 
long, acute  or  acutish,  entire;  heads  2"--x>'  high, 
secund  on  the  spreading  or  recurving  branches  of 
the  terminal,  usually  one-sided  panicle;  bracts  of  the 
involucre  linear-oblong;  rays  5-9;  achenes  pubescent. 

In  dry  soil,  Quebec  to  the  Northwest  Territory,  Flor- 
ida, Texas  and  Arizona.    July-Nov. 

Solidago  nemorilis  arenfcola  Burgess 

Depresfed,  or  prostrate,  about  6'  high;  inflorescence 
dense,  flattened,  composing  most  of  the  plant.  Sand 
hills,  Cape  Cod  to  Long  Island. 


40.   Solidago  ni611is  Bartl.     Velvety 

Golden-rod,     (Fig.  3710.) 

Solidago  mollis  Bartl.  Ind.  Sem.  Goett.  5.  1836. 
Solidago  incana  T.  &  G.  Fl.  N.  A.  a:  221.  1841. 
Solidago  nemoralis  var.  incana  A.  Gray,  Proc.  Am.  Acad> 

17:  197.      1882. 

Stem  rigid,  stout,  low,  cancscent  or  slightly  scabrous, 
6'-i2'  high.  Leaves  pale,  canescent  or  rough,  entire 
or  dentate,  strongly  3-nerved,  oblong,  ovate  or  oblan- 
ceolate, the  lower  petioled,  2'-3'  long,  3"-!  2"  wide, 
very  obtuse,  the  upper  sessile,  smaller;  heads  2"-i" 
high,  somewhat  or  scarcely  secund  on  the  short 
branches  of  the  erect,  not  one-sided,  dense  thyrsoid 
panicle;  bracts  of  the  involucre  oblong,  obtuse  or 
acutish;  rays  5-9;  achenes  pubescent. 

Dry  plains,  Minnesota  to  the  Northwest  Territory,  soutH 
to  Texas  and  Mexico.    July-Sept 


•e   '4 


i 


GBNUS  32.] 


THISTLE  FAMILY. 


345 


41.   Solidago  R&dula  Nutt.     Western 
Rough  Golden-rod.     (Fig.  371 1.) 

Solidago  Radula  Nutt.  Journ.  Acad.  Pliila.  7:  lua.     1834. 

Stem  rougb-pubescent,  ratber  •lender,  i°-3°  high. 
Leaves  thick,  green,  rou){b  on  both  nides,  the  lower 
oblanceolate  or  spatulate,  dentate-crenate,  obtuse  or 
acutish,  petiolcd,  3'-8'  long,  6"-ao'''  wide,  obscurely 
3-nerved,  the  upper  smaller,  oblanceolate,  entire  or 
nearly  so,  sessile,  distinctly  3-nerved,  the  upper- 
most very  small;  heads  2"-},"  high,  secund  on  the 
short,  usually  somewhat  recurved  branches  of  the 
dense,  often  one-sided  panicle;  bracts  of  the  invo- 
lucre oblong  or  linear-oblong,  obtuse;  rays  3-7, 
very  short;  achenes  minutely  pubescent. 

In  dry  soil,  Illinois  to  Missouri,  Louisiana  and 
Texas,     Aug.-Scpt. 


43.   Solidago  rigida  L.     Stiff  or 
Hard-leaved  Ck)lden-rod.   (Fig,  37 13. ) 

Solidago  rigida  L.  Sp.  PI.  880.      1753. 

Stem  stout,  simple,  or  branched  above, 
densely  and  finely  rough-pubesceut,hoary,i°- 
5°  high.  Leaves  thick,  rigid,  ovate  to  oblong, 
pinnat'ly  veined,  often  obtuse.rough  on  both 
sides,  the  upper  sessile,  clasping,  and  rounded 
or  sometimes  narrowed  at  the  base,  I'^-a' 
long,  mostly  entire  ;  lower  and  basal  leaves 
long-petioled,  sometimes  1°  long  and  3^  wide, 
entire  or  serrulate;  heads  4"-5"  high,  many- 
flowered,  in  a  terminal  dense  corymbose 
cyme,  the  clusters  sometimes  slightly  secund; 
involucre  broadly  campanulate,  its  bracts  ob- 
long, obtuse,  the  outer  pubescent;  rays  6-10, 
large;  achenes  glabrous,  io-15-nerved. 

In  dry  sandy,  gravelly  or  rocky  soil,  Ontario 
to  the  Northwest  Territory,  south  to  Georgia, 
Texas  and  Colorado.    Aug. -Oct. 


43.   Solidago  Drummdndii  T.  &  G. 
Dtummond's  Golden-rod.    (Fig.  3712.) 

Solidago  Drummoiidii  T.  &  G.  Fl.  N.  A.  a:  217. 

1841. 

Stem  rather  slender,  i°-3°  high,  finely  sofl- 
pubeacent.  Leaves  rather  thiu,  broadly  ovate 
or  oval,  glabrous  or  nearly  so  above,  finely, 
but  sometimes  sparingly  pubescent,  or  rough- 
ish  beneath,  sharply  serrate,  acute  at  the 
apex,  narrowed  at  the  base,  3-nerved  and  pin- 
nately  veined,  petioled,  or  the  upper  sessile, 
the  larger  3^-4'  long,  i^'-a'  wide;  heads  a"- 
2}i"  high,  secund  on  the  usually  few,  spread- 
ing or  recurving  branches  of  the  panicle;  bract- 
like upper  leaves  obtuse,  or  acute,  entire;  rays 
4-6,  conspicuous ;  bracts  of  the  involucre  ob- 
long-lanceolate, obtuse;  achenes  puticscent. 

In  rocky  soil,  Illinois  to  Louisiana  and  Mis- 
souri.   Sept.-Oct. 


346 


COMPOSITAE. 


[\ou.  III. 


45.   Solidago  Ohio6nsis   Kiddell. 
Ohio  Golden-rod.     (Fig.  3715.) 

Solidago  Ohioeiisis  Riddell,  Syn.  Fl.  West. 
States,  57.      1835. 

Very  smooth  throughout ;  stem  rather 
slender,  simple,  3°-3°  high.  Leaves  firm, 
the  basal  and  lower  ones  elongated-lanceo- 
late or  oblong-lanceolate.,  obtuse,  long- 
petioled,  serrulate  toward  the  eud,  or 
sometimes  entire,  often  1°  long;  upper 
leaves  sessile,  lanceolate,  entire,  gradually 
smaller  and  those  of  the  inflorescence 
bract-like;  heads  2%"-2,"  high,  numer- 
ous in  a  terminal  compound  cyme,  15-25- 
flowered;  rays  6-9,  small;  bracts  of  the 
narrowly  campanulate  involucre  oblong, 
very  obtuse,  glabrous;  achenes  glabrous, 
5-nerved. 

r    In  moist  soil,  western  New  York  to  Illi- 
nois.   Augr.-Sept. 


44.   Solidago  multiradiita  Ait. 

Northern  Golden-rod.     (Fig.  3714.) 

Solidago  multiradiala  Ait.  Hort.  Kew.  3;  218.    1789. 

Stem  glabrous  or  somewhat  pubescent  above, 
rather  slender,  6'-i5'  high.  Leaves  firm,  gla- 
brous or  very  nearly  so,  the  basal  and  lower  ones 
spatulate  or  oblanceolate,  entire,  or  sparingly 
serrate,  obtuse,  finely  reticulate-veined,  j'-s' 
long,  3"-9"  wide,  the  upper  smaller,  narrower, 
sessile,  entire;  heads  about  ^"  high,  usually 
few  in  a  terminal  rather  compact,  corymbose 
cyme,  but  the  inflorescence  sometimes  elongated 
and  thyrsoid ;  bracts  of  the  involucre  thin,  linear- 
lanceolate,  acute;  glabrous;  rays  8-15,  promi- 
nent, linear,  achenes  pubescent. 

Lftbrador  and  Hudson  Bay  to  British  Columbia, 
south  in  the  Rocky  Mountains  to  Colorado.  July- 
Augr. 


46.  Solidago  Ridd^llii  Frank. 
Riddell's  Golden-rod.     (Fig.  3716.) 

Solidago  Riddellii  Prank;    Riddell,  Syn.    PI. 
West.  States,  57.      1835. 

Stem  stout,  glabrous,  or  slightly  pube8ceu^ 
above,  i°-2,°  high.  Leaves  numerous,  thick, 
glabrous  on  both  sides,  entire,  acute  at  each 
end,  the  lower  and  basal  ones  long-petioled, 
elongated,  lanceolate,  somewhat  triple- 
nerved,  often  1°  long,  \"-\&'  wide,  the  up- 
per smaller,  similar,  sessile  and  clasping  at 
the  base,  conduplicate,  somewhat  falcate; 
heads  j,"-i,"  high,  20-30-flowered,  very 
numerous  in  a  dense  corymlM>8e  cyme;  invo- 
lucre oblong-campanulate,  its  bracts  broadly 
oblong,  obtuse;  rays  7-9,  narrow;  achenes  5- 
nerved,  glabrons. 

On  moist  prairies,  Ohio  to  Minnesota  and 
Missouri.  Also  at  Portress  Monroe,  Va.  Aug.- 
Sept. 


CiKNI'S   JJ.] 


THISTLE  FAMILY. 


347 


47.  Solidago  Ho^ghtonii  T.  &  G. 

Houghton's  Golden-ro(l. 

(Fig-  37' 7-) 

Sotidago  HotighUmii T.  &  G. ;  A.  Gray,  Man. 
311.      1848. 

Ktem  Blender,  glabrous  below,  sparingly 
pubescent  above,  i°-3°  high.  Leaves 
linear,  the  basal  and  lower  ones  petioled, 
4'-5'  long,  2"-4"  wide,  .-^-nerved,  en- 
tire, acute  at  each  end,  the  upper 
smaller,  sessile,  slightly  conduplicate, 
otherwise  similar,  the  uppermost  small 
and  bract-like;  heads  about  ■)/'  high,  few, 
in  »  small  corymbose  cyme,  20-30- 
flowered;  involucre  broadly  campanulate, 
its  bract  J  oblong,  obtuse;  achenes  gla- 
brous, 4-5-nerved. 

In  Hwamps,  north  Hhorea  of  l,akca  Superior 
and  Huron,  and  in  Genesee  Co.,  N.  Y. 
Autumn. 


23.   EUTHAMIA  Nutt.  Gen.  a:  162.     1818. 

Erect,  paniculately-branched  herbs,  perennial  by  long  rootstocks,  with  linear  or  linear- 
lanceolate  entire  sessile  1-5-nerTed  punctate  leaves,  and  very  numerous  small  heads  of  both 
tubular  and  radiate  yellow  flowers,  clustered  in  the  large  cymose,  convex  or  nearly  flat-topped 
inflorescence.  Bracts  of  the  involucre  obtuse,  imbricated  in  several  series,  appressed,  some- 
what  glutinous.  Receptacle  flattisb,  flmbiillate,  or  pilose.  Ray-flowerg  pistillate,  usually 
more  numerous  than  the  disk-flowers,  the  rays  small.  Disk-flowers  perfect.  Anthers  obtuse 
at  the  base.  Style-branches  with  lanceolate  appendages.  Achenes  top-shaped  or  oblong, 
villous-pubescent.     [Greek,  referring  to  the  clustered  heads.] 

Four  known  species,  the  following,  and  one  of  western  North  America. 

Leaves  distinctly  .vs-nerved;  ray-flowers  12-20. 

Leaves  i -nerved,  or  with  a  pair  of  indistinct  lateral  nerves;  ray-flowers  5-10. 

Stem-leaves  2"-3"  wide:  disk-flowers  3  or  4. 

Leaves  H"-i  W"  wide;  disk-flowers  5  or  6. 


I.  E.  graminifolia. 


a.  E.  leplocephata. 
3.  E.  Caroliniana. 


>ta  and 
Aug.- 


1.   Euthamia  graminifdlia  (ly.)  Nutt.     Bushy  or  Fragrant  Golden-rod. 

(Fig.  3718.) 

Chr^socoma  gramini/olia  L.  Sp.  PI.  841.   1753. 
Sohdago  lanceolala  L.  Mant.  114.      1767. 
Euthamia  gramini/olia  Nutt.  Gen,  a:   169. 

1818. 
Solidago  gramini/olia  EU.  Bot.  S.  C.  &  Ga.  a: 

391.     1824. 

Stem  paniculately  much  branched,  or 
rarely  simple,  glabrous  but  sometimes 
slightly  rough  above,  2°-4°  high.  Leaves 
numerous,  linear-lanceolate,  acuminate  or 
acute  at  each  end,  i'-5'  long,  2"-4"  wide, 
3-5-nervcd,  minutely  rough-pnbescent  on 
the  margins  and  nerves  of  the  lower  surface; 
I  resinous  dots  few;  beads  3'^-3'^  higL,  sessile 
in  capitate  clusters  arranged  in  a  flat-topped 
corymbose  cyme;  involucre  ovoid- campanu- 
late, its  bracts  oblong  or  oblong-lanceolate, 
slightly  viscid;  rays  12-20;  disk- flowers  3- 13. 

In  moist  soil,  fields  and  roadsides.New  Bruns- 
wick to  the  Northwest  Territory,  south  to 
Florida,  Nebraska  and  Missouri.  Fragrant 
July-Sept. 


348 


COMPOSITAE. 


[Vol.  III. 


2.   Euthamia  leptoc6phala  (T.  & 

G.)  Greene.     Western  Bushy 

Golden-rod.     (Fig.  3719.) 

Solidago  leplocephala  T.  &  O.  Fl.  N.  A.  2: 
226.      184 1. 

Euthamia  Irptocephala  Greene,  Mem.  Torr. 
Club,  S:  321.      1894. 

Stem  m uch  branched,  smooth ,  I  ^ °-2 ^  ° 
high.  Leaves  linear  to  linear-lanceolate, 
acuminate  or  acute  at  each  end,  i-nerved, 
or  with  a  pair  of  indistinct  lateral  nerves, 
re  ^h-margined,  those  of  the  stem  usually 
2'-3'  long,  2"-y  wide;  heads  2"-}," 
high,  rather  narrower  than  those  of  the 
preceding  species,  sessile  in  the  clusters 
of  the  flat-topped  inflorescence;  bracts  of 
the  involucre  linear-oblong;  disk-flowers 
3  or  4;  ray-flowers  7-10. 

In  moist  soil,  Missouri  to  Louisiana  and 
Texas.    Aug. -Oct. 


Euthamia  Caroliniilna  (L.)  Greene.     Slender  Fragrant  Golden-rod. 

(Fig.  3720.) 


Carolinianum    L.    Sp.   PI.  863. 
Am.   Sept. 


Erigeron 

1753- 
Solidago  lenui/olia  Parsh,   Fl, 

540.     1814. 
Euthamia  Caroliniana  Greene,  Mem.  Torr. 

Club,  S:  321.      1894. 

Resembles  the  preceding  species  but  is 
smaller,  glebrous  and  somewhat  resinous, 
seldom  over  i^°  high.  Leaves  narrowly 
linear,  entire,  acuminate,  sessile,  narrowef". 
at  the  base,  i-nerved  or  with  an  additional 
pair  of  faint  lateral  nerves,  i'-^'  long, 
\"~2"  wide,  punctate,  often  with  smaller 
ones  clustered  in  the  axils,  the  resinous 
dots  minute;  heads  about  \)/i"  high,  very 
numerous  and  crowded  in  the  dense 
corymbose  cyme;  involucre  oblong-cani- 
panulate,  its  bracU  oblong;  rays  6-12; 
disk- flowers  4-6. 

In  dry  sandy  soil,  eastern  Massachusetts 
to  Illinois,  Plurida,  Louisiana  and  Text-s, 
mainly  near  the  coast.    Aug.-Oct. 


24.    BRACHYCHAETA  T.  &  G.  Fl.  N.  A.  2:  194.      1841. 

An  erect,  perennial  herb,  with  .e  a'pect  of  a  Golden-rod.  Leaves  alternate,  the  lower 
and  basal  ones  large,  cordate,  long-petioled,  the  upper  ovate,  shorf-petioled  or  sessile.  ,  Heads 
composed  of  both  tubular  and  radiate  flowers,  in  a  terminal  narrow  spike-like  thyrsus.''  Invo- 
lucre narrowly  campanulate,  its  bracts  coriaceous,  imbricated  in  ''  w  series,  the  outer  suc- 
cessively S'^'^ller.  Receptacle  small,  naked.  Rays  small,  yellow,  pistillate.  Dir.k-flowcrs 
perfect,  their  corollas  tubular,  somewhat  expanded  above,  s-cleft.  Anthers  obtuse  and  en- 
tire at  the  base.  Style-branches  flattened,  their  appendages  lanceolate.  Acheues  8-10- 
ribbed.  Pappus  a  single  row  of  scale-like  bristles,  shoiter  than  the  achene.  [Greek,  short- 
brisUe,  referring  1 0  the  pappus.] 

A  monotypic  genus  of  eastern  North  Americc. 


Genus  24.] 


THISVi^E  FAMILY 


I.    Brachychaeta  sphaceUta  (Raf.) 
Britton.    False  Golden-rod.   (Fig.  3721.) 

Solidago  sphacelala  Raf.  Ann.  Nat.  14.      1820. 
S.  cnrdaia  Sho<-t.  Trans.  Journ.  Med.  7:  599.      1834. 
Hrachychaela  .\.,dala  T.  &  O.  Fl.  N.  A.  a:  194.    1841. 
B.  sphacelala  Britton;  Kearney,  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  ao: 
484.     1893. 

Stem  erect,  pubescent,  simple,  or  branched 
above,  2°-4°  high.  Basal  and  lower  leaves 
broadly  ovate,  cordate  or  truncate  at  the  base, 
acute  at  the  apex,  pinnately  veined,  sharply  ser- 
rate, 3'-6'  long,  the  slender  petioles  $'-9'  long, 
stem  leaves  gradually  smaller  and  shorter-peti- 
oled,  the  uppermost  very  small  and  sessile;  heads 
about  lyi"  high,  racemose-secund  or  densely 
clustered  on  the  short  branches  of  the  narrow 
elongated  terminal  thyrsus;  braclu  of  the  invo- 
lucre oblong  or  linear-oblong,  ob;use  or  acutish; 
rays  and  disk-flowers  each  about  5. 

In  dry  wood.s,  western  Virginia  to  Indiana,  south 
to  North  Carolina  and  Georgia.    Aui;.-Sept. 

as.   APHANOSTEPHUS  DC.  Prodr,  5:  310.     1836. 

Erect  or  ascending  canescent  branching  herbs,  with  alternate  leaves,  and  rather  large 
heads  of  both  tubular  and  radiate  flowers,  solitary  at  the  ends  of  the  branches.  Involucre 
hemispheric,  its  bracts  lanceolate  or  linear,  scarious-margined,  imbricated  in  a  few  series,  the 
outer  smaller.  Receptacle  convex  or  conic,  naked.  Ray-flowers  pistillate,  white  or  purplish. 
Disk-flowers  perfect,yellow, their  corollas  tubular,  the  limb  expanded  above,5-dentate.  Anthers 
obtuse  and  entire  at  the  base.  Style-branches  flattened,  their  appendages  short,  obtuse. 
Achenes  many-ribbed.     Pappus  a  short  dentate  crown.     [Greek,  faint-crown.] 

.\bout  5  species,  natives  of  the  southwestern  United  States  and  Mexico. 

t.  Aphanostephus  skirrdbasis  (DC.) 
Trelease.     Aphanostephus     (Fig.  3722.) 

Keerlia  skirrobasis  DC.  Prodr.  $:  310.      1836. 
Leucopsidium  Arkansanum  DC.  Prodr.  6:43.      1837. 
Aphanostephus  At kansanus  A.  Gray,  PI.  Wright,  i: 

93.      1852. 
Aphanostephus skirrobasis'tre\cMC\  Coville  &  Bran- 

ner.  Rep.  Geol.  Surv.  Ark.  1884:  Part  4,  191.      1891. 

Erect,  or  diffusely  branched,  densely  canescent, 
6'-2°  high.  Basal  and  lower  leaves  spatul^ce,  ob- 
tuse,  1'-^'  long,  somewhat  dentate,  laciniate  or 
entire,  narrowed  into  marg:  -ed  petioles;  upper 
leaves  lanceolate,  oblong  or  oblanceolate,  obtuse  or 
acute,  mostly  sessile,  smaller;  heads  8"-!  2''  broad, 
i"-5"  high;  rays  numerous,  narrow,  entire; 
achenes  ribbed  and  angled;  pappus  a  lobcd  or  den* 
tatc  crown. 

In  dry  soil,  Kansas  to  Texas.  Also  in  Florida. 
May-Aug. 

26.  BELLIS  L.  Sp.  PI.  886.  1753 
Tufled  herbs,  with  branching  orscepose  stems,  alternate  or  basal  leaves,  and  rather  large 
heads  of  both  t'tbular  and  radiate  flowers,  solitary  at  the  ends  of  the  branches,  or  of  the  mono- 
cephalouB  scape.  Involucre  hemispheric  or  broadly  campanulate,  its  bract/^  herbaceous,  im- 
bricated in  I  or  2  scries,  nearly  equal.  Receptacle  convex  or  conic,  naked.  Ray-flowera 
white  or  pink,  pistillate.  Disk-flowers  yellow,  perfect,  their  corollas  tubular,  the  limb  4- 
S-toothed.  Anthers  obtuse  and  entire  at  the  base.  Style-branches  flattened,  iheir  appen- 
dages short,  triangular.  Achenes  flattened,  nerved  near  the  margins.  Pappus  none,  or  a 
ring  of  minute  bristles.     [Latin,  pretty.] 

About  9  species,  natives  of  the  northern  hemisphere.  Only  the  following  are  known  to  occur 
in  North  America,  but  2  others  are  found  in  Mexico. 

I.  B.  integrifolia, 
a.  B.  perennis. 


Stem  branched,  6'-tj'  high;  involucral  bracts  acute. 
Scapes  monocepbalous,  I'-y'  high;  involucral  bract-  obtuse. 


35° 


COMPOSITAE. 


[Vol..  III. 


i 


I.   Bellis  integrifdlia  Michx.     Western  Dai.sy. 
(Fig-  3723-) 

Jiellis  inlegri/otia  Miclix.  FI.  Bor.  Am.  a:  131.      1803, 

Slander,  diffusely  branched,  pubescent,  6'-i5'  high. 
Leaves  thin,  entire,  obtuse,  the  lower  and  basal  ones 
spatulatc,  I'-i'  long,  narrowed  into  margined  petioles, 
the  upper  smaller,  oblong,  oblauceolate  or  linear;  heads 
(^"-fS"  broad;  bracts  of  the  involucre  acute  or  acuminate, 
scarious-margined,  glabrous  or  nearly  so;  rays  usually 
violet,  oblong-linear;  peduncles  terminating  the  branches, 
2'-Y  long. 

Ill  moist  soil,  Kentucky  and  Tennessee  to  .\rkansa8  and 
'I'exas.     May-July. 


a.    Bellis    perinnis    L.     European    or 
Garden  Daisy.     (Fig.  3724.) 

Bellis  perennis  L.  Sp.  PI.  886.      1753. 

Perennial,  tufted.  Leaves  all  basal,  obovate,  ob- 
tuse, slightly  dentate,  \'-2'  long,  narrowed  into 
margined  petioles,  pubescent  and  ciliate;  scapes 
naked,  i'-~'  high,  usually  several  from  the  same 
root,  pubescent;  heads  6"-i2'"  broad;  rays  numer- 
ous, linear,  white,  pink,  or  purple;  bracts  of  the 
involucre  oblong,  obtuse,  usually  purple. 

In  waste  places.or  occasionally  spontaneous  on  lawns, 
southern  New  York  and  eastern  PennsylvHnia  to  Nova 
Scotia  and  Ontario.  FuRitive  from  burope.  Native 
also  of  Asia.  Naturalized  in  California  and  Hritish  Co- 
lumbia. Other  Knglish  names  are  Herb  Margaret,  Bwe- 
or  May-Kowan,  Childing  Daisy,  Bone-  or  Bruise-wort, 
Bone-Hower,  March  Daisy,  Rairn-wort.    April-Nov. 

27.   TOWNSENDIA  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.  Am.  a:  16.       1834. 

Tufted  Bcapose  or  branching  herbs,  with  alternate  entire  linear  or  sp^ntulate  leaves,  and 
large  heads  of  both  tubular  and  radiate  flowers.  Involucre  hemispheric  or  broadly  campanu- 
late;  bracts  imbricated  in  several  series,  the  outer  shorter.  Feceptacle  nearly  flat,  naked  or 
fimbrillate.  Ray-flowers  pink  or  white,  pistillate.  Disk-fluwers  tubular,  mostly  perfect, 
their  corollas  regular,  5-lobed.  Anthers  obtuse  and  entire  at  the  base.  Style-branches  flat- 
tened, their  appendages  lanceolate.  Achenes  of  the  disk-flowers  compressed,  those  of  the 
rays  commonly  jangled.  Pappus  a  single  series  of  rigid  bristles  or  short  scales.  [Named 
for  David  Townsend,  botanist,  of  Philadelphia.] 

About  17  species,  natives  of  western  North  America. 
Branching  from  the  base;  heads  terminal.  i.   T.  grandiflora. 

Acaulescent,  or  nearly  so;  heads  sessile  aniongr  the  leaves.  2.  T.  exscapa. 

I.  Townsendia  grandifldra  Nutt.     Large- 
flowered  Townsendia.     (Fig.  3725.) 

Toivnsendia  grandiflora  Nutt.  Trans.  Am.  Phil.  Soc. 

(U)7:3"6.      1841. 

Perennial  from  a  long  woody  root,  branching  at 
the  base  end  sometimes  also  above,  pubescent,  or 
at  length  glabrate,  2'-8'  high.  Leaves  linear  or 
liuear-spatulate,  I'-j,'  long,  i%"-i''  wide,  canes- 
cent;  heads  i'-i>^^  broad,  solitary  at  the  ends  of 
the  branches;  involucre  hemispheric,  its  bracts 
scarious-margined,  lanceolate,  conspicuously  acu- 
minate; rays  violet  or  purple;  pappus  of  the 
ray-flower  1  a  crown  of  short  scales,  that  of  the  disk- 
flowers  of  rigid  bristles  longer  than  the  achene, 
which  is  pubescent  with  3-toothed  hairs. 

In  dry  soil,  western  Nebraska  to  Wyoraingr  and  New 
Mexico.    May-Aug. 


Gbnus  27.] 


THISTLE  FAMILY. 


351 


Silky  or  Low  Townsendia. 


2.   Townsendia  exsc&pa  (Richards)  Porter. 

(Fig.  3726.) 

Asler  (?)  exscapus  Richards.  .\pp.  Frank.  Joum.   ^2. 

1823. 
Townsendia  sericea  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.  .\m.  a:  16.  pi.  iti). 

1834. 
Townsendia  exscapa  Porter,  Mem.  Torr.  Club,  5:  321. 

1894. 

Acaulescent,  or  nearly  ao,  from  a  deep  woody 
root,  tufted,  i'-3'  high.  Leaves  all  clustered  at 
the  base,  narrowly  linear  or  slightly  spatulate,  \'-i' 
long,  i."-2%"  wide;  heads  closely  sessile,  \'-i\i' 
broad,  equalled  or  surpassed  by  the  leaves;  invo- 
lucre broadly  campanulate,  its  bracts  lanceolate, 
acute,  the  inner  scarious-margined;  rays  white  or 
purplish;  pappus  of  both  ray  and  disk-flowers  a 
row  of  rigid  bristles,  those  of  the  rays  shorter  and 
smaller. 

In  dry  soil,  Northwest  Territory  to  Nebraska,  Arizona 
and  New  Mexico.    Often  silky-pubescent.    April-July. 

a8.  CHAETOPAPPA  DC.  Prodr.  5:  301.  1836. 
Annual  slender  much  branched  herbs, >ith  small  alternate  entire  leaves,  and  small  long- 
peduncled  heads  of  both  tubular  and  radiate  flowers.  Involucre  narrowly  campanulate,  its 
bracts  lanceolate,  acute  or  acuminate,  imbricated  in  few  series,  the  outer  slightly  shorter. 
Receptacle  small,  naked.  Ray-flowers  in  i  row,  pistillate.  Disk-flowers  perfect,  or  the  cen- 
tral ones  staminate,  their  corollas  5-lobed.  Anthers  obtuse  and  entire  at  the  base.  Style- 
branches  narrow,  flattened,  their  appendages  short,  obtuse.  Achenes  nearly  terete,  fusiform, 
or  linear,  5-ribbed.  Pappus  usually  of  5  rigid  awn-like  scabrous  bristles,  alternating  with 
as  many  short  scales  or  more.     [Greek,  bristle-pappus.] 

Two  known  species,  natives  of  the  southwestern  United  States.    The  genus  Disiasis  DC.  ( Cliae- 
topappa  modesta  A.  Gray),  is  liere  regarded  as  distinct. 


I.   Chaetopappa  asteroides  DC. 
Cbaetopappa.     (Fig.  3727.) 

Chaetopappa  asteroides  DC.  Prodr.  5:  301.      1836. 

Annual,  pubescent,  erect, 2'-! a'  high,  the  branches 
filiform.  Lower  and  basal  leaves  spatulate,  ob- 
tuse, yi'-i'  long,  petioled,  the  upper  linear,  much 
smaller  and  bract-like,  sessile;  heads  about  t/'  broad; 
involucre  about  i"  high,  its  bracts  scarious-margined, 
glabrous  or  nearly  so;  rays  5-12,  raised  on  slender 
tubes;  central  sterile  flowers  usually  awnless;  shorter 
scales  of  the  pappus  of  the  fertile  flowers  hyaline, 
sometimes  lacerate. 

In  dry  soil,  Missouri  to  Texas  and  northern  Mexico. 
April-July. 


ag.   BOLTONIA  L'Her.  Sert.  Angl.  27.      1788. 

Perennial  glabrous  branching  herbs,  with  striate  or  angled  stems,  alternate  entire  sessile 
or  clasping  leaves,  and  numerous  rather  large  heads  of  both  tubular  and  radiate  flowers, 
paniculate,  or  solitary  at  the  ends  of  the  branches.  Involucre  hemispheric  or  broadly  cam- 
panulate, its  bracts  scarious-margrined,  imbricated  in  few  series,  the  outer  slightly  shorter. 
Receptacle  convex  or  conic,  foveolate.  Ray-flowers  pistillate.  Disk-flowers  perfect,  their 
corollas  elongated,  5-lobed.  Anthers  obtuse  and  entire  at  the  base.  Style-branches  flattened, 
their  appendages  short,  lanceolate.  Achenes  flattened,  obovate,  their  margins  thickened  or 
narrowly  winged,  glabrous  or  nearly  so.  Pappus  a  series  of  short  scales,  usually  with  3-4 
slender  rigir'.  bristles.     [Named  for  James  Bolton,  an  English  botanist  of  the  i8th  century.] 

As  here  limited,  the  genus  consists  of  the  4  following  species,  with  perhaps  a  fifth  in  Oregon. 


353 


COMPOSITAE. 


f 


DJHk  about  2"  broad;  leaven  linear. 
Disk  3"-6"  broad;  leaves  lanceolate. 

Leaves  narrowed  at  the  base,  sessile,  not  decurrent  on  the  stem. 
Involucre-bracts  lanceolate,  acute. 
Involucre  bracts  spatulate,  obtuse,  or  mucronate. 
Stem  leaves,  and  sometimes  those  of  the  branches  decurrent,  sagittate. 


[Vol..  III. 
I.  B.  diffusa. 


a.  II.  asleroides. 

3.  H.  lalisqiiama. 

4.  //.  decurrens. 


X.   Boltonia  difTiksa  KlI.     Panicled 
Boltonia.     (Fig.  3728.) 

/lollonia  diffusa  RU.  Bot.  S.  C.  &  Ga.  a:  400.      18*4. 

Paniculately  much  branched,  2°-^°  high,  the 
branches  very  slender  or  filiform.  Leaves  linear,  or 
the  lower  linear-lanceolate,  acutish,  the  larger  I'-i' 
long,  \yi"-2"  wide,  those  of  the  branches  very  small 
and  subulate;  heads  about  2"  high;  disk  about  2" 
broad;  rays  usually  white,  \"-2"  long;  involucre 
broadly  campanulate,  its  bracts  oblong  or  oblong- 
lanceolate,  acutish  or  obtuse;  acbenes  obovate,  nar- 
rowly winged;  pappus  of  several  short  scales  and  2 
subulate  bristles  shorter  than  the  achene. 

In  dry  soil,  southern  Illinois  to  Texas,  east  to  South 
Carolina  and  Florida.    Aug. -Oct. 


a.   Boltonia  asteroides  (ly.)  ly'Her. 
Aster-like  Boltonia.     (Fig,  3729.) 

Matricaria  asleroides  L.  Mant.  116.      1767. 
Matricaria glastifolia  Hill,Hort.  Kew.  19.  pl.3.    1769. 
Boltonia  asteroides  L'Her.  Sert.  Angl.  27.      1788. 

Rather  stout,  2°-8°  high,  somewhat  cjmosely 
paniculate.  Leaves  lanceolate,  to  oblanceolate, 
sessile,  a'-s'  long,  ^"-12"  wide,  the  upper  linear- 
lanceolate,  smaller;  heads  2"-^"  high;  disk  3"-6" 
wide ;  rays  white,  pink  or  purple,  ^"-b"  long;  invo- 
lucre hemispheric,  its  bracts  lanceolate  or  oblong- 
lanceolate,  acute  or  acuminatie;  pappus  of  setose 
scales,  with  or  without  a-4  slender  bristles  nearly 
as  long  as  the  obovate  or  oval  achene. 

In  moist  soil,  New  Jersey  to  Florida,  west  to  Min- 
nesota, Nebraska  and  Louisiana.    July-Sept. 


3.   Boltonia  latisqui^ma  A.  Gray. 
Broad-scaled  Boltonia.     (Fig.  3730.) 

Boltonia  latisouama  A.  Gray,  Am.  Joum.  Sci.  (II) 
33;  238.      1862. 

Similar  to  the  preceding  species  and  perhaps 
a  variety  or  form  of  it.  Leaves  lanceolate,  acute, 
sessile;  heads  rather  larger;  rays  blue-violet ; 
bracts  of  the  involucre  oblong-spatulate,  obtuse 
or  mucronate;  papprs  of  numr  us  small  short 
broad  scales  and  a  long  bristles. 

Western  Missouri,  eastern  Kansas  and  Arkansas. 
Autumn. 


Gknus  30.] 


THISTLE  FAMILY. 


353 


4.   Boltonia  decurrens  (T.  &  G.) 

Wood.     Clasping-leaved  Boltonia. 

(Fig-  3731  •) 

Kolloiiia  glasli/olia  var.  (?)  decurrens  T.  &  G.  Fl. 

N.  A.  a:  188.      1841. 
Jlolloiiia  decurrens  Wood,  Bot.  &  Flor.  t66.      1870. 
liolionia  asleroides  vnr.  decurrens  Engelm. ;  A  Gray, 

Syn.  Fl.  1:  Part  a,  166.      1884. 

Stout,  3°-6°  high,  branched  above.  Leaves  ob- 
long-lanceolate or  elongated  lanceolate,  mucron- 
ate  at  the  apex,  those  of  the  stem  decurrent  and 
sagittate  at  the  base,  3'-6'  long,  6"-8"  wide, 
those  of  the  branches  smaller  and  merely  sessile 
or  some  of  them  also  decurrent;  heads  2}^"-^" 
high;  involucre  hemispheric;  rays  about  3''' long, 
violet  or  purple;  pappus  of  several  or  numerous 
short  scales  and  2  very  slender  bristles. 

In  wet  prairies,  Illinois  and  Missouri.    Aug. -Sept. 


30.    SERICOCARPUS  Nees,  Gen.  &  Sp.  Ast.  148.      1833. 

Erect  perennial  herbs,  with  alternate  leaves,  and  middle-sized  heads  of  both  tubular  and 
radiate  flowers,  in  terminal  cymose  panicles.  Involucre  ovoid,  oblong,  or  campanulate,  its 
bracts  coriaceous,  with  herbaceous  or  squarrose  tips,  imbricated  in  several  series,  the  outer 
shorter.  Receptacle  small,  foveolate.  Ray-flowers  white,  pistillate.  Disk-flowers  mostly 
perfect,  their  corollas  tubular,  narrow,  yellowish  or  purplish,  5-lobed.  Anthers  obtuse  and 
entire  at  the  base.  Style-branches  with  lanceolate-subulate  appendages.  Achenes  slightly 
-compressed,  linear-oblong,  i-nerved  on  each  side,  pubescent.  Pappus  of  numerous  capillary 
scabrous  bristles,  the  outer  usually  shorter.     [Greek,  silky  fruit,  referring  to  the  achenes.  ] 

Four  known  species,  natives  of  North  America.    Besides  the  following,  another  occurs  on  the 
northwestern  coast  of  North  America. 
Leaves  entire,  linear,  spatulate,  or  obovate,  rigid. 

Glabrous,  or  nearly  so;  leaves  linear  or  linear-spatulate.  i.  5.  lini/olius. 

Puberulent  or  scabrous;  leaves  obovate.  a.  5.  bi/olialus. 

Leaves  dentate,  oblong,  or  obovate,  thin.  3.  5.  asleroides. 

I.   Sericocarpus  linifdlius  (L.)  B.S.P.     Narrow-leaved  White-topped  Aster. 

(Fig-  3732-) 

Conyza  linifolia  L.  Sp,  PI.  861.     1753. 

Sericocarpus  solidagineus  Nees,  Gen.   &  Sp. 
Ast.  149.     183a. 

Sericocarpus  lini/olius  B.S.P.  Prel.  Cat.  N.  Y. 
a6.      1888. 

Glabrous  or  very  nearly  so  throughout; 
stem  rather  slender,  striate,  i°-2'/i°  high. 
Leaves  linear  or  linear-spatulate,  spreading, 
faintly  3-nerved,  thick,  entire,  obtuse  at  the 
apex,  narrowed  at  the  baae,  I'-a'  long,  i>i"- 
3"  wide,  sessile,  or  the  lowest  on  short  mar- 
gined petioles,  their  margins  scabrous;  beads 
about  j,"-t,"  high,  clustered  in  a'8-6'8  at  the 
ends  of  the  cymose  branches;  involucre  ob* 
long-campannlate,  its  bracts  oblong,  obtuse, 
the  outer  with  somewhat  spreading  or 
reflexed  green  tips,  the  inner  scarious  and 
often  lacerate  or  ciliate  at  the  apex;  rays  4 
or  5,  about  \"-l"  long;  pappus  white. 

In  dry,  usually  sandy  soil,  Canada  (accordiajr 
to  Gray),  Vermont  to  Ohio,  Georgia  and  Louisi- 
ana,   June-Sept. 


354 


COMPOSITAE. 


[Voi,.  III. 


3.   Sericocarpus  bifolidtus  (Walt.) 

Porter.     Rough  White-topped  Aster. 

(Fig-  3733-) 

Conysa  bi/oliala  Walt.  FI.  Car.  304.      1788. 
Asler  tortifolius  Michx.  Fl.  Bor.  Am.  a:  109.      1803. 
.S".  lortifolius  Nees,  Gen.  &  Sp.  Ast.  151.      1832. 
5.  bi/oliatus  Porter,  Mem.  Torr.  Club,  5:  322.      1894. 

Densely  puberulent  or  scabrous,  about  3° 
high,  the  stem  terete, or  slightly  angled.  Leaves 
sessile,  obscurely  veined,  obovate  or  broadly 
spatulate,  thick,  obtuse,  ascending  or  erect  by  a 
twist  at  the  base,  }^'~i'  long,  4"-8"  wide,  en- 
tire, mucronulate,  densely  appressed-puberulent 
on  both  sides,  the  upper  mostly  oblong,  much 
smaller;  heads  ^"s"  high,  cymoscpaniculate; 
involucre  narrowly  campanulate,  its  bracts  ob- 
long or  the  inner  linear,  pubescent,  their  tips 
somewhat  spreading;  rays  short;  pappus  white. 

In  dry  soil,  Virginia  to  Florida  and  Louisiana, 
mainly  near  the  coast.  Called  also  Rattlesnake- 
master.    July-Sept. 

3.   Sericocarpus  asterdides  (L.) 

B.S.P.     Toothed  White-topped  A.ster. 

(Fig-  3734-) 

Cony::a  asteroides  I.,.  Sp.  PI.  861.      1753. 

S.  couyzoides  Nees,  Gen.  &  Sp.  Ast.  150.      1832. 

S.  asteroides  B.S.P.  Prel.  Cat.  N.  Y.  26.      1888. 

Stem  pubescent,  orglabrate,  slightly  angled, 
i°-2°  high.  Leaves  thin,  pubescent  or  gla- 
brous, ciliate,  pinnately  veined  and  faintly 
3-uerved,  the  basal  and  lower  ones  obovate  or 
spatulate,  dentate  or  rarelj  entire,  2'-4'  long, 
i'-i>i'  wide,  narrowed  into  margined  petioles; 
upper  leaves  oblong  or  oblong-lanceolate,  en- 
tire or  dentate,  acute  or  obtuse,  smaller;  heads 
$"-(>"  high,  densely  clustered;  involucre 
campanulate,  its  bracts  oblong,  ciliate  or 
pubescent,  the  outer  with  green  reflexed  tips; 
pappus  brown  or  white. 

In  dry  woods,  Maine  to  Florida,  west  to  Ohio, 
Kentucky  and  Alabama.    July-Sept. 

31.  ASTER  L.  Sp.  PI.  872.  1753.* 
Perennial  or  rarely  annual,  mostly  branching  herbs,  with  alternate  leaves,  and  corym- 
bose or  paniculate  (rarely  racemose  or  solitary)  heads  of  both  tubular  and  radiate  flowers. 
Involucre  hemispheric,  campanulate  or  turbinate,  its  bracts  various,  imbricated  in  several 
series,  the  exterior  ones  usually  smaller  and  shorter.  Receptacle  flat  or  convex,  generally 
foveolate.  Ray-flowers  white,  pink,  purple,  blue,  or  violet,  pistillate.  Disk-flowers  tubular, 
perfect,  their  corollas  5-lobed,  usually  yellow  and  changing  to  ted,  brown,  or  purple. 
Anthers  obtuse  and  entire  at  the  base.  Style-branches  flattened,  their  appendages  subulate, 
lanceolate  or  ovate,  acute.  Pappus-bristles  slender,  numerous,  scabrous  or  denticulate,  usu- 
ally in  I  series,  sometimes  in  a  series.  Achenes  mostly  flattened  and  nerved.  [Greek,  star.] 
A  genus  of  not  less  than  250  species,  most  abundant  in  North  America,  where,  in  addition  to- 
the  following,  about  70  others  occur  beyond  our  limits.     Known  as  Asters  or  Starworts. 

A.  Basal  and  lower  leaves,  or  some  of  them,  cordate  and  slender-petioled.    (See  No.  50.) 

I .  None  of  the  stem-leaves  cordate-clasping. 

^f'  Rays  white,  violet,  or  rose. 

il  Rays  white,  or  rarely  rose,  usually  2-toothed;  plants  not  glandular. 

t  Involucre  ovoid,  campanulate  or  turbinate,  its  bracts  mostly  obtuse  or  rounded;  basal  leaves  few 

and  small,  or  commonly  none  (except  in  No.  5). 

(a)  Leaves  membranous  or  thin,  smootli,  or  nearly  so. 

Heads  shrrt-peduncled,  9"  broad  or  less,  the  disk  turning  crimson ;  leaves  acute  or  short-acuminate. 

I.  A.  carmesinus. 
Heads  long-peduncled,  9"  broad  or  more,  the  disk  turning  brown  or  reddish  brown;  leaves  long- 
acuminate. 
Heads'  <'  broad  or  more;  leaves  of  the  branches  large,  long,  lanceolate,  acuminate. 

i.  A.  lenebrosus. 
Head^  9"-t2"  broad;  leaves  of  the  branches  small,  obtuse,  or  acute.        3.  A.  divaricatus. 

^  Text  '.n  .oared  with  the  assistance  of  Prof.  Edward  S.  Burgess. 


Genus  31.] 


THISTLE  FAMILY. 


355 


4.  A.  furcatui. 


16. 
I?. 

18. 
19. 


21. 

32 


15.  A.  anotnalus. 

A.  Sliorlii. 
A.  azureus. 


cordifolius. 

l.ourieanus. 

Lindleyanus. 

Drummondii. 
sagilli/oliiis. 


(b)  Leaves  thick,  firm,  rough. 
Heads 6"-8"  hifh;  inflorescence  forkinfr- 
Heads  4"-,s"  high;  inflorescence  paniculate  or  glomerate. 

Leaves  acute, or  shortacuniinate,  pilose  beneath;  inflorescence  glomerate.  5.  A.  glomeralus. 
leaves  long-acuminate,  not  pilose  beneath;  inflorescence  open-paniculate.     6.  A.  Clayloni. 
t  t  Involucre  cylindric,  its  bracts  tapering  to  an  obtuse  apex;  basal  leaves  large,  tufted. 
Bracts  of  the  involucre  pale,  scarious,  usually  without  herbaceous  tips.  7.  .-),  curvescens. 

Bracts  of  the  involucre  broader,  with  herbaceous  tips.  8.  A.  Schrtberi. 

'i  ^  Rays  violet,  usually  j-toothed;  plants  glandular. 
t  Predominant  glands  large,  capitate;  leaves  thick,  coarse,  heavy. 
Sinus  broad;  glands  chiefly  confined  to  the  inflorescence;  plant  usually  harsh.  9.  A.  macrophyllus. 
Sinus  narrow:  glands  abundant  on  the  leaves  and  stem;  growing  plant  clammy.     10.  A.  roscidus. 
t  t  Predominant  glands  minute,  scarcely  capitate;  leaves  usually  thin. 
(a)  Inflorescence  rather  regular,  flat,  or  convex-topped;  plants  usually  less  than  a'/i"  tall. 
Sinus  broad,  shallow. 

Broader  leaves  orbicular-cordate,  their  teeth  and  the  inflorescence-leaves  inconspicuous. 

11.  A.  ianthinus. 
Broader  leaves  reniform,  sharply  incised;  some  inflorescence-leaves  conspicuous. 

12.  A.  violaris. 
Sinus  rather  deep  and  narrow;  broader  leaves  ovate-cordate,  sharply  serrate.     13.  A.  mulliformis. 
(b)  Inflorescence  very  irregular,  paniculate-corymbose;   plants  often  4°-;°  high;  broader  leaves 

large,  cordate,  acute.  .14.  A.  nobilis. 

-X-  -X-   Rays  blue  or  purple;  plant*  not  glandular. 
•  t  Bractsof  the  involucre  spreading  or  recurved;  rays3o-.t5. 

t  t  Bracts  of  the  involucre  appressed,  or  erect;  rays  8-20. 
(a)  Leaves  all  entire,  or  nearly  so,  thick,  or  Arm, 
Leaves  nearly  or  quite  glabrous  above. 
Leaves  rough-puberulcnt  on  both  sides,  the  upper  bract-like. 

(b)  Leaves  nearly  all  sharply  serrate,  thin. 
Heads  2"-^'  high,  numerous;  bracts  obtuse  or  obtusish. 

Leaves  roujh:  petioles  not  wing-margined;  bracts  appressed. 
Leaves  smooth,  or  nearly  so;  petioles,  or  some  of  them,  wing-margined. 
Heads  4"-5"  high,  u.sually  few;  bracts  acute  or  acuminate. 
Heads  3"-5"  high,  numerous;  bracts  acute  or  acuminate. 
Stem  densely  and  finely  pubescent. 
Stem  glabrous  or  nearly  so;  bract-tips  spreading. 

2.  Stem  leaves,  or  some  of  them,  cordate-clasping;  plant  rough  ivhen  dry. 

23.  A.  undulalus. 
B.  No  cordate  and  petioled  leavei;  those  of  the  atem,  or  some  of  them,  with  more  or  less  cordate  or  auticled 

clasping  bases. 
I .  Stem  rough,  or  hirsute-pubescent, 
'/c  Leaves  entire,  oblong,  linear,  or  lanceolate. 
^  Heads  i'-3'  broad;  leaves  sessile,  strongly  cordate-clasping, 
t  Stem  rough;  leaves  oblong  to  lanceolate;  involucre  turbinate. 
Leaves  thick,  firm,  very  rough,  oblong  to  oval.  24.  A.  patens. 

Leaves  thin,  roughish,  oblong-lanceolate.  2,5. 

t  t  Stem  hirsute;  leaves  lanceolate;  involucre  hemispheric.  26. 
\  \  Heads  Vi'-i'  broad;  leaves  but  slightly  clasping. 
Involucre  hemispheric,  its  bracts  glandular.  37. 

Involucre  turbinate,  its  bracts  hispid.  28. 

-X-   4:  Leaves,  at  least  the  lower,  serrate. 
Stems  usually  pilose;  bracts  very  glandular.  29. 

Stem  hispid-pubescent;  bracts  glabrous,  or  ciliate.  30, 

2.  Stem  glabrous,  or  only  sparingly  pubescent  above. 
'X  Leaves  sharply  serrate. 
^  Leaves  tapering  to  the  base. 
Outer  bracts  of  the  involucre  foliaceous.  31.  A.  tardijlorus. 

Bracts  of  the  involucre  narrow,  not  foliaceous. 

Leaves  lanceolate,  to  oblong-lanceolate,  sessile.  30.  A.  puniceus. 

Leaves  oval  to  ovate,  the  lower  often  petioled.  32.  A.  patulus. 

'i  'i  Leaves  abruptly  contracted  into  margined  petioles,  often  enlarged  near  the  base. 

33.  A.  prenanthoides. 
i  ^.  i  Leaves  strongly  cordate-clasping;  bracts  green-tipped.   34.  A.  laevis. 
'X-  -X   Leaves  entire,  or  very  nearly  so. 
},  Involucre  campanulate,  its  bracts  appressed,  green-tipped. 
t  Bracts  of  the  involucre  with  rhomboid  green  tips. 
Stem  leaves  oblong,  lanceolate,  or  oval-lanceolate.  34.  A.  laevis. 

Stem  leaves  elongated-lanceolate.  ,35.  A.  concinnus. 

t  t  Bracts  of  the  involucre  linear,  the  tips  narrower,  lanceolate;  stem  leaves  linear  or  narrowly 

lanceolate.  36.  A.  purpuratus. 

(J  'i.  Involucre  hemispheric. 
t  Bracts  of  the  involucre  narrow,  not  foliaceous. 
(a)  Bracts  in  several  series  unequal. 
Bracts  linear-subulate;  leaves  narrowly  linear. 
Bracts  lanceolate,  linear,  or  spatulate;  leaves  lanceolate  to  linear. 
Western  dry  soil  plant,  1-2°  tall;  leaves  I'-V  long. 
Eastern  swamp  plant,  2°-5°  tall;  leaves  2' -6  long. 

(b)  Bracts  in  only  1  or  2  series;  leaves  linear  to  lanceolate. 

t  t  Bractsof  the  involucre  green,  foliaceous;  western.  41.  A./oliaceus'. 
C.  Leaves  sessile,  or  petioled,  not  at  all  clasping,  or  scarcely  so. 
I .  Leaves  silky,  silvery  or  canescent  on  both  sides,  entire. 
Heads  corymbose-paniculate;  bracts  oblong;  achenes  glabrous.  42.  A.  sericeus. 

Heads  in  a  narrow  raceme;  bract:>  linear;  achenes  silky.  43.  A.  concolor. 


A .  phlogifolius. 
A.  Noi'ae-Angliat. 


A. 
A. 


oblongi/olius. 
amelhystinus. 


A.  major. 
A.  puniceus. 


37.  A.junceus. 


A.  adscendens. 
A.  Novi-Belgii. 
40.  A.  longi/olius. 


3S6 


COMPOSITAE. 


[Vol.  111. 


A.  FendUri.. 


45.  A. grandiftotus. 


46. 
47. 


A.  s/>eclabilis. 
A.  surctilosHs. 
A.  gracilis. 


Herveyi. 
.  turbinellus. 


2.  Leaves  neither  silky,  silvery  nor  canesceni,  often  toothed. 

^   Rayi  normally  purple,  blue,  pink,  or  violet ;  not  white, 

J  Leaves  bristly  ciliate,  linear,  rigid;  western  species.    44. 

i,  i  Leaves  not  bristly-ciliatc. 

t  Tips  of  tiie  involucral  bracts  stronsly  squarrose. 

Leaves  linear  to  linear-oblong,  rigid,  obtuse,  entire;  heads  a' oroad. 

Leaves  lanceolate  to  oblong,  at  least  the  lower  dentate. 

Involncre  hemispheric,  or  nearly  so;  heads  i'  broad  or  more, 
liracts  of  the  involucre  glandular. 
Bracts  of  the  involucre  ciliate,  or  glabrous. 
Involncre  turbinate;  heads  6"-9"  broad. 

t  t  Tips  of  the  involucral  bracts  appressed,  or  erect  (except  in  forms  of  No.  jo). 
(    )  Bracts  of  the  involucre  coriaceous  or  herbaceous,  oblong,  lanceolate,  or  spatulate. 
Bracts  of  the  involucre  coriaceous,  obtuse. 

Involucre  hemispheric;  leaves  oblong,  sharply  serrate;  stem  smooth.      49.  A.  Radula. 
Involucre  turbinate. 

Leaves  ovate-oblong,  the  lower  dentate;  stem  rough.  50.  A. 

Leaves  linear-oblong,  entire,  ciliolate.  51.  A. 

Bracts  of  the  involucre  her&ceous,  foliaceous,  acute;  leaves  oblong,  very  rough. 

52.  A.  Nebraskensis. 
Bracts  of  the  involucre  rigid,  lanceolate,  large,  acute;  leaves  linear.  53.  A.  paludosus. 

(b)  Bracts  of  the  involucre  linear-subulate,  membranous,  acute.    54.  A.  nemoralis, 
^  ^   Rays  mostly  white  or  nearly  so  (often  pink  or  purple  in  Noi.  55,  57,  58  and  59). 
(!  Heads  corymbose,  io"-20    broad. 
Leaves  ovate-oblong,  acuminate,  sharply  serrate;  bracts  linear-subulate.       55.  A.  aciiminatus. 
Leaves  linear,  entire,  or  nearly  so;  bracts  oblong,  obtuse.  56.  A.  ptarmicoides. 

i  'i  Heads  solitarjr  at  the  ends  of  slender  branchlets.  57.  A.  diimosus, 
'i,  'i  ^,  Heads  paniculate,  or  racemose,  4"-io"  broad. 
t  Bracts  of  the  involucre  acute  to  obtusish;  plants  glabrous  or  pubescent. 
(■)  Heads  paniculate,  not  in  i-sided  racemes. 
Stem-leaves  lanceolate,  serrate  or  entire. 
Heads  S"-io"  broad. 

Plants  glabrous,  or  sparingly  pubescent  above. 

Leaves  firm,  roughish  or  rough;  rays  often  bluish. 
Leaves  thin,  smoothish:  rays  chiefly  white. 
Plant  puberulent  all  over. 
Heads  6" -8"  broad;  stem-leaves  narrowly  lanceolate. 
Stem-leaves  linear-lanceolate  to  subulate,  mostly  entire. 
Heads  scattered,  6"-g"  broad;  upper  leaves  linear. 
Heads  numerous,  4"-7"  broad;  upper  leaves  subulate. 
Paniculately  branched,  bushy. 
Simple,  or  with  ascending  slender  branches;  northern. 

(b)  Heads  racemose  and  i -sided  on  the  branches. 
Stem-leaves  oval,  oblong,  ot  lanceolate,  serrate,  or  chiefly  so. 

Stem  pubescent  or  glabrate.  65.  A.  laterijtorus. 

Stem  villous;  leaves  narrowly  lanceolate,  thin.  60.  A.  hirsulicaulis. 

Stem-leaves  linear-lanceolate  to  linear,  nearly  entire;  stem  glabrate.  67.  A.  vimineus. 

t  t  Bracts  of  the  involucre,  at  least  the  outer;  obtu.se;  plants  very  rough. 
Heads  3"-4"  broad,  very  numerous,  densely  clustered.  68.  A.  multi/lorus. 

Heads  6"-8"  broad,  rather  loosely  clustered;  western.  69.  A.  incanopilosus. 

D.  Leaves  fleshy,  narrow,  entire;  plants  of  salt  marshes  or  saline  soil  (No.  71  sometimes  in  non-saline 

situations). 
Perennial;  heads  6"-l2"  broad;  involucral  bracts  lanceolate,  acuminate.       70.  A.  tenuifolius. 
Annuals;  heads  3"-5"  broad;  involucral  bracts  linear-subulate. 

Involucre  campanulate;  disk-flowers  more  numerous  than  the  rays;  rays  about  2"  long. 

yi.  A.  exilis. 
Involucre  cylindraceous;  disk-flowers  fewer  than  the  very  short  rays.     72.  A.  subulatus. 


58. 


61. 


A.  salici/olius. 
A.  paniculatus. 
A.  aTissotiriensis, 
A.  Tradescanti. 


6a.  A.  Faxoni. 


64. 


A.  ericoides. 
A.  Pringlei. 


I.   Aster  carmeslnus 


Burgess.     Crimson-disk  Aster.     (Fig.  3735.) 

Stems  erect,  delicate,  closely  tufted,  i^-a"  high, 
glabrous,  reddish  brown,  terete.  Leaves  all  peti- 
oled,  glabrate,  very  thin,  but  firm  and  crisp,  the 
lower  and  basal  ones  oval,  rounded,  or  with  a  small 
deep  and  rounded  sinus  at  the  base,  bluntly  acute 
or  short-acuminate  at  the  apex,  crenate-serrate,  the 
upper  ones  sometimes  ovate-lanceolate,  the  upper- 
most short-elliptic;  petioles  slender,  the  uppermost 
aometimes  winged;  inflorescence  5'  broad,  or  less, 
usually  of  about  5  convex  glomerules,  each  often 
of  10-15  short- pedunclcd  heads,  its  branches  spread- 
^*1K>  3'  long, or  less;  rays  chiefly  6,  white ;  disk  at  first 
golden  yellow,  finally  deep  purplish  crimson;  florets 
broadly  bell-shaped;  outer  bracts  obtuse,  ciliate, 
pale,  with  a  green  tip;  achenes  glabrous. 

On  f  haded  rocks,  near  Yonkers,  N.  Y.  Peculiar  in 
its  denM  giomerules  subtended  by  large  short-elliptic 
leaves,    ^ptember. 


Genus  31.] 


THISTLE  FAMILY 


a.   Aster  tenebrdsus  Burgess. 
Long-leaved  Wood  Aster.      (Fig.  3736.) 

Stems  Bolitary  or  scattered,  glabrate,  striate, 
about  3°  high.  Leaves  very  thin  aud  sniootb, 
slender-petioled,  broadly  oblong,  coarsely 
toothed  with  remote  acuminate  teeth,  abruptly 
long-acuminate  at  the  apex,  the  basal  sinus 
broad,  rounded,  shsllow,  except  in  the  lowest 
ones;  leaves  of  the  inflorescence  lanceolate, 
subcntire,  sessile,  sometimes  4'  long;  inflores- 
cence broadly  corymbose,  heads  about  \"  high, 
often  \%'  broad;  rays  usually  9-12;  disk  pale 
yellow,  becoming  purplish  brown,  the  florets 
funnelform  with  a  long  slender  tube;  outer 
bracts  chiefly  elongated-triangular,  acute,  green, 
the  others  linear,  obtusish,  the  green  tip  lance- 
linear;  achenes  generally  glabrous. 

In  moist  dark  woodlanr^s,  New  York  to  Virgnnin. 
Peculiar  in  its  large  dark  leaves  with  coarser  teeth 
than  in  the  next  species.    Aug.-Sept. 


3.   Aster  divaric&tus  L.     White 
Wood  Aster.     (Fig.  3737.) 

Aster  divaricatus  L.  Sp.  PI.  873.  1753. 
Aster  corymbosus  Ait.  Hort.  Kew.  3: 207.  1789. 
Stems  tufted,  assurgent,  flexuous,  brittle, 
terete,  i%°-i°  high,  glabrate  at  maturity. 
Leaves  thin,  snioothish,  slender  petioled, 
ovate-lanceolate,  closely  dentate  with  sharp 
teeth,  or  the  small  basal  ones  coarsely  serrate, 
acute  to  acuminate,  the  basal  sinus  moder- 
ate; leaves  of  the  inflorescence  small,  short, 
ovate  and  acute  to  orbicular,  subentire; 
corymb  broad,  flattish,  repeatedly  forked, 
the  slender  branches  long,  divergent;  heads 
9"-i2"  broad;  rays  chiefly  6-9,  linear, 
white;  disk  turning  brown;  bracts  of  the  in- 
volucre broad,  ciliate,  the  rounded  tip  with 
an  inconspicuous  green  spot. 

In  open  woo<'.land8  and  thickets,  in  rather  dry 
soil. Canada  to  Manitoba, Georgia  and  Tennessee. 
Variable;  rays  rarely  rose-purple.    Sept.-Oct. 

Alter  divaiicitus  cymuldsus  Burgess. 

Smaller,  bearing  a  single  dense  corymb  about  4'  broad,  or  several  smaller  ones;  the  branches 
short,  suberect;  acumination  of  the  leaves,  sinus,  and  teeth  conspicuous;  upper  leaves  much  re- 
duced; rays  short,  broad,  chiefly  3"-4"  long,  sometimes  laciniate.  In  grassy  openings  in  woods, 
often  in  dense  patches,  New  England  and  New  York  to  Virginia. 

Aster  divariclitus  curtifdlius  Burgess. 

Stem  erect,  reddish, smooth,  sometimes  glaucous;  ieavessniall,  duUgreen,  firm,  ovate  and  orbicu- 
lar to  reniforra,  the  sinus  broad,  rounded,  the  apex  obtuse  or  apiculate:  inflorescence  loose,  flattish; 
disks  turning  purple;  rays  about  5"  long;  green  tips  of  the  involucral  bracts  conspicuous.  In 
moist  woods.  New  York  to  Virginia. 

Aster  divaiicitus  deltoideus  Burgess. 

Delicate,  i  W  high  or  less;  lower  '-eaves  triangular,  cordate  with  a  broad  sinus  or  subtruncate, 
the  apex  incurved-acuminate;  the  teeth  large,  sharp;  petioles  often  all  filiform;  veins  directed  for- 
ward; heads  n'sarly  as  in  the  preceding  variety.  In  moist  shaded  places.  New  England  to  New 
York,  Virginia  and  Tennessee. 

Alter  divaiicitui  penjilieiia  Burgess. 

Stems  virgate,  2^°  high,  or  less;  leaves  extremely  thin,  firm,  chiefly  lanceolate-acuminate,  long 
and  narrow,  the  teeth  very  slender,  salient  or  recurved,  the  lowest  ovate  with  a  small  narrow  sinus; 
disk  maroon.    In  deep  shade.  New  England  and  New  York  to  Virginia  and  Kentucky. 

Alter  divaricitui  fontln&lii  Burgess, 

Plants  solitary;  basal  leaves  often  numerous,  tufted,  thin,  snioothish,  sharply  serrate  or  den- 
tate, 6'  long  by  4M'  broad,  or  smaller,  broadly  oval,  acute,  the  base  subcordate  or  rounded;  inflor- 
escence usually  ample,  the  long  virgate  branches  with  numerous  small  oval-oblong  leaves ;  involucre 
turbinate,  its  bracts  with  definite  green  tips.  In  springy  places  and  grassy  ditches  in  open  sunny 
situations.  New  England  and  New  York  to  Virginia. 

Alter  viridis  Nees,  remarkable  for  its  coarse  rough  basal  leaves,  and  large  oval  rhomboid  rameal 
ones,  occasional  from  New  Yo'k  and  Pennsylvania  to  Virginia,  may  prove  to  be  a  hybrid  between 
the  preceding  ?.nd  A.  macrop„yllus  L. 


r 


COMPOSITAE. 


[Vot.  III. 


4.   Aster  furcdtus  Burgess.     Forking 

Aster.  (Fig.  3738.) 
Stem  leafy,  i  ^°  high,  or  less,  loosely  forked  above. 
IvCaves  hispid  al>ovc,  bispidulous  beneath,  firm,  sa- 
liently  cut-toothed,  the  lower  ovate,  ihort-petioled, 
with  a  small  or  shallow  sinus,  the  upper  sessile,  with 
broad  laciniate  winged  bases,  often  5''  long  by  a)i' 
wide,  the  uppermost  elliptic-oblong,  often  3>j'  long; 
teeth  long  and  low,  sharp;  heads  few  (5-20),  slender- 
peduuclcd;  involucre  turbinate  to  campanulate,  with 
a  truncate  or  rounded  base;  rays  3-toothed;  disk 
turning  brown,  the  florets  funnclform  with  rather 
broad  lobes;  pappus  long,  straight;  achenes  pubes- 
cent, subangular,  not  constricted  at  the  summit. 

In  woods,  eapecially  on  xhuded  cliffs,    Illinois  and 
Missouri.     .\ugr.-()ct. 


5.   Aster  glomerMus  (Nees)  Bernh. 

Bernhardi's  Aster.     (Fig.  3739.) 

Asler  gli>mei-a!us  Bernh.  in  Nees,  Ast.  139.     1832. 
Eurybia  glomerala  Nees,  (len.  &  Sp.  Ast.  139. 

1 83  J. 

Loosely  clustered,  dull  green.  Leaves  not 
large,  mostly  short-pilose  beneath,  thickish, 
rough  above;  basal  leaves  present,  these  and  the 
lower  stem-leaves  cordate  with  a  deep  narrow 
sinus,  the  teeth  sharp,  rather  close  and  small; 
petioles  slender,  ciliatc;  upper  leaves  much 
smaller,  ovate,  truncate  with  a  short  broadly 
winged  base,  or  the  uppermost  ovate  to  lanceo- 
late, sessile,  entire;  inflorescence  compact,  of 
many  glomerate  clusters,  round-topped;  heads 
about  4"  high;  bracts  pubescent,  obtuse,  green, 
the  inner  twice  as  long  as  the  outer;  rays  about 
6,  cream-white,  short,  soon  deciduous;  disk 
turning  brown. 

In  moist  thickets  or  swamps,  especially  in  ravines 


New  York  and  Pennsylvania.    July. 


6.   Aster  Cl&ytoni  Burgess.     Clayton's 
Aster.     (Fig.  3740.) 

Similar  to  A.  divaricattts,  stems  red,  tough. 
Leaves  chiefly  ovate-lanceolate, not  large,  rough, 
thick,  slender- petioled,  coarsely  serrate,  pale,  or 
dull,  the  apex  incurved-acuminate,  the  upper 
spreading  or  deflexed,  sessile  by  a  broad  base, 
lanceolate- triangular,  serrulate;  inflorescence 
high,  with  pcrcurrent  axis,  the  long  suberect 
branches  each  bearing  a  small  umbelliform  clus- 
ter of  heads;  peduncles  filiform,  as  long  as  the 
heads,  3"-4'''long;  bracts  pale;  rays  short,  nar- 
row, chiefly  6,  snow-white;  disks  at  first  golden- 
yellow,  finally  sienna-brown;  florets  about  ao, 
achenes  densely  short-hairy. 

In  sunny  or  sliifht'.y  shaded  rocky  places,  New 
York  to  the  mountains  of  Virginia.    Sept. 
Aster  CliytOEi  crispicans  Burgess. 

Basal  leaves  often  not  cordate,  deeply  incised; 
those  of  the  stem  long-acuminate  or  even  caudate; 
sharply  serrate  with  large  acute  close  teeth,  some  of 
which  are  suberect;  chief  bracts  of  the  involucre 
acute.  On  rocky  banks,  solitary  or  in  small  clusters, 
Maine  to  New  York  and  New  Jersey. 


OBNUS31.] 


THISTLE  FAMILY. 


359 


7.   Aster  curviscens  Burgess. 
Dome-topped  Aster.     (Fig.  3741.) 

Dark  green,  chiefly  glabrous;  rooUtocka  often 
10'  long;  8teni  pale  green,  striate,  delicate,  i^°-a° 
high.  Basal  leaves  tufted,  conspicuous,  these  and 
the  lowest  stem  leaves  with  a  broad  shallow  sinus  ta- 
peling  into  a  petiole  1-3  times  as  long  as  the  blade, 
abruptly  incurved-acuminate;  middle  leaves  ovate, 
short-petiolcd,  rounded  at  the  base,  the  upper 
lanceolate,  slenderly  acuminate,  often  falcate; 
leaves  firm,  snioothish;  the  teeth  broad,  curved; 
inflorescence  small,  convex,  3'-5'  broad,  its  short 
filiform  naked  branches  widely  ascending;  heads 
4"-5"  high;  lower  bracts  short,  obtuse,  the  others 
longer,  nearly  uniform,  acarious,  shining,  linear, 
often  acute,  usually  glabrous;  rays  about  8,  cream- 
white,  about  ^"  long;  disk  becoming  purple-brown; 
pappus  early  reddening;  achenes  slender,  glabrous. 

In  loose  moist  shaded  soil.  New  England  and  New 
York  to  Virginia.    Aug.-Sept. 

Aster  curviscens  umbelUfdrmis  Burgess. 

Stem  very  smooth,  deep  red,  robust,  straight,  some- 
times y.i°  tall;  leaves  apple-green,  .smooth  when  dry, 
sparingly  toothed;  inflorescence  symmetrically  umbelliform,  decompound;   sinus  of  the   lower 
leaves  rather  deep  and  narrow.    In  grassy  woods  and  thickets,  Connecticut  and  to  Virginia. 

Aster  cunrescens  ovlfdrmiu  Burgess. 
Stem  about  2!^°  high,  leafy;  leaves  dull  green,  not  acuminate,  very  thin  but  rough,  ovate,  cor- 
date with  a  deep  narrow  sinus,  8'  long  by  4K'  wide,  or  smaller;  some  of  the  bracts  broader  and 
green-tipped;  inflorescence  smaller  and  less  branched.     Range  of  the  preceding. 

8. 


Aster  Schr6beri  Nees.     Schreber's 
Asler.     (Fig.  3742.) 

Aster Schteberi  Nees,  Syn.  Ast.  16.      1818. 

Stem  stout,  2°-3°  high,  with  long  internodes. 
Basal  leaves  often  in  extensive  colonies,  thin,  dull 
green,  firm,  rough  above,  with  scattered  slender  ap* 
pressed  bristles,  pubescent  beneath  on  the  veins, 
reuiform -cordate  or  cordate-triangular,  often  7'  long 
by  5'  wide,  the  basal  sinus  when  well  developed  rect- 
angular, 2'  across  and  1'  deep;  upper  leaves  ovate- 
oblong  to  lanceolate,  with  a  short  broad  basal  wing, 
or  sessile;  petioles  of  the  lower  leaves  long,  conspic- 
uously ciliate  when  young;  inflorescence  decom- 
pound, flatfish,  or  irregularly  convex,  S'-ii'  broad; 
heads  about  s"  high ;  bracts  greenish,  mostly  obtuse, 
ribs  and  midrib  dark  green,  oiliate;  rays  usually  la 

In  borders  of  woods,  and  along  fence  rows  in  partial 
shade,  New  York  to  Michigan  and  Virginia.   July-Aug. 


9.   Aster  macroph^Uus  L.     Large- 
leaved  Aster.     (Fig.  3743.) 

Aster  macrophyllus  L.  Sp.  PI.  Ed.  2,  1232.      1763. 

Rough;  rootstocks  long,  thick;  stem  reddish, 
angular,  2°-3'^  high.  Basal  leaves  forming  large 
colonies,  3  or  4  to  each  stem,  broad,  cordate  with 
a  large  irregular  sinus,  rough  above,  harsh,  thick, 
the  teeth  broad,  curved,  pointed,  the  petioles 
long,  narrow;  upper  stem  leaves  oblong  with 
short  broadly  winged  petioles,  the  uppermost 
sessile,  acute;  inflorescence  strigose  and  glandu- 
lar, broadly  corymbose,  irregular;  heads  5'  '-6" 
high;  peduncles  rigid,  thickish;  rays  about  16, 
S"-l"  long,  chiefly  lavender,  sometimes  violet, 
rarely  pale;  bracts  conspicuously  green-tipped, 
the  lower  acute,  the  inner  oblong,  obtuse;  disk 
turning  reddish  brown;  florets  short-lobed. 

In  moderately  dry  soil,  in  shaded  places,  Canada 
to  Minnesota  and  North  Carolina.    Aug. 


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COMPOSITAE. 


[Voi,.  in. 


Aster  maciophyllus  veliitinus  Burffcss, 

Smaller;  leaves  small,  ovate-triaiiKular,  slender  petioled,  often  truncate  at  the  base,  about  2'i' 
long  by  2'  wide,  sometimes  none  of  tliem  cordate;  glands  fewer;  pubescence  subpilose  or  velvety; 
bracts  broad,  flat,  green;  rays  violet  or  blue.  In  grassy  woods  and  thickets,  especially  in  mountain- 
ous regions,  JIaine  to  Minnesota  and  West  Virginia.     Ascends  to  2400  ft.  in  the  Adirondacks. 

Aster  macrophyllus  sejiinctus  Burgess. 

Strigosepubescent;  glands  numerous;  leaves  apple-green  above,  pale  beneath,  chiefly  cordate- 
orbicular,  abruptly  short-acuminate,  thick,  spongy,  commonly  minutely  wrinkled;  basal  leaves  fam-; 
bracts  narrow,  obtuse;  peduncles  slender;  inflorescence  dense,  convex,  4'-8'  broad,  not  leafy;  rays 
lilac.     In  open  grassy  places,  Maine  to  Peinisylvania  and  Wisconsin. 

Aster  macrophyllus  apricensis  liurgess. 

Glabrate,  branched  from  near  the  base,  the  branches  numerous,  often  18'  high;  heads  small, 
numerous;  rays  short,  pinkish  lavender;  le.."es  broad,  oval  to  ovate,  the  .teeth  and  sinus  little  de- 
veloped; petioles  often  expanded  into  a  long  wing,  sometimes  ,V  long  and  !.'  wide;  uppernio.st 
leaves  short-oblong  with  a  narrowed  sessile  base.  In  clearings  and  open  gravelly  or  sandy  places. 
New  York  and  Pennsylvania. 

Aster  macrophyllus  bifoimis  Burgess. 

Small,  stocky,  with  3  or  4  small  oval  closely  crenate  spongy-thicken 'd  lower  leaves  with  long 
slender  petioles,  the  sinus  deep,  narrow,  the  teeth  triangular  to  .semicircu  ar;  stemleaves  crowded, 
much  reduced,  subentire,  ovate-oblong,  subsessile;  inflorescence  nearly  naked,  dense,  convex, 
usually  4'  broad;  strigose  pubescence  little  developed;  rays  lilac.  In  open  grassy  sunny  situations. 
forming  small  patches,  Maine  to  Ontario  and  Lake  Erie. 

Aster  macrophyllus  pinguifolius  Burgess. 

Stems  .stout,  leafy,  glabrous,  about  ■2'^  high;  basal  and  lower  leaves  large,  forming  extensive 
patches,  deep  green  above,  very  jiale  beneath,  many  of  them  appearing  greasy,  some  roughening 
in  drying;  petioles  fleshy,  sometimes  9'  long:  inflorescence  broad,  flat-topped;  heads  large:  rays 
lavender  to  almost  white;  only  the  upper  leaves  sessile.  Borders  of  woods,  Connecticut  and  I.ong 
Island  to  Minnesota. 

Aster  macrophyllus  excelsior  Burgess. 

Stem  robust,  glabrous,  often  4°  tall,  purple,  or  glaucous;  leaves  mostly  very  smooth,  pale,  nu- 
merous, narrower,  cordate-oblong  to  ovate-lanceolate,  chiefly  sessile;  rays  deep  lilac  to  violet. 
Along  paths  and  borders  of  rocky  woods,  Ontario  and  western  New  York  to  Micliigan. 


10.   Aster  roscidus  Burgess. 


Dewy-leaf  Aster.  (Fig.  3744.) 
Clammy-hairy,  odorous,  copiously  glandular 
when  young,  somewhat  so  at  maturity;  stem  3° 
high,  or  less.  Basal  leaves  in  close  colonies, 
coriaceous,  the  earlier  ones  cordate-ijuadrate, 
low-serrate,  the  sinus  deep,  narrow,  the  later, 
or  winter  leaves  elliptic,  long-petiolcd,  often 
prostrate,  often  5'  long;  stem  leaves  chiefly  or- 
bicular and  not  cordate,  with  short  broadly 
winged  petioles,  rarely  slender-pet'oled;  inflor- 
escence convex,  sometimes  irregular;  involucre 
hemispheric,  its  bracts  chiefly  with  rounded 
ciliatc  tips,  rays  14-16,  broad,  clear  violet;  disks 
at  first  golden  yellow,  soon  turning  red;  pappus 
long,  white,  copious. 

In    slight    shade  and    rich    cleared  woodlands, 
Maine  to  Pennsylvania  and  Michigan.    Aug. -Sept. 


II.   Aster  ianthinus  Burgess.     Violet 
Wood  Aster.     (Fig.  3745.) 

Glandular,  dark  green,  slightly  strigosc-pubes- 
ceni.  Stem  erect,  or  decumbent,  2°-3°  tall;  leaves 
thinnisb,  rough,  the  lower  and  basal  ones  orbicular 
to  oblong,  5'  long,  or  less,  abruptly  acuminate,  low- 
serrate  or  crenate;  the  sinus  broad,  open,  shallow, 
upper  leaves  sessile  by  a  narrowed  base,  crenate- 
scrrate;  inflorescence  open,  nearly  naked,  pedun- 
cles slender,  divergent;  beads  large;  rays  10-13, 
long,  very  deep  violet  or  sometimes  pale,  4"-6" 
long;  bracts  green-tipped,  little  pubescent. 

On  shaded  banks  and  along  woodland  paths,  Maine 
to  Lake  Erie  and  West  Virginia.    July-Oct. 


Gents  31.] 


THISTLE   FAMILY 


^ 


\ 


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12.    Aster  violaris    Burgess.     Violet-leaf 
Aster.     (Fig.  3746.) 

Cauilex  thick,  fleshy;  plant  glabrate,  bluish  green, 
minutely  glandular.  Stem  slender,  erect,  or  as- 
surgent,  2°  high,  or  less;  basal  and  lower  leaves 
broadly  reniforni,  abruptly  acuminate  or  apiculate, 
often  }>'  long  by  4'  wide,  their  slender  petioles  6'- 
S'  long,  the  sinus  very  broad  and  shallow;  ijiiddle 
stem  leaves  similar,  not  cordate;  the  upper  numer- 
ous, long-elliptic,  chiefly  with  narrowed  bases,  all 
thin,  firm,  rough  above;  inflorescence  leafy,  small, 
loose,  rather  narrow  and  high,  paniculate-corym- 
bose, nearly  level-topped,  its  slender  branches  with 
nearly  opposite,  oblong  leaves;  heads  6"  high,  or 
more;  rays  12-15,  pale  violet,  narrow. 

In  shaded  moist  places,  sometimes  in  leaf-mold 
iimonp  rocks.  New  York  from  the  Hudson  to  Lake  Ivrie. 
Sept.-Oct. 


13.   Aster  multiformis  Burgess. 
Various-leaved  Aster.     (Fig.  3747.) 

Deep  green,  minutely  glandular.  Stem 
erect,  slender,  i°-2°  high,  angular-striate  in 
drying.  Basal  leaves  usually  2,  large,  thick, 
cordate-oblong,  often  accompanied  by  later 
smaller  oblong  ones;  stem  leaves  very  thin, 
sharply  serrate,  rough  above,  minutely  puber- 
ulent  beneath,  the  lower,  ovate,  acuminate, 
usually  with  a  narrow  sinus,  the  upper  oval 
to  ovate-lanceolate,  petioled,  the  uppermost 
elliptic-lanceolate,  serrulate,  sessile  or  nearly 
so;  inflorescence  small,  its  branches  upwardly 
curved;  heads  about  7"  high,  rays  about  13, 
rounded  and  refuse  at  the  apex;  bracts  green, 
glands  few,  almost  hidden  by  the  minutely 
strigose  pubescence  of  the  peduncles. 

In  moist  shaded  places,  Maine  to  western  New- 
York,  Pennsylvania  and  Maryland.    July-Aug. 


14.  Aster  nobilis  Burgess.     Stately 
Aster.     (Fig.  3748.) 

Tall,  minutely  glandular  above,  stem  shining, 
bright  green,  4°-5°  high.  Leaves  thin,  but 
firm,  smooth  in  growth,  roughened  in  drying, 
minutely  puberulcnt  beneath,  dark  green,  basal 
and  lower  leaves  large,  the  blade  often  9'  long 
by  6'  wide,  about  as  long  as  the  stput  petiole, 
sharply  toothed,  the  sinus  deep,  broad,  or  the 
lobes  overlapping;  stem  leaves  similar,  the  up- 
per oblong-lanceolate,  sessile;  inflorescence  ir- 
regularly cymose-paniculate,  with  small  subu- 
late recurved  leaves;  bracts  long,  acute,  green; 
heads  6"  high,  or  less;  rays  13-15,  violet-blue  or 
pale  violet;  disk- flowers  not  numerous,  their 
corollas  funnelform  with  a  long  capillary  tube. 

In  leaf-mold.  Lake  Champlain  to  Lake  Erie. 
Aug. 


v\ 


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;62 


COMPOSITAr, 


[Vor,.  III. 


i6.    Aster  Shortii  Hook. 

AsterShorlii  Hook.  I-'l.  lior.  Am.  2:  9.      i8,U- 

Stem  roughish  or  smooth,  slender,  panicu- 
lately  branched  above,  2°-4°  high.  I,eavcs 
thick,  glabrous  or  nearly  so  above,  finely 
and  sparingly  pubescent  l)eneath,  the  lower 
and  basal  ones  ovate  or  ovate-lanceolate, 
cordate  at  the  base,  acute  or  acuminate  at 
the  apex,  slightly  dentate,  or  entire,  2'-6' 
long,  i'-2'  wide,  borne  on  slender  naked 
petioles;  upper  leaves  lanceolate,  entire,  ses- 
sile or  short-petiolcd,  not  cordate,  those  of 
the  branches  small  and  bract-like;  heads 
numerous,  $"--"  high;  involucre  broadly 
carapanulate,  its  bracts  linear,  aoite,  puberu- 
lent,  imbricated  in  several  series,  their  green 
tips  appressed;  rays  10-15,  linear,  violet-blue, 
5"-6"  long;  pappus  tawny. 

On  banks  and  alonj;  cdpfs  of  wnods,  western 
Pennsylvania  to  Virginia  and  ('■(iorifia,  west  to 
Illinois  and  Tennessee.     .Sept. -Oct. 


15.    Aster  anomalus   Ivngelni. 
Many-rayed  Aster.     (Fig.  3749.) 

Aster  oiiomn/ns  Ungelni. ;  T.  vS:  O.  I'l.  X.  A.  2: 

503.      1843. 

Stem  rough,  rather  stout,  branched  above, 
l°-3°high.  I.eavesthin,  the  lower  and  basal 
ones  deeply  cordate,  ovate,  or  ovate-lanceo- 
late, entire  or  slightly  repand,  rough-pubes- 
cent on  both  surfaces,  acute  or  acuminate  at 
the  apex,  3'-4'  long,  I '-2'  wide,  on  slender 
nake<l  petioles;  upper  leaves  shortpetioled 
or  sessile,  lanceolate,  oblong,  or  linear,  much 
smaller;  heads  few,  .\"-6"  high,  I2"-I5" 
broad;  receptacle  hemispheric,  its  bracts 
lanceolate,  acute,  or  acuminate,  hirsute,  im- 
bricated in  several  scries,  their  foliaceous 
tips  spreading  or  reflcxed;  rays  30- 43,  5"-6" 
long,  bright  violet-blue;  pappus  whitish. 

On  limustone  clilTs,  Illinois  to  Missouri  and 
Arkansas.     Sei)t. 


Short'. s  Aster. 


17.    Aster   azureus   Lindl.     Sky-blue 
Aster.     (Fig.  3751.) 

Asler  azureus  I.indl.;  Hook.  Comp.  Bot.  Mag.  i: 

<)8.     1S33. 

Stem  slender,  stiff,  rough,  branched  above, 
i°-4°  high.  Leaves  thick,  usually  all  entire, 
scabrous  on  both  sides,  the  lower  and  basal  ones 
cordate,  ovate,  ovatc-lanccolate,  or  lanceolate, 
acute,  acuminate,  or  obtusish,  2'-6'  long,  with 
slender  naked  often  pubescent  petioles;  upper 
leaves  short-petiolcd  or  sessile,  lanceolate  or 
linear,  those  of  the  branches  reduced  to  small 
appressed  bracts;  heads  numerous,  .^"-5"  high; 
involucre  turbinate,  its  bracts  glabrous,  linear- 
oblong,  abruptly  acute,  imbricated  in  several 
series,  their  green  tips  appressed;  rays  10-20, 
bright  blue,  3"-4'''  long;  pappus  tawny. 

On  prairies  ami  alontf  borders  of  woods,  western 
New  York  to  Georifia,  west  to  Minnesota,  Missouri 
and  Texas.     Aug.-Oct. 


<".i:Nfs  ,u.] 


THISTLE   FAMILY. 


363 


•higb; 


18.  Aster  cordifolius  L.   Common 
Blue  Wood  Aster.     (Fig.  3752.)  ' 

Asler  (Oiililoliiis  \^.  Sp.  PI.  875.      175,3. 

.Stem  glabrous  or  nearly  so,  much 
braaclicd,  bushy,  i°-s°  high.  Leaves 
thill,  rough,  more  or  less  pubescent  with 
scattered  hairs  above  and  on  the  veins 
beneath,  sharply  serrate,  acuminate,  the 
lower  and  basal  ones  slendcr-petioled, 
broadly  ovate-cordate,  2'-$'  long,  the 
upper  short-petioled  or  sessile,  ovate  or 
lanceolate,  smaller;  petioles  scarcely  mar- 
gined; heads  very  numerous,  small,  i"-y," 
high,  ii"-9"  broad,  handsome;  involucre 
turbinate  to  cylindric,  its  bracts  oblong- 
linear,  obtuse  or  obtusish,  green-tipped, 
apprcssed;  rays  10-20,  :-,"-\"  long,  violet 
or  blue,  sometimes  pale  (rarely  white); 
jiappus  whitish. 

Woods  and  tliicktls.  New  Druiiswick  to 
Jlinuisdla,  ("■torgia  and  Mi.ssouri.  Sept.- 
Deo. 

Aster  cordifolius  Furbishiae  FernaUl,  Proc.  Portland  Soc.  Nat.  Hist.  2:  129.     1897. 

Siiniliir;  stem  and  petioles  densely  villous,  the  leaves  somewhat  so  beneath.     Northern  Maine. 
Aster  cordifolius  polycephalus  Porter,  Bull.  Torn  Club,  21:  120.      iSo). 

Moil-  robust  and  nuire  branched  than  the  type;  leaves  smaller,  often  rou^h  only  when  dry,  the 
upper  ones  sussile,  oviUe;  panicle  large;  heads  usually  smaller,  very  numerous;  rays  deep  blue,  or 
jjaler.     Massachusetts  and  eastern  Pennsylvania  to  Virginia. 

Aster  cordifoUus  alvearius  Hurgess. 

Leaves  lliin,  usually  smoothish,  cordate,  trianuular-lanciolate,  or  broader;  inflorescence  dense, 
Ihyrsoid.  not  leafy,  in  form  resend)linff  that  of  the  lilac:  bracts  Hnear,  acute;  heads  mediun\  sized; 
rays  blue.     On  sliaded  banks,  Massachusetts  to  North  Carolina  and  Tennessee. 

Aster  cordifohus  pedicellatus  liurgess. 

Stem  leafy,  often  4"  high;  leaves  thin,  the  lower  ovate,  cordate,  the  upper  ovate-lanceolate,  or 
those  of  the  liranches  elliptic  and  subentire;  inflorescence  looselj-  pyramidal,  often  2  '  high  and  \\:'^ 
broad,  its  ultimate  branchlets  long  and  often  naked;  heads  large,  9"  broad,  or  nicjre,  often  5"  high; 
rays  chiefly  purple  blue;  bracts  obtuse.     In  moist  wood  borders,  Ontario  to  \'iiginia  and  Kiiitucky. 

19.    Aster  Lowrieanus  Porter. 
Lowrie'.s  Aster.      (Fig.  3753.) 

As/er  cofdi/oliiis  var,  lari'iffa/iis  Porter,  Bull. 
Torr.  Club,  16:67,      '^^9-     -^'o'  -''•  laeviga/iis 
Lam,  178,^. 
As/i'r  Lourieaiius  Vovicr,  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  21: 
121.      1894. 

Glabrous,  or  very  nearly  so  throughout; 
stem  branched,  I "-4'^  high.  Leaves  thickish, 
firm,  a  little  succulent,  the  basal  sleuder-peti- 
okd.  ovate  to  ovate-lanceolate,  cordate,  acute 
or  obtusish,  serrate,  2'-6'  long,  those  of  the 
stem  ovate  to  oblong,  often  cordate,  con- 
tracted into  winged  petioles,  the  uppermost 
lanceolate;  heads  usually  not  very  numer- 
ous, 2lj'''-3"  high,  loosely  paniclcd;  involu- 
cre turbinate,  its  bracts  obtuse  or  obtusish, 
apprcssed;  rays  light  blue,  3"-4''  long,  'nit 
variable  in  length. 

In   woods,   Comiecticut  .lud    southern    New 
York  to  Pennsylvania,  Ohio,  Virginia  and  Ken- 
tucky.    .Sept. -Oct. 
Aster  Lowrieanus  lancifolius  Porter,  Mem.  Torr.  Club,  5:  325.      1S94, 
A.trordiY-'liii.s  var.  lanceolalus  Porter.  Bull.  Torr.  Club,i6:68,    1889.    Not^.  lanceolalitsWMA.    1S04. 
Leaves  U\uceolate,  apprcssed  serrate,  only  the  basal  ones  cordate.     Southern  New  York  and 
Peunsvlvauia.  ,   ,  „ 

Aster  Lowrieanus  BickneUii  Porter,  Mem.  Torr.  Lluh,  5;  32,^.      i8'i4. 
Aslcr  lordi/olins  var.  tncisiis  Britton,  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  19:  224.     1S92.     Not  ,1.  nuisiis  Fisch.    1S12. 
Leaves  all  lanceolate,  all  sharply  serrate,  or  the  lowest  incised,  usually  none  of  them  .-ordate. 
.Southern  New  York  and  Pennsylvania. 


364 


COJiroSITAK. 


[Vol..  HI. 


Tall, 


20.    Aster  Lindleyanus  T.  iS:  Ci.     I.iiuUey's  Aster.     (Fig.  3754.) 

.\^li-i  LiiidliyiDiiis  T.  S:  C.  I''l.  N.  .\.  2:  uj.  jS.|i. 
Slciii  iisually  stout,  glabrous,  or  sparii\).;ly 
pubescent,  l^-.sU"  liij;li,  branchcil  above. 
Leaves  rather  thick,  jjlabrous,  or  slightly  pul)us- 
cent,  especially  on  the  veins,  tlie  lower  and 
basal  ones  cordate  at  the  base,  shar])ly  serrate, 
ovate,  acute  or  acuminate,  J'-.|'  long,  with 
slender  naked  petioles;  upper  leaves  ovate, 
ovatedanceolate,  or  lanceolate,  less  serrate,  or 
entire,  sessile,  or  with  margined  ]ictioles.  those 
of  the  branches  lanceolate  or  linear-lanceolate, 
smaller;  heads  usually  not  numerous,  4"  5" 
high;  involucre  broadly  turbinate  or  nearly 
hemispheric,  its  bracts  linear-lanceolate,  acute, 
rather  loosely  imbricated,  glabrous,  or  nearly 
so,  their  tips  green;  rays  i(i-2ci,  blue  or  violet, 
.i"-5"  long;  pappus  nearly  white. 

In  open  places,  I.ahradcir  tn  tlie  Nurtlnvc^t  Tuiri 
tory  and    Uritisli    Columbia,   -outli    lev   Maine   and 
MicUijran.     .VuK. -net. 
Aster  Lindleyamis  eximiiis  HiirKcss. 
sonutinics  ;■'   liigli;  Uaves  thick,   usually  rougli  and   striKusc  pid)csceiit  above,  almost 
glabrous  beneath;  inflorescence  widely  branched,  loosely  paniculate,  ol'lrn  over  2'  lontj;  rays  bluish 
purple;  heads  nearly  1'  broad;  bracts  linear,  abruptly  acute.     New  Hampshire  toOliioaml  Virginia. 

21.    Aster  Drummondii  Liiull.     Druin- 

moiul'.s  A.ster.     (Fig.  3755.  ) 
Asirr  Di  Kintiioiitlii  Lindl.  in  Mock.  Comp.  Hot.  Mag. 

1:97.      18.VS. 

Stem  usually  stout,  finely  and  densely  canes- 
ceut,  branched  above,  2''-5'^  high.  Leaves  mostly 
thin,  ovate  or  ovavc-lanceolatc,  acuminate,  rougli 
above,  canescent  beneath,  the  lower  and  basal 
ones  cordate,  witli  slender  naked  petioles,  sharply 
toothed,  2'-4'  long,  the  upper  cordate  or  rounded 
at  the  base,  usually  on  margined  petioles,  those  of 
the  branches  sessile  and  entire  or  nearly  .so,  much 
smaller;  heads  ?,"-.\"  high,  rather  numerous  on 
the  racemose  branches;  involucre  turbinate,  its 
bracts  linear,  slightly  pubescent,  acute  or  acutni- 
nate,  their  green  tips  appressed;  rays  8-1.=;,  blue, 
2)"-A"  lo"g;  pappus  whitish. 

In  dry  soil,  borders  of  woods  and  on  prairies,  t)hio 
to  Jlinnesota,  Arkansas  and  Te.\as.     .Sept. -Oct. 


22.  Aster  sagittifolius  Willd.      .Xnow- 
leaved  Aster.     (F'ig.  3756.) 

Aslei  sdf^i/tini/iiis  Willd.  .Sp.  I'l.  3;  2o;5.      lSo.(. 

Stem  stout,  or  slender,  strict,  glabrous,  or 
sparingly  pubescent  above,  2°-5°  high,  panicu- 
lately  branched  at  the  inllorescence, the  branches 
ascending.  Leaves  thin,  slightly  roughened, 
or  glabrous  above,  usually  glabrate  beneath, 
the  lower  and  basal  ones  cordate  or  sagittate, 
ovate- la  olate,  sharply  serrate,  acuminate,  ;'- 
6'  long, with  slender  naked  or  narrowly  margined 
pctiol-js;  up*--  leaves  lanceolate,  s.'-sile,  or  on 
short  and  usually  margined  petioles,  serrate  or 
entire,  those  of  the  branches  very  small;  heads 
2^2"-4"  high,S''-i<i"  broad,nun)erous,crowded, 
racemose;  involucre  turbinate,  its  bracts  linear- 
subulate,  ;,dabrous  or  nearly  so,  their  tijis  green 
and  slightly  spreading;  rays  10-15,  light  blue  or 
purplish,  ,',"-4"  long;  pappus  whitish. 
In  dry  soil,  New  Bnuiswick  to  North  Dakota,  New  Jersey,  Kentucky  and  Missouri.   Aug.-(  »ct. 


I 


ifil 


VtKnts  31.] 


TIII.STLK   FAMILY. 


365 


Aster  sagittifolius  dissitiflorus  BtirKess. 
nilfiis  from  tlif  typical  roriii  of  tin-  spei-ies  in  its  l)ro;uU'r  looser  pynmiidal  innortscenci-,  the 
soiiu what  laiKtr  ami  loiiKir  peduncled  heads,  the  leaves  less  serrate,  ol'teii  mine  cordate.     New 
York  to  I'lorida,  Mississippi  and  Oklalioina. 

Aster  sagittifolius  urophyllus  ( I.indl. )  Burgess. 
.I.Wrr  iiiv/i/iji/lis  I.illdl.;  DC.  I'rodr.  5:  23;,.     iS;,6. 

Leaves  pilose  bencatli  during  growth,  persistently  so  on  the  veins,  roilffh  ahove,  lanceolate,  acu- 
niinat( ,  the  lower,  or  all  of  them,  cordate;  stem  often  ,=; '  tall,  the  narrow  inllorescence  sometimes  v' 
lonn;  lu  ads  aliont  ,i"  hiRli;  rays  white,     t'.rassy  thickets  and  river-banks.  New  York  to  Minnesota. 

23.  Aster  undulatus  L.     Wavy-leaf  Aster 

Aslri  iiiuiiilatus  I,.  .Sp.  IM.  .S75.      1753. 

Stem  stiff,  very  roiij;li  and  pubescent, 
divaricately  branched  above,  i°-3'.°  liiKli- 
Leaves  usually  thick,  rough  on  both  sides, 
pubescent  beneath,  dentate,  undulate  or  en- 
tire, acute  or  acuminate,  the  lowest  and  basal 
oues  ovate,  cordate,  2'-^'  long,  with  naked 
or  margined  petioles;  middle  ones  ovate, 
lanceolate  or  oblong,  with  margined  petioles 
dilated  and  clasping  at  the  base,  the  upper 
sessile  or  clasping,  those  of  the  branches 
small  and  subulate;  heads  numerous,  race- 
mose and  often  secuiid  on  the  spreading 
branches,  about  4"  high,  .S"-i()"  broad;  in- 
volucre broadly  turbinate,  its  bracts  linear- 
oblong,  pubescent,  acute  or  acutish,  their 
green  tips  appressed;  rays  8-15,  pale  blue  to 
violet,  3"-5"  long;  pappus  whitish. 

In  dry  soil.  New  lirunswick  and  Ontario,  south 
to  I'"lorida,  Alab.inia  and  .Xrkansas 
.Small     Fleabane     and 
Sept.  Oct. 

Aster  undulatus  abruptifolius  liurgess. 

Tall  3  -,s    high;  leaves  rouRlier,  chiefly  short-ovate,  sessile,  entire  and  about  2'  lonp,  i ' 
inflorescence  pyramidal;  he.ids  much  darker,  more  crowded.     New  Ungland  to  Virginia. 

Aster  undulatus  lorifoimis  liurgess. 

Predominant  leaves  greatly  elongated,  linear-oblong  to  linear-lanceolate,  often  6'  long,  with  the 
clasping  base  narrowed  or  broadened,  only  a  few  of  the  lower  on»s  contracted  into  winged  petioles; 
plant  little  pubescent  at  tn.aturity.     Kastern  Massachusetts  to  V;.ginia  and  Pennsylvania. 
^  ^  Aster  undulatus  torquatus  liurgess. 

Leafy,  S'-i4'  high,  dark  green,  short-downy;  leaves  small,  very  short  and  broad,  close  together, 
entire,  their  b.ases  clasping  the  stem  as  a  succession  of  collars  often  )i'  in  diameter;  lowest  leaves 
petioled;  inflorescence  much  branched,  paniculate.     Martha's  Vineyard,  Mass.,  to  Long  Island. 

Aster  undulatus  triangularis  liurgess. 

Tall,  leafy,  3°-7'^  high,  pale;  pubescence  slight;  leaves  hispid  above,  ovate-triangular,  acumi- 
nate, chiefly  2' -3'  long,  ",'  broad  and  sessile.     New  Y'ork  to  South  Carolina. 


Called  also 
Various-leaved    Aster. 


broad ; 


Aster  patens  Ait. 


lyate  Purple  Aster.     (Fig.  3758.) 

Asler  paleiis  Ait.  Hort.  Kew.  3-  201.      1789. 

Stem  slender,  rough,  i°-3°  high,  diver- 
gently branched.  Leaves  oyatc-oblong  to 
obloug-laiiceolate,  rough  or  pubescent, 
thick  and  somewhat  rigid,  strongly  cor- 
date or  auriculate-clasping  at  the  broad 
base,  entire,  acute,  or  the  lowest  obtuse, 
I '-3'  long,  those  of  the  branches  much 
smaller  and  bractlike,  the  margins  rough- 
ciliate;  heads  1'  broad  or  more,  solitary  at 
the  ends  of  the  branches;  involucre  broadly 
turbinate,  its  bracts  linear-oblong,  finely 
pubescent  or  scabrous  and  somewhat  glan- 
dular, imbricated  in  several  series,  their 
green  acute  tips  spreading;  rays  20-30, 
purplish-bli'C,  or  deep  violet,  ^"-6"  long; 
pappus  tawny;  achenes  pubescent. 

In  d'.y,  open  places,  Massachusetts  to  north- 
ern New  York  and  Minnesota,south  to  Florida, 
I,oui(  iana  and  Texas.  Reported  from  Canada. 
Known  also  as  Purple  Daisy.    Aug. -Oct. 


\^ 


COMPOSITAE. 


[Vol..  111. 


25.  Aster  phlogifolius  Muhl.     Thin- 
leaved  Purple  Aster.     (l*"ig.  3759.) 

.•(.  />lili',iiif\>liiis  Mulil.:  WilUl.  .Sp.  I'l.  3:  jc'it      l>oi. 

Aslcr  f>aliiis  var.   f>lil(>i;i/i>liiii  Nci-s,  Gin,  &  Sp. 
A  St.  .(ij.       l>i,^2. 

Siinilnr  to  tlie  preceding  species,  usually  t.-iller. 
Leaves  laiger,  lanceolate  to  oblong-lanceolate, 
entire,  thin  or  nicnibratious,  acuminate  at  the 
apex,  strongly  auriculate-clasping  at  the  base, 
roughish  iibove,  pubescent  beneath,  usually 
narrowed  below  the  middle,  .sometimes  (>'  long; 
heads  usually  nnmcrous,  i''-2'  broad,  panicled, 
or  somewhat  racemose  on  the  branches;  bracts 
of  the  involucre  lanceolate,  glabrate,  rather 
loose,  with  herbaceous  tips;  rays  numerous, 
purple-blue. 

In  wockIs  and  thickets,  New  York  to  Oliii 
Carolina  and  Tennessee.     Aug.  Sept. 


X.iilh 


26.    Aster  Novae-Angliae  L.     New 

Kngland  Aster.     (Fig.  3760.) 

AslerXi>vae-A>ii;Haf  I,.  Sp.  PI.  875.      175,^, 

A.  rose II. s  Desf.  Cat.  lldrt.  I'aris,  Ivd' ,i,  401.'    1S12. 

Stem  stout,  hispid  pubcsceut,  corymbosely 
branched  above,  2°-.S°  high,  very  leafy. 
Leaves  lanceolate,  entire,  rather  thin,  acute, 
pubescent,  2'-5Mong,  6"-i2"  wide,  clasping 
the  stem  by  an  auriculate  or  broadly  cordate 
base;  heads  numerous,  i'-2'  broad,  clustered 
at  the  ends  of  the  branches;  involucre  hemis- 
pheric, its  bracts  linear-subidate,  somewhat 
unequal,  green,  spreading,  pubescent  and 
more  or  less  glandular,  viscid;  rays  40-50, 
linear,  5"-S"  long,  violet-purple,  rarely  pink 
or  red,  or  white;  aclienes  pubescent;  pappus 
reddish-white. 

In  fields  and  along  swamps,  Quebec  to  the 
Northwest  Territory,  south  to  South  Carolina. 
Missouri,  Kansas  and  Colorado.  One  of  the  must 
beautiful  of  the  gtiuis.     .\ug.-Oct. 


27.    Aster  oblongifolius  Xutt.     Aro- 
matic Aster.     (Fig.  3761.) 

Aslcr  ubli>iif^i/oli IIS  N'utt.  Gen.  2:  I,s6       iSiS. 
Asler  obloiigi/'oliiis  var.  n'i;ittiitiis  A.  Gray,  Syn. 

Kl.  I.     I'art'2,  179,      18S4. 

Stem  much  branched,  hirsute-pubescent, 
I°-2/4°  high,  the  branches  divaricate  or  as- 
cending. Leaves  crowded,  oblong,  or  oblong- 
lanceolate,  sessile  by  a  broad,  partly  clasping 
base,  usually  rigid,  entire,  acute  or  inucronu- 
late  at  the  apex,  rough  or  hispidulous  on  both 
sides,  rough-margined,  those  of  the  -stem  i  '-2' 
long,  2'''-4''''  wide,  those  of  the  branches  gradu- 
ally smaller;  heads  corymbose,  nearly  i' 
broad;  involucre  hemispheric,  its  bracts  much 
imbricated,  glandular,  aromatic,  linear  or  lin- 
ear-oblong, the  acute  green  tips  spreaditig;  rays 
20-30,  violet-purple,  rarely  rose-pink,  2>"-5" 
long;  pappus  light  brown;  achencs  cauesceut. 

On  prairies  and  bluffs,  central  Pennsylvania  to 
Minnesota  and  Nebraska,  south  to  Virginia.  Ten- 
nessee and  Texas.     Plant  odorous.     Aug.-Oct. 


Gl'UNlS  31.] 


TIIISTLK  FAMILY. 


3^>7 


I 


28.    Aster  amethystinus  Xutt. 
Amethyst  Aster.     (Fi^-  3762.) 

Astir  ainiilivslhuis  Null.  Trans.  Am.  I'liil.  Soc.  (II  i  7: 
294.      i8.|i'. 

Resciiililes  the  preceding  species,  but  is  often 
taller,  sometimes  5  liigli.  Leaves  often  crowded, 
linear-lanceolate,  entire,  rongli  or  liispidnlous  on 
l)otli  sides,  partly  clasping  at  the  .sessile  base,  acute 
at  the  apex,  those  of  the  stent  \'-i'  long,  2"-;/' 
wide;  heads  rather  numerous,  racemose  or  corym- 
bose, '/i'-  i'  broad;  involucre  broadly  turbinate,  its 
bracts  much  imbricated,  linear,  liispid,  not  gl.'Uidu- 
lar,  the  acutish  green  tips  spreading;  rays  2t>-y\ 
blue-p\irple,  about  3"  long;  pappus  brown;  achenes 
canescent. 

In  moist  soil,  Massaclnisitts  to  southern  New  Vurk, 
eastern  Pennsylvania,  Illinois  and  luwa.     .Sept. -Oct. 


>\'. 


29.   Aster  major  (Hook.)  Porter.     Great 

Xortherii  Aster.     (Fig.  3763.) 
As/cr  Ciialascliensis  var.  major  Hook.  I'l.  Hor.  .\m. 

,2:7.  iS.Vl. 
Aslcr  Diinicstus  I, null.;  Hook.  Uic.  cit.  '^.  iSj). 
Ashr  majus  Porter,  Mem.  Turr.  Club.  5:  325.  1S94. 
Stem  stout,  leafy  to  the  summit,  usually  densely 
pilose-pubescent  with  many-celled  hairs,  rarely 
glabrate,  branched  above,  4°-6 '  high.  Leaves 
membranous,  lanceolate,  partly  clasping  by  .1 
narrowed  base,  acuminate  at  the  apex,  sharply 
serrate  with  low  distant  teeth,  dark  green  and 
slightly  pubescent  above,  villous-pubescent  on  the 


veins  beneath,   3'-5'  long,  5' 


wide;    heads 


mostly  solitary  at  the  ends  of  short  branches,  ly^' 
brop.d;  involucre  hemispheric,  its  bracts  little  im- 
bricated, green,  linear-subulate,  densely  glan- 
dular; rays  35-4.=!,  purple,  5"  7"  long;  .achenes 
appressed-pubescent;  pappus  tawnj-. 
In  moist  soil,  wistcrn  Ontario  to  Dakota,  Oregon  and  liritish  Columbia.     Sept. -Oct. 

30.    Aster  puniceus  I^.     Red-stalk  or 
Ptirple-stem  Aster.     (Fig.  3764.) 

Asler  piiiiiiciis  I,.  Sp.  PI.  S;5.      17,53. 

Stem  usually  stout,  reddish,  corymbosely  or 
raceniosely  branched  above,  hispid  with  rigid 
hairs,  3°-!^'  high.  Leaves  lanceolate  to  obloug- 
lauceolate,  acuminate,  sessile  and  clasping  by  a 
broad  or  narrowed  base,  sharply  serrate,  or  some 
of  them  entire,  usually  very  rough  above,  pubes- 
cent on  the  midrib  beneath,  3'-6'long,  ji'-i^i' 
wide;  heads  generally  numerous,  I'-l^j'  broad; 
involucre  nearly  hemispheric,  its  bracts  linear 
or  oblong,  attenuate, imbricated  in  about  2  series, 
glabrous  or  ciliate,  green,  loose,  spreading, 
nearly  c(iual,  sometimes  broadened;  rays  20- 
40,  violet-purple  or  pale,  5"-7"  long,  showy; 
pappus  nearly  white;  achenes  pubescent. 

In  swamps,  Nova  Scotia  to  western  ( lutario  and 
Minnesota,  soutli  to  North  Carolina,  ( )liio  and 
Jlichigan  Called  .ilso  Early  Purple  Aster,  Swan- 
weed,  Cocasli,  Meadow  Scabish.     July-Nov. 

Aster  puniceus  firtnus  (Nees)  T.  iS:  < 
As/er  /irmtis  Nees,  Syn.  Ast.  25.     1S18. 
Asler  piiniciiis  \Ar.  laevicaiilis  A.  Gray,  Syn.  1-"1.  i:  Part  2,  ig,";.      1884. 

Stem  sparingly  liispid,  or  glabrous,  2^-5°  high;  leaves  sharply  serrate.    With  the  type. 


f 


368 


COM  POSIT  A  K. 


[Vol..  III. 


Aster  puniceiis  lucidulus  A.  Ciiay,  Syii.  I'l.  i:  I'ait  j,  ii)>      1SS4, 
.Is/i-r/iiiiiliii  Wiuihr.  I'Uini.  12:  I'ait  1,  ICrj?!)!.  25.       iSj.,.     Xcit  Mociicli    lS,,2. 

Slim  iK.irly  nr  qiiiti-  k1''i'"<iiih;  leaves  erowileil,  entire,  or  nearly  so,  thin,  glabrous  or  slii-iilly 
roMRli  pubescent.      (Jufbce  to  New  Iviitjlantl.  Ontario  and  Mieliinaii, 


31 


Aster   tardiflorus    L.     Xortheasieru 
Aster.     (Fig.  3765.) 

.■l\/ri  /u/i/i/!i'rii.s  I„  .Sj)    I'l.  ICil.  2.  I2,u.       T'lv 

Stem  glabrous,  or  slightly  puliescent  above, 
c'oiytnbosely  branched  near  the  suiniiiit,  1^-,^" 
high.  Leaves  lauceolate  or  obloiig-laiiceolate, 
serrate  with  low  teeth,  or  some  of  them  entire, 
iicuminatc  at  the  apex,  narrowed  into  a  clasping 
base,  glabrous  or  nearly  soon  both  sides,  roughish- 
niargined,  3'-6' long,  4"-i(i"  wide;  heads  about 
1'  broad,  not  very  numerous,  involucre  hemis- 
pheric, its  outer  bracts  broad  and  foliaceous,  often 
6"  long,  acute,  somewhat  unequal;  rays  20-30, 
violet;  pappus  nearly  white;  acheties  pubescent. 

.•\IoiiK  streams.  Maf-sacluisetts  to  Labrador.  Closely 
related  to  the  preceding  species.     Aug.  Oct. 


32.    Aster  patulus  lyain.     Spreading 
Aster.     (Fig.  3766.) 

Aster  f^aluliis  I.ani,  ];ncycl.  i:  ,?o8,      178,^ 

Pubescent,  or  nearly  glabrous;  stem  i°-4°high. 
Leaves  oval,  ovate,  or  oblong-lanceolate,  sharply 
and  irregularly  serrate,  rather  tliiu,  acute,  acumi- 
nate, or  blunt  at  the  apex,  the  lower  3'-6'  long, 
\'-2}/i'  wide,  narrowed  into  margined  petioles, 
the  upper  sessile  and  somewhat  clasping;  heads 
numerous,  panicled,  about  i'  broad;  involucre 
campanulate,  l"-i\"  high,  its  bracts  linear  to  lin- 
ear-lanceolate, acuminate,  not  foliaceous,  loosely 
imbricated  in  3  or  4  series,  the  outer  shorter  than 
the  inner;  rays  violet-purple  or  rarely  white. 

New  Brunswick  to  New  Hamp.sliire,  Also  called 
Smooth  Red-steiti  Aster.    Sept. 

33.  Aster  prenanthoides  Miilil. 
Crooked-stem  Aster.     (Fig.  3767.) 

Asler  prenanthoides  Muhl,;  Willd,  Sp,  PI.  3:  2046. 
1S04, 

Stem  glabrous,  or  pubescent  in  lines  above, 
flexuous,  much  branched,  i-'-2°  high.  Leaves 
thin,  oblong  to  ovate-lanceolate,  sharply  and 
coarsely  serrate,  scabrous  above,  glabrous  or 
nearly  so  beneath,  3'-6'  long,  ()"-\%"  wide, 
acuminate  at  the  apex,  abruptly  narrowed  below 
into  a  broad  margined  entire  petiole,  the  base 
auriculatc-claspiug;  heads  usually  numerous, 
i'  broad  or  more;  involucre  hemispheric,  its 
bracts  linear,  acute,  green,  spreading,  imbri- 
cated in  3  or  4  series,  the  outer  shorter;  rays 
20-30,  violet,  4"-6"  long;  pappus  tawny; 
achencs  pubescent. 

In  moist  soil,  Massachusetts  to  Wisconsin,  south 
to  West  Virginia,  Kentucky  and  Iowa.    Aug,-Oct. 
Aster  pienanthoides  ponectif61iu8  Porter,  Mem.  Torr.  Club,  5:  326.     1S94. 
Leaves  narrowly  lanceolate,  much  elongated,  sometimes  8'  long,  gradually  contracted  into  an 
entire  clasping  base,      Pennsylvania, 


<."ti:.M  s  ;i. 


THI.STI,U   I'AMIIyY 
Aster. 


34.    Aster  laevis  I,.     Smooth 
(1-ig.  3768.) 

AsU'i  liir:ii  I,.  S|i.  I'l.  S76.      175,^. 

Stem  usually  stout,  (,'lnl)rous,  often  glaucous, 
2°-4  ImkIi.  ')iaiicliC(l  or  simple.  Leaves  thick, 
enure,  or  serrate,  glabrous,  slightly  roUKli-mar- 
V;lMe4,  the  upper  all  sessile  anil  stronj^ly  eor- 
ilate-cLispinj,',  obl(ing-Iaueeolate,oblaiu'eolatc  or 
mate,  acute  i>r  obtusish,  i'-4'  lonj;,  4"-2'  wide, 
tlu'  basal  and  lower  >;radually  narmwed  into 
\viiii;ed  petioles,  those  of  the  branches  often 
small  and  br.ictdikc;  heads  usually  numerous, 
about  1 '  broad;  involucre  campanulate,its  bracts 
ri).;id,  acute,  apjircssed,  jjrcen-tippcd,  imbricated 
in  several  series;  rays  15  ;,o,  blue  or  violet;  pap- 
\t\\>  tawny;  achencs  j.;labrous  or  nearly  so. 

I'-uallyiti  dry  sciil,  M.iiiu  ami  Cliitarin  to  rcini 
^ylv.uiia  and  I.dui^i.uia,  wisl  to  tile  Nortluvist  'Per- 
rit'iiyiiiid  Mis-^nuri.      .Sipl.-dcl. 
AsttT  laevis  amplifolius  I'drtir,  Mem.  Torr.  Club,  5: 

.Stout,  -nuuwhat  lk->.liy;  leaves  broadly  ovate,  iiar- 
Kiwid  toward  tlie  liasi',  slrouKly  clasping,  Mass.i- 
clnwi.ll- 1(1  I  a>itini  IViui-ylv.uiia,  Minnesota  .nul  Mi-soini. 

Aster  laevis  Potomacinsis  HuiKCss. 
I.iiwer  stem  leaves  abruptly  contracted  into  wiuKcd  iietioks,  sharply  serrate:  heads 
ally  raci  nmsc;  urecu  lips  of  llii  bracts  broad,  couspicilous.     Maryland  and  \'ir({iiiia. 


lew,  iisu- 


35.    Aster  concinnus  WilUl.       Xarrow- 

leaved  .Sinoolli  A.stcr.     (Fig.  3769.  ) 
AsIc)  (Oiui)iini^  Wind,  liiunn.  SS).      i8i«)- 

Similar  to  narrowdeavcd  forms  of  .  Is/rr  /arz'is, 
.i;labrous,  or  sparingly  pubescent  above;  stem 
[lauiculately  branched,  l°-3°  liigb.  Leaves 
light  green,  lanceolate  to  linear,  entire,  or  some- 
times serrulate,  the  upper  sessile,  somewhat 
clasping,  i'-,^'  long,  the  lower  and  basal  ones 
spatulate,  or  oblong,  narrowed  into  margined 
petioles,  sometimes  coarsely  toothed;  heads 
usually  numerous,  about  i'  broail;  bnicts  of  the 
involucre  witli  rhomboid  acute  herbaceous  tips; 
rays  violet  to  purple. 

New  York  and  IVnnsylvaina  to  Viininia.  North 
Carolina  1?)  and  .\rkansas. 


36.    Aster  purpuratus  Nces.     Sotitheni 

Smooth  .\ster.     (Fig.  3770.) 

.■Is/ri  :  ii\i;i!/iis  Kll,  Hot.  S.  C.kV  Oa.  2:.55,^      iS2|.     Not 

Moeticli,    iNij. 
.-1.  fill i/iin  a/iis  Nees.  C,en.  S:  Sp.  .\st.  iiS.     iS,;-'. 

vStem  slender,  glabrous,  simple,  or  branched 
above,  l,'^  -,V  liigb.  the  branches  sometimes  pu- 
beriilcnt.  Leaves  firm,  glabrous,  dark  green,  entire, 
the  upper  sessile  and  clasping  at  the  base,  elon- 
gated-lanceolate or  linear-lanceolate,  acuminate, 
2'-6'  long,  2"-4"  wide,  the  lower  and  basal  ones 
petioled,  oblong-lanceolate,  obtusish,  those  of  the 
branches  very  small;  heads  rather  few,  loosely 
paniculate,  S"-i2'''  broad;  involucre  campp-nilate, 
to  turbinate,  its  bracts  coriaceous,  linear,  ?  ;  ssed, 
green-tipped,  acute,  imbricated  in  several sc.^s,  the 
outer  shorter;  rays  5-10,  blue  or  violet,  y's"  long, 
pappus  tawny;  achenes  glabrous. 

Virginia  and  West  Virginia  to  Ceorgia  and  Texas. 

24 


i 


Aug. -Sept. 


370 


COMroSlTAl; 
37 


[Vol..    III. 

Rii>li  .\>ter. 


Aster  jiinceus  Ait. 
( iMR.  ;,77i.j 

.U/fi   inini'iis  Wi.  Holt.  Kiw.  3:  2k\.      i-S.,. 

.Stem  very  slciulor,  gliljroii^,  or  niiiiiitely  pul)es- 
ceiit  above,  sinijile  or  little-  branclieil,  1^-.;°  ImkIi. 
I.L'iives  firm,  ^l.ihroiis,  narrowly  liiit'ar,  entire,  or 
soinclitnes  with  ,1  few  distant  tietli,  acute  or 
acuminate  at  the  apex,  sessile  by  a  broad  claspiu),' 
and  often  sli^'litly  I'oril.itcbase,  ;/  (>'  lotij,',  I  !."-.|" 
wide;  heads  p.miculate,  rather  distant,  about  i' 
broad;  involucre  hcniisi)lR'ric,  about  ;, ''  hiK''.  its 
bracts  glabrous,  linear-siil)nlate,  very  acute,  imbri- 
cated in  ,1  or  t  series,  the  outer  shorter;  rays  violet 
to  nearly  white,  .("-.s"  lonn;  pappus  pale. 

In  swamps  anil  bogs,  Nova  Scotia  lo  the  Northwest 
Territory,  south  to  New  Jersey,  Ohio,  Wisconsin  ,ind 
in  the  Rocky  Mountains,     July-.Sept. 


38.    Aster  adscendens  Lindl. 
Western  Aster.     (Fig.  ,,772.) 

A.  (7i/,((V»(/c;/\I,iii(ll.;  I  took.  V\.  Hor.  .\ni.  2:,s.     iS^^j. 

Stem  slender,  ri),'id,  glabrous,  or  sparingly 
hirsute-pubescent,  branched  or  simple,  6'-2' 
high.  Leaves  firm,  entire,  rough-margined, 
sometimes  ciliolate,  those  of  the  stem  line.ir- 
lanceolate  or  linear-oblong,  acute  or  ol)tusish, 
i'-,;'  long,  2"-$"  wide,  sessile  by  a  more  or 
less  chisping  base  ;  basal  leaves  spatulate,  nar- 
rowed into  short  petioles;  heads  not  numerous, 
about  I 'broad;  involucre  hemispheric,  its  bracts 
imbricated  in  3-5  series,  oblong-linear  or  spatu- 
late, their  tips  obtuse  or  obtusish,  slightly 
spreading,  the  inner  often  mucronulate;  pappus 
nearly  white;  acliencs  pubescent. 

On  prairies  and  moist  banks,  western  Nebraska 
to  W'yoniinjf ,  Montana  and  the  Northwest  Territury, 
west  to  Coloradii,  New  Mexico  and  Nevada. 
Sept. 


July 

39. 


Aster  Novi-Belgii  L.     New  York 
-Vster.     (Fig.  3773-) 

.  \sh-i  A'o-././lr/Q-ii  I,.  Sp.  PI.  s;-.      i-,s;,. 
Aslfr  I  on  If  i  foil  IIS  A.  tiray,  Man.  VA.  i,  2;;.     iS'i;.     Not 
r.ani.    irS'v 


.Stem  slender,  usnaliy  much  branched,  glabrous, 
or  slightly  pubescent  above,  1^-3-  high.  Leaves 
lanceolate,  oblong-lanceolate,  or  linear-lanceolate, 
firm,  entire,  or  slightly  serrate,  glabrous,  or  very 
nearly  so,  acuiniuate  at  the  apex,  narrowed,  sessile 
and  more  or  less  clasping  at  the  base,  2'  s' long, 
j^'-S"  wide,  the  lowest  pctioled;  heads  corymbose- 
paniculate,  usually  numerous,  io"-i5"  broad;  in- 
volucre hemispheric,  to  campanulate,  its  bracts  lin- 
ear, acute,  green,  somewhat  spreading,  in  3-5 
series,  the  outer  shorter;  rays  15-25,  violet,  .4"-5" 
long;  pappus  whitish;  achenes  glabrous  or  nearly  so. 
In  swamps,  Newfoinidland  to  Maine  and  Georgia, 
mainly  near  the  coast.  Ang.-Oct. 
Aster  Novi-Belgii  litoreus  \.  Ciray,  Svn.  l'"l.  i:  I'ait  2, 
i8g.      18S4. 

I.ow  and  spreading;,  more  or  less  fleshy,  much  branched;  leaves  shorter,  broader,  tliickish, 
acute,  i'-2'-'  long;  princijjal  bracts  of  the  involucre,  obtuse,  loose,  sp.itulate.  Along  salt-niarslRS, 
Prince  Edward  Island  and  Quebec  to  (ieorgia. 

Aster  Novi-Belgii  elodes  (T.  &  G.  1  A,  Gray,  .Syn.  Kl.  i:  Part  2,  Kio.      18S4, 
Aster  elodes  T.  &  G.  Kl.  N.  A.  2:  i,^6.      iS.p. 

Leaves  narrowly  linear-lanceolate,  often  elong.ated  to  4-6  inches;  bracts  of  the  involucre  acute. 
In  moist  ground,  southern  New  York  to  North  Carolina,     Probably  specifically  distinct. 

Aster  Novi-Belgii  Atlanticus  Burgess. 
Leaves  lanceolate,  tapering  fnmi  the  middle  to  an  acuminate  base  and  apex,  sometimes  i'  wide; 


CiKNlS  .V] 


TIIISTI,!'    I'AMII.V. 


Xol 


i'  wide; 


luads    iisuiiUy   fcwtl ;    inllnrescciici    raii  iiii)>,i  loiymbdsi .     Iti   ^liadi d   swaiiii)s,   M.i— -acluist  U>  li' 
Xurlli  Caidliiia. 

Aster  Novi-Belgii  Brittonii  Iliu^'i---. 
Leaves  thick;  heads  slmrl  iiedumled,  racemose  sjjiiiiti  toward  the  i ml-  of  the  luaiielies;  (,'reeii 
tips  of  the  bracts  short.     Massaehusetls  to  soiitlu  astern  New  York  and  \'ir(;inia,  near  the  coast. 

40.  Aster  longifolius  I.aiii.     I.uiig- leaved 
Aster.     (Imr.  3774J 

.t\/ri  /o)i,i,'i/'ii/iiis  I.ani.  I^iicycl.  1:  ,vi'>.      iT'^.l. 

Stem  ulabroiis,  or  somewhat  puhescctit,  leafj-, 
paiiiciilately  branched,  1  .;  hi^h.  Leaves  lan- 
ceolate to  linear-lanceolate,  entire  or  nearly  so, 
acuminate  at  the  apex,  narrowed  into  a  sessile 
claspinj;  usually  sli^jhtly  cordate  base,  j'  ^'  loUKi 
2"-6''  wide;  heads  .ather  numerous,  about  i'  broad; 
involucre  hemispheric,  i"-,i"  high,  its  bracts  j;la- 
brotis,  narrow,  ^reeu,  acute,  imbricated  in  only 
I  or  2  scries,  nearly  equal;  rays  numerous,  about 
.\"  lonj{,  violet  or  pale  purple;  pap|)us  pale. 

In  swamps  and  moist  uromul,  Latirador  to  the  Xnrlli- 
west  'reniloiy,  south  to  northern  New  Ivntjhind,  Onta- 
rio and  MoiUaiia.      Summer, 
Aster  longifohus  villicauhs  A.  Ciray,  Syn.  I'l.  i:  I'ait  ;. 

IM).         18S4. 

Sti-m  densely  wliite-villo\is;  leaves  narrowly  limar- 
latucolate,  the  mid  rib  villous  beneath;  heads  fewer, 
lonj.;  peduneU'd;  rays  dark  violet.  Northern  Maine  .■iiid 
New  liruiiswick. 

41.    Aster  foliaceus  I,imll.     Leafy- 
bracted  Aster.     ( l'i>;.  3775.) 

y\slf>  /i'liiirrii.s  Lindl.  in  DC.  Trodr.  5:    22s.      lS;,s. 

.Stem  usually  stout,  sparingly  pubescent  in 
lines,  2°-;,^  high,  branched  above,  the  branches 
ascending.  Leaves  rather  thin,  oblong-lanceo- 
late, acute  at  the  apex,  entire,  or  with  a  few  small 
distant  teeth,  glabrous  t)n  both  sides,  very  rough- 
margined,  2'-.|'  long,  /z'-i'wide,  the  upper  all 
strongly  clasping  at  the  base,  the  lowest  petioled; 
heads  corymbose-paniculate,  tuimerous,  1 '  broad  or 
more;  involucre  hemispheric,  its  bracts  green,  Iblia- 
ceous,  oblong,  innoronate,  the  inner  mostly  nar- 
rower ami  acute;  rays  about  ,V'.  violet,  4''-,s"  long; 
])a|)pus  nearly  white;  achenes  pubescent. 

Kindiall  Co.,  Nebraska  (  Rydbers; '.  .\iiKiist.  .As  rec- 
ognized by  Dr.  drav,  this  species  comi)rises  several 
varieties,  widely  disiribiUed  in  the  Rocky  Mountains 
and  extendini;  west  to  the  Pacific.  Onr  description 
and  liKure  are  drawn  from  Mr.  Rydbery's  specimens. 


42.   Aster  sericeus  Vent.     Western 

Silvery  or  Silky  A.ster.     (Fig.  3776.) 

Aslef  seriittis  Vent.  Hort.  Cels,  />/.jj.      iS(X). 
.ts/er  aixeii/i-us  Miclix,  Fl.  I!or.  .\ni.  2:  iii.      1S03. 

Stem  slender,  paniculately  or  corymbosely 
branched,  stifT,  glabrous,  le'>.fy,  i°-2°  high.  Stem 
leaves  sessile,  with  a  broad  ba.se,  oblong,  entire, 
mucronate,  '/I'-iyi'  long.  ^"-5"  wide,  erect  or  as- 
cending, with  a  dense  silvery-white  silky  pubes- 
cence on  both  siiles;  basal  and  lowest  leaves 
oblanceolate,  narrowed  into  margined  petioles; 
heads  numerous,  about  I'/i'  i)road;  involucre  turbi- 
nate, its  bracts  oblong,  or  the  inner  lanceolate, 
canescent,  imbricated  in  3  or  4  series,  their  tips 
green,  acute,  spreading;  rays  15-2,1,  violet-blue, 
6"-H"  long;  pappus  tawny;  achenes  glabrous. 

In  dry  open  soil,  Illinois  to  Minnesota  and  Mani- 
toba, south  to  Teiuiessee,  Jlissouri  and  Texas.  .VuK-- 
Sept. 


l1/  - 


Aster  concolor  1< 


coMrosiTAi:. 
I'/istcrn  vSilvory  Aster. 

',,'.',■;   I,.  Si 


[Vnl,.   III. 


I'iK-  3777-) 
.!>/,■;  (M//,, '.',■;  I,.  Sp.  rl.  I/l.  -\  122^.  I7'\;. 
Sttm  slenilcr,  jjlalirous,  or  pubescent  alidve. 
i"  2,'j'^  liigli,  leafy,  simple,  or  with  tew  erccl 
branches.  Leaves  ohlong  or  linearohlong, 
linclv  anil  densely  cancscent  on  hoih  sides, 
or  the  lower  glalirale,  sessile,  olituse  or  niu- 
cronatc,  i  '_. '  2'  long;  heads  numerous  in  an 
elongated  narrow  raceme  resemhling  l.acin- 
aria;  involucre  broadly  turbinate,  its  bracts 
linear  or  linear  oblong,  a])presscd,  canescent, 
imbricated  in  .)  or  5  series,  their  tips  green, 
acute,  the  outer  sliorter;  rays  lo  15,  lilac, 
,^"-4"  long;  pappus  tawny;  acliencs  villous. 
Ill  ilrv  s.'iiiilv  siiil,  eastern  llassacliusetts  and 


Kluidc 
oast. 


Island  to  l''loi"ida  and  Louisiana,  luai   the 
I,il,ic  lli)\VL-i\(l  .\stor,      .Alls;,   1  Ht, 


44.    Aster  Fendleri  .\.  Gray. 

l'"einller',s  .X.stcr.      (  I'it;.  377S. ) 

,/>/•■/■  Ffmilt'ii  \.  C.r.iv,  Mnu,  .\iii,  .\cad,  •  II  14:  fiii. 

iS,;,. 
Aslfi    .\ii/tti//!!  var,   Ivti.iloi  .\.  ('.r.iy,  I'ac,  K,  K. 

Rep,  4- 1)7.       i8,s(i. 

Stem-  several  or  solitary  from  thick  woudv 
roots,  rigid,  hirsute,  6'--i2'  high.  Leaves  linear, 
rigid,  i-iierved,  acute  or  acuminate,  .S"-i,s" 
long,  i"-i'.."  wide,  glabrous  on  both  ?ides, 
l>ut  the  niargiii,s  I)ristly-ciliate;  hc.-ids  usually 
tew  and  racemose,  \i'-\'  \ixoi\A\  involucie  tur- 
binate, its  bracts  glandular,  linear-oblong,  im- 
liricated  in.  about  4  scries,  the  inner  .iciite,  the 
outer  shorter  and  obtuse;  lays  111-15,  violet, 
,;"-5"  long. 

Ill  dry  soil  on  the  plains,  western  Kansas  tci  CoUi- 
lado  and  New  ^Iixieo,     Autr.   Sept, 


Aster  grandiflorus  I,. 


lyurge-llowercd  .Vster.      (  W^ 

Aslt'i  :j;i  juditloi  Us  L.  Sp.  I'l. 


1779-  ) 


.Stem  rather  still',  divaricately  iniicli  1)ranch- 
ed,  hispid  with  short  hairs,  i°-2'i  high. 
Leaves  oblong,  linear.or  somewhat  S])atulate, 
rigid,  sessile  by  a  broad,  sometimes  slightly 
clasping  base,  reflexcd,  entire,  ol)tusish,  his- 
pid, the  larger  .;'  long  and  \"  wide,  those  of 
the  branches  very  numerous,  2"-,s"  long; 
heads  about  2'  broad,  terminating  the 
liraiiches;  involucre  hemispheric,  its  bracts 
very  squarrose  and  foliaceous,  imbricated  in 
5-7  series,  linear,  or  linear-ouloii.^  glandular, 
the  outer  obtusish,  the  inner  acute;  rays  very 
numerous,  deep  violet,  nearlj-  i'  long,  I'j" 
wide;  pappus  brownish;  achenes  ribbed, 
caiiescent. 

In  dry  soil,  \'iiginia,  east  of  the  niountains, 
to  I'lorida.     .Sept. 


Gi'MS  ;,i.] 


THIST1.I-;    [■AMII.V. 


46.    Aster  spectabilis  Ait.     Low  v^howy  Aster. 

(  V\<r.    3780.  ) 

.tui  I    s/^i  i/(ili/7ii  \n.  llcirt.  Ivfw.  3:  ;<Hi.      \~>\). 

Stem  stifT,  simple,  orcoryniboscly  brniichcd 
above,  pubenilciit,  or  rough  below,  more  or 
less  glaiuUilar  above,  1-2  hiuli.  Leaves 
firm,  thickish,  the  basal  ami  lower  ones 
oval,  acute  or  acutish,  3'-5'  long,  I'-l'^' 
wide,  sparingly  dentate  with  low  teeth,  nar- 
row ed  at  the  base  into  slender  petioles;  npper 
leaves  sessile,  entire  rr  very  nearly  so,  acute, 
Hucar-oblong;  heads  several  or  numerous, 
about  I';'  broad,  corymbose,  very  showy; 
involucre  nearly  hemispheric,  its  bracts 
linear-oblong  or  slightly  spatulate,  glandular, 
ind)ricated  in  about  5  scries,  their  green  ob- 
tusish  tips  spreading;  rays  i.S-.V,  bright  vio- 
let, 6''-io"  hnig;  pappus  whitish;  achenes 
slightly  pubescent. 

In  dry  sandy  soil,  MassaclinscUs  In  Delaware, 
nuistly  near  tlic  i(iii>l.     AiiR.- ( )cl. 


Sea>iilc  Pmplc  .\ster. 


47.    Aster    surculosus     .Michx. 

Creepiiii;  .\ster.     (Fig.  37S1..) 

AslersuiciiliisKs  Micli.x.    V\.   I'.or.   Am.   J:    w?. 

iSo.i. 

Stem  slender,  from  elongatcd-rdiform 
rootstocks,  minutely  scabrous-pubescent, 
ici'-iS'  high,  corynd)OSely  branched  abuve. 
Leaves  firm,  lanceolate  or  linear,  the  lower 
pctioled,  2'-_V  long,  4"  ^"  wiile,  rough- 
margined,  slightly  scabrous  above,  sparingly 
dentate,  the  upper  narrower,  sessile,  entire; 
heads  few,  or  sometimes  solitary,  about  15" 
broad;  involucre  tnrbiuate-hemispheric,  its 
bracts  coriaceous,  imbricated  in  about  5  sc- 
ries, ciliatc,  but  scarcely  glandular,  their 
green  tips  spreading;  rays  i,s-,iO,  violet; 
pappus  whitish;  achenes  nearly  glabrous. 

In  sandy  or  (jTavelly  soil,  Ncirtli  Carolina  and 
t'.corjria.   Reported  from  New  Jersey.    ,Sei)t.   ( let. 


vSlemler 

37S2-) 
181S. 


48.    Aster  gracilis  Xiitt. 
ox  Tuber  .V.stcr.     (Fig. 

Asler  i;>iu  ill's 'SuW.  t'.en.  2:  15S. 

Stem  slender,  finely  puberulent  and 
scab'  us,  corynibosely  branched  above, 
i°-i  '2°  high.  Leaves  minutely  scabrous, 
the  basal  and  lower  ones  oval,  acute 
or  obtusish,  2'-;/  long,  4"-,s"  wide, 
dentate,  narrowed  into  sleinler  petioles; 
upper  leaves  linear,  linear-oblinig,  or 
slightly  oblanceol.ite,  acute,  entire,  sessile 
or  a  little  clasping;  heads  usually  nu- 
merous, ()"-io"  broad;  involucre  nar- 
rowly turbinate,  its  bracts  coriaceous, 
glabrous  or  very  nearly  so,  imbricated 
in  about  5  scries,  their  tips  green  and 
spreading,  obtusish;  rays  9-15,  violet,  3"- 
4I2"  long;  pappus  nearly  white;  achenes 
minutely  pubescent. 

In  dry  sandy  soil,  New  .lersey  to  Kentucky, 
Tennessee  and  Nortli  Carolina.  Kootstock 
tid)er<>ns  lliickened.     July  Seiit. 


374 


COMroSITAH. 


LVoi,.  III. 


Aster  Radula  Ait.     Low  Rough  Aster.     File-blade  Aster.     (Fig.  3783.) 

Aslei  A'dtfii/ii  Mi.  Ildit.  Ki'w.  3:  210.      1789. 

Stem  glabrous,  or  puberiileiit  above,  slen- 
der, coryiiibosely  Ijranched  near  the  sununit, 
1^-2^  bij;h.  Leaves  sessile,  ronj;li  above, 
more  or  less  pubescent  beneath,  oblong- 
lanceolate,  acute,  sharply  serrate,  stronjjly 
pinnatcly  veined,  2'-;-,'  long,  t,"~12"  wide; 
heads  several, or  .sometimes  numerous,  I'-i  'i' 
broad;  involucre  hemispheric,  its  bracts  ob- 
long or  oblongspatulate,  coriaceous,  ap- 
prcssed-pubescent,  conspicuously  ciliolate, 
their  green  obtuse  tips  appressed;  rays  20- 
,V>,  violet,  4"-6"  long;  achencs  glabrous, 
striate;  pappus  nearly  white. 

In  swamps,  Dtlawan.-  ami  soutlu-rn  I'lMinsyl- 
vania  to  Ncwldumllaml.     July-Sipt. 
Aster  Radula  billorus  1  Michx.)  I'ortcr,  Mem. 
Ton.  Club,  5:  ,',2(),      1S94. 
.ts/rr  !ii//ti>  IIS  Michx.  I'l.  Hor.  Am.  2:  ii.(.     iSn,^. 
AsUt  s/n'i/ii.<  I'ursh.  I'l.  Am.  Svpl.  .ssfi-       I.'^l4. 
A.s/fr  Kailiila  var.  siriclii.':  A.  Gray,  Syn,  l'"l.  i: 
I'art  2,  176.      iSS(. 

I.uwcr,  virvskiuler:  lieails  1-5;  Umvi-s  narrower,  kss  serrate  or  entire;  invulucral  bracts,  or  s-onie  of 
tlieiii  .icute.    Jloutitainsiif  New  ICnjiflaiKllo  I,al)ra(liir.in(l  NewfoumUand.    I'erliai)>  a  distinct  species. 

50.    Aster  Herveyi  A.  Gray.     Ilervey's  Aster.     ( l'*ig.  3784. 

Aslt'r  Jin  :  iv:  .\.  l/.r.iy,  Man.  ICd.  5,  229,       1S67. 

Stem  roughish,  at  least  above,  slcinler,  sim- 
ple orcorymbosely  branched,  rarely  paniculate, 
r^-,V~  high,  the  branches  glandular-puberulent. 
Leaves  linn,  rough  above,  pubescent  on  the 
veins  beneath,  the  basal  and  lower  ones  on 
slender  naked  petioles,  ovate,  dentate  with  low 
usually  distant  teeth,  acute  at  the  apex,  nar- 
rowed, ronndeil  or  rarely  cordate  at  the  base, 
2'-6' long,  i'-;'  wide;  upper  leaves  sessile,  or 
narrowed  into  winged  petioles,  smaller,  entire 
or  nearly  so;  lieads  I'-i'.'  broad;  involucre 
turbinate  or  canipanulate,  its  bracts  appressed, 
or  sometimes  spreading,  densely  glandular,  ob- 
long or  spalnlate,  obtuse  or  mucronulate;  rays 
15  25,  violet,  ,s"-7"  long;  achcnes  minutely 
pubescent,  striate;  pappus  nearly  white. 

In  dry  si'il,  ea>tern  Massachusetts  and  Kliode 
Inland,  .\pparentlv  liyhridi/es  with  .1.  v/xv/ii 
/.I ///,(.     AUK.-Oct. 


51.   Aster  turbinellus  Lindl.     Prairie 
Aster.     {  Fig.  3785.  ) 

A.iler  liiii>iiuilii.<:  I.indl.   Comp.    Hot.   Ma^.   i:   9.S. 

Stem  sleiulcr,  paniculatcly  branched,  glabrous 
below,  puberulent  above,  2°-;'  high.  Leaves 
llrm,  lanceolate,  or  oblong-lanceolate,  entire, 
ciliate,  acute  or  acuminate,  2'-,;'  long,  the 
lower  and  basal  ones  pctioled,  the  ujiper  ses- 
sile, those  of  the  branches  much  smaller; 
lu-ads  about  i'  broad,  mostly  solitary  at  the 
I'uds  of  the  branches;  involucre  turbinate,  its 
bracts  oblong,  coriaceous,  obtuse,  appressed, 
imbricated  in  5  or  6  series,  their  tips  green  only 
at  the  apex;  rays  10-20,  ,^"-5"  long,  violet; 
pappus  tawny;  achenes  finely  pubescent. 

In  dry  soil,  especially  on  i)rairies,  IIliiKiislo  Mi>- 
souri.  Kansas,  Louisiana  and  .\rkausas.     Sept. -Oct. 


tiKNLS  U.] 


THISTI.R   I'AMII-Y 


I:   9.S. 


52.    Aster  Nebraskensis  liritton. 

Xcbrasku  Aster.     (Fig.  3786.  ) 

Stem  strictly  erect,  slender,  still",  rough  to  the 
base,  simple,  or  with  a  few  short  nearly  erect 
branches,  very  leafy,  I';  -s';^  tall.  Leaves 
thick,  rather  rigid,  ascending,  lanceolate  to  ob- 
long-lanceolate, sessile  by  a  snbcordate  base, 
acute  or  acuminate  at  the  apex,  l'-,%'  long, 
|"-6"  wide;  very  rough  on  both  sides,  the  tnid- 
vein  prominent  beneath,  the  lateral  veins  ob- 
scure; heads  few,  terminating  .short  leafy 
branchlets,  i'-]'^'  broad;  involucre  broadly 
campanulatc  or  hemispheric,  about  .^''  high,  its 
bracts  green,  oblong,  acute,  indjricated  in  sev- 
eral series,  the  outer  (piite  foliaceous;  rays  pur- 
ple, about  6"  long. 


I.aki    sliiires.   central   Nebraska, 
and    basal  leaves  not  seen.      Tvpi  , 


1724.  'Sd;,, 
iiortliufit 


Sept.       Lower 
Rydbern,   N'c 


ill  the  lake  refrion  of  (".rant  Co..  2  r.iiU-- 
•  i  Whitman." 


Aster  paludosus  Ait. 


Southern  Swamp  Aster.     (Fig.  3787. ) 

./.(/<•;  />a/ii<i(is!is  Aii.  Hort.  Kew.  3:  201.  l^St). 
Ilcli'iistium  paUidosuui   DC.    Prodr.  5:    264. 

iS;,6. 

Stem  rougl'ish,  or  rough-pid)escent, 
slender,  simple,  or  somewhat  branched 
above,  i  '-2>i"  high.  Leaves  linear,  en- 
tire, glabrous,  the  margins  rough  or  ciliate, 
rather  rigid,  2'  6'  long,  2"-4"  wide,  mostly 
i-nerved,  acute,  the  lower  part  commouly 
sheathing  the  stem;  heads  few  or  several, 
r.iceinose  or  paniculate,  i/i'-2' broad;  in- 
volucre broadly  campanulate  or  hemis- 
pheric, its  bracts  iml)ricatcd  in  about  5 
series,  foliaceous,  ciliate,  the  outer  lanceo- 
late, acute,  the  inner  oblong  or  .spatulate; 
rays  20-;,o,  deep  violet,  5"-;"  long,  pap- 
pus tawny;  achencs  .S-io-nerved,  glabrous 
or  nearly  so. 

In  swamps,  ilissoiiri  to  Texas,  east  tn  North 
Carolina  and  I'lorida.      .\UK,-<)ct. 


Aster  nemoralis  Ait. 
A.ster.      (_Fig.  3788.  ) 

.  I  v/cr  </(■»;, XI///.V  .-Xil.  Hurt.  Kew.  3:   19S.      i7S(|. 

vStcni  pulierulent,  slender,  simple,  or  coryni- 
bosely  branched  above,  6'-2°  high.  Leaves 
sessile,  membranous,  oblong-lanceolate  or 
linear-oblong,  acute  at  each  end,  i)td)esccnt 
or  puberulent  on  both  sides,  dentate  or  entire, 
I'-J'  long,  I 'j "-4'"  wide,  margins  often  revo- 
lute;  heads  .several,  or  solitary,  i'-l,'>'  broad, 
the  peduncles  slender;  involucre  lieniispheric, 
its  Ijracts  appressed,  linear-subulate,  acute  or 
acuminate,  imbricated  in  about  ,^  series;  rays 
15-25,  light  violet-purple  to  rose-pink;  achenes 
glandular-putjescent;  pappus  white. 

In  sandy  bo^s,  New  Jersey  to  iiortliern  New 
York,  ( intarid,  Newfoundland  and  Hudson  Hay. 
Aii«,-Sept. 
Aster  nemoralis Blakei  I'oner,  Hull.  Torr.  Club,  21: 

Stems  I     2'j     hiKli.  ascendiiiK.  leafy  from  the  base;  leaves  2  "-,V-' 
ceolate,  rtTuotely  and  sharply  denlaie.  or  nearly  entire;  heads  rather    few,  sometimes  solitary. 
Maine.  New  llatiipsliire  and  northern  New  York.     Kornis  resemble  the  followinpr  species. 


)blon^-Ian- 


C():\iiH)sn'AK. 


[V(.i..  iir. 


55.    Aster  acuminatus  Michx. 
Whoi'led  or  Mountain  Aster.   1  I'ig.  ^iJSq.  ) 

Aslri    dizd)  icaliis    I. am.     Ivticvel.     i:     ic^.       I7""i. 

X(.t  h.  I7,s:v 
Aslei  atliiin'iiitlns  Michx.  l''l.  licjr.  Am.  2:  in,;,      i^n^. 

Stem  pubescent  or  pul)enilciit,  /ifj/ag,  cor- 
jiiibosely  branclied,  often  leiifles.-;  below,  i  - 
;°  higli.  I^eaves  thin,  bioarlly  oblon.,,  acumi- 
nate at  the  apex,  narrowed  to  a  somewhat 
cuneate  sessile  liase,  sharply  ami  coarselv  den- 
tate, pinnately  veined,  glabrous  or  pubescent 
above,  pubescent  at  least  on  the  veins  bencatli, 
jj'-f)'  long,  ''2'-\]i'  wide,  often  appro.\iniulc 
above,  and  appearing  whorled;  heads  several 
or  numerous,  I'-i','  bro;ul;  involucre  nearlv 
hemispheric,  its  bracts  subulate-linear,  acumi- 
nate, the  outer  much  shorter;  rays  i:!-iS,  nar- 
row, 6"-8"  long,  white  or  purplish;  pappus 
soft,  fine,  nearly  white;  achenes  pul)e.scent. 

!Moist  woods,  L.^hrrirl'-r  to  Ontario,  western  New 
York,  aiul  in  the  mountains  to  Georgia.    July-Oct. 

cS:  G.    I'plancl  Wliite  .\ster.     (Fig.  3790.) 


C/liyso/^fis  nihil  y,\\\.\..  {',fn.  2:  \=,2.     iSiS.     Nut 

A.  ci//ut.i  WilUl. 
Doi'lli)ii; frill  p/nniiii'o/i/rs  Nccs,  (icn.  iV  Sp. 

.\.st.  iS;,.  iS;,2. 
.,').  f>/iu-miioidi\s  T.  iS:  G.  Kl.  N.  .\.  2:  i6o.    iS.|i. 

Stems  tufted,  slender,  rigid,  usually  rough 
above,  corymbosely  branched  near  the  snin- 
niit,  i°-2°  high.  Leaver  linear-lanceolate, 
3-ribbed,  entire,  or  with  a  few  distant  teeth, 
firm,  shining,  rough-margined  or  ciliate, 
somei.ii:i_s  scabrous,  acute,  narrowed  to  a 
sessile  b.^se,  or  the  lower  petioled,  the  low- 
est and  basal  ones  3'-6'  long,  ■i"-^"  wide, 
the  upper  smaller,  those  of  the  branches 
linear-subulate;  heads  not  numerous,  S"- 
12"  broad,  terminating  the  branches  of  the 
corymb;  involucre  nearly  hemispheric,  2"- 
.1"  high,  its  bracts  linear-oblong,  obtuse,  ap- 
pressed,  nearly  glabrons,grecn, imbricated  in 
about  4  series;  rays  10-20,  snow  white,  3"- 
4"  long;  pappus  white;  achenes  glabrous. 

In  dry  or  rocky  soil,  Massacliusctts.Vcrnmnt 
and  Ontario,  to  the  Northwest  Territory,  Illi- 
nois. Missouri  and  Colorado.     July  -Sept. 

Aster  ptarmicoides  lutescens  (Hook. 
DiplopafipKS  iilhus  \Ar.  /u/fscriis  Itodk.  I'M,  Hor 


Part  2,  199.      1SS4. 


\.  Gray,  .Syn.  I'l.  i : 
.\m.  2:  21.       iS,v). 

Rays  pale  yellow,  sliort:  involucre  nar'uwci, 
Nortlurn  Illinois  to  the  Northwest  Territory, 

57.  Aster  dumosus  L.     Bushy  Aster. 

Rice-button  Aster.     (Fig.  ,"^791.) 
As/fi  itiiinosiis  I„  ,Sp,  PI,  S- ;,      175,5, 

C.labrous  or  very  nearly  so  throughout,  pani- 
culatcly  much  branched,  i  "-3°  high.  Leaves 
firm,  those  of  the  stem  linear  or  linear-lanceo- 
late, entire,  acute,  orobtusish,  i '-;'  long, I '.'"-.;" 
wide,  roughishinargined,  often  reflexed,  those 
of  the  branches  very  numerous,  small  and  bract- 
like, the  basal  ones  spatulate,  dentate;  heads 
^'f^-f  broad,  tertninating  the  usually  divergent 
slender  branches  and  branchlets,  usually  numer- 
ous; involucre  broadly  campanulate,  its  bracts 
linear-subulate,  obtuse  or  acutish,  appressed,  im- 
bricated in  about ,(  series,  green-tipped;  rays  15- 
,Vi,  white  to  pale  violet,  2"  long,  pappus  white; 
achenes  minutclj'  pubescent. 

Sandy  soil.  Massachusetts  to  western  New  N'.irk. 
Ontario,  I'lorida,  Louisiana  and  Missouri,     .\u',4  -1  kt. 


('fIIMS  ',1.1 


THISTLI';    FAMILY. 


Ol  I 


I'l.  N,  A.  2:  I2S 


l^|l. 


I T"".! 


Aster  dumosus  coridifolius  i  Miclix.  i  T.  iS:  ( 
Ailer  lOi  itli/'i>!iii\  Mii-lix.;  Willd.  Sp.  I'l.  3.  2n2,S.      iSu(. 

More  rtj!ri<l  iiiul  stcuitir;  briincliUt-;  I'loiiKattil;  hraols  (if  the  iiivoliicre  ci)riai.i.(ius;  leaver  of  tin. 
liraiK'lics  small  .-ukI  miiiiL-rous,  very  close.  (liveiKeiil.     I'ine-baneiis,  Maltha's  XMiieyanl  to  IMnriila. 
Aster  dumosus  strictior  T.  ^:  ('..  11.  N.  .^.  2:  12S.      iS)!. 
Sic  in  sjiariiiijly  branched,  the  branches  ascenilin',',  terminated  by  rather  larger  head-;  leave- 
sessile  by  a  broad  bfise.  aeiiniinate.  mostly  qnitc  entire.     Swamiw      lassachnsetts  to   New  Jersey, 
Pennsylvania  and  Maryl.md. 


58.    Aster  salicifolius  Lam.     Willow  Aster.      (Fis-  ,1 


Aslii niUiii/oliiis  I.ain.  ICncycl.  i:  ,^06. 
Aslt-r  lunifiis  T.  iS:  (',.  V\.  N.  .\.  2:  i,y. 


1S41. 


Stem  ratlier  slender,  paniculately  iiiucli  braiicli- 
C(l,  usually  very  leafy,  2°-,s  '  liigli.  k'''1>''""s,  or 
soiiiewliat  pubescent  above.  Leaves  firni,  lan- 
ceolate or  linear-lanceolate,  rou);li-niar>;ine(l, 
acute  or  acuminate  at  the  apex,  narrowed  and 
sessile  or  sligh.ly  claspini^  at  the  base,  entire  or 
sparingly  dentate  with  low  teeth,  glabrous  or 
nearly  so,  2'-.\'  lonj;,  2"-u"  wide,  the  lowest 
sometimes  pctioled,  those  of  the  branches  grad- 
ually smaller;  heads  numerous,  S"-i2"  broad; 
involucre  broadly  turbinate,  its  bracts  linear-ob- 
long, apprcsscd,  imbricated  in  4  or  5  series,  their 
green  tips  acute  or  oblusish;  rays  luimcrous,  vio- 
let, or  violet-purple,  or  sometime.-,  white,  ;s"--\" 
long;  pappus  white;  achencs  minutely  pubescent. 

In  moist  soil,  Maine  and  tDntario  to  Massachusetts 
and  Florida,  west  to  Montana,  Missouri  and  Texas, 
Intcrgrades  with  yl.  ftaii!\  iilaliis.     Aur.  Oct. 

Aster  salicifolius  subasper  (I.iiidl.  )  A.  Gray,  Svu. 

V\.  1:  I'art  2:  iSS.      1SS4. 

A.sli'r  snlicis/>t'r  I.indl.  Conip,  Hot.  Map,  i:  q-.     i,^;^. 

Stem  scabrous;  leaves  more  or  less  s  j,     Indiana  to  Missouri  and  Texas. 
Aster  salicitolius  stenophyllus  <  I.indl.  1  Burgess. 
Asl:>-  .^leni'f>lixUus  I.indl,,  DC.  Prod  r.  5:  2.(2,       iS-,6. 

Leaves  narrowly  liuearlanceolate,  small,  those  of  the  branches  numerous  and  niinnte;  lir.Kt- 
of  the  involucre  linear-subulate,     .Southern  New  ^'ork  and  eastern  I'einisylvani.i  to  \'irginia. 


59.  Aster  paniculatus  L,ain. 


Tall  White  or  Paiiicled  .\ster.     '  Fig.  3793.  ) 

A.'.ler  fiaiiiciilalus  Lam.  I^neyci.  i:  v"'.      17^1. 

Stem  glabrous  or  nearly  so,  ])aniculately  much 
branched,  2°-S°  high.  Leaves  lanceolate  to 
oblong-lancoolatc,  acuminate  at  the  apex,  nar- 
rowed to  a  sessile  or  slightly  clasping  base, 
glabrous,  usually  thin,  roughish-margined,  those 
of  the  stem  sparingly  serrate  in  the  middle,  i>r 
sometimes  very  nearly  entire,  3'-6'  long,  ,?"-''" 
wiile,  the  upper  and  those  of  the  branches  grad- 
ually smaller;  heads  numerous,  ,S"- 10"  broad; 
involucre  nearly  hemispheric,  3"-4"  high,  its 
bracts  narrowly  linear-lanceolate,  acute  or 
acuminate,  appresscd,  grccn-tipped,  imbricated 
in  4  or  5  series;  rays  numerous,  white,  or  faintly 
tinged  with  violet,  y'-^"  long;  pap])us  while 
or  nearly  so;  achencs  minutely  pubescent. 

In  moist  soil.  New  llrnnswick  to  western  Ont.irio 
and  .Montana,  south  to  New  Jersey.  Virginia,  Ki  n 
tucky,  Louisiana  and  Missouri.      .\ng.-Oct. 

Aster  paniculatus  bellidiflorus     Willd.  1   liurgess. 
Ailfr  briluti/loriis  Willd.  Lmnn,  S,>^6.     \^qq. 
Asli'i   li-iiiii/olii(S  var.  h,'lli,(i/lonis  T,  &  C.  I-'l,  -N. 
A.  2:   1  ',2.       I,S|l. 

Leaves  narrowly  linear,  acuminate  at  l)oth  ends,  etUire,  or  remotely  appressed-serrate,  chicll.\ 
4'  long  by  ,;  "  wide,  or  less;  he;ids  numerous,  ratlier  densely  clustered  on  the  ascending  braiiche-  of 
the  large  panicle.  In  moistor  wet  soil,  in  open  situations,  New  Brunswick  to  western  Ontario,  North 
Carolina,  Missouri  and  Kansas, 

Aster  paniculatus  simplex  1  Willd.  1  Burgess. 
.-I.t/i'-;- ,(/;«/i/^M  Willd,  ICiiuni.  8,87,     i.Sot), 

Leaves  oblong  lanceolate  to  oblanceolate.  thill,  long  acuminate  at  both  ends,  the  larger  ofti  n 
8'  long  and  I'wide,  spiiringly  serrate  with  low  teeth;  inlloreseence  leafy,  the  heads  less  showy  tlian 
ill  the  preceding.     In  shaded  moist  places,  Massachusetts  to  Ohio,  \irginiaand  Kentucky. 


OMroSlTAI'. 


[Vor,.    III. 


Aster  paniculatus  aciitidens  liurt;('s>. 
.l.\/iT  idiiifiis  var.  tiiit/>ii;iiiii  '['.  Si  (i.  I'l.  N.  A.  2:  i.;,;. 

iS|i.     Soi  .1.  tiiii/)i!;i/ IIS 'l'\\\in\i.  iS;.'. 

I.cavis  oliloiiK  laiicccilali',  tlu-  lafftiT  oftin  n'  loiiu  by 
1 ', '  wide, very  sliaii)ly  senate, at  least  alxive  tlie  miilille; 
luaiielies  often  very  sjiiiit,  soinetinies  elcni^jated.  Aliiii^f 
streams  atul  ilitelies,  Coiitiectieiit  to  VirKinia,  (Miio  ami 
Kansas. 

6o.    Aster  Missouriensis  Ikitton. 

Missouri  Astur.  (l''ig.  3794-  ) 
Stem  densely  piibenileiit  ^r  pubescent,  at  least 
above,  iiiucli  branclicii,  2"  liij;'!  "f  niore.  Leaves 
thill,  obloiifj-lan-'eolatc  to  obhinccolate,  acute  or 
acuminate  at  the  apex,  sharply  serrate  above  the 
niiilille,  fjradually  tapcrinjr  to  an  entire  sessile  or 
slij,;htly  clasping  base,  or  the  lower  petioled,  puber- 
ulent  above,  finely  pubescent  beneath,  the  larger 
,^'-4'  lout;,  the  upper  much  smaller,  entire;  heads 
6"-S"  broa<l,  panicled,  short-i)cdniiclcd,  or  terini- 
iiating  short  leafy  branchlets,  sometimes  somewhat 
secuiid;  involucre  2"-3"  high,  its  linear  acute  bracts 
well  imbricated,  ciliate  or  pubescent;  rays  white. 
In  niiiist  soil,  K.msas  and  Missouri.      Sei)t.  Oct. 


61.  Aster  Tradescanti  L.    Trade.scaiit's 
Aster.    Michaelmas  Daisy.     (Fig.  3795. ) 

Aslir  'J'ladcscaiili  I.,  Sp.  PI.  S76.     1753. 

Stem  slender,  pauiculately  branched,  2°-3° 
high,  the  branches  usually  ascending  and  often 
pubescent  in  lines.  .Stem  leaves  linear-lanceo- 
late or  lanceolate,  acuminate  at  the  apex,  nar- 
rowed to  .".  sessile  base,  3'-6'  long,  i,'."-6" 
wide,  glab:uus  or  nearly  so  on  both  sides,  com- 
monly thin,  sharply  serrate  in  the  middle  with 
low  teeth,  or  sometimes  entire;  heads  very 
numerous,  racemose  but  not  sccund  on  the 
branches,  5"-^"  broad;  involucre  hemispheric 
to  broadly  turbinate,  2"-,V  liigii,  its  bracts 
linear,  acute,  appresscd.  grecn-ti])ped,  imbri- 
cated in  .\  or  5  series;  rays  white  or  nearly  so, 
luiinerous,  2"-;,"  long;  pappus  white;  achenes 
minutely  pubescent. 

In  fields  and  swamps,  Ontario  to  Virginia,  west  to 
tile  Northwest  'I'erritory.  Illinois  and  Minnesota. 
K.vteiid-  to  Florida-'     .\UK.-()et. 


62.    Aster  Faxoni  Porter.     Faxon's 
Aster.     (Fig.  3796.) 

Asl,-i    fio/jfi/iy/his    Willd.     ICnuin.     88S,     1801).      Not 

Moencli,  1S02. 
Aster  luivoni  I'orter.  Mem.  Torr.  Club,  5:  },2,\.      iso(. 

Glabrous  throughout;  stem  pauiculately  or  cor- 
yinljosely  braijched;  rather  stout, 2°-s°  high.  .Stem 
leaves  lanceolate  or  linear-lanceolate,  acute  or 
acuminate,  narrowed  to  a  sessile  base,  or  the  lower 
into  margined  petioles,  entire  or  nearly  so,  firm, 
2'--,'  long,  2"-4"  wide,  those  of  the  branches  grad- 
ually smaller;  ba.sal  leaves  oblong  to  spatulate,  ob- 
tuse,dentate, heads  not  very  nunierous.fi'''-^"  broad; 
involucre  hemispheric,  nearly  4"  high,  its  bract.s 
linear-lanceolate,  acute  or  subulate,  green-tipped  or 
green  on  the  back,  imbricated  in  about  3  series,  the 
outer  shorter;  rays  bright  white,  3'"-4"  long.nuiner- 
ous;  pappus  white;  achenes  minutely  pubescent. 

On  moist  clilTs.  Vermont  and  Massachusetts  to  Penn- 
sylvania, west  to  Wisconsin!  ?)  soutli  to  North  Carolina 
(aecordiiiK  to  C.ray  '.      .■\UK.-Sei)t. 


in. 


Gi.NTS  ;i.] 


THISTLI'    TAMILV. 


379 


?D 


Not 


63.    Aster  ericoides  h.     White  Ileatli 
Aster.     Frost-weed  Aster.     (Fig.  3797-) 
.ts/er  fi  :\,iictri  I..  Sp.  I'l.  .S;5.      175J. 

Stem  gltihrous  or  very  nearly  so,  piiniculately 
liraiahed,  usually  bushy,  l°-.v'  liiK'i.  I'le  lirauclies 
racf luose.  ami  the  bratii-hlets  often  somewhat 
secuiid.  Leaves  firm  or  riKid,  the  hasal  ones  spat- 
ulate,  obtuse,  dentate,  narrowed  into  inarj;inc  ' 
petiole^.  glat)rou.';  or  ciliate;  stem  leaves  narrowly 
Hneai',  acute,  entire,  i'-,^'  lonj;,  i"-^"  wide,  those 
of  the  biTiiches  linear-subulate,  mimerous;  heads 
usually  very  numerous,  4"-6"  broad;  involucre 
campanulatv.'  to  hemispheric,  its  bracts  coriaceous, 
lanceolate  or  linear-lanceolate,  abruptly  acute  or 
acuminate,  green-tipped,  imbricated  in  about  ;, 
series;  rays  15-25,  white,  or  tinged  with  rose; 
pappus  white;  acheiies  finely  pubescent. 

In  dry  sdil.  Maine  .-iikI  Ontario  to  I'lnrida,  west  to 
Wisconsin  and   Kentucky.     Called  also  I'mst-weed, 


Micliaelnia^  Kaisy 
marv,  iioj:  fennel, 
J)ecl 


Karewell   Smnnier,   White   Kosc 
Mare's  tail,  Scrub  bu-^li.      .Sept.- 


Aster  ericoides  pilosus  (Willd.  1  I'ortii,  Mem.  I'orr. 
As/t-r  :i!h<uis  Midi.x.  I'M.  lior.  .\ni.  2:  ii.s.  iSo^.  Not  Tliunb. 
Asify  t'l  icoidrs  var.  z'i7/i'^iis  T.  N:  ('..  I'l.  N.  A.  2:  124.       iS(i. 

Stem,  branches  ami  ofti'ii  the  leaves  villiius-hirsute  or  hispid;  leaves  linear  lanceolate.     We~t- 
eni  Ontario  to  Petnisylvania  and  Heorjtia,  west  to  Minnesota  and  Missouri. 

Astci  ericoides  platyphyllus  T.  X:  G.  Kl.  X.  .\.  2:  124.      rSji. 
Densely  viUoii-;  hirsute:   stem  leaves   lanceolate  or  oblong-lanceolate.  1'    2'  lonff,   |."-I2"  wide. 
Indiana  to  North  Carolina  and  ('.eoijria. 

Aster  ericoides  depauperatus  I'urter,  Mttn.  Tnrr,  Chdi,  5;  ,u',i.      1*1 1. 
Ash)  I  >  icoittrs  var.  fiiniHus  .\.  Cray,  Syn.  1"1.  i:  I'art  2,  liS.|.      1SS4.     Not  A.  piisilliis  Horn.      1S15. 
Clabrous.  very  slemler,  6'    12'  liiKh;  stem  leaves  and  those  of  the  branches  line.-ir  or  subulate. 
.Southern  Pennsylvania  and  West  Virginia. 

Aster  ericoides  Randi  Ilritton. 
I,ow.  stout,  Klabrous,  seldom  uver   i      hiK'i.  corymbosely  or  somewhat   racemosely  bra'uhed 
above,  often  Inishy;  stem  leaves  elongated,  suinetinies  ;"  wide;  bisal  leases  sjjatulate,  petiol.d,  en- 
lire;  heads  numerous,  larger  than  in  the  tyi)e.  sometimes  over  i'  broiid;  rays  wliite  to  violet:  bracts 
of  the  invohicre  trieener  than  in  tile  type.     I'erhajjs  a  distinct  species.     Ml.  Desert  Island,  Maine. 

Aster  ericoides  parviceps  lUirtress. 
More  or  les<  pilose:  stem  strict,  erect,  about  1    hich,  usually  bu'^hy,  branelied  above,  the  branches 
nnistly  short;  leaves  nnrrowly  linear,  ascending,  with  short  leafy  branchi  s  in  their  axils;  heads  mi 
nierous,  crowded,  3"  4"  broad,  somewhat  secund;  involucre   '  ."-2"   liiRli;  leaves  of  the  l)vanclies 
reduced  to  small  scales.     I'rairies,  Illinois  and  Jlissouri. 

64.   Aster  Pringlei  (A.  (^.ray)  Britton. 
Pringle's  Aster.     (Fig.  3798.) 

\.  Cray,  Syn.  h'l.  i: 


As/cr  eiicoide 
Part  2.  1 84. 


var.  Pf  iiii^lfi 

1SS4. 


Stem  very  slender,  glabrous,  simple,  or  with 
few  or  numerous  slender  ascending  branches, 
not  bushy,  6'-2°  high.  Rasal  leaves  lanceolate, 
oblong  or  oblanceolatc,  2'-6'  long,  2"-6"  wide, 
entire,  or  slightly  toothed,  ciliate  and  some- 
times u  little  pubescent,  at  least  on  the  slender 
petioles  which  are  often  as  long  as  the  blades; 
stem  leaves  narrowly  linear,  those  of  the 
branches  small  and  subulate;  heads  as  large 
as  those  of  A.  trioiides,  or  commonly  smaller, 
usually  fewer,  solitary  at  the  ends  of  the 
branches  and  branchlets;  bracts  of  the  cam- 
patiulate  involucre  with  short  green  tips;  rays 
white. 

On  banks,  especially  in  rocky  places,  Massa- 
chusetts and  \'ermont  to  Wisconsin.     .VuR.  Oct. 


eo.MrosiTAi;. 


[Vol..  III. 


•  /  65.    Aster  lateriflorus  (L.  )  Hrittun. 

/  /    Starved  Aster.     Calico  Aster.     '  I'ijj;.  Ci7'-j9-'' 

'    I,      S«/ii/iii;i>  /ii/ii  if/.uc  ]..  S\i.  \'].  >-<t.       I's.l 
yi       .\-\lrr  liiilii.ua  .\\\..  Hurt.  Kivv,  3:  J05.  '    i-'<u. 
-'/        .ls:ii  DiiMi  Sun.  i',v\\.  2:  i~.S.       iSiS. 

.i.iiiiii  ith'i  K.s  Hriltoii,  Trails.  N,  \'.  .Vcad.  Sci.g.  1.'  1--.1. 
Stem  puUfruIfiit,  or  nearly  ^I'I'tous,  sloiiilcr,  di- 
vcrj^ently  branclied,  i°-5^  I'IK''-  Hasal  leaves  civ.ite, 
sletiilcr-pelidleil;  stem  leaves  broadly  laiu-eolale  or 
ol)loiij;-laiU'eolatc,  iiuislly  acuminate,  serrate.  2'--,s' 
lonj;,  ()"-i2"  wide,  those  of  the  branches  smalltT, 
obloiij;  or  linear-oblon^;;  heads  },"-•,"  broail,  race- 
nioscly  unilateral  on  the  branches,  short-peduiicled 
or  sessile,  usually  numerous  and  crowilcd;  involucre 
turl)inate,  its  bracts  linearobloui.;.  obtuse  or  acutish, 
imijricated  iu  about  4  series,  their  short  ijreen  tips  ap- 
pressed  or  slif^htly  s]  readiuj;;  rays  numerous,  short, 
white  or  pale  ]v.u]ile;  disk-llowers  purple;  pappus 
white;  aclieues  minutely  pubescent. 

In  dry  or  nioi'-t  soil.  Nova  Scotia  to  wcstirn  cmtario, 
south  to  North  C.iroliua,  Louisiana  and  'I'cx.is.     Called  iu  Maryland  Rosemary.     .\\\K-  "ct. 

Aster  lateritlonis  glomerellus  1 '1'.  iS:  d  >  limits-.. 
.I.v/c;  «/;V(V  var.  A' /.)w;c;v7/h.v  T.  >\:  C.  l"l.  N,  .\.  2:  i,V).       1.H41. 

Chictly  unbranchcd.  witli  the  habit  of  So/i\/iii;ii  rues  id  :  leaves  liispidulons  abo\r.  oblonn;  -Mice- 
olate,  dull  Ricen,  the  teeth  very  sharp  and  slraitcht;  heads  ^floineratc  in  the  axils,  ol'teti  somewhat  >\>i- 
catc  toward  the  summit  of  the  plant,  somelimis  al*i)  on  short  branches.  In  deep  wiiods,  New  York 
to  Virginia. 

Aster  laterillorus  thyrsoideus  >  A.  Cray)  Sheldon.  Hull.  T.>rr.  Clidj.  20:  :;^i<.      iScii. 
Aslei  diiinsus  var.  Ilnii,n\ic-iis  A.  Cray,  Syn.'bM.  i:  Part  2,  1S7.       iS>|, 

.\shv  pubescent;  haves  ovatv  to  lanceolate;  brandies  ascendiusf,  rathcrstili'.  mostly  short  head> 
usually  densely  thyrsoid-paniculatc,  le-;s  markedly  seeund  than  iu  llie  type.  New  York  and  Ontario 
to  Illinois. 

Aster  laterillorus  grandis  Porter.  Mem.  Torr.  Club,  5:  S2\.      iso). 
Aslt-y  ht'/ioiis  l.'xndX.:  DC.  I'rodr.  5;  21 ;,.      i-^.i6.     Not  .Ml.  i7S_s. 
As/,i  ilitnisus  \nr.  hi  I  runs  \.  Cray,  Syu.  HI.  i:  Pari  2.  1S7.       i>^|. 

Taller  atul  larKer-Kaved  tlian  the  type,  the  br.uiches  spreaditiR;  leaves  lanceolate,  sonielinio  6' 
long  and  nearly  1'  wide;  heatls  mostly  larger,  rather  loosely  paniculate.  In  sh.ided  places,  ^-^mtheru 
New  York  to  Kentucky  and  Illinois. 

Aster  laterillorus  pendulus  1  Ait.  :  lUn(j:ts>. 
Asia  /iriiiiiiltts  .\it.  Ilort.  Kew.  3:  205.      17.S, 

r.eaves  linear-elliptic,  conspicuously  droopinji.  renu)tely  appressed-serrulate,  ol'ten  witli  nar- 
rowly margined  petioles,  routrhish  when  dry;  branches  lonir.  slender,  often  ik-iu1u1ous;  head-  !ong- 
peduneled;  niys  and  bracts  often  puri)le  tinned.     In  thickets,  New  York  to  Xivijinia. 

Aster  laterillorus  horizontalis  1  Dcsf.  1  lUirgcss. 
Asler  lu»i:oiilalis  lle^i  Cat.  Ilort,  Paris,  lid,  ,',.  .|o2.      1820. 

branches  long,  slen<ler,  widely  spreading;  leaves  llrm,  those  of  the  branches  viiy  small,  niu-tly 
entire;  heads  very  numerou-i;  rays  rather  large.     Southern  New  \  urk  to  X'irgiuia. 

66.    Aster  hirsuticaulis  Lindl. 
Hairy-stemmed  .\ster.     (Fig.  3S00.) 

Asler  hirsulicniilis  I.indl.;    DC.   I'rodr.  5;  242. 

As/ff  !nfni/!oi  us  liirsiiliiaiili^   Porter.   Mem. 
Torr.  Club.  5:   ,^24.      1894. 

Stem  .slender,  erect,  i '2°-,',"  hij.;li,  pubes- 
cent nearly  or  quite  to  the  base,  the  usually 
short  branches  spreading  or  ascending. 
Leaves  thin,  gl.ibrous  above,  usually  pubes- 
cent ou  the  niidvein  l)e".eatli,  serrate  with  a 
few  appressed  teeth,  or  entire,  linear-lanceo- 
late to  lanceolate,  sometimes  6'  long,  2"-~" 
wide,  sessile,  or  the  b:isal  ones  spatulate  and 
petioled;  heads  more  or  less  sccund  on  the 
branches,  densely  or  loosely  clustered,  often 
also  solitary  or  few  in  the  lower  axils;  bracts 
of  the  involucre  in  ,^  or  4  series,  linear-lan- 
ceolate, acuminate  or  acute;  rays  white, 
about  2"  long. 

In  woods  and  thickets,  New  York  and  Pcnn- 
sj-lvania  to  Kentucky. 


(..I-NTS  ',  r. 


TIIISTI.I-;   lAMIIA'. 


381 


67.  Aster  vimineus  I<aui.     vSinall  Wliite 
Aster.     ( l'i},\  3801.  ) 

A.:lfi   :  iiniiirii^  I.aiii.  ICiu-ycl.  I:  ,vi*V      I7!<,V 
A'itcr    Ti \idf^mn:i  T.  iS:  I'.,    l'"l.   X.  A.  2:   121).       i~(i. 
Not  I..  175,;. 

(iliilirous  or  nearly  so  tlirougliout;  stem  slender, 
ilivergeiitly  liraiielieil,  2°-5 '  HiKli.  Stem  Icives 
linear-IaiucoLitc,  entire,  or  with  a  few  low  teeth, 
,;'-,s'  long,  2"-4"  wide,  acnminale  at  the  apex, 
narrowed  to  a  sessile  base,  those  of  the  branches 
mueh  smaller;  heads  very  nniiierons,  small,  ,i"-.s" 
broad,  1" -\"  high,  generally  densely  raocmose- 
seonnd,  short-pcduf.cled;  involucre  broadly  turb- 
inate, its  bracts  linear,  acnte  or  acntish,  imbricated 
in  about  ;  scries,  green-tip]ied,  appressed;  ravs 
numerous,  about  2"  long,  while;  pappus  white; 
achencs  minutely  pid)escent. 

In  niui--l  ^nil,  (  Mitariii  to  b'lorida,  ucsitu  Mimicsota 
and  Arkan-,iv.     Aug.   Sept. 
Aster  vimineus  foliolosus  1  Ail.  !  A.  Cirav,  Svn.  V\.  i: 
I'art  J.  1.S6.      iSs). 
A^lcr  folioloius  Ail.  Ilorl.  Ktw.  3;  im(.      I7S(|. 

bninchc-i  ascending',  very  leafy;  heads  panir\dalc. 
<c,nii.ly  -ecinul,  less  d>  ii-ely  cluslcrid.     Massacluisttts  ic 

Aster  vimnieiis  Columbianiis  lirillou. 
Minutely  pubescent,  2  -4    higli,  llie  slender  brandies  ascending;  leaves  linear  to  lineardanceo- 
lale,  llio-e  of  tile  --teni  delle.ved;  heads  about  i'  broad;  ravs  red  purple,     IVrliaiis  ailistiiicl  siiecies. 
Hisuicl  of  Coluniliia  to  New  York. 


\'ii};inia,  Illinois  and  Misso 


68.    Aster  niultiflorus  Ail. 


•V\ 


u 


Dense-llowered  .\sler.     White  Wreath  Aster. 
(Fig.  3802.  ) 

Asli-r  )inilliflonis  Wi.  llort.  Kew.  3:20;.       17S11. 
A.sler  miillijtoi  us  var.  s/i  iiiiamli^  T.  >S;  l'..  M.  X.  .V.  2. 

I2,v         l8.|I. 

Stem  strict,  much  branched  and  bushy,  rough- 
pubescent  or  scabrous,  i"  7^  I'i.gl'i  Ihe  branches 
ascending  or  spreading.  Leaves  rigid,  linear  or 
linear-oblong,  entire,  mostly  obtuse,  sessile  or 
slightly  clasping  at  the  base,  rough  and  ciliate, 
tlio.se  of  the  stem  jz'-i'/i'  'ong,  those  of  the 
branches  very  small  and  crowded;  heads  y'-.\" 
broad,  densely  crow<led,  nearly  sessile,  sometimes 
slightly  secuiul  on  the  branches;  involucre  turbin- 
ate, 2"-y  high,  its  bracts  coriaceous,  pubescent, 
in  .1  or  4  series,  their  short  green  tips  obtuse  or  mu- 
cronate,  spreading;  rays  10-20,  while,  !  ',"-2"  long; 
pappus  brownish  while;  achenes  puberulent. 

Ill  dry  open  pl.uxs.  Maine  and  (Uitario  to  the  Xortli- 
west  Tenilovy  and  lirilisli  Coliinibia,  south  to  Ceorjfia, 
'I'e.xasaiid  .Vii/on.i.  Called  also  l"all-ll.j\ver.    Aiifj.-Xov. 


Aster   incanopilosus  (LiiuU.  )  Sheldon. 
White  Prairie  Aster.     (Fig.  3803. ) 

A.'/tr  riiiiiii!''su.\-  var.  iiu\iiii>pihisiis  I.iiidl.  in  I'C.  I'rodr. 

5:  24,^     iS,;(). 
A^lfi  iiuillirtiii  iisy.w.  iOiiiiiiKliiliis  T,  >S;  ('..  b'l.  X.  .\.  2:  1  2,s. 

1--4I. 
A<lrr  lomniitlatus  \.  Cray,  Syii.  1"1.  I:  I'art  2,  iS.s.       iSS4. 
.).  i)uaiiof'i!(tsiis  .Slieldon,  lUiU.  Torr.  Club,  20:  2SI1.     iSo;. 

Similar  to  the  preceding  species,  except  in  the  in- 
florescence, the  stem  rough-pubescent,  or  sometimes 
nearly  glabrous,  i  '2^-2!^°  high,  with  ascending  or  di- 
vergent branches.  Leaves  linear  or  linear-oblong,  ob- 
tuse, entire,  sessile  or  slightly  clasping  at  the  base, 
those  of  the  stem  \'-},'  long;  heads  larger  than  those 
of .  /.  Diullitlorus,  6"-S"  broad,  involucre  ,i"-4"  high, 
its  bracts  squarrose-tipped  and  sometimes  foliaceous; 
rays  2'3-5,o,  about  y  long. 

On  prairies  and  alotiR  rivers.  Northwest  Territory  lo 
western  Nebraska  and  Texas,  west  to  Oregon,  flali  and 
New  Mexico.     .^ug.-Oct. 


! 


3^2  CnMI'OSITAI'. 

Aster  tenuifolius  I..     Perennial  Salt-marsh 


[\-.>i..  III. 


\st(.'r.     (  I''ig.  3804.  ; 

.IvVc;- /(■i--;///ii//'/i.v  I,.  Sp.  ri.  87;.      i7,s,(. 
A^ln-  /lexii,isii\  Null,  (kii.  2:  151.      iSiS, 

reretinial,  j^labrous  and  (Ifsliy;  stem  flexiupus, 
striate,  at  Itasl  when  dry,  s])ariii);ly  and  loosely 
branched,  1°  j'  liinli.  Stem  leaves  linear,  en- 
tire, acnlc,  sessile  or  partly  clasjiin^'  at  the  base, 
the  lowest  laiu'eolate-lincar,  j'-h'  loni;,  2"-y" 
wide,  those  of  the  branches  minute,  Ijracl-like, 
appressed;  heads  rather  few,  (■>"-\i"  broad, 
tenninatinj;  the  branches;  involucre  turbinate, 
about  1"  high,  its  bracts  lanceolate,  acuminate 
or  niucronate,  ^bdirous,  green  on  the  back  or 
tip,  appressed,  imbricated  in  about  =;  scries,  the 
outer  shorter;  rays  numerous,  longer  than  the 
pappus,  pale  purple  or  nearly  white;  pappus 
tawny;  achenes  hispid-pubescent,  5-nerved. 

Ill  salt  marshes,  coast  of  MaBsacliusi.tl-  in  l'"iiir 
id.i.     Auk.   Oct. 


71.    Aster  exilis   Ivll.     Slim  Aster. 


.\.slei  i-xilis  lUl.  Hot.  S.  C,  S:  C.a.  2:  t,.\.\. 
Aslir  di:ai  i,a/ii.i  T.  N:  t'>.  I'l.  N.  A.  2: 16.5. 


1.S2(. 

1S41. 


Not  I, 


Annual,  glabrous,  fleshy;  stem  slender,  usually  much 
branched,  the  branches  usually  divergent.  Leaves  linear 
to  linear-lanceolate,  i'-.)'  long,  l"-2N"  wide,  entire, 
sessile,  acute  or  acuminate,  or  the  lowest  narrowly  ob- 
long, y-.\"  wide  and  pctioled,  those  of  the  branches 
subulate;  heads  numerous,  panicled,  about  5"  broad;  in- 
volucre cainpannlate,  about  3"  high,  its  bracts  linear- 
subulate,  appressed,  imbricated  in  ,;  or  4  series;  rays  pur- 
plish, about  2"  long,  mostly  fewer  than  the  disk-flowers, 
louger  than  the  j)appus;  achenes  somewhat  pubescent. 

In  moist  or  wet  soil,  especially  in  saliiU'  situations.  Kansas 
to  Ttxas,  ,Soutli  Carolina  and  I'lorida.     .\uij.-(lct. 


72.    Aster  subulatus  Michx. 


Aiimial  Sall-niar.sh  Aster.      ( FiR.  3806.) 

.li/rr  sii/iii/li/ks  'Itlichx.  I'l.  lior.  Am.  2;  in.       is,r,. 
.Is/fi-  /iniYc/iii.s  T.   N:   ('..  Fl.   N.  A.  2.  162.       1^41. 
Not  I,.   '1753. 

Annual, glabrous  and  fleshy  ;stem  pauiculately 
branched,  flexuous  above,  1^-6'  high,  slightly 
angled,  sometimes  i'  in  diameter  at  the  base, 
but  usuallj- smaller.  Stem-leaves  linear-lanceo- 
late, acute,  entire,  sessile  by  a  broad  or  slightly 
clasping  base,  2'-io'  long,  i"-.S"  wide,  those  of 
the  branches  very  small  and  subulate;  heads 
numerous,  ^''-5"  broad;  involucre  campanulate, 
W.%  or  at  length  heniisi^heric,  2"-3"  high,  its  bracts 
''"'^~  liuear-subulate,  green,  imbricated  in  ;,  or  4  series, 
the  outer  shorter;  rays  20-30,  purplish,  scarcely 
exceeding  the  nearly  white  pappus,  more  numer- 
ous than  the  disk-flowers;  achenes  compressed, 
minutely  pubescent. 

In  salt  marshes,    coast  of    New   Hani]ishiif   tu 
l''lorida.     Aug.-Nov. 


Ol.Nl'S 


•1 


IIIISTI.I'    I'AMIIA'. 


I'. 


I'l.ir- 


] 


/ ,/ 


1  >iJ,v 

1<4I. 


32.    LEUCELENE  (Ireeiie,  Pittoiiia,  3:  147.       1896. 

Low  jicreiinial  licrlis,  witli  much  liraiiclicd  k-afv  stt'tns,  sessile,  rntlier  riniil,  Uiirrowciilin' 
leaves  anil  small  heads  of  both  tubular  ami  radiate  whitu  (lowers,  solitary  at  the  ends  of  the 
numerous  slcndiT  hrauchlcts,  involucre  tuthinate,  its  hracts  well  imhricateil.  Disk-flowers 
perfect,  their  coroll.is  white,  tuhularfniiuclform,  s-toothed.  Kay-llowcrs  numerous,  wliite, 
or  drying  rc<l  to  rose,  ])istillate.  Style  api)endages  acutish,  Aiheiies  elongated,  llattencd, 
liispidulous.  I'ajipus  a  single  series  of  slender  rough  white  bristles.  |(ircck,  referring  to 
the  white  disk.] 

iif  till  siiiitlnvisteni  Slates  and  Mcxim, 


Rose  Heath  Aster. 


(FiR.  :,8o7.) 


sliire   to 


I  )iie  speeics.  or  more,  ii;itiv<- 

I.    Leucelene  ericoides  ('roir. )  Greene. 

/iiiildi})  iriioh/iwTiixr.  Ann.  I,ye.  N.  N'.  2:  2\j.      i8jS. 
A^lt  I  fi  iau'/'nliii^  kotlirocU,  Hot.  C.az.  2:  7.1.       IS;;. 
/. niciiriir  niiniitis  Cwi:ni:,  I'ittonia,  3:  1)8.      iStw. 

.Stems  tufted  from  deep  woody  roots,  corymbosely 
much  branched,  /-  12'  high,  hispid  or  scabrous, 
the  t)rauche.screct  or  cliifuse.  Leaves  hispid-ciliatc, 
erect,  or  slightly  spreailing.  obtnsish  or  mucronu- 
late,  the  lower  and  basal  ones  spatulate,  ,'/'-<<" 
long,  tapering  into  short  petioles,  the  upper  ses- 
sile, linear  or  linear-spatnlatc;  heads  terminating 
the  branches,  5"-.S"  broad;  involucre  broadly  tur- 
binate, its  brails  lanceolate,  apprcssed,  scarious- 
margined,  imbricated  in  ,i  or  4  series;  rays  12-15, 
while  to  rose,  j"-.)"  long, 

III  dry  soil,  westeiii  Nebniska  to  K.insas,  Texas  and 
Mexico,  west  to  California.     May  .Xng. 


33.    BRACHYACTIS  Ledcb.  Fl.  Ross.  2:  495.       1846. 

Annual,  nearly  glabrous,  somewhat  llcsliy  lierbs,  with  narrow  chiefly  entire  leaves,  and 
small  racemose  or  racemose-paniculate  heads  of  tubular,  or  also  radiate  puriilish  flowers.  In- 
volucre campatinlato.  Central  flowers  of  the  head  few,  perfect,  their  narrow  corollas  4-5- 
toothed;  outer  flowers  pistillate,  usually  in  2  series  or  more,  and  more  numerous  than  the 
perfect  ones;  style-appendages  lanceolate;  rays  very  short,  or  none.  Achenes  2- vnerved, 
slender,  appressed-pubescent.  I'appus  a  single  series  of  nearly  white  bristles.  [Cireek. 
short  rays.] 

Abimt  5  spicies,  iialivis  of  wcstirti  Nortli  -Anurici  and  iiortliern  .Asia. 

I.    Brachyactis  angtistus  (I.iiKll.)  Hritton.     Rayless  Aster.     (  Fi^.  3S0S.  ) 

V'l  i/m/iiiiil  il  11;^  II  si  Kin   I.indl,;  Hook.   1"1.    Hor.   .\\n.   2, 

'5.       KS34. 
Asler  aiii;i(.slus  T.  N:  ('■.  l''l.  N.  .\.  2;  162.      1S41. 

Stem  usu.dlj'  sparselv  pubescent,  at  least  above, 
racemosely  or  rarely  jjaniculately  branched,  6'-24' 
high,  striate,  at  least  when  dry.  Leaves  linear, 
fleshy,  ciliate  on  the  margins,  acutish,  entire,  sessile 
by  a  rather  broad  base,  the  basal  (when  present) 
spatulate;  heads  4"-6"  broad,  racemose  on  the  as- 
cending branches,  or  terminating  them;  involucre 
campanulate  or  nearly  hemispheric,  2 "-3"  high, 
its  bracts  linear  or  liuear-oblong,  somewhat  foli- 
aceous,  green,  acute  or  obtuse,  imbricated  in  2  or  3 
series,  glabrous  or  slightly  ciliate,  nearly  equal ; 
rays  none,  or  rudimentary;  pappus  soft  and  copious. 

In  wet  saline  soil,  or  soinctinics  in  waste  places, 
Minnesota  to  tlie  Northwest  Territory,  Itah  and  Colo- 
rado.    I'Ound  also  about  Chicago.     July-Sept. 


384 


CoMI'oSlTAi;. 


LVoi,.  III. 


34.    MACHAERANTHERA   NVos,  ('.en.  iV  Sp.  Ast.  2:4.       1832. 

\iiiiii.il,  liifiitiiiil  01  ])C'rL'iiiiiaI  hrMMclu'il  IutIis,  willi  liMly  xtfiiis,  ;iltrrii;iU',  iiidsIIv  siTiatc  or 
liiiituitiliil  liMvcs,  tlif  U'clh  or  lobes  usually  liristlo-lippod,  aii<l  lar^o  lii-ailsof  lioth  Uilnilar  ami 
radiate  (lowers.  InvoliUTf  of  iniiiicrous  series  of  iiiiUrii'ated  ciiiicsieiil  or  ).;lanilidar  lirai'ts 
willi  lierbai'eous  or  foliai'Cous  spreading;  or  appressed  lips.  Kcceplai'lc  alveolate,  the  alveoli 
iisu.illy  toothed  or  lacerate.  Kay  llowers  mmieroiis,  violet  to  red  or  purple,  pistillate.  1  lisk 
flowers  ])crfect,  their  corollas  liihiilai,  s-h)hed,  yellow,  ehaiii^inii  to  red  or  brown;  .iiithers 
e\scrtC(l,  append. i,i.;eil  at  the  tip,  rounded  at  the  base;  style-ap|)endaj;is  subulate  to  lauico- 
latc.  .V'.'licnes  turbinate,  narrowed  below,  pubescent.  Tajipus  of  numerous  still' roii).;h  un- 
ec|ual  bristles,     [('.reek,  sickl.'-anther.  | 

Abdiil  IS  species,  natives  of  ui—tirti  N'mtli  Auuriea. 
AuiUKil  111  biennial;  leaves  piniiatniil.  1.   .1A  liiiti<'i'li/',>li(i. 

I'ereiitiial  Ml  biennial;  le.ives  sharply  ■•in  lU  .  J.   .1/.  u'.ssi/i/lin ,i. 


I.    Machaeranthcra  tanacetifolia  (Il.Ii.K.)  Xees. 
I  >aoi,'cr-llii\vcr.      ',  Imr.  3S09. ) 


Taiisv  .\stcr. 


Ast. 


.■\s/i-i  Uiiiaciiifnliii-.  il.li.K    Nov.  Cm.  S|i.  4;'/S 
iMtitliiiiiiiiillicia  lannttlii'olia  Nies,  (leii.   N:  S|i 
225-        1^.^-'- 

.\nnual  or  biennial;  stem  nl:iiidular-]mlHSccnt, 
often  viscid,  densely  leafy,  inucli  branched  ami 
bushy,  1  2°  hi.uh.  Leaves  sessile,  or  sliort-jieti- 
oled,  pubescent,  the  lowest  I'-j'  lou),',  2-,VI'iiinati- 
lid,  their  lobes  linear  or  oblong,  acute  or  inueron- 
ato,  the  upper  pinn.ililid,  those  of  the  branches 
S(nnetinies  entire;  licads  numerous,  corynib<ise- 
])anicul.ite,  1'  2'  broad;  involucre  hemispheric, 
.\"  6"  hinh,  its  bracts  linear,  glamlular,  imbricated 
in  5-7  .scries,  their  j,'reen  tips  very  siiuarrose;  rays 
15-25,  violet-purple,  5"  s"  louu,  ]).ippus  copious. 
tawnv;  achenes  villous. 


In  dry  '•oil,  Nebraska  t. 
Calitornia.    June  .Auu. 


Tix.is  ,uul  Ml 


2.   Machaeranthcra  sessiliflora  (Xtitt.) 

(iixciic.      X'iscid  .\slor.      (  Imj;.  ^Sio.  ) 
liifli-ria  '(  f'i/if/.'id  Null.  Tiiin>.  .\m.  I'hil.  .Soc,  7,  vi. 

LS),,. 

Afaclineiunlliri  It    m-\^i/i//iii  17   (Iritne,  IMttmiiii,  3:   ("m. 
iSo'). 

Stem  usually  stout,  finch  rouj,'h-pubescciit  or 
canescent,  branched,  iv\  visciil-glandular  above, 
1  -2  higli.  Leaves l.nnceolate,  linear,  or  the  lowest 
spatulate.  sessile,  somewhat  viscid,  sharply  incised- 
deutate,  the  larger  i'  ,-/  long,  the  teeth  bristle-tip- 
))ed;  heads  numerous,  racemose,  or  corymbose  above, 
I'-'Jz' broad,  the  lower  often  nearly  sessile;  invo- 
lucre liroailly  turbinate  or  liemispheric,  -("-ii"high, 
its  l)racts  acute,  inil;ricated  in  '1  10  series,  their  tips 
strongly  squarrose;  rays  numerous,  violet,  4"-t<" 
long;  pappus  copious;  achenes  narrow,  appressed- 
pubescent. 

In  dry  soil,  central  and  western  Nebraska.  Has  been 
referred  to  .-ts/rr  taiiCHiiis.     ]uly-t)ct. 

35.  ERIGERON  L.  Sp.  PI.  863.  1753. 
Uranching  or  sciipose  herbs,  with  alternate  or  basal  leaves,  an<l  corymbose,  paniculate  or 
solitary,  peduncled  heads,  of  both  tubular  and  radiate  (rarely  all  tubular )  flowers.  Involucre 
hemispheric  or  campanulate,  its  bracts  narrow,  nearly  equal,  imbricated  in  but  i  or  2  scries 
iu  oui  species.  Receptacle  nearly  flat,  usually  naked.  Ray-flowers,  in  our  species,  white, 
violet  or  purple,  pistillate.  Disk-flowers  yellow,  tubular,  perfect,  their  corollas  mostly  5- 
lobcd.     Anthers  obtuse  and  entire  at  the  base.     Stvle-hranches  more  or  less  flattened,  their 


T   7f 


<'il.Ni  s  ;,5  ] 


TIIISTLI';    lAMIIA'. 


385 


"i 


tippeiiilH};cs  short,  mostly  rounded  or  obtuse.  Aclicncs  flattened,  usually  2.nerved.  I'appus- 
liristlcs  fra^;ik',  -.lender,  scabrous  or  ilenticulate,  in  I  scries,  or  often  on  additional  outer 
sliorter  series.     |i Ireek,  early-old,  alliidiii){  to  the  early  hoary  pappus.] 

A  Ktiuis  nf  sonii'  1  VI  species,  of  wide  KeoKrapliie  distrilmlimi,  mi)>.l  abundaiil  ill  tlie  New  World. 
Ill  ulilitinti  1(1  tlie  rolliiwinif,  aliuut  m  others  nccur  in  tile  sniiilieiii  and  western  parts  of  Notlli 
.Vineric.i. 

Raya  Iohk.  narruw,  uaually  equalling  or  longer  than  the  diameter  of  the  diak. 
I   Stem  1     10'  hiifli,  si'iiple,  leafy;  liead  solit.iry;  involucre  woolly.  I.   A",  niii/li'iits. 

f   I   .Stem  4'-,V'  liiRli,  leafy,  usually  branched;  invcdncre  hirsute  or  ({lalirous. 
1.  Knots  perennial,  thick  and  woody, 
lleails  I  -J   hroad;  leaves  lanceolate,  ovate,  olilotiK,  or  spatulate. 
Kays  violet  or  inirjile;  stem  leaves  ovate,  laiueol,ite,  or  oblong, 
.Stem  leaves  linear  lanceolate,  the  upper  miK-h  smaller. 
Stem-leaves  ovate  lanceol.ite,  the  upper  littK  smaller. 
Kays  mostly  white;  stem-leaves  linear  or  liiiearoblon|{. 
Heads  '.'1'  hroad;  leaves  linear, 

riaiits  hirsute  or  caiicseent;  pappus  double;  western  species, 
.Stem  hirsute;  aclienes  pubescent ;  llowers  white. 

Stem  apiiressed-canescent;  aclienes  (jlalinnis;  llowers  purple  01  white.  6. 
I'lant  nearly  glabrous;  jiappus  simple  ;  northern  7. 

2.  I'erennial  by  <leciimbent  rooting  stems  or  stolons.   S.  A",  jlagellaris. 
3.   Roots  annual  or  biennial,  libroiis;  plants  often  perennial  by  olTsets. 


,S. 


A",  asftfr, 

A',  ui/i/riiifrvi'i 

E.  cafspilnsHs. 


E.  pumilis. 
E.  mil  us. 

E.  /ivufifii/tiliifi 


9,  E.  pulchellHs. 


10.  E.  PItilaJelphicus. 
It.  E.  dive>xens. 

12.  E.  Hi'tlidiaslnim. 

I  J.  E.  a  nun  us, 

14.    A'.  ftllllllSHS. 

Is.  E.  zvinus. 


Heads  r    1  '.'  broad,  few;  stem  simple;  eastern. 
Heads  '.     i'  broad,  nunierous;  stem  branched. 
Ka>s  liiij  15(1,  narrow,  mostly  jjurple  or  violet. 

I'appus  simple;  jilant  erect,  corymbosely  branched. 
Pappus  double;  plant  diffusely  branched,  western. 
Kays  much  less  numerous,  imrplish  or  white. 

riaiits  (■)'   12'  liiKli,  dilTuse,  western;  pappus  simple. 
I'lants  r  -3    liiKli.  erect,  corymbosely  branched;  pappus  double 
Stemleaves  lanceolate,  nearly  all  sharply  serrate. 
Stem-leaves  linear  lanceolate  or  oblong,  nearly  all  entire. 
f  t  t  .Stem  lealless  or  nearly  so;  iuads  '  '  broad,  corymbose, 
■!<•   ■::-   Rays  inconapicuous  or  short;  a  row  of  tubular  pistillate  Howera  inside  the  row  of  rays 

16.   A",  ao  IS. 

I.   Erigeron  unifldrus  I.,.     Arctic  Krigeroii. 
(Fig.  381 1.) 

El  if;eioii  iiniflorus  I,.  Sp.  PI.  864.       1753. 

I'erenuial  by  short  branching  rootstocks;  stctns  slender, 
single  or  tufted,  more  or  less  pubescent,  simple,  erect,  I'-io' 
higli.  Basal  leaves  petioled,  spatulate,  obtuse,  entire,  i'-2' 
long;  stem-leaves  sessile,  lanceolate  or  linear-lanceolate,  en- 
tire, acute  or  obtuse;  head  solitary,  peduncled,  H'-i'  broad; 
rays  about  uio,  purple  or  purplish,  2"-4"  long;  involucre 
hemispheric,  its  bracts  linear-lanceolate,  acute,  copiously 
woolly;  pappus  simple. 

W  Labrador  and  Arctic  America  to  .\laska,  south  in  the  Rocky 
Mountains  to  Colorado  and  in  the  Sierra  Nevada.  .Mso  in  Kurope. 
Summer. 


2.    Erigeron  asper  Nutt.     Rough 
Erigeron.     (Fig.  3812.) 

Eiigeroii  asper  Nutt.  Oen.  2:  147.      1818. 
Eiififioii .i^lahellus  Nutt.  Inc.  cit.      1818.? 

Perennial  by  a  woody  root;  stem  simple,  or 
branched  above,  more  or  less  pubescent,  sometimes 
hirsute,  6'-24'  high.  Leaves  glabrous,  pubescent 
or  ciliate,  entire,  the  basal  ones  spatulate,  obtuse, 
2'-4'  long,  3"-i'  wide,  narrowed  into  margined 
petioles;  stem  leaves  oblong-lanceolate  or  linear- 
lanceolate,  obtuse  or  acute,  the  upper  smaller; 
heads  several  or  solitary,  slender-peduncled,  i'-2' 
broad;  involucre  hemispheric,  its  bracts  linear, 
acute,  hirsute  or  pubescent;  rays  100-150,  very 
narrow,  violet,  purple,  or  nearly  white,  4"-7" 

;  pappus  double,  the  outer  row  of  bristles  much  shorter  than  the  inner. 

dry  soil,  Minnesota  to  Nebraska,  west  to  the  Northwest  Territorj-,  I'tah  and  New  Mexico. 

-.Sept.  2,5 


long 

In 
June 


386 


CO.Ml'OSITAE. 


[Vor..  in. 


3.    Erigeron  subtrinervis  Rydberg. 
Three-nerved  Fleabane.     (Fig.  3813.) 

A"(  11:0011  iilabi-lliisvwx.  mollis  .\.  Cirav,  I'loc.  Aciul. 
I'liila.  1863:  6.1,      iS{'i.(.     Nut  E.  iii'olli^  ]).  Don, 

l!Si)2. 
]:rif;,-ioii  .■iuhlfhtervis  Ryilbcrff,  Mcin.Torr.  Club, 
5:' ,-,28.      1S94. 

Similar  to  the  preceding  species,  perennial  by 
a  woody  root,  finely  pnbescent  all  over.  vStenis 
leafy  to  the  inflorescence;  leaves  entire,  thin, 
the  basal  and  lower  ones  oblanceolatc  to  oblong, 
obtuse  or  acute,  petioled,  the  upper  lanceolate 
or  ovate-lanceolate,  sessile  or  [somewhat  clasp- 
ing, acute,  rather  distinctly  ,^-nerved;  heads 
i'-i%'  broad,  corymbose,  or  rarely  solitary;  in- 
volucre hemispheric,  hirsute;  rays  numerous, 
blue  to  pink;  pappus  double,  the  outer  bristles 
very  short. 

vSoutli  Dakota  to  Nebraska  and  I'tah. 


4.    Erigeron  caespitosus  Xutt. 
Tufted  Ivrigeron.     (Fig.  3814.) 

Di/>topa(>f>us  canescens  Hook.  I'l.  Hor.  \m.  2:  2J. 

iS,v(.     Not  K.  canescens  WilUl.      1S04. 
En'pcroii  cacsf'ilosus  Niitt.  Trans.  Am.  I'liil.  Sue. 

(il,)7:.S07.      1S41. 

Perennial  by  a  deep  root;  stems  tufted,  canes- 
cent,  simple,  or  branched  above,  6'-i2'  high. 
Leaves  canescent  or  pubescent,  entire,  the  lower 
and  basal  ones  petioled,  narrowly  oblanceolate 
or  spatulate,  obtuse  or  acutish,  i'-3'  long;  stem 
leaves  linear  or  linear-oblong,  acute  or  obtuse, 
sessile,  the  upper  gradually  shorter,  heads  soli- 
tary or  several,  short-peduncled,  I'-i^'i' broad; 
involucre  hemispheric,  its  bracts  lanceolate  or 
linear-oblong,  acute,  canescent;  rays  .10-60,  3"- 
6"  long,  white  or  pinkish;  pappus  double,  the 
outer  series  of  bristles  very  short. 

In  dry  soil,  JIanitolia  and  the  Northwest  Terri- 
tory to  Nebraska  1  according  to  Webber  1,  New 
Mexico  and  California.     June  .\ug. 


5.   Erigeron  pCimilus  Nutt.     Low  luigeron. 
(^■ig.38i5-) 

ICriorioii  f>ii>niliis  Null.  Gen.  2:  1.(7.      1818. 

I't.ennial  by  a  deep  root;  stems  tufted,  hirsute, 
slender,  simple,  or  branched,  4'-io'  high.  Leaves  en- 
tire, liirsute,  the  lower  aiul  basal  ones  narrowly  spatu- 
late or  linear,  petiolvd,  obtuse  or  acutish,  I'-l'  long, 
l"-2  '  wide;  stem  leaves  linear,  sessile,  ,'2'-2'''  long, 
acute;  heads  solitary  or  several,  6"- 10"  broad,  short- 
peduncled;  involucre  hemispheric,  its  bracts  linear, 
acute,  hirsute;  rays  50-80,  white,  3"-4"  long,  at 
length  dcflexed;  pappus  double,  the  outer  row  of 
bristles  short  and,  more  or  less  intermi.ved  with  the 
inner;  achcucs  pubescent. 

•  IlDry  plains.  Northwest  Territory  to  western  Nebraska, 
west  to  liritisli  Columbia,  Colorado  and  llah.     May-Sept. 


■;  is 


Gkni's  .vs.] 


THISTIJ';   FAMILY. 


387 


6.    Erigeron  canus  A.  Gray.     Hoary 

J^rigeroii.     (Fig.  3816.) 

J:'i  ii;eriiit  c'liiius  A.  liiay,  Mem,  Am.  .Vc.iil.  ( IH  4:  67.     iSjq. 

rcrcniiial  by  a  deep  woody  root,  reseinblinj.;  the 
preceding  species;  stems  slender,  erect,  tufted,  ap- 
presscd-canescent,  6'-io'  high,  simple,  or  branched 
above.  Leaves  narrow,  entire,  canescent,  the  basal 
and  lower  ones  narrowly  spatulate,  petiolcd,  2'  .[' 
long,  the  upper  linear,  sessile,  acute,  gradually  smaller; 
heads  solitary,  or  2-4,  pcduncled,  ()"-S"  liroad;  invo- 
lucre hemispheric,  its  bracts  linear,  acute,  densely 
canescent;  rays  4o-,su,  ]>urple  or  white,  2"-y  long; 
nchenes  glabrous,  S-m-nerved;  pappus  double,  the 
outer  row  of  bristles  rather  conspicuous. 

In  dry  snil,  wislcru  Nebraska  ami  WyDiiiiug  to  Colnrado 
and  New  Mexici).     June    VuK- 


\^i5  -^^  •;^^ 


7.    Erigeron  hyssopifolius  Michx. 
IIys.sop-leaved  Ivrigeroii.     (Fig.  3817.) 
JCrigeroii  liyssopifollus  MiclLv.  I'l.  lior.  .\ni.  2:  ii-;. 

.-ls/fi\i,na/iiiiii/o!riisVi\rsh,  V\.  .\m.  Sept.  ,s|.s.  iSi.|, 
I'erennial  by  slender  rootstocks;  steins  tufted 
or  single,  very  slendet,  simple  or  branched,  gla- 
brous or  very  nearly  so,  4'-l5'  high.  Leave  nar- 
row, thin,  the  basal  and  lower  ones  oblong  or 
spatulate,  short-petioled,  l'-i,'j'  long,  \}i"-2" 
wide, the  upper  bncar  or  lincar-oblong.acui^, usu- 
ally numerous;  heads  solitary  or  several,  slendcr- 
pedundcd,  .^''-S"  broad;  peduncles  appresscd 
pubescent,  involucre  hemispheric,  its  bracts  liu- 
ear-lanceolate,  sparingly  pubescent;  rays  2t>-3ci, 
white  or  purplish,  j"-^"  long;   pappus  simple. 

On  moist  clilT-i,  Newfoundland  to  tiortlurn  Ver 
mont,  west  to  tlic  Northwest  Territory  and  Lake 
.Superior.    July -Ann. 


8.    Erigeron  flagellaris  A.  Gray. 

Running  F'leabatie.     (Fig.  3S18.) 


dl)  4:  L'S.  "    1649. 


.\.  (Iray,  Mem.  Am.  Acad. 


Appresscd-pubcscent,  sometimes  densely 
so,  perennial  by  decumbent  rooting  stems  or 
stolons;  root  slender.  Stem  slender,  branch- 
ed, the  branches  elongated;  leaves  entire, 
the  basal  and  lower  ones  spatulate  or  oblong, 
obtuse  or  acute,  i'-2'  long,  narrowed  into 
long  jietioles,  the  u])per  sessile,  linear  or 
linearspatnlate,  nuich  smaller;  ])eduncles 
.solitary,  elongated;  heads  about  i'  broad 
and  '4  '  high;  involucre  hemispheric,  its  nar- 
row bracts  pubescent;  rays  very  inniierous, 
white  to  pink;  i)appus  double,  the  outer 
series  of  subulate  bristles. 

In  moist  soil,  .Soulli  Dakota  to  Colorado,  ftali, 
western  Texas  and  New  Me.\ieo.     May  July, 


388 


COMl'OSITAE. 


[Vol.  III. 


9.     Erigeron    pulchellus   Miclix. 
Robin's  or  Poor  Robin's  Plan- 
tain.     (Fig.  3819.) 

/•;.  pidcheUus  lliclix.  Fl.  Bor.  Am.  2:  124.  iSov 
Erigeron  hcllijifolius  Muhl.;  Willcl.  Sp.  PI.  3: 

ir)5S.       lSo.(. 

rereniiial  by  stOions  and  offsets,  villous- 
pubcscent;  stems  simple,  slender,  io'-24' 
higb.  nasal  leaves  tufted,  spatulate  or  obo- 
vate,  somewhat  cuncatc  at  the  base,  nar- 
rowed into  short  margined  petioles,  obtuse 
at  the  apex,  I'-y  long,  yi'-t'  wide,  dentate 
or  serrate;  stem-leaves  sessile,  partly  clasp- 
iug.oblong,  lanceolate  to  ovate,  mostly  acute, 
entire,  or  sparingly  serrate;  heads  1-6,  slen- 
der-peduncled,  I'-iYz'  broad;  involucre 
depressed-hemispheric,  its  bracts  linear, 
acuminate,  villous;  rays  numerous,  violet  or 
purplish,  .;"-""  long;  aclienes  nearly  gla- 
brous; pappus  simple. 

On  hills  and  banks,  Nova  Scotia  to  Ontario 
and  Minnesota,  south  to  Florida  and  Louisiana. 
Called  also  Rose  Petty,  Robert's  Plantain  and 
Hlue  Spring  Daisy.     April-June. 


10.    Erigeron  Philadelphicus  L,. 

Philadelphia  Fleabane.     Skevish. 
(Fig.  3820.) 

J-'rigeron  IViiladelphicus  L.  Sp.  PI.  S63.      1753. 

Terennial  bj'  stolons  and  offsets,  soft-pubes- 
cent or  sometimes  nearly  glabrous;  stems  slen- 
der, mostly  branched  above,  i°-3°  high.  Basal 
and  lo'ver  leaves  spatulate  or  obovate,  obtuse, 
dentate,  i'-^'  long,  narrowed  into  short  petioles; 
upper  stem-leaves  clasping  and  often  cordate  at 
the  base,  obtuse  or  acute,  dentate  or  entire; 
heads  several  or  numerous,  corymbose-panicu- 
late, 5"-i2"  broad,  slender- peduncled;  pedun- 
cles thickened  at  the  summit;  involucre  de- 
pressed-hemispheric, its  bracts  linear,  usually 
scarious-margined;  rays  100-150,  i"~i/'  long, 
light  rose-purple;  pappus  simple;  achcnes  pu- 
berulent. 

In  fields  and  woods,  tlirouKliout  North  .Vnierica 
except  the  extreme  no;th,  hut  locally  rare.  Buds 
drooping-.  Called  also  Sweet  Scabious  and  Daisy 
Fleabane.     April-.\ug. 


II.    Erigeron  divergens  T.  &  G. 

Spreading  Fleabane.     (Fig.  3821.) 
Erigeron  divergens  T.  &  G.  Fl.  N.  A.  1:  175.      1841. 

.Annual  or  biennial,  diffusely  branched,  i>'-\z' 
high,  densely  cinereous-pubescent  or  hirsute. 
Basal  and  lower  leaves  spatulate  or  oblanceolate, 
acute  or  obtuse,  mostly  petioled,  entire,  dentate 
or  lobed,  \'~2'  long,  1"-%"  wide,  the  upper  ses- 
sile, linear  or  narrowly  spatulate,  usually  acute, 
gradually  smaller;  heads  slender-peduncled,  8"- 
12"  broad,  usually  numerous;  involucre  hemi- 
spheric, about  1"  high,  its  bracts  linear,  acute, 
hirsute  or  canesccnt;  rays  about  100,  purplish, 
violet  or  nearly  white,  i"-^"  long;  pappus  double, 
the  short  outer  row  of  bristles  subulate. 

In  moist  soil,  Montana  to  Nebraska,  Texas  and 
Jlexico.  west  to  V'ashington  and  California.  April  - 
Sept. 


Gkms  ;i5.] 


TIIISTLK  FAMILY. 


12.    Erigeron  Bellidiastrum  Nutt. 
Western  Daisy  Fleabane.     (Fig.  3822.) 

Krii;eio)i  HfUiiliasli  ion  Null.  Trans.  Am.  Phil.  .Soc.  ill  i 
7:307.      1S41. 

.Annual,  much  branched,  6'-i$'  hi^h,  cinereous- 
pubescent  throughout.  Leaves  entire,  lincar-spalulatc, 
the  lower  and  basal  petiolcd,  l'-l,!j' long,  the  upper 
sessile  and  smaller;  heads  several,  or  numerous,  5"-S" 
broad;  involucre  hemispheric,  about  2"  high,  its 
bracts  linear,  hirsute,  acute;  rays  30-65,  purplish, 
about  2"  long;  pappus  a  single  series  of  capillary 
bristles. 

In  moist  soil,  Nebraska  and  Kansas  to  Texas.      Mav- 

July. 


In  fields,  Nova  Scotia  to  the  Northwest  ., ,  . 

Naturalized  in  continental  Europe.     Also  called  Daisy  Fleabane.     May-Nov 


13.   Erigeron  annuus  (L. )  Pens. 
Sweet  Scabious.     (F'ig.  3823.) 

Asler  ainnnis  L.  Sp.  I'l.  S75.      1753. 
Epigcroii  amiuiis  IV-rs.  Syn.  2:  .(,51.      1S07. 

Annual,  sparingly  pubescent  with  spreading 
hairs;  stem  erect,  corymbosely  branched,  i°-4° 
high.  Leaves  thin,  the  lower  and  basal  ones 
ovate  or  ovate-lanceolate,  mostly  obtuse,  pctioled, 
usually  coarsely  dentate,  2'-6'long,  i'-;,'  wide,  the 
upper  sessile  or  short-petioled,  lanceolate,  oblong, 
or  linear-lanceolate,  acute  or  acuminate,  mostly 
sharply  dentate  in  the  middle,  those  of  the  branches 
narrower  and  often  entire;  heads  rather  numerous, 
5"-7"  broad,  mostly  short-peduncled;  bracts  of 
the  hemispheric  involucre  somewhat  hispid;  rays 
40-70,  linear,  white,  or  commonly  tinged  with  pur- 
ple, 2'''-4''''  long;  pappus  double,  the  inner  a  series 
of  slender  fragile  deciduous  bristles,  often  wanting 
in  the  ray-flowers,  the  outer  a  persistent  series  of 
short,  partly  united,  slender  scales, 
ferrilory,  south  to  Virgfinia,  Kentucky  and  Missouri. 


14.    Erigeron  ramosus  (Walt.)  B.S.P. 
Daisy  Fleabane.     (Fig.  3824.) 

Doroniciim  ramosiim  Walt.  Fl.  Car.  205.  17S8. 
A",  sirisiosiis  Muhl. ;  Willd.  Sp.  PI.  3:  1956.  lAi). 
Eiit^eroii  ramosus  B.S.P.  Prel.  Cat.  N.  Y.  27.  i»8S. 
Resembles  the  preceding  species,  but  is  usu- 
ally lower  and  the  pubescence  more  appressed. 
Stem-leaves  linear-oblong  or  linear-lanceolate, 
nearly  all  of  them  entire;  basal  and  lowest  spat- 
ulate  or  oblong,  usually  serrate;  bracts  of  the 
involucre  glabrous  or  nearly  so;  pappus  similar 
to  that  of  the  preceiling;  rays  white,  or  some- 
times purplish,  occasionally  minute  or  wanting. 

In  fields,  Nova  Scotia  to  the  Northwest  Territory, 
south  to  Florida,  Louisiana  and  Te.x.is.     May-Nov. 

Erigeron  ramosus Beyrichii  iF.  &  JI. )  Smith  iS:  Pound, 

Bot.  Surv.  Neb.  2:  u.      i8<y. 
Sleiiaclis   Ilevricliii   V.  &.  M.    Index'  Sent.    Hort. 

Petrop.  5:  iS^S. 

Stem  more  slender;  leaves  narrower;  heads 
smaller;  pubescence  minute.  Georgia  to  Nebraska 
and  Texas. 


390 


COMPOSITAE. 


[Vol..  III. 


15.    Erigeron  vernus  (L.)  T.  &  (i. 
liarly  Fleal)ane.      (Fig.  3825.) 


Asler  :i'i  iii/s  I..  Sp.  PI.  S76.      1753. 

iiuiiiiaii/i\  Miclix.  Fl.  Hor,  Am.  2 


1803. 


■einiii  T.  iS:  G.  V\.  X.  .\.  2:  176. 


I2(. 

1S41. 


Perennial  t)y  stolons  and  ol'tsf  ts;  stem  slender, 
simple  or  branched  above,  glabrous,  or  the 
branches  pubescent,  i°-2ji°  high.  Leaves 
mainly  in  a  liasal  rosette,  glabrous,  obovate, 
oval  or  spatulatc,  obtuse,  repand-denticulate  or 
entire,  2'-Y  long,  narrowed  into  margined  pet- 
ioles; stem-leaves  mostly  reduced  to  subulate- 
lanceolate  scales,  the  lowest  sometimes  spatu- 
latc or  oblong;  heads  not  numerous,  corymbose, 
peduncled,  about  5"  broad ;  involucre  hemi- 
spheric, its  bracts  linear-subulate;  rays  2o-,^o, 
white  or  pink,  a"-^"  long;  pappus  simple; 
achcncs  usually  4-nerved. 

In  marshes  ,inii  moist  soil,  Virginia  to  Florida  and 
Louisiana.     April-JIay. 


16. 


Blue  or  Bitter 

3.S26.) 


Erigeron    acris    L. 
Fleabaiie.     (Fig 

Eiiffoon  an  is  I,.  Sp.  I'l.  86j.      175.1. 

Biennial  or  perennial;  stem  hirsute-i)ubescent 
slender,  simplf-,  or  branched  above,  6'-iS'  high. 
I,e;  'es  pubescent  or  glabrous,  entire,  the  basal  and 
lower  ones  spatulate,  mostly  obtuse,  i  '-3'  long, 
petiolcd,  those  of  the  stem  mostly  oblong  or  oblan- 
ceolate,  obtuse  or  acutish,  sessile,  shorter:  heads 
several  or  numerous,  racemose  or  paniculate,  pe- 
duncled, i"-f^"  broad;  involucre  hemispheric,  its 
bracts  linear,  hirsute;  rays  numerous,  purple, 
equalling  or  slightly  exceeding  the  brownish  pap- 
pus; tubular  pistillate  flowers  fdiform,  numerous; 
pappus  simple  or  nearly  so,  copious. 

Labrador  to  Btitish  Columbia,  south  in  tht'  Rocky 
Mountains  to  Colorado  and  ttali.  .Msoin  Kuropeand 
Asia.    July-Auif. 

Erigeron  acris  Droebachianus  id.  l-'.  Mueller)  lilytt, 
Norg.  Fl.  i:  562.      1S61. 
I'.iif;eron  Dioebachiaitns  O.  F.  Mueller.  Fl.  Dan.  />/.  Sj4. 

Fsually  taller  and  less  pubescent,  orglabrate;  involucre  nearly  glabrou; 
western  Ontario,  Alaska,  British  Columbia  and  Colorado.     Also  in  Furope. 

Erigeron  Acris  debilis  A.  Gray,  Syn.  Fl.   i:  Part  2,  220.      1884. 
Slightly  pilose-pubescent,  very  slender,  heads  few.     Range  of  the  last. 

36.  LEPTILON  Raf.  Am.  Month.  Mag.  2:  268.  1818. 
[C.\EN-OTU,s  Raf.  Fl.  Tell.  2:  50.  1S36.] 
Annual  or  biennial  herbs,  with  small  racemose  thyrsoid  or  panicled  heads  of  white  'low- 
ers, the  rays  small,  usually  shorter  than  the  diameter  of  the  disk,  or  none.  Involucre  mostly 
campanulatc,  its  narrow  bracts  in  2  or  3  series.  Receptacle  naked.  Ray-flowers  pistillate; 
disk-flowers  perfect,  their  corollas  usually  4-lobed  or  4-toothed,  the  anthers  obtuse  at  the  base; 
style-branches  somewhat  flattened,  their  appendages  short,  .\chenes  flattened.  Pappus  of 
numerous  simple  fragile  bristles  in  i  scries.     [Greek,  referring  to  the  small  heads.] 

.\bout  20  species,  natives  of  Amirica  and  Asia.  He.-.ides  the  following,  2  or  3  others  occur  in 
the  southwestern  I'nited  States  and  one  is  naturalized  from  Asia  on  the  soutlierii  Atlantic  avd  Pacific 
coasts. 


s.     New  Hruiiswick  to 


-f 


Cenus  3').] 


THISTIJC   FAMILY. 


39t 


I2t- 


1.    Leptilon  Canadense  (L.)  Britton. 

Horse-weed.     Canada  Fleabane. 

(Fig.  3827.) 

JCn'geroii  Canadensis  L.  Sp.  I'l.  S63.      1753. 

Stem  hispid-pubesfent,  or  glabratc,  3'-io° 
high,  the  larger  plants  paniculatcly  much 
branched.  Leaves  usually  pubescent  orciliatc, 
the  basal  and  lower  spatulate,  pctioled,  incised, 
dentate  or  entire,  I'-Y  long,  obtuse  or  acutish, 
those  of  the  stem  linear  and  mainly  entire; 
heads  usually  very  numerous;  about  2"  broad; 
involucre  campanulate,  i"-i'i'''  high,  its 
bracts  linear,  acute,  glabrate,  the  outer  shorter; 
rays  numerous,  white,  shorter  than  the  pappus 
and  mostly  shorter  than  their  tubes. 

In  fields  and  waste  places,  a  comtnoti  weed 
throughout  North  America  except  the  extreme 
nortli.  Widely  distributed  as  a  weed  in  the  Old 
World  and  in  South  .\nierica.  Called  also  hutter- 
weed,  Prideweed,  I'ireweed,  lilood  stauiicli.Cow's- 
or  Colt's  tail,  Hitter  weed.     Juiie-Nov. 


>a 


*«i 


■^I 
*^^^l 


2.    Leptilon  divaricatum  (Michx.)  Raf. 

Low  Horse-weed.     Purple  Horse-weed. 

(Fig.   3828.) 

En'ncroii  diz\irica/iis  Miehx.  Fl.  I!or.  \m.  2:  123.      1*0,5. 
Leptilon  diiat  icatiimTi.7sX.  I'l.  Tell.  2:  2(15.      I'^iS. 

Stem  dilTnsely  much  branched,  3'-i2'  high,  pubes- 
cent or  hirsute.  Leaves  all  linear  or  subulate,  entire, 
4"-i2"'  long,  about  ]z"  wide,  the  uppermost  minute; 
heads  numerous,  about  2"  broad;  involucre  campanu- 
late, \"  high,  its  bracts  linear,  acute,  pubescent,  the 
outer  shorter;  rays  purplish,  shorter  than  their  tubes. 

In  .sandy  soil,  especially  alongr  rivers,  Indiana  to  Minne- 
sota, soutli  to  Tennessee,  Louisiana,  Nebraska  and  Texas. 
June-Oct. 


37.    DOELLINGERIA  Nees,  Gen.  &  Sp.  Ast.  176.       1832. 

I'ereunial  leafy  herbs,  the  lower  leaves  reduced  to  scales  or  sheaths,  the  upper  large, 
mostly  entire,  acute  or  acuminate  in  our  species.  Rasal  leaves  none.  Heads  corymbose,  usu- 
ally numerous;  involucre  campanulate  to  hemispheric,  its  bracts  imbricated  in  several  series, 
apprcssed,  thin,  sometimes  scarious-margined,  their  tips  not  herbaceous  nor  foliaceous. 
Receptacle  foveolate.  Ray-flowers  white,  pistillate,  not  very  numerous.  Disk-flowers  per- 
fect, the  corolla  with  a  slender  tube  abruptly  expanded  into  a  campanulate  5-lobed  limb, 
white  to  greenish  in  our  species.  Anthers  obtuse  at  the  base;  style-appendages  ovate  to  sub- 
ulate I,  rarely  obtuse  ).  Achenes  obovoid,  glabrous,  or  pubescent.  Pappus  double,  the  outer 
series  of  tmmcrous  short  bristles  or  scales,  the  inner  .scries  of  long  capillary  bristles,  some 
or  all  of  which  have  thickeiied  tips.     [In  honor  of  Th.  Dollinger,  botanical  explorer.] 

About  4  sjiecies,  natives  of  eastern  North  America. 

Leaves  lanceolate  to  ovate;  lieads  mostly  numerous. 

Leaves  lanceolate  to  oblong-lanceolate,  acuminate.  1.   />.  uinbellala. 

Leaves  ovate  to  ovate-lanceolate,  .icute.  2.   P.  Iiiimilis. 

Leaves,  at  least  the  lower,  obovate;  lieads  comnionly  few.  3.  />.  infirina. 


392 


COMTOSITAK. 


[Vol..  iir. 


I.    Doellingeria  umbellata  (Mill.)  Nees. 
Tall  Flat-top  White  Aster.     (  Fig.  3829.  ) 

Aslci  iimMliTlus'^MW.  I'.iinl.  Diet.  VA.  S,  No.  22.  176s.. 
/>ip/of'nfif)iis  uin/)f/lii/iis\li.ntk.  l'l.)li)r..\in.  2  22.  183.1. 
/).  uiiihfihitc!  Net's,  I'.c-M.  i\:  Sp.  Ast.  17*^.      l^.iJ. 

!3teiii  j{'f>'"'°"*'  •"■  pubescent  above,  striate, 
coryinbosely  branched  at  the  summit,  a'  S-  hij;h. 
Leaves  lanceolate,  to  oblonjLt-lanccolale,  ascend- 
iuKi  glabrous  above,  usually  pubescent  on  the 
veins  beneath,  membranous,  acuminate  at  the 
apex,  narrowed  at  the  base  into  short  ]ietioles,  or 
the  uppermost  sessile,  hispid-!narj;iiieil,  those  of 
the  stem  5'-6'long,  N'-i' wide;  heads  numerous, 
6"-io"  broad,  in  terminal  compound  corymbs; 
involucre  broadly  campanulale  or  hemisphtric, 
I  }i"-2"  high,  its  bracts  lanceolate,  usually  pubes- 
cent or  ciliate,  acutish  or  obtuse,  iml)ricated  in  3 
or  4  series,  the  outer  shorter;  rays  m  15,  white; 
style-appendages  ovate,  acute;  pappus  nearly 
white;  achcncs  nerved,  slightly  pubescent. 
•  In  nioisl  soil,  Newfoundland  to  Gi.ornia.  west  to  the 

Northwest  Territory,  MicliiKan  and  .\rkansas.     ]uly-(>ct. 

Doellingeria  umbellata  piibens  (.■K.  dray)  liritton. 

Aslei  uvibellatiii  var.  fiuheiis  A.  Gray,  Syn.  I'M.  i:  I'art  2,  197.      1S84. 

Under  leaf-surfaces  pubescent.     Miciiigan  to  the  Norlliwest  Territory. 

2.  Doellingeria  humilis  (Willd. )  Britton. 

Broad-leaved  Flat-top  White  Aster. 

(Fig.  3830.') 

Asler  humilis  Willd.  Sp.  PI.  3:  203S.      1804. 

D.  annxdaliiia  Nees,  Gen.  iS:  Sp.  Ast.  179.      IJ<32. 

Asler  iimhellatus  var.  /a/i/oliiis  H.  Grav,  Syn.  Kl.  i: 

Part  2,  197.      1S84. 

Similar  to  the  preceding  species,  usually  lower, 
seldom  over  4°  high.  Stem  striate,  corymbosely 
branched  above,  glabrous,  or  somewhat  pubescent. 
Leaves  ovate  to  ovate-lanceolate,  rather  firm,  ses- 
sile, or  the  lower  very  short-petioled,  acute  or 
short-acumiuate  at  the  apex,  narrowed,  or  some- 
times rounded  at  the  base,  rough-margined,  those 
of  the  stem  i'-3'  long,  Jj'-z''  wide,  inflorescence 
as  in  D.  umhellafa  ;  pappus  dirty  white;  achenes 
.somewhat  pubescent. 

In  moist  soil,  southern  New  Jersey  and  Pennsylva- 
nia to  Florida  and  Texas.      July-.Sept. 


3.     Doellingeria    infirma    (Michx.) 

Greene.     Cornel-leaved  Aster. 

(Fig.  3831.) 

Aslei  ill fi I  mils  '^lichx.'PX.  lior.  .Viu.2:  io<i.    iSo^. 
Diplopappus  loi  iiifoliits  I.ess. ;  Darl.  I'"l.  Ce,>-tr. 

474-     is.r- 
D.  tiifirma  Greene,  Pittonia,  3:  ,>2.      iSq'j. 

Stem  slender,  glabrous,  or  roughish  above, 
sparingly  branched  at  the  summit,  terete, 
i>2°-3°  high.  Leaves  entire,  hispid-mar- 
gined, glabrous  above,  sparingly  hispid  on 
the  veins  beneath,  the  lower  obovate,  small, 
obtuse,  usually  .sessile,  the  upper  larger,  ob- 
long-lanceolate, acute,  2'-5'  long,  I'-i'j' 
wide;  heads  few,  about  1'  broad,  in  a  diver- 
gently branched  terminal  corymbose  cluster; 
involucre  broadly  campanulate,  1"-},"  high, 
its  bracts  oblong-lanceolate,obtuse,  sparingly 
pubescent,  imbricated  in  about  4  scries,  the 
outer  much  shorter;  rays  s-15,  white;  style- 
appendages  subulate;  pappus  tawny;  achenes  nerved,  glabrous. 

In  dry,  usually  rocky  soil,  Massachusetts  to  New  York,  Pennsylvania  and  Tf  nnessee.     .Vuif.-Sept. 


Genv-s  ,vS.] 


THISTLE   FAMILY. 


393 


38.    lONACTIS  Greene,  Pittonia,  3:  245.       1S97. 

Low,  mostly  branching,  perennial  herbs  with  numerous  narrow  entire  1 -nerved  leaves, 
anil  rather  large  and  showy  heads  of  tubular  and  radiate  flowers  terminating  the  stem  and 
branches.  Basal  leaves  none.  Involucral  bracts  coriaceous,  imbricated  in  several  series,  ap- 
pressed,  their  tips  not  herbaceous.  Kay-flowers  normally  violet,  pistillate.  Disk-flowers 
perfect,  the  corolla  with  a  campanidate  limb.  Achcnes  villous.  Pappus  double,  the  inner 
series  of  long  capillary  bristles,  the  outer  much  shorter.     [Greek,  violet  rays.] 

Tliric  known  specius,  natives  of  North  .America. 

I.    lonactis  linariifolius  (Iv. )  Greene.     Stiff  or  Savorv-leaved  Aster. 

(Fig.  3832.). 

Aslei  Unarii/(ilius\,.  Sp.  PI.  874.      i/.s-j. 
Di/ilo/ia/'fius/iiiani/o/itisllooii.  I'l.  Hor.  .\in.2;2i.  iS.vt- 
/oiiaclis  Ihtayit/oliiis  Greene,  Pittonia,  3:  245.     1897. 

Stems  tufted, stilT.puberulent  or  scabrous,  very  leafy, 
corymbosely  branclied  above,  6'-2°  high.  Leaves 
linear  or  spatulate,  spreading,  i-nerved,  rigid,  entire, 
rough,  usually  ciliolate  on  the  riargins,  mucronulate, 
cj"_i  S"  long,  i"-2"  wide,  sessile,  those  of  the  branches 
much  smaller  and  somewhat  appressed;  heads  several, 
terminating  the  branchlets,  about  1'  broad;  involucre 
broadly  turbinate,  its  bracts  lin.  ir-lanceolate,  keeled, 
green  on  the  back, appressed,imbricated  in  4  or  5  series, 
the  inner  obtuse,  the  outer  usually  acute;  rays  10-15, 
violet,  rarely  white,  A"~h"  long,  entire,  or  their  tips 
dentate,  or  even  laciniate;  pappus  bristles  iu  2  series, 
tawny,  the  outer  ones  setose;  achenes  silky. 

In  dry  or  rocky  soil,  Newfoundland  to  (Quebec  and 
Florida,  west  to  Minnesota,  Missouri  and  Te.xas.  Called 
also  Sandpaper-  or  PineStarwort.     July-Oct. 


39.    BACCHARIS  L.  Sp.  PI.  S6o.       1753. 

Dioecious  shrubs,  with  alternate  leaves,  and  small  paniculate  or  corymbose  heads  of  tu- 
bular flowers.  Involucre  campanulate  in  our  species,  its  bracts  imbricated  in  several  series, 
the  outer  shorter.  Receptacle  flat,  naked,  commonly  foveolate.  Corolla  of  the  pistillate 
flowers  slender,  that  of  the  staminatc  tubular,  s-lobed.  Anthers  obtuse  and  entire  at  the 
base.  Style-branches  narrow  or  subulate,  those  of  the  fertile  flowers  smooth,  exserted,  those 
of  the  sterile  flowers  rudimentary,  tipped  with  an  ovate  pubescent  appendage.  Achenes 
more  or  less  compressed,  ribbed.  Pappus  of  the  fertile  flowers  copious,  capillary,  that  of 
the  sterile  flowers  short.     [Named  for  Racchus;  originally  applied  to  some  different  shrubs.] 

About  275  species,  all  American,  most  abundant  in  South  .\merica.    Hesides  the  following,  some 
18  others  occur  ni  the  .southern  and  western  United  States. 
Shrubs;  pappus  of  fertile  flowers  in  i  or  2  series. 

Leaves  oblonp,  or  lance-oblong,  mostly  obtuse,  sparingly  dentate.  i.  />'.  saliciita. 

Leaves  deltoid-obovate,  or  oblong,  the  lower  coarsely  dentate.  2.  11.  halimifolia. 

Leaves  linear  or  linear-lanceolate,  mostly  acute,  sparingly  dentate.  },.  I!,  nee^lecta. 

Herbaceous,  from  a  woody  base;  pappus  of  fertile  flowers  in  several  series,  4.  II.  If^iiglilii. 

I.    Baccharis  salicina  T.  &.  G.     Willow 
Baccharis.     (Fig.  3833.) 

liacchaiis  salicina  T.  &  G.  1"1.  N.  A.  2:  258.      1841. 

.A  glabrous  glutinous  much-branched  shrub,  3°-C)"' 
high,  the  branches  ascending.  Leaves  firm,  oblong- 
lanceolate  or  somewhat  oblanccolate,  more  or  less 
conspicuously  ^-nerved,  mostly  obtuse  at  the  apex, 
narrowed  into  a  cuneate  subsessile  base,  I'-i,'^' 
long,  2"-6"  wide,  sparingly  repand  dentate,  or  en- 
tire; heads  in  peduncled  clusters  of  1-7,  the  invo- 
lucre of  both  sterile  and  fertile  ones  campanulate, 
2j4"-3"  bigh,  its  bracts  ovate  or  ovate-lanceolate, 
acute  or  subacute;  pappus  usually  but  a  single 
series  of  nearly  white  capillary  bristles. 

Western  Kansas  and  eastern  Colorado  to  Texas. 
.May-July. 


394 


CUMl'OSITAK. 


[Vor,.  III. 


2.    Baccharis  halimifdlia  L.     Orouiitlsel- 
tree  or -bush.     Pencil-tree.     (FiK.  3S34.) 

Jliinliaii.\  lialiiiiifolia  I,,  Sp.  I'l.  860.      I7,s,v 

A  l)rancliiti)fj;lal)roiis shrill),  3°-lo''  Jii>{h,  tliebraiich- 
lels  angled,  soinelinies  niiiuitel y  scurfy.  Leaves  thick, 
those  of  the  stem  and  larj^er  branches  obovate  or  del- 
toid-obovate,  obtuse,  petioled,  coarsely  an>;ular-dcn- 
tatc,  i'-3'  loii^,  ,'i'-2'  wide,  those  of  the  hranchlets 
oblaticeolate,  short-petiolcd  or  sessile,  entire,  or  few- 
tootlied  toward  the  apex;  heads  in  peihmcled  clusters  of 
1-5,  tliosc  of  the  sterile  plant  nearly  glol)ose  when 
young,  the  bracts  of  the  involucre  oblong-ovatc,  ob- 
tuse, glutinous,  apprcssed,  the  inner  ones  of  the  pis- 
tillate heads  lanceolate,  acute  or  acutisli;  fertile  pap- 
pus bright  white,  ;/'-4"  long,  of  1-2  series  of  capillary 
bristles,  much  exceeding  the  involucre. 

Aliiud  salt  marshes  mid  lidal  rivers,  extcndini;  beyond 
saline  influence.  Massachusetts  to  I'lorida  ami  Texas.  The 
white  pappus  is  very  conspicuous  in  auluniu.    Sept. -Nov. 

Baccharis  glomerulifolia  Pers..  which  has  larRer  heads 
glomerate  in  tlie  axils  of  the  upper  leaves,  is  doubtfully  re- 
ported from  southern  Virginia,  but  occurs  alons  tile  coast 
from  North  Carolina  to  Florida. 


3.    Baccharis  neglecta  Britton. 
Linear-leaved  Baccharis.     (Fig.  3835.) 

\  much-branched,  glabrous  or  slightly  glutin- 
ous shrub,  3°  high  or  more,  the  branches  pan- 
iculate, slender,  ascending.  Leaves  narrowly  lin- 
ear to  linear-lanceolate,  faintly  3-nerved,  .icute, 
or  the  lower  subobtusc  at  the  apex,  gradually 
attenuate  into  a  nearly  sessile  base,  i '-3' long, 
l"-3''  wide,  entire,  or  remotely  dentate  or  den- 
ticulate, green  in  drying;  heads  in  short-pedun- 
cled  clusters;  involucre  of  both  kinds  of  heads 
campaniilate,  2"  high,  its  outer  bracts  ovate, 
acute  or  somewhat  obtuse,  the  inner  lanceolate, 
acuminate;  pappus  of  the  fertile  flowers  a  single 
series  of  capillary  dull-white  bristles. 

Nebraska  to  Texas  and  North  Mexico.  lias  been 
referred  to  U.  anguslifolia  Michx.    July-Sept. 


)ij:M^. 


4.    Baccharis  Wrightii  A.  Gray. 
Wright's  Baccharis.      (Fig.  3836.) 

liaccliaris  //'/;;§■/;//;' A. Gray.Pl. Wright,  i:  loi.  1852. 
Herbaceous  from  a  thick  woody  base,  much 
branched,  glabrous,  not  glutinous,  i°-3°  high, 
the  branches  straight,  nearly  erect,  slender,  stri- 
ate. Leaves  linear,  sessile,  i -nerved,  entire,  3"- 
12"  long,  y2"-i"  wide;  heads  solitary  at  tl-.ccnds 
of  the  branches,  5"-6"  broad;  involucre  of  the 
sterile  heads  hemispheric,  about  3"  high,  that 
of  the  fertile  ones  somewhat  campanulate  and 
longer;  bracts  of  both  involucres  lanceolate,  acu- 
minate, with  scarious  margins  and  a  green  back; 
pappus  of  the  fertile  flowers  of  several  series  of 
tawny  or  purplish  capillary  bristles. 

Western  Kansas  and  Colorado  to  Texas,  .\rizona 
and  Chihuahua,     .\pril-july. 


Gi;ni-s  4(1.] 


TMISTLH   lAMII.V. 


395 


40.  FILAGO  I,.  Sp.  PI.  927.  1753. 
[EvAX  Oaertii.  Vr.  1^  Sciii.  2;  ;,93.  p/.  /6j./.j.  1791.] 
Wliite-woolly  annual  herbs,  with  ulternalc  entire  leaves,  and  small  discoid  clustered 
heads,  usually  subtended  by  leafy  bracts.  Hractsof  the  involucre  few  and  scarious.  Recep- 
tacle convex  or  elongated,  chalfy,  each  chaify  scale  subtending  an  achcnc.  Outer  flowers 
of  the  heads  in  several  series,  pistillate,  fertile,  their  corollas  filiform,  minutely  2-4-dcntute. 
Central  flowers  few,  perfect,  maiuly  sterile,  their  corollas  tubular,  4-,s-toothed.  Anthers 
.sagittate  at  the  base,  tlie  auricles  acuminate.  Achenes  compressed  or  terete.  Pappus  none. 
[Latin  ji III  1)1,  a  thread.] 

.\I)out  1:  species,  natjvf-  of  tempcnite  or  warm  regions  of  both  tlie  New  World  and  the  Did. 
In  .uUlition  to  the  following,  .^  otiicrs  occur  in  tlie  western  and  southwestern  I'liited  Slates. 


1819. 


I.    Filago  prolifera  (Xutt.j  JJritton. 
Filago.     (Fig.  3837. 

Kza.v  proli/cia  Nutt. ;  DC.  Prodr.  5:  4,sr).      1836. 
Diapei  ia  fiohfeia  Xutt.  Trans.  \\\\.  IMiil.  Soe.  (Ill  7: 

33,S.      1S41. 
J'ilago  ptolifct  a  Hrilton,  Mem.  Torr.  Club,  5:  320.    iSq). 

Stem  simple,  or  branched  at  the  base,  very  leafy, 
j'-6'  high.  Leaves  spatulate,  obtuse,  sessile,  as- 
cending or  appressed,  4'''-S"  long,  i"-2'i"wi(le; 
heads  in  a  sessile  leafy-bracted  cluster,  usually 
subtended  by  i  or  several  slender,  nearly  leafless 
branches,  each  terminated  by  a  similar  cluster,  or 
these  again  proliferous;  heads  oblong  or  fusiform; 
receptacle  convex;  chaff  of  the  central  sterile 
flowers  woolly-tipped,  that  of  the  fertile  flowers 
scarious,  mostly  glabrous. 

In  dry  soil,  Te.xas  to  western  Kansas  and  .South  Da- 
kota, west  to  Colorado  and  New  Mexico.     .\pril-July, 


41.  GIFOLA  Cass.  Bull.  Philom.  1819:  143. 
[l'ir,.\c.o  I..  Gen.  PI.  Rd.  5  1758.  Not  vSp.  PI. 
White-woolly  herbs,  closely  resembling  those  of  the  preceding  genus,  with  alternate  en- 
tire leaves,  and  small  discoid  glomerate  heads,  often  subtended  by  leafy  bracts,  the  clusters 
proliferous  in  our  species.  Involucre  small,  its  bracts  scarious,  imbricated  in  several  series, 
the  outer  usually  tomeutose.  Receptacle  subulate,  cylindric  or  obconic,  chafty,  each  chaffy 
scale  near  its  base  enclosing  an  achene.  Outermost  flowers  pistillate,  fertile,  with  filiform 
corollas  and  no  pappus,  or  the  pappus  a  few  rudimentary  bristles;  imier  flowers  also  pistillate 
and  fertile,  but  with  a  pappus  of  capillary  scabrous  bristles;  central  (uppermost)  flowers  few, 
perfect,  their  corollas  tubular,  their  pappus  capillary  and  scabrous.  Anthers  sagittate  at  the 
base.     Achenes  terete  or  slightly  compressed,     [.\nagram  of  Filago.'] 

About  10  species,  natives  of  warm  and  temperate  regions.     In  addition  to  the  following,  3  Cali- 
Jornian  species  are  probably  to  be  referred  to  this  genus. 


I.    Gifola  Germanica  (L.)  Duinort.     Cudweed. 
Cotton  Rose.     Herba  Impia.     (P^ig.  3838,) 

Gitaphalium  Cei  i>iaiiicu»i  I.,.  Sp.  PI.  8,s7.      I7,S3. 
Filac^n  Gei»iaiiiia  I.,.  Sp.  PI.  ICd.  2,  131  r.      1763' 
Gifola  Germanica  Dumort.  Fl.  Belg.  68.      1827. 

-■Annual,  erect,  cottony,  4'-i8'  high,  simple,  or  branched  at 
the  base,  very  leafy.  Leaves  sessile,  lanceolate,  linear,  or 
slightly  spatulate,  erect  or  ascending,  obtuse  or  acutish,  3"- 
12"  long;  stem  terminated  by  a  sessile  dense  cluster  of  heads, 
usually  subtended  by  several  leafy  branches  terniinated  by 
similar  clusters  and  these  often  again  proliferous;  heads  12- 
30  in  each  cluster,  many-flowered;  involucre  ovoid,  light  yel- 
low, its  bracts  mainly  acute. 


In  dry  fields,  southern  New  York  to  Penn.sylvania  and  North 
Carolina.  Old  names  Downweed,  Hoarwort,  Owl's  Crown,  Chafe- 
weed,  Cliilding  Cudweed.     May-Sept. 


396 


COMroSITAH. 


[Vui,.  III. 


1817. 


42.    PLUCHEA  Cass.  Bull.  Philoin.  1817:  31. 

Pubescent  or  glabrous  herbs,  or  some  tropical  species  shrubby,  with  alternate  ilentate 
leaves,  an<l  small  heads  of  tubular  flowers  in  terminal  corymbose  cymes.  Involucre  ovoiil, 
canipanulate,  or  nearly  hemispheric,  its  bracts  appresscd,  herbaceous,  imbricated  in  several 
series.  Receptacle  flat,  naked.  Outer  flowers  of  the  head  pistillate,  their  corollas  filiform, 
3-cleft  or  dentate  at  the  apc.\.  Central  flowers  perfect,  but  mainly  sterile,  their  corollas  5- 
cleft.  .Vnthers  sagittate  at  the  base,  the  auricles  caudate.  Style  of  the  perfect  flowers  j-cleft 
or  undivided.  .Xchenes  4-5-anj;led.  I'appus  a  single  series  of  ca])illury  scabrous  bristles. 
[Named  for  the  .\bbi.'  .\.  .\.  I'luche,  of  Paris.] 

.■\boiit  30  species,  widely  (listril)uUd  in  warm  and  Uniptiatc  riKions.  ■  In  addition  to  the  follow- 
ing, anollicr  iiuliRenous  species  occurs  in  the  .soiltli  western  ftiited  .States,  and  two  intrcjduced  ones 
have  been  found  in  waste  places  in  Florida. 

Terennial;  leaves  sessile,  cordate,  or  clasping  at  the  hase.  i.  /'.  :uci>sii. 

Animal;  leaves,  at  least  those  of  the  stem,  petioled. 

I.cavis  .short-petioled;  heads  about  ,V'  liiK'i;  involacral  bracts  densely  pnbenilelit. 

2.  P.  cam  pint)  alii. 
Leaves  slender  petioled;  heads  2"-2'.  "  hiyh;  iiivoUicral  bracts  granulose,  ciliate. 

;,.  /'.  f>t'l!,'lala. 


I.   Pluchea  foetida  (L.)  B.S.P. 

Viscid  Marsh  Fleabane.     (Fig.  3839.) 


Bacihan's/oelida  I,.  Sp.  PI.  861.      175;,. 
Ilaccliariii'iscosa  Walt.  I'l.  Car.  202.      17> 
Pluchea  hi/rons  DC.  I'rodr.  5:  151.      1836. 
Pliiclit-a/oelida  H..S.P.  I'rel.  Cat.  N.  V.  2S. 


18S8. 


Root  perennial;  stem  simple  or  sparingly 
branched  at  the  summit,  puberulent  and  slightly 
viscid,  i^°-3°  high.  Leaves  oblong,  ovate  or 
ovate-lanceolate,  closely  sessile  and  more  or  less 
cordate-clasping  at  the  base,  obtuse  or  acute  at 
the  apex,  sharply  denticulate,  pubescent  or  pu- 
berulent, 2'-4'  long,  yz'-iyi'  wide,  reticulate- 
veiny;  clusters  of  heads  sessile,  or  stalked,  com- 
pact, leafy -bracted;  involucre  2'i"-3"  high,  its 
bracts  lanceolate,  acute,  viscid-puberulcnt. 

In  swamps,  southern  New  Jersey  to  Vlorida  and 
Texas,  mainly  near  the  coast.  Also  in  the  West  In- 
dies.   July-.Sepl. 


2.  Pluchea  camphor^ta  (L.)  DC.   Spicy 
or  Salt-niarsh  Fleabane.     (Fig.  3840.) 

Kfif^eroH  camplioralum  L.  .Sp.  PI.  Kd.  2,  1212.      1763. 
Pluchea  campliorala  DC.  I'rodr.  5:  451.      1836. 

Root  annual;  stem  usually  branched,  finely  vis- 
cid-puberulent,  or  nearly  glabrous,  2°-^°  high, 
somewhat  channeled.  Leaves  ovate,  oblong  or 
lanceolate,  puberulent  or  glabrous,  acute  or  acu- 
minate at  the  apex,  narrowed  at  the  base,  short- 
petioled,  or  the  upper  sessile  but  not  clasping, 
3'-S''  long,  I '-3'  wide,  serrate  or  denticulate,  not 
conspicuously  reticulate-veined;  heads  about  3" 
high,  rarely  leafy-bracted,  mostly  in  naked  open 
corymbiform  cymes;  bracts  of  the  involucre  ovate- 
lanceolate,  or  lanceolate,  acute,  puberulent; 
flowers  purplish;  achenes  pubescent. 

In  salt  marshes,  coast  of  Massachusetts  to  Florida, 
Texas  and  Mexico.  Also  in  the  West  Indies.  Called 
also  Ploughnian's-wort.     .\ug.-Oct. 


Gl'NlS  4^!. 


THI.STLI'    I'AMn.V. 


397 


3,  Pluchea  petiol^ta  Cass.      Iiihuid  Marsh 
Fleabane.     (l-'ig.  3841.) 

J'htdiea  t>ciU'lala  Cass.  Did.  Sci.  Nat.  42:  2.      1826. 
I'luchcafi'ilidii  l>C.  I'rotlr.  5:  .(,S2.      iS,v>. 

Similar  to  the  preceding;  species,  but  glabrate,  usu- 
ally taller,  2'j'^-4^  liijc'ii  'I's  stem  stout,  rather 
strongly  chaiinelle<l.  Leaves  ovate-lanceolate  to 
oval,  thin,  4'-i(i'  long,  xYt'-},'  wide,  mostly  acumi- 
nate at  the  apt'.\,  cuneate-narrowed  at  the  base,  long- 
pctioled,  irregularly  serrate;  petioles  of  the  larger 
leaves  .s"-i2"  long;  heads  2"-2  ^j"  high,  in  terminal 
anil  often  also  a.xillary  clusters;  bracts  of  the  involu- 
cre granular,  ciliate;  acheues  short-pubescent. 

Ill  moist  -oil,  (iflcn  in  woods,  Virginia  to  Klorida,  Illi- 
nois, Missouri  iuul  the  Indian  Territory.    Aug. -Oct. 


43.  ANTENNARIA  Caertn.  Krtict.  &  Sem.  2:  410.  />/.  i6j.  1791.=^= 
Perennial  woolly  dioecious  or  polygamo-dioecious  herbs,  with  alternate  and  basa!  leaves, 
and  small  discoid  many  flowered  heads  usually  capitate,  glomerate  or  corymbose.  Involu- 
cre oblong,  ovoid  or  canipanulate,  its  bracts  scarious,  imbricated  in  several  series,  the  outer 
shorter,  usually  woolly.  Receptacle  convex,  or  nearly  flat,  foveolate,  not  chafl'y.  Staminate 
flowers  with  a  truncate  or  minutely  dentate  corolla,  usually  undivided  style  and  scanty  pap- 
pus of  club-shaped  smooth  or  minutely  barbed  bristles.  Pistillate  or  perfect  flowers  with 
tubular  mostly  ,s-toothed  corollas,  2-cleft  style,  and  copious  pappus  of  capillary  naked  bris- 
tles, slightly  united  at  the  base.  .Vchenes  oblong,  terete,  or  slightly  compressed.  [Latin, 
in  allusion  to  the  fancied  resemblance  of  the  sterile  pappus  to  insect  antennae.] 

About  .56  species,  natives  of  the  north  temperate  zone  and  southern  South  America.  In  addition 
to  the  folUmintf,  about  a  dozen  others  occur  in  tlie  western  parts  of  North  America,  and  one  in  the 
soutlu-rn  states. 

•;<-   Pappus-briatles  of  sterile  flowers  with  club-shaped  or  dilated  tips. 

t  Plant  not  stoloniferous;  basal  leaves  oblanceolale.     i.  .-1.  Carpathica. 
t+  Plants  stoloniferous,  growing  in  patches. 
Basal  leaves  4''   I  ;j'  long.  i'.."-6"  wide,  i-ner%'ed,  or  indistinctly  3-nerved. 

Involucral  bracts  of  fertile  heads  dark  brownish  green,  lanceolate,  acute  or  acuminate;  plant 

1-4'  liigli.  2.  A.  alpina. 

Involucral  bracts  all  light  green,  or  light  brown,  with  white  or  pinkish  scarious  tips. 
Bracts  all  elliptic  or  oblong,  mostly  obtuse;  plant  2' -8'  high.  3.  A.dioUa. 

Rracts  of  fertile  heads  lanceolate,  iiiostly  acute. 

Hasal  leaves  spatulate,  petiole  distinct;  fertile  plant  about  I  °  high.  4.  A.  neodioica. 
Basal  leaves  obovate  or  oblanceolate,  without  distinct  petioles. 

Stetu  of  fertile  plant  slender,  about  i^  high;  stolons  long  and  slender;  basal  leaves 

oblanceolate.  5.  A.  nef;lecla. 

Stems  all  stout,  2' -6'  high:  stolons  short;  basal  leaves  obovate. 

6.  A.  campesln's. 
Basal  leaves  mostly  more  than  i  '/  long  and  ;.•'  wide,  distinctly  vnerved.      7.  A.  piantaginifoUa. 
-A-   *   Pappus-bristles  of  sterile  flowers  not  dilated,  barbellate;  plant  about  i'  high,  tufted;  head  solitary. 
I  "6.  A.  dimorpha. 


I.   Antennaria  Carpathica  (Wahl.)  Hook. 
Carpathian  Ivverlasting.     (Fig.  3842.) 

Gnaphalium  Carpiilhit:iim\\'-A\\\.  Fl.  Carp.  258. />/.  j.      1814. 
Atilennaiia  Carpathica  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.  Am.  i:  329.      1833. 

Plant  floccose-woolly  throughout,  not  stoloniferous;  stem 
2'-io'  high,  simple.  Basal  leaves  oblanceolale  or  oblong, 
obtuse  oracutish  at  the  apex,  narrowed  at  the  base  into  short 
petioles,  i'-2'  long,  2"-4'''  wide;  stem-leaves  linear,  acute  or 
acutish,  erect,  the  upper  gradually  smaller;  heads  in  a  term- 
inal subcapitate  cluster,  or  rarely  solitary,  2%"-:s"  broad;  in- 
volucre 2"-},"  high,  woolly  at  the  base,  its  bracts  brownish 
purple,  the  inner  ones  of  the  fertile  heads  mostly  acutish, 
those  of  the  sterile  beads  mainly  obtuse. 

In  dry  soil,  Labrador  and  Anticosti  to  Hudson  B.iy.  Also  in 
lUiropc  anil  northern  Asia.     May-Sept. 


Jim 

*  Text  contributed  by  Mr.  P.  A.  Rvdherg 


398 


COMI'OSITAK. 


[Vol..  III. 


'/'■'^ 


2.   Antennaria  alpina  (L. )  tVatTtii. 
Alpine  Ivverlasting.     (I'ig.  3H4'^.  ) 

Gna filial i Hill  ,il/iniiiin  I..  Sp    I'l.  Hs»i,      175,;. 
Aiiliiiiiiii  hi  alf>iii,i  Ciairlti.   Fr.  iV  Si  111    i    |hi.      \~^)\. 

Suri'ulose  by  short  stolons;  sli-iiis  lloi'cosc-wooll y, 
r-4'  lii(;li-  Hiisal  leaves  usimlly  tiuiiieriuis,  tufU'il, 
s))iituliitc  or  lincar-oblonn,  obtuse,  silvery-woolly 
on  both  sides,  or  xlabrate  ami  j{r':cii  above,  4"-ia" 
loiij;;  stem  leaves  linear  and  small,  few,  sessile, 
woolly;  heads  in  a  teriir;iul  ca|)ilate,  or  seldom 
somewhat  corymbose  .luster,  rarelv  solitary,  2"- 
2'."  broad;  involucre  about  2'j"  liiKh,  the  bracts 
of  the  fertile  heads  dark  brownishj»rcen,  the  inner 
ones  acute  or  acuminate;  those  of  the  sterile  heads 
lighter,  brownish,  broader  and  obtuse;  achenes 
){Iandular. 

Labrador  .iiid  Arctic  .■\u\frica  to  .\laska,  south  in  llic 
Kocky  Momuains  to  Colorado  and  in  lln'  Sierra  Ni\  ada 
to  California.      .Vpril  .\\\k. 

3.   Antennaria  dioica  (  L.  )  (iaertii.     Mountain  Everlasting  or  CiicUveed. 

(Kig.  3S44.) 

Cnaplniliiiiii  (litiiiiini  I..  Hp.  I'l.  S.so.      I7.=,v 
Aiitfiinai  ia  dioica  Gacrtn.  Kr.  iS:  Scni.  2.  (lo.    />/.  i'>7. 

/.J-      "79'- 

I'loccose-woolly  or  canescent,  surculosc,  form- 
iug  broad  patches.  I'lowering  stems  2'-i2'  hij!h; 
basal  leaves  spatulate  or  obovatc,  obtuse,  narrowed 
into  short  petioles,  white-canesccnt  on  both  sides, 
or  sometimes  green  I)nt  rarely  >;labrons  above,  .4"- 
15"  long,  i"-.\"  wide;  stem-leaves  linear,  sessile; 
heads  ,V-4"  broad  in  a  terminal  capitate  or  cor- 
ymbose cluster;  involucre  2"-y,"  high,  the  bracts 
of  the  fertile  heads  oblong,  white  or  pink,  all  ob- 
tuse, or  the  inner  ones  acute;  those  of  the  sterile 
heads  oval  or  elliptical,  obtuse;  achenes  glabrous, 
or  minutely  glandular. 

Labrador  and  Nivvfouiulland  to  .Alaska,  south  in  the 
Rocky  Mountains  to  New  Mexico  and  .Arizona,  and  in 
the  Sierra  Nevada  to  southern  California.  Also  in  Ivu- 
rope  and  Asia.  Called  also  .Moor  ICverlastiiiK,  Cat's- 
ear,  Cat's-foot,  Cat's  pans,  Cotton  weed,     May  Aug. 


4.    Antennaria  neodioica  Greene. 
vSmaller  Cat's-foot.     (Fig.  3845.) 

Anleniiai  ia  luodiiuca  (ireene,  Piltonia.  3:  i'^4.     1S1J7. 

I'loccose-woolly,  with  numerous  stolons  which 
are  leify  throughout.  .Stem  of  fertile  plants 
sleiider,  about  1°  high;  basal  leaves  about  l'  long, 
y'S"  wide,  broadly  obovate  to  spatulate,  i- 
nerved,  or  indistinctly  3-nerved,  white-tomentose 
beneath,  generally  pale  and  glabrate  above,  nar- 
rowed into  distinct  petioles;  stem-leaves  linear, 
acute;  heads  loo.sely  corymbose,  y-.\"  broad; 
outermost  bracts  of  the  involucre  obtuse,  the  rest 
lanceolate,  acute,  or  acuminate,  all  greenish  or 
brownish  below,  with  white  tips;  achenes  ob- 
tusely 4-anglcd,  granular-papillose.  Sterile  plant 
lower,  3'-8'  high;  heads  more  densely  clustered! 
bracts  of  the  involucre  oblong,  obtuse. 

In  dry  shaded  places,  often  growing  with  A.  plaii- 
lagiiiifolia,  yuebec  to  Virginia,  west  to  South  Da- 
kola.    Also  in  ICurope  ?    April-July. 


IL 


>f 


l'.i;xrs  4,v] 


THISTI.K   I'AMILY. 


5.   Antennaria  neglecta  dreene. 

I'ifUl  Cat's-foot.      (  Via;.  7,H^(<. ) 

Aiilnniii)  ill  iiiiilcthi  VAviWi-,  l'iUiinia,3:  175.     I^<i7. 

Slolonil'ermis,  the  stolons  loiiK  and  slender, 
benriiiK  siindl  leaves,  except  at  the  ends,  where 
they  are  normally  develoiKid.  Hasal  leaves  oh- 
1  iiiceolate,  orcuneate-spatulate,  Kradtially  taper- 
ing; to  n  sessile  hase,  without  a  clistinct  petiole, 
white-toincntose  hcnenth.t^lahrate  above,  i  -nerv- 
ed; stenideaves  linear;  fertile  plant  nearly  1  hi>"h; 
heads  3" -i"  broad,  corymbose;  bracts  brownish, 
with  white  tips,  lanceolate,  acute;  sterile  plant 
4'-S'  hiKh,  the  heads  densely  clustered,  the 
bracts  oblong,  obtuse. 

Ill  In  Ids  and  pastur(  s,  MaiiH'  tuNcw  York,  Vir- 
ginia anil  Wisconsin.     April  June. 


6.   Antennaria  campestris  kydber).;;. 
Prairie  Cat's-foot.     (Fig.  3847.) 

Anlfiinai  ia  caiiipnli  is    Rydberj;,    Hull.   Tmr 

Club,  34:  ,v>4.      li^O;. 

Stolons  short,  leafy;  flowerinj,'  stems  of 
both  fertile  and  sterile  plants  j'-n'  high; 
basal  leaves  obovatc-cuneale,  without  a  dis- 
tinct petiole,  white-tomentose  beneath,  gla- 
bratc  above,  I -nerved, or  inrlistinctly  3-ncrved; 
stetn-leavcs  small,  linear;  heads  ,^"-4" 
broad  in  subcapitate  clusters;  bracts  of  the 
fertile  heads  lanceolate,  greenish  below, 
brownish  at  the  middle,  the  ape.x  white, 
acute  or  acuminate;  bracts  of  sterile  heads 
elliptic,  obtuse. 

On  dry  prairiis,  Nebraska  to  llic  .Saskatclic- 
waii.     JIay-Junc. 

7.   Antennaria  plantaginifolia  (I,.)  Richards.     Plantaiii-leaf  lAcrlasting. 
Mouse-ear  Ivverlasting.     (Fig.  3848.) 

(Jiiuf>lui!iii>n  /i/aii/aj^itii/d/iiiin  I,.  Sp.   I'l.  830. 

Anleiiiiai  i'j    filaiilaffiniti'lia    Ricliards.    App. 

I'raiik.  Journ.  VA.  2,  ,10.      182,^. 
.[iilciiiiiiiia  I'ailiiiii  I'crnald,  (lard.  iS:  I'lir,  10: 

284.      1S97. 

I'loccose- woolly,  stoloniferons,  forming 
broad  patches,  the  patches  of  sterile  and  fer- 
tile jilants  commonly  distinct.  Flowering 
steins  of  fertile  plant,  6'-!^'  high;  basal 
leaves  obovate  or  spatulate,  or  broadly  oval, 
obtuse,  distinctly  3-ribbcd,  pctioled,  often 
glabrate  and  dark  green  above,  silvery  be- 
neath, 1  N'-;/long,  5"- i.S"  wide; stem-leaves 
sessile,  obloug  or  lanceolate,  the  upper  usu- 
ally small  and  distant;  heads  in  corymbose 
or  often  subcapitate  clusters,  4' '-5"  broad; 
involucre  about  3"  high,  its  bracts  greenish- 
white,  lanceolate,  acute  or  acutish;  achcnes 
minutely  glandular;  sterile  plant  smaller,  3'- 
S'  high ;  basal  h  aves  somewhat  smaller;  stem- 
leaves  mostly  linear;  heads  smaller,  3'''-4" 
broad;  bracts  oblong,  obtuse. 

In  dry  soil,  especially  in  oinn  wixuls,  Labrador  to  Florida,  west  to  Nebraska  and  Texas.    Called 
also  .Spring  or  liarly  Ivvcrlastiiig:,  White  Plantain,  Pussy-tots,  Ladies'  Tobacco.     April-June. 


400 


COMI'OSITAR. 


LVoi,.  III. 


8.  Antennaria  dimorpha  (Xutt.)  T.  & 
G.     Low  Kverlasting.     (Fig.  3849.) 

Gnaphaliuin  dln.oi  filnim  Null.  Trans.  Am.  Phil. 

Soo.  (11)7:  405.      i8(i. 
A.  dimoipha  T.  &  G.  I'l.  N.  A.  2:  4,^1.     1,843. 

Tufted  from  a  thick  woody  often  branched 
caudex,  I'-l '2'  hij^h.  Leaves  all  in  a  basal 
cluster,  spatulate,  white-canescent  or  tonientose 
on  both  sides,  obtuse  or  acutish,  Yz'-V  long, 
I "-2"  wide,  narrowed  into  short  petioles;  heads 
/  of  staniiuate  flowers  about  3"  broad  and  high, 
;  solitary  and  sessile  among  the  leaves,  or  raised 
on  a  very  short  sparingly  leafy  stem,  with  ob- 
tuse or  obtusish  brownish  involucral  bracts, 
those  of  pistillate  flowers  longer,  their  inner 
bracts  linear-lanceolate,  acuminate;  pappus  of 
the  slamiiiate  flowers  slender,  scarcely  thick- 
ened, but  barbellatc  at  the  tips,  that  of  the  pis- 
tillate flowers  of  fine  and  smooth  bristles. 

Dry  soil,  Nebraska  to  I'tali  and  California,  north 
to  Montana  and  British  Columbia.    April-June. 

44.  ANAPHALIS  DC.  Proclr.  6:  241.      1837. 

Perennial  white-tomentose  or  woolly  herbs,  with  leafy  erect  stems,  in  our  species,  alter- 
nate entire  leaves,  and  small  corymbose  discoid  heads  of  dioecious  flowers.  Involucre  ob- 
long to  campannlp.te,  its  bracts  scarious,  imbricated  in  several  series,  mostly  white,  the  outer 
shorter.  Receptacle  mostly  convex,  not  clialTy.  Staminate  flowers  with  a  slender  or  fili- 
form corolla,  an  undivided  style,  and  a  pappus  of  slender  bristles,  not  thickened  at  the  sum- 
mit, or  scarcely  so;  anthers  tailed  at  the  base.  I'istillate  flowers  with  a  tubular  5-toothed 
corolla,  2-cleft  style,  and  a  copious  pappus  of  capillary  separate  bristles.  Achenes  oblong. 
[Greek  name  of  some  similar  plant.] 

About  .lu  species,  natives  of  the  north  temperate  zone. 
Only  the  following  is  known  to  occur  in  North  America. 

I.   Anaphalis  margaritacea  (L.)  Benth.  & 
Hook.    Pearly  or  Large-flowered  Kverla-stiiig. 
(Fig.  3850.) 

Gnapiialiiim  niari^arilaceuni  L.  Sp.  I'l.  850,  1753. 
Atitennaiia  ma>i;a>ilacfa  Hook.  Fl.Bor.Ani. 1:329.  1S33. 
A.  maigaiilacea  llcnth.  &  Hook.  (tcn.  PI.  2:  303.  1873. 
Stem  floccose-woiilly,  corymbosely  branched  at  the 
summit,  leafy,  i°-;,°  higli.  Leaves  linear-lanceolate, 
narrowed  to  a  sessile  base,  revolute,  green,  but  more  or 
less  pubescent  above,  woolly  beneath, 3'-5'long,2"-4" 
wide,  the  lowest  shorter,  spatulate, usually  obtuse;  cor- 
ymb compound,  2'-S'  broad;  heads  very  numerous, 
short-pedunclcd  or  sessile,  about  3"  high,  4"  broad 
when  expanded;  involucre  campauulate,  its  bracts 
ovate-lanceolate,  obtuse,  finely  striate,  pearly  white, 
mostly  glabrous;  pappus-bristles  of  the  fertile  flowers 
distinct  and  falling  away  separately. 

Dry  soil,  Newfoundland  to  Alaska,  North  Carolina,  Kansas.California  and  northern  Asia.  Adven- 
tive  in  ICurope.    Silver-leaf,  Life  KverlastiuR.  Moonshine,  Cotton-weed,  None  so-pretty.     July-Sept. 

45.   GNAPHALIUM  L.  Sp.  PI.  850.       1753. 

WooUj-  erect  or  diffusely  branched  herbs,  with  alternate  leavcs,  and  discoid  heads  of  pis- 
tillate and  perfect  flowers  arranged  in  corymbs,  spikes,  racemes,  or  capitate.  Receptacle  flat, 
convex  or  conic,  not  chafTy,  usually  foveolate.  Pistillate  flowers  in  several  series,  their 
corollas  filiform,  minutely  dentate  or  3-4-lol)cd  Central  flowers  ])erfect,  tubular,  few,  their 
corollas  5-toothed  or  j-lobed-  .\ntlicrs  sagittate  at  the  base,  the  auricles  tailed.  Achenes 
oblong  or  obovate,  terete  or  slightly  compressed,  not  ribbed.  Pappus  a  single  series  of  capil- 
lary bristles,  sometimes  thickened  above,  cohering  at  the  base,  or  separately  deciduous, 
[Greek,  referring  to  the  wool.] 

.\l)out  IM  species,  widely  distributed,  known  as  Cudweed,  Cotton-weed,  or  liverlasting. 
Tall,  erect;  inflorescence  corymbose,  or  paniculate;  pappus  bristles  distinct. 

Leaves  sessile;  plant  not  viscid.  i.  G.  oh/iist'/oliuin. 

Leaves  sessile;  jilaiit  glandular  viscid.  a.  G.  llellcii. 

Leaves  decurrent;  phiiit  glandular  viscid.  3.  G.  ifiLtii  inn. 

Low,  diffuse;  inflorescence  mostly  capitate;  pappus  bristles  distinct. 

I'Moccosc-wooUy;  involucral  bracts  yellowish,  ur  white.  4.  G.  f^ilustiv. 


GlCNi'S  45-] 


THISTIvI'    FAMILY. 


401 


If 


a 


s 


AppreSsed-wooUy;  invDlucral  liracls  l)ecomiiiK  dark  brown.  5. 

'I'liftcd  low  mounteiiu  lurbs;  lieads  few;  bracts  brown;  i)a))i)usbristles  distinct.  6. 

Skndcr,  simple;  heads  spicate;  pappus-bristles  united  at  base. 

Leaves  linear  or  laneeolatespatnlate,  acute;  heads  about  3' 

bracts  dark  brown;  stem  leaves  lanceolate  spatulate. 

ISracts  brownish  tipped;  stem  leaves  linear. 

Leaves  sp.itulate,  ol)tnse  orobtusish;  beads  2"  to  2 


(7.  ulif;innsuin, 
G.  supinnm. 


high 


high; 


X.    Gnaphalium  obtusifolium  L.     Sweet 

or  White  T^al.sain.     Sweet  or  Fragrant 

Life  I'*vcrlasting.     (Fig.  3851.) 

<liHiplHiliiitii  oblH-iifoliuin  I..  Sp.  PI.  S51.      I75,'5. 

■'■1.  polwcphaluxi  Mich.\.   l''l.   I'.or.  .\ni.  2:   127.     i."^o^. 

Annual  or  winter-annual,  fragrant;  stem  erect, 
simple,  or  branched  above,  toinentosc,  1°-^°  liiKh. 
Leaves  lanceolate  or  linear-lanceolate,  sessile, 
acute  or  acutish,  or  the  lower  obtuse  at  the  apex,  Ji 
aiarrowed  at  the  base,  densely  white-woolly  be- 
neath, glabratc  and  coniniouly  dark  green  above, 
i'-;/  long.  2"-.\"  wide,  the  margins  undidate; 
heads  in  numerous  corymbose  or  paniculate  clus- 
ters of  1-5,  about  _v'  '"kI';  hracts  of  the  involucre 
white,  or  tinged  with  lirown,  oblong,  thin  and 
scarious.  obtuse,  the  outer  woolly  at  the  base; 
pappus-bristles  distinct,  separately  deciduous; 
ichenes  glabrous. 

In  dry,  mostly  iii)eii  places,  Nova  Scotia  to  I'lorit  .1, 
.iL'initob;i,  Misscjuri  and  Te.vas.  Other  names  are  I'ov- 
■trty  .  Cliafe-or  Balsam  weed,  Old  field  lialsani,  Indian 
I'osey.     Leaves  of  winter  rosettes  oblong.     .\ug.   Sejit. 


uorthea.stern. 

7.  G.  Xorvcciicum. 

8.  G.  sylvaiicum. 
astern  and  southern. 

g.  G.  purpui eum. 


2.  Gnaphalium  Helleri  Britton.     Heller's 

Ivverlasting.     (Fig.  3852.) 
'/.  Ilelleri  Britton,  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  20:  2S0.     i,S<i3. 

Similar  to  the  preceding  species,  corymbosely  or 
somewhat  paniculately  branched  above,  1)2^-2^ 
high,  the  stem  and  branches  densely  glandular- 
pul)cscenl,  not  touientosc.  Leaves  oblong-lanceo- 
lale,  sessile,  acuminate  at  both  ends,  green  and 
hispidulous  above,  white-tomentose  beneath,  the 
larger  about  2'  long  anil  5"  wide,  the  uppermost 
much  smaller  and  narrower ;  heads  very  numerous, 
corymbose  or  corymbose-paniculate,  sessile  or  short- 
peduncled  in  the  clusters,  about  2!2"  broad;  invo- 
lucre oblong,  or  becoming  campanulate,  ,1"  high, 
its  bracts  bright  white,  tomcutose,  the  outer  oblong, 
the  inner  linear-oblong,  all  obtnse  ;  pappus-bristles 
distinct  to  the  base,  separately  deciduous  ;  achenes 
glabrous. 

In  fields,  soiubeastern  \'irgiuia  to  Georgia.  Sept. 


-Oct. 


Clammy  I'A-erlast- 
(Fig-  3S53-) 


3.    Gnaphalium  decurrens  Ive.s. 
iiig.     Winged  Cudweed. 

^ iiui/ilnitii(»i  (lean  rnii  Ives,  Am.  Journ.  Sci.  I'  3S0.  />.'.  /.       1819. 

.\nnual  or  biennial,  similar  to  the  two  preceding  species,  frag- 
rant; stem  very  leafy,  glandular-viscid,  corymbosely  branched 
above,  2'^-},'-  high.  Leaves  lanceolate  or  broadly  linear,  acutish 
at  the  apex,  densely  white-woolly  beneath,  glabrate  or  loosely 
woolly  above,  sessile  and  decurrent  on  the  stem  at  the  base, 
I '-3'  long,  2' '-3"  wide,  or  the  lowest  shorter  and  slightly 
spatulate;  heads  in  several  or  numerous  corymbose  glomerules 
of  2-6,  about  y  high;  bracts  of  the  involucre  white  or  brownish, 
ovate,  acutish  or  the  inner  lanceolate  and  acute,  the  outer  woolly 
at  the  base ;  pappus-bristles  distinct,  separately  deciduous ; 
achenes  glabrous. 

In  open,  moist  or  dry  places.  Nova  Scotia  to  Pennsylvania,  west  to 
western  Ontario,  Michigan  and  British  Columbia,  south  in  the  Rocky 
Mountains  to  Arii-.ona.  Also  called  Sweet  ISalsaiii  and  Balsam-weetl. 
luly  Sept. 

36 


402 


COMrOSITAK. 


[Vol..  III. 


4.    Gnaphalium  palustre  Nutt.     Western 
Marsh  Cudweed.     (Fig.  3854.) 

GiiaphaUum  fialiislre  Niitt.  Trans.  Am.  Pliil.  Soc.  fll  i  7: 
40,  V      iS.li. 

Annual;  dilTusely  branched  from  the  base,  (lens..!y 
but  loosely  floccose-woolly  nil  over,  2'-S'high.  Leaves 
sessile,  oblong,  linear-oblong,  or  the  lower  spatulatc, 
obtuse  or  acutish,  6"-i2'''  long,  l%"-y  wide;  heads 
about  2"  high,  several  together  in  leafy-bracted  gloni- 
crules;  involucre  more  or  less  woolly,  its  bracts  linear 
or  lanceolate,  acute,  white  or  pale  yellow;  pappus- 
bristles  distinct,  separately  deciduous. 

Ill  moist  wet  soil,  Northwest  Territory  to  western  Ne- 
braska and  Nlw  Mexirs,  west  to  lirifsh  Columbia  and 
California.     May-Aug. 


5.    Gnaphalium  uligindsum  L,.      Low 

or  Marsh  Cudweed.     Wartwort. 
Mouse-ear.     (Fig.  3855.) 

Giiat'lialium  iilii^inosiim  I,.  Sp.  PI.  856.      175J. 

Annual;  dilFusely  branched  from  the  base,  or 
the  steins  sometimes  erect  or  ascending,  ap- 
pressed-woolly  all  over,  2'-.S'  high.  Leaves 
sessile,  spatulate-linear,  linear,  or  the  lower 
oblanccolate  or  spatulate  and  narrowed  into 
petioles,  all  obtuse  or  obtusish,  generally  mu- 
cronulate,  I'-iJj'  long;  heads  about  2"  high, 
numerous  in  dense  leafy-bracted  terminal 
glomerules;  bracts  of  the  involucre  oblong  or 
oblong-lanceolate,  brown,  tiie  outer  obtuse  or 
obtusish  and  more  or  less  woolly,  the  inner 
acute;  pappus-bristles  distinct,  separately  de- 
ciduous. 

In  damp  soil,  Newfoundland  to  Virginia,  wist  to  western  Ontario.  Minnesota  and  Indi.ina. 
Apparently  naturalizi.d  from  liuropu,  wliere  it  is  common.  Occurs  also  in  the  far  Northwest,  where 
it  is  probably  indigenous.    July-Sept. 


6.   Gnaphalium  supinum  L.     Dwarf  Cud- 
weed.    (Fig.  3856.) 

0'ii(i/>/i(ih'iiiii  supinum  L.  .Syst.  \'A.  2,  254.      1767 

Perennial,  white- woolly,  much  tufted;  stems  sim- 
ple, l'-;,,'i'  high.  Leaves  mainly  basal,  linear, 
acute,  narrowed  at  the  base,  sessile,  6"~i2"  long, 
I  "-2"  wide;  heads  few  or  several,  capitate  or  short- 
spicate,  about  .5"  high;  flowers  yellowish;  bracts 
of  the  involucre  brown,  glabrous,  lanceolate  or 
oblong-lanceolate,  acute;  pappus-bristles  distinct, 
separately  deciduous. 

Alpine  summits  of  the  Wliite  Mountains  of  New- 
Hampshire;  Labrador  and  (Ircenland,  and  cm  liigli 
mountains  in  ICurope  and  Asia.  Called  also  Mountain 
Cudweed.     Jnly-.-^ug. 


Genus  45] 


TIIISTLK   l'AMII.V. 


403 


,r  New 

liiRli 
xiiilaiii 


7.  Gnaphalium  Norvegicum  (lUii'ier. 
Norwegian  Cudweed.     (Fig.  3857.) 

Cuaphaliuni  Xo>:egicHm  Gunner,  Fl.  NorvcR.  2: 

I  "5.      1772- 

Perennial;  stem  simple,  6'-iS' high.     I.eak-es 

lanceolate  to  spatulate,  elongated,  acute,  'lar- 

rowed  at  the  base,  woolly  on  both  sides,  or  green 

and  glabrate  above,  3'-6'  long,  2"-^"  wide,  the 

lower  and  basal  ones  peliolcd  ;  heads  about  ,/' 

high,  numerous  in  a  more  or  less  leafj*  spike, 

tlic  lowest  often  distant,  solitary  or  glomerate  in 

the  upper  axils;  bracts  of  the  involucre  uvate- 

oblong,  dark  brown,  or  brown-tipped,  glabrous 

or  slightly  woolly,  obtuse;  pappus-bristles  united 

at  the  base,  falling  away  in  a  ring;  achenes  his- 

pidulous. 

Mt.  .\lbcn,  (laspO,  Ouehc'C,  north  to  Greenland 
and  .Arctic  .Vnierica.      .Vlso  in  linrope.      July  Aii^. 


8.    Gnaphalium  sylvaticum  L. 

Wood  Cudweed.     Chafeweed. 
Owl's  Crown.     Golden  Mother- 
wort.    (Fig.  3858.) 

Gttaplialiuni  sylialicnni  I,.  Sp.  "1.  856.  17S.V 
Perennial;  stem  slender,  simple,  6'-i.S' 
high.  Leaves  linear,  acute,  i'-2'  long,  about 
I  "wide, or  the  lowest  linear-sjiatnlate,  woolly 
beneath,  glabrous  or  glabrate  above;  heads 
about  },"  high,  numerous  in  a  more  or  less 
leafy  spike,  or  the  lowest  solitary  or  glomer- 
ate in  the  upper  a.xils;  bracts  of  the  involucre 
,  linear-oblong,  obtuse,  mostly  glabrous,  yel- 
lowish or  greenish  with  a  brown  spot  at  or 
just  below  tlie  apex;  pappus-bristles  united  at 
the  base;  achenes  hispidulous. 

New  llrunswick  and  Cape  lireton  Islaml,  jxr- 
liaps  introilueed  from  ICumpe.  Widely  dislrib- 
\ited  in  Ivuroiic  and  Northern  .\sia.      June-.\ng. 


9.    Gnaphalium  purpureum  L.      Pur- 
plish Cudweed.     (Fig.  3859.) 

una f'halium  pill t^uteiitn  I,.  ,Sp.  PI.  S51.     175;. 

.\nnual  or  biennial,  simple  and  erect,  or 
branched  from  the  base  and  the  branches  as- 
cending, 2'-2°  high.  Leaves  spatidate,  or  the 
uppermost  linear,  mostly  obtuse,  mncronulatc, 
woolly  beneath,  usually  green  and  glabrous  or 
nearly  so  above  when  old,  sessile,  or  the  lowest 
narrowed  into  petioles,  i'-2'  long,  2"-6"  wide; 
heads  2"-2j2"  high  in  a  terminal,  sometimes 
leafy,  often  interrupted  spike,  or  the  lowest 
ones  distant  and  axillary;  bracts  of  the  invo- 
lucre yellowish  brown  or  purplish,  lanceolate- 
oblong,  acute  or  acutish,  the  outer  woolly  at 
the  base;  pappus-bristles  united  below;  achenes 
roughish. 

In  dry  sandy  soil,  eastern  Maine  to  plorida,  we'-t 
to  Pennsylvania,  West  Virginia,  Kentueky,  .\rkan 
sas,  Texas  and  Mexico.  Also  on  the  Paeilie  Coast 
and  in  South  .America.     May-Sept. 


404 


COMPOSITAE. 


[Vol,.  III. 


46.  ADENOCAULON  Hook.  Bot.  Misc.  i:  19.  1830, 
rerennial  herbs,  with  broad  alternate  sleiuler-petioled  leaves,  woolly  beneath,  and  pani- 
cled  small  heads  of  tubular  flowers.  Involucre  cainpanulate,  composed  of  a  few  herbaceous 
bracts.  Receptacle  nearly  flat,  naked.  Corollas  all  tubular,  4-5-lobed.  Marginal  flowers 
pistillate,  fertile.  Central  flowers  perfect,  sterile,  the  style  undivided;  anthers  slightly 
sagittate  at  the  base.  Pappus  none.  Achenes  obovoid  or  clavate,  very  obtuse,  faintly 
nerved,  j,'laudular  above,  longer  than  the  bracts  of  the  involucre,    [Greek,  gland-stem.] 

Abcnit  5  species,  natives  of  North  .\iiaTica.  Japan,  thi'  Himalayas  and  Chile.     Only  the  following 
is  known  in  North  Anurica. 


Adeno- 


I.    Adenocaulon  bicolor  Hook, 
caiilon.     (Fig.  3860.) 

.IdeiKhaufoii  bici'/orllaok.  \iot.  yWfiC.  1:  \i).    pi.  i-;.     1S30. 

vSteui  floccose- woolly,  or  at  length  glalirous,  i''-^^ 

high,  leafless  and  mostly  paniculatcly  branched  above. 

Leaves  all  basal  or  nearly  so,  deltoid-ovate,  obtuse 

or  acute   at  the   apex,    deeply   cordate   at   the  base, 

coarsely   repand-toothed    or   lobed,    thin,    green   and 

glabrous  above,  densely  and  persistently  white-woolly 

beneath,  I'-W  long  and  broad    with  slender  narrowly 

margined    petioles;    heads   numerous,    very   slender- 

peduncled,  small;  bracts  of  the  involucre  ,\  or  5,  ovate 

to  lanceolate,  reflexcd  in  fruit,  at  length  deciduous; 

achenes  :-,"-\"  long,  |i"  thick,  the  upper  part  beset 

'with  nail-shaped  glands. 

In  moist  woods,  Nortliini  Micliigan  and  Lake  Superior 
10  Hritish  Cohnnbia  and  California.     May-July. 


47.  INULA  L.  Sp.  PI.  881.      1753. 

Perennial,  mostly  tomeutose  or  woolly  herbs,  with  alternate  and  basal  leaves,  and  large 
heads  of  both  tubular  and  radiate  yellow  flowers.  Involucre  hemispheric  or  canipanulate, 
its  bracts  imbricated  in  several  series,  the  outer  often  foliaceous.  Receptacle  flat  or  convex, 
arcolate  or  foveolate,  not  chaffy.  Ray-tlowers  pistillate,  their  ligules  3-toothed.  Disk- 
flowers  pel  feet,  their  corollas  tubular,  ,s-toothed.  Anthers  sagittate  at  the  base,  the  auricles 
caudate.  Style-branches  of  the  disk-flowers  linear,  obtuse.  Achenes  4-5-ribbcd;  pappus  of 
capillary  rough  bristles  in  our  species.     [The  ancient  Latin  name.] 

.Aboiil  0(5  species,  nativis  of  ICuropc,  .\siii  and  .\frica. 


I.    Inula  Helenium  L.    l-lecampane. 

Horseheal.      (Fig.  3861.) 
Inula  Helenium  I,.  Sp.  PI.  8S1.      1753. 

Stems  tufted  from  large  thick  roots,  simple 
or  rarely  somewhat  branched,  2°-0'  high, 
densely  pubescent  above.  Leaves  large, 
broadly  oblong,  rough  above,  densely  pubes- 
cent beneath,  denticulate,  the  basal  ones 
acute  at  each  end,  long-petiolcd,  io'-2o'  long, 
4'-S'  wide;  stem  leaves  sessile,  or  cordate- 
clasping  at  the  base,  acute  at  the  apex, 
smaller;  heads  solitary,  or  few,  terminal, 
stout-peduncled,  2'-4' broad; involucre  hemi- 
spheric, nearly  i'  high,  its  outer  bracts  ovate, 
foliaceous,  pubescent;  rays  numerous,  linear; 
achenes  glabrous,  4-sidcd. 

Along  roadsides  and  in  fields,  Nova  Scotia  to 
Ontario  and  Minnesota,  south  to  North  Carolina 
and  Missouri.  Naturalized  from  Europe.  Native 
also  in  Asia.  Called  also  Scabwort,  Horse-elder, 
Yellow  Starwort,  EUdock. 


Gkms  4S.] 


THISTLF,   FAMILY. 


40s 


48.   POLYMNIA  L.  Sp.  PI.  926.      1753. 

Perennial  herbs  (some  tropical  species  woody),  witli  opposite  membranous  lobed  or 
angled  leaves,  or  the  lower  alternate,  and  mostly  lar^c  corymbose-paniculate  heads  of  both 
tubular  and  radiate  yellow  or  whitish  flowers,  or  rays  sometinies  wantinjj.  Involucre  hemi- 
spheric or  broader,  of  about  5  large  outer  bracts,  and  more  numerous  smaller  inner  ones. 
Receptacle  chaffy.  Ray-flowers  pistillate,  fertile,  subtended  by  the  inner  involucral  bracts, 
the  ligules  elongated,  minute,  or  none.  Disk-flowers  subtended  by  the  chaffy  scales  of  the 
receptacle,  perfect,  sterile,  their  corollas  tubular,  s-toothed.  .Anthers  2-toothcd  at  the  base.. 
Pappus  none.     Achencs  thick,  short,  turgid,  glabrous.     [From  the  Muse  Polhymnia.  j 

About  III  spccits.  natives  of  Anicrir.i.     Only  the  following  are  known  in  N'ortli  Aniericjv. 
Rays  commonly  6"  long  or  more,  ytllow;  achines  strouKly  striate.  i.  /'.  I'-jcifalia. 

Kays  coniniiitily  minute  and  whitish,  or  none;  achcnes  5  ribbed.  .'.  1'.  Ca)iadr>isis. 

I,    Polymnia  Uvedalia  L.     Yellow  or 

lyarge- flowered  Leaf-cup. 

(Fig.  3862.) 

Polymnia  Uvedalia  !<.  Sp.  PI.  VA.  2,  i,^o,v      I70,v 

Rough-pubescent,  stout,  branched,  ,^°-i<i^  bigh. 
Leaves  broadly  ovate  or  deltoid,  3-nerved,  abruptly 
contracted  above  the  base,  minutely  ciliate,  more 
or  less  pubescent  on  both  sides,  angulate-lobcd,  tlie 
lower  often  1"  long  and  broad,  petioled,  the  upper 
sessile,  somewhat  clasping;  heads  few  in  terminal 
clusters,  peduncled,  i  I'z'-'i'  broad;  rays  lo-i,s,  com- 
monly 6"-! 2"  long,  linear-oblong,  bright  yellow, 
3-toothed  or  entire;  exterior  bracts  of  the  cup-like 
involucre  ovate-oblong,  obtuse,  ciliate,  4"- 10" 
long;  achencs  slightly  oblique  and  laterally  com- 
pressed, strongly  striate,  nearly  3"  long. 

In  rich  woods,  New  York  to  Indiana,  and  MichiRiin 
(according  to  Wright),  south  to  Florida,  Missouri  and 
Texas.     Called  also  Yellow  Bearsfoot.    July-.\UK. 


2.    Polymnia  Canadensis  L.     Small- 
flowered  Leaf-ctip.     cFig.  3863.) 

Polymnia  Canaih'iisis  I..  .Sp.  PI.  9^6.      1753. 

Rather  slender,  viscid-pubescent,  at  least 
above,  simple  or  branched,  2°-5°  high.  Leaves 
deltoid-ovate  to  hastate,  usually  very  thin,  all 
petioled,  deeply  angulate-lobed  and  the  lobes 
dentate,  or  the  lower  lyrate-pinnatifid,  .('-lo' 
long,  the  uppermost  sometimes  ovate  and  en- 
tire or  merely  denticulate;  heads  few  in  term- 
inal clusters,  short-peduncled  or  sessile,  4"-6" 
broad;  outer  bracts  of  the  involucre  ovate  to 
lanceolate,  obtuse  or  acutish,  2"-3"  long;  rays 
small,  minute  or  none,  whitish  or  yellowisli; 
achenes  3-angled,  obovoid,  obcompressed,  3- 
ribbed,  not  striate. 

In  d.iiup,  rich  shaded  places,  western  (Intario  to 
Minnesota,  North  Carolina  and  Arkansas.  June- 
Sept. 

Polymnia  Canadensis  radiata  .V.  Cray,  Syn.  I'l.  N.  X.  I:  Part  2,  2iS-      '8!^4- 
I.igules  larger,  sometimes  6"  long,  3  lobed,  neatly  white.     Oecasional  in  the  range  of  the  type. 

49.    MELAMPODIUM  L.  Sp.  PI.  921.       1753. 

I  lerbs,  some  species  woody,  with  opposite  entire  or  dentate  leaves,  and  ternunal  ])ednncled 
heads  of  both  t\ibular  and  radiate,  white  or  yellow  flowers  in  our  species.  Involucre  hemi- 
spheric, its  bracts  in  2  series,  the  4  or  5  outer  ones  broad,  often  connate  at  the  base,  the  inner 
hooded,  embracingor  permanently  surrounding  the  pistillate  fcf.lo  ray-flowers.  Receptacle 
convex  or  conic,  chalfy.  Ray-flowers  in  i  series,  the  rays  spreading,  2-3-lobed  or  entire. 
Disk-flowers  perfect,  sterile,  their  corollas  with  a  narrowly  campanulate  ,s-toothed  limb,  the 
anthers  entire  at  the  base,  the  style  undivided.  Achenes  obovoid,  more  or  less  incurved. 
Pappus  none.     [Greek,  black-foot,  without  significance.] 

.\bout  2,=;  species,  natives  of  the  warmer  parts  of  .\meric.i.  besides  the  following,  some  (others 
occur  in  the  soHthwestern  I'nited  .States. 


T 


COMI'OSITAR.  [Vol.  III. 

I.     Melampodium    cinereum    DC. 

Pale   Melaiiiix)diiini. 

(FiR.  3864.) 

itffhim/indiiini  cinereum  DC.  Proilr.  $■  srS.      1S36. 

Perennial,  woody  at  the  base,  branched,  canes- 
cent,  4'  -12'  high,  the  branches  slender.  Leaves 
linear,  lanceolate,  or  the  lower  spatulate,  sessile, 
entire,  nndulate  or  sinuate,  i'-2'  lon^,  I'/i" -J," 
wide,  obtuse  or  obtusish  at  the  apex;  heads 
S"-iY'  broail,  terminating  the  branches;  pe- 
duncles slender,  I'-i'  long;  outer  bracts  of  the 
involucre  ovate  or  oval,  obtuse,  united  below; 
rays  5-9,  cuneate-oblong,  white,  2-3-lobed;  inner 
bracts  turl)inate  or  terete,  hooded,  inuricate, 
the  hood  wider  than  the  body. 

In  dry  soil,  Kansas  to  Arizona,  Texas  and  Mexico. 
June  Oct. 


50.    SILPHIUM  L.  Sp.  PI.  919. 


1753- 


Tall  perennial  herbs,  with  resinous  juice,  opposite  or  alternate  leaves,  and  large  corym- 
bose or  paniculate  (rarely  solitary)  peduncled  heads  of  both  tubular  and  radiate  yellow 
flowers.  Involucre  hemispheric  or  campanulate,  its  bracts  imbricated  in  few  series.  Re- 
ceptacle flat  or  nearly  so,  chafl'y,  the  chafi"  subtending  the  disk-flowers.  Ray-flowers  in  2 
or  3  series,  pistillate,  fertile,  the  ligules  numerous,  linear.  Disk-flowers  perfect  but  sterile, 
their  corollas  tubular,  5-toothed,  the  style  undivided.  Anthers  minutely  2-tootlied  or 
entire  at  the  base.  Achenes  broad,  dorsally  flattened,  2-wingtd,  notched  at  the  apex. 
Pappus  none,  or  of  2  awns  confluent  with  the  wings  of  the  acheue.  [Greek,  from  the 
resinous  juice.] 

Aliout  12  .species,  natives  of  North  America,  known  as  Rosin  weed  or  Rosinplanl. 
Stem  leafy,  the  leaves  opposite,  alternate,  or  verticillate. 

Leaves,  or  their  petiole-bases,  connate-perfoliate;  stem  square.  i.  S.  perfolialiim. 

Leaves  not  connate-perfoliate,  sessile  or  petioled. 

Leaves  opposite,  or  the  uppermost  alternate;  eaidine  sessile. 
Leaves,  or  some  of  them,  verticillate  in  3's  or  4's,  petioled. 
Most  or  all  of  the  leaves  alternate,  entire  or  dentate. 
Leaves  all  alternate,  pinnatiful  or  bipinnatifid.  large. 
Stem  leafless  or  nearly  so,  scaly  above;  leaves  basal,  large. 


5.  iiilec;)! folium. 
S.  Irifolialum. 
S.  .Is/erisius. 
S.  laciiiiiilutn. 
S.  leyebinllnnaceum. 


I.    Silphium  perfoliatum    L. 

Cup-plaiit.      Indian-cup. 
(Fig.  3865.) 

S.  perfolic'tiim  L.  Sp.  PI.  Ivd.  2,  1301.  1763. 
Stem  square,  glabrous,  or  rarelj'  some- 
what hispid,  branched  above,  or  some- 
times simple,  4°-8°  high.  Leaves  ovate 
or  deltoid-ovate,  opposite,  the  upper  con- 
nate-perfoliate, the  lower  abruptly  con- 
tracted into  margined  petioles,  all  thin, 
usually  scabrous  on  both  sides,  or  pubes- 
cent beneath,  coarsely  angulatc-dentate, 
or  the  upper  entire,  the  larger  6'-i2' 
long,  4''-S'  wide;  heads  commonly  numer- 
ous, 2'-3'  broad;  rays  20-31),  about  \'  long 
and  2"  wide;  in%'olucre  depressed-hemi- 
spheric, its  outer  bracts  broad,  ovate, 
ciliolate,  spreading  or  erect;  achenes  ob- 
ovate,  emarginate,  sometimes  2-toothed. 

In  moist  soil,  southern  Ontario  to  Minne- 
sota, south  to  Oeorgia,  Nebraska  and  Louisi- 
ana. Naturalized  near  New  York  City. 
Called  also  Ragged  Cup.     July-Sept. 


Oi.Nrs  50.] 


THISTLK   FAMILY. 


3 
5 


2.   Silphium   integrifdlium  Miclix. 
luitire-leaved  Rosin-weed.     (Fig.  3866.) 
Silphium  integrifolium  Michx.  Fl.  Bor.  Am.  2:  i^6. 

Stem  glabrous,  rough  or  souictinies  hirsute, 
corynibosely  branched  above,  2°-5°  high.  Leaves 
ovate  to  ovate-lanceolate,  acute  or  acuminate,  en- 
tire, denticulate  or  remotely  dentate,  rough  above, 
pubescent  or  glabrous  beneath,  those  of  the  stem 
all  closely  sessile,  often  half-clasping  but  not  cou- 
nate-perfoliate  at  the  rounded  base,  ^'-5'  long, 
i'-2'  wide;  heads  usually  numerous,  i'-2' broad; 
involucre  nearly  hemispheric,  its  outer  bracts 
ovate  or  ovate-laticeolate,  acute,  spreading,  cilio- 
late  or  pubescent;  rays  15-25;  achenes  oval  or 
obovate,  4"-5"  long,  deeply  emarginatc. 

On  prairies,  Ohio  to  Minnesota,  south  to  Louisiana, 
Ni  braska,  Arkansas  and  Texas.     Aug.-Sept. 


3.  Silphium  trifoliatum  L.  Whorled 
Rosin-weed.     (Fig.  3867.) 

Silphium  Irifoliatum  L.  Sp.  I'l.  020.      1753. 

Stem  glabrous, sometimes  glaucous,  corym- 
bosely  branched  at  the  summit,  4°--''  high. 
Leaves  lanceolate  or  oblong-lanceolate,  the 
middle  ones  almost  always  whorled  in  3's  or 
4's,  acuminate  at  the  apex,  narrowed  at  the 
base  and  usually  somewhat  petioled,  rough 
or  roughish  above,  pubescent  or  nearly  glab- 
rous beneath,  entire  or  denticulate,  3'-7' long, 
Yi'-iYi'  wide;  heads  several  or  numerous, 
\yz'-2'  broad;  involucre  hemispheric,  its 
outer  bracts  ovate  or  oval,  acute  or  obtuse, 
glabrous,  or  slightly  pubescent,ciliolate;  rays 
15-20;  achenes  oval  or  obovate,  narrowly 
winged,  emarginate,  sharply  2-toothcd. 

In  woods,  Pennsylvania  to  Ohio,  south  to  \'ir- 
ginia  and  .•Klabama.    July-Get. 


4.    Silphium  Asteriscus  L.     Starry 
Rosin-weed.     (Fig.  3868.) 

Silpliium  Ai/eriscus  I,.  Sp.  PI.  920.      17:55. 

vStem  hispid-pubescent,  simple,  or  branched 
above,  2"^-4°  high,  usually  purple.  Leaves 
nearly  all  alternate,  ovate,  ovate-oblong,  or 
lanceolate,  acute  or  obtusish,  sessile,  somewhat 
clasping,  or  the  lower  narrowed  into  short  peti- 
oles, dentate,  or  the  upper  entire,  2'-5'  long, 
yi'-i'  wide;  heads  commonly  few,  i'-2'  broad; 
rays  12-15;  involucre  hemispheric,  its  bracts 
mostly  hispid,  ovate  to  oblong,  acute  or  obtuse, 
squarrosc;  achenes  oval  or  obovate,  narrowly 
winged,  2-toothed. 

In  dry  soil.  Maryland  to  Tennessee  and  Missouri, 
south  to  Florida  and  Louisiana.     J-  .le-Sepl. 


408 


coMrosiTAi:. 


[Vol..  Ill, 


6.     Silphium     terebinthinaceum 

Jacq.     Prairie  Dock.     Prairie 
Burdock.     (Fig.  3870.) 

Silphium    ieychinlhinaceuin     ]ac(i.     Ilort. 
Vind.  i:  pi.  .f;.      1770. 

Stem  glabrous  or  nearly  so,  branched 
and  scaly  abo%'c,  4°-io°  high.  Leaves 
all  basal  or  nearly  so,  coriaceous,  ovate, 
mostly  long-petioled,  acute  at  the  apex, 
cordate  at  the  base,  rough  ou  both  sides, 
often  12'  long  and  ii'  wide,  sharply  den- 
tate; heads  numerous,  ija'-j'  broad, 
borne  on  glabrous  peduncles;  involucre 
hemispheric,  its  bracts  ovate-oblong, 
erect,  glabrous  or  minutely  pubescent; 
rays  12-20;  achenes  obovate,  narrow! v 
winged,  slightly  2-toothed  and  emargin- 
ate  at  the  apex. 

(In  prairies  and  in  dry  woods,  southern 
Ontario  and  Ohio  to  Minnesota,  south  to 
Georgia,  Iowa  and  Louisiana.  Calkd  also 
Kosin-i>iant.    July  Sept. 

Silphium  terebinthinaceum  pinnatifidum  'lUl.  ) 

A.  Gray,  Man.  220,     is^b, 
.S".  pinnalifuiuiti  V.W.  ]!ot.  S,  C.  &  Ga,  2:  462. 

1S21. 

Leaves  laciniate  or  pinnatifid.  Ohio  to 
Georgia. 


5.   Silphium  laciniatum  L.     Com- 
pass-plant.     Pilot-weed. 
(Fig.  3869.) 

Silphium  lacinialum  \,.  Sp.  PI,  rii.>      175.5, 

Rough  or  hispid,  very  resinous;  stem 
6°-i2°  high;  basal  leaves  pinnatifid  or  bi- 
pinnatifid,  long-petioled,  i^  long  or  more, 
the  lobes  oblong  or  lanceolate;  stem  leaves 
alternate,  vertical,  their  edges  tending  to 
point  north  and  south,  sessile,  or  the  lower 
short-petioled,  the  upper  cordate-clasping 
at  the  base,  gradually  smaller  and  less 
divided;  heads  several  or  numerous,  ses- 
sile or  short-peduncled,  2'-5'  broad,  the 
peduncles  bracted  at  the  base;  rays  20-30, 
l'-2'  long;  involucre  nearly  hemispheric, 
its  bracts  large,  rigid,  lanceolate  or  ovate, 
very  sijuarrose;  achenes  oval,  about  6" 
long,  the  wing  broader  aliove  than  lielow, 
notched  at  the  apex,  awnle.ss. 

On  prairies,  Ohio  to  South  Dakota,  soulli  to 
.Vlabania,  Louisiana  and  'iVxas.  CalKd  also 
Turpentine -wi'L'd,  I'olar-plant,  K'jsin-wced. 
July  Sept. 


51.    CHRYSOGONUM  L.  Sp.  PI.  920.       1753. 

Pubescent  perennial  herbs,  with  opposite  and  basal  pctioled  leaves,  and  slcnder-peduncled- 
axillary  and  terminal,  rather  large  heads  of  both  tubular  and  radiate,  yellow  flowers.  In 
volucre  hemispheric,  its  bracts  in  2  series  of  ,s,  the  outer  large,  obovate  or  spatulate,  folia- 
ceous,  the  inner  oval,  firm,  each  subtending  a  pistillate  ray-flower.  Reccptiicle  chalVy,  each 
scale  subtending  and  partlj'  enclosing  a  perfect  but  sterile  tubular  flower  with  a  5  toothed 
corolla.  Anthers  nearly  entire  at  the  base.  .Vchenes  obovate,  compressed,  their  margins 
acute,  not  winged,  i-nerved  on  the  back,  1-2-ribbed  on  the  inner  side.  Pappus  a  short  half- 
cup-shaped  crown,     [tireek,  golden-knee.] 

A  inonotypie  jrenus  of  eastern  North  .■Vnieriea. 


GkniS  51.] 


THISTLE  FAMILY. 


409 


I.    Chrysogonum  Virginianum  L. 

Chrysogonuni.     (.Fig.  3S71.) 

Clnysogonnm  I'irginiaiiiiM  L.  Sp.  I'l.  920.      1753. 

rcreniiial  by  rootstocks  or  runners,  pubescent 
or  hirsute  throughout,  branched  from  the  base, 
or  at  first  acaulescent,  3'-! 2'  hijjli,  Leaves 
ovate  or  oblong,  obtuse  or  acutish  at  the  apex, 
tlie  upper  souictiuies  sul)Cor(latc  at  the  base , 
crenate-deutate,  rather  thin,  i'-,^'  long,  >i'-2' 
wide,  the  basal  ones  with  petioles  as  long  as  the 
blade  or  longer,  those  of  the  upper  ones  shorter; 
peduncles  I'-Y  long;  heads  l'~iyi'  broad;  outer 
bracts  of  the  involucre  obtuse;  rays  about  5, 
4"-7"  long. 

Ill  ilry  soil,  soutlicrii  Pennsylvania  to  I'loridn. 
April-July. 

Chrysogonum  Virginianum  dentatum  A.    Ciiiiy,    liot. 
C'.az.  7:  .u.     1SS2. 

Leaves  dentate,  the  teeth  and  acutish  apex  iiiii- 
cronulate;    outer  bracts  of  tlie  involucre  acute.      High  Island,  Potomac  Kiver,  near  Washington. 


52.    BERLANDIERA  DC.  Prodr.  5;  517.       1836. 

Perennial  cauescent  or  pubescent  herbs,  with  alternate  leaves  and  rather  large,  peduncled 
solitary  or  corymbose  heads  of  both  tubular  and  radiate  yellow  flowers.  Involucre  de- 
pressed-hemispheric, its  bracts  imbricated  in  about  3  series,  the  outermost  small,  mostly 
oblong,  the  second  series  broader,  oval  or  ot)ovate,  the  inner  membranous,  similar,  reticu- 
lated when  mature,  subtending  the  ray-flowers  and  exceeding  the  disk.  Receptacle  nearly 
flat,  chalTy,  the  chaff  subtending  the  disk-flowers.  Ray-flowers  5-12,  pistillate,  fertile. 
Disk-flowers  perfect,  tubular,  sterile,  their  corollas  5-toothed.  Anthers  entire,  or  minutely 
2-toothed  at  the  base.  Style  of  the  tubular  flowers  undivided,  hirsute.  Acheues  obovate, 
compressed,  not  winged,  i-ribbed  on  the  inner  side,  the  pappus  obsolete,  early  deciduous  or 
of  2  caducous  awns.  [Named  after  J.  L.  lierlandier,  a  Swiss  botanical  collector  in  Texas  and 
Mexico.] 

About  5  species,  n.itives  of  Uic  southern  I'liiteil  States  and  Me.xico. 

Stem  leafy;  leaves  ovate  to  oblong,  crenatc.  i.  /)'.  Ti'vaiui. 

riant  acaulescent,  or  nearly  so;  leaves  lyrate-pinnalificl.  2,  li.lyrata. 


I.     Berlandiera    Texana 

Texan   Berlandiera. 


DC. 


(Fig.  3872.) 


lieihindicia  '/>' r<;;((2  DC.  I'rodr.  5:  517.     iSj6. 

Hirsute-pubescent  throughout;  stem 
erect,  branched  above,  or  simple,  2°-;,^ 
high,  leafy.  Leaves  ovate,  or  the  basal  ob- 
long, crenatc,  acutish  or  obtuse  at  the 
apex,  rounded  or  cordate  at  the  base,  i'-\' 
long,  i'-2'  wide,  the  upper  sessile,  the 
lower  petioled;  heads  few  or  several,  i'- 
I  Vz'  broad, in  a  terminal  corymbose-cymose 
cluster;  peduncles  ,'+'-i|2'  long;  inner 
bracts  of  the  involucre  twice  as  large  as 
the  outer. 


In  dry  soil,  Missouri  and  Kansas  to  .\rkati 
sas  and  Louisiana.    ]uly-Aug. 


4IO 


COMl'OSITAR. 


[Vol..  III. 


2.    Berlandiera   lyrata  Heiitli.     Lyre- 
leaved  Berlaiuliera.     (Fig.  3873.) 

Silf'hium  Xutlallianiiin  Tdtr.  Ami.  I.yc.  N.  Y.  3:  2I'j. 
Xiinie  only.      1827. 

Ilfilaiiitiera  lyrala  Hentli.  I'l.  llartw.  17.      i8.v;. 

I'incly  wliitish-cancsrcnt,  acaulescent  or  sliort- 
steiiitnecl;  scapes  or  peduncles  slender,  .V-s'  long, 
bcarinj^  a  solitary  liead,  or  rarely  2.  Leaves  lyrate- 
pinnatilid,  obtuse,  petioled,  the  terminal  segment 
usually  larger  than  the  lateral  ones,  the  lower  ones 
very  small,  all  obtuse,  mostly  crenate,  sometimes 
becoming  green  and  glabrate  above;  head  about  i' 
broad;  inner  bracts  of  the  involucre  much  broader 
than  the  outer,  orbicular,  or  wider  than  long; 
achencs  obovate,  keeled  on  the  inner  face. 

In  dry  soil,  Kansa.s  to  Te.xas,  Arizona  and  Mexicn. 

53.   ENGELMANNIA  T.  &(^..  Fl.  N.  A.  2:  283.       1841. 

Perennial  hirsute  herbs,  with  alternate  pinnatifid  leaves,  and  corymbose  slender-pedun- 
clcd  rather  large  heads  of  both  tubular  and  radiate  yellow  flowers.  Involucre  hemispheric, 
its  bracts  imbricated  in  2  or  3  series,  the  outer  linear,  loose,  hirsute,  ciliate,  the  inner  oval 
or  obovate,  concave,  appressed,  subtending  the  ray-flowers.  Receptacle  flat,  chaify,  the 
chaff  subtending  and  partly  enclosing  the  disk-flowers.  Rays  S-io,  pistillate,  fertile.  Disk- 
flowers  about  as  many,  tubular,  perfect,  sterile,  the  corolla  ,=5-toothed.  .Vntliers  minutely 
2-dentate  at  the  base.  Style  of  the  tubular  flowers  undivided.  .Vchcucs  obovate,  compressed, 
not  winged,  i-ribbed  on  each  face.  Pappus  a  persistent  irregularly  cleft  crown.  [Named 
for  Dr.  Geo.  Engelmann,  botanist,  of  St.  I.,ouis.]  —^^      -^ 

.•\   monotypic   genus  of    the   south-central    I'nitcd 
.States. 

X.    Engelmannia  pinnatifida  T.  &  G. 

Engelmannia.     (Fig.  3874.) 


Juii;el»uiniiia  pinnalil'ida  T. 
1S41. 


.S:  G.  V\.  N.  A.  2:   2>.: 


Stem  usually  branched  above,  i°-3^  high.  Hasal 
leaves  slendcr-petioled,  4'-S'  long,  their  lobes 
lanceolate  or  oblong,  dentate  or  entire,  obtuse  or 
acutish;  upper  leaves  smaller,  sessile,  less  divided, 
the  uppermost  sometimes  entire,  or  with  a  pair  of 
basal  lobes;  heads  usually  numerous,  about  i' 
broad;  peduncles  i'-5'  long;  outer  bracts  of  the 
involucre  somewhat  in  2  scries,  the  first  linear,  the 
second  broadened  at  the  base. 

In  dry  soil,  Kansas  to  Louisiana,  Arizona  and  North 
Mexico.     May. -.Vug. 


54.    PARTHENIUM  L.  Sp.  PI.  988.     1753. 

Perennial,  mostly  pubescent  or  canescent  herbs,  or  shrubs,  with  alternate  leaves,  and 
sn'.all  corymbose  or  paniculate  heads  of  both  tubular  and  radiate  white  or  yellow  flowers. 
Involucre  broadly  campanulate  or  hemispheric,  its  bracts  imbricated  in  2  or  3  series,  obtuse, 
appressed,  nearly  equal.  Receptacle  convex  or  conic,  chaffy,  the  chaff  membranous,  sur- 
rounding the  disk-flowers.  Ray-flowers  about  5,  pistillate,  fertile,  their  ligules  short,  broad, 
2-toothed  or  obcordate.  Disk-flowers  perfect,  sterile,  their  corollas  5-toothed,  the  style 
undivided.  Anthers  entire  at  the  base.  Achenes  compressed,  keeled  on  the  inner  face, 
margined,  bearing  the  persistent  rays  on  the  summit.  Pappus  of  2-3  scales  or  awns. 
[Greek,  virgin.] 

About  lospecics.nativesof  North  America,  Jlexico.thc  \Ve<*t  Indies  and  northern  South  .\merica. 
Besides  the  following,  some  5  others  occur  in  the  southern  and  southwestern  Tnited  States. 


Ghms  54] 


THrSTIJ!   FAMILY. 


4" 


Stem  .uiiiutely  pulKscciit,  or  Klalirom  IicIhw;  rootstocks  thicktiu  d. 
Stem  ]iilosi-put)i'Sci'iit;  routstocks  sk'tider,  crci'piiiK,  forming  runner'^. 

I.    Parthenium  integrifohum  L.     American  Fever-few. 

( I^'iR.  3«75. ) 

Pa>  Ihenium   inlcgii/dliiiin    I,.    Sp.    I'l.  yS><. 

Stem  stout,  striate,  finely  pubescent  with 
short  hairs,  or  (glabrous  l)elow,  coryinboscly 
branched  above,  i°-4°  lii^h.  Rootstocks 
tuberous-thickeneil;  leaves  firm,  ovate  or 
ovate-oblonji;,  acute  or  acuminate,  crenate 
dentate  or  somewhat  lyrate  at  the  base, 
hispidulous  and  rouf^hish  on  both  sides, 
the  lower  and  basal  ones  petiokd,  often 
12'  lonj;  and  ,s'  wide,  the  upper  smaller, 
sessile  and  partly  clasping;  heads  numer- 
ous in  a  dense  terminal  corymb;  involucre 
nearly  hemispheric,  about  3"  high,  its 
bracts  lirni,  the  outer  oblong,  densely  ap- 
])ressed-pubtscent,  the  inner  broader,  gla- 
brous, or  ciliatc  on  the  margins;  rays 
white  or  whitish. 

In  dry  soil.  Marylaml  to  Minnesota,  south 
to  Gi-orjria,  Missouri  and  Ti-xas.  C.illeil  also 
Cuttin>;  .\lmonil.     Ma) -Sept. 


1.  P.  iii/i]i:>  i/oliiint. 

2.  /'.  I  e/ifiis. 

Prairie  Dock. 


2.  Parthenium  repens  Ivggert.     Creep- 
ing or  Hairj'  Parthenium. 
(Fig.  3876.) 

Pa>!heiihini  x'/ifiis  I'.ggvrt.  Cat.  PI.  St.  I.ouis,  I'j. 
1S91. 

.Similar  to  the  preceding  species,  but  lower, 
seldom  over  2''  high.  Rootstocks  slender, 
forming  ruimers;  stem  pilose  or  hispid  with 
spreading  hairs;  leaves  hispid  on  both  sides, 
irregularly  crenate,  sometimes  lyrate  at  the 
base,  the  teeth  rounded  and  obtuse;  heads 
fewer,  slightly  larger,  in  a  smaller  looser 
corymb;  outer  bracts  of  the  involucre  propor- 
tionately broader. 

Missouri.     .\i)ril-July. 


55.    CRASSINA  Scepin,  Sched.  Acido  Veg.  42.       1758. 
[Zinnia  L.  Syst.  Ivd.  10,  1221.      i75'».] 

Annual  or  perennial  herbs,  some  species  shrubby,  with  opposite  entire,  or  sparingly  ser- 
rate, mostly  narrow  and  sessile  leaves,  and  large  or  middle-sized  heads  of  both  tubular  and 
radiate  Uowers.  Ray-flowers  pistillate,  yellow,  or  variegated,  persistent  on  the  achene. 
Disk-flowers  perfect,  fertile;  corolla  cylindraceous,  its  lobes  villous.  Involucre  campanulate 
to  nearly  cylindric,  its  bracts  obtuse,  dry,  firm,  appressed,  imbricated  in  3  series  or  more, 
the  outer  gradually  shorter.  Receptacle  conic  or  cylindric,  chafTy,  the  chatT  -iubtending  and 
enwrapping  the  disk-flowers.  .Style  branches  elongated,  not  appendaged.  Achenes  of  the 
ray-flowers  somewhat  3-angled,  those  of  the  disk  flattened.  Pappus  of  few  awns  or  teeth. 
fJn  honor  of  Paul  Crassus,  an  Italian  botanist  of  the  i6th  century.] 

.■\bout  12  species,  natives  of  the  I'nited  States  and  Mexico. 


412 


UOMl'OSITAl-;. 


Vor,   in. 


I.  Crassina  grandiflora  (  Nutt.  )  Kuiitzc. 
Prairie  Zinnia.     (  Fig.  3S77.') 

/iiinin  i;iitni1i/loia  Niitt.  Tniiis,  Am.  Phil  ,Soc.  i  Ilj 

7:. its.      184.'. 
Cnisuiia  giaiidijlnia   Kiiiil/r,    Kov.   Cicii.    I'l     vu. 

1S91, 

I'crciiiiinl,  wooily  at  tlic  Imse,  lulteil,  iiimli 
briiiK'lied,  rouf;li,.;'-6'  lii^jh.  Leaves  ratlier  rigiil, 
linear  to  liiieai -lanceolate,  entire,  6"-ls"  loHK. 
I'/i"  wide,  or  less,  connate  at  the  base,  aiule  or 
HCiitisli,  crowded;  heads  nuinerons,  pcduiioled. 
terminating;  the  hrancl'es,  i()"-iS"  broad;  rays 
4  or  5,  broad,  yellow,  rounded,  or  eniarKinate, 
their  achenes  with  a  pappus  of  2  or  |  awns;  in- 
volucre canipanulate-cylindric,  y"  A"  hijjli; 
style-branches  of  the  disk-llow  ers  subulate. 

Ill  ilry  siiil,  Kansas  and  Colorado  to  Texas,  Mexico 
and  .Vrizona.     Jmic  Sept. 


56.  HELIOPSIS  Pers.  Syn.  2:  473.  1807, 
Perennial  herbs  la  tropical  species  annual),  with  opposite  petioled  ,vribbed  leaves,  and 
large  pednncled  terminal  and  axillary  heads  of  tubular  and  radiate  yellow  llowers.  Invo- 
lucre heniispheric  or  broadly  canipanulatc,  its  l)racts  oblong  or  lanceolate,  imbricated  in  2 
or  3  series.  .Heccptacle  convex  or  conic,  chalTy,  the  chafT  enveloping  the  disk-llowers. 
Ray-flowers  pistillate,  fertile,  the  rays  spreading,  the  tube  very  short,  commonly  persistent 
on  the  achetie.  Disk-flowers  perfect,  the  tube  short,  the  limb  elongated,  ,s-toothed.  .An- 
thers entire,  or  minutely  2-toothed  at  the  base.  vStyle-bratichcs  tipped  with  small  hirsute 
appendages.  Achcncs  thick,  obtusely  ,^-4-angled,  the  summit  truncate.  Pappus  none,  or 
of  2-4  teeth,  or  a  coroniforni  bonier.     [Creek,  sun-like.] 

Aboiil  11  species,  natives  of  .■ViiRricii.     Iksidis  the  followiiijr,  two  otlurs  ociurinthc  southern 
and  southwestern  liiiled  .States. 

Leaves  smooth,  or  nearly  so;  pai)pus  none,  or  of  2-4  stout  teeth. 
Leaves  rough;  pappus  crown  like,  or  of  1-3  sharp  teeth. 


I.  //.  Iirliaiitlii'idrs 
i.  If.  sc  ibra. 


I.    Heliopsis  helianthoides  (L.  )  H.S.P.     Ox-eye. 

(Fig.  3878.) 


liuphlliaUnum    helianthoides    L.   Sp.    I'l.   1/34. 
"75.V 

HeliKpsis  laevis  I'crs.  Sfyn.  2:  473.      1.S07. 

I/eliopsis  helianllinides  U.S.  1'.  I'rel.  Cat.  N.  Y. 

28.     i8,SS. 

Stem  glabrous,  branched  above,  3°-5^  high. 
Leaves  opposite,  or  rarely  in  ,VSi  ovate  or 
ovate-lanceolate,  rather  thin,  acuminate  at 
the  apex,  usually  abruptly  narrowed  at  the  \> 
base,  sharply  and  nearly  equally  dentate, 
smooth  on  both  sides,  or  roughish  above, 
3'-6'  long,  l'-2'i'  -.vide;  heads  long-pedun- 
cled,  somewhat  coryndiose,  lyi'-iyi'  broad; 
rays  9"-! 2"  long,  persistent,  or  at  length 
decaying  away  from  the  achenes;  bracts  of 
the  involucre  oblong  or  linear-oblong,  ob- 
tuse or  acutish,  the  outer  commonly  longer 
than  the  inner;  achenes  glabrous,  the  summit 
truncate;  pappus  none,  or  of  2-4  short  teeth. 

In  open  places,  (Ontario  to  Florida,  west  to 
Illinois  and  Kentucky.     July-Scpt. 


F'alse  Sunflower. 


rHISTI.I';    FAMILY 
Kiittgh 


2.    Heliopsis    scabra    Diitial. 
Ox-eyc.     (I'iK.  .1879.  J 

Mini    Mus.   I'iirin,  5;  .v. 
IM.  N    A.  i: 


-♦'j 


///■// i'/>w'.(  uahirt  Diitial 

//<■//'( i/>t;\  laei'is  var.   uiifTii  T.  \:  < 

Similar  til  the  prcceiliii>;  siifcii.'s,  but  stem 
rout^li,  lit  least  iihove,  simple  or  hriiuclicil,  2"-  t 
hij;li.  I.enves  ovate  or  ovnte-laiu'eolate,  ariite 
or  sometimes  amimitinte,  sliarply  dentate,  rough 
1)11  liiith  sides,  tlrm,  a'-.s'  lotig,  iji'-i'  wide, 
abruptly  narrowed  at  the  base,  short-petioled; 
heads  lew,  or  sometimes  solitary,  loiijj-peduu- 
cled,  2'-2,'2'  broad;  rays  usually  1'  long,  or 
more;  bracts  of  the  involucre  caiiescent,  oblong 
or  liiiear-obloiiK;  aclienes  pubescent  on  the 
mar>;ins  when  young;  pappus  a  short  laciiiiate 
crown,  or  I-;,  sharp  teeth. 

fsually  in  dry  soil,  Maine  to  New  York,  Newjer- 
scv,  Illinois,  lintisli  Cohmibia,  and  Arkansas.  Jum- 
Se'pt. 

57.    ECLIPTA  I..  Maiit.  PI.  2.  157.       1771. 

ICrect  or  diffuse  briinching  pubescent  or  hirsute  herbs,  with  oi)posite  leaves,  and  small 
pedunclcd  terminal  and  axillary  heads  of  tubular  and  radiate  whitish  llowers.  Involucre 
hemispheric  or  broadly  campanulate,  its  bracts  imbricated  in  about  2  scries,  nearly  ecjual,  or 
the  o\itcr  longer.  Rccept.icic  Hat  or  convex,  chaffy,  the  chaff  awn-like,  subtending  the 
achencs.  Kay-dowers  pistillate,  fertile.  Diskdowers  perfect,  mostly  fertile,  their  corollas 
tubular,  4-toothed  or  rarely  5-toothed.  Anthers  entire  or  minutely  2-toothed  at  the  base. 
Style-branches  of  the  disk-flowers  with  obtuse  or  triangular  tips.  .Hellenes  thick,  those  of 
the  rays  vsided,  those  of  the  disk  compressed.  I'ajjpus  none,  or  of  a  few  short  teeth, 
[(ireck,  wanting,  referring  to  the  absence  of  pappus  ] 

.\liout  4  spcciis,  niuslly  of  tropical  distribution. 

I.    Eclipta  alba  (h.)  Hassk.     Ixlipta. 
(Fig.   3880.) 

I'fi/ifuiia  a/ha  I,.  Sp.  I'l.  (/)2.      1753. 

I'.clipla  eii'cia  I,.  Mant.  J:  2S6.     1771. 

/■'.itifila  />iO(-ti>n/ifiix  Miclix.  l'\.  llor.  .\ni.  2:  120.      iSoj. 

lulipla  nWa  Hassk.  IM.  Jav.  Kar.  528.      iS^S. 

Annual,  rough  with  appressed  pubescence,  erect  or 
diffuse,  6'-3''  high.  I<eaves  lanceolate,  oblong-lance- 
olate or  linear-lanceolate,  acute  or  acuminate,  den- 
ticulate or  entire,  narrowed  to  a  sessile  base,  or  the 
lower  pctioled,  I'-s'  long,  2"-lo"  wide;  heads  com- 
monly numerous,  3"-6"  broad,  nearly  sessile,  or 
slender-pcduncled;  rays  short,  nearly  white;  anthers 
brown;  achciies  4-toothed,  or  at  length  truncate. 

.MonK  streanis.and  in  waste  places,  southern  New  York 
to  Illinois  and  Nibr.aska,  soulli  to  Florida,  Texas  and 
Mexico.  Naturalized  from  tropical  Atnerica  and  widely 
distributed  in  warm  regions  as  a  weed.    July-Oct. 

58.   TETRAGONOTHECA  L.  Sp.  PI.  903.     1753. 

Erect  perennial  mostly  branched  herbs,  with  opposite,  sessile  or  connate-perfoliate, 
broad  dentate  leaves,  and  large  peduncled  heads  of  tubular  and  radiate  yellow  flowers.  In- 
volucre depressed-hemispheric,  its  principal  bracts  4,  large  and  foliaceous,  inserted  in  1  series; 
inner  bracts  6-15,  small,  subtending  the  pistillate  ray-flowers.  Receptacle  conic,  chaffy,  the 
chafiF  concave,  enwrapping  the  perfect  fertile  disk-flowers,  the  corollas  of  which  are  slender 
and  5-toothed.  Anthers  entire  or  minutely  2-toothed  at  the  base.  Style-branches  of  the 
disk-flowers  hispid,  tipped  with  elongated  appendages.  Acheues  thick,  4-sided,  truncate  at 
the  summit.  Pappus  none,  or  of  several  short  scales.  [Greek,  4-angled-case,  referring  to 
the  involucre.] 

Three  known  species,  natives  of  tlie  southern  United  States  and  northern  Me.\ico. 


414 


COMPOSITAE. 


I.   Tetragonotheca  helianthoides 

L.     Tetragonotheca. 

(Fig.  38S1.) 

Tetragonotheca   lielicinllioides   I,.   Sp.    PI.   i>i3. 
1753- 

Viscidly  pubescent;  stem  branched  or  sim- 
ple, i°-2|2°  liis'i.  Leaves  ovate,  ovate-ob- 
loug,  or  somewhat  rhomboid,  tliin,  coarsely 
and  une(iually  dentate,  pinnately  veined, 
acute  at  the  apex,  narrowed  at  the  base, 
sessile,  or  connate-])erfoliate,  2'-6'lonK,  i'-.^' 
wide;  heads  usually  few,  \)i'-'i'  broad,  in- 
volucre 4-angled  in  the  bud,  its  principal 
bracts  broadly  ovate,  acute;  rays  6-10,  strong- 
ly parallel-nerved,  2-3-toothcd;  corolla-tube 
villous  below;  acheues  .(-sided,  or  nearly 
terete;  pappus  none. 

In  dry  soil,  Virginia  lo  I'lurida  and  Alabama. 
May-June.  Soniitinies  tlmveritig  again  in  tlie 
autumn. 


59.    SPILANTHES  Jacq.  Stirp.  Am.  214.//.  ij6.      1763. 

.-Knnual  branching  herbs,  or  some  species  perennial,  with  opposite,  usually  toothed  leaves 
and  rather  small,  long-pedunclcd  discoid  and  radiate  heads,  terminal,  or  in  the  upper  axils, 
or  rays  wanting  in  some  species.  Involucre  canipanulate,  its  bracts  in  about  2  scries,  her- 
baceous, loosely  appressed.  Receptacle  convex  or  elongated,  cliatTy,  its  clialT  embracing 
the  disk-achencs  and  at  length  falling  away  with  Iheni.  Ray-flowers  yellow,  or  while,  pis- 
tillate. Disk- flowers  yellow,  perfect,  their  corollas  tubular  with  an  exp.anded  4-5-cleft  limb. 
Anthers  truncate  at  the  base.  Style-branches  of  tlie  disk-flowers  long,  sometimes  jicnicillate 
at  the  summit.  Ray-achenes  3-sided,  or  compressed,  those  of  the  disk-flowers  conipres.'^cd, 
margined.     Pappus  of  1-3  awns,  or  more.     [Creek,  spot-  or  stain-flower,  not  significant.] 

About  ,50  species,  natives  of  warm  and  tropical  regions. 

I.    Spilanthes  repens  (Walt.)  Michx. 
Spilaiithes.     (Fig.  3882.) 

Aiilhemis  lepeiis  Walt.  V\.  Car.  211.      17SS. 
Sf>i/aiit/ifs  >r/'CH.5Miclix.  1"1.  Hor.  Am.  2:  131.     I'^o3. 

Perennial,  usually  rooting  at  the  lower  nodes; 
stem  slender,  simple  or  branched,  spreading  or 
ascending,  8'-2°  long,  pubesceiU,  or  nearly 
glabrous.  Leaves  ovate  to  lanceolate,  petiolcil, 
acute  or  acuminate  at  the  apex,  or  the  lower 
obtuse,  coarsely  toothed,  or  nearly  entire,  l'-,?' 
long;  heads  long-peduncled,  solitary  at  tlie  end 
of  the  stem  and  branches,  6"-ic)"  broad;  bracts 
of  the  involucre  oblong  to  oblong-lanceolate, 
obtuse  or  acute;  rays  S-12,  yellow;  receptacle 
narrowly  conic;  achenes  oblong,  most  of  them 
roughened  when  mature  and  hispidulous;  pap- 
pus of  I  or  2  very  short  awns,  or  none. 

In  moist  or  wet  soil,  Missouri  to  Texas,  east  to 
South  Carolina  and  IHorida.    Jime-.Sepl. 

60.    RUDBECKIA  L.  Sp.  PI.  906.       1753. 
Perennial  or  biennial  (rarely  annual \  mostly  rigid,  usually  rough  or  hispid  herbs,  with 
alternate  undivided  lobed  or  piunatifid  leaves,  and  large  long-peduncled  heads  of  tubidar 
(mostly  purple  I  and  radiate  (yellow)  flowers.     Involucre  hemispheric,  its  bracts  imbricated 


GUNfS   Chi] 


THISTLR   FAMILY. 


4'5 


I 


in  2-4  series.  Receptacle  coni:  or  convex,  with  chalTy  concave  scales  subtending  or  en- 
veloping the  disk-flowers.  Rav-flowers  neutral,  the  rays  entire  or  toothed.  Disk-tloweis 
perfect,  fertile,  their  corollas  s-lohed.  .\nthers  entire  or  minutely  2-niucronatc  at  the  base. 
Style-branches  tipped  with  hirsute  appendaj,'es.  Achenes  4-angIed,  obtuse  or  truncate  at 
the  apex.  Pappus  coroniforin,  sometimes  of  2-4  short  teeth,  or  none.  [In  honor  of  Clans 
Kudbeck,  1630-1702,  Swedish  anatomist  and  botanist.] 

Abcpiit  27  s])ccics,  niitivcs  of  N'ortli  America  and  Mexico.    In  addition  U)  the  following,  some  iS 
otliirs  occur  in  the  soutliern  and  western  I'niud  States. 

-:-;-   Stem-leaves  not  cordate-clasping;  achenes  4-angled. 
Disk  globose  or  ovoid  and  purple  or  dark  brown  in  fruit;  lower  leaves  entire  or  lobed. 
Lower  leaves  deeply  vlobed  or  vdividi d. 

riant  more  or  less  hirsute;  leaves  thin;  elialT  awned.  i.  K.  hiloba. 

riant  scabrous;  leaves  thick;  clialT  blunt,  pubescent  at  ape.\.  2.  /i.  sublomenlosa. 

Leaves  neither  ,^  lobed  nor  ^divided 

I'lants  hispid;  clialT  acute  or  acutish,  hirsute  at  summit. 

.Stem  leaves  lanceolate  looblong;  involucre  shorter  than  the  rays.     3,  R.  hiila. 
Stem  leaves  oval  to  obovate;  involucral  bracts  foliaceous,  nearly  as  long  as  the  rays. 

-l.  A'.  Itiittonii. 
Plants  pubescent  or  glabrate;  chaff  obtuse. 

Leaves  denticulate  or  entire;  rays  0-12"  long. 

Stem  leaves  t)blong  or  obloiiglanceolate;  disk  6"-S"  broad,  globose. 

5.  /i.fiilgida. 
Stem  leaves  obovate  or  spatulate;  disk  4"-.';"  broad,  depressed. 

0.  A',  spathulala. 
Leaves  dentate  or  laciniate;  rays  about  18"  long.  7.  R.  sfiecioia. 

Disk  elongp'"'!  or  cylindric  in  fruit,  yellowish  or  gray;  lower  leaves  pinnately  divided  or  piniiatifi<l. 

8.  A',  iaiiiiiata. 
•;.'■  -k  Stem-leaves  cordate-clasping;  achenes  nearly  terete,  striate,     tj,   A*.  atnplexicauHs. 


X.    Rudbecki?  triloba  L, 

Rudbeckia  liiloba  L.  Sp.  I'l.  907.      I7,s,v 

Stem  somewhat  pubescent  and  rough, 
rarely  glabrate,  branched,  2°-5^  high.  Leaves 
thin,  rough  on  both  sides,  bright  green,  the 
basal  and  lower  ones  petioled,  some  or  all 
of  them  .vlobed  or  .^parted,  the  lobes  laticeo- 
late  or  oblong,  acnniinate,  sharply  serrate; 
upper  leaves  ovate,  ovate-lanceolate,  or  lance- 
olate, acuminate  or  acute,  narrowed  to  a  ses- 
sile base  or  into  short  margined  petioles, 
serrate  or  entire,  2 '-4'  long,  .'a'-i'  wide; 
heads  nearly  2'  broad,  corytnbed;  bracts  of 
the  invtdncre  linear,  acute;  pubescent,  soon 
reflexed;  rays  .S-12,  yellow,  or  the  base 
orange  or  brownish-purple;  disk  dark  purple, 
ovoid,  about  6"  broad;  chaff  of  the  receptacle 
awn-pointed;  pappus  a  minute  crown. 

In  moist  soil,  New  Jersey  to  (leorgia,  west  to 
Michigiin,  Missouti  and  Louisiana.  Sometimes 
escapeil  fiom  gardens  to  roadsides.  Called  ;dso 
lirown-eyed  Susan.     June-Oct. 


Thin-leaved  Cone-flower. 


(Fig.  3883.) 


2.  Rudbeckia  subtomentosa  Pursli.    Sweet 

Cone-flower.  (Fig.  3884.) 
Riiilbfi  Icia  sublontfiilosa  Pursh,  Fl.  .\m.  Sept.  575.  1814. 
Densely  and  finely  cinereous-pubescent  and  scab- 
rous; stem  branched  above,  2°-6°  high.  Leaves 
thick,  sotiic  or  all  the  lower  ones  deeply  .v'obed  or 
3-parted,  petioled,  3'-5'  long,  the  lobes  oblong  or 
lanceolate,  acute  or  acuminate,  dentate;  upper  leaves, 
or  some  of  them,  lanceolate  or  ovate,  acuminate, 
.sessile  or  nearly  so;  heads  numerous,  2'-;,'  broad; 
rays  15  20,  yellow,  or  with  a  darker  base;  disc  sul)- 
globosc,  rounded,  purple,  6"-.S"  broad;  bracts  of  the 
involucre  linear-lanceolate,  acuminate,  sriuarrose, 
sweet-scented;  chaff  of  the  receptacle  linear,  obtuse 
or  obtusish,  pubescent,  or  somewhat  glandular  at  the 
apex;  pappus  a  short  crenate  crown. 

On  prairies  and  along  rivers,  Illinois  to  Louisi;ina,  Mis- 
souri and  Texas.     July  Sept. 


_ 


4i6 


COMPOSITAK. 


[Vor,.  III. 


3.  Rudbeckia  hirta  h.    Black  Ivyed  Susan. 

Yellow  Daisy.     (Fig.  3885.) 
Kiidheckia  liiria  I,.  Sp.  PI.  907.      17,1,^. 

Hirsute  or  hispid  throughout,  biennial  or  some- 
times annual;  stems  simple  or  sparingly  branched, 
often  tufted,  1°-;,°  high.  Leaves  thick,  sparingly 
serrate  with  low  teeth,  or  entire,  lanceolate  or  ob- 
long, the  lower  and  basal  ones  petioled,  mostly  ob- 
tuse, ,;-5-nervcd,  i.'-;'  long,  >^'-2'  wide,  the  upper 
sessile,  narrower,  acute  or  acutish;  heads  common- 
ly few  or  soli'ary,  2'-.)'  broad;  rays  10-20,  orange, 
rarely  darker  at  the  base;  bracts  of  the  involu- 
cre very  hirsute,  spreading  or  rcflexed,  much  shorter 
than  the  rays;  disk  globose-ovoid,  purple-brown; 
chalTof  the  receptacle  linear,  acute  or  acutish,  hir- 
sute ai  the  apex;  style-tips  acute;  jiappus  none. 

In  liiUls,  (Jiiebfc  to  wistern  Ontario  and  the  North- 
west Tirritory,  south  to  I'lorida,  Colorado  and  Texas, 
Nativf  only  on  tht  westirn  prairies.  Widely  disliibu- 
ted  in  tlie  east  as  a  weed.  Calkd  also  NiifKir  head. 
Golden  Jerusaleni,  Ox  eye  Daisy.     May-Sept. 


4.   Rudbeckia  Brittonii  Small.     l?rit- 
toii'.s  Cone- flower.      (Fig.  38S6.  > 

Rudbeckia   ISi  illonii  .Small,  Mem.  Torr.   Club, 

4:  i,vi.      1S94. 

Stem  stout,  hispid, erect, I, '4 °-2j2°  high,  sim- 
ple, grooved,  leafy,  at  least  below.  Leaves  ser- 
rate orcrenate-serrate,  strigose-pnbescent,  the 
basal  ones  ovate  to  ovate-lanceolate,  .,'-4' long, 
obtuse,  long-petioled;  stem  leaves  obovate  to 
oval,  often  with  a  lateral  lobe,  the  petioles 
wing-margined;  uppermost  leaves  often  ovate- 
lanceolate,  sessile,  cordate;  bracts  of  the  invo- 
lucre foliaceous,  often  i'  long  or  more;  head 
I'-y  broad;  rays  about  12,  2-lobcd;  outer 
chalT  oblanceolate,  the  inr.ir  linear,  acute, 
purple-tipped,  fringed  with  jointed  hairs; 
style-tips  slender,  acute. 

In  woods,  mountains  of  Pennsylvania  lo  Vir 
ginia  and  Tennessee.     May-July. 


5.    Rudbeckia  fiilgida  Ait.     Orange  Cone- 
flower.     (Fig.  3S87.) 

Rudbeikia/iilqida  .\\\.  Hort.  Kew.  3:  ^51.      I7~^^). 

Perennial;    --lem    hirsute,    or   strigosc-pubescent, 

slender,  sparin>,iy  branched  or  simple,  i°-3'^  bigh. 

Leaves  firm,  entire,  or  sparingly  serrate  with  distant 

teeth,  more  or  less  hirsute  or  pubescent  on  both 

sides,  the  basal  and  lower  ones  oblong  or  spatulate, 

obtuse,  2'-4'  long,  ,vuerved,  narrowed  into  margined 

petioles,  the  upper  lanceolate  or  oblong-lanceolate, 

sessile,  or  slightly  clasping  at  the  base;  heads  few, 

i'-i'/i'  broad;  bracts  of  the  involucre  oblong  or 

lanceolate,  .i"-S"  long;  rays  10-15,  linear,  bright 

yellow,  or  with  an  orange  base;  disk  globose  or 

globose-ovoid,  brown-purple,  s"-?"  broad;  chaff  of 

the  receptacle  linear-oblong,  obtuse,  glabrous,  or 

nearly  so  at  the  summit;  pappus  a  minute  crown. 

In  dry  soil.  New  Jersey  and  Pennsylvania  to  Georgia, 
west  to  Missouri  and  Texas.      Aug.-Oct. 


Gknus6o.] 


THISTLE   FAMILY 


fi 


^ 


6.    Rudbeckia  spathuliLta  Michx. 

vSpatulate-leaved,  or  Flat-headed 

Cone-flower.     (Fig.  3888.) 

jRudheikia  spalliulala  Miclix.  Fl.  Ii(ir.  Am.  2:  144.    iSo;,. 

reremiial;  stem  slender,  simple,  or  little  branched, 

finely  str'ijose-pubescent,   i°-,5'^  I'igli.     Leaves  ap- 

prcssinl-yubesccnt  on  both  sides,  obovate,  oval,  or 

spatnlate,  the  lower  2'-.\'  long,  I'-iyi'  wide,  or  the 

basal  ones  sometimes  nearly  orbicular,  obtuse  or  ob- 

tusish, denticulate,  narrowed  into  margined  petioles; 

upper  leaves  smaller,  sessile,  mo  lly  entire,  oblong 

and    acute;    heads  few,  or  solitary,   l'-i]i'  broad; 

bracts  of  the  involucre   short,  at  length   rellexed; 

disk  depressed-globose  or  ovoid,  about  5"   broad; 

rays  8-12,   oblong,  yellow,   mostly  orange   at  the 

base;    chalT  of    the    receptacle   olitnse;    style-tijis 

obtuse;  pappus  a  short-toothed  crown. 

In  dry  woods,  Cluster  Co..  Pcnn.,  to  TcnncssLi'  and 
Morida.      .\ng.-Scpl. 


7.    Rudbeckia  speciosa  Weiiderotli. 
Showy  Coiie-flower,      (Fig.  3889.) 

Riiilhnkia  osfii'ia  I'lMs.  Syn.  2:  477.       1807, 1" 
Kudhi'ikia  sfircioui   Wiiulcr.   I  nil.  Sein.  Hon.   M;irb, 
182S. 

Perennial,  more  or  less  hirsute  or  histiid:  stem 
branched  above,  1-4^  high.  Leaves  linn,  slender- 
petioled,  2'-s'  long,  I '-2'  wide,  dentate  with  low 
teetli,  acute  or  sometimes  acuminate,  3-5-nerved; 
stem  leaves  .sessile  or  partly  clasping,  or  narrowed 
into  broad  margined  petioles,  laciniale  or  sharply 
^  /— ^  serrate,  lanceolate,  acuminate,  often  6'  long,  the 
uppermost  smaller  and  .sometimes  entire;  heads 
.several,  2'-y  broad;  bracts  of  the  involucre  linear- 
lanceolate,  acute;  rays  12-20,  I'-i/i'  long,  bright 
yellow,  usually  orange  at  the  base;  disk  depressed- 
globose,  .s''-^"  broad,  brown-purple;  chaff  of  the 
receptacle  obtusish  or  acute,  ciliate  or  naked;  pap- 
pus a  sliort  crown. 

In  moist  soil.  New  Jersey  to  Michigan,  south  to  .Ala- 
bama and  .\rkansas.      .\iiB.-()ct. 


8.    Rudbeckia  laciniata  L.     Tall,  or 
Green-headed  Cone-flower.     (F'ig.  3S90. ) 

fliiiiherkid  laciniata  L.  Sp.  I'l.  906.      1753. 

Perennial;  stem  much  branched,  glabrous,  or 
nearly  so,  ,s°-i2°  high.  Leaves  rather  thin,  mi- 
nutely pubescent  on  the  margins  and  upper  surface, 
broad,  the  basal  and  lower  ones  long-petioled,  often 
1°  wide,  piunately  3-7-divided,  the  segments  vari- 
ously tootlied  and  lobed;  stem  leaves  shorter-peti- 
oled,  ,^-5-parted  or  divided,  the  uppermost  much 
smaller,  vlo'jed,  dentate  or  entire;  heads  several  or 
numerous,  2'.'-  1'  broad;  rays  6-10,  bright  yellow, 
drooping;  bracts  of  the  involucre  unecjual;  chalT  of 
the  receptacle  truncate  and  canescent  at  the  a]iex; 
<lisk  greenish-yellow,  at  length  oblong  and  twice  as 
long  as  thick  or  longer;  pappus  a  short  crown. 

In  moist  thickets,  (Jucbcc  to  Manitoba  and  Montana, 
south  to  I'lorida  and  New  Mctico,  Called  also  Thim- 
ble weed.      July-Sept. 

a? 


4iS 


COMrOSITAE. 


[Vol..  III. 


Clasping-leaved  Cone-flower. 


Rudbeckia  laciniata  hiimilis  A.  (iiay,  Syii.  l'"l.  i:  I'.irt  j,  ?6?.      iS8|. 
SinipU'  or  liraiicluil,  Kliihrcnis  or  nearly  so,  i    -3    Iiit!''.  ^nine  or  all  nf  the  basal  Icavrs  Drljiinilar 
and  uiulivideil;  heads  i  '.■     :?'   '  bniad;  disk  uhibose  or  ovoid.     Virginia  and  North  Carolina  toTen- 
nessee  and  GeorKia,  nio:»tly  in  tin-  nionntains. 

9.    Rudbeckia  amplexicaulis  Vahl. 

(  !•' ij,'.  389 '  • ) 

Riidl'fiKia  aiii/i/iwii'iiilis  Vahl.  .Xcl.   llavn.  2:  29.  /'/. 

.\ninjal;  glabrous  throughout,  somewhat  glaucous; 
stem  branched,  grooved,  i'^-2~  high,  the  branches 
ascen<Hiig.  Leaves  entire,  or  sparingly  toothed,  i- 
ribbed,  reticulate- veined,  the  lower  oblong  to  si)alu- 
late,  sessile,  the  upper  ovate,  ovate-oblong,  or  lance- 
olate, acute,  cordate-clasping;  heads  solitary  at  the 
ends  t)f  the  branches,  long-peduncled,  about  2' 
broad;  bracts  of  the  involucre  few,  lanceolate,  acu- 
minate; rays  yellow,  or  sometimes  brown  at  the 
base;  disk  ovoid-oblong,  often  becoming  i'  high; 
achenes  not  angled,  striate  and  transversely  wrin- 
kled, obliquely  attached  to  the  elongated  receptacle; 
chaff  at  length  deciduous;  pappus  none. 

In  wet  soil.  Missouri  to  Louisiana  and  Texas.  Jniie- 
AuK. 

61.    RATIBIDA  Raf.  Am.  Month.  Mag.  2:  26S.       1818. 
[Lki'.vciivs  Raf.  Jourii.  I'hys.  89:  100.      1819.] 

Mostly  perennial  herbs,  with  alternate  pinnatcly  divided  or  parted  leaves,  and  long-pedun- 
cled terminal  heads  of  tubular  and  railiate  flowers,  the  disk-flowers  gray  or  yellow,  becoming 
brown,  the  rays  yellow,  or  with  brown  bases,  drooping  or  spreading.  Involucral  bracts  m 
2  or  3  series.  Disk  globose,  oblong  or  cylindric.  Receptacle  colnninar  to  subulate,  the  con- 
cave chaff  subtending  or  enveloping  the  disk-flowers,  truncate,  the  tips  inflexed,  canescent. 
Ray-flowers  neutral.  Itisk-flowers  perfect,  fertile,  their  corollas  with  .scarcely  any  tube. 
.•\chenes  short,  flattened,  sharp-margined,  or  winged,  at  length  deciduous  with  tlie  chatT. 
I'appus  with  I  or  2  teetli,  or  none.     [Name  unexplained.] 

.\hout  4  species,  natives  of  North  .-Vnierica. 
Style-tips  lanceolate  siihiilale;  leaf  seKMients  l.inceolate;  rays  i'- ;,'  long, 
.Style  tips  short,  blunt;  leaf-segments  line.ir;  rays  ("15"  long. 

Disk  eylindiic.  at  length  1    long  orinore;  rays  mostly  as  long,  or  longer. 

Disk  globose  to  short  oblong,  about  '_•'  high;  rays  mostly  short. 


I.   A'.  />iiiii<i/ii. 


.(• 


A". 
A'. 


n)/iiiiiiitiiis. 


Ratibida  pinnata  i  Vent.  )  Uarnhart.     Crray-headed  Cone-flower. 

(Fig.  3892.) 

A'ni//)i\iiii  fiiiiiitilii  \'ent.  llort.  Cels,  />/.  7/.      1800. 
I.eficiihyi  piinmln  T.  iS;  C.  1"1.  N.  \.  2:  1,1  \.       1,842. 
h'tilihidii  piumila  Uarnhart.   Hull.  Torr.  Club,  24; 
410.     :s,,7, 

I'erennial;  rough  aiul  strigo.se-pubescent 
throughout;  stetii  branched  or  simple,  ^'^-5'^ 
high.  Leaves  pinnately  ,",-7-divided,  the  basal 
ones  sometimes  10'  long,  pelioled,  the  segments 
lanceolate-dentate,  cleft  or  entire,  acute  or 
acuminate;  u]iper  leaves  sessile  or  nearly  so,  t';e 
uppermost  commonly  small  and  entire;  bracts  of 
the  involucre  linear  or  linear-oblong,  short,  re- 
flexed;  rays4-in,  bright  yellow,  i'-.;'  long,  3"- 
g"  w  ide,<lroo|)ing;  style-tips  lance-subulate;  disk 
oblong,  gray  or  becoming  brown,  rounded,  at 
length  twice  as  long  as  thick;  chalT  of  the  re- 
ceptacle canescent  at  the  summit;  achenes  com- 
pressed, acutely  margined,  the  inner  margin 
produced  into  a  short  tooth. 

( In  dry  prairies.  Western  New  York  to  Florida, 
west  to  Miiniesota,  Nebraska  and  Louisiana,  June  - 
.Sept. 


'OI..  III. 


[irbiculiii 
a  to  Tell- 


er. 


ing-peilun- 
,  l)econiin.i; 
I  bracts  \n 
e,  the  coii- 
canesceiit. 
any  tube, 
the  chalT. 


<iiiiutla. 
ilti  III  11(1  ri\ 

wer. 


.1 1 


lS.12. 
Club,   24 


pubescent 

pie,   3= -5" 

the  basal 

e  sef;nients 

acute    or 

irly  so,  t';e 

e;  briicts  ol 

hort,  re- 

'  long,  3"- 
bulate;(iisk 

ouiidcil,  at 
of  the  re- 
henes  com- 
ner  margin 

to  I'loriihi, 
ana.     June- 


(iKMS  61.] 
2 


THISTLE   FAMILY. 


419 


I.,on^-lica(le<l  or  Prairie 


Ratibida  columnaris  (Sims)  D.  Don, 
Cone-flower.     (  Fig.  3S93. ) 

A'lidhniiii  (:>/ii iimni  is   .Sinw,    Hot.    Mag.    />/.    jfw/. 

A\i/i7)n/(i  co/iiiiniiii  /'•:  1).  Dull;   Swi  tt.  llril,  l-'l.  ('i.ird. 

2:  y.i.       i,s;^. 
/,f/>Lii/iyi  (ii/iimifir/s  'V.  Si  ''•    VI   N.  .V.  2:   ;i  ;.      i^l-'. 
I.epachyi  ciiluiiiiiiiii!,  var.  (miihi  1 1  una  ']'.  iS:  I',.  Idc.      v 

cit.       iS.12.  X._ 

I'erennial,    stri,n(Ke-])iil>e.scciit    ami    Hcabmus; 

stem    slemlcr,    usually  branclieil,    i   -2',.'^   hij^b. 

I,eaves  thick,  pinnately  divided   into   lineai    or 

line.ar-olilong,  acute  or  olituse,  entire  dentate  or 

cleft  segments,  the  cauline  short-pelioled  or  ses- 

••■ile,  2'-.j'  lon.t;,  the  liasal  ones  sometimes  oblonj^, 

obtuse  and  umlivideil,  s'ender  petioled;  bracts  of 

the  involucre  short,  linear  lanceolate  or  subulate, 

reflexed;  rays  4-I11,  yellow,  brown  at  the  base,  or 

brown    all   over,    4"-i5"   lonji,    droopinj;;    disk 

>;ray,    eloni^ated-conic    or    cylindric,    obtuse,    at 

length  3  or  .}  times  as  long  as  thick;  chaff  of  the 

receptacle  canescent  at  the  apex;  achenes  scar- 

ious-margined  or  narrowly  winged  on  the  inner 

side;  pappus  of  i  or  2  subulate  teeth  usually  with 

.several  short  intermediate  scales. 

On  dry  prairies,  Norlli west  Territory  to  Miiiiie-ota.  .Vclir.iska,  Tlx.w  and  .Vrizona. 
nesscf.     >Iay  .\iig. 


.Vise  in  Ten- 


3.    Ratibida  Tagetes  I'Jamc.s) 

liarnhart.     Sliort-rayed  Cone-flower. 

( Fig.  3894. ) 


ill   LonK's    I'"x]).   2:   6S. 
K.  Kc]),   4:    103. 


Kiiilhickia    T(ic;fles    lam 

iSa-;. 
LefHichyi   Tagetcf.  \.  Cray.  Tac  !• 

is.Vj. 
Ralihidii    Tiii;f/es  I'.arnliart.    Hull.    I'orr.  Club.   34: 

lo^i.       IS')7. 

Perennial,  rough-canescent;  stem  i°-iJ4'' 
high,  usually  much  branched,  leafy.  Leaves 
firm,  pinnately  divided  into  3-7  narrowly  linear, 
mostly  entire  segments;  peduncles  terminal,  li'- 
1'  long;  heads  i'  broad,  or  less;  bracts  of  the 
receptacle  narrow,  delle.xed;  rays  few,  mostly 
shorter  than  the  globose  to  short-oval  disk;  style- 
tips  obtuse;  achenes  scarious-inargined;  pappus 
of  I  or  2  subulate  deciduous  teeth,  with  no  short 
intermediate  teeth. 

On  dry  iiliiii--  and  rocky  hills,  Kansas  to  Texas, 
Chihuahua,  New  Mexico  and  .\rizona.      July-Sept. 

62.    BRAUNERIA  Neck.  I'.Ieiii.  i:  17.       1790. 
[Mc  iii.NACi.  \   Moench,  .Metli.  ,siii.       171H.] 

rerennial  erect  branched  or  simple  herbs,  with  thick  black  mots,  thick  rinigh  alternate  or 
opposite  ,^-5-nerved  entire  or  dentate  undivided  leaves,  and  large  lon.g-peduncled  hea<Isof  tu- 
bular and  radiate  flowers,  the  rays  purple,  purplish  or  crimscm,  the  disk  green  or  purple,  .it 
length  ovoid  or  conic.  Involucre  depressed-hemispheric,  its  bracts  lanceolate,  spreading  or 
appressed,  imbricated  in  2  4  series.  Receptacle  conic,  chalTy,  the  chaff  carinate  ami  cuspi- 
date. Ray-flowers  neutral,  or  with  a  rudimentary  pistil.  I  lisk-llowers  perfect,  the  corolla 
cylindric,  5-toothed.  Achenes  4-sided,  obpyramidal,  thick.  P.ippus  a  short  ilentate  crown. 
[Named  for  Jacob  Brauncr,  a  German  botanist  of  the  iSth  century.] 

Two  known  species,  u.atives  of  eastern  and  central  North  .\iiitrica. 
Leaves  ovate  or  ovate  lanceolate,  mostly  dentate.  1.  IS.  purpuiea. 

Leaves  lanceolate  or  oblonK-Iaiiceolate,  entire.  2.  It.  pallida. 


420 


COMl'OSITAR. 


[Vol..  III. 


I.    Brauneria  purpurea  (L.)  Britton. 

Purple  Cone-ilower.     Hlack  Samp.soii. 

(Fig-  3895-) 

A'ii<//>iriia  />iir/'i(ir,i  I,.  Sp.  I'l.  (yi-.      175,?. 
/u/iiii(iiY(i  piiiftiiica  MdcikIi,   Melli,  .sgi.      !79(. 
lUaiineiia  piiifyitiea   liritloii,  Miiii.  Torr.  Clul), 

5:  ,ui-     It*';!. 

Jitein  gliibroiis,  or  sparingly  hi.spid,  lusiially 
stout,  2°-5^  '"k'''  Lower  an'l  l>a.sal  leaves 
slender-pctioled,  ovate,  mostly  5-iiervcd,  acute 
or  acuiniuate  at  tlieapex,  abruptly  narrowed  or 
rarely  cordate  at  the  lia.se,  commonly  sharply 
dentate,  3'-^'  long,  i'-,i'  wide;  petioles  mostly 
winged  at  the  summit;  ujipennost  leaves  lan- 
ceolate or  ovate-lanceolate,  3-nerved,  sessile  or 
nearly  so,  often  entire;  rays  12-20,  purple, 
crimson,  or  rarely  pale,  1/2'  -;/  long,  spreading 
or  drooping. 

In  moist,  rich  soil,  Virginia  lo  .Vliiliania.  west  to 
Illinois,  Kentucky  and  Louisiana.  Called  also 
Ri  il  Sunllower,      July  Oct, 


2.    Brauneria  pallida  (Nutt.) 

Britton.     Pale  Purple  Coue-llower. 

(Fig.  3896.) 

/fudheckiii  palliila  Null.  Jnurn,  .Vcad.  I'liila.  7: 

77-      '8,?4. 
/echinacea  ani;iiilifoliit  UC,  I'rudr,  5:  ,^=;4.     i>36. 
Ilrauiiei  in  pallitia  liriltou,  Mem.  Tiirr.  Cluh.  5: 

Stem  hispid,  slender,  often  simple,  l°-3^ 
high.  Leaves  lanceolate,  ohlongdanceolate, 
or  linear-lanceolate,  acute  and  about  e<|ually 
narrowed  at  each  end,  strongly  .^-nerved  and 
sometimes  with  an  additional  pair  of  marginal 
less di.stinrt  nerves,  entire,  .'^'-S'  long,  4"-!  2" 
wide,  the  lower  and  basal  ones  slender- 
petioled,  the  upper  short-pctioled  or  sessile; 
heads  and  flowers  similar  to  those  of  the  pre- 
ceding species,  but  the  rays  usually  shorter 
and  narrower,  often  pale. 

In  dry  soil,  espcci.iUy  on  prairies,  Illinois  Id 
.\labania.  west  lo  Minnesota,  the  Northwest  Ter- 
ritory, Nebraska  and  Texas.    July-Oct. 


63.    BORRICHIA  Adans.  Fam.  PI.  2:  130.       1763. 

I'leshy,  more  or  less  cane.scent,  branching  shrubs  of  the  sea-coast,  with  opposite  entire  or 
denticulate,  cuneate  oblong  spatulate  or  obovate,  i-.^-nerved  leaves,  and  terminal  large  long- 
peduncled  heads  of  both  tubularatid  radiate  yellow  flowers.  Involucre  hemispheric,  its  bracts 
slightly  une(|ual,  imbricated  in  2  or  3  series,  the  inner  ones  coriaceous.  Receptacle  convex, 
chaffy,  the  chalT  rigid,  concave,  subteuiling  or  enwrapping  the  disk-flowers.  Ray-flowers  pis- 
tillate, fertile.  Disk-flowers  perfect,  the  corolla  tubular,  5-tc)othed,  the  style-branches 
elongated,  hispid.  Anthers  dark-colored,  entire  at  the  base,  or  minutely  sagittate.  Achenes 
of  the  ray- flowers  3-sided,  those  of  the  disk-flowers  4-sided.  I'appus  a  short  dentate  crown. 
[Named  for  Olaf  liorrick,  a  Danish  botanist.] 

.\bout  5  species,  natives  of  .\mcrica.  In  addition  to  the  followiiiK.  another  occurs  in  South 
Florida, 


Gl'.Nrs  6.v] 


TIIISTM-;   FAMILY. 


Sea 


1.   Borrichia  frutescens  (L.)  DC. 
Ox-eye.     (.Fig.  3S97.) 

Iliif>lil/i<iliiliiin  /riilr\.,-in  I,.  Sp.  I'l.  cmv       l7S,v 
lli>>i  icliia  /nilesii'iis  DC-  Triidr.  5:  4SS.      iS^). 

I'itiely  cnncsceiit,  even  wheTi  old;  steni'i  terete,  spar- 
ingly branclied,  l"-.t^  liiK'i-  Leaves  mostly  erect  or 
asceiidiiijj;,  spatiilate  or  o1)(>vate,  obtuse  or  acutisli  and 
iinieronulate  at  tlie  apex,  fleshy,  taperinj^  to  the  sessile 
base,  somewhat  connate,  1'-;/  lon^,  2"-'"  wide; 
heads  solitary  or  few,  about  i'  broad;  rays  i,s-2,S, 
rather  short;  exterior  bracts  of  the  involucre  ovate 
and  somewhat  spreading,  the  inner  ones  and  tlie  chaff 
of  the  receptacle  cuspidate. 

.Seacoast,  VirKinia  to  IMorida  and  Ttx.is.  Also  nn  the 
coasts  of  Mexico  and  the  West  Indies.      April  1  kt. 


64.  HELIANTHUS  L.  Sp.  PI.  904.  175;;. 
Ivrect,  annual  or  perennial,  mostly  branched  he-bs,  with  opposite  or  alternate,  simple 
leaves,  and  large  peduncled  corymbose  or  solitary  heads  of  I)oth  tubular  and  radiate  flowers, 
the  rays  yellow,  tlie  disk  yellow,  brown,  or  purple.  Involucre  hemispheric,  or  depressed,  its 
bracts  imbricated  in  several  series.  Receptacle  flat,  convex  or  conic,  chalTy,  the  chatT  sub- 
tending the  disk-flowers.  Ray-flowers  neutral  (in  our  species  1,  the  rays  spreading,  mostly 
entire.  Disk-flowers  perfect,  fertile,  the  corolla  tubular,  the  tube  short,  the  limb  5-lobed. 
Anthers  entire,  or  minutely  jtoothed  at  the  base.  Style-branches  tipped  with  hirsute  ap- 
pendages. Achenes  thick,  oblong  or  obovate,  compressed,  or  somewhat  4-angled.  I'appus 
of  2  scales  or  awns,  or  sometimes  with  2-.;  adilitional  shorter  ones,  deciduous.  [Greek,  sun- 
flower.] 

About  60  species,  natives  of  the  N'lw  World.     lit  sides  llie  following,  about  iS  iilhers  occur  in 
the  soiUliern  and  western  i)arts  of  North  .\incrica. 

.;■;.    Disk  purple,  purplish  or  brown:  receptacle  flat  or  convex. 

1.  Leaves  mostly  alternate,  tlie  lower  opposite. 
Leaves  narrow,  linear  or  laiiceolali  ;  perennials. 

Stem  rougli;  leaves  linear  or  linear  lanceolate:  eastern. 
Stem  tflabrous;  leaves  elongated-linear;  western. 
Leaves  hroad,  ovate;  annuals. 

Leaves  dentate;  bracts  ov.ite,  acuminate,  ciliate,  liisi)id. 
Leaves  entire  or  nearly  so;  bracts  laiicecdate,  caiiescent. 

2.  Leaves  mostly  opposite,  llie  upper  alternate. 
Leaves  hispid,  abruptly  contracted  into  winged  petioles. 
Leaves  gradually  narrowed  into  petioles. 

•X-   •:-;■    Disk  yellow^or  yellowish;  receptacle  convex  or  conic. 
t  Leaves  >ieai/j  all  Inrui/  o>  iirai  ihe'lhase:  upf>i>-  biacl  lUi 


1.  //.  (iii!;iis/i/ii/iiis. 

2.  II.  oigyalis. 

},.  If.  a  mill  IIS. 
.\.  II.  />e/i(i/an's. 

,■;.  //.  ali\ii  iihnn. 
6.  //.  sia/iem'mus. 


If.  oicidnilalh. 


I 


t  Sliins  leiif'y;    leii-.es  allernale  or  ofiposilr. 
Leaves  prevailingly  lanceolate  and  5-8  times  as  long  as  wide. 


a.   Leives  glabrous  on  both  sides;   heads  I'-Ui'  broad 

b.  Leaves  scabrous,  at  least  on  the  upper  surface 
Heads  '  ^'-l '.' broad;  leaves  thin;  stem  gl.ibrous. 
Heads  I  !j'~,(I-'  broad;  leaves  t'lrni.  many  of  them  often  alternate. 
Stem  scabrous,  scabrate  or  liispid;  leaves  sessile  or  nearly  so. 
Leaves  lanceolate,  scabrous  above,  hirsute  beneath. 
Leaves  elongateil-lanceolate.  very  scabrous  on  bntli  sides. 
Stem  glabrous;  leaves  sessile  by  a  truncate  base. 
Stem  glabrous,  glaucous;  leaves  petioled. 

2.   Leaves  prevailingly  ovate,  ovate-lanceolate,  or  oblong. 
a.   I.iaves  sessile,  or  very  nearly  s< 
Stem  gl.ibrous;  leaves  divaricate. 
Stem  hirsute  or  hispid    leaves  asci    ding. 
Leaves  cordate-clasping  at  the  base. 
Leaves  narrowed  from  below  the  middle. 

b.  Leaves  manifestly  petioled. 
Stem  pulieruleiit  or  glabrous. 

Leaves  membranous,  slender-petioled,  sharply  seriiite. 
Leaves  firmer,  shorter  petioled.  less  serrate  or  entire. 
Uracts  of  the  involucre  much  longer  than  the  disk. 
Bracts  of  the  involucre  about  e<iualling  the  disk. 
Stem  hirsute,  hispid,  or  scabrous. 

Leaves  rounded  or  truncate  at  the  base,  short  petioled. 
Leaves,  at  lea>it  the  upper,  narrowed  at  the  base 

Uracts  of  the  involucre  ovate-lanceolate,  appressed. 


//.  laei'i,i:atiis. 
If.  microce  filial  IIS. 


II.  i;ii;aiileus. 
If  Afa  I  i  III  ilia  II  I. 
If.  dizai  iealiis.:. 


12.  //.  ifiosse-seiralus. 


i.V  II-  di:ai  iialiis. 


i-t- 


If.  niollis. 

If.  iloioiiicoides. 


10.  //.  itnafielatiis. 


If.  Ii aiheliifdliiis. 

II.   Sll  IIIIIDSIIS. 

ff.  Iiirsiitiis. 


20.  //.  laelifloius. 


422 


Dracls  (if  tlif  iiiviihicru  laiicccil;iti'  aciiminali 
Leaves  villcms.piil>i-sii-nt  lniRatli. 
I.uaves  scal)iciii>  or  pubLrulciil  beiicatli. 


coMro.siTAi:. 

prcadiiisf. 


[Vol..  III. 


21.  //.  /nine  11 /OS IIS, 

22,  /A  /iiherosiis. 


I.    Helianthus  angustifolius  L. 

Narrow-leaved  or  .Swamp  Smillowcr. 
I  l-'ig.  :,8(jS.) 

Iffliiiiilliii  ^  an,S!ii^/i/oliii.\  I,.  S)).  I'l.  ci<j6.       I75.v 

rt'iennial  by  slender  rootstocks;  stems  branched 
alMive,  or  simple,  slender,  rougli  or  rouKhish  above, 
(ii'ltti  liirsute  below,  2'^-'°  lii.u;li-  Leaves  firm,  entire, 
sessile,  linear,  slif'htly  scabrous,  rarely  somewhat  ca- 
nesi.enl  beneath,  2'-~'  lon^,  2"  3"  wide,  the  tiiarj^ins 
re\iihite  \shen  <lry,  the  upper  ones  all  alternate,  the 
lower  opposite;  heads  usually  lew,  sometimes  solitary, 
2'-^'  broad;  involucre  hemispheric,  its  bracts  linear- 
lanceolate,  acute  or  acundnate,  scarcely  s(|uarrose,  pu- 
bescent; rece])tacle  slij^htly  convex;  disk  purple;  chalT 
entire  or  vtoothed;  rays  12  20;  achenes  truncate, 
glabrous;  pappus  usually  of  2  short  awns. 

In  swatniis.  Limir  Island,  N.  Y.  to  I'lorida,  Ki.'ntucky 
ar.il  Texas   mainly  near  the  co.ist.     Auk  -<  let. 


2,    Helianthus  orgyalis  DC.     Linear- 
leaved  vSuiillower.     (Fig.  ,1899.; 

/A  .c 'A' <""'''"«  var.  c;/>/;7».5  Nutt.  ("iiii.  2:  177.     iSiS.' 
J fiiidii/lius  10 myalls  DC.  rrodv.  5:  5S1',.       18,^6. 

Terennial  by  slender  rootstocks;  stems  gla- 
brous, branched  near  the  sununit,  very  lealy  to  the 
top,  6-^-in'  high.  Leaves  sessile,  entire,  linciv  or 
nearly  filiform,  or  the  lowest  lanceolate,  remotely 
dentate  and  short-petioled,  rough  with  niucronate- 
tipped  papillae,  especially  on  the  lower  surface. 
acuminate,  V-i(V  long,  \"-\"  wide,  the  upper  all 
alternate  and  i  nerved,  the  lower  commoidy  ojjpcj- 
site;  heads  numerous,  about  2'  broad,  terminating 
slender  branches;  involucre  nearly  heiidspheric,  its 
bracts  linear-subulate  to  lanceolate,  acundnate, 
s(|uarrose,  ciliate;  disk  purple  or  brown;  recepta:le 
convex,  its  chaff  entire,  or  toothed,  slightly  ciliate; 
rays  10-20;  achenes  oblong-obovate,  glal'rous,  2  'j  "- 
3"  long,  2-4-awned. 

On  dry  plains,  Nebraska  and  Colorado  t(j  Texa-.     CuUiv.iud 


3.    Helianthus  annuus  I„.     Couuiion 
Sunflower.     (Fig.  3900.) 

IlfliiTiilIni i  aninnii  L.  Sp.  I'l.  9o.(.       I7,^v 

.Stem  hispid  or  scabrous,  stout,  branched  above,  3°- 
6'  high,  or  in  cultivated  forms  sometimes  i,s°  high. 
Leaves  all  but  the  lower  alternate,  broadly  ovate,  peti- 
oled,  ,1-nerved,  ilentate  or  denticulate,  acute  at  the 
apex,  rough  on  both  sides,  sometimes  pubescent  bc- 
neatli,  the  lower  cordate  at  the  base,  3'- 12'  long; 
heads  in  tlie  wild  plant  3'-6'  broad;  disk  dark  purple 
or  brown  ;  involucre  depressed,  its  bracts  ovate  or  ob- 
long, usually  long-acunnnate  or  aristate,  hispid  ciliate; 
chaff  of  the  receptacle 3  cleft;  achenes  obovate-oblong, 
appressedpubescent,  or  nearly  gl.abrous. 

On  prairies,  etc.,  Minnesota  to  tlie  Northwe.st  Territory, 
Missouri  .and  Texas.  Mneh  larger  in  cultivation;  an  occa- 
sional escape  in  the  east.  ( >ld  names.  Cold.  Oloden.  Larea- 
beU.  Its  liowers  yield  honey  and  a  yellow  dye  :  if',  leaves 
fodder:  its  seed>,  an  oil  and  fooil;  and  its  stalks  a  textile 
fibre.     July -Sept. 


tll'NUS  64.] 
4. 


THISTLH   FAMILY 
Prairie 


Helianthus  petiolaris  Nutt 
Snnllower.     (Kig.  39or.) 

//.  fifliohtrh  NilU.  Ji)\irn.  Acad.  IMiilii.  2:  ii.s.       l"i.M. 

Annual,  similar  to  the  i)rece(liii),'  species,  but  smaller 
and  with  smaller  heads;  stem  striKose-hispid  or  hir- 
sute, l°-X'  IiikI'-  Leaves  all  hut  the  lowest  alternate, 
petioled,  oblong,  ovate,  or  ovatc-laneeolate,  rough  on 
both  sides,  usually  paler  beneath  than  above,  I'-y 
long,  entire,  or  denticulate,  obtuse  or  acutish  at  the 
apex,  mostly  narrowed  at  the  base;  heails  I'i'-j' 
broad;  disk  brown;  invohuTe  depressed-heiiiispheric, 
its  bracts  lanceolate  or  oblong-lanceolate,  densely 
canescent,  not  hispid-ciliate,  acute  or  short-acuminate; 
acheues  villous  pubescent,  at  least  when  young. 

On  dry  prairies,  MituKsola  to  the  Nortliwcst  Territory, 
and  OreHoii,  so\itli  to  Missnuti,  Tcxas.iud  Arizona 
rarely  in  waste  places  farther  ea-t.     Junu-Seiit. 
Hehanthus  petiolaris  canus  llrittoti.  Sleiii.  Torr.  Chib,  5 


Pound 


,Ut 


IN,(- 


//.  feliohii  is  var.  caiiescem  A.  ("ir.iy.  I'l.  Wri^lil    i:  i'»'.      r-^52.     N'l^t  //  canrsi'iis  Michx.      1S03. 
Leaves  ovate,  wliitecanesceiit  beneath.     Nebraska  to  Te.\as  and  New  Me.xico. 

Helianthus  petiolaris  patens  -  I.einu     KydbivK,  Mem.  Torr.  Club,  5:  ,',34.      1894. 
Jftiianllius  f>ali'iis  \.u\\m.  Ind.  Seiii.  Ilaiubur^!;.      i^js. 

Heads  larfjer,  lotid  peduncled.  the  peduncles  llesliy  Inwaril  the  top:  leaves  larRe,  lonn  petioled. 
Nebraska. 

5,    Helianthus  atrorubens  L.     Hairy  Wood  vSunflower.     Purple-di.sk 

Sunflower.     (Fig.  .•^902.) 
J/fliaiilliiisali(»iiheiii  I,.  Sp.  PI.  'iCi.      ir.s;,. 

I'erennial;  stems  hirsute  below,  often  minutely  pu- 
bescent above,  branched  at  the  summit,  2°-5°  liigli. 
Leaves  hirsute  on  both  sides,  or  canescent  beneath, 
mostly  thin,  ovate  or  ovate-lanceolate,  acutish,  con- 
tracte<l  near  the  base  into  margined  petioles, dentate  or 
crenate-dentate,  4'-io'  long,) '-4'  wide,  the  lower  op- 
posite, the  upper  few,  distant,  small,  mainly  alternate; 
heads  not  nmnerous,  slender-pedunded,  about  2' 
broad;  involucre  hemispheric,  its  bracts  oblong  to  ob- 
ovate,  obtuse,  ciliolate,  appressed;  disk  purple;  recep- 
tacle conve.x,  its  chalT  acute,  entire,  or  ,^-toothed;  rays 
lo-'o;  acheues  oliovate,  truncate,  linely  pubescent, 
about  2"  long;  p?->rius  usually  of  2  lanceolate  awns. 

In  dry  woods,  Vki  :nia  to  IHorid.i,  west  to  Ohio,  Miss- 
ouri. .\rkatisas  and  Louisiana.      Aug.-Uct. 


Helianthus  scaberhmus  i;il. 
Sunflower.     (Fig.  3903.) 


Still 


//.  sfahrriimus  ICU.  Hot.  .S.  C.  it  t".a.  2:  12,;.      isjj. 
//.  rigiiiits  Desf.  Cat.  Ib)rl.  I'.iris,  VA,  ,;.  is|.      1S19. 

I'erennial;  stems  simple  or  little  branched,  hispid 
or  scabrate,  l°-.S''  high.  Leaves  thick,  coriaceous, 
serrate  or  serrulate,  very  scabrous  on  both  sides,  2'- 
7'  long,  'i'-2'  wide,  acute  at  the  apex,  narrowed  at 
the  base,  the  lower  ovate  or  ovate  oblong,  petioled, 
the  upper  lanceolate  or  oblong-lanceolate,  sessile  or 
short  petioled,  all  opposite,  or  the  uppermost  bract- 
like and  alternate;  heads  solitary  or  few,  2'-},'  broad; 
involucre  hemispheric,  its  bracts  ovate,  acute  or  ob- 
tusi.sh,  ciliate;  disk  purple  or  brown;  receptacle  con- 
vex, its  chalT  obtuse;  rays  15-25,  light  yellow;  acheues 
more  or  less  pubescent,  oblong-obovate;  pappus  of  2 
broad  scales  or  of  2-4  stout  awns. 

Prairies,  Minnesota  to  the  Northwest  Territory,  soutli 
to  Illinois,  Georgia,  Texas  and  Colorado.     .\ii(i.-Sepl. 


424 


COMroSlTAK. 


[Vnr..  III. 


8.    Helianthus  laevigatas  T.  iS:  ('.. 

Heliaiilliiiflae-.i^alus  T.  iS:  C.  I'l.  N.  A.  2:  ,v;".      i>4-'- 

Sti-ins  sU'ikUt,  from  a  perennial  root,  simple  nr 
little  branelied,  ylaljroiis,  01  Nomewliat  j^laiu'oiis, 
2°-fv  liifili.  Leaves  nearly  .ill  opposite,  firm, 
glabrous,  lanceolate,  sliort-l)etioIe(l,  or  the  upper 
sessile,  serrulate  or  entire,  pale  beneath,  acumi- 
nate, narrowed  at  the  base,  ;/  6'  long,  J.'-l'j' 
wide,  the  margins  sometimes  roughish;  heads 
few  or  solitary,  I'-i  '.'broad;  involucre  campanu- 
late,  its  bracts  lanceolate  or  ovate -lanceolate,  lirm, 
ciliolate,  the  tips  of  the  outer  ones  spreading; 
rays  =;-ici;  disk  yellow;  chaff  linear;  achenes 
slightly  pubescent  at  the  summit;  pappus  of  2 
lanceolate  or  ovate  awns,  with  or  without  2  inter- 
uiediatc  scales. 


7.    Helianthus  occidentalis  Kiddell. 
Few-leaved  Sutillower.     (Fig.  .v;o4.) 

//.  .hciitnit.ili^  Kidil.  .Suplil.  Cat.  Dhio  IM.  n.       I><.i6. 

rerennial;  stems  appressed-pubescent  or  some- 
times nearly  glabrous,  slender,  mostly  simple,  2''-3° 
high.  Leaves  mainly  basal,  (inn,  ovate  or  oblong- 
lanceolate,  (.bluse  or  obtusish  at  the  apex,  narrowed 
at  the  base,  v.snerved,  serridale  or  entire,  scalirous 
above,  pubescent  beneath,  with  slender  ])elioles  of 
about  their  own  length;  steici  usually  bearing  I  or  2 
pairs  of  small  distant  leaves;  heads  several  or  soli- 
tary, i'j'-2'j'  broad;  involucre  hemispheric,  its 
bracts  lanceolate  or  ovate- lanceolate,  acute  or  acumi- 
nate, generally  ciliate,  .ippressed;  receptacle  convex, 
its  cliaff  acute;  disk  yellow;  rays  i.!-i,s;  achenes 
truncate  ami  pubescent  at  the  summit;  pappus  of  2 
lanceolate-subulate  awns. 

In  dry  soil,  (iliin  to  Miinusota.  south  to  I'lorida  an<l 
Missouri.     .\iiB.   Sept. 


vSiuooth  Sunflower.     (Fig.  390,5.) 


In  dry  soil,  mountains  ( 
lina.     .AuR.   Oct. 


if  \  irtjiniaand  North  Caro- 


9.  Helianthus  microcephalus  T.  &G. 

Small  Wood  Sunflower.     (Fig.  3906.) 

lieliaiilliKs  par:'i/fi>i  IIS  Hernli.;   .Spreng.  Syst.  3: 

61;.       1826.     Not  11. U.K.       1820. 
Hil  in  II  III  IIS  mid  iHifilicliis  T.  S:  (5.  Kl.  N.  A.  2: 

329.        I.S.)2. 

Stems  slender,  glabrou.s,  branched  above,  or 
rarely  simple,  3'^-6^  I'igh.  Leaves  thin  or  thin- 
nish,  petioled,  most  of  them  opposite,  lanceo 
late,  or  the  lower  ovate-lanceolate,  rough  .above, 
canescent  or  puberulent  beneath,  long-acumi 
nate  at  the  apex,  narrowed  <it  the  base,  serru- 
late, or  the  lower  .serrate,  ^'--'  long,  '/i'-iyi' 
wide;  heads  commonly  several  or  numerous, 
borne  on  slender,  sometimes  roughish  pedun- 
cles, 'i'-i '4' wide;  involucre  campanulate,  its 
bracts  lanceolate  or  ovate,  acute  or  acuminate, 
ciliolate,  the  tips  of  the  outer  ones  spreading; 
chalT  of  the  receptacle  oblong,  entire,  or  3- 
toothed;  rays  5-10;  disk  yellow;  achenes  nearly 
glabrous;  pappus  usually  of  2  subulate  awns. 

In  moist  woods  and  along  streams.  Pennsylvania  to  Geotgia,  west  to  Ohio,  Missouri  and  Louisi- 
ana.   July-Sept. 


Ckms  6(.] 


THISTI.lv   I-'AMILY. 


425 


10.    Helianthus  giganteus  h.     Tall  or 
Ciiant  Sinillower.     (I'iK-  3^07. ) 

rereiiiiial  l)y  tlusliy  roots  and  creeping  rootstocks; 
stems  liispid  or  siahrous,  at  least  aliove,  bram-lied 
near  the  sninniit,  or  simple,  ,v'  12'  'ligli.  Leaves 
sessile  or  sliort  petioled,  firm,  lanceolate,  very  rough 
above,  roiigh-pubesient  beneath,  serrate  or  denticu- 
late, acuminate  at  the  apex,  narrowed  at  the  base, 
many  or  all  of  the  upper  ones  alleriiale  but  sometimes 
all  opposite,  2'-6'  long,  'j'-i'  wide;  heads  usually 
several,  mostly  longpedunded,  i.'i'-i'j'  broa<l; 
involucre  hemispheric,  its  bracts  s(iuarrose,  lanceolate- 
subulate,  hirsute  or  ciliate,  connnordy  as  long  as  the 
diameter  of  the  yellowi:ih  disk;  ch.ilTof  the  receptacle 
oblong-linear,  acute;  achenes  oblong,  glabrous;  rays 
10-20;  pappus  of  2  subul.'ite  awns. 

In  swaiiip-i  and  wil  nuadows,  Maine  and  Ontnrio  to 
till  Northwiv-t  TrrrilDry,  soutli  to  I'lorida,  Nebraska  and 
Louisiana.     Stein  cuuununly  i)urple.       Alls;.-  I  )ct. 

Helianthus  giganteus  subtuberosus  (liourKcau  )  hritton. 
th'lidnlhiis  sii/i/ii/iri :i\ii-:  liourjfeau;  A.  Ciray,  Syn.  I'l.  l:  Part  2,  271'). 

I'lesliy  mots  thick  and   edible.       Leaves  more  broadly  lanceolate  and  more 
largely  opposite.     Michigan  and  Mimiesota  to  tlie  Nortliwist  Territory. 


serrate, 


II.    Helianthus  Maximiliani  Schracl. 

Maximilian's  Stinflower.     (Fig.  ;i9o8.) 

Iltliaiillnii    Ml!  I  imi/i'ani    Schrad.    Ind.   Scin.   Ilort. 
(".(.elt.      kS',5. 

rerennial  by  fleshy  roots  and  thickened  root- 
stocks;  stems  stout,  scabrous  or  hispid  below,  2^-12° 
high.  Leaves  sessile  or  short  petioled,  long-lanceo- 
late, folding  in  drying,  alternate  or  the  lower  op- 
posite, very  rough  on  both  sides,  rigid,  acuminate 
or  acute  at  both  ends,  denticulate  or  entire,  .i'-7' 
long,  ,'2''-i'i' wi<le;  heads  few  or  mmierous,  2'-y 
broad  on  stout  densely  rougli-pube.scent  peduncles; 
involucre  hemispheric,  its  bracts  lanceolate,  acumi- 
nate, squarrose,  densely  strigose-pubesceut,  often 
9"  long;  disk  yellowish;  rays  15-30;  chalT  linear, 
acute,  pul)escent  above;  achenes  linear-oblong, 
glabrous  or  nearly  so;  pappus  commonly  of  2 
lanceolate  awns. 

On  dry  prairies,  Minne.  ota  anil  Manitoba  lO  tlie 
NorlhWLSt  Territory,  Nebraska  and  Te.\as.     Aug.-Oct. 


12.  Helianthus  grosse-serratus  Martens. 
Saw-tooth  Sunflower.     (Fig.  ,1909.) 

I filiaiilliHs  ffiossi  terrains  Martens,  Sel.  Seni.   Hort. 

Loveu.      1830. 

Perennial  by  fleshy  roots  and  slender  root- 
stocks;  stems  glabrous,  glaucous,  branched  above, 
6°-io°  high,  the  branches  usually  strigose-pubes- 
cent;  leaves  long-lanceolate,  slender-petioled,  the 
upper  alternate,  the  lower  opposite,  longacnminate, 
narrowed  at  the  base,  sharply  serrate,  or  merely 
denticulate,  the  uppermost  entire,  rough  above, 
densely  pidierulent  or  cane.scent  beneath,  4'-8' 
long,  %'-l'  \\'u\n\  heads  several  or  numerous,  i\i'- 
3'  broad;  involucre  hemispheric,  its  bracts  scpiar- 
rose,  narrowly  lanceolate,  acuminate,  hirsute;  chafT 
"ncar-oblong,  pubescent  at  the  summit,  acute,  of- 
;:n  3- toothed;  disk  yellowish;  rays  10-20,  deep 
yellow;  achenes  nearly  glabrous;  pappus  of  2 
lanceolate  awns. 

On  prairies.  Pennsylvania  to  South  Dakota,  Missouri 
and  Texas.     Reported  from  further  east.     .Vng.-Oct. 


426 


CO.MI'OSITAK. 


[Vol,.  III. 


ii 


HelianthuK  Nuttallii  T.  S:  Ci.,  a  lnw  Kocky  Moiintiiiti  |)l.iiit  willi  sih.iIUt  liriiilM,  jiIiikKt  usually 
sinipU  sti'tn,  ami  i  iitirc  or  sirruliltL'  Iravc-s,  mi  ly  mcur  iti  the  wiitirii  ))^irt  of  mir  ana. 

13.  Helianthus  divaricatus  L.     UoiikIi 
or  Woodland  Suiillower.     (  Fij^.  31^10.  ) 

Jlelidiillnis  iliviii  idiliis  I,   Sj).  I'l.  i;ii(i.       I7s,i 

riTemiiiil  by  slondtT  rootsloiks;  stciii  ^lahrous 
iliniuxliout,  or  pii)>fsi-iMit  at  llic  suttiinit,  sleiulcr, 
3°-;"  lii(,'li.  I.cavos  usually  all  opposite,  divHricati', 
lanoi'olali'  orovate-laiiccolBtf,  t'lriu,  lii'iilatf  ordcn- 
tii'ulatf,  .?  uiTvtvl,  rouuli  aliovo,  jjubpsceiit  l)f- 
lu-atli,  sf.ssilv,  or  nearly  so  by  a  truiu'ate  base, 
tapering;  Kradually  to  the  loiij^-aeutninate  apex,  3'- 
.S'lonj;,  '4'  ','j'  wide:  heads  few  or  solitary,  about 
2'  l)nia<l,  borne  on  stri^ose-pubescent  i)eduni'les; 
involucre  hemispheric,  its  bracts  lanceolate  or 
ovate-lanceolate,  strij;ose  or  hirsute,  the  outer  ones 
sjireadinn;  disk  yellow,  raysS-i,=i;  chalT  of  the  re- 
ceptacle apiculate;  nchenes  jjlabrons;  pappus  of  2 
short  subulate  awns. 

Ill  dry  wiiiMllaiids,  Ontario  to  the  Norlliwest  Terri- 
torv.  '•oiilli  to  I'Mniula,  Nebraska  .iiid  Louisiana.    July 
Sei)t. 

14.    Helianthus  mollis  I,am.     Hairy 
Sunflower.     (Fig.  ,v;ii.) 

Ifiliaiillius  nii'llis  I,am.  ICiicycl.  3:  85.      1789. 

rerennial;  stem  stout,  simple,  or  sparingly 
branched  above,  densely  hirsute  or  hispid,  2°-4° 
high.  Leaves  ovate  or  ovnt'.-lanceolate,  closely 
sessile  and  somewhat  daspiiij^  by  a  broad  cordate 
base,  pinnately  veineil,  ;,-nerveil  above  the  base,  all 
opposite,  or  the  upper  alterniite,  ascendinj,',  acute 
or  acuminate,  scabrous  or  cinereous-pubescent  ■Vy',^^ 
above,  densely  and  finely  pubescent  beneath,  serru- 
late, 2'-5'  long,  i'-2'j'  wide;  heads  solitary  or  few, 
2'-y  broail;  involucre  hemisplieric,  its  bracts 
lanceolate,  acuminate,  densely  villous  canescent, 
somewhat  spreading;  disk  yellow;  lays  15-25;  chalT 
canescent  at  the  summit;  mature  achenes  nearly 
glabrous;  pappus  of  2  lanceolate  scales. 

In  dry  barren  soil.   Ohio  to  (".torKia,  west  to  Iowa, 
Mis.souri  and  Texas.     Aug. -Sept. 


15.    Helianthus  doronicoides  Lain. 
Oblong-leaved  Sunflower.     (Fig.  3912.) 

Ilelianlhtii  Joronkoides  I.am.  Iviicyel.  3:  8).      1789. 

rerennial  by  slender  rootstocks;  steins  .stout, 
rough,  or  finely  rough-pubescent,  branched  above, 
?\°7~°  high.  Leaves  oblong,  ovate-oblong,  or  ovate, 
tliirk,  ascending,  .serrate  or  serrulate,  acute oracumi- 
nate  at  the  apex,  narrowed  at  or  below  the  middle  to 
a  se.ssile  or  slightly  clasping  base,  rough  on  both 
sides, or  finely  pubescent  beneath, somewhat  ^-nerved, 
4'-S'  long,  1 '-2 '.'wide;  heads  commonly  numerous, 
lli'  V  broad;  invcducre  hemispheric,  its  bracts 
lanceolate,  acuminate,  pubescent  or  hirsute,  some- 
what spreading;  disk  yellow;  rays  12-20,  .\"  d" 
wide;  achenes  glabrous;  pappus  of  2  subulate  awns. 

In  dry  soil,  (/liiotu  Michigan,  Missouri  and  Arkansas. 
Aug. -.Sept. 


(".liNlH  (>.|. 


TIIISTI.I',   I'A.MILY, 


427 


16.   Helianthus  decapetalus  I<.     Thiii- 
loaved  '>r  Wild  SiiiiIIdwct.     (  Fig,  3913.) 

Ililiiiitlliii'  ,/<;<i/<r/iiliii  I,   S|).  I'l.  'HIS       I7.s,v 

I'LTLMiiiial  by  lirimi'licil,  soiiieliiiiL's  tliicketii'il 
niotstiuks;  stftii  -.Ifiidir,  ulabrous  or  nearly  so, 
liraiutii'd  ahove,  1"  5' lii^;li;  braiulics  pulifnileiit. 
heaves  iliiii  or  iiii'iiilir.mous.  y  S'  loiin,  1'  ,4'  wide, 
ovati'  or  ovatt'-laiu'i'olali',  tin-  lower  all  oi)|)ositi' 
and  sk'iider-pi'lioleil,  tlie  iijiper  loiniiionly  altiMiiatf, 
all  usually  sharply  si'iratr,  roujjliisli  above,  liiiely 
but  often  si)ariii(i;ly  pubescent  beneatli,  aininiuate, 
the  rounded  or  truncate  base  deiurrent  on  the  peti- 
ole; heads  iiuinertuis,  2'  ;,'  broad;  invi)luere  heini- 
spherie,  its  braets  lineardaneeolate,  acuiniiiate, 
hirsute,  ciliate,  sjireadinj;,  often  lonj^er  tb;"i  the 
yellow  disk;  rays  S  15,  linht  yellow  ;  ehalT  entire  or 
3-toothed.  pnbesi-ent  at  the  apex;  aehenes  j^labrous; 
pappus  of  2  subulate  awns. 

In  iiuiist  Wddds  anil  almiy:  stnains,  Oiu-Ih  e  lo  MIelii 
umi,  siiutli  to '.eurjiia  and  KintuiUy.     Ann.  Sipt. 


17.    Helianthus  tracheliifdlius  Mill. 
Throatwort  Stiuilower.     ( Fig.  39 1 4. ) 

l/,'h'anlliiii  liiuheliifolius  Mill.  Card.  Diet.  VA.  S,  No.  7. 
1 7')8. 

Similar  to  the  following  species,  but  the  stem  usually 
rouj^hish-pubeseent.  Leaves  sliort-petiided,  ovatelau- 
eeolate,  ^-nerved  near  the  base,  ^reeii  both  sides,  but 
darker  above,  j;enerally  rougher  on  thi'  upper  sur- 
face, the  lower  ones  sharply  serrate;  branches  and  pe- 
duncles scabrous;  heads  several,  lYi'  ;v'i' broad;  bracts 
of  the  hemispheric  involucre  linear-lanceolat',  long- 
acuminate,  ciliate  and  puberulent,  longer  than  the  yel- 
low disk,  sometimes  foliaceous,  and  3  limes  its  length 

In  dry  soil,  I'einisylvania  and  Ohio  to  Wisl  "isin. 
Au|{.   ise])t. 


18.    Helianthus  strumosus  I,.     Pale 

leaved  Wood  Sunflower.      (Fig.  3915.) 
Jft'liaiillnis  sliumosiis  I..  Sj).  I'l.  i)o,S-      17,S.V 

I'erennial  by  branched,  .sometimes  tuberous- 
thickened  rootstocks;  stem  glabrous  below,  some- 
times glaucous,  3°  7°  high,  branched  above,  the 
branches  usually  pubescent.  J,eavesshort-petioled, 
ovate  or  ovate-lanceolate,  not  mend)ranous,  rough 
above,  pale  and  somewhat  puberulent  or  cauesceiit 
beneath,  serrate,  serrulate,  or  nearly  entire,  ac\nui- 
nate,  contracted  much  l)elow  the  middle  and  decur- 
rent  on  the  petiole,  3-nerved  above  the  base,  ,^'-!s' 
long,  i'  2 '2'  wide,  mostly  opi>osite,  the  nppei  often 
alternate;  heads  commonly  several,  2'. '-4'  broad; 
involucre  hemispheric,  its  bracts  lanceolate  or  ovate- 
lanceolate,  acuminate,  ciliate,  c(iualling  or  a  little 
longer  than  the  diameter  of  the  yellow  disk;  rays 
5-l.s;  chaff  pubescent;  achenes  nearly  glabrous. 

In  dry  woo<ls  and  on  banks,  sr,iinc  and  Ontario  to  Minnesota,  O  orgia  and  Arkansas.   July-.Sept. 
Helianthus  strumosus  macrophyllus  (Willd.)  liritton.  Mem.  Torr.  Club,  5:  335.      1894, 
Hdiaiilhus  macrof^hvlliis  Willd.  Hurt.  lierol.  />/.  70.      1806. 
lleUaiithus  mollis  Willd.  Sp.  PI.  3:  22(0.      1804.     Not  I,ani.  17S9. 
//.  sIriiiiiosKi  var.  mollis  T.  &  V,.  Kl.  N.  A.  2:  327.      1S42. 

Leaves  linely  and  densely  c.inesccnt  beneatli.     Massachusetts  to  Pennsylvani  i  and  Iowa. 


COMroSITAR. 


LVoi..  III. 


Helianthus  hirsiitus  trachyphyllus  'I'.  \  t', 

I.i'avis  tliic'k,  vitv  rotiKh  mi  Ixitli  siiKs;    luails  laimi; 

iiiviihictal  biMcls  moiv  spuailiiitj.    NcUiaska  to  Arkansas. 

20.    Helianthus  laetiflorus  Pers.     Showy 
vSuulloucr.     {Viii-  ,1917.) 

lliliaullni'^  hielilti'i  us  Pits.  Syii.  2:  .1711.      1S17. 

I'crcnuial;  stt'iii  scabrous  or  liisiiid,  U'aly,  .t°-S'^ 
lii).;li.  IvoavL's  oval-laiicfolate  or  ovaU-  laiu'eolatt", 
sliort-pt'tiolcil,  ^iH'rved,  roiij;li  on  liotli  si<lcs,  nar- 
rowed at  the  base,  lonj^-acuniinalc  at  tlic  a])ex,  serrate 
or  serrulate,  .('-in' long,  'i'-l'i'wiile,  tlie  tijjper  of- 
ten alternate;  heads  usually  several,  i'  -.\'  broad, 
mostly  shortpeihnieled;  braets  of  the  heinispherie 
involucre  ovate-lanceolate,  or  oblony-lanceolate,  im- 
bricated in  only  2  or  3  series,  ciliate,  otherwise  nearly 
glabrous,  appressed  or  l)ut  little  spreadinij,  sliorter 
than  or  e(|nallinj;  the  yellow  disk;  rays  15  2,s,  showy; 
chatT  of  the  receptacle  entire,  or  sometimes  vtoothed. 

On  .Mairies  and  barrens,  I'tnnsylvania  and  Ohio  to 
Minm:..ita.      Auk.  Sept. 


19.    Helianthus  hirsutus   Raf.     vStilT- 
liaired  Sunflower.     ( I'ig.  ,VJif'. ) 

lliliaulhus  liii stilus  Kaf.  \\\\\.  Nat.  1  ).       iSai. 

I'erennial;  stem  densely  hirsute,  usually  branclieil 
alH)VC,  stout,  rigid,  2°  4"  high.  Leaves  ovate-lance- 
olate or  the  upper  lanceolate,  rounded,  truncate  or 
subcordate  at  the  base,  acuminate  at  the  a]ie.\,  tliick, 
very  rough  above,  rough-pubescent  l)eneath,  ,v 
nerveil,  serrate  or  serrulate,  3'  (>'  long,  ■_, '  2'  wiile, 
short-petioled,  or  the  uppermost  sessile,  nearly  all 
ojiposite;  heads  usually  .several,  1'  y :'  broad;  in- 
volucre hemispheric,  its  l)racts  lanceolate,  or  ovate- 
lanceolate,  acuminate,  ciliate,  mostly  i>uberulent, 
erector  but  slightly  spreading,  ec|uallinL;  or  shorter 
than  the  yellow  disk;  rays  12  i,s;  chalT  obtnsish, 
pubescent  at  the  summit;  achenes  oval,  rounded  at 
the  summit, glabrous;  pappus  of  1  or  2  subulate  awns. 

In  iby  soil,  IVniisylvania  and  ()hio  to  Wisconsin, 
south  to  West  X'iininia,  ('.eotnii  and  Texas.     Inly  Oct. 

I'l.  N.  \.  2-   \;i).      iS|?. 


21.    Helianthus  tomentosus  Michx. 
Woolly  vSuiillower.     (l''ig.  39iJ^.) 
IlitiaulUus  lotit.'ulosus   Michx.  I'M.   Itor.  Am.  2:    i.(i. 
iSoi. 

I'ereiniial;  stem  stout,  hirsute  or  hispid,  especi- 
ally above,  branched,  .|^  lo"  high,  Leaves  rather 
thin,  ovate,  or  the  lower  oblong,  mostly  alternate, 
Vribbed  above  the  base,  gradually  or  abrtiptly  con- 
tracted into  margined  petioles,  rough  alxivc,  softl\ 
villous]>ubescent  beni'ath,  sparingly  serrate,  the 
lower  often  1"  long  and  .4'  wide;  heads  commonly 
several  or  numerous,  ,;'- t'  broad;  involucre  hemi- 
spheric, its  bracts  imbricated  in  ni.my  series,  linear- 
lanceolate,  long  acuminate,  s(|uarrose,  densely  hir- 
.sute  and  ciliate,  usually  longer  than  the  broad 
yellowish  disk;  chalT  of  the  recejitacle  and  lobes  of 
the  disk  corollas  pubescent;  pappus  of  2  subulate 
awns. 

In  dry  soil,  Virifinia  todeorKia  and  Alahaiua.     Ke 
ported  f I otn  Illinois.      .\uK.-Oct. 


<'ii;nis  (!.(.] 


THISTI.H   I'AMIIA'. 


429 


iSS.|, 
Xorlliwcst  'IViii 


22.    Helianthus  tuberdsus  L.     Jerusalem 
Artichoke.     I'larth  Apple.     (I-'ig.  3919.) 


I'freiiiiial  l)y  llcsliy  tliii'kined  roolstoi-ks,  boiiriiig 
tubers;  stems  liirsuteor  piilicsrctil,  hraiiilied  above, 
6°-i2°  liijjb.  Leaves  ovate  or  ovale-ol)U>ii}{,  firm, 
.^-nerved  near  the  base,  narrowed,  or  the  h)\ver 
rounded,  truniale  or  subrordate  at  the  l)ase,  afumi- 
nate  at  the  apex,  rather  loiig-petioled,  scabrous 
al)ove,  litiely  pul)es:'enl  beneath,  serrate,  )'  S'  lout;, 
1  ';'  y  wide,  the  upper  aUernate,  the  h)wer opposite; 
heads  several  or  numerous,  2'  ;■,'•'  broad;  involu- 
cre hemispheric,  il^.  bracts  lanceolate,  aiinninate, 
liirsuteor  ciliate,  si|uarrose;  disk  yellow;  rays  1  j  20; 
chalT  ol  the  r.-ceptacle  .icute  and  pubescent  at  tlie 
summit:  acluii.'s  pubescent. 

Ill  luiii-t  soil,  New  liriuiswick  aii<l  (iiitariii  to  the 
Noitliwt^t  Teiiitorv  south  to  l">coij;ia  and  Arkansas. 
( Ifteii  occuis  aliiiin  KKuNides  in  the  east,  a  lelic  of  eul- 
tivalioii  hv  the  aborigines.  Now  extensively  ^rowii 
for  its  edible  luliei-.  Calliil  aKo  Canada  I'litalo,  (lira 
Mite,  To|iiiiaiiilioiir.      .Sept    (let. 

Hcliniitlius  tulierosus  subcaneacens  A.  ('.ray,  Syn.  I'l.  i:  I'arl  j:  jS.). 
I.iiwii;  Uavis  (U'lisi'ly  while  eaiiesceiit  b.'iie.ith.     I'lairies.  .Minnesota  to  the 
toiy,  simtli  to  Missouri. 

65.    VERBESINA  I,.  Sp.  PI.  901.      1753. 
[At  riMiMr.uis  Nntt.  ("Ten.  2:  iSi.       iN|S.  ] 

rerennial  or  iiinual,  pubescent  or  scabrous  herbs  1  some  tropical  specie-j  shrubby  1,  with 
alternate  or  opposite  leaves  often  decurrent  on  the  stem  and  branches,  and  corymbose  or  soli- 
tary heads  of  both  tubular  .ind  radiate  yellow  or  white  flowers,  or  the  rays  sometimes  wantinjj. 
Involucre  campaiiulaleor  he  iiispheric,  its  bracts  imbricated  in  few  series.  Receptacle  convex 
or  conic,  chalTy,  the  ehalT  embracinj;  the  disk-llowers.  Kay-llowers  jiistillate  or  neutral.  1  )isk- 
flowers  perfect,  mostly  fertile,  their  corollas  with  an  expaniled  5-lobed  limb,  usually  longer 
than  the  tube.  Style  branches  of  the  disk-llowers  with  acute  pajiillose  appenda^jes.  .Xeheties 
flattened,  or  those  of  the  ray-flowers  .^  sided,  their  margins  winded,  or  win>;less.  I'appus  of  2 
i,  1-5)  subulate  awns, sometimes  with  2  or  3  intermediate  scales.   (  Name  altered  from  /  'rr/>iihi.  | 

.\  kii^e  neiuis,  variously  lestrietcd  by  authors,  mainly  natives  of  the  New  World,     Hesidcs  the 
foUowiiiK,  about  h  others  occur  in  the  southern  and  soutliwesleni  I'nited  .States. 
Involucre  eanipanulate,  2"-,V'  broad;  heads  small,  luimerons. 

Leaves  alternate;  rays  white.  l.    / ".   I'iii^iiiiia. 

Leaves  iii)p<isite;  rays  yellow.  2.    V.  ociidenlalh. 

liivohiere  heiuisplicrie,  7"    12"  broad;  lieails  few,  large. 

Leaves  ovate,  sessile,  serrate.  t,.    I'.  In'liaiilliKiilfs. 

Leaves  deltoid,  iietioled,  coarsely  dentate.  I     I',  iinelioiilfs. 

Invohiere  of  ,1  few,  at  length  dellexed  hiaets;  disk  Rlobose.  5.    / '.  aUei  ui/olia. 

I.   Verbesina  Virginica  I,.     Small  White 
or  \'irgitiia  Crownbeard.     (  Kig.  3920, ) 

\'nhrsina  l'i>i;iiiiiii  L   Sp.  I'l.iioi.      I7,s.i. 

Perennial;  stem  densely  pnhernlent,  terete  or 
wiiij,'ed,  siin]ile  or  branched,  ,V-<'  '"nh.  Leaves 
usually  thin,  alternate,  o\ate,  rouj^liish  above, 
piibernleut,  canescent  or  ^labiate  hener'.h,  acute  or 
acumiuate  at  the  ajiex,  .|'  lo'  loiiK,  1'  y'  wide,  con- 
tracted at  the  base  into  win),'ed  petioles,  the  upjier- 
A'A  most  sessile,  lanceolate,  smaller,  often  entire;  heads 
''\\\  corymbosc-j)aniculate  at  the  ends  of  tlie  stem  and 
branches,  numerous,  ()"-io"  bro.id;  involucre 
<ibloiij;campanulate,  2"-},"  broad,  its  bracts  nar- 
rowly lanceolate,  erect,  obtuse,  ])ubcsceiit;  rays  ,?-,s, 
obovale,  white,  jiistillale;  achenes  minutely  pubes- 
cent, winded  or  wingless;  ji.'ippus  of  -•  slender  awns, 
or  sometimes  none. 

Ill  dry  soil,  I'ltinsylvania  (aeeonlin^;  to  Micliaiix), 
Viixinia  to  Illinois  and  Missouri,  south  to  I'lorida  and 
'I'exas.     Autf. -.Sept. 


430 


COAirOSITAK. 


[Vor..  III. 


2.    Verbesina  occidentalis  (h.)  Walt.     Small  Yellow  Crownbeard. 

(Fig.  .V)2i.) 

Sirgeslifckia  nitiiini/iilii  I,.  S|).  I'l.  yf»i.      i7.s,v 
I  'rr  hi\uiiti  i>r(ii/iii/ii/i.\  Wall.  1"I.  Car,  2i,v       17SS. 
/ '.  Si>-i;f\/it;/:iti  Miclix.  I'M.  linr.  Am.  2;  T^).       180,?. 

rcrciinial;  stem  glabrous,  or  inilnMiiIent  abovi', 
usually  mui'li  liramlied,  uarrowly  .(-wingeil,  3' 
7°  liinl'i  lilt-"  braiiclii's  also  wiiijjed  ami  puhes- 
I't'Ut.  Leaves  lliiii,  ovate,  or  the  ujiper  ohloug, 
opposite,  uiinutely  rougli  pubeseeiit  ou  bolli 
sides,  or  glabrate,  aeuuiinate  at  the  apex,  iiar 
rowed  oreoiitracted  below  intosleuiler  niarjjiiied 
or  naked  ]H-tioles,  serrate,  ('-lo'  loiiK.  >'-,^'-•' 
wide;  heads  uuiiurous,  h"  12"  broad,  corym- 
bose at  the  ends  of  the  stem  and  branehes;  in- 
voluere  oblonjj-eainjianulate,  1"  },"  broad,  its 
bracts  lanceolate,  oljtuse,  erect,  or  the  tips 
slightly  spreading,  jiubescent;  rays  1-5,  yellow, 
usually  pistillate,  rarely  none;  achenes  wingless; 
pappus  of  2  slender,  at  length  divergent  awns. 

In  dry  thickets  and  dii  liillsidts.  Marvland  and 
southern  IVnnsylvania  to  Illinois,  south  to  I'lorida 
and  «'.eorgia.     Aug. -Oct. 


3.    Verbesina  helianthoides  Michx. 
Sunflower  Crownbeard.     (Fig.  3922.) 

I'tihrsina  hrliaiilhoiiles  Jlichx.  I'l.  Kor.  .\ni.  2:  135. 

1S03. 
Ailiiii'iiici  is  Itcliaiitliohles  Nutt.  den.  2:  181.      1818. 

I'erennial;  stem  hispid  or  hirsute,  4-winged,  u.^>  - 
ally  simple,  2°-X^  '"K*'-  Leaves  ovate  or  oval,  ses- 
sile, acute,  acuminate  or  obtuse  at  the  apex,  nar- 
rowed at  the  base,  serrate  or  serrulate,  rough  or 
appressed-hispid  above,  densely  pubescent  or  ca- 
nescent  beneath,  2'-4'  long,  I'-l  '2'  wide,  all  alter- 
nate, or  the  lower  opposite;  lieails  .solitary  or  few, 
2'-},'  broad;  involucre  heuiispheric,  about  'i'  high. 
itsl)racts  lanceolate,  acutish,  canescent,  appressed; 
raysS-15,  pistillate  or  neutral,  linear  oblong,  yel- 
low; achenes  scabrous  or  pubescent,  broadly 
winged;  pappus  of  2  subulate  awns. 

On  ilry  prairies  and  in  thickets,  Ohio  to  Ciiiirtjia, 
west  to  Iowa,  Missouri  and  Te-xas.     Jinie  July. 


4.    Verbesina  encelioides  (Cav.)  A. 
Gray.     Golden  Crownbeard.     (Fig.  392;,. ) 

Xiiiifiifsia  <-ihf/i,'i\/<\  Cav.  Icon.  2:  60.  />/.  /,-'''.     170;. 
/'.  /■ii,f/i(ii,/rs  A.  Cray,  Syu.  I'M.  I:   Part  2.  2>S.     18s  |. 

.Vinuial;  stem  deu.sely  puberulent,  much  branch- 
ed,! "-2  '  high.  Leavesdeltoidovate  or  deltoid-lan- 
ceolate, thin, 2'-.;'  long,  acuminate,  acute  ot  blunt 
at  the  apex,  coarsely  dentate,  or  even  laciniate, 
green  and  iliinntely  pube.scent  above,  ])ale  and 
densely  canescent  beneath, all  alternate, or  the  low- 
est opposite,  narrowed  at  the  base  into  naked  or 
wing-tnargined  petioles,  which  are  often  proviiled 
\\itli  dilated  appendages  at  the  base;  heads  several 
or  iiumero\is,  1 '-2' broad;  involucre  hemispheric, 
about  I2'  high, its  bracts  lanceolate, canescent;  rays 
12-15,  '""ight  golden  yellow,  ^-toothed;  achenes  of 
the  disk-llowers  obovate,  winged,  pubescent,  their 
•*  pappus  of  2  subulate  nwiis;  those  of  the  ray-llowers 
[Tj  rugose,  thickened,  often  wingless, 

ij^y  In  moist  soil,  Kansas  to  Texas,  .Arizona  and  Mexico. 
Also  in  Florida  and  widely  distributed  in  warm  regions 
as  a  weed.      Summer, 


CiIiNTS  fis.] 


TIIISTLH  FAMILY. 


431 


5.   Verbesina  alternifolia  (h.)  Uritton. 
Actiiionieris.      (Imk-  3924.) 

Coicoft.sis  aUr>iii/'i<liu  I,.  Sp.  IM.  <**).      175,1. 
Adiiimiiiiis  si/iiiii  I  I'Ki  Null.  (".en.  2:  181.      iSiS. 
Adinoiiitifi  <illc)  iii/'oliii  DC.  rrmlr.  5,  575.      1S36. 
I't-r/u'siiKt  ii//i'i  iii/o/ia   liiiUoli;  Kianiry,    Hull.  Torr. 

Cluli,  20:  .1S5,       iSii;. 

Perennial;  stem  pubenilciil  or  j^labrinis,  narrowly 
winged,  or  windless,  simple,  or  branclicd  near  the 
summit,  leafy,  .\°-'.)'  liigli.  Leaves  ohlony-lanceo- 
late  or  laiieeolate,  aenininate,  seriate,  serrulate  or 
entire,  ronj;h  or  rounhij-h  on  both  sides,  j^radually 
narrowed  to  the  sessile  base,  or  the  lower  short- 
petioled,  4'-i.''  long,  '.'-2>^'  wide,  sessile,  short- 
pelioled,  alternate,  or  the  lower  oppo.site  and  slen- 
der-petioled;  heads  numerous,  i'-2'  liroad,  corytii- 
hose-panicnlate;  rays  2-10,  yellow;  involuere  of  few 
lanceolate,  .it  length  deflexcd  bracts;  disk  globose, 
yellow;  achenes  broadly  winged  or  nearly  wingless, 
sparingly  pubescent;  pappus  2  divergent  awns. 

In  rich  soil,  New  ]i  isey  to  wi  stern  New  York,  Iowa. 
Florida  and  I,oiii>iaiia.     Aujc.  Sept. 

66.  COREOPSIS  L.  Sp.  PI.  907.  1753. 
.Annual  or  perclinial,  mostly  erect  herbs,  with  opposite  leaves,  or  the  upper  alternate, 
and  large  Iong-peduncle<I  heads  of  both  tubular  and  radiate  flowers,  the  rays  yellow,  orbrowu 
at  the  base,  or  brown  throughout,  or  pink.  Involucre  usually  lieniisplieric,  its  bracts  in  2 
distinct  series,  all  united  at  the  base,  those  of  the  outer  series  commonly  narrower  and  shorter 
than  the  inner.  Receptacle  flat  or  slightly  conve.x,  chafly,  the  chalT  Hat  or  concave.  Kay- 
ilowcrs  neutral.  Disk  flowers  perfect,  fertile,  their  corollas  with  .slender  tube  and  broader 
5-toothed  lituh.  Anthers  mostly  entire  at  the  base.  Style-tips  truncate  or  subulate. 
Achenes  flat,  orbicular  to  oblong,  winged  or  wingless.  Pappus  of  2  short  teeth,  or  a  mere 
coroniforni  border,  or  none.     [Creek,  bug  like,  referring  to  the  achenes.] 

.\bout  50  s))icies,  natives  of  Aiucrici,  South  .Xfrii'a  and  .\ustralasia,  known  as  Ticksecd.     In 
addition  to  the  foUowintf,  some  lonthers  occur  in  tlic  Sdullurn  and  western  I'nited  States. 
•'/.■   Rays  pink,  or  occasionally  white;  leaves  linear,  entire,    r.    C.  nhu'ti. 
•::    Rays  yellow  with  a  brown  base,  or  brown;  lower  leaves  pinnately  divided. 
Lobes  of  tlie  lower  leaves  oblong;  or  ov.il ;  aclieiies  winned.  2.   C.  lardiinihic/olia. 

Leaf  lobis  all  linear-lanceolate;  achenes  windless.  v   C  tinchtria. 

->;•   -;;•    ■;;■    Rays  yellow  throughout. 

1 .  Leaves  scssiU  .  rigid,  palniatily  ,i-lobed  below  the  middle.        4.  C.  (lahnala. 

2.  Leaves  sessde,  some  or  all   i  divided  to  the  base,  appearing  verticillate. 
Leaf  segments  oblong  or  lanceolate,  entire.  ,S.   C".  major. 
Leaf  setrmenls  1-2  pinnately  parted. 

Divisions  of  the  scKmeuts  linear  lanceolate. 
Divisions  of  the  segments  very  narrowly  lunar. 
3.   Stem  leaves  sessile  or  petioled,  entire,  or  the  lower  .^-.^lohed;  acllene^ 

each  end  on  the  inner  side, 
("ilabriius  or  ne.irly  so:  steii^  leave-^  lanceolate;  aclienes  winged.  8. 

I'lanls  hirsute,  hispid  or  pubescent  at  Iciist  helnw. 

I'lailt  leafy,  -''.|    liigh:  .sit  111  leave-  iililoii.i;-,  aeiUi-li.  9 

Leaves  few;  plants  1    -2    high:  stem  leave-  nio-lly  obtuse. 

.\elienes  broadly  winged,  b.i-al  leaves  oblong.  10 

Achenes  n.ivrowly  winged;  l);isal  leaves  nearly  orbicular.  [  1 

4.  Leave-,  or  ino-l  of  them,  I    .■  parted  into  liiuMr -egmeiits;  rays  lobed.    12. 

5.  Leaves  petinled,  all  but  the  upper  pinnately  ;-5  divideil.  i.iys  entire,     ij 


).  C  dclp/ihti/o/ia. 
'.  C.  vei liiilliila. 
iften  with  a  callus  at 

.  C.  hiiurolala. 

7.  C.  f'lthfsci'iix. 

1,   C.  iui.\sifi>!ia. 

C.  aiirii  iihila. 

C.  granciitliiia. 
;.   t'.  I>  iptei  is. 

I,    Coreopsis  rosea  \utt.     Small  Rose  or 
Pink  Tickseed.     (Fig.  3925.) 

Coiropsis  ni.si-d  Nutt.  Cen.  2;  179.      181S. 

Perennial  by  slender  rootstocks;  stems  at  length 
much  branched,  slender,  strict,  glabrous,  6'-24'  high. 
Leaves  opposite,  linear,  glabrous,  entire,  obscurely 
1  nerved,  I'-a,'^'  long,  ,'2"-!''  wide,  sessile,  or  the 
lower  petioled;  heads  slender-pedunded,  several  or 
numerous,  6"-i2'''  broad;  disk  yellow;  rays  4-.S,  pink 
or  rose-colored  (occasionally  white),  oblong  to  obo- 
vate,  slightly  .vtoothed  or  sometimes  entire;  inner 
bracts  of  the  hemispheric  nvolucre  ovate-oblong, 
acutish  or  obtuse,  glabrous,  much  longer  than  the 
lanceolate  outer  ones;  style-tips  yellow,  truncate; 
achenes  oblong  or  linenr-oblong,  thin,  not  winged, 
nearly  straight,  slightly  ribbed  on  the  inner  face; 
pappus  a  very  short  truncate  crown. 

In  open  swamps,  eastern  Massachusetts  to  (>eorgia, 
near  the  coast.      Jnly-Augf. 


432 


COMPOSITAI-;. 


[Voi,.  III. 


Coreopsis  tinctoria  Nutt. 
Tickseed.     (Fig.  3927. 


2.    Coreopsis  cardaminefolia  (DC.) 

T.  &  C     Cress-leaved  Tickseed. 

(Fig.  3926.) 

Callii'psis  cardamhif/olia  PC.  I'rodr.  5:  ,s(i8.      1S36. 
Coirop.u's  cardamine/olia  T.  iV  C.   Fl.  N.  A.  2:   346. 

1 8-12. 

.\niuial;  stem  Rlabroiis,  branched,  :°-2)-2°  liigh. 
liasal  leaves  pelio'.ed,  2'-\'  loiij;,  i-j-piiiiiatcly 
parted  into  oblong;  or  oval  obtuse  scj^incnts,  the 
petioles  sometimes  slij;litly  ciliate;  stem-leaves  dis- 
tant, sessile,  or  nearly  so,  pinnately  parted  into  lin- 
ear segments,  or  the  uppermost  entire;  heads  S"- 
12"  broad,  slendcr-peduncled;  involucre  hemi- 
spheric, its  inner  bracts  brown,  ovate  or  ovate- 
lanceolate,  obtuse  or  obtusisli,  scarious-margined, 
much  longer  than  the  lanceolate  obtusisli  outer 
ones;  rays  4-S,  yellow  with  a  brown  base,  .^-toothed; 
achenes  oval,  i"-i'2"  long,  winged,  smooth,  or 
slightly  papillose;  pappus  of  2  minute  awns, or  none. 

Ill  iiioiiit  soil,  Kansas  lo  Xc \v  Mexico,  Louisiana  and 
iioitliiTii  MLxicii.      Jlay Oct. 

(iarden 


Coienf>sis  /iiw/on'a  Null.  Jouni.  Acad,  I'liila.  2.  u\. 
1 821. 

Annual;  stem  j^labrous,  branched,  l°-3'2°high. 

Leaves  1-2-pinnately  divided  into  linear  obtusisli 

mostly  entire  segments,  or  the  uppermost  linear 

.ind  entire,  the  lower  pctiolcd;  heads  slcnder-pe- 

duncled,   io"-i2'''  broad,  or  in  cultivation  much 

broader;    involucre  hemispheric,  its  inner  bracts 

brown,  ovate  or  oblong,  obtuse  or  acute,  scarious- 

margined,  ,^-5  times  as  long  as  the  obtuse  outer 

ones;    rays  6-10,  cuneate,    yellow   with  a  brown 

base  or  brown  all  over;  style-tips  truncate;  achenes 

linear  or  linear-oblong,  about  i"  long,  wingless; 

pappus  a  mere  border,  or  none. 

In  moist  soil,  Minnesota  to  the  Northwest  Tirri- 
torj-,  south  to  Nebraska,  Louisiana  and  Arizona.  Es- 
caped from  gardens  to  roadsides  and  waste  places 
eastward.      May-Sept. 


Coreopsis  palmata  Nutt. 
Tickseed.     (Fig.  3928.) 


Oiren/iMs  f><ih)ia/a  yiwll.  Cvw.  2:  180.      i8i3. 

I'erennial,  stems  rigid,  glabrous,  simple,  or 
little  branched,  very  leafy,  1°  3°  high.  Leaves 
sessile,  2'-^'  long,  palmately  3-lol)ed  at  or  be- 
low the  middle,  or  the  uppermost  entire,  thick, 
rigid,  the  lobes  linear-oblong,  obtusisli,  entire, 
or  with  1-3  lateral  lobes,  their  margins  rough; 
heads  few  or  solitary,  5liortpe<luncled,  i'-2' 
broad;  involucre  hemirpheric,  its  bracts  some- 
what united  at  the  base,  those  of  the  outer  series 
narrower  and  nearly  as  long  as  the  inner  ones; 
rays  6-10,  bright  yellow,  oblong  or  obovate, 
mostly  ;vtootlied;  achenes  oblong,  narrowly 
winged,  slightly  incurved;  pappus  of  2  short 
lips,  or  none. 

On  dry  prairies  and  in  tliickels.  Illinois  to  I,ou 
isiaiia.  west  to  Minnesota,  Manitotw,  Nebraska  and 
Texas.     June-July. 


Gkm's  bf^] 


TIIISTI.R   FAMILY. 


433 


A 


Stiff 


5.    Coreopsis  mlljor  Walt.     Wood,  or 

Oreater  Tickseed.     (Fig.  3929.) 

C'("C('/>.;.t  wo/.';- Wall.  V\.  C.ir.  214.      17H8. 
Coifop\t\  seiiifolia  Miclix.  l-"!.  Hor,  Am.  J:  i.^S.    tSo;. 

rcreiuiial;  stem  pubescent,  branclieil  above. 
2°-;,-  hi)ili.  Leaves  sessile,  more  or  less  pubes. 
cent,  or  glabrous,  divided  to  the  base  into  ;„ 
lanceolate  or  oblong,  acute  entire  segments 
2'-4'  long.  4"-i2"  wide,  which  appear  as  if  in 
verticils  of  6;  upper  and  lower  leaves  (rarely  all 
of  them  ,  undivided  and  entire;  heads  several 
or  numerous,  slcnder-pcduncled,  I '-2'  broad; 
bracts  of  the  hemispheric  involucre  all  united 
at  the  base,  the  outer  ones  linear-oblong,  ob- 
tuse, e<iualling  or  shorter  than  the  broader 
inner  ones,  all  pubescent;  rays  6-10,  yellow, 
oblong,  entire;  disk  yellow;  achenes  oblong  to 
elliptic,  winged,  >j"-2"  long;  pappus  of  2  short 
deciduous  teeth. 

In  dry  'andy  woods,  Virginia  (according  to  Watson 
and  Coulter  ,  North  Carolina  to  Florida.    Jiily-.\ug. 

Coreopsis  m&jor  (Hmleri  ( lill.  1  Brilton.  Mem. 
Xi"v'"A"^  OF.mleri  Ivll.  Hot.  S.  C.  iS:  C.a.  2:  4,vs       1S24. 
co>eo/>sis  slellala  Xult.  Journ.  .\cad.  I'liila.  7:  7^1.      1S34. 
Ccrii^sis  seiii/it/ia  var.  slellala  T.  iS:  J.  Fl.  N'.  .\.  2:  342.      1S42. 

Plant  glabrous  throughout;  leaf-segments  often  narrower.   Virginia  and  West  Virginia  to  Georgia. 

6.   Coreopsis  delphinifolia  Lam. 
L,ark.spiir  Tickseed.     (Fig.  3930.) 

0",u>/>sis  delf>/ii>ii/o!ia  Lam.  ICncycl.  2:  108.  1786 
Perennial;  stem  glabrous,  branched  above, 
rather  slender,  i^-,^°  high.  Leaves  sessile,  1-2- 
ternatcly  parted  into  linear  or  linear-lanceolate 
segments  which  are  i'-2'  long,  i"-},"  wide; 
heads  several  or  numerous,  i;j'-2'  broad;  invo- 
lucre hemispheric,  its  bracts  glabrous,  the  outer 
linear-oblong,  obtuse,  shorter  than  or  equalling 
the  ovate-oblong  inner  ones;  rays  6-10,  yellow, 
entire;  disk  brown;  achenes  oblong  to  oval, 
narrowed  at  the  base,  narrowly  winged;  pappus 
of  2  short  teeth. 

In  dry  woods.  Virginia  (.icconling  to  Torrey  and 
Gray),  North  Carolina  to  Georgia  and  .\lal)ama. 
Aug.-Sept. 


2 

7.   Coreopsis  verticillata  I.,.      Whorled 

Tickseed.     (Fig.  3931.) 
Cc'ieoft.u'^  :e>luillala  L.  Sp.  I'l.  907.      i7j,v 

rerennial;  stem  stilT,  umch  branched,  slender, 
leafy,  1-2-  high.  Leaves  sessile,  glabrous, 
2-3-tertiately  dissected  into  lincar-filifortn  entire 
segments;  heads  numerous,  I'-l.'i'  broad;  invo- 
lucre hemispheric,  or  short-cylindric  in  fruit, 
glabrous,  its  outer  bracts  linear,  obtuse,  com- 
inoidy  somewhat  shorter  and  much  narrower 
than  the  ovate-oblong  inner  ones;  rays6-i(),  yel- 
low, spatulate-oblong,  obtuse;  disk  dull  yellow: 
achenes  olilong,  narrowly  winged,  2"  long; 
pappus  of  2  short  teeth. 

In  dry  soil,  western  Onttirio  to  northern  Michi- 
gan, south  to  Maryland,  North  Carolina,  Kentucky, 
Nebraska  .md  .Arkansas.    Juiie-.Seiil. 

2S 


434 


COMPOSITAE. 


[Vol.  III. 


8.    Coreopsis  lanceolstta  L.     Lance- 
leaved  Tickseed.     (Fig.  3932.) 

Coreiipsis  laucfolala  I,.  Sp.  PI.  qoS.      1753. 
Co'eof>sis  lancfolala  var.  anguitifolia  T.  &  G.  Fl. 

N.  A.  2:  344.      1842. 

Perennial;  sletii  slender,  glabrous,  or  spar- 
ingly hispid  near  the  base,  i°-2°  high.  Leaves 
glabrous,  the  lower  and  basal  ones  slender-peti- 
oled,  spatulate  or  narrowly  oblong,  very  obtuse, 
2'-6'  long,  entire,  or  with  1-3  lateral  obtuse  en- 
tire lobes;  stem  leaves  few,  sessile  or  nearly  so, 
lanceolate  or  oblong,  obtuse  or  acutish,  usually 
quite  entire;  heads  few  or  solitary  on  elongated 
slender  peduncles,  lyi'-'^l'i'  broad,  showy;  pe- 
duncles often  12'  long;  involucre  depressed- 
hemispheric,  its  bracts  glabrous  or  ciliate,  lan- 
ceolate or  ovate-lanceolate,  the  outer  narrower 
than  the  inner,  but  nearly  as  long;  rays  6-10, 
bright  yellow,  cuneate,  3-7-lobed;  achenes  ob- 
long, broadly  winged,  about  i"  long;  pappus  of 
2  short  teeth. 

In  dry  or  moist  soil,  western  Ont.irio  to  \'ir({inia,. 
Florida,  Louisiana  and  Mis;jouri.     May-Aug. 


g.   Coreopsis  pubescens  Ell. 

Coi  r-.opsis  pubescens  Kll.  Bot.  S.  C.  &  Ga.  2:  441. 

1824. 

Perennial;  stem  pubescent  or  puberulent, 
leafy,  little  branched,  or  simple,  erect,  2°-4° 
high.  Leaves  pubescent  or  glabrous,  entire,  or 
some  of  them  3-5-lobed  or  divided,  the  basal 
and  lower  ones  slender-petioled,  obovate-oval, 
obtuse,  the  upper  short-petioled  or  sessile, 
broadly  lanceolate  or  oblong,  acute  or  acutish, 
2'-3'  long;  heads  few,  I'-ij^'  broad,  long-pe- 
duncled;  involucre  depressed-hemispheric,  gla- 
brous, star-like,  its  lanceolate  obtuse  or  acute 
outer  bracts  nearly  as  long  as  but  much  narrower 
than  the  ovate  inner  ones;  rays  8-10,  yellow, 
cuneate,  lobed  at  the  apex;  achenes  similar  to 
those  of  the  preceding  species  or  broader. 

In  dry  woods,  Virginia  to  Illinois  and  Missouri, 
south  to  Florida  and  Louisiana.    ]une-Aug. 


vStar  Tickseed. 


10.  Coreopsis  crassifdlia  Ait.  Thick- 
leaved  or  Hairy  Tickseed.     (Fig.  3934.) 

Corciipsis  crassi/olia  Ait.  Hort.  Kew.  3:253.  1789. 
Coreopsis  lanceolala  var.  viltosa  Michx.  Fl.  Bor. 

Am.  2:  137.      1803. 

Perennial;  stem  hirsute  or  villous-pubescent 
below,  ascending,  little  branched,  S''-2o'  high. 
Leaves  rather  thick,  hirsute  or  pubescent,  all 
entire,  the  lower  and  basal  ones  petiolcd,  oblong 
to  obovate-spatulate,  mostly  very  obtuse,  i'-3' 
long,  4"-io"  wide;  stem  leaves  few,  short-peti- 
oled or  sessile,  obtuse  or  acutish,  narrower; 
heads  few,  i''-2'  broad,  borne  on  slender,  puber- 
ulent peduncles  often  1°  long,  similar  to  those 
of  C.  lanccolata,  as  are  the  rays,  involucral 
bracts  and  achenes. 

Dry  .soil,  Illinois  to  Louisiana,  east  to  South 
Carolina  and  Florida.    May-Aug. 


Gents  66.] 


THISTLE   FAMILY. 


435 


I'l. 


XX.  Coreopsis  auriculata  L.     Kunning 
or  Lobed  Tickseecl.     (Fig.  3935.) 

Coieopsh  auriculata  \..  Sp.  PI.  9118.      ly.sv 

rerennial;  stoloniferous;  stems  weak,  very 
slender,  decumbent  or  ascending,  6'-i5'  long, 
little  branched,  or  simple,  pubescent  or  hirsute, 
at  least  below.  Leaves  thin,  entire  or  pinnately 
3-5-lobed  or  3-,s-dividcd,  the  terminal  segment 
entire  and  much  larger  than  the  lateral  ones, 
the  lower  and  basal  more  or  less  puljcscent, 
broadly  oblong  or  nearly  orbicular,  with  slender 
pubescent  petioles;  stem  leaves  few,  petioled  or 
sessile,  mostly  obtuse;  heads  i'-ifi'  broad, 
slender-peduncled;  outer  bracts  of  the  involucre 
oblong,  narrower  than  the  mostly  ovate  and 
acute  inner  ones;  rays  6-10,  cuneate,  about  4- 
toothed,  yellow;  achenesoval,  narrowly  winged, 
the  wings  involute  and  thick. 

In  woods,  Virffiniato  Kentucky,  south  to  Florida 
and  Louisiana.     May-.\ug. 


Ill  moist  soil,  Missouri  to  Tfxas,  cast  to 
May-.\ug. 


12.   Coreopsis  grandiflora  Hogg. 
I,arge-flo\vered  Tickseed.     (Fig.  3936.) 

O'teofisis   jiraiidijlora    Ilogg;    Swet't,    Brit.   Fl; 
Oarn.  3:/>/.  7,-5.      1825-27. 

Perennial  (or sometimes  annual?);  stem  gla- 
brous, usually  branched  above,  i°-3°  high. 
Leaves,  or  most  of  them,  1-2-pinnately  parted, 
or  the  lower  entire  and  slcnder-pclioled;  seg- 
ments of  the  lower  .stem  leaves  oblong,  obtuse, 
the  terminal  one  larger  than  the  lateral;  seg- 
ments of  most  of  the  stem  leaves  linear  or  even 
filiform;  petioles  ciliate;  heads  commonly  sev- 
eral, i''-2'  broad,  long-pcduncled;  outer  bracts 
of  the  involucre  lanceolate,  narrower  and 
mostly  shorter  than  the  oval  or  ovate-lanceo- 
late inner  ones;  rays  6-10,  yellow,  lobed; 
achcnes  oblong,  broadly  winged  when  mature, 
the  projections  on  the  inner  face  usually  large; 
pappus  of  2  short  scales. 
Georgia. 


13.   Coreopsis  tripteris  L,.     Tall 
Tickseed.     (Fig.  3937.) 

Coreopsis  tripteris  L.  Sp.  PI.  c/jS.      1753. 

Perennial;  stem  glabrous,  much  branched  above, 
4°-S°  high.  Leaves  petioled,  glabrous,  or  very 
nearly  so,  firm,  the  lower  all  divided  into  lanceo- 
late entire  acute  rough-margined  segments,  which 
are  a'-s'  long,  U'-i'  wide  and  pinnately  veined; 
uppermost  leaves  lanceolate,  entire;  heads  nu- 
merous, slender-peduncled,  I'-il-i'  broad;  outer 
bracts  of  the  involucre  linear,  obtusish,  much 
narrower  than  the  ovate-oval  or  ovate-lanceolate, 
acute  inner  ones;  rays  6-10,  yellow,  obtuse,  entire; 
achenes  oblong  to  obovate,  narrowly  winged, 
emarginate;  pappus  none. 

In  moist  woods  and  thickets,  Pennsylv.iiiia  to  Wis- 
consin, south  to  Virginia,  Florida  and  Louisiana. 
July-Oct. 


436 


COMroSITAK. 


[Vol..  III. 


67.    BIDENS  L.  Sp.  PI.  831. 


I/S.v 


Annual  or  perennial  licrl)s,  with  opposite  serrate  lobetl  divided  or  dissecte<l  leaves,  or  the 
uppermost  alternate,  and  mostly  lar^c  heads  of  both  tubular  and  radiate  flowers,  or  the  rays 
none,  or  rudimentary.  luvolucrc  campanulate  or  hemispheric,  its  bracts  in  2  series,  dis- 
tinct, or  slightly  uniteil  at  the  base;  the  outer  often  foliaccous  a'ul  much  larger  than  the 
inner.  Receptacle  flat  or  nearly  so,  chalVy,  the  chaff  subtcndiu);  the  disk-flowers.  Rays, 
when  present,  neutral,  mostly  entire,  yellow  in  our  species.  Disk-flowers  perfect,  fertile, 
their  corollas  tubular,  5-tootlicd.  .\nthers  entire,  or  minutely  sagittate  at  the  base.  Style- 
branches  with  short  or  subulate  tips.  .Xchenes  flat,  (juadrangular  or  nearly  terete,  cuneate, 
oblong,  or  linear.  I'appus  of  2-6  teeth  or  subulate  awns,  upwardly  or  downwardly  barbed 
or  hispid.     [Latin,  two-toothed,  referring  to  the  achenes.] 


About  'lO  species  of  wide  KCottraphic  distribution, 
in  tile  southern  and  suutliwestern  I'nited  States. 


Hesides  the  following,  about  S  others  occur 


Plants  terrestrial,  erect;  leaves  simple,  or  divided. 

Leaves  lanceolate,  serrate,  undiv..led,  rarely  ,5-5lobed. 
Rays  present,  large  and  conspicuous. 
Heads  persistently  erect. 
Heads  nodding  after  flowering. 
Rays  rudimentary,  or  none. 

Heads  nodding  after  flowering. 
Heads  persistently  erect. 

Pappus  awns  downwardly  barbed. 

Involucral  bracts  not  foliaceous;  stein  purple;  (lowers  orange 

Involucral  bracts  foliaceous 


laevis. 
ceintia. 


2.  /?.  cernua. 


/I. 


stem  straw-color;  flowers  greenisli 

4.  /.'. 
Pappus  awns  upwardly  barbed.  5.  II. 

Leaves  some,  or  all  of  them,  pinnately  i-,5-parted  or  dis.sected. 
Rays  rudimentary,  or  none,  or  very  short. 

Achenes  flat;  leaves,  some  or  all  of  them,  i-,vdivided. 

Leaves  membranous;  heads  2"-^'  high.  6.  /?. 

Leaves  not  membranous;  heads  5" -7"  high.  7.  /?. 

Achenes  linear;  leaves  dissected.  8.  II. 

R.iys  large  and  conspicuous. 

'  .\chenes  sparingly  i)ubescent,  not  ciliate ;  pappus  of  2  short  teeth 
.•\clienes  ciliate;  pappus  2-4  subulate  teeth  or  awns. 
Achenes  cuneate,  or  linear-cuneate. 
."Vchenes  obovate,  very  flat. 

Bracts  of  the  involucre  glabrous,  or  ciliate,  short.  11.  II. 

Outer  bracts  densely  hispid,  much  longer  than  tlie  inner.   12.  II. 

Plant  acpiatic;  submersed  leaves  filiformlj-  dissected.  13.  />'. 


ccnnala. 
yellow. 
coniosa. 
biilenloides. 


')■ 


discoidi'a. 
frondosa. 
bipinnala. 


II.  coroiiata. 
10.  /)'.  Iiichospet  ma. 


atistoia. 

invoUicrata. 

Ileckii. 


I.    Bidens  laevis  (I,.)  B.S.P.     Larger  or  Smooth  Bur-Marigold.     Brook 

Sunflower.     (Fig.  3938.) 

JIflianlhus  laevis  L.  Sp.  PI.  906.      1753. 
Ilideiis  cliiyaanthemoides  Michx.  P'l.  Bor.  Am. 

2:  156.      180^. 
Bideiis  laez'is  B.S.P.  Prel.  Cat.  N.  Y.  29.      iS38. 

Annual;  glabrous  throughout;  stems 
branched,  erect  or  ascending,  \°-2°  high. 
Leaves  sessile,  lanceolate,  evenly  serrate  or 
serrulate,  acuminate  at  the  apex,  narrowed 
to  the  sometimes  connatc-perfoliate  base, 
3'-S'  long,  ,'+'-i'  wide;  heads  numerous, 
short-peduncled,  erect,  i'-2,'2'  broad;  rays 
very  showy,  golden  yellow;  involucre  hemi- 
spheric, its  outer  bracts  linear-oblong  or 
spatulatc,  equalling  or  exceeding  the  broader, 
ovate  or  oblong,  membranous  inner  ones; 
rays  8-10,  obovate-oblong,  obtuse;  achenes 
cuneate,  truncate,  2"  long,  retrorsely  hispid 
on  the  margins;  pappus  of  2-4  (usually  2), 
rigid  downwardly  barbed  awns. 

In  swamps  and  wet  meadows,  Quebec  to  On- 
tario and  Minnesota,  south  to  Florida,  Louisiana, 
Alexico  and  southern  California.     Aug. -Nov. 


it  'I-: 


|p 


TIIISTIJ';   FAMILY. 

Smaller  or  Noil-  \V 

(I'jg-  3939-)  T 

■75,V 


■A 


GK.Msd;.]  TIIISTIJ';   FAMILY.  437 

2.  Bidens  cernua  L. 

diii}^  Hur-Mariyold. 

Hiiiens  cernua  I..  Kii.  rl.  N.p. 
Cfirofiiis  IlidLUS  I,.  Inc.  I'it.  ii<iS.      175,^. 

Annual;  stetns  glabrous,  or  hispiil,  usually  erect, 
branched,  3'  .^°  liigli.  Leaves  sessile  and  com- 
monly somewhat  cnnnate-perfoliate  at  the  l)ase, 
lanceolate  to  oblong-lanceolate,  usually  coarsely 
and  sharply  serrate,  glabrous,  acuiniuatc,  }i'~(i'  ^^^ 
long,  '+'-•' "'tie;  heads  numerous,  globose,  short-  '^"'' 
pcdunclcd,  '■'-I'  broad,  nodding  after  or  during 
flowering;  rays  6-10,  short  i,"i"-6"),  or  none;  in- 
volucre depressed-hemispheric,  its  outer  bracts 
commonly  ciliate,  often  large,  foliaccous  and 
much  exceeding  the  broad,  yellowish-margined 
membranous  inner  ones;  achenes  cuneate,  about 
2"  long,  retrorsely  hispid  on  the  margins;  pappus 
of  2-4  (usually  .(),  downwardly  barbed  awns. 

In  wet  soil.  Nova  Scotia  to  Hudson  I!ay  and  Hritish 
Columbia,  SdUlli  to  Virginia,  Missouri  and  California. 
Also  in  Kuropc  and  .Asia.  Called  also  Water  .AKfi- 
niony,  Doubk-tooth.    July -Oct. 

Bidens  connata  Muhl.    Purple-steinnied  Swamp  Beggar-ticks.    (  Fig.  3940. ) 

/•'.  Ciiiiiuihi  Muhl.;  Willil.  Sp.  I'l.  3:  \-\>i.     1S04. 

Aimual;  glabrous  tliroughout;  stem  erect, 
usually  much  branched,  6'-,S°  high,  purple. 
Leaves  petioled,  lanceolate  or  oblong-lanceo- 
late, sharply  and  coarsely  serrate,  apex  acumi- 
nate, base  tapering,  thiu,  2'-;.'  long,  V'-i'  wide, 
the  ui)permost  sometimes  sessile,  nearly  entire 
and  acutisli,  tlie  lower  sometimes  with  a  pair  of 
lateral  basal  lobes,  decurrent  on  the  petiole; 
heads  several  or  numerous,  peduncled,  'j'-ili' 
broad;  involucre  campanulate  or  hemispheric, 
its  outer  bracts  ciliate  or  naked,  somewhat  ex- 
ceeding the  ovate-oblong,  inner  ones;  rays  none, 
or  1-5  and  inconspicuous;  disk-flowers  orange; 
stamens  often  cxserted;  achenes  cuneate  or 
obovate,  hairy  and  tubercled,  or  nearly  glabrous, 
often  keeled,  the  margins  with  either  erect  or 
retrorse  hairs,  or  both,  the  2-4  pappus-awns 
downwardly  barbed. 

In  swamps  or  moist  soil,  Xova  Scotia  to  the  North- 
west Territory,  south  to  DclawarL-,  tleorgia.  Ken- 
tucky and  Missouri.  Called  also  Cuckold.  Harvest 
I, ice.     .■\uK.-Oct. 

4.   Bidens  comosa  (A.  Gray)  Wiegatid. 
Leafy-bracted  Tickseed.     ( Fig.  394 1 . ) 

/)'.  coniiala  var.  comosa  .\.  Gray,  Man.  VA.  ,s,  261.     1S67. 
/.'.  comosa  Wiegand,  Hull.  Torr.  Club,  24:  436.     1897. 

Annual,  glabrous;  stem  erect,  branched,  S'-^'i"^ 
high,  straw-colored.  Leaves  short-petioled,  lanceo- 
late, coarsely  serrate  with  mostly  smaller  teeth  than 
in  /.'.  connata,  tapering  to  each  end,  the  petioles 
broadly  margined;  heads  several  or  numerous,  H' 
broad,  or  more;  outer  bracts  of  the  involucre  spatu- 
late  or  lanceolate,  foliaceous,  often  toothed,  2-4 
times  as  long  as  the  head;  corollas  mostly  4-lobed, 
pale  greenish  yellow;  stamens  and  style  included; 
achenes  larger,  3,'/i"-sy2"  long,  evenly  cuneate, 
very  flat,  retrorsely  hairy;  pappus-awns  commonly 

3,  downwardly  barbed. 

In  wet  soil,  southern  New  York  and  Massachusetts 
to  Illinois.  Leaves  thicker  and  paler  than  in  li.  con- 
iiala.   .\ug.-Oct. 


I 


438 


coMi'()srrAi':. 


[Vol.  I  it. 


5.  Bidens  bidentoides  (Nutt.)  Hriiton. 
Swaiii])  IJcggar-ticks.     (FiK-  .^942.) 

/>ii>(liiii/,t  hiilriitdiil'-s  Null.  Trans.  Am.  I'liil.  Soo. 

I  II  I  7:  \i<\.      iS(i. 
('. i» (•(>/>>;  1  hiiieiiloiiirs  T.  i*t  C"..  V\.  N.  \.  J:  ,ivi-    i^\i. 
II.  bhlfiihiidfs  liritioii,  Hull.  Torr.Clu!),  jo'zsi.   iSg^, 

Closely  rcseiiitilcs  //.  oiinata,  glabrous 
throughout;  stem  hraiic'ied,  I  "-4^  I'Ik''' 
Leaves  similar,  lanceolate,  sharply  serrate, 
petioled,  or  the  upper  sessile  and  entire,  acumi- 
nate at  the  apex,  narrowed  at  the  base;  invo- 
lucre narrowly  or  becoming  somewhat  broadly 
campanulate,  its  outer  bracts  linear,  foliaceous, 
not  ciliate,  usually  much  exceeding;  the  oblong 
inner  ones;  rays  none,  or  rarely  present  and 
very  short;  acheneslinear-cuneatc,  4"-5"  lon^, 
their  sides  and  the  2  slender  pappus-awns 
(rarely  with  2  short  intermediate  awnsi  up- 
wardly barbed  or  hispid. 

MuiUly  shores  of  lliu  Delaware  River  and  Hay  in 
IVinisvlvania,  New  Jersey.  Delaware  and  Maryland. 
AlUf.   Oct. 

^:.  G.)  IJrit-  -      —    - 


(Fiff.  3943- i 

.■\.2:,v^9.       i!<42. 


6.   Bidens  discoidea  (T. 
ton.     vSinall  HegRar-ticks. 

Ciiifiifisis  (/isroit/i'a  T.  N:  (•.  l'\.  X 

/'.  di.uoidfa  Hrittun.  Hull.  Torn  Club,  20:  2^1.    iHi)?. 

Annual,  glabrous,  slender,  brandling,  erecl, 
2'-6^  high.  Leaves  membranous,  very  slender- 
petioled,  all  the  lower  ones  divided  into  3  lan- 
ceolate or  oblong-lanceolate,  dentate,  acuminate 
segments  which  are  i'-;,'  long;  uppermost 
leaves  commonly  rhombic-lanceolate  and  undi- 
vided; heads  usually  numerous,  slender-pedun- 
cled,  2"-$"  broa<l  and  about  as  high;  involucre 
broadly  campanulate  or  hemispheric,  its  outer 
bracts  usually  foliaceous  and  obtuse,  usually 
much  surpassing  the  inner  ones;  rays  appar- 
ently always  wanting;  achenes  flat,  narrowly 
cuncate,  upwardly  strigose,  about  2"  long; 
pappus  of  2  short,  ui)wardly  hispid,  rarely  down- 
wardly barbed  awns. 

In  swamps  and  wet  places, Connecticut  to  Virginia, 
Ohio,  Micliigaii,  Louisiana  and  Texas.    July  Sept. 

7.    Bidens  fronddsa  L.      Heggar-ticks. 

vStick-tight.     (Fig.  3944-) 
Ilidens  fiKiutosa  L.  Sp.  PI.  8;,2.      175;,. 

.Annual;  stem  erect,  branched,  sparingly  pu- 
bescent,or glabrous, often  purplish,  2"-9>i°  high. 
Leaves  thin,  but  not  membranous,  slcnder-peti- 
oled,  pinnately  ;,-5-divided  or  the  uppermost 
undivided,  the  segments  lanceolate  or  oblong- 
lanceolate,  sharply  serrate,  acuminate  at  the 
ape.\,  narrowed  at  the  base,  usually  slightly  pu- 
bescent beneath,  stalked,  2'-\'  long,  li'-l' 
wide;  heads  usually  numerous,  pcduncled, 
about  6"  high,  5"-io"  broad;  involucre  cam- 
panulate, becoming  hemispheric,  its  outer  bracts 
more  or  less  foliaceous,  often  much  exceeding 
the  ovate-lanceolate,  scarious-niargined  inner 
ones;  rays  none,  or  rudimentary  and  inconspic- 
uous; achenes  flat,  oval  or  obovate,  ciliate,  the 
two  slender  awns  downwardly  barbed,  or  some- 
times upwardly  hispid. 

In  moist  soil,  often  a  weed  in  fields,  Nova  Scotia 

to  J-'lorida.  Hrifish  Columbia,  Nebraska  and  Texas.     Introfluced  as  a  weed  into  southern  Ivurope. 

Called  also  Rayless  Marigold,  Keggar  lice.  Pitchforks,  Stick-seed.  Common  Hur-niarigold.   July-Oet. 


._L 


■GENts  fi;.] 
8 


TIIISTrj':  FAMILY. 


439 


\ 


Bidens  bipinn&ta  L.     vSpanish 
Needles.     (  Fi^.  3945. ) 

lUdrm  hiftiunata  I,.  .S)).  I'l.  S^j.      175,!. 

Annual;  stem  (|iiH(lrangular,  erect,  freely 
branched,  rather  slender,  r'-.S""  liiKh.  Leaves  thin, 
acuminate,  peljoled,  i-^-piunately  dissected  into 
ovate  or  ohlonn,  tootlied  or  lohed  sennients,  the 
lower  often  8'  Iouk;  heads  usually  numerous,  lon^- 
pedunded,  2"-4"  broad;  involucre  narrow,  its 
outer  bracts  linear,  ascending,  nearly  as  lonnas  the 
broader  erect  inner  ones;  rays  3-4,  yellow,  short, 
sometimes  none;  aclienes  linear,  4-an)4lcd,  slightly 
pubescent,  narrowed  upward  into  a  beak,  5"~9" 
long,  the  outer  ones  commonly  shorter  and  thicker 
than  the  inner;  pappus  of  2-4  (usually  4),  down- 
wardly barbed,  slightly  spreading  awns,  much 
shorter  than  the  achene. 

Ill  various  situatidiis,  often  a  weed  in  cnllivatcrt 
tieUls,  Kill  '(1l-  Island  to  I'Morida.  west  to  ( )liio,  Nebraska 
and  Arizona.  .Vlso  in  Mexico  and  tropical  .Vincrica 
and  introduced  as  a  weed  into  soutliern  ICuropc  and  .■Vsia.     ]uly-Oct. 

9.  Bidens  coronata  (L.)  I'isch.     Southern 
Tickseed-Siinflower.     (Fig.  3946.) 

Coreopsis  coioiiahi  I,.  Sp.  I'l.  Ivd.  2,  1281.      176,5. 
Coit'o/'si's  atiira  .Vit   Ilort.  Kew.  3:  252.      i7Si). 
/lidfiis coponata  Fiscli.;  Steudcl,  Nom.  ICd.  2,  202.   iS.).o. 

Annual,  glabrous  or  nearly  so  throughout;  stem 
branched,  l°-3°  high.  Lower  leaves  pctioled,  3'- 
,S'  long,  3-divided,  the  terminal  segment  lanceolate, 
acute  or  acuminate,  serrate,  much  larger  than  the 
.serrate  or  entire  lateral  ones;  upper  leaves  much 
smaller,  3-parted,  3-lobcd  or  undivided,  sessile  or 
short-petioled,  entire  or  serrate;  heads  numerous, 
slender-peduncled,  i'-2'  broad;  involucre  hemi- 
spheric, its  outer  bracts  linear-oblong,  obtuse,equal- 
ling  or  slightly  exceeding  the  broader  inner  ones; 
rays  6-10,  obtuse;  achenes  broadly  cuneate,  slightly 
pubescent,  l"-2"  long;  pappus  of  2  chaffy  diver- 
gent somewhat  laciniate  teeth,  rarely  with  2  shorter 
intermediate  ones. 

In  wet  places, \'irKiiiia  (according  to  Gray'i.to  Florida 
and  Alabama.    July-Sept. 

10.    Bidens  trichosperma  (Michx.)  Brit- 
toii.    Tall Tickseed-Sunflower.   (Fig.  3947.) 

C.  Irichospcrnia  Miclix.  V\.  Uor.  Am.  2:  l.^g.     iSo;^. 

B.  tridiosfifima  Hritton,  Hull.  Torr.  Club,  20-  2S1.    1893. 

Annual  or  biennial,  glabrous;  stem  tall,  obscurely 
quadrangular,  much  branched,  2°-5°  high.  Lower 
leaves  petioled,  4'-.S'  long,  pinnately  divided  into 
5-7  lanceolate  acuminate,  sharply  serri'te,  incised 
or  nearly  entire,  sessile  or  short-stalked  segments; 
upper  leaves  sessile  or  nearly  so,  3-lobed,  3-divided, 
or  entire  and  linear-lanceolate;  heads  numerous, 
i/i'-i/s'  broad,  long-peduncled;  involucre  hemi- 
splieric,  its  outer  bracts  linear  or  spatulate,  some- 
times ciliate,  about  the  length  of  the  broader  inner 
ones;  rays  6-19,  obtuse,  golden  yellow,  7"-i2"  long; 
achenes  oblong-cuneate,  hispid-pubescent  and  cili- 
ate, 3"-4"  long;  pappus  of  2  short  erect  or  diver- 
gent, upwardly  hispid  teeth  or  short  awns. 

In  swamps  and  wet  meadows,  Massachusetts  to  Cieor- 
pia,  Illinois  ami  Kentucky.     Aug.-Ocl. 

Bidens  trichosperma  tenuiloba  (A.  Gray)  Dritton, 
Coreopsis  /rii/iosperma  var.  leniiiloba  A.  Gr.iy,  Syii.  Fl. 

Segments  of  the  leaves  linear-lanceolate,  serrate  or  entire;  achenes  sometimes  sni.iller.     In  bogs, 
Illinois,  Indiana,  Minnesota  and  southern  Ontario.     A  similar  form  occurs  in  southern  New  Jersey. 


Bull.  Torr.  Club,  30 
I;  Part  2,  295.      18S4. 


440 


COiroSITAK. 


[Vor..  Ill 


swani))!.  ami  wet  prairii  s 


II.   Bidens  aristbsa  (  Michx. )  Hrittun. 
Western  Ticksced-vSiinllowcr. 

(l-ijr.    3948.) 

O'/roAwv  (I)  /v/iMii  Mii'lix.  I'l.  Hor.  Am.  2   1  |ci.    iSoj. 

(".  (iin/ii/ii  M\ilil. :  Wilia.  Si>.  I'l.  3:  .^.-5!.      in,.(. 

A'.  iiiistiKui  lirittuii,  Hull   Toir.  Clul).  30:  ?>i.       i.>>yv 

Annual  nr  l)iL'iiniaI;  stem  much  lirunched, 
l°-3°  liiKh.  Leaves  lliiu,  sletider-petiDlfd,  pu- 
t)CHrent  beiieatli,  tlic  lower  ones  pinnatcly  5-7- 
ilivideil,  y-fy'  louK.  the  sej;inents  lanceolate, 
serrate,  incised  or  piniiHtiful,  acuminate,  nar- 
rowed at  the  base;  upper  leaves  less  divided, 
lanceolate,  or  merely  lobed,  sessile  or  short- 
pelioled;  heads  numerous,  slender-pedunoled, 
i'-2'  broad;  outer  l)racts  of  the  hemispheric  in- 
volucre linear  or  spatulate,  usually  ciliatc,  not 
surpassing  the  inner;  rays  <i-i),  obtuse;  achenes 
very  flat,  oblanccolatc  or  obovate,  upwardly 
ciliate  and  strigose- pubescent;  papjnis  of  2  slen- 
der upwardly  or  downwardly  barljcil  awns, 
nearly  as  long  as  the  achcnc,  rarely  wanting. 
Illinois  to  Michigan,  south  to  I.oiiisiaua  and  Slissuuri.     Aug.  Oct. 


12 

ton 


Bidens  involucrata  (Nutt. )  Hrit- 
Long-bracted  Tickseed-Sunflower. 

(^"ig-  3949-) 
Coreopsis  inzoliiciala  Nutt.  Journ.  I'liil.  Acad.  7: 

7.t-      i><.V». 
litdrns  in-oliurala  IJritton,   H;!ll.  Torr.  Club,  20: 

281.      i8<xv 

Similar  to  the  two  preceding  species,  minutely 
pubescent,  i°-i^  li'g'i.  much  branched.  Seg- 
ments of  the  leaves  narrower,  linear-lanceolate, 
incised  or  pinnatifid,  long-acuminate;  hcails 
numerous,  i'-;'  broad,  on  slender  usually  hispid 
peduncles;  outer  bracts  of  the  hemispheric  in- 
volucre linear-lanceolate,  acuminate,  densely 
hispid  and  ciliate,  much  exceeding  the  inner 
ones;  rays  orange  at  the  base;  achenes  flat, 
ciliate  and  strigose;  pappus  of  2  short  teeth. 

In  swamps,  Illinois  to  Kansas,  Arkansas  and 
Texas.    July-Supt. 


/Helen. 

135- 


Bidens  Beckii  Torr.     Water 
Marigokl.     (Fig.  3950.) 

lieckii  Torr.;  Spreiig.  Neue  Ivntdick.  2: 


1S21. 


In  ponds  and  streams,  (Jui-bec  t^ 


Perennial,  aquatic;  stems  simple,  or  little 
branched,  2°-S'^  long.  Submersed  leaves 
sessile,  l'-2'  long  repeatedly  divided  into 
numerous  capillary  segments;  eniersed 
leaves  few,  sessile,  opposite,  or  sometimes 
in  3's,  lanceolate  or  oblong,  acute,  serralc  or 
laciniate,  '^'-i'/i'  long;  heads  solitary  or 
few,  short  peduncled,  \'-\\i'  broad;  involu- 
cre hemispheric,  its  bracts  oval  or  oblong, 
obtusish,  glabrous,  the  outer  somewhat 
shorter  than  the  inner;  rays  6-10,  obovate, 
or  oblong,  obtuse,  golden  yellow;  achenes 
nearly  terete,  each  end  truncate;  pappus  of 
3-6  slender  awns,  downwardly  barbed  above, 
smooth  Ijclow,  divergent,  6"- 12"  long. 
New  Jersey,  west  to  Manitoba  and  Missouri.     Aug. -.Sept. 


Gi;nis6.s.] 


TllISTIJ'    I'AMII.Y. 


44' 


68.    THELESPERMA  I.lss.  I.innaca,  6511.     1S31. 

(ilabrous  aiiniml  or  perfimial  1rtI)s,  willi  oppD^ite  linear  and  uiulividtd,  or  t'lmdy  dissec- 
ted leaves,  and  loiiK-))Ciiunclcd  heads  of  l)otli  tu'mlar  and  radiate  llowers,  or  tin-  ravs  w  inl- 
ine. Involucre  licniisplicric  or  catnpaiiulate,  of  2  ilistinct  scries  of  liracts,  the  outer  short, 
narrow  and  somewhat  spreadinK,  the  inner  united  nearly  to  or  hcyond  the  middle  iiiloacuii, 
their  tips  scarious-inarj/ined.  Receptacle  Hat,  cliHlly,  the  2-iicrved  hroad  white  scarious  chall 
suhtcnditifi  the  disk-flowers  and  achenes.  Kay-flowers,  when  j)rescnt,  neutral,  the  rays  yel- 
low, entire  or  toothed  Disk-flowers  perfect,  fertile,  their  corolla  with  a  slender  tube  and 
5-tootlied  limb.  Anthers  obtuse  and  entire  at  the  base.  Style-tips  acute.  Achenes,  some  or 
all  of  them,  papillose  on  the  back,  oblonj;  or  linear,  slightly  compressed  or  terete,  windless. 
I'appus  of  2  retrorsely  hispid  awns  or  scales,  or  sometimes  none,     [dreek,  nipple-seed  ] 

.\l)(iut  7  species,  Tiativcs  of  Ihf  soutli  central  t  nil:  il  Slates,  Mexico  and  soullieni  Soulli  Ann  iiia. 

Kays  larKc;  pappus  awns  sluirUr  than  tlu-  width  ol  ihe  achene. 

I.iavts  not  riifid,  their  si-kmiciiIs  lilifurni  linear;  annual  or  bieiniial.  i.  '/'.  ain/i.i; iiiiiii. 

Leaves  rigid,  tluir  siiftninls  liniar;  jurcnnial.  2.  T.  Irihilinii. 

Rays  iiKoiispicuiJUS,  or  none;  awns  UiUKcr  llian  the  wi<llh  of  llie  aclicne.  t,.  'I'.  i;iiiciU'. 


I.   Thelesperma  trifidum  (I'oir. ) 
(Fig.  395>-) 

Coieopsis  Irifida  Poir,  in  Supi)l.  I.aui.  ICncycl. 

3:,vs.V      i.Sil. 
TItiteipcrma  filifolium  A.  (Iray,   Kew  Journ. 

Hot.  l:  252.      i8.jy. 
Thclesponia   hi/taum    Ilritton,   Trans.    N.    V. 

Acad.  Sci.  9:  182.      i8<)0. 

.\nnnal  or  biennial;  stem  branched,  1°-^^ 
high.  Leaves  nunierous,  not  rigid,  i'i'-2' 
Ion}.',  bipinnately  divided  into  fdiforra  or 
linear-filiform  segments;  heads  several  or 
numerous,  i2"-i5"  broad;  outer  bracts  of 
the  involucre  about  S,  subulate-linear,  equal- 
ling or  more  than  half  as  long  as  the  inner, 
which  are  united  not  higher  that  the  middle; 
rays  6-10,  somewhat  spatulate,  3-lobed;  disk 
purple  or  brown;  achenes  linear-oblong, 
straight,  or  slightly  curved,  the  outer  ones 
strongly  papillose;  awns  of  the  pappus  not 
longer  than  the  width  of  the  summit  of  the 
achene. 

In  dry  soil,  Nebraska  to  Texas,     June  .\ug. 


Uritton.     Fitie-lcaved  Tlielespenna. 


2.   Thelesperma  ambiguum 

A.  Gray.     Stiff  Tlielespenna. 

(FiR-  3952-) 

rheUspirma  amliisiuuni   A.   Cray,    Pioc.   Am. 
.^cad.  19;  16.      ibS,^. 

rcrennial  from  a  deep  woody  root  and 
slender  rootstocks;  stem  rigid,  usually  much 
branched,  i°~i'/i°  high.  Leaves  usually 
numerous,  i'/i'-2'  long,  bipinnately  divided 
into  entire  rigid  linear  segments,  but  less 
compound  than  those  of  the  preceding  spe- 
cies; outer  bracts  of  the  involucre  lanceolate- 
subulate,  usually  much  shorter  than  the 
inner  ones,  which  arc  united  to  about  the 
middle;  rays  (rarely  wanting)  and  achenes 
similar  to  those  of  the  preceding. 

In  dry  soil.  Montana,  Colorado  and  Nebraska 
to  Texas  and  New  Me.\ico.     June-AuR. 


coMi'osri'Ai;. 


I  Vol..  III. 


3.   Thelespcrma  gracile  (Torr. )  .\.  ( iiay. 
Uiiyk'ss  'riu'k'spcniia.     (  l'"i>j.  3')5,v  1 

llidi'iis  i;i,tii/i\  Ton.  Aim.  I.yc.  N,  Y.  i    .-is        'H- 
I  lirl,  s/tfi  tiiii  j,inii/i'  A.  ('■ray,   Krw  Jdiiiii.  Itdl.  i:  7S2. 

|N|.|. 

l'oii'iiiii;il  Iroiii  a  (li'f|>  loot ;  stoiii  1  i^icl,  liraiK'liiMl, 
r  V'  liin'i.  ""■  liraiirlics  nearly  erect.  Leaves 
linid,  erect  or  asceiiiliii^,  2'  3'  loiiKi  I>iiiiiatcly  or 
lii|iiiiiiately  divided  into  linear  .sonnieiils,  or  tlie 
upper  linear  .'iiid  entire;  liends  (."-lo"  hroad;  rays 
usually  none,  soineliines  prrsent  and  .;"  1"  lonn; 
oilier  tracts  i}\'  the  involucre  |  <>,  olilon>;  or  ovate, 
mostly  oMuse,  very  iiincli  shorter  than  the  inner 
ones  which  are  united  to  the  ltli<ldle  or  lieyond; 
disk  yi'llow  or  hrownish;  outer  ai'lieiirs  slij^lilly 
papillose;  pappus-awns  loti)>er  thun  the  wiilth  of 
the  sninniit  of  the  acheiie. 

(Ml  (liy  plains,  Ni  ln;isUa  ami  WvniiiiiK  1"  'I'lxas, 
iKiillic'iii  MiNJcn  ami  .\ii/(iii.i.      M;ty   .\uy,. 

69.  GALINSOGA  U.  X:  1'.  I'lmlr.  IH.  IVr.  no.  />/.  ..'/.  i?')!- 
.\iinual  liianiliiiii;  herlis,  willi  oppositi',  mostly  petioleil,  dentate  or  entire  leaves,  and 
sm.'ill  |iediinclrd  heails  ol'hotli  luhular  and  radiate  Mowers,  Irrmin.'il  and  in  the  upper  asils. 
luvoliicre  hemispliei  ic  or  liro.idly  cainpanulale,  its  liracts  in  J  series,  nvatc,  oliliise,  lueiii- 
liralloils,  striate,  iie.irly  eipial,  or  the  outer  fdiorler.  Kcce|)lacle  conic  or  eloiij^.ited,  its  thin 
eliall  suhleiidinj;  tlieilisk-llowers.  Uay-lloweis  white,  jiistillale,  fertile,  the  rjiys  .1  or  s,  short. 
Disk-llowers  yellow,  jierfecl,  the  corolla  s  toothed  Anthers  minutely  sanittale  at  the 
hase.  St  vle-hraiiches  tip|ird  w  ith  acute  appeiwh^;es.  .Achenes  an^;lei|,  or  the  outer  ernes  (lat . 
I'appiis  dT  the  di'-k  llowcis  of  sever.d  slioi  I  laciniale  or  litnliri.ite  scales,  that  of  tin-  ray-llow- 
ers  of  sever. 1 1  or  few  short  slender  liristlcs,  or  none  [  N.ii  lied  ill  honor  ol  M.  M  ( ialinso^a, 
supcriiitendenl  ol  the  llot.iiiic  ("Lirdetis  al  Madrid   | 

.\linvil  s  spccii',,  iialivcs  111   lin|iic.il  and  w.iiiii  li'iii|ii  laic  .Aimtica. 


I.    Galinsofja  parvillora  C\i\ 

d'uliinui;,!  /hii  :i/l  II I II  Ca\.  Icmi.  ,{    |i.     /•/.■'>/. 
Slij^l'Mv  appressed-piilieseeul,  i"    ;'  hi^li 
tl 


C.aliiis.i);a.      (Imk'.  ?,^)^\.  ) 


l<eaves    V,  '\ 


.Tlij^l'    l\    a|i|ii  cssetl-piliiesi-eiu,    i        ,      iii^ii.         i^caven     \\      \      cfyl     (71 

thin,  iv.'ile  ot  dclloid-ov.ile,  ,^-nerved,  1'    5' Ion;;,  acute    \\^  1  i>^    /• 
.il   tin-  apex,  niosth  iihtusc   al   the   hasr-,  dentate,  the       \    n1  |W\  vf 
lower  sleiidei -petiolcd,  the  upper  short  peticdcd  or  ses- 
sile, ,iiid  snimliines  nearly  or  ipiile  entire;   lie.ids  nsii-    » 
ally  iiiiineri  •'^.  .'"    '/' hroad,  slenderpeduncled;  liracts 
ol    the    inv  c   ^lahrous   or    nearly   so,    the   outer 

shoilei;  pappus  iil  the  disk-llowers  .1  M',  oliloii^;  to 
spatiilalc,  linihriate  oliliisish  scales,  shoiler  than  the 
linely  ]iiil)csccnl  olip\  i.iniidal  acheue 

III  iliiDi  yaiiN  ami  wasli-   plairs,  c  aslnii   Massacliusi  lis 
to  I  IrcKiiii,  Noilli   laiuliiia,   Ml-snuii  and    .Mcxiiu       Nalii 
rali;ri  li  liiiiii  tiupic.il   .Xiiiciica.     liilniiliu  id   iiiln    I'linopi 
as  a  ueicl.     Jnm     Nnv 

(JaliiiMona  parvilli'iia  liisplda   In"    rmdi.c;   i,;-;.       isji, 

I'lilii  s.ciu  I  imiH-  aliMinlaiil.  r'.|iiii.illv  alidvc,  !,pii  .iclinn. 
p^ippO'"  ol  lllr  illsk  llnw(  IS  altc'iui.ili'.  Illlslli  tipped  III 
V  tc  placc-i,  KIkmIc  Isl.iiil  111  I'liiiisylvaiiia,  N'mlh  l^'.iin 
liiia  ami  Wisciiiciii 

70.    ACTINOSPliRMUM    i;il.  Hnl.  S.  C.  .\i  t.a.  2:  .ppS.      i,Sj.|. 

I  11  Mini  \  \  Null  ('■en  ■:  17s  I''^l'^  Snl  /•il/i/.i'illUI  \ili{.  I'.  iSiS.  I 
.Annual  or  perennial, simple  or  Iirancheil,  erei  I  herhs,  with  alteiuale  entire  narrow  punclate 
leaves,  and  larjje  terminal  heads  ol  holh  tiihiil.ir  and  radiate,  yellow  (lowers,  or  those  of  flu- 
disk  purplish.  Involucre  hemisplierii-,  itssmall  liracts  iinliricated  in  several  si-ries,  appressed, 
or  wilh  spr'-adiii);  lips,  the  outer  shorter  Keecplaele  convex,  deeply  honeycoiiilied,  challV, 
the  persistent  chall  coriaeeons  or  carlila^;iuoiis,  laterally  united,  snlitcndinn  the  disk-flowers. 
Kays  lar^e,  neutral,  toothed  liisk  llowers  perfect,  fertile,  the  coro'.la  ,■;  toothed,  .\iithers 
sajiiltate  at  the  hase.  .Style-hranchcs  with  truiicale  siihnl.ite  tips.  ichenes  Inihinatc-,  silky- 
villous.  I'appiisof-;  12  scarions  ni-arlv  eipial  scales.  |('>rei-k  ray-seid  ) 
Two  kiiiiwii  ipcciis.  iMliM's  «l   tUii  Miiillic.i'.lriii  I  Hill  d  .stales. 


mtft^^^lvff^^f^MUJjrt  t».i.i" 


•<»i;\i  s 


1 


'nilSTI,!';    I'AMII.V. 


443 


iH.- 
I .   I :  VSI. 


Mf 


I.    Actinosperinum  iiniflorum   (Niitt.)  Huiii- 
liarl.    ( >iii-lu'ii(k'(l  A(tiiit)S|)(.'rmuiii.    (  Im^j.  ,V'.S5- ) 

lliilidiiiiii  iiin//f<iii  Null.  Crtl.  J-  175.       iSiS. 

.-1.  nil  If/:  II  mil  Haiiiliail.  Hull.  Tnir.  Chili,  i4   -|ii.       '^'ir- 

Stem  sldul,  |)iil)pnilciit,  siiii|>lc,  or  with  .<  frw  oiofl 
liniinlifs,  I"  V'  liiKli-  l.favf-i  lliicU,  spaliilMU-  linear  or 
tlic  ii|))i('r  liiu'iir,  sessile,  »Mi-il  or  iiseeiiijiiin,  1'  .•'  lotij;, 
tile  lower  .'"-\"  wiile;  lieiids  loiij;-|)eiliiiirle(l,  solilarv, 
2'  2',. '  liioad;  liraels  of  the  iiivoliiere  ovate,  iieiiiiiiiiiite, 
lliiik,  llieir  lips  at  leiinlli  siireailin^;;  rays  »'o  ,v>.  eiiiieate. 
,^  (-tootlieil  Ml  the  Iriiiiealeapfx;  ili.sk  s"  1  i"  liroail;  ehall 
of"  the  re(e|itaiU-  cimeate,  Inituiile,  vcrv  l•arlila^;in"us, 
more  or  less  united  iMlenillv,  the  siiiiiinit  eroded;  ai  heiies 
ohcoilie;  i>a]i|iiis  ol'  7  <)  ohlon^;  seales  jdiiiiit  as  loil^;  as 
the  at  lu'iie. 

Ill  wcl  piiif  liaiieiis,  Virginia  1  aiiiiidlii>f  In  'roiit\  and 
Cray),  Niiilli  Cariilina  1(1  l'"liiii<la  anil    l.diiisiaii.i.     Jnly  .Sipl. 

71.    MARSHALLIA  Siliivh.  (un. 

I'eremiiiil,  olleii  tiilled,  simple  or  liiaiiihed,  nearly  ulaliroiis  lierhs,  with  hasal  or  alter- 
nate, entire  leaves,  .tlid  l-n>;e  lon^;  pedninled  ili-iioid  heads  of  piiiple  pinU  or  white,  f^l.iiidil- 
lar-puliesieiit  lliiwcis.  Iiuolnere  heinispheric  01  hroadly  eampaniil.ile,  its  lir.iels  in  I  or  i 
series,  hrrhaieons,  narrow,  nearlv  eipial.  Uei'eptaide  eonvex  or  at  length  eonie,  elially,  the 
Slides  narrow,  riv;i<l,  ilislinii.  Kays  none.  iMowers  all  iierleil  and  fertile,  their  eorollas 
with  a  ilee|ilv  .s-lohed  or  .vparted  eampannlatc  linih  and  a  slender  tiihe.  Anthers  ininnlely 
saj.;ilt.itr  at  the  hase.  Style-hranelies  linin,  triiiieale.  ,\<  lielieH  tiiihiii.ite,  s-rililied  and  ,s- 
aiiKlc<l.  I'.i|)])iis  of  5  or  '>  aente  or  aciiiniiiate,  ovate  or  laneeolate-deltoid,  neaily  entire 
scah's.      I  Sained  lor  llninphrey  M.irsliall,  of  I'eiinsylvania,  liolaiiiial  author.  | 

Imiim  known  s|i(iits,  natives  nt  tin-  sniiilni  11  and  iiiilial  I'liiliil  .Slair-,. 


I7S.) 


,l\'rs  ii\  ,(li 
iivc  s  Imi  a 


II   iiv.d,   1)1    iiv.lt   I.UIi'ri 

(II  tin    has.d  ripatnlati 


lali',  tlilii,    s  nil  \ 
.  Ihii  k. 


il. 


.1/    // 1  itf'i  .  ■ 

M    ,,u■^|l|l■• 


I.    Marshallia  trinervia  (W.ilt.)  I'oilcr. 
Mni:iil-U'avc<l  Marsli.illia.      (  !mh-  .^'),S''- > 

.\lhiiihi\iii  II  inn  rill  Wall.  I'M.  I'ai.  -.'ui.       17.S.^. 

M,ii  \liii!li,i  l.ilitoli,!   I'liisli,   I'l.  .\in.  Sipl,  .',1'),       1^1  |. 


I'liilri,    Mini     'I'liii.  I'lnli,   5.    ((7 
I   litlle   Inaiiehed,  leafy  to  or   lievoild 


M,ii  \li,il!i,i    II  iiif 

IS., I 

Stem  simple,  1 
the  inidille,  1"  1  \\\\^\\.  I,e,ives  thin,  those  of  the 
stem  ovate,  oval,  or  ovate  laneeolate,  ■,-iiirved,  aente 
or  .ii'limir  te  at  the  apex,  narrowed  to  a  sessile  liase, 
-•'  ;'  loii^;,  1)"  is"vviile;  heads  !..'  1'  liroad,  eorolla 
purplish;  hraels  id"  the  involinre  lincardaiieeolale, 
aiiite,  ri^id;  chafr  of  the  r4'eeptaile  siilmlate-liliform; 
pappus  scales  laneeolate-aeiiniinate  from  a  trianf.;nlar 
hase;  in  heiies  ^jlaliroiis  wllell  niatnre. 

In    ili\    ■•■il.    Niiniiiia    In    ,\l.iliaina 
May   jnni  . 


Mill     Mi-. 


ippi. 


2.   Marshallia  cacspitosa  Null.     Naiiow- 
IravL'd  Mar.sli.illia.      (  Imk.  ,i').S7.  ) 

,1A;/ v//, ;///,:  (K^i/i//.. 11/  Null.;   DCI'imli    S'''^".       '^.V'- 

.Stems  iisiialU'  Infted  and  simple,  soinelimes  spar- 
iiij^ly  Imiiii  lied,  lealv  either  only  near  the  hase  or  to 
lieyond  the  middle,  S'  if,'  liiKh.  Leaves  I hicdc,  faintly 
i-nerved,  the  hasal  ones  spaliilale,  or  linear  s])ali!late, 
ohtiise,  those  near  the  h.ise  iisiiallv  min  h  lon),;er  and 
linear,  soiiietinies  |'  loiij.;  and  ("  wide,  the  upper  oni'S 
linear,  inutisli,  shorter;  head  alioiil  1'  liio.id,  home  on 
a  |)eiliiiiili'  olleii  in'  lout;,  eorollas  pale  rose  or  white; 
hraelsof  the  invohiere  liin  ar-lanreolate,  aeiile  or  aciit- 
ish;  (  lial-  ol  Ihe  reeeptaile  linear,  or  sli^htlv  dilated 
ahove;  ae In  lies  villous  on  Ihe  aiij;les;  sralesol  the  p  ip- 
])ns  ovale,  aentish,  eipiallinn  or  Iriii^.;er  than  the  ailieiie 
In  (liy --iiil,  Kansas  to  frN.is.     May  Jiiiii-. 


444 


(.■<)MI't)SITAI>;. 


[Vol..  III. 


72.    PSILOSTROPHE  DC.  Prodi.  7;  261.     18.^8. 
[Kiimia.MA   Null.  Trans.  Am.  I'liil.  Sor.  (II;  7:   -,71.       iH^i.] 

Hranclii'd  imiiu:il  or  pi-rcnniiil  woolly  liurbs,  ofu-ii  nearly  j;l.il)roiis  wlicMi  olil,  will;  altur- 
nalc  leaves,  and  niidillu-si/cil  lii-ads  of  both  liilmlar  and  radiate  yellow  llowcrs,  i  oryndjose, 
or  clustcri'd  at  the  ends  ol'  the  br.inilies.  Involucre  cyliiidraceous,  its  bracts  .;  id  in  i  series, 
narrow,  e(|ual,  densely  while-woolly,  se])  irale,  but  erect  and  connivcnt,  eointnonly  with  1-4 
scarions  ones  within,  and  occasionally  a  narrow  outer  one.  Kays  broad,  bcconiin;;  ])ai)ery 
and  whitish,  ])ersistenl,  s  7-nerved,  2-3-toolhcd,  pislillato.  Receptacle  small,  n.ikcd.  Disk- 
(lowcrs  perfect,  fertile,  their  corollas  with  a  short  ])roper  tube  and  elon).;aled  cylindraceous 
limb,  s-tooihcd,  the  leeth  glandular-bearded.  Anthers  obtuse  and  entire  at  llie  b.isc.  .Stvlc- 
br.iiuhes  of  the  disk-llowers  c,i|)ilellalc.  .Xchenes  linear,  striate.  I'appus  of  4-0  nerveless 
acute  scales,  }»labr<ins  or  villous. 

Three  species,  natives  of  thi-  si)\illiwt  stcni  riiilcd  .Slates  .mil  nnrlluiii  Me.vicn. 


^ 


r>.  •■'i^-?f.">l.'^-^ 


I.    Psilostrophe  Tagetinae  (Niilt.) 
Kuiit/,e.     I'silostrojiliL-.     (Kij;.  395s, ) 

h'iildfllui    V'm'rtinar  Null.  Tiaiis.  Am.  I'hil.  Sue.  (Ill 

7:.i7i.       i.Sii. 
/'si/iis/ti>f>/ti-  '/',ij,'i/iiiae  Kmti/i:,  Kev.  Cieii.  IM.  .is8.   1891. 

Perennial,  branched,  6'-2''  IukIi,  loosely  white- 
woolly,  or  at  length  nlabro\is.  liasal  and  lower 
leaves  spatidate,  entire,  ilentale  or  rarely  pinnalilid, 
mostly  obtuse,  2'  Y  lonj;;  ujiper  leaves  sessile,  or 
nearly  so,  smaller,  linear,  or  spatulate,  usually 
entire;  heads  several  loj;ethcr  in  the  (lusters,  '2' 
i'  broad,  short-pcdunclcd;  rays  few,  commonly  as 
wide  as  long,  with  2  or  3  broad  teeih  or  lobes  at 
Ihe  summit;  achents  glabrous,  or  sparingly  pubes- 
cent; pappus-scales  lincar-lanccolalc  toolilong-lan- 
ceolate,  glabrous,  shorter  th.in  the  disk-corollas. 

Ill  dry  sandy  soil.  Kansas  aii<l  Colmado  tu  'I'l  x;is  and 
Ari/.(iii,i.     June   Sijit. 

73.  FLAVERIA  Jiiss.  Gen.  I'l.  i.s6.  1789. 
("dabrous  or  minutely  pubcrulcnt,  light  green,  mostly  animal  herbs,  with  ojiposile  sessile 
entire  or  serrate  leaves,  and  small  i-severalilowcred,  usually  sessile,  oblong  and  densely 
cymose-capilalc  lieails  i'^f  tubular,  or  both  tubular  and  radiate  yellow  or  yellowish  (lowers. 
Involucre  of  2-5  narrc a-,  nearly  cijual,  appressed  bracts,  sometimes  with  i  <ir  3  aildilional 
small  exterior  ones.  Receptacle  small,  naked.  Kay-flower  eommonly  1,  pistillate,  fertile, 
sometimes  wanting  Diskllowers  i-i,s,  i)crfect,  fertile,  their  corollas  5-toollicd  .\nlhers 
entire  at  the  base.  Style-branches  of  the  disk-dowers  Irunc.ite.  .\cheiics  olilong  or  linear- 
oblong,  S   lo-ribbed.     I'appus  none.     [I.atin,  /IdiHs,  yellow,  from  its  dyeing  properties.] 

.Mxiiit  7si)ecics,  natives  of  the  wanner  pailsol  .America.     In  .iddition  Id  llie  lollowiMK   ;,  ■■tlu  is 
occur  in  tlie  smillieni  liiiteil  .States. 

I.    Flaveria  angustifolia  (Cav. )  Pcis. 
Narrow- leaved  Plaveria.     (Fi^-  ,i95y- ) 

.'i/Jltn  id  aiii;ii\lif,ilia  C:w.  Icon.  3:  1.'.   ftl.jj;.       1794. 
I''la:fiia  iiii^usli/i<lia  I'ers.  Syii.  2:489.      1)507. 

.Annual,  glabrous  or  very  nearly  so,  erect,  1'  -i^  I'igh, 
little  branched.  Leaves  linear  or  lanceolate,  serrulate 
or  entire,  3-nerved,  acuminate  or  acute  at  the  ape.\, 
sessile  bya  bro.id  ;ind  somewhat  clasping  base,  i'-2'j' 
long,  2"-\"  vi\\\v\  heads  about  \"  high,  closely  ses- 
sile in  terminal  glomerules  or  these  pedunculate  from 
the  upper  a.\ils;  involucre  usually  of  3  oblong-lanceo- 
late bracts,  2  5  llowered;  ray  equalling  or  longer  than 
the  breadth  of  the  disk ;  achenes  linear,  glabrous,  about 
i.'i'Mong. 

Ill  .ilkaline  soil,  Kansas  and  Cnliiradii  to  Tex.i-,  .Mexico 
and  New  Mi  xic(j.     .\iig()el. 


Gi;m  s  ;.;. 


THISTM';   1-AMIIA'. 


445 


74.  HYMENOPAPPUS  I/Hlt.;  Miclix.  I<1.  Hor.  Am.  2:  10;,.  1.S03. 
I'tTL-niiial  or  l)ieiiuial,  erect  lierbs,  witli  aiiKk'<l  stems,  iiltcrtiate  or  Imsal,  mostly  piiinatiful 
or  dissected  leaves,  and  coryiiihose  or  solitary,  small  or  rather  larj;e  discoid  heads,  of  white 
or  yellow  llowcrs.  Involucre  hemispheric  or  broadly  campatiiilate,  its  Iiracts  6-12  in  1  or  2 
series,  nearly  e(|Ual,  mostly  appressed,  colore<l,  l)etal-lil:e,  the  margins  and  apices  scarious. 
Keceptaile  small,  naked.  Rays  none.  Disk-llowers  all  perfect  and  fertile,  their  corollas 
with  slender  lubes  and  rellcxed  or  spreading  campannlate  s-lohed  limbs,  the  lobes  ovate. 
Anthers  entire  at  the  base.  Style-branches  with  short  conic  trjipendagcs.  Achenes  obovoid 
or  obpyramidal,  .(-s-an^led,  the  faces  usually  prominently  1-3-nervcd.  I'appus  of  10-211 
thill  obtuse  scales,  sometimes  very  short  or  none.     [Cireck,  membrane-pappus.] 

.Vlidut  7  s])(ciis,  natives  of  southern  anil  central  .Nurtli  America  and  Mexico, 
llract-  iif  till   involucre  broadly  ovale  or  oval,  bright  while.  i.  //.  Ciiiii/iiii'iitit. 

linicl'.  obdvjile  to  oblonK,  Kreen  or  willi  while  tips. 
lleacN  iiunurons,  .("  6"  l)roa<l;  biennials. 
.\then(s  puberulent;  corolla  white. 
.\i  henes  (U-iisely  villous. 

riant  iflabrate,  or  loosely  woolly;  corolla  dull  while.  t,. 

I'laiU  (Iciisily  while  woolly;  corolla  yellow  ,  .1. 


Heads  few, 


12"  broad;  coniUa  yillow;  perennial. 


2.  /A  iorymhosus. 

II.  h'niii/'nliiis. 
I!,  lliivfufiis. 
%  II.  faifoliii^. 


I.    Hymenopappus  Carolinensis  rLain. 

pappus.     ( l-'ig.  .^gfio. ) 

Kiilhia  CiiiiiUiieDsis  I,ani.  Jourii.  Hist.  Nat.  i:  16. 

pi.  I.       \-t)2. 
]lymi  iiKfuipptis    sciihtD.Kaeu.f    1,'IIer. ;    Miclix.   I'l. 

Hor.  .\ni.  2:  \o.\.       iSoj. 
Jfymniiipiifipiis  Oiii'/iiieiisis  I'orter,  Mem.  Torr. 

'Club,  5:35s.      iS(|t. 

liiennial:  stem  woolly-pubescent  or  glabrate, 
leafy  below,  corymbosely  branched  and  nearly  /J* 
naked  above,  2  -.^°  hinli.  liasal  and  lower  leaves 
petioled,  .\'-(>'  lon^,  i-2-i)imiately  parted  or 
deeply  pinnatifid  into  linear  or  oblonjj,  obtuse 
or  obtusish  lobes,  more  or  less  white-tomcntose 
beneath,  green  and  glabrate  above;  upper  leaves 
few,  smaller,  sessile,  less  divided;  heads  com- 
monly numerous,  corymbose,  i>"-tn"  broad; 
bracts  of  involucre  oblong,  ovate  or  oval,  some- 
times slightly  obovalc,  thin,  bright  white,  pu- 
berulent  i>r  glabrate;  corolla-lobes  about  as  long 
as  the  thro.-it,  white;  achenes  puberulent  or  pu- 
bescent; pappus  of  very  small  nerveless  scales, 
shorter  than  tiic  width  of  the  top  of  the  achcne. 

In   dry   --aiKly    soil,    Ilbnois   to   Texas,   casl   tci 
South  Carnlina  and  I'lcirida.     .March  June. 


Porter.     Wliite-l)racte(l  Hy 


nieno- 


!a 


M.  .Ma" 


2.   Hymenopappus  corymbosus  T.  &  tl. 

Coryiiiljcd,  or  Smooth  White  Hymeno- 
pappus.    (Fig.  3<)6i.) 

llyniiiiiipappKs  do  )'"'"'>"«  'I'.  S:  ("■.   I''l.  N'.  .\.  2:  372. 

liiennial; stem  glabrons.or  nearly  so.corymbosely 
branched  and  nearly  naked  above,  1°  ;•"  high. 
I<owcr  and  basal  leaves  jietioled,  i--!piiiinitely 
parted  into  linear  or  nearly  liliform,  acute  or  acut- 
ish  glabrous  lobes,  or  somewhat  tomentose beneath; 
upper  leaves  few,  much  smaller  and  less  divided,  or 
the  nppernuist  reilnce<i  to  linear  scales;  heads  cor- 
ymbose, numerous,  .\"-(i"  broad;  bracts  of  the  in- 
volucre obovate  to  oblong,  puberulent,  their  tips 
greenish  white;  corolla  white,  its  lobes  about  as  lr>ng 
as  the  throat;  achenes  puberulent;  pappus-scales 
small,  nerveless,  shorter  than  the  width  of  the  top 
of  the  achene. 

Oil  dry  iiiairics,  Nebraska  to  Texas.     Sunimir. 


446 


COMI'OSITAK. 


[Vot.  III. 


3.   Hymenopappus  tenuifdlius  Pursh. 

Woolly  White  Hymenopappus. 

(Fig.  3962.) 

Hvnunopappus  leniiifolins  Pursh,  Am.  Sept.  7.(2. 
'1814. 

Hieiinial;  stem  lislitly  toiiientosc,  orat  length 
glabrate,  i°-2°  high,  slender,  leafy  below,  cor- 
yinbosely  branched  and  nearly  naked  above. 
Lower  and  basal  leaves  petioled,  i-;,-pinnately 
parted  into  linear  or  filiform  lobes,  woolly  pu- 
bescent beneath,  at  least  when  young;  upper 
leaves  much  smaller  and  less  compound;  heads 
numerous,  corymbose,  4"-6"  broad;  bracts  of 
the  involucre  obovate-oblong,  usually  densely 
tonientose;  corolla  white,  its  lobes  slightly 
shorter  than  the  throat;  achenes  densely  villous- 
pubescent;  pappus  of  several  oblong  to  ovate, 
ribbed  or  nerved  scales,  which  arc  about  as  long 
as  the  width  of  the  top  of  the  acliene. 

On  dry  prairies,  Nebraska  to  Texas.    Juiie-.Sept. 


4.  Hymenopappus  flavescens  A.  (iray. 

(Fig.  l^M.') 

Hymenopappus fluicsifiis X.  Gray,  Mem.  Am. Acad. 
(11)4:97.      1849. 

liienniai;  stem  densely  white- woolly,  at  least 
when  young,  i°-2'i°  high,  leafy,  branched 
above.  Leaves  1-3-pinnately  parted  or  divided 
into  linear  segments;  heads  numerous,  usually 
larger  than  those  of  the  preceding  species;  in- 
volucral  bracts  obovate  to  ovate  with  greenish 
white  margins;  corolla  yellow  or  yellowish,  the 
lobes  about  ecjualling  the  throat,  achenes  short- 
villous;  pappusscales  spatulate,  shorter  than 
the  slender  corolla-tube. 


Woolly  Yellow  Hymenopappus 


111   satuly   soil, 
northern  Mexico, 


Kansas    to   Texas,    Ari/iPiia   and 


m 


5.  Hymenopappus  filifolius  Hook.     Low 
Tufted  Hymenopappus.     (Fig.  3964.) 

Jl\nif>u<pappHs  filifolius  Hook.  I'l.  Bor.  Am.  1:  317. 

"■S3.3- 

Perennial  from  a  deep  woody  root;  stems  usually 
tufted,  woolly  when  young,  sometimes  glabrate 
when  old,  densely  leafy  toward  the  base,  usually 
naked  or  nearly  so  and  sparingly  branched  above, 
6'-kS'  high.  Leaves  tomentose  when  young,  the 
lower  and  basal  ones  petioled,  1-3-pinnateIy  parted 
ir  pinnatifid  into  narrowly  linear,  somewhat  rigid 

'les;  heads  commonly  few,  6"-i2"  broad;  bracts 
of  the  involucre  obovate-oblong,  usually  densely 
woolly,  their  tips  whitish;  corolla  yellow  or  yellow- 
ish, its  lobes  much  shorter  than  the  throat;  achenes 
densely  villous;  pappus-scales  costatc,  short 

On  prairies  and  in  dry  reeky  soil.  Northwest  Terri- 
tory to  Nebraska  and  .Vri/oiia.    June-Sept. 


Gems  75.] 


THISTLE   I'AMILY. 


447 


7)2. 


75.    POLYPTERIS  Xutt.  Gen.  2:  139.     iSrS. 

Krect  rough,  glandular  or  ciuercous,  branchiug  herbs,  with  alternate,  mostly  entire 
leaves,  or  the  lower  opposite,  and  corymbose  heads  of  tubular  or  both  tubular  and  radiate 
pink  or  purple  flowers.  Involucre  campanulate  or  obconic,  its  bracts  in  i  or  2  series,  11  tow, 
herbaceous,  nearly  equal,  or  with  a  few  e.^terior  shorter  ones,  appressed,  usually  c^  ired. 
Receptacle  small,  flat,  naked.  Kay-flowers,  when  present,  pistillate,  fertile,  the  rays  vcleft. 
Disk -flowers  perfect,  fertile,  their  corollas  with  slender  tubes  and  deeply  5-partcd  campanu- 
late limbs.  Anthers  entire  or  emarginate  at  the  base.  Style-branches  filiform,  acutish, 
glandular-pubescent  throughout.  Achenes  linear  or  narrowly  obpyramidal,  ({uadraugular. 
I'appus  of  S- 12  lanceolate  strongly  costate  scales,  that  of  the  outer  achenes  often  much 
shorter.     [Greek,  niauy-winged.] 

About  6  sptcies,  natives  of  the  southern  and  south-central  United  States  and  Mexico. 
Kays  purple,  deepljr  3-lobed;  leaves  lanceolate.  i.  P.  Hookeriana. 

Kiivs  none;  leaves  linear.  a.  /'.  callosa. 


1.    Polypteris  Hookeristna  (T.  &G.)  A.  Gray. 

(Fig-  3965-) 


Hooker's  Polypteris. 


214. 


Slevia  sfilimclala   Nutt.;  Torr.  .\nn.   I,yc.  N.  Y.  2: 

Without  description.     i8;7. 
Pala/oxia  Hookeriana  T   >c  C.  I'l.  N.  A.  2:  ,^6S.     1S42. 
Polvpleris  Hookeriana  .\.  (iray,  Proc.  Am.  .\cad.  19;  y. 

188.V 

Annual;  stem  rather  stout,  glandular-pubescent  and 
viscid  above,  i°-3°  high.  Leaves  lanceolate,  entire, 
acute  or  acuminate,  narrowed  at  the  base,  rough  on 
both  sides,  the  upper  alternate,  the  lower  opposite 
and  slendcr-petioled,  I'-i/  long,  3"  5"  wide;  bracts 
of  the  involucre  10-16,  linear-lanceolate  or  spatulate, 
glandular-hispid,  the  inner  with  purplish  tips;  ray- 
flowers  S-io;  rays  rose-purple,  deeply  ;i-cleft,  some- 
times small,  or  none;  achenes  about  4"  long  and  Y2" 
thick;  pappus-scalesofthedisk-flowers6-S,  lanceolate, 
awned,  more  than  half  the  length  of  the  achene,  those 
of  therny-flowcrs  as  many,  spatulate,  obtuse,  shorter. 

In  dry  soil,  Nebraska  to  Texas  and  Mexico.    July  .Sept. 


2.  Polypteris  calldsa  (Nutt.)  A.  Gray. 
Rayless  Polypteris.     (Fig.  3966.) 

Slevia  ea/losa  Nutt.  Journ.  .\cad.  Pliila.  2:  I2r.      1S21. 
Po/vfi/eris  callosa  \.  Gray,  Proc.  .\iii.  .\cad.   19;  30. 

.Annual,  glandular,  at  least  above;  stem  slender, 
paniculately  branched,  i°-2°  high.  Leaves  linear, 
or  linear-lanceolate,  l'-2>2''  long,  i"-2  J;."  wide, 
entire,  short-petioled,  mostly  alternate;  heads  dis- 
coid; bracts  of  the  top-shaped  involucre  S-10, 
linear  or  narrowly  oblong,  herbaceous,  pubescent, 
about  ]i'  long;  corollas  purple,  decidy  5-parted; 
achenes  narrowly  obpyramidal,  pubescent  or  gla- 
brous, nearly  as  long  as  the  involucre;  pappus- 
scales  obovate  or  nearly  orbicular,  rounded,  or 
retuse,  or  sometimes  minute,  or  none. 

In  dry  soil,  Missouri  to  Texas  and  New  Mexico. 
June-Oct. 

76.  BAHIA  Lag.  Gen.  et  vSp.  Xov.  30.  1S16. 
Herbs  or  shrubs,  more  or  less  woolly,  with  opposite  or  alternate  leaves,  and  small  or 
rather  large,  corymbose  or  solitary  heads,  of  both  tubular  and  radiate,  yellow  flowers.  In- 
volucre campanulate  or  hemispheric,  its  bracts  in  i  ora  series,  herbaceous,  obtuse,  appressedi 
nearly  ecjual.  Receptacle  small,  nearly  flat,  naked,  foveolate.  Ray-flowers  in  i  series,  pis- 
tillate, fertile.     Disk-flowers  perfect,  fertile,  their  corollas  with  campatmlatc  or  cylindric, 


44'^ 


COMPOSITAE. 


[Vol..  III. 


S-cleft  limb,  .\iithers  entire  or  cmarginatc  at  the  base.  Style-tips  mostly  truncate  and  ob- 
tuse. .Achcnes  (juadrangular,  linear  or  oblong.  Pappus  of  several  nerveless  or  costate 
scales,  rarely  none.     [Named  for  J.  1".  Halii,  Professor  of  Botany  at  Barcelona.] 

.Vbout  i<)  spicies,  natives  of  wosti-rn  North  Amcric^i,  Mexico  anil  Cliili .     Besides  the  foUowiiiK, 
some  III  others  occur  in  tlie  western  parts  of  North  America. 


Bahia  oppositifdlia  Ntitt. 
(Fig.  3967-) 


Bahia. 


'I'l  iiliophylliiin  ol'('Osili/oliiim  Nutt.  Oen.  2:  167. 

1818. 
Jlahia  opfo'sili folia  Nutt.;  T.  «:  f..  Fl.  N.  A.  J:  176. 

18.(2. 

Pcrennial.herbaceous;  Stem  densely  cinereous, 
much  branched,  4'-i2'  high,  very  leafy.  Leaves 
opposite,  or  the  uppermost  alternate,  Yz'-iYi' 
long,  palmately  2-5-parted  into  linear,  obtuse 
or  obtusish,  entire  segments,  finely  cinereous  on 
both  sides;  heads  short-pcduncled,  6"-9"  broad  I 
involucre  canipanulate,  or  becoming  hemi- 
spheric, its  bracts  oblong,  obtuse,  densely  to- 
mentosc;  rays  5-7,  short;  achencs  linear-oblong, 
glandular-pubescent;  pappus  of  4-S  spatulate 
to  lanceolate  scales  with  thickened  bases. 

Oil  plains,  Nebraska  and  Montana  to  New  Mex- 
ico.   June  Sept. 

77.  PICRADENIA  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.  Am.  i:  317.  1833. 
[AcTiNKi.r,.\  Nutt.  (1S18),  not  Pers.  (1807)  vioi  Aclinea  Juss.  (1.S03),] 
Branched  or  scaposc,  villous-pubescent  or  glabrous,  bitter  and  aromatic  herbs,  with  al- 
ternate or  basal,  often  punctate  leaves,  and  small  or  rather  large,  peduncled  heads  of  both 
tubular  and  radiate,  yellow  flowers,  or  rays  rarely  wanting.  Involucre  hemispheric,  cam- 
panulate  or  depressed,  its  bracts  imbricated  in  2-3  series,  apprepsed,  the  outer  ones  some- 
times united  at  the  base.  Receptacle  convex  or  conic,  naked.  Ray-flowers  pistillate  and 
fertile,  the  rays  3-toothed,  ,'^-lobed  Disk-flowers  perfect,  fertile,  their  corollas  with  4-5- 
toothed  limbs,  .'\nthers  entire  or  minutely  sagittate  at  the  base.  Style-branches  truncate  and 
nenicillatc  at  the  summit.  Achenes  turbinate,  ,5-10-ribbed  or  angled,  villous  or  pubescent. 
Pappus  of  5-12  thin  aristatc  acuminate  or  truncate  scales.     [Greek,  bitter  glands.] 

.\bout  20  species,  natives  of  western  North  America  and  Mexico.     Besides  the  following,  some 
ri  others  occur  in  the  western  and  southwestern  parts  of  the  United  States. 
Leaves  entire;  bracts  of  the  involucre  distinct  to  tlie  base. 
Stem  leafy,  branching;  stem-leaves  linear. 
Stems  tufted,  simple,  scapose;  leaves  basal. 

Leaves  linear  or  narrowly  spatulate,  Klabnuis  or  slightly  villous.  2.  P.  scaf>osa. 

Leaves  spatulate,  mostly  densely  silkyvillous.  3,  P.  acaulh. 

Leaves  i -^-parted  into  filiform  segments;  outer  bracts  connate.  '(.  P.  odorala. 

I.    Picradenia  linearifdlia  (Hook.) 

Britton.     F'iiie-leavecl  Picradenia. 

(Fig.  3968.) 

/fyiiieiinxys  linean'/h/ia  Hook.  Icon.  pl.//6,  1S57. 
A'clinella  '/incan/oiia  T.  &  V..  Kl.  N.  A.  2:  3S3.      1842. 

.\nnual  or  perhaps  biennial;  stem  usually  dif- 
fusely branched,  finely  hirsute,  or  glabrous,  or 
woolly  at  the  base,  slender,  6'-i5''  high.  Stem- 
leaves  narrowly  linear,  sessile,  yi'-i'A'  long,  }i"- 
\"  wide;  basal  leaves  spatulate,  often  villous, 
much  broader,  obtuse,  narrowed  into  margined 
petioles;  heads  numerous,  slender-peduncleil,  (->"- 
8"  broad;  involucre  broadly  canipanulate,  its 
bracts  oblong,  obtuse,  pubescent,  distinct  to  the 
base,  imbricated  in  about  2  series;  receptacle 
conic;  rays  6-10,  oblong;  achenes  pubescent;  pap- 
pus of  5  or  6  ovate  awned  scales. 

In  dry  soil,  Kansas  to  Loui.siana,  Te.vas  and  New 
Mexico.     May-Sept. 


I.  P.  linearir'i^lia. 


Gi;nis  77.] 


THISTLK   FAMILY. 


449 


ong,  ]'z"- 


2.    Picradenia  scaposa  (DC.) 

Britton.     Dotted  Picradenia. 

't'ig.  3969- J 

Ci'plialiiphoiii  scaposa  DC.  I'rodr.  $:  66,^.      18,^6. 
AclincUa  scaposa  Nutt.  Trans.  Am.  I'liil.  Sm-. 
111.17:379.      18.11. 

rerenuial  by  thick  roots  and  a  slender 
branching  caudex;  scapes  tufted,  slender, 
monoceplialous,  pubescent  or  glabrate,  some- 
times woolly  Ijelow,  6'-i5'  high.  Leaves  all 
basal,  or  near  tlie  base,  linear  or  narrowly 
spatulate,  entire  (rarely  somewhat  cleft), 
glabrous,  or  slightly  villous,  conspicuously 
punctate,  I'-i'/z'  long,  i"-2>^"  wide;  heads 
I'-i/i' broad;  involucre  nearly  hemispheric, 
its  bracts  often  obtuse,  densely  tomentose; 
rays  12-20;  pappus  of  about  5  ovate  or  oblong 
awned  scales. 

In  dry  soil,  Nebraska  to  Texas,  Mexico  and 
Ntw  Mexico.     May-Nov. 


3.    Picradenia  acaulis  (Nutt.)  Britton. 
Stemless  Picradenia.     (Fig.  3970.) 

Aclinella  acaulis  Nutt.  CrfU.  2:  173.      181S. 

Similar  to  the  preceding  specics.pcrennial  from 
thick  roots  and  a  stout  branched  caudex;  scapes 
tufted,  rather  stout,  or  slender,  densely  silky 
or  tomentose,  2'-^'  high.  Leaves  all  borne  on 
the  ends  of  the  branches  of  the  caudex,  spatu- 
late, entire,  obtuse  or  obtusish,  i'-2'  long,  i>2"- 
3"  wide,  densely  silky  or  villous;  heads  g'^-iS" 
broad;  involucre  hemispheric,  its  bracts  densely 
villous;  rays  10-15;  pappus  of  5  or  6,  ovate  ir 
oblong,  awned  scales. 

In  dry  or  rocky  soil,  Northwest  Territory  ti 
tana,  Nebraska,  .\rizona  and  New  Mexico.       i 
Aug. 


4.    Picradenia  odor£lta  (DC.)  Britton. 

Fragrant  Picradenia.     Limonillo. 

(Fig-  3971  •) 

Ilymenoxys  odnrala  DC.  I'rodr.  5:  661.      1S36. 
Actinella'odorata  A.  Gray,  Mem.  .\in.  Acad.  (II.)  4: 
1 01.      1849. 

Annual;  stem  much  branched,  puberulcnt,  spar- 
ingly hirsute  or  glabrous,  i°-2°  high,  leafy.  Leaves 
i'-2'  long,  1-3-parted  into  filiform  entire  somewhat 
pubescent  segments  about  %"  wide;  heads  com- 
monly numerous,  G'^-io"  broad;  involucre  cam- 
panulate,  puberulent,  its  outer  bracts  6-^,  lanceo- 
late, keeled,  acute,  united  at  the  base;  rays  7-10, 
cuneate;  pappus-scales  lanceolate,  acuminate. 

In  dry  soil,  Kansas  to  Texas,  Mexico  and  southern  California.     April-July. 

29 


45° 


COMI'OSITAK. 


[Vol..  HI. 


78.    HELENIUM  L.  Sp.  PI.  886.     1753. 

ICrcct,  inosth' l<r<itichin}{  herbs,  with  alternate,  mainly  dtcnrrcnt,  punctate  bitter  entire  or 
dentate  leaves,  and  large  peduncled  heads  of  both  tubular  and  nidiate,  yellow  or  brownish-yel- 
low flowers,  or  rays  sonietinies  wantinj;.  Involucre  broad  and  short,  its  bracts  in  i  <jr  2  series, 
linear  or  subulate,  reflcxed  or  spreading.  Receptacle  convex,  sub-globose  or  oblong,  naked. 
Kay-llowers  pistillate  and  fertile,  or  neutral,  the  rays  cuneate,  ^-s-lobed.  Disk-flowcis  per- 
fect, fertile,  their  corollas  4-5-tootheil,  the  teeth  glandular-pubescent.  Anthers  2-toothedor 
sagittate  at  the  base.  Style-branches  of  the  disk-flowers  dilated  and  truncate  at  the  ajjcx. 
.•\chenes  turbinate,  ribbed.  I'appus  of  5~.S  entire,  dentate  or  incised,  acuminate  or  aristatc 
scales.     [The  (ireek  name  of  some  plant,  from  Helenus  or  Helena.] 

.\bi)Ul  2\  spti'ics,  natives  of  North  and  Central  Anieric.i.     In  addition  to  the  folhiwiiiK.  si>inc  |8 
others  oceur  in  the  southern  and  sniitlnvesteni  parts  of  the  I'nited  States. 
Stem  leaves  oblonK  lanceolate  or  nvate-lancenlate,  dentate;  rays  fertile;  disk  yellow. 

1.  //.  aiiliiiiiimli'. 
Stem-leaves  lanceolate  or  linear-lanceolate,  mainly  entire;  rays  neutral;  disk  purple. 

2.  Jf.  nitdillot  uiii. 
Leaves  all  linear-fdiforni,  entire;  rays  fertile.                                                               3.  H,  leitititothim. 

I.    Helenium  autumnale  L.     False  or  Swamp  Stmflower.     Siieezeweed. 

(I'ig.  3972.) 

Ife'enium  a  11  tn innate  I,.  Sp.  I'l.  S^^'i.      1753. 

Perennial;  stem  pubcrulent  or  glabrous, 
rather  stout,  narrowly  winged  by  the  decur- 
rent  bases  of  the  leaves,  corymboscly  branch- 
ed above, 2°-6"  high.  Leaves  hrm, oblong,  lan- 
ceolate or  ovatc-lanccolate, acuminate  or  acute 
at  apex, narrowed  to  the  sessile  base.pinnately 
few-veined,  2'-5'Iong,  V'-z' wide,  dentate  or 
denticidate,  puberulent  or  glabrous,  bright 
green;  heads  numerous,  i'-2'  broad,  borne 
on  long  puberulent  peduncles;  bracts  of  the 
ilattish  involucre  densely  canescent;  rays 
lo-iS,  drooping,  bright  yellow,  equalling  or 
longerthan  theglobosc  yellow  disk,  pistillate 
and  fertile,  3  cleft;  achcnes  pubescent  on  the 
angles;  pappus-scales  ovate,  acuminate  or 
aristate,  often  lacerate  or  toothed. 

In  swamps  and  wet  meadows,  ynebee  to  I'lor- 
ida,  west  to  the  Northwest  Terrilnry  and  Ari/oua. 
Called  also  Yellow-star,  Ox  eye.  .\-cends  to 
2600  ft.  ill  Virginia.     .VuK-Oct. 

Helenium  autumn&le  pubescens  1  .\it.  >  Itritton, 
Mem.  Torr.  Club,  5:  33Q.      1804. 
Helenium  ptibesd'HS  K\\..  llort.  Kew.3;  .'"^r.  1789. 
Leaves  pale,  pubescent,  or  densely  canescent  beneath.     Minnesota  to  British  Columbia,  Nebraska 
and  Texas. 

2.    Helenium  nudifldrum  Nutt.     Pur- 
ple-head Sneezeweed.     (Fig.  3973.") 

Helenium  nudifloi  um   Xutt.   Trans.   .\m.    I'liil. 

•Soc.  (II.)  7:384.      iSji. 
Leplopoda  biachypoiia  T.  &  G.  Fl.  N.  A.  2:  3S8. 

I,S42. 

Perennial;  stetn  mostly  slender,  puberuient 
at  least  above,  corymbosely  branched  near  the 
summit,  i°-3°  high,  narrowly  winged  by  the 
decurrcut  leaf-bases.  Stem-leaves  lanceolate  or 
linear-lanceolate,  entire  or  sparingly  denticu- 
late, acute  orobtusish  at  the  apex,  1/4 '-3'  long, 
2"-6"  wide,  sessile;  basal  and  lower  leaves 
spatulate,  obtuse,  more  or  less  dentate,  taper- 
ing into  margined  petioles;  heads  several  or 
numerous,  I'-xYi'  broad,  on  slender  or  short- 
puberulent  peduncles;  rays  10-15  (sometimes 
wanting),  drooping,  yellow,  yellow  with  a 
brown  base,  or  brown  throughout,  j-toothed, 
neutral,  or  with  rudimentary  pistils,  sterile, 
equalling  or  exceeding  the  brown  or  purple 
globose  disk;  pappus-scales  ovate,  aristate. 

In  moist  soil,  Missouri  and  Illinois  to  Texas, 
east  to  North  Carolina  and  Florida.  Also  near 
Philadelphia,  where  it  is  apparently  naturalized  from  the  south.    June-Oct. 


/ 


v 


GKNIS7S.]  TIIISTI.IC   I'AMIIA'. 

3.    Helenium  tenuifolium  Xiitt. 

(I'iK-  3974-) 


I"ine-leave(l  Sin.(./i.'UX'ecl. 


J[ileiniim  leiiiii/'oliiiin  NiiU.  Jijiiim 
7: 66.       1834 


rliil.   AiiKl. 


Animal;  ^;l.il)roiH  or  tiiiiiutfly  puliesceiit 
above;  stem  sk'iKli'r,  very  leafy  and  usually 
imuli  branched,  ^S'-24'  liiK'i-  Leaves  all  lin- 
ear-filiform, entire,  sessile,  often  fascicled,  U'- 
I'/z'  long,  'j"  or  less  wide;  heads  several  or 
numerous,  corynihnse,  9"-l5"  broad,  liorne  on 
slender  or  filif.'rin  peduncles;  bracts  of  the  in- 
volucre {p\\ ,  linear  or  subulate,  soinelinics  pu- 
bescent, aooii  rellexed;  rays  i-S,  fertile,  3-4- 
tootlicd,  at  length  drooping,  longer  than  the 
globose  disk;  aclienes  villous;  ])appus-scalcs 
ovate,  tipped  witli  slender  awns. 

In  niiii>;t  '.oil,  siiullKasterti  VirKii'ia  tn  IHnrida, 
Missouri,  Arkansas  and  TiNas.     AUB.-t->ct. 


79.   GAILLARDIA  Foug.  Mem.  Acad.  vSci.  Paris,  1786:  5.  />/.  /,  3.       1786. 

llranching  or  scapose,  more  or  less  pubescent  herbs,  with  alternate  or  basal  leaves,  and 
large  peduncled  heads  of  both  tubular  and  radiate  flowers,  or  rays  wanting.  Involucre  de- 
pressed-heniispheric,  or  Hatter,  its  bracts  imbricated  in  2  or  3  series,  their  tips  spreading  or 
rertcxed.  Recei>lacle  convex  or  globose,  bristly,  finibrillate  or  nearly  naked.  Kays  cuneate, 
yellow,  purple,  or  parti-colored,  neutral  or  rarely  ]>istillate,  3-tootlic(l  or  3-lobed.  Disk-flow- 
ers perfect,  fertile,  their  corollas  with  slender  tubes  and  5-toothed  limbs,  the  teeth  pubescent 
with  jointed  hairs,  .\nthers  minutely  sagittate  or  auricled  at  the  base.  Style-branches 
tipped  with  filiform  or  short  appindages.  Achenes  turbinate,  5-rit)bed,  densely  villous,  at 
least  at  the  base.  I'appusof  6  12,  i-nervetl  awncd  scales,  longer  than  the  achenc.  [Named 
for  M.  GaiUard  de  Marentonncau,  a  I'rench  botanist.] 

About  12  species,  natives  of  the  soutli  central  part  of  tlie   I'nited  States,  and  Mexico,   i   in 
soutliern  South  Americ.i.     .\11  tlie  foUowiuK  called  in  Te.\,is  lUaiikel  flower. 
Stem  leafy:  style-tips  with  lilifonn  hispid  ai)pen(Ui(res. 

l'"inibrillac  of  the  receptacle  obsolete,  or  short;  southern.  i.   G.  lauceotala. 

Kiiiibrillae  subulate  or  bristle  like,  lucjstly  longer  than  the  achenes. 

Rays  yellow;  finihrillae  excecdinn  the  achenes.  2.   G.  ai  islala. 

Kays  purple,  or  red  at  base;  fnnhrillae  about  eiinalling  the  achenes.  t,.  G.  pulchella. 

Leaves  basal;  style  tips  with  short  naked  aj)pcndas?es;  rays  none,  or  few.  4.   G.  suavis. 


I.   Gaillardia  lanceolata  Michx. 
Sweet  (Vaillardia.     (Fig.  3975.) 

Gaillanlia  lanceolala  Mielix.  Fl.  lior.  Am.  2:  i.|2. 
iSo.v 

.\iinual,or  perhaps  perennial;  stem  pubcrulent 
with  jointed  hairs,orcinereous,  usually  branched, 
1  j2°-3''  high,  the  branches  straight,  nearly  erect. 
Stem-leaves  sessile,  spatulatcor  linear,  entire  or 
sparingly  serrate,  pubcrulent,  ciliolate,  acute  or 
obtusish  and  mucronulateat  the  apex,  narrowed 
to  the  base,  i '-3' long,  z"-!''' wide;  basal  leaves 
broader,  very  obtuse,  soinetinics  short-i)etiolcd; 
heads  i' -2' broad,  long-peduncled;  flowers  sweet- 
scented;  bracts  of  the  involucre  about  equalling 
the  violet  disk;  rays  S-12,  yellow  or  reddish  with 
darker  veins, rarely  none;  style-tips  with  filiform 
hispid  appendages;  achenes  villous  at  the  base, 
or  to  beyond  the  middle;  fimbrillae  of  the  recep- 
tacle short  or  none;  awns  of  the  pappus  slender. 

In  dry  woods,  Kansas  to  Te.\as,  cast  to  South 
Carolina  and  h'lorida.     May -Sept. 


[■ 


452 


COMl'OSlT.M': 


[Vor..  III. 


2.   Gaillardia  aristata  Ptirsli.      Great- 

llowcred  ( laillardia.  (  Imr.  3976.1 
liaillaniiaai  hiala  I'tirsh,  I'l.  Am.  Sept.  S'i-  i^i4- 
rcreiitiial;  stem  simple,  or  little  brniiched, 
hirsute,  or  dciisi-ly  piihescL'iit  with  jointed 
liairs,  I '-3'  hi){h.  Leaves  firm,  densely  and 
llnoly  puhescent,  the  lower  and  basal  ones  peti- 
ok-d,olilonj,'or  spatulalc,  laciiiiate,  piniiatifulor 
entire,  mostly  obtuse,  2'-$'  lon>»;  upper  leaves 
sessile,  lanceolate,  or  oblonfj,  or  slightly  spat- 
iilate,  smaller,  entire  or  dentate,  rarely  pin- 
natil'id;  heads  1 'j'-.i'  bronil,  lonK-peduncled; 
bracts  of  the  involucre  lanceolate,  acuminate, 
liirsute;  rays  lo-iS,  yellow;  style  tips  with  tili- 
form  appendages;  fimbrillac  of  the  receptacle 
mostly  lonj^er  than  the  achenes,  which  are 
villous  at  least  at  the  base. 

On  plains  and  ])rairics,  Minnesota  In  tlu'  Noitli- 
west  Tirritciry  and  liritisli  Columbia,  sdutli  to 
Colorado  and  Niw  Mexico.  Leaves  soinetitnes 
all  basal,     .May-Sept. 


3.    Gaillardia  pulchella  Foiig. 
vSliouy  Gaillardia.     (Fig.  3977-) 

Giiilhtrdiii   t^iiUhclla   Foug.    Mem.  Acad.   Soi. 
I'aiis.  1786.  5.      17S6. 

Annual;  dilTiiscly  branched  at  the  base,  the 
branches  asceudiiif;.  6'-l5'  hi^jli,  or  larger  in 
cultivation,  more  or  less  hirsnteor  pubescent 
with  jointed  hairs.  Leaves  lanceolate,  ob- 
long, or  the  lower  spatulate,  l'-3'  long,  en- 
tire, dentate  or  siuuate-pinnatifid,  all  but  the 
lowest  sessile;  heads  i'-3'  broad,  long-pc- 
duncled,  bracts  of  the  involucre  lanceolate, 
acuminate,  hirsute  or  pubescent;  rays  10-20, 
red  or  purple  at  the  base,  yellow  toward  the 
apex;  style-tips  with  fdiform  hispid  appen- 
dages; timbrillae  of  the  receptacle  equalling 
or  scarcely  longer  than  the  achenes,  which 
are  more  or  less  villous,  or  glabrous. 

In  dry  soil.  NL'braska  and  Missouri  to  Louisi 
ana,  Mexico  an<t  .\rizona.     May-.Sept. 


4.    Gaillardia  su£lvis  (A.  Gray)  Britt.  & 
Rusby.     Rayless  Gaillardia.     (Fig.  3978.) 

.■t,Q:assi~ia  stiavis  A.  (Iray,  I'roc.  Am.  .'Vcad.  i:  49.      1846. 
GdiUan/ia  .5/w/>/^.r  Sclieele,  Linnaea,  31:  160.      1849. 
Oaitlaiilia  stiazis  Hritl.  &  Rusby,  Trans.  N.  Y.  Acad. 
Sci.  7:11.      1887. 

Annual  or  biennial.  Leaves  in  a  basal  tuft,  or  a 
few  near  the  base  of  the  slender  pubescent  scape, 
spatulate  or  obovate  in  outline,  2'-6'  long,  pinuati- 
fid,  dentate,  or  some  of  thetn  entire;  scape  I'-a" 
high,  monocephalous;  head  about  i'  broad  with 
the  odor  of  heliotrope,  globose  in  fruit;  rays  none, 
or  short  and  pistillate,  or  a  few  of  them  longer  and 
neutral;  bracts  of  the  involucre  oblong  or  lanceo- 
late, sparingly  pubescent;  fimbrillae  of  the  recep- 
tacle obsolete;  style-appendages  short,  naked; 
achenes  densely  villous;  pappus-scales  broad,  their 
awns  very  slender. 

In  dry  rocky  soil,  Kansas  to  Texas.    April-June. 


(il'NI  S  Sii.] 


TinSTI.Iv    l-AMll.Y. 


453 


80.  DYSODIA  Cav.  Ann.  Cient.  Nat.  6:  ;,;,4.  i8oi--\ 
llrect  <ir  iliffiise,  liraiichiiin.  mostly  annual,  stroiijj-sccntcd  inure  or  less  ).;lanilular  lierlm. 
witli  "")|)osile  or  allernnte,  mostly  tlnely  (lis-iecteil  leaves,  and  small  ]ieilunclcil  lieadsof  liotli 
tiihi  ar  and  radiate  yellow  llowers.  Involucre  cylindrU",  cai'ipanulatc  or  nearly  liomisplicrir, 
its  bracts  in  i  series,  united  into  a  cup,  usually  with  a  few  small  additional  outer  ones,  ke- 
ceptacle  (lat,  pubescent,  or  covered  with  short  bristles.  Kay-tlowers  pislill  ite,  the  rays 
short.  Disk-flowers  perfect,  their  corollas  5-tootlied.  Anthers  entire  or  miiuiti  ly  j-toothed 
at  the  base.  Style-branches  of  the  disk-Howers  elon>;ated,  hirsute,  somclime^  apiculate. 
.Vchenes  narrowly  obpyramidal,  ,^  ,s  anKle<l.  striate.  I',i).j)us  of  about  ii'  scaU-s,  paited  to  be- 
yond the  middle  into  nuinerous  capillary, rather  still,bristle-likc  se^jinents.  [tirei  k,  iHsmell.  ] 
About  IS  species  natives  of  the  soutliceiitral  liiiud  Slate-  iiiul  of  Mexicii.  Ili -i.li  -  the  fol- 
Idwiiijf,  2  (itliirs  (iciur  in  the  soulliwistcrn  l'nite<l  Statis. 


A.  S.  Hitchcock 

(KiR.  3979. ) 

1 81 » 1. 


1.    Dysodia  pappdsa  (\ent. 

Dog-fennel. 

Tageles  pnpfosa  Vent.  Ibirt.  Cels.    />/.   , 
litirbcta  chiyujiilhciiiKiilcs  WilWl   Sp.  I'l.  3:  2125.      i^'l 
/'ViiHtiit  (■':>  v.uiiillitiiioi(if^\,iiV.  tUnvlSi).  Nov.21)      iSKi. 
/'.  papposa  ilitclic.  Trans.  St.  I.ouis  Acad.  5:  snv     \^\\. 

.\iiiuial,  very  leafy,  j,'labroiis  or  finely  pubescent, 
^land-dotted,  niuch  branched, 6'-i.^'  hijjh,  the  branches 
diffuse  or  erect.  Leaves  ojiposite,  sessile,  or  short-peti- 
oled,  yi'-i'i'  lon^,',  pinnatcly  parted  into  linear  or 
slightly  spatulate,  sharply  serrate  or  incised  segments; 
heads  numerous,  short-pcdunded,  3"-5"  broad;  invo- 
lucre caiii])anulate,  of  ,S-ui  appresscd  oblong  obtuse. 
green  or  purplish,  glabrous  or  ciliate  bracts,  with  sev- 
eral narrow  .shorter  outer  ones;  rays  few,  not  longer 
than  the  width  of  the  disk;  receptacle  and  achencs 
pubescent. 

.■\loiiK  streams  and  roadside-.  Ohio  to  Miniusota  and 
Nebraska,  south  to  I.ciuisiaiia.  Mexi -o  and  .Arizona.  t)c 
casionally  found  as  a  weed  in  waste  places  in  the  ICastern 
ami  Middle  .Sl.ites,  aiul  in  Ontario.     july-Oit. 


81. 


I'V'tid  Mari^jold.      False 


THYMOPHYLLA  Lag.  (ien.  ct  Sp.  Xov.  25.       18 1(.. 
[Hy.mi.n ATiiKKLM  Cass.  Bull.  Soc.  Philoiji.  1817:  12.      1S17.] 

Annual  or  perennial  herbs,  some  species  low  undershrubs,  with  gland-dotted  foliage  and 
involucre,  alternate  or  opposite  leaves,  and  small  heads  of  both  tubular  and  t.idiate,  mostly 
yellow  llowers.  Involucre  canipanulate,  its  principal  ))racts  united  into  a  cup,  somelinies 
■with  smaller  outer  ones.  Receptacle  naked,  or  finibrillate,  not  chaffy.  Kay-flowers  pistil- 
late, fertile.  Disk-flowers  perfect,  fertile.  .Style-branches  truncate  or  blunt.  .Vchenes  stri- 
ate. Pappus  of  several  or  numerous  scales  or  bristles,  [(ireek,  thyme-leaf,  not  applicable 
to  the  following  .species.  J 

About  l.s  species,  natives  of  .Anicrici.  Bisidi-  the  fullowing.  sonic  (  other-  nccui  in  tin-  wc-t- 
ern  parts  of  the  I'liitcd  .States. 

I.    Thymophylla  aurea  (A.  dray) 
Greene.     Thyme-leaf.     (Fig.  3'^8o.) 

Louellia  aiiica  \.  ("iray,  Mem.  .\ni.  .■\cad.    II    4:91. 

IJvtiietialliri  inn  niiifiiiii  .\.  t'.rav,  I'roi-.  .\in.  .Acad.  19: 

')2.       INS.V 

.\niiual,  glabrous,  .\'-\2'  high,  much  branched; 
the  leaves  and  involucre  with  large  oval  oil-glands. 
Leaves  alternate,  or  the  lower  opposite,  sessile,  or 
nearly  so,  very  deeply  parted  into  5-1)  linear-fili- 
form, mostly  entire,  blunt  segments;  heads  nu- 
merous, corymbose,  o"-io"  broad,  terminating 
the  branches;  involucre  about  '-,"  high,  its  bracts 
acute;  rays  about  12.  2>2"-.>"  long;  pappus  of  6-S 
erose  truncate  scales,  somewhat  longer  than  the 
thickness  of  the  achene. 

Kansas  and  Colorado  to  Texas.     June  Sept. 


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454 


COMPOSITAK. 


[Vor,.  III. 


82.    PECTIS  I,.  Syst.  Nat.  Kd.  10,  2:  App.  1376.     1759. 

Annual  or  perennial,  dilTusc  prostrate  or  erect,  mostly  glabrous  lierbs,  gland-dotted  and 
strong-scented,  with  opposite  narrow  sometimes  ciliate  leaves,  and  small  usually  cymose 
heads  of  both  tubular  and  radiate  yellow  (lowers.  Involucre  cylindric,  oblong  or  canipanu- 
late,  it:-,  bracts  in  r  series,  narrow,  keeled,  distinct.  Receptacle  small,  naked.  Ray-(lowcrs 
pistillate,  the  rays  small,  entire  or  .^-lobad.  Disk-flowers  perfect,  their  corollas  with  ex- 
panded, somewhat  irregularly  5-cIeft  limbs.  Anthers  entire  at  the  base.  .Style-branches  of 
the  disk-flowers  very  short,  obtuse.  .\clicues  linear,  slightly  angled,  striate.  Pappus  of 
several  or  numerous  scales,  slender  bristles  or  awns,  sometimes  with  a  U'w  outer  smaller 
additional  ones.     [I^atin,  pcclcn,  comb,  referring  to  the  jiappus.] 

About  50  ■ipecii'S,  natives  of  the  warmer  parts  of  .\inerica.  liusides  the  folliiwinif,  about  lo 
others  occur  in  the  soulheni  and  western  parts  of  the  I'liited  .Sl.ites. 


I.  Pectis  angustitolia  ToiT.     Lemon-scented 
Pecti.s.     (Fig.  39S1.) 

Pt'clh  niifftis/i/o/i'a  Torr.  Ann.  I.yc.  N'.  V.  2:  214.       1827. 

Annual,  much  branched,  4'-l2'  hi.gh,  the  branches 
diffuse  or  ascending.  Leaves  narrowly  linear,  sessile, 
obtusisli,  J-j'-j'  long,  l"  wide  or  less,  often  ciliate  with 
a  few  bristles  near  the  base;  heads  several  or  nu- 
merous, short-pcduncled,  about  _^"  broad;  involucre 
short-cylindric  or  narrowly  campanulate,  its  bracts 
about  S,  linear,  acutish,  partly  enclosing  the  outer 
achciies;  rays  few,  j-toolhed,  or  entire;  pappus  a  crown 
of  4-6  somewhat  united  short  scales,  with  or  without  2 
slender  short  awns. 

In  dry  soil,  N'e!)raska  and  Colorado  to  Mexico  and  Ari- 
zona,    riant  willi  the  odor  of  lemons.     M.-iy-Oct. 


83.    ACHILLEA  L.  vSp.  PI.  89S.     1753. 

Herbs,  mostly  perennial,  with  erect  leafy  stems,  finely  dissected,  pinnatifid  or  serrate  al- 
ternate leaves,  and  small  heads  of  both  tubular  and  radiate  flowers,  corymbose  at  the  ends 
of  the  stem  and  branches.  Involucre  obovoid,  or  campanulate,  its  bracts  appressed,  imbri- 
cated in  few  series,  the  outer  shorter.  Receptacle  nearly  flat  or  convex,  chafTy,  the  mem- 
branous chair  subtending  the  di^k-flowers.  Ray-flowers  pistillate,  fertile,  the  rays  white  or 
pink.  Disk-flowers  perfect,  fertile,  their  corollas  yellow,  ,s-lobcd.  .Vnlhers  obtuse  and  en- 
tire at  the  base.  Style-branches  of  the  disk-flowers  truncate,  .\chencs  oblong  or  obovate, 
slightly  compressed.     Pappus  none.     [Named  for  .Vchilles.] 

About  75  species   natives  of  the  northern  lietnisphcre,  mostly  of  the  Old  World,     liesides  the 
folIowinK,  another,  or  perhaps  2  others,  occur  in  nortlnvestern  North  .\tncrica. 
Involucre  l)roa(lly  campanulate:  leaves  serrate.  i.   ,(.  Plarmiia. 

Involucre  ovoid;  leaves  finely  dissected.  2.  A.  MiUcfotiuni. 

I.  Achillea  Ptarmica  L.     Snee/ewort. 

White  Tansy.     Snee/ewort -Yarrow. 

(Fig.  5982.) 

Achiltea  Plat  mica  L.  Sp.  PI.  898.      i;,s.?. 

Perennial  from  hori/ontal  or  creeping  rootstocks; 
stem  glabrous,  or  slightly  pubescent,  nearly  or  (|uite 
simple,  r-2°  high.  Leaves  linear  or  linear-lanceo- 
late, sessile  and  slightly  clasping  at  the  base,  acute 
at  the  apex,  regularly  and  closely  serrate,  sometimes 
pubescent  on  the  veins  beneath,  \'-2\i'  long,  I'/i"- 
3"  wide;  heads  not  very  numerous,  $"-<)"  broad; 
peduncles  puberuletit;  involucre  broadly  campanu- 
late, its  bracts  ovate-oblong,  obtuse  or  obtusisli, 
slightly  tomentose;  rays  5-15,  white,  rather  large. 

In  moist  soil,  Newfoundland.  New  lirunswick  and 
Ouebec  to  Massachusetts  and  Michiifan.  Naturalized 
from  Kurope.  Native  also  of  northern  Asia.  Called 
also  (ioose-tonRue,  Wild,  Hastard  or  ICuropean  I'ellitory. 
Pair  Maid  of  prance,  Sneczcwort  Tansy.     July- Sept. 


•GEM'S  S;,.] 


THISTLE   FAMILY. 


2.  Achillea  Millefolium  L.     Yarrow. 
Milfoil.     (Fig.  3983.) 

Aihillea  Millefolium  I,.  Sp.  PI.  8(».      1753, 

Pereiiuial  from  horizontal  rootstocks;  flow- 
ering stems  pubescent,  or  nearly  glabrous, 
simple,  or  corymbosely  branched  above,  i°- 
2°  high.  Basal  leaves,  and  those  of  the  nu- 
merous short  sterile  shoots,  mostly  petiolcd, 
sometimes  10'  long  and  'i'  wide,  those  of  the 
stem  sessile,  all  narrowly  oblong  or  lanceolate 
in  outline  and  finely  dissected  into  narrow 
pinuatifid  segments,  tomentose,  pubescent 
or  nearly  glabrous;  heads  numerous,  2"-^" 
broad,  in  terminal  compound  dense,  some- 
what convex  corymbs;  involucre  ovoid,  its 
bracts  oblong,  obtusish,  pubescent;  rays  4-6, 
white,  or  often  pink  or  purple. 

In  various  situations  througlunil  North  Ainer 
ica;  in  the  cast  occurrinff  as  a  naturalized  weed, 
greiiKT  and  less  tomentose  than  the  native  west- 
ern plant,  wliicli  is  probably  specifically  dis 
Native  also  of  IJurope  and  .Asia.  Old 
anguinary,  Thousand-leaf,  Nosebleed, 

Pepper.  Soldier's  Woundwort.    June-Nov 


m^^m 


tinct 
names 
Old   Man 


84.   ANTHEMIS  L.  Sp.  PI.  893.       1753. 

Annual  or  perennial  herbs,  with  pinnatifid  or  dissected,  alternate  leaves,  and  usually 
large  peduncled  heads  of  both  tubular  and  radiate  flowers,  terminating  the  branches.  Invo- 
lucre hemispheric,  its  bracts  imbricated  in  several  series,  scarious-margined,  appressed,  the 
outer  shorter.  Receptacle  convex,  conic  or  oblong,  chaffy  at  least  toward  the  summit,  the 
chaff  subtending  the  disk-flowers.  Ray-flowers  pistillate  and  fertile,  or  neutral,  the  tube 
terete  or  2-winged,  the  ray  white  or  yellow,  entire  or  2-3-toothed.  Disk- flowers  perfect,  fer- 
tile, yellow,  their  corollas  with  5-cleft  limbs.  Anthers  obtuse  and  entire  at  the  base.  Style- 
branches  of  the  disk-flowers  truncate.  .Vchcucs  obloug,  angled,  ribbed  or  striate.  I'appus 
none,  or  a  short  coroniform  border.     [Greek  name  of  Camomile.] 

.\boul  60  species,  natives  of  Europe   Asia  and  Africa. 
Rays  white, 

Kays  neutral:  plant  glabrous,  or  nearly  so,  fetid.  1.  .1.  Colula. 

Kays  jiistillate;  plants  pubescent. 


.Annual;  clialT  of  the  receptacle  acute. 
Perinnial;  chalT  of  the  receptacle  obtuse. 
Rays  j-ellow;  plant  pubescent,  or  tomentose. 


A.  arvensis. 
.{.  )wbilis. 
A.  liiicloria. 


Mayweed. 
Dillweecl. 


'75,'v 
'837. 


fralasia. 


I.    Anthemis  Cotula  L. 

Dog's,  or  Fetid  Caiiiomile. 
(Fig.  3984-) 

Aiilhemis  Coliihi  I,.  Sp.  PI.  894. 
Jl/itiu/a  Cohila  DC.  Prodr.  6;  13. 

Annual,  glabrous,  or  sometimes  pubescent 
above,  glandular  and  with  a  fetid  odor  and 
acrid  tatte,  much  branched,  i°-2°  high. 
Leaves  mostly  sessile,  i'-2'  long,  finely  1-3- 
pinnatcly  dissected  into  narrow,  or  almost 
fdiform,  acute  lobes;  heads  commonly  im- 
merous,  about  i'  broad;  bracts  of  the  invo- 
lucre oblong,  obtuse  or  obtusish,  usually 
somcwhiit  tomentose;  rays  lo-lS,  white,  at 
length  reflexed,  neutral,  or  rarely  with 
abortive  pistils,  mostly  3-toothed;  receptacle 
convex,  becoming  oblong,  its  chalf  bristly, 
subtending  the  central  flowers;  achenes  10- 
ribbcd,  rugose  or  glandular-tubcrculate;  pap- 
pus none. 

In  fields,  waste  places  and  along  roadsides, 
all   over    North   .America  except    the  extreme 
north.     Naturalized   from   Kutope,  and  widely 
distributed  ;is  a  weed  in  .Asia,  .Africa  and  .Aus- 
other  names  are  Mather,  Dog  fennel,  Dog-fitikle,  Morgan.    Jutie-Nov. 


flir 

Us  .1 


456 


COMl'OSITAK. 


[Vol,.  III. 


2.   Anthemis  arvensis  L. 


Corn  or  Field  Camomile.     (Fig.  3985.) 

Antheniis  ai  ren.u's  I..  Sp.  I'l.  S94.      175,3, 

Annual  or  sometimes  biennial,  not  fetid;  stem 
finely  pubescent,  usually  much  branched,  about 
1°  high,  the  branches  decumbent  or  ascending. 
Leaves  sessile,  i'-,>'  long,  1-2-pinnately  parted 
into  linear  or  lanceolate  acute  lobes,  less  divided 
than  those  of  the  preceding  species  and  with 
broader  segments;  heads  coninionly  numerous, 
i'-i|^'  broad;  bracts  of  the  involucre  oblong, 
obtuse,  usually  somewhat  pubescent,  with  broad 
scarious  margins;  rays  lo-iS,  white,  pistillate, 
spreading,  mostly  2-toothed;  chaff  of  the  obtuse 
receptacle  lanceolate,  acute  or  acuminate; 
achenes  oblong,  obtusely  4-angled;  pappus  a 
mere  border. 

In  fields  and  waste  places,  Nova  Scotia  to  Vir- 
ginia, wtst  to  Michigan,  Missouri,  and  on  the  Pa- 
cific coast.     Naturalized  from  luirope.     Miiy-.'Vug. 


N^VI 


3.    Anthemis  nobilis  L.     Garden, 

Scotch,  White  or  Low  Camomile. 

(Fig.  3986.) 

Aiilliemis  nobilis  I,.  Sp.  PI.  894.      1753. 

Verennial,  pubescent,  aromatic,  much  branch- 
ed, 6'-i8'  high,  the  branches  procumbent. 
Leaves  numerous,  i''-2''  long,  finely  and  com- 
pactly dissected  into  nearly  filiform  lobes  and 
segments;  heads  about  i'  broad;  bracts  of  the 
involucre  obtuse,  pubescent,  their  scarious 
margins  broad;  rays  12-18,  white,  spreading, 
pistillate,  2-3-toothed;  chaff  of  the  conic  recep- 
tacle broad,  membranous,  obtuse;  achenes  ob- 
long, obtusely  3-angled;  pappus  none. 

Sparingly  escaped  from  gardens,  Rhode  Island  to 
Delaware  and  Michigan.  Adventive  from  liurope. 
June-Aug. 


Anthemis  tinctoria  L.      Yellow  or 
Ox-eye  Camomile.     (Fig.  3987.) 

Anlliemis  linclo)  ia  L.  Sp.  PI.  .'^06.      1753. 

Perennial,  pubescent  or  tomentose;  stem  erect, 

branched,  I  °-3°  high,  with  nearly  erect  branches. 

Leaves  sessile,    i'-,^'  long,    pinnately   divided, 

the  oblong  segments  pinnatifid  into  narrow  acute 

lobes;  heads  few  or  several,  I'-i  '2'  broad;  bracts 

of  the  involucre  oblong,  obtuse,  densely  tomen- 

^ll'?U       '\  "iJ       'os^;    '■'lys  20  30,   pistillate,  usually   2-toothed, 

''^(Ij}  \    »  L^^-i*'  I'nght  yellow  or  sometimes  paler;  chaff  of  the 

""'       f'lj    c-^--      nearly  hemispheric  receptacle  lanceolate,  acnm- 

'    '     —- ^"^    'nate,  rather  rigid;  achenes  4-angled,  somewhat 

compressed;  pappus  a  crown-like  border. 

In  fields  and  waste  places,  Maine  to  New  Jersey, 
and  locally  escaped  from  gardens.  .-Vdvenlive  from 
ICurope.     Native  also  of  .'Vsia,    June- .Sept. 


I- 


III. 


Gknis  S5.] 


THISTLE   FAMILY. 


457 


85.    CHRYSANTHEMUM  L.  Sp.  PI.  88S.       1753. 

Perennial  or  annual,  mostly  erect  and  branching  herbs,  with  alternate  dentate  incised 
or  dissected  leaves,  and  large,  usually  long-peduncled  heads  of  both  tubular  and  radiate  flow- 
ers, or  rays  rarely  wanting.  Involucre  hemispheric  or  depressed,  its  bracts  appressed,  im- 
bricated in  several  series,  the  outer  shorter.  Receptacle  flat,  convex  or  hemispheric,  naked. 
Ray-flowers  pistillate,  fertile,  the  rays  white,  yellow  or  rose-colored,  entire  or  toothed.  Disk- 
flowers  perfect,  fertile,  their  corollas  with  terete  or  2-wiuged  tubes  and  4-5-cleft  limbs.  An- 
thers obtuse  and  entire  at  the  base.  Style-branches  of  the  disk-flowers  truncate,  penicillate. 
Achenes  angled  or  terete,  5-10-ribbed,  those  of  the  ray-flowers  commonly  3-anglcd.  I'appns 
none,  or  a  scaly  cup.     [Greek,  golden-flower.] 

About  Kxi  species,  of  wide  geographic  di.stribution  in  the  northern  hemisphere.     Besides  the 
following,  2  others  occur  in  northwestern  arctic  America.     Our  species  have  white  ray-flowers. 
Heads  large,  few  or  solitary  at  the  ends  of  the  stem  or  branches. 

.Stem-leaves  linear-spatulate,  pinnately  incised;  weed.  i.  C.  Leucanlliemutn. 

Stem-leaves  cuueate-spatulale,  toothed  or  lobed  above;  arctic.  2.  C.  aicticum. 

Heads  numerous,  small,  corymbose;  plants  esciiped  from  gardens. 

Leaves  pinnatifid,  tlie  segments  incised.  j.  C.  Pai  Iheniiiiii. 

Leaves  oblong,  serrate.  \.  C.  ISahamila. 


I.   Chrysanthemum  Leucanthemum  L 

Daisy.     (Fig.  3988.) 

C.  Leiicanlhcmum  L.  Sp.  PI.  888.      1753. 
Lcucanlhemum   z'ulgare  Lam.    Fl.   I-'r.  2:  137. 

1778. 

Perennial;  stem  glabrous,  or  sparingly  pu- 
berulent,  simple  or  little  branched,  i°-3° 
high,  often  tufted,  the  branches  nearly  erect. 
Basal  leaves  obovate,  oblong,  or  spatulate, 
coarsely  dentate  or  incised,  narrowed  into 
long  slender  petioles;  stem-leaves  mostly 
sessile  and  partly  clasping,  i'-3'  long,  linear- 
spatulate  or  linear,  pinnately  incised  or 
toothed,  the  uppermost  very  small  and  nearly 
entire;  heads  few  or  .solitary,  i'-2'  broad,  on 
long  naked  peduncles;  rays  20-30,  white, 
spreading,  slightly  2-3-toothed;  bracts  of  the 
involucre  oblong-lanceolate,  obtuse,  mostly 
glabrous,  with  scarious  margins  and  a  brown 
line  within  the  margins;  pappus  none. 

In  pastures,  mciidows  and  waste  places,  com- 
mon throughout  our  area  as  a  weed,  but  less 
abundant  in  the  south  and  west.  Natundized 
from  Europe.  Native  also  of  Asia.  Other  ling- 
I'ih  names  are  Dog-.  Hull-,  Butter-,  Big-,  Slid 
•  immer-,  Moon-,  lIor.se 


White-weed.     White  or  Ox-eje 


Poorlaud- or  .Maudlin Daisy,  Dutch  Morgan,  Moon-flower.  Sloon-penny, 
Great  Wliite  Ox-eye,  Poverty-weed,  White  Man's  Weed, 
Herb-Margaret.  Rays  rarely  short  aud  tubular.  Disk 
bright  yellow.     May-Nov. 

2.    Chrysanthemum  arcticum  L.     Arctic 

Daisy.     (Fig.  3989.) 

Chiysanlhcmunt  aiclicum  L.  Sp.  PI.  889.     1753. 
Leucanthemum  arcticum  DC.  Prodr.  6:  45.      1837. 

Similar  to  the  preceding  species,  but  somewhat 
fleshy,  lower,  seldom  over  i>2°  high.  Leaves  cune- 
ate-spatulate,  iS"-3'  long,  crenate  or  cleft  at  the 
apex,  narrowed  into  a  long  tapering  entire  base,  or  the 
lower  into  slender  petioles,  slightly  clasping  at  the 
base,  the  uppermost  few,  small,  linear  and  nearly  en- 
tire; heads  solitary  or  few,  long-peduncled,  I'-a' 
broad;  rays  20-30,  white;  bracts  of  the  involucre  ob- 
long, obtuse,  brown,  or  with  broad  brown  scarious 
margins,  usually  pubescent;  pappus  none. 

Coast  of  lludscm  Bay  to  .Vlaska.  Also  in  arctic 
llurope  and  .^sia.     Summer. 


\1  K) 


458 


COMI'OSITAK. 


[Vol..  III. 


m ' 


3.    Chrysanthemum  Parthenium 

(L.  )  Pers.     Coiniiion  Feverfew. 
Featherfew.     (Fig.  3990.) 

Afa/i  icai  id  I'ai  llieninm  I,.  Sp.  I'l.  Siyi.      175,?. 
Chrysaiilluiiniiii  I'arllienium  rers.  Svii.  2:  \(yi. 
i8(.>7. 

Perennial;  stem  puberulent  or  glabrate, 
niucli  branched,  i°-2>2°  high.  Leaves  thin, 
the  lower  often  6'  lont;,  pelioled,  or  the 
npper  sessile,  pinnately  parted  into  ovate  or 
oblong,  pinnatifid  or  incised  segnictits;  heads 
numerous,  corymbose,  slender-peduncled, 
6"- 10"  broad;  bracts  of  the  depressed  invo- 
lucre lanceolate,  rather  rigid,  keeled,  pubes- 
cent, acute  or  acutish;  rays  10-20,  white,  oval 
or  obovate,  spreading,  mostly  toothed,  long- 
persistent;  pappus  a  short  toothed  crown. 

In  waste  |)laces,  New  Hruiiswick  and  Ontario 
to  New  J(.isey,  and  locally  in  the  interior,  mostly 
escaped  from  Rardens.  Naturalized  or  iidveii- 
tive  from  ICuropi-.  Called  also  Pellitoiy.  Wild 
Camomile.     Rays  v.iriable  in  Icnglli.     .Summer. 


4.    Chrysanthemum    Balsamita   L. 

Costmary.     (Fig.  3991.) 

Chivsanlhemum   liaUamila    I,.  ,Sp.  I'l.  Kd.  2, 
1252.      1763. 

Pyiellnum   Bahamila   Willd.  Sp.  PI.  3:  21  S3. 

1S04. 

Perennial,  puberulent  or  canescent;  stem 
much  branched,  2^-4°  high.  Leaves  oblong, 
obtuse,  crenatc-dentate,  \' -i'  long,  those  of 
the  stem  mostly  sessile,  and  often  with  a  pair 
of  lateral  lobes  at  the  base;  heads  numerous, 
corymbose,  slender-peduncled,  ^"-"A"  broad, 
or  when  ray  less  only  3"  broad;  bracts  of 
the  involucre  narrow,  obtuse,  pubescent; 
rays  10-15,  white,  spreading;  pappus  a  short 
crown. 

Sparingly  escaped  from  gardens,  Ohio  to  On- 
tario and  Nova  Scotia.  Native  of  the  Old  World, 
Other  Hniflish  names  are  Cost,  .Xlecost,  .Mecoast. 
Summer. 


86.  MATRICARIA  L.  vSp.  PI.  890.  1753. 
.\nnual  or  perennial,  mostly  erect  herbs,  similar  to  some  species  of  the  precedirg  genus, 
with  alternate  leaves,  dissected  into  filiform  or  narrowdy  linear  segments  and  lobes,  and  pe- 
dunded  heads  of  both  tubular  and  radiate  flowers,  or  rays  wanting  in  some  species.  Invo- 
lucre hemispheric,  its  bracts  appressed,  imbricated  in  few  series,  the  outer  sho- '  .  Re- 
ceptacle conic,  elongated  or  hemispheric,  naked.  Rays,  wdien  present,  while,  pistuiate  and 
fertile.  Disk-flowers  yellow,  perfect,  fertile,  their  corollas  4-5-toothed.  .Anthers  obtuse  and 
entire  at  the  base.  .Style-branches  of  the  disk-flowers  truncate,  penicillate.  Achcnt..  3-5- 
ribbcd.     Pappus  none,  or  a  coroniforni  border.     [Latin,  uiatri.x,  from  its  medicinal  viitues.] 

.Vbuut  20  species,  natives  of  the  norlliern  hemisphere  and  South  .Africa.     The  following  are  the 
only  ones  known  to  occur  in  North  America. 
Kays  present,  white. 

.^chenes  obpyramidal,  strongly  3  ribbed. 

Plant  tall,  miicli  branched;  bracts  of  the  involucre  green. 
Plant  low,  nearly  simple,  arctic;  bracts  diirk  brown  or  black.  2. 

.\cliencs  nearly  terete,  oblong,  faintly  3-5ribbed.  3. 

Rays  none;  achenes  oblong,  faititly  nerved.  4. 


M.  inotiora. 
.If.  f^raiuliflora. 
M.  Chaiiiomilla 
M.  vialiicai  ioiiles. 


III. 


Geni-s  S6.] 


THISTLE    FAMILY. 


459 


175.1- 
2:  yyj. 


I.     Matricaria   inodora    L.      Scentless 
Camomile.     Corn  Mayweed. 
(Fig.   3992.) 

,irij/i  i,a)  Id  iiiiidoia  I,.  \'\,  Succ.  Kd.  2,  297.      I7,S5. 
Clirvsaiilhcinuiii  in  mi  Of  11  in   I..   Sp.  IM.  Ivd.  2,  I25,v 

Annual;  stem  usually  nuicli  branched,  gla- 
brous, or  very  nearly  so  tlirouj^liout,  i  ^-2^  liiKli- 
Leaves  numerous,  sessile,  2  3-pinnately  dis- 
sected into  liliforni  lolies,  the  rachis  somewhat 
dilated  at  the  base.  Heads  several  or  numerous, 
terminating  the  branches,  'A'-iyi'  broad;  bracts 
of  the  involucre  lanceolate-oblong,  obtuse, 
green  with  brown  scarious  margins;  rays  20-30, 
white,  spreading;  receptacle  hemispheric  or 
ovoid;  achenes  obpyramidal  with  three  promi- 
nent ribs;  pappus  a  short  entire  or  4toolhed 
crown. 

In  field.'!  and  waste  places,  NewfoundlaiKl  to  New 
Jersey,  and  locally  in  the  interior.  Naturalized  or 
adventive  from  ICurope.     June-Sept. 


2.    Matricaria  grandiflora  (Hook.)  Britton. 
Arctic  Camomile.     (Fig.  3993.) 

Cluysaiilhi-mum   g> a?idifloium   Hook,   in    Parry's    2d 

Voy.  ;,c)S.      1S25 
Pyrethi  ntn  modorum  var.   naiiiim  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.  Am. 

i:  1,20.      iS,-?,-;. 
.1/.  ,!^'randiJ/ora  Britton,  Mem.  Torr.  Club,  5: 34'^-     i''<)4- 

I'crennial;  stem  usually  simple  and  monoccphal- 
ous,  glabrous,  4'-! 2'  high.  Leaves  sessile,  or  the 
lowest  short-pctioled,  1-2-pinnately  dissected,  l'-2>2' 
long.  Head  not  very  long-peduneled,  i'-2'  broad; 
bracts  of  the  involucre  ovate  or  ovate-oblong,  obtu'  . 
glabrous,  brown  or  nearly  black,  or  with  broad, 
brown,  scarious  margins;  rays  15-3,1,  bright  white, 
slightly  3-5-toothed  at  the  summit;  receptacle  hemi- 
spheric when  mature. 

Ct)asl  of  Iludsim  Bay  to  .\laska.  Reported  from  Lake 
Huron.     Sunnner. 


3.    Matricaria  Chamomilla  L-     Wild 
or  German  Camomile.     (Fig.  3994.) 

Matiicaiia  Cliamomilla  L.  .Sp.  PI.  .S91.      1753. 

Annual,  glabrous,  nmch  branched,  i°-2°  high. 
Leaves  aromatic,  finely  2-3-pinuately  dissec- 
ted into  numerous  linear  lobes;  heads  immer- 
ous,  S"-i2"  broad,  slender-pedunclcd  at  the 
ends  of  the  branches;  bracts  of  the  involucre 
oblong,  obtuse,  green,  or  with  brow^nish  mar- 
gins; rays  10-20,  white,  spreading;  receptacle 
ovoid,  becoming  conic  and  hollow;  achenes 
nearly  oblong,  or  somewhat  obovoid,  faintly  3- 
5-ribbed;  pappus  none. 

In  waste  plaecs  and  on  ballast,  southern  New 
York  to  Pennsylvania,  .\dventive  or  fugitive 
from  Kuropc.  Called  also  Horse  gowan.   Summer. 


460 


COMPOSITAK. 


[Vol..  in. 


4.     Matricaria   matricarioides 

(Less.)  Porter.     Rayle.ss  Camomile. 

(Pig-  3995-) 

Sanloliiia  suai'eo/riis  I'lirsli,    l-'I.   Am.    Sept. 

520.      1814.      Sol  Af.  sKatfii/i'in  h.      I7,S5. 
Ar/emhia   malricaiioides   I.es-.    I.iiiiiaca,  6: 

210.      1831. 
Mall  icatia  discoidea  DC.  I'rodr.  6:  .v..      1S37. 
Matricaria  »ialricarinides  Portir,  Mem.  Torr. 

Club,  s:,vti.      1894. 

Annual,  glabrous;  stem  verv  leafy,  at 
length  much  branched,  6'-iS'  high.  Leaves 
2-;,-piiii'ately  dissected  into  linear  acute 
lobes;  heads  numerous,  3"-4"  broad,  pe- 
duncled;  bracts  of  the  involucre  oval  or  ob- 
long, green  with  broad  white  scarious  mar- 
gins, much  shorter  than  the  ovoid  yellow 
disk;  rays  none;  receptacle  conic;  achenes 
oblong,  slightly  angular,  faintly  nerved, 
pappus  an  obscure  crown,  sometimes  pro- 
duced into  2  coriaceous  oblique  auricles. 

In  waste  i)laces,  in  ballast  and  .iluntf  rail- 
roiids,  Missouri  to  Miiiiie.  Advenlive  from 
the  Pacific  coast.  Naturalized  as  a  weed  in 
northern  Europe.     May  Aug. 

87.   TANACETUM  L.  Sp.  PI.  843.     1753. 

Erect,  strongly  aromatic  herbs,  our  species  perennials,  with  alternate,  1-3-pinnately  dis- 
sected or  divided  leaves,  and  numerous  small  corymbose  heads  of  tubular  flowers,  or  with 
rays  sometimes  present  and  imperfectly  developed.  Involucre  hemispheric,  depressed,  or 
campanulate,  its  bracts  appressed,  imbricated  in  several  series.  Receptacle  flat  or  convex, 
naked.  Marginal  flowers  pistillate,  fertile,  their  corollas  2-5toothed  or  lobed,  sometimes 
produced  into  short  rays.  Disk-flowers  perfect,  fertile,  their  corollas  5-toothed.  .\nthersob- 
tuse  and  entire  at  the  base,  their  tips  broad.  Style-branches  truncate  and  penicillate  at  the 
summit.  Achenes  5-angled  or  ,s-ribbed,  truncate  or  obtuse.  Pappus  none,  or  a  short  crown. 
[From  tanasie,  old  French  for  tansy;  Greek,  athanasia,  immortality.] 

.\bout  T,},  species,  natives  of  the  northern  hemisphere.     Besides  the  following,  6  others  occur 
in  western  and  nortiiwestern  North  America. 
Glabrous,  or  nearly  so;  heads  numerous,  ,V'-5  '  broad.  i,    T.  ziilgarf. 


Villous-pubescent;  heads  few,  6"-n"  l)road. 

I.    Tanacetum  vulgare 

Tanace/tim  vulgare  I,.  Sp.  PI.  S44.      1753. 

Stem  stout,  usually  simple  up  to  the  iu- 
florescence,glabrous, or  sparingly  pubescent, 
'/^°-3°  liig'i-  Leaves  pinnately  divided 
into  linear-oblong,  piunatifid  or  incised  seg- 
ments, the  iobes  acute,  usually  serrate; 
lower  segments  of  the  leaves  often  smaller 
than  the  others;  basal  leaves  often  i'^  long; 
heads  commonly  numerous,  y's"  broatl, 
rather  short-peduncled ;  in  volucre  depressed- 
hemispheric,  its  bracts  oblong-lanceolate, 
obtuse,  or  the  outer  acute,  slightly  pubes- 
cent or  ciliate;  receptacle  flat;  flowers  yel- 
low; marginal  corollas  -.vith  short  oblique 
3-toothcd  limbs;  pappus  a  short  crown. 

.\lonK'  roadsides,  mostly  escaped  from  gar- 
dens, Nova  Scotia  and  Ontario  to  Minnesota, 
south  to  North  Carolina  and  Missouri.  Natu- 
ralized oradventivc  from  Kurope.  Other  ICng- 
lish  names  are  Bitter  Buttons,  Hindlieal,  (".in- 
gerplant.    ]uly-.Sept. 

Tanacetum  vulgare  crispum  DC.  Prodr.  6:  128. 

I8.57. 
Leaf-segments    more    incised  and   crisped. 
Occasional,    in    similar    situations.     In    some 
places  more  plentiful  than  the  type. 


2.   T.  Huroiiense. 


L.     Tansy.     (Fig.  3996.) 


^■■hii 


Sti)t. 


Gknls  ST.]  THISTMC   FAMILY.  4^1 

Vv 

2.    Tanacetum  Huronense  Nutt. 
Lake  Huron  Tansy.     (Fig.  3997.) 

TaiKuilKiii  //iii,iiiriisr  NiM.  C.i-n.  2:  141.      181S, 

Villous-pubescent  throughout,  at  least  when 
young,  less  so  when  mature,  i°-2°  hiKh.  Leaves 
T-pinnately  divided,  the  lobes  dentate  or  incised, 
acute,  tlic  lower  segments  commonly  smaller 
than  the  others;  heads  i-.S,  6"-fi"  broad,  on  very 
stout  pubescent  peduncles;  involucre  depressed- 
hemispheric;  marginal  flowers  with  3-5-lobed 
limbs,  often  expanded  into  short  rays;  pappus 
a  short  crown. 

In  nioisl  soil,  especially  alonjr  streams  or  lakes. 
New  Hrunswick  to  Hudson  Hay,  Maine,  Lake 
Superior.  Alaska  and  Oregon.     July-Sept. 


88.  ARTEMISIA  L.  Sp.  PI.  845.  I753- 
Odorous  herbs  or  shrubs,  often  canescent  or  tomeutose,  with  alternate  leaves,  and  small 
pendulous  or  erect,  discoid  racemose  spicate  glomerate  or  paniculate  heads,  of  greenish  or 
yellowish  flowers.  Involucre  ovoid,  oblong,  or  broadly  hemispheric,  its  bracts  imbricated  in 
few  series,  the  outer  gradually  shorter.  Receptacle  flat,  convex  or  hemispheric,  naked  or 
pubescent,  not  chafTy.  Central  flowers  perfect,  sometimes  sterile,  with  abortive  ovaries  and 
undivided  styles,  sometimes  perfect  and  fertile,  with  truncate  style-branches;  marginal  flow- 
ers usually  pistillate  and  fertile,  their  corollas  2-3-toothed;  or  flowers  all  perfect  and  fertile 
in  sonic  species,  .\nthers  obtuse  and  entire  at  the  base,  often  tipped  with  subulate  appen- 
dages. Achenes  obovoid  or  oblong,  2-ribbed  or  striate,  rounded  at  the  summit,  usually 
bearing  a  larije  epigynous  disk.     Pappus  none.     [Named  for  Artemisia,  wife  of  Mausolus.] 

About  200  specits,  natives  of  the  northern  hemisphere  and  southern  South  America.     Besides 
the  folUiwing,  sunie  25  others  occur  in  the  western  parts  of  North  .\nierica. 

•A-   Marginal  flowers  pistillate ;  central  flowers  perfect,  sterile. 
a.  Biennial  or  perennial  herbs. 
Leaves  pitniatcly  dissected  into  narrowly  linear  lobes. 

Heads  very  numerous,  i"  broad;  leaves  mostly  glabrous.  I.  A.  taiidala. 

Heads  2"  broad,  in  narrow  panicles;  leaves  silky-pubescent. 

Heads  few;  involucre  brown,  mostly  pubescent.  2.  A.  borealis. 

Heads  numerous;  involucre  green,  mostly  glabrous.  3.  A.  Canadensis. 

Leaves  linear,  the  lower  sometimes  ;vcleft  or  pinnately  divided. 

Leaves  glabrous  4.  A.  dracnnculoides. 

Leaves  finely  and  densely  pubescent.  5.  A.  glauca. 

b.  Shrubby,  silverycanescent;  heads  small  and  numerous.     6.  A.  filifolia. 
•:;-   ■!•!•   Marginal  flowers  pistillate;  central  flowers  perfect,  fertile. 
a.  Receptacle  villous-pubescent. 
Leaf-segments  linear-fdiform,  short. 
Leaf-segments  oblong,  or  line.ir-oblong;  introduced. 

b.  Receptacle  glabrous,  or  sparingly  pubescent. 
Leaves  dissected,  glabrous  or  pubescent,  green,  not  tomentose. 

Heads  about  2  '  broad,  numerous  in  panicled  racemes;  perennial. 
Heads  about  i"  broad,  panicidate  or  spicate;  annuals. 

Leaves  finely  2-3-pinnately  divided;  heads  paniculate.  _      _ 

Leaves  pinnately  divided;  segments  pinnatifid;  heads  in  leafy  spikes.  11.  A.  biennis. 
Leaves  densely  white-canescent  or  tomentose,  at  least  beneath. 
Leaves  iiinnatind  or  dissected. 

Heads  3"-4"  broad,  racemose-glomerate;  sea-beach  plant.  12.  A.  Slelleriana. 

Heads  "i"-2"  broad,  spicate-paniculate  or  racemose. 

Leaves  deeply  pinnatifid,  the  segments  mostly  incised.  13.  A.  vulgaris. 

Leaves  finely  di.ssected  into  short  linear  lobes.  14.  A.  Ponlica. 

Leaves  pinnately  parted  into  5-7  narrow  entire  segments.  15.  A.  Kansana. 

Leaves  lanceolate  or  linear,  serrate  or  entire,  not  pinnatifid. 

Leaves  lanceolate,  sharply  serrate,  glabrous  above.  16.  A.  serrata. 

Leaves  linear,  oblong,  or  lanceolate,  entire  or  lobed. 

Leaves  elongated,  at  length  glabrous  above.  17.  A.  longifoUa. 

Leaves  shorter,  oblong  or  lanceolate,  tomentose  both  sides.  18.  A.  gnaphatodes. 

Leaves  cuneate,  li'  long,  3toothed  at  the  apex.  19.  A.  liigelofii. 

-;<-  v.-  -k  Flowers  all  perfect  and  fertile  ;  far  western  species. 
Leaves  cuneate,  3-toothed  or  3-lobed.  20.  A,  liidenlata. 

Leaves  linear,  entire.  21.  A.  cana. 


7.  A.  ftigida. 

8.  .1.  Ahsinlhinm. 


A.  Abivlaniim. 
A.  annua. 


462 


COMroSITAE. 


LVoi..  HI. 


St 


1.   Artemisia  caudata  Michx.     Tall  or  Wild 
Wormwood.     (Fig.  399S.  i 

A>  /rnihiii  iiiiiitalii  .Micli\.  I'l.  Ilor.  .\m.  i:  iso       1S03. 

Root  biennial  >  soiiielimes  perfiitiial?  ;  stems. slender, 
glabrous,  tulteil,  strict,  very  Ical'v,  2°-6'  lii^li.al  lenj,'th 
paniculately  branched,  the  branches  jjlabrous,  or  rarely 
slightly  pubescent,  nearly  erect.  Lower  and  basal 
leaves  and  those  of  sterile  shoots  slcndcr-petiolcd, 
sometimes  a  little  pubescent,  .V -f''  lon^j,  .'-vpiniiatcly 
divided  into  narrowly  linear  acute  lobes  altout  'j" 
wide;  upper  leaves  sessile  or  nearly  so,  piniiately  <li- 
vided,  or  the  uppermost  entire  and  short;  lieads  about 
1"  broad,  very  shortpeduncledi  very  numerous  in  a 
large  somewhat  leafy  panicle,  mostly  nodding;  bracts 
of  the  ovoid-campanulatc  involucre  ovate,  or  the  inner 
elliptic,  glabrous;  receptacle  hemispheric,  naked; 
central  flowers  sterile. 

In  dry  sandy  soil,  abundant  on  sta  beaches,  fnitn  Quebec 
to  I'lorula,  west  to  JIanitobu,  Nebraska  and  Te\a^.  Julv- 
Sept. 


2.    Artemisia  bore^lis  Pall.     Northern 
Wormwood.     (Fig.  3999.) 

Aitemisia  luiyralis  Pall.  Iter.  129.    />/.  ///;,  /.  /.      I7r'- 
Arlemi.ua  Gioe>:latidica  Wornisk.  I'l.  I'an.   pi.  /i^'- 
1818. 

rcrennial,  5'-l,s'  liiRh,  (".eusely  silky-pubescent 
all  over,  resembling  small  forms  of  the  following 
species.  Leaves  less  divided,  the  basal  and  lower 
ones  petioled,  \'-2yz'  long,  the  upper  .sessile,  lin- 
ear and  entire  or  merely  3-parted;  heads  about  2" 
broad  in  a  dense  terminal  rarely  branched  thyrsus; 
involucre  nearly  hemispheric,  its  bracts  brown  or 
brownish,  pilose-pubescent  or  nearly  glabrous;  re- 
ceptacle convex,  naked;  disk- flowers  sterile. 

Maine  (according  to  l''crnald ) ; Quebec  to  ( treinland, 
west  through  arctic  America  to  .\laska,  soutli  in  the 
Rocky  Mountains  to  Colorado.  Also  in  northern  .'Vsia. 
July-,\ug. 


3.    Artemisia  Canadensis  Michx.     Canada 
Wormwood.     (Fig.  4000.) 

Arlemisia  CanaJrnsis  'Michx.  Fl.  Hor.  .\m.  2:  120.      i"*o,3. 

Root  perennial  (or  sometimes  biennial);  stem  pubes- 
cent or  glabrous,  strict,  simple  or  branched,  i°-2°  high, 
the  branches  appressed  and  erect.  Leaves  usually  pubes- 
cent, but  sometimes  sparingly  so,  the  basal  and  lower 
ones  petioled,  2'-.^'  long,  2-pinuately  divided  into  linear 
acute  lobes  which  are  shorter  and  broader  than  those  of 
Arlcinisia  caudata;  upper  leaves  sessile,  less  divided; 
heads  short-peduucled,  about  2"  broad,  commonly  num- 
erous in  a  narrow  virgate  panicle,  mostly  spreading  or 
erect,  in  small  forms  the  panicle  reduced  to  a  nearly 
or  quite  simple  terminal  raceuie;  involucre  ovoid,  its 
bracts  ovate  or  oval,  green,  glabrous  or  pubescent;  re- 
ceptacle hemispheric;  central  flowers  sterile. 

In  rocky  soil,  Hudson  Bay  to  northern  Maine  and  Ver- 
mont, west  along  the  Great  Lakes  to  Minnesota  and  Maiii- 
toba  and  to  the  Canadian  Pacific  coast,  south  in  the  Rocky 


Mountains  to  Arizona,  and  to  Nebraska. 
Wild  Wormwood.    July -Aug. 


Called  also  .Sea  or 


GiiMs  ss.] 


THISTLIC   FAMILY. 


4^^3 


4,    Artemisia  dracunculoides  Pursh. 

Linear-leaved  Wormwood. 

(Fig.  4001.) 

Ailriiiisia  iliaiunciili>itles  I'lirsli,  1*1.  Am.  Stpt.  7p. 

IM|. 

I'eremiial,  glabrous;  stem  somewhat  woody, 
usually  iiuu'li  braiiclied,  2°-4°  hiKli,  the  branches 
nearly  erect.  Leaves  linear,  i'^}4'  lon^;,  i"-2" 
wide,  acute,  entire,  or  the  lower  and  basal  ones 
sometimes  3-cleft  or  even  more  divided;  heads 
very  numerous,  \"-i)4"  broad,  nodding,  very 
short-pcdunded,  racemose-paniculate;  involucre 
nearly  hemispheric,  its  bracts  ovate  or  oblong, 
green,  .scarious-margined;  receptacle  hemispheric, 
naked;  disk  flowers  sterile. 

Iiry  plains  and  prairies,  Manitoba  to  the  Nortliwest 
Territory  and  liritisli  Columbia,  soulli  to  Nebraska, 
Texas,  New  Mexico  and  California.     ]uly-Nov. 


5.    Artemisia  glauca  Pall.      Silky 
Wormwood.     (Fig.  4002.) 

-•I.  A'/awfiJ  l'all.;Willd.  Sp.  PI.  3:   iS,v.      1804. 
.lilemisia  diaciinciiloides  \?i\\  incaiia  T.  &  (V.  Fl. 
N.  .\.  2:  416.      1843. 

Perennial,  similar  to  the  preceding  species; 
stems  strict,  leafy,  usually  simple  or  little 
branched,  ]°-2°  high,  pubescent,  tomentose  or 
canescent,  or  glabrous  below.  Leaves  linear, 
Yz'-^yz'  long,  about  \"  wide,  entire,  finely  and 
densel)'  pubescent,  obtuse  or  obtusisli,  or  the 
lower  or  sometimes  nearly  all  of  them  3- cleft 
into  linear  lobes  I'-ij^'long;  panicle  narrow, 
branched,  its  branches  nearly  erect;  heads  droop- 
ing, sessile,  very  numerous,  scarcely  more  than 

I/2"  long;   involucre  hemispheric,  its  bracts  scarious-margined,  obtuse;  receptacle  naked; 

disk- flowers  sterile. 
Minnesota  and  Manitoba  to  the  Northwest  Territory. 


6.    Artemisia  filifdlia  Torr.      Silvery 
Wormwood.     (Fig.  4003.) 

Artemisia  filifolia  Torr.  .\nn.  Lye.  N.  V.  2:  211.      1S27. 

.Shrubby,  finely  silvery-canescent  throughout; 
stem  branched,  i°-3°  high,  the  rigid  branches  nearly 
erect.  Leaves  \'-2'  long,  nearly  all  3-part''d  into 
filiform  entire  segments  less  than  Yz"  wide,  or  the 
uppermost  undivided;  heads  exceedingly  numerous, 
about  )2"  broad,  racemose-paniculate,  very  short- 
peduncled,  3-5-fiowered;  involucre  oblong,  its 
bracts  densely  canescent;  receptacle  small,  naked 
or  slightly  fimbrillate;  central  1-3  flowers  sterile. 

On  dry  plains,  Nebraska  to  Utah,  south  to  Texas, 
Mexico  and  New  Mexico.   Wormwood  Sage.    July-Oct. 


464 


CO.Ml'OSITAK. 


[Vor,.  in. 


7.  Artemisia  frigida  WilUl.    Pasture  Sage- 
Hriisli.     Wormwood  Sage.     (Pig.  4004. ) 

Ai  Iniiiiiii  /i  ii;itla  Willil.  Sp,  I'l.  3;  i-;.vS.      i8().|. 

rerennial,  woody  at  tlie  base,  ilensely  silky- 
caiicsceiit  all  over;  stem  branched  or  simple,  i(i'- 
jd'  liinli.  Leaves  'j'  i  '..'  Ioiik,  ternately  or  5- 
iiately  divided  into  numerous  short  acutish  mostly 
entire  lobes  less  than  ,'i"  wide,  the  lower  and 
basal  ones  pctiolcd,  ami  often  with  a  pair  of  en- 
tire or  i-clclt  divisions  near  the  base  of  the  peti- 
ole, the  upper  sessile  and  less  divided;  heads 
ratlier  numerous,  racemose  or  racemose-panicu- 
late, short-pedunclcd,  noddiuj;,  about  2"  broad;  in- 
volucre lipmispheric.its  l)racts  oblong,  cunescentor 
tonientose;  receptacle  villous-pubescent;  central 
flowers  fertile. 

Oil  dry  plains  and  in  mcky  soil,  .Minnusola  to  the 
Nurtluvi'Sl  Ttrritory  .ind  Idaho,  south  to  Nebraska, 
Texas  and  New  Mc.vico.  Called  also  Wild  Sage. 
Julv  <1ct.  ^__/ 


8.    Artemisia  Absinthium  L,.     Coiniuon 
Woniiwood.     Ab.siuth.     (Fig.  4005.) 
Ailrmisia  Absinlliiiim  \,.  Sp.  PI.  84S.      1753. 

Shrubby,  finely  canescent;  stem  much  branched,  2°- 
4^  high.  Leaves  2'-5'long,  1-3-pinnately  divided  into 
numerous  oblong  to  obovate  obtuse  lobes,  the  lower 
long-petioled,  the  upper  short-petioled  or  sessile,  the 
uppernio-*t  commonly  linear  and  entire;  heads  numer- 
ous, yellow,  racemose-paniculate,  drooping,  sliort-pe- 
duncled,  2"-2^i"  broad;  involucre  hemispheric,  its 
outer  bracts  linear,  the  inner  much  broader,  scarious- 
margined;  receptacle  pilose-pubescent;  central  flowers 
fertile,  the  marginal  ones  fertile  or  sterile. 

In  waste  places.  Newfoundland  and  Hiidsor.  Ray  to 
Jlassachusetts,  western  Ontario  and  New  York.  Natu 
ralized  or  adventive  from  Ivurope.  mostly  escaped  from 
gardens.  Old  Unglisli  names,  Maderwort,  Mugwort, 
Mingwort,  Warmot.     July -Oct. 


9.   Artemisia  Abrotanum  L.     Soutlieniwood.     (Fig.  4006.) 

Arleniisia  Abrotanum  L.  Sp.  PI.  845.      1753. 

I'ercnnial,  somewhat  shrubby;  stem  puberulent  or 
glabrous,  much  branched,  2°-4°  high,  the  branches 
short,  erect  or  ascending.  Leaves  glabrous  or  some- 
what pubescent,  i'-3'  long,  1-3-pinnately  parted  into 
linear  obtuse  entire  lobes  about  yi"  wide,  or  the 
uppermost  linear  and  entire,  the  lowest  petioled; 
heads  several-flowered,  yellow,  very  numerous,  nod- 
ding, racemose-paniculate,  2'''-2>i'''  broad;  involucre 
nearly  hemispheric,  pubescent,  its  outer  bracts  lan- 
ceolate, acute,  the  inner  ones  obovate;  receptacle 
glabrous;  central  flowers  fertile. 

In  waste  places,  Massachusetts  to  western  New  York, 
southern  Ontario,  and  Nebraska.  Adventive  from  con- 
tinental Europe.  Old  English  names,  I.ad's  Love,  Boy's 
Love,  Slovenwood,  Old  Man. 


Artemisia  procera  Willd.,  a  similar  species,  but  with 
glabrous  involucre,  is  stated  by  Dr.  Griiy  (Syn.  Fl.  l:  Part 
2,  370)  to  have  escaped  from  gardens  at  Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  but 
is  not  recorded  in  Mr.  IJ.  F.  Day's  Catalogue  of  Plants  of 
♦  hat  vicinity. 


<;i;mn  ss. 


TIIISTI,!'    I'AMIIA' 


10.    Artemisia  annua  I,.     Annual 
WdrnuvDod.     (  l-'ij,'.  4007. ) 

.1 1 /I'lili/ii  iin'iiiii  I,.  Sp,  ri.  S}7.       i7,s,v 

Aiimial,  uliibrous  throuKlioiit,  iiuicli  branclicil, 
2°-',"  liiKli.  Leaves  2'-f)' loiiK,  finely  i-.vpiiniately 
diasecteil  into  very  narrow  short  obtuse  lobes,  the 
lower  and  bssal  ones  sleiulcr-pclioled,  the  upper 
sessile  and  less  divided,  but  none  of  tliein  entire; 
heads  very  numerous,  about  1  "  I)roail,  drooping, 
borne  on  very  slender  peduncles  of  about  theirown 
length  or  less;  involucre  hemispheric,  glabrous, 
its  bracts  few,  ovate  to  oblong;  receptacle  glabrous; 
flowers  commonly  all  fertile. 

In  waste  places,  Unlarid  toWVst  Virjritiia,  'IVniiessee 


anil  Kan'^as,  a  bad  wteil  in  some  places 
naturalized  iKmi  Asia.     Summer. 


.Xdveiitive  or 


II.    Artemisia  biennis  Willd.     Biennial 
Wormwood.       (Fig.  4008.) 

Ai/nitisia  hieiiiiis  \\\\U\.  Pliytogr.  ii.       179). 

.\nnual  or  biennial,  glabrous  throughout;  stem  very 
leafy,  usually  branched,  i°-4°  high,  the  branches 
nearly  erect.  Leaves  i'-,^'  long,  1-2-pinnately  di- 
vided into  linear  or  linear-oblong,  acutish,  serrate  or 
incised  lobes,  the  lowest  pctiolcd,  the  uppermost  less 
ilivided  or  rarely  quite  entire;  heads  about  1)4" 
broad,  not  drooping,  sessile  and  exceedingly  numer- 
ous in  axillary  glomerules  which  are  crowded,  form- 
ing a  compound  spicate  inflorescence,  the  subtend- 
ing leaves  nuich  exceeding  the  clusters;  involucre 
nearly  hemispheric,  its  bracts  green,  scarious-mar- 
gincd;  receptacle  naked;  central  flowers  fertile. 

Native  in  the  Northwest  Territory  and  the  northwest- 
ern fnited  States,  now  widely  distributed  as  a  weed  from 
Manitoba  to  Nova  Scotia,  south  to  Missouri,  Kentucky 
and  I'eniisylv.mia.     riant  not  odorous.     Aug.-Oct. 


12.  Artemisia  Stelleriana  Bess.    Beach 
Wormwood.     (Fig.  4009.) 

Aiiemisia  Slelleriana  Bess.  Abrot.  79.  pi.  .1.  1829. 
Perennial,  densely  white-tomentose;  stem 
branched,  1-2^^°  high,  bushy,  the  branches 
ascending.  Leaves  obovate  to  spatulate,  i'-4' 
long,  pinnatifid  into  oblong  obtuse  entire  or 
few-toothed  lobes,  the  lower  petioled,  the  upper 
sessile,  all  densely  tomentose  beneath,  but  be- 
coming green  and  glabrous  above  when  old; 
heads  racemose-spicate  or  racemose-glomerate, 
2,"-A"  broad,  not  drooping;  involucre  oblong- 
campanulate,  its  bracts  tomentose,  lanceolate  or 
obloug-lanceolate;  receptacle  naked;  central 
flowers  fertile. 

Sandy  sea-beaches,  Maine  and  Massachusetts  to 
New  Jersev.  Cultivated  in  gardens  along  the  coast. 
Native  of  'northeastern  Asia.  Occurs  also  on  the 
coast  of  Sweden.  Foliage  similar  to  that  of  the 
Dusty  Miller,  Cineraria  marilima  L.      July-Aug. 

30 


--0 


'. 


466 


COMPOSITAE. 


[Vol.  III. 


13.   Artemisia  vulgaris  L,. 


Coiiimon  Mugwort.     (Fig.  4010. ) 
Artemisia  vulgaiis  I,.  Sp.  PI.  848.      1753. 

Perennial;  stem  glabrous  or  nearly  so,  much 
branched,  i°-3>2°  high.  Leaves  i'-4^i'  long, 
deeply  piuuatifid,  into  linear,  oblong  or  some- 
what spatulate,  piunalifid,  toothed  or  entire 
lobes,  densely  white-tomentose  beneath,  dark 
green  and  glabrous  above,  the  lower  petioled 
and  often  with  1  or  2  pairs  of  small  lateral  divis- 
ions at  or  near  the  base  of  the  petiole,  the  upper 
sessile,  the  uppermost  sometimes  linear  and  en- 
tire; heads  numerous,  erect,  about  2"  broad,  in 
pauicled  simple  or  compound  spikes;  involucre 
oblong-campanulate,  its  bracts  oblong,  obtusish, 
scarious-margined,  tomentose  or  glabrous;  re- 
ceptacle naked;  central  flowers  fertile. 

In  waste  places,  Nova  Scotia  to  Ontario,  lliclii- 
gan,  New  Jersey  and  Pennsylvania.  Naturalized 
from  Europe.  Native  also  of  Asia.  Reported  as 
native  in  arctic  America.  Called  also  Motherwort, 
Kellon-hcrb,  Sailor's  Tobacco,  Wormwood,  lUil 
wand.    July-Oct. 


14.    Artemisi.i  Pontica  L.     Roman  or  Hungarian  Wormwood. 

Ar/emisia  Ponlica  !<.  Sp.  PI.  847.      1753. 

Perennial;  stem  branched,  glabrous  or  canescent, 
i°-3°high.  Leaves  xyi'-iYi'  long,  2-3-pinnately 
dissected  into  short  narrow  lobes  less  than  1 "  wide, 
canescent  on  both  sides,  or  tomentose  beueath,  the 
lower  petioled  and  the  petioles  somewhat  clasping 
or  auricled  at  the  base,  the  upper  mostly  linear  and 
entire;  heads  numerous,  i"-2"  broad,  drooping, 
sleuder-peduncled;  involucre  hemispheric,  canes- 
cent, its  bracts  oblong  or  obovate,  obtuse,  the  outer 
short,  lanceolate;  receptacle  glabrous;  central 
flowers  fertile. 

Railway  embankment  near  Tumble  Station.  Hunt- 
erdon Co.,  N.  J.;  mountain-side  near  Lily  Lake,  Lu- 
zerne Co.,  Pa.  Both  specimens  in  leaf  only,  and  re- 
ferred to  this  species  with  some  hesitation.  Fugitive 
or  adventive  from  central  Europe.    July-Aug. 


(Fig.  401 1.) 


15.   Artemisia  Kansilna  Britton.     Kansas 
Mugwort.     (Fig.  4012.) 

Densely  white-woolly  all  over;  stem  erect,  much 
branched,  the  l)ranches  strict,  bearing  very  numerous 
small  heads  forming  a  narrow  dense  panicle.  Leaves 
numerous,  crowded,  the  lower  pinnately  divided  into 
3-7  narrowly  linear  revoiute-margined  segments  'j" 
wide  or  less,  greenish  above;  upper  leaves  mostly 
narrowly  linear  and  entire;  heads  oblong-oval,  ses- 
sile, or  very  short-peduncled,  erect,  or  somewhat 
spreading,  i/.2"long;  involucre  very  woolly,  its  bracts 
ovate-lanceolate  to  oblong-lanceolate,  acute;  recep- 
tacle naked. 

Plains,  Lane  Co.,  Kansas,  Aug.  15,  1895  (A.  S.  Hitch- 
cock). 


Genus  SS.] 


THISTLE  FAMILY. 


(N'VJ 


I    I"] 


i6.  Artemisia  serrata  Nutt. 
Saw-leaf  Mugwort.     (Fig.  4013.) 

Arlfinisia  serra/a  Nutt.  C.eii.  2;  112.      iSiS. 

Perennial;  stem  stout,  tonieutose  or  be- 
coininj;  glabrous,  much  branched,  5°-io° 
high.  Leaves  lanceolate,  2'-6'  long,  3"- 
12"  wide,  densely  white-tonientose  beneath, 
dark  green  and  glabrous  above,  acuminate 
at  the  apex,  narrowed  to  a  sessile  base,  or 
the  lowest  petiolcd,  sharply  serrate  or  in- 
cised, or  the  upper  entire;  heads  very  nu- 
merous, greenish,  erect,  about  I'/i"  broad, 
sessile  or  short- peduncled  in  panicled  spikes 
or  racemes;  involucre  canescent,  its  bracts 
oblong,  obtuse,  or  the  outer  ones  lanceolate; 
receptacle  naked;  central  flowers  fertile. 

Prairifs,  Illinois  to  Jlinntsota  and  Dakota. 
Introduccil  on  the  Moliawk  Kiver,  near  Sclic- 
uectady,  X.  V.     Aug.-Oct. 


17.    Artemisia  longifolia  Nutt. 
Long-leaved  Mugwort.     (Fig.  4014.) 

Ai  lemisia  lougi/oUa  Nutt.  Gen.  2:  142.      181S. 

Perennial;  stem  densely  white-tonientose, 
branched,  2°-5°  high.  Leaves  linear  or  lin- 
ear-lanceolate, elongated,  entire,  2'-^'  long, 
l"-5"  wide,  acuminate,  tapering  to  a  sessile 
base,  or  the  lower  petioled,  densely  white- 
tomentose  on  both  sides,  or  becoming  green 
and  glabrate  above;  heads  numerous,  erect, 
spicate-pauiculate,  about  2"  broad;  involucre 
tomentose,  its  bracts  oblong,  obtuse;  recep- 
tacle naked ;  central  flowers  fertile. 

In  dry  rocky  soil,  western  Nebraska  to  Min- 
nesota, Montana  and  the  Northwest  Territory. 
Aug.-Sept. 


18.  Artemisia  gnaphalodes  Xutt. 

Prairie,  Western  or  Cud-weed 

Mugwort.     (Fig.  4015.) 

Arlcmisia  f^iiaphalodes  Nutt.  Gen.  2: 14,^  181.S. 
Aifeiiiisia  /^itdoz'hiaiia  var.  gnaphalodes  T.  & 

G.  Fl.  N.  A.  2:420.      184,1. 

Perennial,  similar  to  the  preceding  spe- 
cies; stem  white-tomentose,  usually  much 
branched,  i°-4°  high.  Leaves  lanceolate  or 
oblong,  I '-3'  long,  2"-(>"  wide,  entire,  or 
the  lower  somewhat  toothed,  lobed  or  in- 
cised, white  tomentose  on  both  sides,  acute 
or  acuminate,  sessile  or  the  lower  narrowed 
into  short  petioles;  heads  numerous,  erect, 
spicate-paniculate,  above  I'/i"  broad;  invo- 
lucre oblong,  tomentose;  receptacle  naked; 
central  flowers  fertile. 

On  prairies  and  dry  banks,  western  Ontario 
and  Illinois  to  liritihh  Columbia,  south  to  Jlis- 
souri,  Texas,  Arizona,  Mexico  and  California.     Aug.-Oct 


;!':n 


1*1: 


COMrOSITAH. 


[Vol.  III. 


19.    Artemisia  Bigelovii  A.  Gray. 

Bigelow's  vSage-lUisli.     (l*"ig.  4016.) 


Aileiiiisia  J!ii:^elo:ii  A.  Ciiay, 
lS,s6. 


Pac.   K.   K.  Kc]i.  4:  III). 


Perennial,  sliriibhy,  silvery-caiicscenl  through- 
out, S'-i5'  high,  much  branched,  the  branches 
erect.  Leaves  narrowly  cuncate,  or  oblong,  obtuse, 
truncate,  or  3 -.stoothcd  at  the  apex,  S"-9"  long, 
about  i"  wide;  heads  very  numerous,  about  i" 
broad,  densely  glomerate-spicate  in  a  narrow  vir- 
gate  panicle,  2-vflowcrcd,  i  or  2  of  the  marginal 
ones  pistillate,  the  others  perfect  and  fertile;  invo- 
lucre short-oblong,  canescent  or  tomentose,  its 
bracts  oblong,  obtuse;  receptacle  naked. 

Kansas  (acconlingr  to  Smyth  1,  and  Colorado  to  .\ri- 
zoiia.    .VuK.-Uct. 


20.    Artemisia  tridentata  Nutt. 

Coininon  Sage-bush.     Sage-brush. 

Sage-wood.     Mountain  Sage. 

(Fig.  4017.) 

Ar/einisia  Iriilfitlala  Xiitl.  Trans.  Am.  I'liil.  ,Soc. 
(II)  7:  ,198.     18(1. 

Shrubby,  silvery-cancsccnt;  stem  much 
branched,  r"-i2°high.  I^eavcs  narrowly  cune- 
ate,  yi'-iVz'  long,  l"-V  wide,  sessile,  3-7- 
toothed  at  the  truncate  apex;  heads  very  nu- 
Tiicrous.s-'^-llowered,  about  1 1^"  broad,  sessile, 
or  very  nearly  so,  in  large  dense  panicles;  invo- 
lucre oblong,  tomcntosc.its  inner  bracts  oblong, 
"the  outer  short,  ovate,  all  obtuse  or  obtusish;  re- 
ceptacle naked;  flowers  all  perfect  and  fertile. 

(Ill  dry  plains  and  in  nicky  soil,  western  Ne- 
braska to  Colorado,  I'lali  and  California,  north  to 
IMonlaiia  and  Ilritisli  Columbia.     July -Sept. 


21.    Artemisia  cana  Pursh.      Hoary 
Sage-Bush.     (Fig.  4018.) 

Arlouisia  cana  Pursh,  Fl.  Am.  Sept.  521.     iSi). 

Shrubby,  densely  whitc-canesccnt;  stem 
much  branched,  t°-2j4°high.  Leaves  linear, 
linear-oblong  or  narrowly  lanceolate,  sessile, 
acute  at  both  ends,  i'-2'  long,  i  ^^"-3"  wide, 
usually  quite  entire,  rarely  with  2  or  3  acute 
teeth  or  lobes;  heads  numerous,  about  lyi" 
broad,  glomerate  or  sometimes  solitary  iu  the 
axils  of  the  leaves,  or  cro-vded  into  a  naked 
thyrsus  at  the  summit,  5-9-flowercd;  invo- 
lucre oblong,  canescent,  its  inner  bracts  ob- 
long or  lanceolate,  obtuse,  usually  with  i- 
3  shorter  outer  ones;  receptacle  naked; 
flowers  all  perfect  and  fertile. 

Plains,  Nebraska  an''  Colorado  to  North  Da- 
kota and  the  Northwest  Territory.    July-Sept. 


^-^vvvt-fvii^wp--' 


Gl'NUS  89.] 


THISTLE  FAMILY. 


469 


89.    TUSSILAGO  h.  vSp.  PI.  865.     1753. 

An  acaiilescent  herb,  iiioic  or  less  wliite-toiiienlose,  willi  slciuler  peiciinial  roolstocks, 
tiroad  basal  cordate,  dentate  or  lobed,  loiig-pctioled  leaves,  and  large  solitary,  monoecious 
heads  of  botli  tubular  and  radiate  yellow  flowers  at  the  summit  of  a  scaly  scape,  appearing 
before  the  leaves  of  the  season.  Involucre  campanulate  to  cylindric,  its  principal  biacts  in 
a  sinji;lc  scries,  equal,  with  or  without  a  few  shorter  outer  ones.  Receptacle  flat,  naked.  Ray- 
flowers  in  several  series,  pistillate,  fertile.  Disk-flowers  perfect,  sterile,  the  corolla  .vc!e.''t, 
the  style  undivided  and  oltusc,  lobed.  Achcnes  of  the  ray-flowers  linear,  5-10-ribbed.  Pap- 
pus copious,  of  numerous  slender  roughish  bris- 
tles, that  of  the  sterile  flowers  shorter  than  that 
of  the  fertile.  [Latin,  his.iis,  cough,  for  which 
the  plant  was  a  reputed  remedy.] 

A  inoiiolypictjenus  of  northern  liurupe  and  Asia. 

I.    Tussilago  Farfara  L.     Coltsfoot. 
Coiighwort.     (Fig.  4019.) 

Tiissilnji^o  I'aifura  L.  Sp.  PI.  865.      1753. 

Scape  slender,  ,-/  -iS'  high,  bearing  a  solitary 
large  head  at  the  summit.  Leaves  nearly  orbicu- 
lar, or  broadly  ovate-reniform,  angulately  lobed 
and  dentate,  ^'-7'  broad,  green  and  glabrous 
above,  persistently  white-tomentose  beneath; 
head  about  i'  broad;  involucre  campanulate;  v).i 
rays  bright  yellow,  numerous,  linear,  pistillate,  i^i 
fertile. 

In  moist  sdil,  alonp  roadsides,  etc  ,  Nova  Scotia 
and  New  liruiiswick  to  Massacluisetls,  New  York 
and  Minnesota.  Naturalized  from  IvuroiJC.  Other 
names  are  Horse  foot.  Horse-hoof,  Dove-dock,  Sow- 
foot,  Colt-herb,  Hoofs,  Cleats,  Ass'sfoot,  HiUl's- 
foiit,  Foalfoot,  Ginger,  Clay-weed.     .Vpril-June. 

90.    PETASITES  Gaertii.  Fr.  &  Setn.  2:  406.  //.  166. 

Herbs  with  perennial  thick  horizontal  rootstocks,  broad  basal  petioled  leaves,  and  scaly 
scapes  bearing  racemose  or  corymbose  heads  of  tubular  or  both  tid)ular  and  radiate,  white  or 
purplish,  often  dioecious  or  subdioecious  flowers.  Involucre  campanulate  to  cylindric,  its 
bracts  in  i  series,  equal.  Receptacle  flat,  or  nearly  so,  not  chaffy.  Corolla  of  pistillate  flow- 
ers very  slender,  2-5-toothed,  truncate  or  sometimes  with  a  ray,  marginal,  or  composing  most 
of  the  head;  perfect  but  sterile  flowers  with  a  tubular  5-cleft  corolla,  the  style  undivided. 
Anthers  entire  or  minutely  sagittate  at  the  base.  I'ertile  achencs  linear,  the  pappus  of  nu- 
merous capillary  rough  or  barbellate  bristles.  [Greek,  a  broad-rimmed  hat,  referring  to  the 
broad  leaves  of  these  plants.] 

About  12  species,  natives  of  the  north  temperate  and  subarctic  zones. 
Flowers  whitish,  the  iiislillatc  radiate:  natives;  northern. 

Leaves  orbicular,  7-1 1  cleft  nearly  to  tlie  base.  i. 

Leaves  hastate- reni form,  sinuate  lobed  or  toothed.  2. 

Leaves  deltoid-ovate,  repanddenticulate. 


Flowers  all  rayless,  purple;  inlrodiued. 


P.  fiixhiiala. 
P.  frigitia. 
J',  saiiilhila. 
P.  Pr/a.\i/cs. 

1.    Petasites  palmata  (Ait.)  A.  Grny. 
Palmate-leaf  Sweet  Coltsfoot.     (Fig.  4020.) 

Tussi/(j,Q-i>  paliiiala  .\it.  Ilort,  Kew.  2:  iSs.   pi.  j.      17S1). 
A'aitlosmia  pahtiala  Hook.  Fl.  lior.  Am,  i:  :;c■^       iS.i.i- 
J'clasilcs  palmala  A.  tJray  in  Ihew.  iSc  Wats.  Hot.  Cal. 
1:407.       1876. 

Scape  very  scaly,  stout,  6'-24'  high.  Leaves 
nearly  orbicular  in  outline,  3'-! 2'  broad,  deeply 
7-11-clcft  to  much  beyond  the  middle,  green  and 
glabrous  above,  densely  white-tomentose  beneath, 
at  least  when  young,  sometimes  becoming  glabratc, 
the  lobes  oblong  or  obovate,  acute,  often  somewhat 
cuneate,  sharply  dentate  or  incised;  heads  mostly 
dioecious,  corjndiose  or  racemose-corymbose,  nu- 
merous, 4"-6" broad;  flowers  nearly  white, fragrant, 
the  marginal  ones  of  the  pistillate  heads  radiate. 

In  swamjjs  and  alon^  streams.  Newfoundland  ti> 
.■\laska  and  Hritish  Columbia,  south  to  .Massachusetts, 
New  York,  Wiscoubiii  und  California      April  June. 


47° 


COMl'OSITAK. 


[Vor..  III. 


;\  !i. 


t  ::: 


2.    Petasites  frigida  (L.)  Fries. 
Arctic  Sweet  Coltsfoot.     (Fig.  402 r.) 

Tiissildffo  fiigida  \,.  Sp.  I'l.  Sfis.      175;,. 
Pelasiles  frii;ida  rrits.  Summa  \'v^.  Scaiul.  1.S2. 
1S45. 

Scape  very  scaly,  ,,'-10'  high.  Leaves  hastate- 
reiiiforiii  to  triaiiguhir-ovatc,  i'-4'  luiiR,  irregu- 
larly and  aiigulately  lohcd  and  incised,  green 
and  glabrous  above,  persistently  white-tomen- 
tose  beneath,  the  lobes  entire  or  few-toothed; 
heads  usually  fewer  and  larger  than  those  of  the 
preceding  species;  involucre  short-canipanulate; 
flowers  nearly  white,  fras^rant,  the  marginal  ones 
of  the'pislillate  heads  radiate. 

Lake  WintiiiHB  (according  to  Richardson),  to  th< 
.•\rclic  Sea.  west  lo  Alaska  and  tlie  mountains  ol' 
Hritisli  Columbia.  .\lso  in  northern  Uurope  and 
Asia. 


3.    Petasites  sagittata  (Pursh)  A. 

Gray.     Arrow-leaf  Sweet  Coltsfoot. 

(Fig.  4022. ) 

'J'li siil  111^0  sa,<;  11  la/a  I'ursU,  l''l.  Am.  .Sept.  ,v^2.      1X14. 
SVardosviia  sai^illala   lliiok.   M.    lior.  Am.   l:    507. 

Pe/asilrs  saQil/ala  \.  f,ray  in  lirew.  M:  Wats.  Cal. 
Hot.  i:  407.      1876. 

Scape  and  racemose-corymbose  inflorescence 
similar  to  those  of  the  two  preceding  species. 
Leaves  deltoid-ovate  or  reniform-ovate,  persist- 
enth"  white-tonientose  beneath,  glabrous  or 
nearly  so  above,  4'-io'  long,  their  margins  .sinu- 
ate denticulate,  neither  cleft  nor  lobcd;  involucre 
campanulate;  flowers  nearly  white,  the  marginal 
ones  of  the  pistillate  heads  radiate. 

In  wet  Krouiul,  Hudson  I!ay  to  Manitoba  and 
MiniKsiita,  west  to  Hritisli  Columbia,  south  in  the 
Koeky  Mountains  to  Colorado.     May-June. 

V. 


^-^'^y^ 


^ji^w 


4.    Petasites   Petasites  (L,. )  Karst. 

Butter-bur.     Butterfly-dock. 

(Fig.  4023.) 

Tiissilaf^o  Pe/asi/rs  I,.  ,Sp,  PI.  .S66.      1753. 
I'elasiles  qiruhialis  Jfoench.  Meth.  56S."     1 794. 
J'elasiles  z'lilaaiis  Desf.  I'l.  Atlanl.  2:  270.      1798. 
P.  Pclasiles  Karst.   Deutscli.  Fl.  11162.      i8S<}-83. 

Scape  very  scaly,  6'-i5'  high.  Leaves  or- 
bicular or  hastale-reniform,  often  12'  broad 
when  mature,  rounded  or  pointed  at  the  apex, 
repand-denticulate  all  around,  persistently 
white-tomentose  beneath,  green  and  mostly 
glabrous  above;  heads  4"-6"  broad,  mostly 
dioecious,  in  a  dense  raceme,  the  staminate 
ones  smaller  than  the  pistillate;  flowers  piuk- 
purple,  fragrant,  none  of  them  radiate. 

In  cultivated  and  waste  Krouiul,  Hacks  Co.  to 
Delaware  Co.,  Pa.  Naturalized  from  ICurope. 
Native  also  of  northern  Asia.  Other  names  are 
Halter-,  Hutter-  or  Klea-doek,  HoR-  or  Poison- 
rhid)arb,  ICldin,  Crallon,  Umbrella-leaves,  Pesti- 
lence wort,  (i.\  wort.     .\pnl. 


<ii;xrs  91.] 


THISTLE   FAMILY. 


471 


91.    ARNICA  h.  Sp.  PI.  884.       1753. 

ICrcct,  simple  or  little  branched  herbs,  with  opposite  leaves,  or  the  upper  rarely  alternate, 
anil  large,  Ion>{-pecliinclc(l  heads  of  both  tubular  aud  radiate,  yellow  flowers,  or  rays  wanting 
in  some  species.  Involucre  turbinate  or  campanulate,  its  bracts  in  i  or  2  series,  narrow, 
nearly  e(|ual.  Receptacle  flat,  naked,  fimbrillateor  villous.  Ray-flowers  pistillate,  fertile,  the 
ra  s  spreading,  entire,  or  2-3-toothed.  Disk-flowers  perfect,  fertile,  the  corolla  5-lobed, 
the  style  with  slender  branches.  Anther«  entire  or  minutely  2auriculate  at  the  base. 
Achenes  linear,  5-10-ribbcd,  more  or  le.ss  pubescent.  I'appus  a  single  scries  of  rough  or  bar- 
bellate  rigid  slender  bristles.     [Derivation  uncertain,  perhaps  from  Ptarmica.] 

.\bout  20  species,  natives  of  the  norlliorn  hemisphere.  D(  sides  the  following,  some  11  others 
occur  in  the  western  parts  of  Nortii  .Vnierica. 

liasalleavis  ovate  or  oval,  sessile;  southern.  i.  A.acaulis. 
Basal  leaves  oblong,  lanceolate,  or  cordate -ovate,  pelioled. 

liasal  leaves  cordate-ovate.  :.  A.  conii/o  ia. 
Hasal  leaves  not  cordate,  taperiuK  to  the  petiole. 

Stem-leaves  3-5  pairs;  \ipper  somewhat  smaller.  3.  A.  Chamissonis. 

•Stem-leaves  1-3  pairs;  upper  much  smaller.  4.  A.  alpina. 


I.    Arnica  acaulis  (Walt.)  B.S.P. 
Leopard'. s-bane.     (Fig.  4024.) 

Hoioiiiiuin  acdiile  Walt.  VI.  Car.  205.      17,^8, 
Arnica  Clayloiii  Pursli,  Fl.  An..  Sept.  527.   1814. 
Arnica  iiudicaiilis  Nutt.  Gen.  2:  164.      1818. 
Arnica  acaulis  li.S.P.  Prel.  Cat.  N.  Y.  30.      1888. 

Glandular-hirsute;  stem  i°-3°  high, bearing 
several  slender-peduncled  heads  at  the  sum- 
mit, liasal  leaves  tufted,  ovate  or  oval,  ob- 
tuse, narrowed  to  a  sessile  base,  denticulate 
orcntirc,  2'-5'long,i  Ji'-.V  wide;  stem-leaves 
1-3  pairs,  and  some  alternate,  very  small  ones 
above;  heads  I'-i'j' broad;  bracts  of  the  in- 
volucre linear-lanceolate,  acute  or  acutish; 
rays  12-15,  commonly  j-toothed  at  the  trun- 
cate apex;  achenes  pubescent  when  young, 
glabrous  or  nearly  .so  when  mature. 

In  low  woods,  Delaware  and  southern  Penn- 
sylvania to  Florida.     .Vpril-JIay. 


2.   Arnica  cordifolia  Hook. 
Heart-leaf  Arnica.     (Fig.  4025.) 


Arnica  cordifolia   Hook. 


Fl.   I3or.   Am.   I: 


Hirsute,  or  pvd)esceut;  stem  simple,  or 
sparingly  branched,  i°-2°  high.  Basal 
and  lower  leaves  ovate  to  nearly  orbicular, 
obtuse  or  acute,  deeply  cordate  at  the  base, 
dentate,  i'-3'  long,  with  slender  some- 
times margined  petioles;  stem-leaves  1-3 
pairs,  ovate  to  oblong,  sessile  or  short-peti- 
oled,  much  smaller;  heads  i-8,2'-3' broad; 
bracts  of  the  involucre  acute  or  acuminate, 
6"-io"  long;  rays  12-16,  toothed  at  the 
apex;  achenes  hirsute-pubescent,  or  gla- 
brous at  the  base. 

Western  Nebraska  to  tlic  Norlliwest  Terri- 
torv,  west  to  Nevada  and  llritish  Columl)ia. 
May-July. 


COMPOSITAi:. 


[Vol..  III. 


3.    Arnica  Chamissonis  Less. 
Chainisso'.s  Arnica.     (  Fig.  4026. ) 


Ai  iiita  C/i<iinissiuii.<  Less,  l.iiiiuifa,  6:  ,-,17, 
Arnica  »io//is  Hook.  l'"l.  lioi.  \ni.  I:  -iii. 


Villous-pubesccnl;  stem  simple,  or  Utile 
branched,  \"-2'^°  high,  bearing  i-h  heads  at 
the  summit.  Leaves  oblong  or  obloiig-lan- 
ceolate,  dentate  or  entire,  acute  or  obtuse, 
2'-$'  long,  y-9"  wide,  the  lower  and  l)asal 
•les  narrowed  into  petioles,  the  upper  scs- 
siie,  and  usually  somewhat  connate  l)y  a 
broi  (1  or  narrowed  base,  those  of  the  stem 
;,-5  pairs,  usually  with  some  alternate  small 
ones  on  the  branches;  heads  i'-2'  broad; 
bracts  of  the  involucre  acute;  rays  10-15,  3" 
toothcd;  achenes  hirsute-pubescent. 

Mountain^-  of  noilhcrn  New  York,  New 
llaiiipsliirc  and  Maine  lo  New  Krunswick,  west 
to  Lake  .Superior,  .Maska  anil  California,  south 
in  the  Rocky  Mountains  to  I'tah  and  Colorado. 
Jinie-.\ng. 


4.    Arnica  alpina  (L.)  Olin.     Mountain  Tobacco.     Arctic  Leopard's-hane. 

Arctic  Arnica.     (Fig.  4027.) 

Aniua   inotilana  var.   alf>uia   I,.   .Sp.   PI.  8S4. 

Ariiiia  alpina  Ohn,  Mon.  .\rn,  I'psala.      irW- 
Arnica   a>ie;nslifolia  Vahl,    I"l,  Dan.   />/.  /■;.'/• 
iSi4. 

Similar  to  the  preceding  species.but  smaller 
and  more  slender,  b'-is'  high,  villous  o-  ju- 
bescent.  Stem  simple,  usually  bearirg  but  a 
single  head,  but  sometimes  with  1-5  addi- 
tional ones  from  the  axils  of  the  upper  leaves, 
leaves  lanceolate,  linear-oblong,  or  the  lowest 
spatulate,  thickish,  entire  or  denticulate,  ;,- 
nerved,  the  basal  ones  petioled,  those  of 
the  stem  1-3  pairs,  sessile  or  short-petioled, 
scarcely  connate,  the  upper  pair  usually 
much  smaller  than  the  lower  ones;  heads 
about  2' broad;  rays  10-15,  toothed;  achcncs 
hirsute  or  glabrate. 

Labrador  to  Greenland  and  the  .Vrctic  Sea, 
west  tr.  Manitoba  (accordinp;  to  Macoun ),  .\laska 
and  British  Columbia,  south  in  the  .Sierra  Ne- 
vada to  California  and  in  the  Rocky  Mountains 
to  Colorado.  Also  in  northern  Ivurope.  May- 
Sept. 

92.  ERECHTiTES  Raf.  Fl.  Ltidov.  65.  1817. 
l'>ect,  usually  branching  herbs,  with  alternate  leaves,  and  (in  our  species)  rather  large 
discoid  many-flowered  heads  of  whitish  flowers,  corymbose-paniculate  at  the  ends  of  the 
stem  and  branches.  Involucre  cylindric,  swollen  at  the  base,  its  principal  bracts  in  1  series, 
linear,  with  or  without  sonio  much  smaller  outer  ones.  Receptacle  concave,  naked.  Mar- 
ginal flowers  in  2-scveral  series,  pistillate,  fertile,  their  corollas  fdiforin,  the  limb  2-4-toothed. 
Central  flowers  perfect,  fertile;  corolla  narrowly  tubular,  the  limb  4-5-toothed,  the  style- 
branches  elongated,  truncate  or  obtuse  at  the  sunmiit.  .Vnthers  obtuse  and  entireat  the  ba.se. 
Achenes  linear-oblong,  angled  or  striate.  Pappus  of  copious  capillary  soft  smooth  white 
bristles,     [.\ncient  name  of  some  groundsel.] 

.\bout  12  species,  natives  of  .-America  and  Australasia.     The  following  is  the  oidy  one  known  to 
occur  in  North  America. 


GKMS  ()2.] 


THISTLE   FAMILY. 


473 


l)y   a 


3 
5 


I.    Erechtites  hieracifolia 

(lyjRaf.    Fire-weed.    Pilewort. 
(Fig.  4028.) 

Sciieiiii   liiinuifolius    I,.   Sp.   I'l.   S66. 

1 75,v 
Eitcliltlcs  hiriacifolia  Raf.  DC.  Piddr. 

6:  294.       iS;7, 

Annual,  glabrous,  or  somewhat  hir- 
sute; stem  striate,  succulent,  usaal'y 
branched,  i°-.S°  high.  Leaves  th  n, 
lanceolate  or  ovate-lanceolate,  den- 
tate and  often  deeply  incised,  2'-8' 
long,  the  upper  sessile  or  auriculate- 
claspiug,  mostly  acni.iinate,  the  lower 
•isually  narrowed  into  petioles;  heads 
b''-\n"  long,  about  3"  in  diameter, 
the  involucre  conspicuously  swollen 
at  the  base  before  flowering,  its  bracts 
numerous,  striate,  green,  with  narrow 
scarious  margins;  pappus  brightwhite. 

In  woodlands,  thickets  and  waste 
placts,  very  .ibundant  after  fires,  New- 
foundland to  Florida,  \v  •it  to  the  North- 
west Territory,  Nebraska  and  Louisiana. 
.\lso  in  Mexico  and  South  America. 
July-Sept. 

93.    MESADENIA  Raf.;  Loud.  Card.  Mag.  8:  247.       1832. 

Tall  perennial  mostly  glabrous  herbs,  with  alternate  petiolcd  leaves  and  numerous, 
rather  small,  corymbose,  discoid  heads  of  white,  yellowish  or  pinkish  flowers,  all  tubular  and 
perfect.  Sap  milky  (at  least  in  some  species).  Involucre  cylindric  or  nearly  so,  its  princi- 
pal bracts  ,s,  in  i  series,  equal,  usually  with  a  few  short  outer  ones.  Receptacle  flat,  not 
chaffy,  with  a  fleshy  projection  in  the  centre.  Corollas  with  somewhat  spreading  5-cleft  limbs, 
the  lobes  usually  with  a  mid-nerve.  Style-branches  conic  or  obtuse  at  the  apex.  .Vchcnes 
oblong,  glabrous.  I'appus  of  copious  white  scabrous  bristles.  [Greek,  referring  to  the  cen- 
tral projection  of  the  receptacle.] 

.\bout  12  species,  natives  of  North  and  Central  .Vmerica.     Besides  the  followitiK,  4  others  occur 
in  the  southern  and  southwestern  parts  of  the  Inited  .States. 
Leaves  thin,  reuiform  or  fan-shaped,  lohed,  or  angulate-dentate. 

Leaves  green  both  sides,  anKulatedentate.  i.  ^^.  )  eiii/oiinis. 

Leaves  glaucous  beneath,  gnen  above,  angul.ite-lobed.  2.  .1/.  aliiplicifitUa. 

Leaves  thick,  green  both  sides,  ovate  or  oval,  entire,  or  repand.  3.  .1/.  Iiihei  osa. 

I.   Mesadenia  reniformis  (Muhl.) 

Raf.     Great  Indian  Plantain.     Wild 

Collard.     (Fig.  4029.) 

Cacalia  reiii/'ormis  Muhl.;  Wilkl.  ,Sp.  I'l.  3: 

1735.      180V 
Afesadfiiia  1  eniforiiiis  Raf. New  FI.4:  79.  1836. 

Glabrous;  stem  angled  and  grooved,  4*^- 
lo''  high.  Leaves  thin,  green  both  sides, 
coarsely  augulate-dentate  with  mucronate- 
pointed  teeth,  the  basal  and  lower  reuiform, 
long-petioled, sometimes  2^  wide,  the  upper 
ovate  or  fan-shaped,  mostly  cuneate  at  the 
base,  the  uppermost  small  and  oblong; 
heads  numerous,  mostly  s-flowered,  about 
2"  broad,  in  large  compound  corymbs;  in- 
volucre 3"-4"  high,  its  bracts  about  5,  lin- 
ear-oblong, obtuse  or  acutish,  scarious-mar- 
gined,  with  or  without  1-3  minute  outer 
ones. 

In  woods,  New  Jersey  and  Pennsylvania 
to  Miiniesot.i.  south  to  North  Carolina  and 
Tennessee.    July-Sept. 


-T' 


4:'4  COMl'OSlTAi;.  [Vol,.  III. 

2.    Mesadenia  atriplicifolia  (  L. )  Kaf.     Pale  Indian  Plantain.     (Fig.  4030. ) 

Caealia  ah  iflicil'otia  I,.  Sp.  I'l.  S^s.      175,5. 
Senccio  alrif>lici/i>lii(S  Iloiik.  I-'l.  lior.  Am. 

.Trr.Kai/fiiin   atn'/'lici/olia  K;il'.  Niw  IH.  4: 

79.      KS36. 

Stem  terete,  glahrous  and  glaucous, 
a^-f)"  high.  I.eaves  thin,  augulatc- 
lobed,  glaucous  beneath,  the  lower  and 
basal  ones  slender-petioled,  sotnctitnes 
6'  wide,  the  upper  reniforni,  fan-shaped, 
or  triangular  with  a  nearly  truncate 
base,  the  nnperniost  commonly  small, 
lanceolate  or  oblong  and  entire;  heads 
very  numerous,  about  i/i"  broad,  in 
large  loose  compound  corymbs;  invo- 
lucre 3"-4"  high,  its  bracts  about  5, 
linear-oblong,  scarious-margined,  with 
or  without  i-j  minute  outer  ones. 

In  woods,  wcslcrn  Ontario  to  Minnesota, 
south  to  I-'lorida,  Missouri  and  Kansas. 
Rare  or  absent  near  tlie  coast.  Called  also 
Wild  Caraway.    Jnly-Sipt. 


Mesadenia  tuberosa 


(Nutt.)  Britton 
(Fig.  4031 


Tnberous  Indian  Plantain. 


OUii/ia  tuberosa  Nutt.  Gen.  2:  138.      1S18. 
^fesai/rnia  plaiilaaiiiea  Raf.  New  Fl.  4:  79. 


1836. 


Senccio  N'ullallii  Sch.  Hip.  I-'lora,  27:  499.      1845. 

Glabrous  and  green  throughout;  stem  angled, 
stout,  2°-6''  high.  Leaves  thick,  strongly  5-9- 
ncrved,  the  lower  and  basal  ones  oval,  ovate, 
or  ovate-lanceolate,  obtuse  or  acutish,  usually 
quite  entire,  but  sometimes  repand,  long-peti- 
olcd,  narrowed  at  the  base,  or  rarely  subcordate, 
4'-8'  long,  I '-3' wide;  upper  leaves  ovate  to 
oblong  or  cuneate-obovate,  sessile  or  short-pet- 
ioled,  much  smaller,  sometimes  toothed  toward 
the  apex;  heads  very  numerous  in  a  compound 
corymb,  about  2"  broad,  mostly  5-flo\vered; 
involucre  .,"-4"  high,  its  bracts  linear-oblong, 
obtuse  or  obtusish,  scarious-margined. 

On  wet  prairies  and  in  marshes,  Ohio  and  west- 
irn  Ontario  to  Minnesota, south  to  .\labania,  Louisi- 
ana and  .\rkaiisas.    ]unc-Aug. 


94.    SYNOSMA  Raf.;  Loud.  Gard.  Mag.  8:  247.       1832. 

A  perennial  leafy  herb,  glabrous  or  very  nearly  so,  with  triangular  or  hastate,  alternate 
leaves,  the  lower  petioled,  the  upper  sessile,  and  several  or  numerous,  corymbose  or  corym- 
bose-paniculate, discoid  heads  of  white  or  pinkish  flow-ers.  Involucre  nearly  cylindric,  its 
principal  bracts  12-15,  linear,  acute,  usually  with  some  subulate  outer  ones.  Receptacle  flat, 
naked.  I'lowers  perfect;  corolla  5-lobed.  Style-branches  not  appendagcd.  Pappus  of  very 
numerous  white  soft  capillary  bristles.     [Greek,  perhaps  signifying  a  fragrant  composite.] 

A  monotypic  genus  of  eastern  North  America. 


liMNLS  91. 


TIIISTLK  FAMILY. 


475 


I.    Synosma  suaveolens  (L.)  Raf. 

Swcct-scoiilLd  Indian  Plantain.   (,  Fig.  4032. ) 

Caiiilia  siiaiwleiii  I..  Sp.  PI.  "^.vS.      i;3,i. 

SeiiiYi'i'  siiarenh-ns  V.W.  H(jt.  S.  C.  iSiCa  2:,i2;<.     i''2l-24. 

Synosma  iuavfolnis  Kaf. :  I.oiid.  Ciiird.  Mir.  8:  -J47.  1H31, 

(^latirous  or  very  nearly  so  throughout;  stem  stri- 
ate, x's^  hi^li,  leafy  to  the  inflorescence.  Loaves 
triangular  lanceolate  or  hastate,  sharply  and  irrcgii- 
larly  serrate,  .icnminate,  4'-ic)'  long,  2'-6'  wide  .it 
the  base,  the  auricles  sometimes  with  I  or  2  lobes 
on  the  lower  side;  petioles  margined,  or  those  of 
the  basal  leaves  naked  and  slender;  uppermost 
leaves  sometimes  merely  lanceolate  and  sessile; 
heads  2"-},"  broad  in  n  usually  large  and  compound 
corymb;  involucre  4"-6"  high,  its  principal  bracts 
linear,  acute;  heads  zo-jO-flowercd. 

In  woods,  Connecticut  and  New  Jersey  to  Illinois 
und  Minnesota,  south  to  I'Uirida,  West  Virginia  .and 
Kentucky,     Called  also  Wild  Caraway.     Aug.-Oct. 

95.  SENECIO  I..  Sp.  PI.  866.  1753. 
Annual  or  perennial  herbs  1  some  tropical  species  shrubby  or  even  arborescent),  with 
alternate  or  basal  leaves,  and  solitary  corymbose  or  paniculate  many-flowered  heads,  of  both 
tubular  and  radiate,  or  only  tubular  flowers,  in  our  species  yellow.  Involucre  cyliuilric  or 
canipanulate,  its  principal  bracts  in  i  series,  distinct,  or  united  at  the  base,  usually  with  some 
shorter  outer  ones.  Receptacle  flat  or  slightly  convex,  mostly  naked,  often  honeycombed. 
Rays,  when  present,  pistillate,  fertile.  Disk-flowers  perfect,  fertile,  their  corollas  tubular, 
the  limb  5-tootlied  or  S-lobed.  .Vnthers  olituse  and  entire  at  the  b.ise,  or  rarely  slightly  sag- 
ittate. .Style- branches  of  the  disk-flowers  usually  recurving  or  spreading.  Achenes  terete, 
or  those  of  the  marginal  flowers  somewhat  compressed,  5-10-ribbed,  papillose  or  canescent, 
at  least  after  wetting,  and  then  usually  emitting  a  pair  of  spiral  threads.  I'appus  of  mimer- 
i>ns  slender  or  capillary,  smooth  or  rough,  mostly  white  bristles.  [Latin,  sriuw,  an  old  man, 
referring  to  the  hoary  character  of  some  siiecies,  or  to  the  white  pappus.] 

.\n  immense  ffenus  of  probably  at  least  iiii«  species,  of  very  wide  geoKriipliio  distribution.  In 
addition  to  the  followiiii;,  some  ,so  others  occur  in  the  southern  and  western  parts  of  North  .\merica. 
I  >iir  species  known  as  (iroundsel.  Uajfwnrl,  or  S(|uaw-weed. 

re-   Heads  conspicuously  radiate  (except  in  forms  of  Nos.  9,  10  and  15.1. 
(a  I   Heads  solilarj- or  few,  6"-i2"  high;  northern  species. 
Stout;  leaves  4'-S'  long;  lieiids  i\i'-2'  broad.  i.  S.  P.wudo-Aniiia. 

Low;  liaves  i'-2'  long;  heads  '/-i'  broad.  2.  S./i  iiiidiis. 

I  b)  Heads  several  or  lunnerous,  corymbose,  nio.stly  smaller. 
|-  .\t  least  the  lowest  leaves  entire  or  dentate,  not  piiinatifid  (  or  sometinii'S  pinnalifid  in  No.  7  I. 

I  None  of  the  leaves  cordate. 
Heads  5"-7"  high;  plants  i     5*^  tall;  northwestern  species. 

Involncral  bracts  acuminate;  leaves  mostly  entire.  t,. 

llracts  acute  or  obtuse,  mostly  hlack-tii)ped;  leaves  denticulate.  4. 

Hea<ls3"-,s"  high;  plants  6' -30'  tall. 

Leaves  and  stems  persistently  more  or  less  tonientose  or  woolly. 

.\clienes  glabroi;s.  5. 

Aclienes  liispidulons  or  glandular. 

li.isal  leaves  long  petioled,  cretiate-dentate  or  sometimes  pinnatifid;  plants  tall. 
Basal  leaves  erenate-diutate;  eastern.  6.  S.  toiiirnlosiis. 

Stem  leaves  and  often  also  the  basal,  pinnatifid;  western.         7.  -S".  Plallcmii. 
llasal  leaves  sliort-petiolcd,  much  tufted,  oval,  few-toothed,  or  entire;  plant  low, 

S.  S.  anlfiinariifoliua. 
Leaves  glabrous  or  nearly  so;  stem  often  woolly,  especially  below, 
liasal  leaves  obovate,  spatnlate,  or  ov.al;  achenes  glabrous. 

Hasal  leaves  obovate  or  suborbicular,   creuate  or  dentate;  involncral  bracts  2"-2!.'" 

long.  9.  -S'.  oboz'iitiis. 

Hasal  leaves  ovate  to  oval;  involncral  bracts  3" -5"  long.  10.  S.  di.uoidciis. 

Basal  leaves  oblong;  achenes  hispidulous. 

Heads  few  or  several,  3"-}"  high;  basal  leaves  I '-3'  long.  11.  .S.  /la/saiiii/ar. 

Heads  mnnerous,  2"-2'j     higii;  basal  leaves  3' -6' long.  12.  .S'.  Sinallii. 

Basal  leaves  linear-cuneate,  entire  or  vtoothed  at  apex.  13.  .S".  foiiipac/iis. 

i    ;    Basal  leaves  cordate  or  subcordate;  plants  mostly  glabrous. 
Basal  Ifeaves  lancecdate  or  oblong-lanceolate.  14.  -S'.  Rohbiiisii. 

Basal  leaves  orbicidar  or  ovate-oval.  i,S.  S.  aureus. 

tt  Leaves  narrowly  linear,  entire,  or  with  linear,  entire  lobes.  16.  .S'.  /)ougla:.ii. 

ttt  Leaves  all  pinnatifid  or  coarsely  sinuate-dentate;  plantsglabrous.orsomewhat  woolly  when  young. 


.S".  intfifffi  riiniis. 
S.  hit;fiis. 


5.  S.  can  IIS 


heads  2" -3"  high. 


Leaves  sinuate-dentate,  lanceolate;  heads  4" -,s"  high. 
Leaves  pinnately  divided;  segments  entire  or  dentate;  li 
Leaves  2-pinnatifid;  heads  3"  high;  introduced  S))ecies. 

•;:-    ■'/>•   Heads  discoid,  the  rays  none,  or  minute. 
Leaves  pinnatifid:  plants  glabrous  or  puberulcnt;  achenes  canescent. 
Heads  3" -4"  high;  involii 


S.  I^altisliis. 
S.  lohaliis. 
S.  facohaea. 


alucre  naked,  or  nearly  so  at  the  base. 


20.  .s',  svlz'alii'us. 


476 


COMin)SITAH. 


[Vof,.  III. 


llL-a(N  ("  6"  lii^fli;  iiivipliicru  with  stvtr.il  slioil  diitir  bnicts. 
Leaves  ijiiiiiatiful;  plant  viiiil  pulicsicnt;  aclieiu-  Klatirous. 
Ila-^al  kavts  ubuvatc,  orbicular,  (ir  spatiilatf,  iiicrily  dtntale. 


22.  .S".  :isciiiii.\, 
VariclicH  of  Nos.  o,  ni 


ami  15. 

Sea- 


I.    Senecio  Pseudo- Arnica  Iass. 
beach  Seiifcio.     (  Fig.  4u;,;v  ) 
Aniha    iiiaiiliiiiii    I,.    Sp.    I'l.   8.S4.      175;      Not  .*>. 

111(11  i/hii'is  I,. 
Sfiiccio  l'inuli>Ai  iiica  Less.  I.iiinaia,  6   2|o.     i^^i. 

I'crcmiial,  soiiiewhat  fleshy;  stem  stout,  iimstly 
simple,  very  leafy,  6'-  v'  Iiik'''  Leaves  ohloiiijol)- 
ovate,  or  the  lower  spatulatc,  acute  or  obtusf  at  the 
apex,  4'-.S'  loug,  'j'-i'  wide,  densely  totueiitose 
beneath,  at  least  when  younj,',  re])ancl-dcntate  or 
denticulate,  narrowed  to  a  sessile  ami  partly  clasp- 
ing base,  or  the  lowest  into  marniiied  petioles; 
heads  solitary,  or  several  (2-71  and  corvmbose, 
stout-peduncled,  i  '.'--•'  broad,  nearly  1'  high;  in- 
volucre broadly  campanulate,  its  l)racts  lanceolate, 
acuminate,  mostly  tomentose,  conimoiily  with  sev- 
eral subidate  spreading  ones  at  the  base;  rays  u- 
15,  linear,  •^•toothed,  conspicuous;  disk-corollas 
5-lobed;  achcnes  glabrous;  papjuis  dull. 

On  sea  beaclit'S  and  rocks  mar  the  st-a,  Maim-,  New 
Hrunswick  and  the  Inwir  St,  I.awuiuH-  to  I.abiador 
and  tlic  Arctic  .Sea.  .\ls,)  in  .Mask.i  and  noilluiii 
Asia,     July- Aug. 


2.   Senecio  frigidus  Less.     Arctic  Senecio. 
(Fig.  4034.) 

Seiieiio  frigidus  I.css.  I.innaea,  6:  2,i9.      i>,ii. 

I'ereunial,  more  or  less  tomentose,  or  becoming 

glabrous  when  old;    stem    slender,   6'-i2'   high, 

bearing  a  solitary  head  (rarely  2  or  3)  ^'-i'  broad. 

Basal  and  lower  leaves  spatulate  or  obovate,  i  '-2' 

long,   petioled,  obtuse,  repand-dcntatc  or  entire; 

stem-leaves  oblong   to  linear-lanceolate,  obtuse  or 

acute,   sessile,    mostly   entire,    smaller;    involucre 

broadly  campanulate,  its  bracts  lanceolate,  acute, 

with  no  exterior  smaller  ones;  rays  10-16,  6"--io''' 

long,  3-toothed,   linear-oblong,  or  cuneate   at   the 

base;    achenes  glabrous  or  sparingly   pubescent; 

pappus  white. 

Labrador  and   arctic  America  to  Alaska,     Also   in 
northeastern  Asia.     Summer. 


3.    Senecio  integerrimus  Xiitt. 
ICntire-leaved  Ciroiindsel.      (Fig.  4035.) 

Soit'cio  inlegerri»iiis  Niilt.  (icn.  2:  165.      i-^iS, 

Perennial,  more  or  less  woolly  when  young, 
glabrous  or  nearly  so  when  old;  stem  stout, 
i°-4°  high.  Leaves  entire,  or  sparingly  dentic- 
ulate, somewhat  fleshy,  the  lower  and  basal  ones 
oval  or  oblong,  obtuse  or  obtusish  at  the  apex, 
3'-6'  long,  I'-i'/z'  wide,  petioled,  the  upper 
linear  or  lanceolate,  acute,  the  uppermost  very 
small;  heads  numerous, corymbose,  long-pedun- 
clcd,  6"~io"  broad;  involucre  nearly  cylindric, 
^"-5"  liigli.  its  principal  bracts  linear,  acumi- 
nate, green,  usually  with  a  few  subulate  outer 
ones;  rays  8-12,  linear-oblong;  achenes  nearly 
glabrous,  pappus  white. 

Minnesota  and  Manitoba  to  Wyoming  and  Hritish 
Columbia.    June-July. 


I'iKNI  S  <).v 


TIIISTI,!'    FAMIIA". 


477 


4.    Senecio  lugens   Richards,     IJlack-tipped  Groundst;!.     1, Fig.  4036 

.Si'iiriiii  /(/;■'■"(  Riiliiiiil--.  Ap]).   I'"raiikl.  Ji)iirii.  ICd. 

Similar  to  the  precccliiij;  species,  more  or  less 
woolly  wlicn  yoiiiiKi  soon  j;liil)ro\is;  stem  stout, 
1"  .V  lii^'li.  Hasal  and  lower  leaves  oblong, 
oval,  or  slivjlitly  siiatulate,  obtnsc  or  acute,  deu- 
ticuliitf  <ir  donlatc,  2'-,s'  li'Uj;,  ji'-l'/z'  wide, 
narrowed  into  niarjjined  petioles;  upper  leaves 
few,  sessile,  small  ami  bract-like;  heads  several 
or  numerous,  corymbose,  often  short-pedun- 
cled,  6"-ici"  broad;  involucre  campauulate, 
y y  liiKh.  its  bracts  lanceolate  or  oblong- 
lanceolate,  acute  or  obtuse,  often  with  con- 
spicuous black  tips;  rays  10-12,  oblong-Hnenr; 
achenes  glabrous;  pappus  white. 

In  iiiiii-t  -(.il,  arctic  Atuirica  and  the  Northwest 
'I'cnitdry  tu  Mitnicsota,  Iowa  and  Nebraska,  west  to 
'ila-'kaand  Calilornia.    June-AiiK- 


5.    Senecio  canus  Hook.     vSilvery 
Groiind.sel.     (Fig.  4037.) 

5,  tiinu!.  Hook.  I'M.  ]!or.  Am.  i:  t,},},.  pi.  i it'i.  iHjj. 
I'ercnnial,  densely  and  persistently  white- 
tomentose  to  the  inflorescence;  stems  slemlcr, 
usually  tufted,  6'-i8'  high.  Hasal  and  lower 
leaves  spatulatc  or  oval,  entire,  or  rarely  some- 
what repand,  very  obtuse,  i'-2'  long,  nar- 
rowed into  petioles;  upper  leaves  oblong  or 
spatulate.obtuse  or  acute,  mostly  sessile, smaller, 
entire  or  dentate;  heads  seven.!  or  immerous, 
.S"-io'''  broad,  usually  slender-peduncled;  in- 
volucre campanulate,  or  at  first  short-cyliudric; 
about  $"  high,  its  bracts  linear- lanceolate, acute 
sparingly  tomentose,  or  glabrate,  usually  with 
no  exterior  smaller  ones;  rays  S-12;  achenes 
glabrous,  at  least  below;  pappus  white. 

In  dry  soil,  Manitoba  to  Minnesota  and  Ne- 
braska, west  to  liritisli  Columbia  and  California. 
May  Auif. 

6.    Senecio  tomentdsus  Michx.    Woolly  Ragweed.    Ashwort.    (Fig.  4038.) 

S.  lunti-iiii'.u.s  Michx.  Kl.  Hor.  Am.  2:  ii<).      1803. 

I'ercnnial,  more  or  less  densely  aud  per- 
sistently tomentose  or  wooUy-canescent;  ,  ^ 
stems  rather  stout,  solitary,  or  sometimes  "' 
tufted,  K-2'2°  high.  Hasal  and  lower  leaves 
ovate-lanceolate,  oblong  or  rarely  spatu- 
late,  long-petioled,  erect,  very  obtuse,  2'-6' 
long,  '■'-2'  wide,  crenate-dentate,  narrowed 
or  truncate  at  the  base;  stem-leaves  few 
aud  distant,  small,  linear-lanceolate  or  spatu- 
late,  crenate  or  rarely  laciniate;  heads 
several  or  numerous,  corymbose,  mostly  long- 
peduncled,  .s"-io"  broad;  involucre  cylindric, 
or  narrowly  campanulate,  its  bracts  linear-lan- 
ceolate, acute  or  acuminate,  at  length  glabrate, 
with  or  without  a  few  small  outer  ones;  rays 
10-15;  achenes  hispidulous,  at  least  on  the 
angles;  pappus  white. 

In  moist  soil,  southern  New  Jersey  to  Klorida, 
west  to  Louisiana.    April-June. 


COMI'OSlTAi;, 


[Vor,.  III. 
Prairie 


7.   Senecio  Plattensis  Xutt. 

Ragwort.     (  Kig.  4039. ) 

S.  nallensh  Nult,  Trail!*.  Am.  I'liil.  Sof.  MI)  7.  iij. 
1S41, 

I'ereniiial,  similar  to  the  preceding  species,  usu- 
ally sinallcr-leiivcd,  lower  and  less  toinciitosc,  i>r 
beroiniii^;  glHbrate  in  ane,  scldotii  over  1  'j"  Inn''- 
Hasnl  leaves  oval,  ovate  or  ol)loii),',  some  or  all  of 
them  more  or  less  piniiatifid,  will)  the  terminal 
segment  much  larger  than  the  lateral  ones,  crenu- 
late  or  dentate,  long-pctioleil;  heads  sc\cral  or 
numerous,  compactly  or  loosely  corynihosc,  con- 
spicuously radiate. 

Illinois  to  South  Dakota,  Nebraska  and  the  Indian 
Territory.    April-June. 


\>\1 


'■>*•'■'■,»>,, 


8.   Senecio  antennariifdlius  Britton. 
Cat's-paw  Ragwort.     (Fig.  4040.) 

Perennial,  tufted  iu  mostly  large  clumpf,;  stems 
slender,  S'-i8'  high,  loosely  white-woolly.  Leaves 
nearly  all  basal,  commonly  numerous,  oval  to 
spatulate,  augulatcly  few-toothed  or  entire,  mostly 
obtuse,  narrowed  into  a  petiole  as  long  as  the  blade 
or  longer,  densely  white-tomcntose  beneath,  green 
and  finally  glabrous  above,  I'-iYz'  long;  stem-leaves 
small,  spatulate,  laciniate,  or  the  upper  narrowly 
linear  and  entire;  heads  several,  corymbose,  slen- 
der-peduncled,  rather  less  than  i'  broad;  rays 
golden-yellow,  showy;  involucre  3"  high,  white- 
woolly;  acl.eues  glandular-pubescent. 

White  Sulphur  Springs,  West  Virginia,  on  a  loose 
slate  hillside,  T.  F.  Allen  and  N.  L.  Ilritton,  Jlay  i6, 
1897;  Blue  Ridgf,  Virginia,  S.  B.  Buckley,  18^8. 


Senecio  obov^tus  Muhl. 


Roiiiid-leaf  Sqiiaw-weed.     (Fig.  4041.) 

Srnecio  oAoz'u/w.t  JIulil.;  Willd.  Sp.  PI.  3:  1999.      I'^oj. 
Senecio  F.lliollii't.  &.  G.  l''l.  N.  A.  2:  443.      1843. 
5.  aureus  var.  obitznilus  T.  &  G.  loc.  cit.  442.      1843. 

Perennial;  stems  commonly  several  from  the 
same  root,  glabrous,  or  a  little  woolly  at  the  base, 
9'-24'  high.  Leaves  glabrous,  rather  thick,  the 
basal  ones  obovate  with  a  cuneate  base,  or  spatu- 
late, very  obtuse  and  rounded  at  the  apex,  i'-}'/i' 
long,  yi'-2'  wide,  creuate-dentatc,  often  purplish, 
usually  with  short  margined  petioles,  or  the  earli- 
est sessile;  stem-leaves  commonly  few  and  sessile, 
spatulate  to  oblong,  often  incised  or  pianatifid,  the 
uppermost  very  small;  heads  several,  corymbose, 
6"-?i"  broad,  about  3"  high,  slender-peduncled; 
involucre  nearly  cylindric,  its  principal  bracts 
linear-lanceolate,  i"-'s"  long,  acute,  usually  with 
1-3  small  exterior  ones;  rays  8-12,  usually  con- 
spicuous, achenes  glabrous;  pappus  white. 

In  moist  .soil  and  on  banks,  Nova  Scotia  to  Florida, 
west  to  Ontario,  Michigan,  Kentucky  and  Missouri. 
April-June. 


Senecio  obovJitus  elong&tus  ( Fursh )  Britton. 
Senecio  elongalus  Pursli,  Fl.  Am.  Sept.  529.      1814. 

Stem  slender,  weak;  leaves,  or  some  of  them,  with  tufts  of  wool  in  their  axils;  heads  few, 
less  or  short-rayed,  often  longpeduncled.     On  moist  shaded  banks,  eastern  Pennsylvania. 


ray- 


Gl'.Nlsys] 


THISTI,!-;   FAMILY. 


479 


Senedo  obovitui  rotiindus  Iliittiiii. 
Hiisiil  leaven  orbicular,  UnmiUy  oviil,  nr  ovale  (irbicuhir,  riitlicr  aliniptly  iiarruwid  into  the  peli- 
iile,  the  liirKer  J.'j'-.V  broad.     On  wet  banks,  or  rocks,  Kentucky  tn  Missouri  anil  the  Indian  Territory. 


Indi.iii 


V 


L 
2 


10.    Senecio  discdideus  (Hook)  Ikitton. 
Northern  vSquawwced.     (Fig.  4042.) 

Seiifdo  aitteiia  var.  ttiutiiilfin  Hook.  I'l.  Ilor.  .\ni.  i: 

reretinial,  glabrous  except  for  small  tufts  of 
wool  in  the  axils  of  the  lower  leaves;  stem  rather 
stout,  i°-2°  tall;  basal  leaves  oval  to  ovate,  obtuse, 
thin,  sharply  dentate,  abruptly  narrowed  into  peti- 
oles longer  than  the  blade;  stem-leaves  few,  small, 
more  or  less  laciniate;  heads  few  or  several,  slen- 
der-peduncled,  corymbose;  bracts  of  the  involucre 
narrowly  linear,  },"-$"  long;  rays  very  short,  or 
none;  achenes  glabrous. 

In  moist  places,  Michigan  to  the  Northwest  Territory, 
June-Aug. 


IX.    Senecio  BalsSmitae  Miihl. 

.sam  (irotmdsel.     (Fig.  4043.) 

Seiieci,!  tlalsamilaetiluM.,  Wilkl,  Sp.  PI.  1999.  1)504. 
Senecio  aureus  var.  /{a/suiiii/ae  T.  &  G.  Kl.  N.  A. 

2:44-'.      1843- 

Perennial,  often  tufted,  stems  slender,  io'-2o' 
high,  woolly  at  the  base  and  in  the  axils  of  the 
lower  leaves.  Basal  leaves  sleuder-petioled, 
oblong,  rarely  slightly  spatulate,  very  obtuse, 
narrowed  at  the  base,  mostly  thick,  crenate, 
often  purplish,  i'-3'  long,  3"-6"  wide,  their 
petioles  and  sometimes  their  lower  surfaces 
persistently  tonientose  or  woolly,  or  glabrous 
throughout;  lower  stem-leaves  petioled,  laciin- 
ate  or  pinnatifid,  the  upper  sessile,  very  sniitll; 
heads  few  or  several,  slender-pcduncled,  6"-i()"' 
broad,  s"-\"  high;  rays  8-12;  achenes  usually 
hispidulous  on  the  angles;  pappus  white. 

In  dry  or  rocky  soil.  Nova  Scotia  to  North  Caro- 
lina, west  t3  Washington,  British  Columbia,  Texas  and  Nebraska.     May-July. 

12.    Senecio  Smallii  Britton.     Small'-s     ^ 
Squaw-weed.     (Fig.  4044.)  !\^ 

S.auteiisvir.  a nf^^us/i/oli  11  sMriiion,  Mem.Torr.  Club, 

2:39.      i'"^'^'-     Hoi  S.  aiif^u.s/i/olii/sWiWd.    1804. 
.v.  5h/(j///;  Ilritton,  Mem.  Torr.  Club,  4:  132.     1S93. 

Similar  to  the  precedin;;  species  but  taller,  grow- 
ingin  largeclumps.  Stem  i,I^°-2;j°  high,  slender, 
densely  and  persistently  floccose-woolly  at  the 
base  and  in  the  lower  axils,  or  finally  glabrate; 
basal  leaves  elongated-oblong  or  linear- oblong, 
obtuse  or  acute,  long-petioled,  creuate-dentate, 
y-6'  long,  3''-9'''  wide, at  first  tomentose,  at  length 
nearly  glabrous;  stem-leaves  several,  deeply  pin- 
natifid, or  the  lower  lyrate,  "  i»  uppermost  very 
small;  heads  very  numerous,  4'^-y  broad,  about 
2/i''  high,  slender-pedunclcd,  fortung  large  cor- 
ymbs; rays  S-io;  achenes  hispidulous;  pappus 
white. 

In  meadows  and  thickets,  mountains  of  Virginia 
and  North  Carolina.     M.iy-June. 


4So 


COMl'OSITAi:. 


[Vor,.    III. 


13- 


Senecio  compactus  (A.  Gray)  Rydberg. 
Western  Squaw-weed.     (Fig.  4045.) 

Senecio  aureus  var.  eom/xir/iis  \.  Gray,  Syn.  I-'l.  i:  I'arl  2, 

>li.        S84. 
Seiuritiaunjftac/iis  Kyilbcrif,  Mem.  Torr.  Club,  5:  3)2.    iSyj. 

I'ereiinial;  stem  usually  tufted,  low,  rather  stout, 
6'-i2'  bigli,  woolly  at  the  I>asc  and  in  the  lower  axils, 
or  j(lahrous.  Hasal  leaves  linear-cuiieatc,  entire  or  >- 
toothed  at  the  apc.x,  i'-3'  long,  2" -3"  wide,  thick, 
slender-petioled,  the  petioles  commonly  woolly-mar- 
gined; lowcrsteni-leavcs  often  much  larger  and  broader, 
usually  laciniate  or  pinnatifid,  but  sometimes  similar 
to  the  basal,  the  uppermost  very  small  and  sessile; 
heads  several,  S"-io"  broad,  short-pcduncled  in  a  com- 
pact corymb;  rays  10-15;  achenes  hispidulous;  pap- 
pus white. 

On  dry  plains,  Nebraska  and  Colorado  to  Texas, 


May- 


June. 


14.   Senecio  Robbinsii  Oakes.     Rob- 
bins'  Sf^uaw -weed.     (Fig.  4046). 

Seiieiid  AV)i/i/«,v/;  Oakes;  Kiisby,  Hull.  Torr.  Club, 
20:  19.       1S93. 

Perennial,  glabrous  or  very  nearly  so  through- 
out; stems  slender,  l°-2}4°  high.  Hasal  leaves 
long-petioled,  lanceolate,  obtuse  oracute  at  the 
apex,  cordate,  subcordatc  or  truncate  at  the 
ba,se,  usually  thin,  2'-4'  long,  '.'-iV  wide, 
sharply  dentate;  heads  .several  or  numerous, 
slender-peduncled  in  an  open  corymb,  8'''-lii" 
broad;  rays  6-12;  achenes  glabrous;  pappus 
white. 

In  swamps  and  mountain  meadows,  nortlicrn 
New  Ilanipsliire,  Vermont  and  New  York,  and  on 
the  summit  oi   Koan  Mountain,  N.  C.     Juiie-Sept. 


15.    Senecio  aureus  L.     Golden 
Ragwort.    Life-root.     Swamp  Squaw- 
weed.     (F-ig.  4047.) 

Seiitrio  aureus  I,.  Sp.  PI.  S70.      I75.i. 

Perennial,  glabrous  or  very  nearly  so 
throughout;  stems  rather  slender,  solitary  or 
tufted,  i°-2j^"  high.  Hasal  leaves  cordate- 
ovate  or  cordate-orbicular  or  rcniform,  cre- 
nate-dentate,  very  obtust  and  rounded,  often 
purplish,  i''-6'  long,  with  long  slender  peti- 
oles; lower  stem-leaves  lanceolate  or  oblong, 
usually  laciniate,  pinnttifid  or  lyrate,  the 
uppermost  small,  sessile-,  somewhat  auricu- 
late  and  clasping;  heads  several,  8"-io" 
broad,  4"-5"  high,  slender-peduncled  in 
an  open  corymb;  rays  8-12,  golden-yellow; 
achenes  glabrous;  pappus  white. 

In  swamps  and  wet  meadows,  Newfoundland 
to  Florida,  west  to  Ontario,  Missouri  and  Texas. 
Called  also  Grundy  Swallow,  Palse  Valerian. 
Root  strong-scented.     May-July. 
Senecio  aiiieus  pauciflorus  ( Pursh )  Kritton. 
Senecio  (>auciJiorus  Pursh,  Fl.  Am.  Sept.  529.      1814. 

Glabrous  or  with  a  little  wool  in  the  axils  of  the  lower  leaves;  stem  rather  stout,  6'-l2'  high ;  basal 
leaves  ovate  to  orbicular,  about  'A'  broad,  cordate  or  subcordate  at  the  base,  crenatc;  stem-leaves 
few.  pinnatifid;  heads  i-io,  short-peduncled,  rather  large,  apparently  always  rayless.  Perhaps  a 
distinct  species.    Newfotnidland  to  the  Canadian  Rocky  Mountains. 


Gbnus  95.] 


THISTLE  FAMILY. 


481 


I'iirl  2, 


M,i>- 


i 


Senecio  aureus  gracilis  f  Piirsh )  Krittuii. 
Si'nerio^raii/i.s  I'ursli,  I-'l.  Am.  Sept.  529.      1814. 

Stem  slender,  1' -2"  liiRli,  the  lowest  axils  soiue- 
tiincs  woolly.  Basal  leaves  smaller  than  those  of  the 
type,  cordate  or  subcordate;  heads  numerous,  rather 
small;  rays  conspicuous,  In  wet  soil,  Rhode  Island 
to  Michigan,  South  Dakota,  Virginia  and  Missouri. 

16.    Senecio  Douglasii  DC.     Douglas' 
Senecio.     (Fig.  4048.) 

Senecio  Doiii;lasii  DC.  Prodr.  6:  429.      iS,^7. 

Woody  at  the  base,  usually  branched,  some- 
times shrubby,  glabrous  or  toiiientose,  leafy, 
I°-6°  liigh.  Leaves  .sessile,  or  the  lowest  peti- 
oled,  nio.stly  thick,  1 '-3' long,  pinnately  parted 
into  3-9  linear  or  fdiforni  entire  .segments,  or  the 
upper,  or  sometimes  all  of  them,  linear  and  en- 
tire; heads  corymbose  at  the  ends  of  the  branches, 
Yz'-l'  broad,  slenderpeduncled;  involucre  cyl- 
indric  or  becoming  campanulate,  .("-6"  high, 
its  bracts  linear,  acute  or  acuminate,  usually 
with  some  subulate  exterior  ones;  rays  8-15; 
achenes  canescent;  pappus  bright  white. 

Plains,  in  dry  soil,  Nebraska  to  Te.xas  and  Mexico, 
west  to  California.     June-Sept. 

Senecio  palustris  (L.)  Hook.     Marsh  Fleawort.     Pale  Ragwort. 

Marsh  Groundsel.     (Fig.  4049.) 

Ciiiernn'ti  palusli  is  L.  Sp.  PI.  VA.  2,  24,^.       176,^. 
Senecio  paliislris  Hook.  I'l.  lior.  Am.  i:,5,U-      i^J.S- 

Annual  or  bieiniial,  pubescent  or  glabrate; 
stem  stout,  simple,  hollow,  ()'-iY  high.  Leaves 
lanceolate,  oblong  or  spatulate,  entire,  dentate, 
or  laciniate,  acute  or  obtuse,  2'--'  long,  y'-i-," 
wide,  or  the  upper  linear-lanceolate  and  small, 
those  of  the  stem  sessile  aiul  somewhat  auricu- 
late-clasping,  the  basal  petioled;  heads  numer- 
ous, 6"-i2"  broad,  mo.stly  short-peduncled  in  a 
large,  rather  dense,  terminal  corymb;  involucre 
cylindric,  becoming  campanulate,  2<"-A"  '''K''. 
its  bracts  linear,  acute,  more  or  less  pubescent, 
with  no  shorter  outer  ones;  rays  15-20,  pale-yel- 
low; achenes  glabrous;  pappus  white,  elongated, 
at  length  twice  the  length  of  the  involucre. 

In  swamps,  Iowa  and  Wisconsin  to  Manitoba  and 
arctic  America,  wes-t  to  .Maska.  Reported  from 
Labrador.  .Mso  in  Greenland,  northern  ICurope 
and  .\sia.    ]uue-.\ng. 


Butterweed. 

(Fig.  4050.) 

iSo^,  Not  I,,  l-^^■ 
1S07. 


18.    Senecio  lobatus  Pcrs. 
Cre.ss-leavcd  Ground.sel. 

.").  /r/n/K.v  Jlichx.Kl.Hor.Am.2:  120. 
Seiiecto  lobalus  Pers.  Syn.  2:  4,^6. 

.Vnnual,  glabrous  throughout,  or  slightly  woolly 
when  young,  flesliy  and  tender;  stem  hollow,  sim- 
ple or  branched,  l°-3"  high.  Leaves  2'-lo'  long, 
pinnately  divided,  the  segments  orbicular,  oblong, 
obovate  or  cuneate,  obtuse,sinuate  dentate,  entire  or 
lobed,  the  terminal  segment  usually  larger  than  the 
others;  lower  and  basal  leaves  slender-petioled; 
heads  numerous,  ""-lo"  broad,  sleinler-peduncled 
in  terminal  corymbs;  involucre  nearly  cylindric, 
2/4"  liigh,  its  bracts  linear,  acute,  usually  with  no 
small  outer  ones;  rays  6-12;  achenes  tninutely  his- 
pidulous  on  some  of  the  angles;  pappus  white, 
somewhat  longer  than  the  involucre. 

In  swamps,  Missouri  and  southern  Illinois  to  North 
Carolina,  New  Mexico,  Mexico  and  Florida.  April- 
Sept.  3t 


482 


COMPOSITAE. 


[Vol..  III. 


Senecio  Jacobaea  I,. 


id 


i4(' 


Tansy  Ragwort.     Staggerwort.     (Fig.  4051.) 

Senecio  Jacobaea  L.  Sp.  I'l.  S70.      1753. 

Perennial  by  short  thick  rootstocks,  some- 
what woolly,  or  glabrous;  stems  stout,  simple,  or 
branched  above,  2°-4°  liiKh,  very  leafy.  Leaves 
2-pinnatiful,  2'-8'  long,  the  lower  petioled,  the 
upper  sessile,  the  lobes  oblong-cuneate,  den- 
tate or  ii'.cised;  heads  very  numerous,  6"-8" 
broad,  short-peduncled  in  large  compact  corymb; 
involucre  narrowly  conipanulate,  about  2}i" 
high,  its  bracts  linear-lanceolate,  acute,  green,  or 
tipped  with  black,  usually  with  a  few  subulate 
outer  ones;  rays  12-15;  achenes  of  the  disk- 
flowers  pubescent,  those  of  the  rays  glabrous; 
pappus  white. 

In  waste  places,  Nova  Scotia,  Ni-w  Kninswick 
ami  t)ntariu.  and  in  ballast  about  New  York  and 
Philadelphia.  Adventive  fmni  Kuriipe.  Called  also 
.Staverwort,  Cankerwecd,  Keltle-dock,  St.  James- 
wort,  Pelun-weed,  I'airies'  Horse,  KaKweed.  July- 
.Sepl. 


Senecio  sylvaticus  L.     Wood 
Groiuulsel.     (Fig.  4052.) 

Seitecio  sylialiais  I,.  Sp.  I'l.  868.      175.5. 

Annual,  glabrous  or  puberulent;  stem  usually 
much  branclied,  i°-2!<°  high,  leafy.  Leaves 
pinnatilid,  oblong  or  lanceolate  in  outline,  the 
segments  oblong  or  spatulate,  obtuse,  dentate, 
lobed  or  entire,  or  the  uppermost  leaves  linear 
and  merely  dentate;  heads  several  or  numerous 
in  the  corymbs,  slender-peduncled,  about  2" 
Droad,  3"-4"  high;  involucre  usually  quite  -^^2iJVj^^i/!',V'j 
naked  and  swollen  at  the  base;  rays  none,  or 
very  short  and  recurved;  achenes  canescent; 
pappus  white. 

In  waste  places,  Nova  Scotia  and  Prince  Kdward 
island.  Also  on  the  coasts  of  California  and  liritish 
Columbia.  Naturalized  or  adventive  from  Kurope. 
April-Sept. 


^^^'m 


j-<- 


Senecio  vulgaris  L,.     Common 
Groinulsel.     (Fig.  4053.) 

Scneiio  tulgaiis  L.  Sp.  I'l.  S67.      1753. 

.Annual,  puljerulent  or  glabrate;  stem  hollow, 
usually  much  branched,  b'-is'  high.  Leaves 
pinnatifid,  2'-6'  long,  the  lower  spatulate  in 
outline,  petioled,  obtuse,  the  upper  sessile  or 
cla.sping  at  the  base,  more  deeply  lobed  or  in- 
cised, their  segments  oblong,  dentate;  heads 
several  or  numerous  in  the  corymbs,  nearly  3" 
broad,  4"-6"  liigh;  bracts  of  the  involucre  linear, 
often  blackish-tipped,  almost  always  with  a  few 
subulate  outer  ones;  rays  none;  achenes  slightly 
canescent;  pappus  white. 

In  cultivated  ground  and  waste  places,  New- 
foundland and  Hudson  Bay  to  Virginia,  west  to 
Minnesota  and  Michigan.  .Mso  on  the  Pacific 
Coast  Naturalized  from  Kurope.  Other  names 
are  Grinsel,  Simson,  Birdseed,  Cliickenwced. 
April-Oct. 


Genus  95.] 


THISTLE  FAMILY. 


22.    Senecio  viscosus  L.     Fetid  or  Viscous 
Groundsel.     (Fig.  4054.) 

Sen f do  viscosus  L.  Sp.  PI.  868.      1753. 

Annual,  viscid-pubescent,  .strong-.scented;  stem  usually 
much  branched,  i°-2°  high.  Leaves  1-2-piiinatifid,  i '2'- 
3'  long,  oblong  or  somewhat  spatulate  in  outline,  the  seg- 
ments oblong  or  cuneate,  dentate  or  incised;  lower  leaves 
petioled;  heads  few  in  the  corymbs,  ;,"  4"  broad,  mostly 
slender-peduncled;  involucre  nearly  cj-lindric,  4"-5" 
high,  its  bracts  linear,  acute,  usually  with  1-3  shorter 
outer  ones;  raj.s  commonly  about  20,  very  short,  recurved 
and  inconspicuous;  achenes  glabrous;  pappus  bright 
white,  about  one-third  longer  than  the  involucre. 

In  waste  places  and  on  ballast  near  the  coast,  New  Hruns- 
wick  to  North  Carolina.    July-Sept. 


96.    ARCTIUM  L.  Sp.  PI.  816.      1753. 

Large  coarse  branching,  rough  or  canescent,  ino.stly  biennial  herbs,  with  broad  alternate 
petioled  leaves,  and  rather  large  heads  of  purple  or  white  perfect  tubular  flowers,  racemose, 
corymbose  or  paniculate  at  the  ends  of  the  brandies.  Involucre  snbglobose,  its  bracts  rigid, 
lanceolate,  tipped  with  spreading  or  erect  hooked  bristles,  imbricated  in  many  series.  Recep- 
tacle flat,  densely  bristly.  Corollas  tubular  with  5-cleft  limbs.  ■  Filaments  glabrous.  Anthers 
sagittate  at  the  base.  Achenes  oblong,  somewhat  compressed  and  3-angle(l,  ribbed,  truncate. 
Pappus  of  numerous  short  serrulate  scales.     [Greek,  bear,  from  the  rough  involucre.] 

About  6  species,  natives  of  luirope  and  .\sia. 
Bracts  densely  cottony;  heads  cnrynibose.  i.   .(.  fomciilosioii. 

Bracts  of  the  involucre  glabrous,  or  slightly  woolly. 

Involucre  I '  broad  or  more;  inner  bracts  cciualling or  i-xceediiig  the  flowers.    2.  A.  Lappa. 

Involucre  6" -9"  broad;  inner  bracts  not  e.xceediiig  the  flowers.  j.  A.  minus. 

I.   Arctium  tomentosum  (Latn.)  Schk. 
Woolly  or  Cottony  Burdock.     (Fig.  4055.) 

Lappa  loim'niosn  I,aiii.  I'.iicycl.  i:  377.      1783. 
A>rtiii»i  foviDiliisiim  Sclik.  liot.  Ilaiidb.  3;  49.      1803. 
Arr/iniii  Lappa  var.  lonienlosuvt  K.  Gray,  Syn.  Fl.  i: 
I'art  2,  397.      1884. 

Similar  to  the  following  species.  Heads  8"- 
10"  broad,  corymbose  at  the  ends  of  the  branches, 
nio.stly  long-peduncled;  bracts  of  the  involucre 
den.sely  cottony,  tlie  inner  ones  erect  and  somewhat 
shorter  than  the  flowers. 

In  waste  places,  ^'vw  Brunswick  to  Massachusetts 
and  soutlu-rii  New  ^  irk.  .Xdveiilivc  from  Europe. 
July-AuR. 


2.  Arctium  Lappa  L.     Great  Bur,  Bttrdock, 
or  Clotbur.     (Fig.  4056.) 

Arctium  Lappa  L.  Sp.  PI.  816.      1753. 

Lappa  wnyor  Gaertn.  Fruct.  &  Sem.  2: 379.  pi.  162.      1802, 

Stem  much  branched,  4°-9°  high.  Leaves  thin, 
broadly  ovate,  pale  and  tomeutose  canescent  beneath, 
obtuse,  entire,  repand  or  dentate,  mostly  cordate,  the 
lower  often  iS'  long;  petioles  solid,  deeply  furrowed ; 
heads  clustered  or  subcorymbose,  sometimes  long-pe- 
duncled, \'-\y^'  broad;  bracts  of  the  involucre  gla- 
brous or  nearly  so,  their  spines  all  spreading,  the  inner 
ones  equalling  or  exceeding  the  flowers;  corolla-tube 
longer  than  the  limb. 


484 


COMPOSITAE. 


[Vol,,  in. 


In  waste  places,  New  Uninswick  and  Ontario  to  f  outlicin  New  York,  and  locally  in  the  interior. 
Not  nearly  as  common  as  the  next  species  in  the  Middle  Slates.  Naturalized  from  liuropc.  Other 
names  are  Cockle-bur,  Cockle-button,  Cuckold  dock.  Hurr  bur,  Slick-button,  Harduck,  Bardane, 
Beggar's  Buttons.    July- Oct. 

3.   Arctium  minus  Schk.     Comtiion 
Burdock.     (Fig.  4057.) 

Arcliiiiii  iiiiiiiis  Schk.  Bot.  Handb.  3:  49.      1S03. 

I.apfa  minor  DC.  I'l.  Fran.  4:  77.      1805. 

Aiclium  Lappa  var.  minus  A.  Gray,  Syn.  Fl.  1:  Part 

2,  397.      1S84. 

Smaller  than  the  preceding  species,  seldom  over 
5°  high.  Leaves  similar,  the  lower  deeply  cordate; 
petioles  hollow,  not  deeply  furrowed;  heads  num- 
erous, racemose  on  the  branches,  sliort-peduncled 
or  sessile,  6"-9"  broad;  bracts  of  the  involucre 
glabrous  or  slightly  cottony;  the  .spines  of  the  outer 
ones  .spreading,  those  of  the  inner  erect  and  shorter 
than  the  flowers;  corolla-tube  about  as  long  as  the 
limb. 

In  waste  places,  common  throughout  our  area. 
Naturalized  from  liurope.  Called  <ilso  Cuckoo  Button. 
Leaves  rarely  laciniate  or  pinnatifid.    ]uly-Nov. 


97.    CARDUUS  L.  Sp.  PI.  S20.      1753. 

Ivrect,  branching  or  simple,  pricklv  herbs,  some  species  acaulescent,  with  alternate  or 
basal,  sinuate-dentate  lobed  or  pinnatifid,  usually  very  spiny  leaves,  sometimes  decurrent,  and 
large  many-flowered,  .solitary  or  clustered,  discoid  heads  of  purple,  yellow  or  white,  tubular, 
perfect  and  fertile,  or  rarely  dioecious  flowers.  Involucre  ovoid  or  globose,  its  bracts  prickle- 
tipped  or  unarmed,  imbricated  in  many  series.  Receptacle  flat  or  convex,  bristly.  Corolla- 
tube  .slender,  the  limb  deeply  5-cleft.  filaments  pilo.se,  or  rarely  glabrous.  Anthers  sagit- 
tate at  the  base.  Style-branches  short  or  elongated,  obtuse.  Aclienes  obovate  or  oblong, 
cotnpr.'ssed  or  obtusely  4-angled,  gl, 'irons,  smooth  or  ribbed.  Pappus  of  several  series  of 
slender,  ulumose,  miimtely  serrulate,  or  simple  bristles,  connate  at  the  base.  [The  ancient 
Latin  name  of  these  plants.] 

About  250  species,  widely  distributed  in  the  northern  hemisphere.  Besides  the  following,  some 
35  others  occur  in  the  southern  and  western  parts  of  North  America. 

-A-   Pappus-bristles,  at  least  those  of  the  inner  flowers,  plumose.     (Plumed  Thistles.) 
t  Outer  involucral  bracts,  or  all  of  tlieni,  strongly  prickly-pointed. 
I.  Leaves  glabrous  or  hispid  above,  tomentose  beneath. 
All  the  bracts  of  the  involucre  tipped  with  prickles;  naturalized  weed.  i. 

Outer  bracts  prickle-tipped,  the  inner  merely  acuminate;  native  species. 
Branches  leafy  up  to  the  heads;  involucral  bracts  firm  or  rigid. 

Leaves  undivided,  lobed  or  dentate,  rarely  pinnatifid.  2. 

Leaves  deeply  pinn.itifid  into  lanceolate  or  linear  segments.  3. 

Heads  naked-peduncled.  i'  high;  involucral  bracts  thin.  4. 

2.  Leaves  tomentose  on  both  sides,  or  becoming  glabrous  above;  western. 
Leaves  pinnately  parted;  segments  linear,  entire  or  lobed.  5.  C.  Pilcheri. 

Leaves  pinnatifid  into  triangular  or  lanceolate  dentate  segments. 
Outer  bracts  with  spines  less  than  oiie-lialf  their  length. 

Leaf-lobes  triangular;  flowers  pink  or  purjile.  6.  C.  uudulalus. 

Leaf-lobes  linear-lanceolate  to  oblong;  flowers  cream-color.  7. 

Outer  bracts  with  spines  of  nearly  or  quite  their  length. 
Leaves  entire  or  undulate;  outer  pappus-bristles  barbellate. 

3.  Leaves  green  both  sides,  somewhat  pubescent  beneath 
Leaf- lobes  acute;  bracts  of  the  involucre  faintly  nerved.  10 

Leaf-lobes  blunt;  bracts  with  prominent  glutinous  midnerve.  11 

t  t  Br,icts  of  the  involucre  not  at  all  prickly-pointed,  or  scarcely  .so. 
Heads  large,  few,  i'-4'  broad;  flowers  all  perfect  and  fertile. 

Heads  invoUicrate  by  the  upper  very  spiny  leaves ;  flowers  usually  yellow.    1 2.  C.  spinosissimiis, 
Heads  peduncled,  naked,  or  with  i  or  2  bracts  at  the  base;  flowers  purple.  i„    C.  niuticus. 
Heads  small,  numerous,  i'  or  less  broad;  flowers  imperfect,  dioecious.  14.  C.  arvensis. 

¥:  %  Pappus-bristles  simple,  or  minutely  serrulate.    (Plumeless  Thistles.) 
Head  solitary,  nodding;  bracts  of  the  involucre  lanceolate.  15.  C.  nulans. 

Heads  clustered,  erect  or  ascending;  bracts  linear.  16.  C.  crispus. 


C.  lanceolaltis. 


C.  allissinius. 

C.  discolor. 

C.  Virginianiis. 


C.  Plalleusis. 

8.  C.  ochrocentriis. 

9.  C.  Aebraskensis. 

C.  odoralus. 
C.  Hillii. 


[Vol,,  III. 

lie  interior, 
ope.  OUier 
k,  Bardaiie, 


ainmon 

18.13. 
11.  Fl.  i:  Part 

seldom  over 
;ply  cordate; 
heads  nutn- 
rt-peduucled 
he  involucre 
s  of  the  outer 
:t  and  shorter 
IS  long  as  the 


out  our  area. 
:uckoo  BuUon. 
ulv-Nov. 


h  alternate  or 
decurrent,  and 
white,  tubular, 
bracts  prickle- 
istly.  Corolla- 
Anthers  sagit- 
vate  or  oblong, 
jveral  series  of 
[The  ancient 

following,  some 
histlcB.) 

I. 

C.  laiueola/us. 


C.  allissiiniis. 
C.  discolor. 
C.  Virginia""^- 
stern. 
C.  Pilcheri. 


C.  undulalus. 
C.  Plailensis. 
C.  ochrocentnis. 
C.  jXebraskeiisis. 

C.  odoialus. 
.  C.  Hitlii. 

'  so. 

C.  spinosissinius. 
C.  miilicus. 
C.  aivensis. 

istlea.) 

5.  C.  nutans. 

6.  C.  aispus. 


Geni-s  97.] 


THISTLE  FAMILY, 


I.   Carduus  lanceoldtus  L.     Common 
Bur  or  Spear  Thistle.     (Fig.  405S.) 

Carduus  lanccolatus  I,.  Sp.  PI.  ^21.      1753. 

Cirsium  lanceolalimi  Scop.  Fl.  Cam.  Kd.  2,  2: 130.  1772. 

Cnicus  lanceolaliis  WilUl.  Prodr.  Fl.  Herol.  259.      I7^'7. 

Biennial;  stem  stout,  branched,  more  or  less 
tomento.se,  3°-5°  high,  leafy  to  the  heads.  Leaves 
dark  green, lanceolate,  acuminate,  deeply  pinnatiful, 
3'-6''  long,  or  the  lowest  larger,  decurrent  on  the 
stem  and  branches,  the  lobes  triangular-lanceolate, 
tipped  with  stout  prickles,  the  margins  and  decur- 
rent bases  bristly,  the  upper  surface  strigose-pubes- 
cent  or  hispid,  the  lower  brown-tomentose  and  mid- 
nerve  pilose  especially  when  young;  heads  mostly 
.solitary  at  the  ends  of  the  branches,  i  '^'-2'  broad, 
i^^'-a' high;  bracts  of  the  involucre  cottony,  nar- 
rowly lanceolate,  acuminate,  all  tipped  with  slen- 
der erect  or  ascending  prickles;  flowers  dark  purple. 

In  fields  and  waste  places,  Newfoundland  to  C.eorffia, 
west  to  Minnesota,  Nebraska  and  Jli.ssouri.  Natural- 
ized from  Kurope.  Native  also  of  .\sia.  Other  names 
are  Plume,  Bank,  or  Horse  Thistle,  Bell,  Bird,  Blue,  Button,  Bull  or  Roadside  Thistle.     July-Nov. 

2.    Carduus  altissimus  L.     Tall  or  Roadside  Thistle.     (Fig.  4059.) 

Carduus  allisshnus  I,.  Sp.  PI.  824.      1753. 
Cnicus  allissiinus  Willd.  Sp.  PI.  3:  1671."     1804. 
Cirsium  allissimum  Spreng,  Syst.  3:  373.      1826. 

Biennial  or  perennial;  roots  often  thickened; 
stem  pubescent,  or  tomentose,  stout,  branched, 
leafy  to  the  heads,  3°-lo°  high.  Leaves  ovate- 
oblong  or  oblong-lanceolate,  sessile,  or  slightly 
clasping,sparingly  pubescent  above, densely  whitc- 
tonientose  beneath,  .scarcely  or  not  at  all  decurrent, 
acute,  spinulose-niargined,  entire,  dentate  with 
bristle- pointed  teeth  or  lobed,  sometimes  pinnati- 
fid  into  oblong  or  triangular-lanceolate  segments, 
the  lowest  .sometimes  S'  long,  narrowed  into  mar- 
gined petioles,  the  uppermost  linear  or  lanceolate, 
much  smaller;  heads  about  2'  broad,  i}i'-l'  high, 
mostly  solitary  at  the  ends  of  the  branches;  outer 
bracts  of  the  involucre  ovate  or  ovate-lanceolate, 
firm,  with  a  dark,  slightly  glandular  spot  at  the 
apex,  tipped  with  short  prickles,  the  inner  linear- 
lanceolate,  acuminate,  unarmed;  flowers  light 
purple. 

In  fields  and  thickets,  Massaclui'Jclts  to  Minnesota, 
Florida,  Nebraska  and  Texas.     .Xng. -Sept. 


3. 


Carduus  discolor  (Miihl.)  Xutt. 
Field  Thistle.     (Fig.  4060.) 


1S04. 


Cnicus  discolor  MnM.;  Willd.  Sp.  PI.  3:  1670. 
C"(J'(/«tt,r  rf'V('/i);- Nutt.  ('.en.  3:  130.      181S. 
Cirsium  discolor  i'lpreng.  Syst.  3:  373.      1S26. 
Cnicus  allissimus  var.  discolor  k.  Gray,  Proc.  .\n\. 
Acad.  19:  57.      1883. 

Similar  to  the  preceding  species,  but  lower  and 
more  leafy,  seldom  over  7°  high.  Leaves  deeply 
pinnatifld  into  linear,  linear-lanceolate,  or  falcate, 
pricl.  ly  toothed  segments,  white  tomentose  beneath, 
sessile,  the  basal  ones  sometimes  12'  long;  heads 
J ^'-2'  broad,  about  I'A'  bigbi  usually  iiivolncrate 
by  the  tipper  leaves,  mostly  solitary  at  the  ends  of 
the  branches;  outer  bracts  of  the  involucre  coria- 
ceous, ovate,  slightly  woolly,  tipped  with  slender 
bristles,  which  are  longer  than  those  of  the  preced- 
ing species;  inner  bracts  lanceolate,  acuminate,  un- 
armed; flowers  light  purple  or  pink,  rarely  white. 

In  fields  and  along  roadsides,  Quebec  and  Ontario  to 
Georgia,  Minnesota,  Nebraskaand  Missouri.  July-Nov. 


~f^ 


486 


COMl'OSITAI-;. 


[Vol..  III. 


4.    Carduus  Virgini^nus  I^.      Virginia 
Thistle.     (Fig.  4061.) 

Cniiiuiis  Viii;i)iianns  h.  Sp.  I'l.  82).      175,^ 
Ciisiiiin  I'iigiiiianuin  Miclix.  I'l.  Bor.  Am.  2:  90. 

Cniciis  I  'hxiuiaiins  I'ursli,  I'l,  .\tii.  .Sept,  5116.    1H14. 

liiemiial;  stent  slender,  naked  or  scaly  above, 
pubescent  or  somewhat  tonientose,  simple  or 
branclieil,  2°-3,'2  "  liij;li.  I^eaves oblong,  oblong- 
lanceolate,  or  the  lowest  slightly  spatnlate,  ses- 
sile, or  somewhat  clasping,  not  decnrrent,  acute 
or  acutish,  spinulose-margined,  entire,  lobed  or 
pinnalifid  into  triangular-lanceolate  lobe.s,  the 
lower  sometimes  ,S'  long  and  2'  wide,  narrowed 
into  margined  petioles,  all  pube.scent  or  glabrate 
above,  and  densely  white-tomento.se  beneath; 
heads  long-pedunoled,  I'-iJ-^'  broad,  about  l' 
high ;  outer  bracts  of  the  involucre  not  coriaceous, 
lanceolate  or  ovate-lanceolate,  tipped  with  weak 
short  bristles,  the  inner  ones  very  narrow  and 
merely  acuminate;  flowers  purple. 

In  dry  woods  and  thickets,  Virginia  to  Kentucky, 
Ohio,  Florida  and  Te.xas.    April-Sept. 


5.    Carduus  Pitched  (Torr.)  Porter.     Pitcher's  Thistle. 

Cniciis  Pilrlieii  Torr.;  Iviton.  Man.  ICd.  ,5,  i8n.      1S29. 
Ci'sium  Pilchi'ii  T.  &  G.  Kl.  N.  A.  2;  156.      1843. 
Carduus  Pilcheri  I'ortcr,  Mem.  Torr.  Club,  5: 345.    1S94. 

Kiennial, persistently  white-tomentose  throughout; 
stem  stout,  leafy  up  to  the  heads,  usually  branched, 
i°-2"  high.  Leaves  sessile,  partly  clasping,  or 
slightly  decurrent,  pinnately  divided  into  narrowly 
linear,  entire  lobed  or  pinnatifid,  acute  sparingly 
prickly  segments  2"-},"  wide,  v.ith  revolute  mar- 
gins; basal  leaves  often  12'  long;  heads  .solitary  or 
several  and  raceniose-spicate  at  the  ends  of  the 
branches,  about  l//^'  broad;  outer  bracts  of  the  in- 
volucre ovate-lanceolate,  sparingly  pubescent  and 
tomentose-ciliate,  glutinous  on  the  back,  tipped 
with  short  spreading  bristles,  the  inner  narrowly 
lanceolate,  acuminate  or  sometimes  tipped  witli 
weak  prickles;  flowers  cream  color. 

Shorts  of  Lakes  MicliiKan,  Huron  and  .Superior. 
Junc-Aug. 


(Fig.  4062,) 


6.   Carduus  undul^tus  Nutt.     Wavy- 
leaved  Thistle.     (Fig.  4063.) 

Carduus  inidti/a/its  Nutt.  Gen.  2:  131).      1818. 

Cniciis  iindii/a/us  A.  Gray,  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  10:42.  1S74. 

Hiennial,  persistently  and  densely  white-tomen- 
tose throughout,  or  the  upper  surfaces  of  the  leaves 
at  length  green  and  glabrous;  stem  stout,  leafy,  usu- 
ally branched,  I°-3°  high.  Leaves  lanceolate  or 
oblong-lanceolate  in  outline,  acute,  sessile  or  decur- 
rent, or  the  lowest  petioled,  undulate,  lobed  or  pin- 
nalifid, the  lobes  dentate,  triangidar,  often  very 
prickly;  basal  leaves  often  S' long;  heads  about  2' 
broad,  and  nearly  as  high,  solitary  at  the  ends  of 
the  branches;  outer  bracts  of  the  involucre  ovate 
or  ovate- lanceolate,  firm,  glutinous  on  the  back, 
tipped  with  short  .spreading  prickles,  the  inner 
ones  lanceolate,  acuminate;  flowers  purple  or  pink. 

On  plains  and  prairies,  Lake  Huron  to  the  Northwest 
Territory  and  British  Columbia,  south  to  Kansas,  New 


Mexico  and  OrcKon.    June-Sept. 
Carduus  unduUtus  megacephalus  (A.  Gray)  Porter,  Mem.  Torr.  Club,  5:  345. 
CnicHS  vndutalns  var.  niejraci'p/ia/us  \.  Gray,  Proc,  Am.  Acad.  10:  42.      i8j'4. 
Heads  larger  than  in  the  type,  2' -3'  broad.     Minnesota  to  Idaho  and  Arizona. 


1894 


•Gknl'S  97.] 


THISTLE   FAMILY. 


487 


7.    Carduus  Plattensis  Rydberg. 
Prairie  Thistle.     (Fig.  4064. ) 

Caiiiiiiis  JVallensis   Kjdbcrjf,    Conlr.    Xal.    Herb. 
3:  167.    />/.  .'.     1.S95. 

rereniiial  or  biennial,  the  root  thick  and  deep. 
Stem  stout,  simple,  or  little  branched,  iyi°-2'z° 
tall,  densely  white-felted.  Leaves  deeplj'  pin- 
natifid,  white-totnentose  beneath,  Kfcen,  loosely 
tomentose,  or  glabrate  above,  the  lower  ^'-~' 
long,  the  lobes  lanceolate  to  oblong,  acute, 
prickly  tipped  and  margined;  upper  leaves  small- 
er and  less  diviiled;  heads  few,  about  2'  high  and 
broad;  outer  bracts  of  the  involucre  lanceolate 
to  ovate-lanceolate,  firm,  dark,  tipped  witl;  a 
short  weak  spreading  prickle,  the  inner  linear- 
lanceolate,  unarmed,  tipped  with  a  scarious  re- 
flexed  erose  appendage;  corolla  yellow,  its  lobes 
linear;  pappus  of  outer  flowers  merely  barbel- 
late. 

Saml  hills,  Nebraska  and  Soiitli  Dakota.  May- 
July. 


8.    Carduus  ochrocentrus  (A.  Gray)  Greene.     Yellow-spined  Thistle. 


Gray,   Mem.  .Am. 
I'roc.  Am.  .Acad. 


(Fig.  4065.) 

Cirsium    nclnocenlnim    A. 

Acad.  I;  110.       1849. 
Cniciis  oclirocenlriis  A.  Gray, 

19: 57-      iSS.-?- 
Cardiiusocliioit'ittiHS  Grctne,  I'roc.  Phil.  Acad. 
1892: 336.      1S93. 

Sinnlar  to  Carduus  iindulalu.';,  but  com- 
monly taller  and  more  leafy,  often  6°  high, 
equally  white-tomentose.  Leaves  oblong- 
lanceolate  in  outline,  usually  very  deeply 
pinnatifid  into  triangular-lanceolate,  serrate 
or  entire  segments,  armed  with  numerous 
long  yellow  prickles;  lower  leaves  often  6'-8' 
long;  heads  about  2'  broad,  lYi'-i'  high, 
solitary  at  the  ends  of  the  branches;  outer 
bracts  of  the  involucre  lanceolate;  tipped 
with  stout  yellow  prickles  of  nearly  or  quite 
their  own  length,  the  inner  narrowly  lanceo- 
late, long-acuminate;  flowers  purple  (rarely 
white?). 

On  plains,  Nebraska  to  Te.xas,  Nevada  and 
Arizona.     May-Sept. 


9.    Carduus  Nebraskensis  Britton. 
Nebraska  Thistle.     (Fig.  4066.) 

Stem  densely  white- woolly,  apparently  over  1° 
high.  Leaves  linear-oblong  to  lanceolate,  white- 
woolly  beneath,  green  and  sparingly  loosely  woolly 
above,  irregularly  slightly  toothed  or  entire,  the 
upper  3'-6'  long,  ^,i'-\'  wide,  the  margins  prickly; 
heads  solitary,  or  few,  short-peduncled,  about  lYz' 
high;  outer  bracts  of  the  involucre  lanceolate, 
prickle-tipped,  the  inner  narrower  with  a  reflexed 
acute  scariou-  ippendage;  pappus- bristles  of  inner 
of  the  outer  barbellate. 


flowers  plume 

Scott's  Blul. 
no.      1891). 


western  Nebraska  ( P.  A.  Rydberg,  No. 


[Vor,.  Ill, 
Fragrant  Thistle. 


■Ji  !. 


345- 


488  COMPOSITAE. 

10.    Carduus  odoratus  (Muhl.)  Porter.     Pasture  Thistle. 

(Fig.  4^67.) 

Cniiiis  oiioialiis  Mulil.  Cat.  711.      1S13. 
Cat  dims  puiiiilii.i  Niitt.  (".en.  2:  130.      181S. 
Cniiiis  fi II in  1/ II s  Tovr.  CuiniJciul.  2S2.      iHafi. 
Caiiiiiiis  odoialiis  PcirtLr,  Mem.  Torr.  Club,  5: 

Biennial,  more  or  less  villous-pubescent;  stem 
stout,  simple  or  branched,  leafy,  1°-,^°  high.  Roots 
thick,  branched,  solid;  stem-leaves  green  both 
sides,  sessile  and  clasping,  oblong  or  oblong-lan- 
ceolate in  outline,  acute,  3'-7'  long,  i'-2'  wide, 
,/  pinnatifid  into  triangular  acute  dentate  prickly 
lobes;  liasal  leaves  petioled;  heads  solitary,  termi- 
nal, 2'-Ty'  broad,  about  2'  high,  often  involucrate 
by  the  upper  leaves;  outer  bracts  lanceolate  or 
ovate-lanceolate,  with  a  slight  glutinous  strip  on 
the  back,  glabrous  or  sparingly  tomentose,  tipped 
with  slender  prickles,  the  inner  narrow, long-acum- 
inate; flowers  purple,  rarely  white,  fragrant;  tips 
of  the  pappus-bristles  usually  spatulate. 

In   fields,  Maine  to  Pennsylvania  and  Delaware, 
July-Sipt. 

II.    Carduus  Hillii  (Caiibv)  Porter. 
Hill's  Thistle.      (Fig.  406S.) 

Cnhiis  Hillii  Canby,  Card.  vV  Kor.  4;  loi.      1S91. 
Caniiius  IliUii  Porter,  Mtin.  Torr.  Club,  5;  34.(. 

1S94. 

Biennial  ?  low,  villous-pubescent  or  somewhat 
woolly;  stem  leafy,  simple  or  branched,  1^-2° 
high.  Root  perp.Midicular,  fusiform,  slender 
and  hollow  above,  enlarged  below,  8'- 1 2' long; 
leaves  green  both  sides,  mostly  obtuse,  lobed  or 
pinnatifid,  tin  lobes  mostly  broad  and  rounded, 
dentate,  spinulose  or  with  some  rather  stout 
prickles,  the  upper  oblong,  sessile  and  clasping, 
the  lower  spatulate- oblong,  narrowed  at  the 
base  or  the  lowest  ones  petioied  and  6'-S'  long; 
heads  2'-^'  broad,  about  2' high;  outer  bracts 
of  the  involucre  ovate-lanceolate,  tipped  with 
short  bristles,  conspicuously  glutinous  on  the 
back,  the  inner  narrowly  lanceolate,  long-acu- 
minate; flowers  purple;  pappu-s-bristles  slender- 
pointed  or  some  of  them  slightly  spatulate. 

In  fields,  western  Ontario  to  Minnesota,  south  to  Pennsylvania,  Illinois  and  Iowa. 

Carduus 


12. 


spinosissimus 


June-July. 

Walt. 


Yellow  Thi.stle.     (Fig.  4069.) 


Carduus  spinosissiiuus  Walt.  P'l.  Car.  194.      17S8. 
Ciisium  horriduluin  Miclix.  I'"l.  Hor.  Am.  2:  90.     1803. 
Ciiiciis  liorridiilus  Pursli,  Fl.  \m.  Sept.  507.      1814. 

Biennial  or  perennial,  somewhat  woolly  when  young, 
Ijut  becoming  glabrate;  stem  branched,  leafy,  2^-5° 
high.  Leaves  green  both  sides,  lanceolate  or  oblong 
in  outline,  sessile  and  clasping  or  the  basal  ones  short- 
petioled  and  somewhat  spatulate,  pinnatifid  into  tri- 
angular or  broader.spinulose-margined  and  prickle-tip- 
ped, entire  or  dentate  lobes;  heads  involucrate  by  the 
upper  leaves,  2^-4'  broad,  I  l4'-'i\i'  high;  bracts  of  the 
involucre  narrowly  lanceolate,  roughish  and  ciliate, 
long-acuminate,  unarmed;  flowers  pale  j'ellow,  yel- 
lowish, or  occasionally  purple. 

In  moist  or  dry  sandy  soil,  Maine  to  Pennsylvania, 
Florida  and  Texas,  .-abundant  along  the  edges  of  .salt- 
meadows  in  New  York  and  New  Jersey.  May- Aug.,  or 
earlier  in  the  South. 


Gkni;S97-] 


THISTLE   FAMILY. 


489 


13.   Carduus  muticus  (Michx.)  Pers.     Swamp  Thistle.     (Fig.  4070.) 


New  Jersey  to 


14. 


Chsium  iitKticutn  Michx.  Kl.  Bor.  Am.  2:  89.  1803. 
Carduus  muliciix  IVrs.  Syn.  2:  ,^S6.  1807. 
Cniciis  niiilicus  I'lirsli,  Fl.  Am.  Sept.  506.  1814. 
liienninl;  stem  woolly  or  villous  when 
young,  becoming  glabrate,  slender,  rtriate, 
leafy,  pauirulately  branched  above,  3°-8'^  high. 
Leaves  densely  white  tonientose  beneath  when 
young,  sometimes  becoming  glabrous  on  both 
sides,  deeply  pinnatifid  into  lanceolate  or  ob- 
long, entire,  lobed  or  <lentatc,  .spiny  segments 
usually  tippetlwilhslender prickles;  basal  leaves 
petioled,  4''-S'  long,  those  of  the  stem  .sessile 
and  smaller;  heads  about  i'^'  broad  and  high, 
solitary,  terminal,  naked-iieduncled,  or  with  a 
few  small  bract-like  leaves  near  the  base;  outer 
bracts  viscid,  appressed,  more  or  less  cottony, 
ovate  or  ovate-lanceolate,  the  inner  linear-lance- 
olate, acute,  all  unarmed;  flowers  purple. 

In  swamps  and   moist  soil,  Newfoundland   to 
Florida,  NortliwcstTerritory  and  Texas.   July-Ocl. 

Carduus  muticus  subpinnatifidus  nritton. 

Leavi's  lobed,  not  deeply  pinn.itind,  Rrtcn,  and  nearly  glabrous  on  both  sides. 
West  VirKinia. 

Carduus  arvensis  (L.)  Rob.s.     Canada  Thistle.     Creeping  Thistle. 

(Fig.  4071.) 

Serratula  arzensis  L.  Sp.  PI.  S20.      1753. 
Cirsium  n/rr/iJf  Scop.  Kl.  Cam.  Ivd.  2,  2:  126.      1772. 
Carduus  arvensis  V.iih^.  lirit.  Kl.  163.      1777. 
Ciiicns  arzensis  HotTm.  Deutsch.  Kl.  Kd.  2,  1:  Part  2, 

130.      1804. 

Perennial  by  horizontal  root.stocks,  fomiing 
patches,  nearly  glabrons;  stems  striate,  i°-3°  high, 
branched  above.  Leaves  sessile  and  slightly  clasp- 
ing, lanceolate  or  oblong-lanceolate,  deeply  pin- 
natifid into  very  prickly, lobed  or  dentate  segments; 
basal  leaves  sometimes  petioled,  s'-S'  long;  heads 
numerous,  corymbose,  dioecious,  1'  broad  or  less, 
nearly  i'  high,  purple  or  white,  staminate  heads 
globose,  corollas  projecting;  pistillate  heads  ob- 
long-canipanulate,  corollas  shorter,  the  long  pap- 
pus conspicuous;  outer  bracts  ovate  or  ovate-lan- 
ceolate, appressed,  tipped  with  short  prickly 
points,  inner  bracts  of  the  pistillate  heads  linear, 
elongated. 

In  fields  and  waste  places, Newfoundland  to  Virginia, 

Minnesota  and  Nebraska.  In  many  places  a  pernicious 

Called  also  Way 

June-Hept. 

15.    Carduus  nutans  I,.     Musk  Thistle. 
Plumeless  Thistle.     (Fig.  4072.) 

Carduus  nutans  L.  Sp.  PI.  821.      1753. 

lUennial,  branched,  sparingly  tonientose,  2°-3° 
high.  Leaves  lanceolate  in  outline,  deeply  pinnat- 
ifid, acuminate,  3'-6'  long,  the  lobes  triangular, 
very  prickly;  heads  long-peduncled,  solitary  at  the 
end  of  the  stem  or  branches,  i^'-2>^'  broad,  nod- 
ding, purple,  rarely  white,  fragrant;  bracts  of  the 
involucre  in  many  series,  lanceolate,  long  acumi- 
nate, the  prominent  mid-nerve  prolonged  into  a 
prickle,  or  the  inner  nerveless  and  awned;  pappus- 
bristles  io"-i'  long,  white,  very  minutely  barbed. 

In  waste  places,  Pennsylvania  and  New  Jersey  to 
New  Brunswick,  and  in  ballast  about  the  sea  ports. 
Naturalized  or  adventive  from  Kurope.  Native  also 
of  Asia.  Bank  or  Buck  Thistle,  yueen  Ann's  Thistle. 
July-Oct. 


weed.     Naturalized  from  Kurope 

or  Cursed  Thistle,  Corn  or  Hard  Thistle 


490 


COMI'OSITAK 
16 


[Vol,.  III. 


Carduus  crispus  L.     Curled  Thistle. 
VVeltc'd  Thistle.     (Kig.  4073.) 

Caidiiiis  (I  i\f>us  I..  Sp.  IM.  $2\.      175,). 

Hietiiiinl,  somewhat  toineiitose;  stem  iinieh 
branched,  densely  prickly,  2°  4°  111^1'.  Leaves 
lanceolate  in  outline,  with  undulate  and  ciliate- 
spiny  inar>(ins,  all  sinuate-pinnatifid  into  tiroad,  3- 
lobed,  toothed  segments,  the  teeth  prickle-pointed, 
heads  several,  usually  crowded  at  the  ends  ot'  the 
winged  branches,  i'  broader  less,  purple  or  white, 
sessile  or  short-peduncled,  or  some  of  them  rarely 
solitary  and  slenderpeduncled;  bracts  of  the  in- 
volucre very  numerous,  linear,  tlu;  outer  prickle- 
tipped  and  rigid,  the  inner  thinner  an<l  merely 
acuminate. 

Ill  waste  places,  New  Hninswiuk  anil  Nova  Scotia, 
and  in  ballast  about  the  seaports.  Adventive  from 
ICurope,     Native  also  of  .\sia.     July -Sept. 

98.   MARIANA  Hill,  Veg.  Syst.  4:  19.     1762. 

[SiLYHiM  Gaertn.  I'ruct.  i\:  Sem.  2:  39S.  />/.  162.  i.Soz.] 
Annual  or  biennial,  simple  or  branched,  nearly  glabrous  herbs,  with  large  alternate  clasp- 
ing, sinuate-lobed  or  pinnatifid,  white-blotched  leaves,  and  large  di.scoid  heads  of  purple  tubu- 
lar flowers,  solitary  at  the  end  of  the  stem  or  branches.  Involucre  broad,  subglobose,  its 
bracts  rigid,  imbricated  in  many  series,  the  lower  ones  finibriate-spinulose  at  the  broad  trian- 
gular summit,  the  middle  ones  similar  but  armed  with  huge  spreading  or  recurved  spines, 
the  inner  lanceolate,  acuminate.  Receptacle  flat,  den.sely  bristly.  Corolla-tube  slender,  the 
limb  expanded  and  deeply  5-cleft.  rilamentsmonadelphous  below,  glabrous.  Anthers  sagit- 
tate at  the  base.  Style  nearly  entire.  Achenes  obovate-oblong,  compressed,  glabrous,  sur- 
mounted by  a  papillose  ring.  I'appus-bristles  in  several  series,  flattish,  barbellate  or  scabrous. 
.\  nionotypic  genus  of  the  Mediterranean  reKion.     ^^    \,\[ 

I.    Mariana  Mariana  (L.)  Hill.     Milk 
Thistle.     (Fig.  4074.) 

Cirditus  Marianus  h.  Sp.  PI.  823.      1753. 
^fai  I'aiia  .Ifanana  Hill,  Ilort.  Kew.  61.      1769. 
Silvbum  Jfaii(tniim  Gaertn.  Fruct.  &  Sem.  2:  37S. 
1802. 

Stem  striate,  glabrous  or  slightly  woolly,  little 

branched,  2°-4°  high.   Leaves  oblong-lanceolate, 

prickly, strongly  clasping, the  lowerof ten  1 2' long 

and  6'  wide,  the  upper  much  smaller,  scarcely 

lobed,  acute;  heads  about  2}i'  broad;  spines  of 

the  middle   involucral  bracts  often   iji'  long; 

pappus-bristles  white,  barl.>ellate. 

i;scapt<l  from  gardens  near  Kingston,  Ontario 
(T.  Walker,  according  to  Macouii ),  in  ballast  about 
tlie  eastern  seaports,  and  on  the  Pacific  Coast  from 
Hritish  Columbia  to  southern  California,  where  it  is 
naturalized.  Called  also  Virgin  Mary's  Tliistle, 
Ladys  Milk,  Holy  Thistle.     June-Aug. 

99.   ONOPORDON  L.  Sp.  PI.  827.      1753. 

Coarse,  branching  or  rarely  acaulescent,  tomentose  herbs,  with  stout  stems  winged  by 
the  decurrent  bases  of  the  alternate  dentate  or  pinnatifid,  prickly  leaves,  and  large  discoid 
heads  of  purple  violet  or  white  flowers,  mostly  solitary  at  the  ends  of  the  branches.  Invo- 
lucre nearly  globular,  its  bracts  imbricated  in  many  series,  all  tipped  with  long  spines  in  our 
species,  the  inner  narrower  than  the  outer.  Receptacle  flat,  fleshy,  honeycombed,  not 
bristly.  Corolla-tube  slender,  the  limb  expanded  and  deeply  5-cleft.  Filaments  pilo.se.  An- 
thers sagittate  at  the  base.  Achenes  obovate  or  oblong,  4-angled  or  compressed,  sniooth  or 
corrugated.  Pappus-bri»tles  in  several  series,  filiform,  barbellate  or  plumose,  united  at  the 
base.     [Greek,  Asses'  thistle,  the  ancient  name.] 

About  12  species,  natives  of  the  Old  World. 


IkJ 


Gknts  41).] 


THISTLE   FAMILY 


Thistle. 


^ 


X.    Onopordon  Acanthium  L.     Cotton 
Thistle.     vScotch  Thistle.    (Fig.  4075.) 

()ii,'/>i>rd(>>i  AcantliiiiHi  I,.  Sp    IM.  -ii-.      \-s\. 

Iliennial,  wl)iteloim.iito>f  all  over;  stem  usu- 
ally iiuii'li  l)raiulic(l,  leafy,  3^-9^  '''K''-  Leaves 
ohlotig,  lolifd  and  ilcntate,  acute,  very  spiny, 
the  lower  often  n'  lon^;  heads  1  ■2'-2' hroail, 
about  i^'J'  hijih,  solitary  at  the  ends  of  the 
branches;  outer  bracts  of  the  involucre  ovate  or 
oblon({,  minutely  serrulate,  tipped  with  lon^; 
stout  spreading  spines;  llowers  pale  purple; 
achenes  slightly  corrugated;  pappus-bristles 
brownish,  longer  than  tlie  acliene. 

In  waste  places.  Nova  Scotia  and  Ontario  to  New- 
Jersey  and  .Micliijfan.  Naturali/cd  from  Ivumpc. 
Native  also  of  Asia.  Called  also  .\rKentine,  .Asses', 
Oat  or  Down  Thistle,  Oncen  Mary's  or  Silver 
Thistle.      July-Sept. 

100.  CENTAUREA  L.  Sp.  PI.  (J09.  1753. 
rerennial  or  annual  herbs,  with  alternate  entire  dentate  incised  or  pinnatifid  leaves,  and 
large  or  niiddle-si/ed  heads,  of  tubular  purjjle  violet  white  or  rarely  yellow  llowers.  Involu- 
cre ovoid  or  globose,  its  bracts  ind^ricted  in  many  series,  appre.ssed,  fnnbrillate,  or  dentate. 
Receptacle  flat,  densely  bristly.  Marginal  flowers  usually  neutral  and  larger  than  the  central 
ones,  which  are  perfect  anil  fertile,  or  flowers  all  perfect  and  fertile  in  some  species.  Corolla- 
tube  sleniler,  the  limb  regular  or  oblicjue,  5-cleft  or  5-lobed,  the  segments  sometimes  appearing 
like  rays,  .\nthers  sagittate  at  the  ba.se.  Siyle-lnanches  short,  somewhat  connate,  obtuse. 
.•\chenes  oblong  or  obovoid,  compressed  or  obtusely  4-angled,  usually  smooth  and  shining, 
obliquely  or  laterally  attached  to  the  receptacle,  surmounted  by  a  disk  with  an  elevated  mar- 
gin. I'appus  of  several  series  of  bristles  or  scales,  rarely  none.  [lireek,  of  the  Centaurs, 
who  were  said  to  use  it  in  healing.] 

.About  .ISO  species,  mostly  natives  of  the  Old  World.  Resides  llic  following.  ;  otliers,  intro- 
duced species,  oecnr  on  the  I'acilic  Co.ist,  and  arc  rarely  fniiiid  in  ballast  about  the  eastern  seaports, 
liracts  of  tile  involucre  lacerate  or  limbriate,  not  spiny. 

Heads  i '..'  broad  or  less;  aclienes  laterally  attached;  introduced  species. 
.Annual;  pappus  about  the  lennth  of  the  achene. 
Perennials;  i)appus  obsolete,  or  short. 

Flowers  .ill  i)erfect;  niaiKinal  ones  scarcely  enlarged. 
Marginal  flowers  neutral,  with  palniately  cleft  corollas. 
Heads  2'-)'  broad;  aclienes  ohlii|uely  attached:  native  western  species, 
liracts  of  the  involucre  lipped  with  stout,  nearly  simple  s])iiies. 

I.    Centaurea  Cyanus  I,.     Blue-bottle.     Corn  Bhie-bottle. 

(Fig.  4076.) 

Coilaiirea  Cyanus  I,.  S|).  I'l,  yii.      175.V 

Annual,  woolly  or  tomentose,  at  least  when 
young;  stem  leafy,  slender,  branched,  i^-z^'j'' 
high,  the  branches  ascending.  Leaves  linear  or 
linear-lanceolate,  mucronate,3'-6' long,  the  basal 
.ind  lower  ones  mostly  dentate  or  pinnatifid,  the 
upper,  or  sometimes  all  of  them,  entire;  heads 
1'- 1,' 2' broad,  on  long  naked  peduncles;  invo- 
lucre campanulate,  its  bracts  greenish-yellow  or 
with  darker  tips  and  margins,  appressed,  fimbri- 
ate with  scarious  teeth;  flowers  blue  or  purplish, 
varying  to  while,  the  marginal  ones  neutral  with 
large  radiant  corolla-limbs;  achenes  slightly 
compressed,  or  4-angled;  pappus-bri.slles  une- 
qual, nearly  as  long  as  the  achene. 

In  waste  places,  escaped  from  Rardeiis,  and  in  bal- 
last, (Juebec  to  western  New  York  and  Virginia. 
Other  names  are  Wilclies'-bells  or  Thimbles,  Corn- 
Centaury,  Corn-bottle  or  -binks.  Brushes,  Hurt- 
sickle, Blue  Bcnncts,Iilaver,Blue  Poppy.   July-Sept. 


1.  C.  Cyanus. 

2.  C.  ni'i;ra. 
,v  C.  /(iiea. 

'.\.  C.  .hnei  tcaiia. 
5.  C.  Catcihapa. 

Corn-flower. 


4y2 


COMI-OSITAK. 


[Vor,.  III. 


■•'.t 


Hlack   Kiiap- 
Ilardheads. 

407  7- ) 
'753- 


3.   Centaurea   nigra   h. 

weed.     Horsc-knops. 
Centaury.     (.Fig. 

Cfiitantra  nif^ia  I,.  Sp.  I'l,  <in. 

rtTciiiiial,  scabrotis  or  imhusri'iit;  stem  stiff, 
liniiu-lied,  i"-j"  liigli.  Lower  and  l)asal  leaves 
spatulate  or  obloiifj,  aciitisli,  entire,  lienliciilate, 
dentate  or  lobed,  not  pimiatilid,  ^'-6'  lon«,  nar- 
rowed intolon>'  petioles;  upper  leaves  obloii^or 
lanceolate,  sessile,  ot  partly  claspinK,  entire  or 
nearly  so;  heads  rarely  l'  t)road,  liracted  l)y  the 
small,  uppermost  leaves;  involucre  fjlohose,  its 
bracts  lanceolate  or  ovate  lanceolate,  closely  im- 
bricated, tipped  with  brown  fimbriate  append- 
ages, or  the  uppermost  merely  lacerate;  flowers 
rose-purple,  all  perfect,  the  marginal  ones  usu- 
ally not  atall  enlarged;  achenes  slightly  4-sided; 
pappus  none,  or  a  ring  of  ndnute  scales. 

Ill  waste  places  and  fields,  New  fouiidlaiul  to  On 
tario  and  New  Jersey.  Nal\irali/cd  from  ICurope. 
AiiiDiiB  many  other   ICiiRlish  nanus  are  Inmliead 

or  -weed, Club-weed,  Matfelon,  Hurt-siclcle,  Tassel,  Hiirse-knobs.Crop-,  Knob-, Bole, or  Hutlon-weed, 

LogKcrheads,  Lady's  Cushion,  Hlue-tops.  July-Sept. 

3.   Centaurea  J^cea  L.     Brown  or 
Rayed  Knapweed.     (Fig.  4078.) 

Ceiilaiiieti  facta  I,.  Sp.  I'l.  i;i.(.      1753. 

Perennial,  similar  to  the  preceding  species, 
Leaves  entire  or  denticulate,  rarely  lobed;  heads 
I'-i'/i'  broad;  involucre  globular  to  ovoid,  its 
bracts  closely  imbricated,  brown  or  with  brown 
backs,  the  outer  ones  with  fimbriate  appendages, 
the  middle  ones  lacerate,  the  inner  entire  or 
nearly  so;  marginal  flowers  neutral  with  en- 
larged radiant  corolla-limbs;  achenes  obscurely 
4-sided;  pappus  none,  or  a  minute  crown. 

In  waste  i)laces  northern  New  York  and  Verinoiit, 
and  in  ballast  about  eastern  seaports.  .\lso  in  lirit- 
isli  Columbia.    Fugitive  from  Europe,    June  Sept. 


4.   Centaurea  Americana  Xutt. 
Atnerican  Star  Thistle.     (Fig.  4079.) 

C  Americana  Nutt  Journ.  Phila.  Acad.  2: 117.    1S21, 
Plcclocrplialiis   Anien'caiiiis  Don,  in  Sweet,   lirit. 
l-'l.  (;ard.  (II).    />/.  .1/.     1831. 
Annual,  roughish;  stem  stout,  simple,  or  little 
branched,  2°-6°  high.     Leaves  entire  or  dentic- 
ulate, the  lower  and  basal  ones  spatulate  or  ob- 
long, 2'-$'  long,  narrowed  into  petioles,   the 
.^    ,,,    -  ly   / A\ /// '        niV'        ■        upper    oblong-lanceolate,    sessile,     mucronate; 

^^1  j    A*  \V/     ■  y  y        lli\\  heads  solitary  at  the  ends  of  the  leafy  stem  or 

'  '  branches,  very  showy,  2'-\'   broad;    involucre 

nearly  hemispheric,  its  bracts  ovate  or  lanceo- 
late with  conspicuously  pectinate  appendages; 
flowers  pink  or  purple,  the  marginal  ones  with 
enlarged  and  radiant  corolla-limbs;  achenes 
somewhat  compressed,  oblicjuely  attached  at 
the  base;  pappus  of  copious  unequal  bristles  longer  than  the  achene. 

Dry  plains,  Missouri  and  Arkansas  to  Louisiana,  Mexico'and  Arizona.    May-Augr. 


493 


(Fig.  4080.) 


oknu8i<)<).i  TirisTi,!-;  family. 

5.   Centaurea  Calcitrapa  L.     Star  Thistle 

Cenlitutea  Culiilrapa  I,.  Sp.  I'l.  917.      i-y\. 

Annual,  pntiesceiit  or  ({liiliroiis,  ^reen;  stem 
much  liriiiu'heil,  l°-l'i"  liigli-  Leaves  1-2- 
piniialilid  into  t)l)li)nK-lance()late  to  linear,  .ser- 
rulatespimilose,  dentnte  or  entire  mostly  ai'ute 
lobes,  the  upper  sessile  and  slijjlitly  clasping, 
the  lower  and  basal  short-petioled,  4'-7'  lon^, 
the  uppermost  somewhat  involucrute  at  the 
bases  of  the  sessile  heads  which  are  about  l' 
broad;  involucre  ovoid,  its  outer  bracts  ovate- 
oblong,  tipped  with  stout  spreading  spines 
whicli  are  simple,  or  commonly  witli  2-6  bristles 
at  llie  base;  flowers  purple,  none  of  them  radi- 
ant; achenes  compresseil  or  obscurely  4-sided; 
pappus  none. 

In  waste  i)laccs  and  ballast,  soutlifrn  Nt  w  York 
and  Xiw  Jersfy  lo  Virginia.  Also  in  Hritish  Co- 
lutnbia.  Advctitive  or  nalurali/.fd  from  Ivuropc. 
Called  also  Caltrops,  Maize  Thorn.    June-Oct. 


loi.   CNICUS  h.  Sp.  PL  826.      1753. 

An  annual  herb,  with  alternate  pinnatifid  or  sinuate-dentate  leaves,  the  lobes  or  teeth 
spiny,  and  large  sessile  he.'ids  of  yellow  tidndar  (lowers,  solitary  at  the  ends  of  the  branches, 
subtended  by  the  upper  leaves.  Ilracts  of  the  involucre  imbricated  in  several  series,  the 
outer  ovate,  the  inner  lanceolate,  tipped  by  long  pinnately  branched  spines.  Receptacle 
flat,  bristly.  .Vcheiies  terete,  striate,  laterally  attached,  the  horny  margin  lo-toothed  at  the 
summit;  pappus  of  2  series  of  awns,  the  inner  fimbriate,  the  outer  longer,  naked;  anther-ap- 
pendages elongated,  united  to  their  tips.     [Latin  name  of  Saillower,  early  applied  to  thistles,  ] 

.■\  monotypic  genus  of  the  Old  World. 

I.  Cnicus  benedictus  L.     IJle.ssed 

Thistle.    Our  Lady's  Thistle. 

(Fig.  4081.) 

Ciiirus  heiiidicliis  I,.  .Sp.  I'l.  S26.      1753. 
Cfulauifa  bcnedhla  I..  Sp.  I'l.  lid.  2,  1296. 

Hirsute  or  pubescent,  nmcli  branched, 
seldom  over  2|i°  high.  Leaves  oblong- 
lanceolate  in  outline,  rather  thin,  reticu- 
late-veined, 2i'-(>'  long,  the  upper  clasping, 
the  basiil  and  lower  ones  narrowed  at  the 
base  and  petioled;  heads  about  2'  broad, 
subtended  by  several  large  lanceolate  to 
ovate-lanceolate  leaves;  bristles  of  the  re- 
ceptacle soft,  long;  outer  awns  of  the 
pappus  alternating  with  the  inner. 

In  waste  places,  Nova  Scotia  to  Maryland, 
Pennsylvania  and  Alabama,  and  on  the  Paci- 
fic Coast.  Adventive  from  southern  Europe. 
Called  also  St.  Benedict's  Thistle.  -May-Aug. 


Appendix. 


The  following  are  new  discoveries  or  new  determinations,  mostly  from  the 
west,  made  while  the  work  has  been  in  press. 

[Vol.  1:  p.  2.]     2.    Ophioglossum  Engelmanni 

Prantl.     JMigelmann's     Adder's-tongue. 

(Fig.  la.) 

Opliiof^lossiini  :ti/ga/ti>n  liaton,  Ferns  of  the  Smithwisl,  V.  ,S. 

Oeol.  .Surv.  3.(0.      1S7S,    Not  L.     1753. 
Of<liioi;lt>ssi(>H^  JCni^clnianni  Prantl,  Jalirl).  <1.   k.  Hot.  (~,art.  lUr- 

liti,  3;  .uS,     />/,  \.//i,'".  /,■".       1S84. 

Rootstock  cyliiulric;  stems  Dl'teii  several,  1   ,sfroin  the  same 
root,  3'-9'  1iinli.  bearing  the  sessile  tleshy  elliptic  leaf  below 


the   niidiile;    l)la<le    l'-},^'    long, 


wide. 


■/■///   Ti/./i; 

o/</i(/iii  nii-'/iis  r  III!,' Ill  III  Hi;'  iiniiiiroiis  ii  iimtoniiisiii!^  ^'ei/iii/i  ff, 
t/it-  ,i/<r\  iiiii.-i  oniihilc ;  spike  6"-i2"  long,  apiculate,  borne 
on  a  stalk  \'-\'  long,  sporangia  12-2;  pairs. 

hi  (lamp,  storili'  plaices  or  011  tucks  in  cedar  woods,  in  the  Cen- 
tral States,  from  Indi.ina  to  Texas  and  .Xrizona,  also  in  Virginia. 
.^pril-Oct. 


[Vol.  I:  p.  2.]     3.   Ophioglossum  arenarium 
v..  G.  Britton.     vSand  Adder's-toi...;iie.     (Fig.  ib.) 

Ophioi;loisutii  ai  cnai  iinii  V,.  G.  Hritton,  Dull.  Torr.  Chdi,  24:  =;;5. 

pi.  jiS.      1S07. 

Rootstock  slightly  thickened,  with  i  or  2  stalks;  stem 
rigid,  erect,  2'-7'  high,  bearing  the  sessile  /it/iiro/ii/c  //,s/iv 
leaf  hih  ■:  tin-  iiiiilillr ;  blade  l'-2'  long,  3"-6"  wide,  acute 
or  apiculate,  not  pellucid,  -■.■i//i  iinli^timt  -.  >-ii,i/iiiii  foimini;- 
loii!^-  iniiior:  iiic^lu-f,  with  few,  if  any,  free  veinlets;  spike 
(i"-\'s"  long,  apiculate,  borne  on  a  stalk  2'-4'  long,  often 
twisted;  sporangia  12-26  pairs. 

GreRarious  in  a  colony  of  many  i)lants  in  sandy  ground  undi  r 
trees  at  Holly  lieacli,  N.-w  Jersey.  Tile  gi"''"^  '^  also  called  .\<1 
der'sfcni,  .Adder's  si)eai  and  Snake  toiiKUe.     July. 


[Vol.  I:  p.  3.]     4a.   Botrychium  dis- 
sectum  Spreng.     Cut-leaved  Grape- 
fern,  or  Moonwort.     (Fig.  5a.) 

Boll yiUium  dissirlinii  -Spreng.  .\iileit,  3:  172.     iSo.f. 
JIkIi  vihiinn  lei  iialiim  var.  dissecliim  D.  C.  Haton, 
I'eriis  N.  .\.  i:  150.      1S7S. 

riant  S'-iG'  high  with  .slender  fleshy  stems. 
Sterile  portion  long-stalked  from  near  the  base 
of  the  stem  with  broadly  deltoid  basal  division;, 
(lecomppiiiitl ;  secondary  pinnae  lanceolate  from 
a  broader  \\A'>^,  piiiiuilc  wHli  Imiiiinle  a  ml  deeply 
cut  /iiiiiuli  .<,  the  ultimate  divisions  divergent, 
often  two  toothed  at  their  apices,  usually  less 
than  half  a  line  wide;  fertile  portion  with  a 
long  stem,  bi -tripinnate;  bud  pilo.so,  enclosed  in 
the  base  of  the  .stem,  the  apex  of  both  portions 
bent  downward  in  vernation. 

In  low  (frounds,  rare  in  New  l^ngland  as  far  as 
eastern  Massaclinsetts,  more  common  southward 
from  New  York  to  Virginia  and  inland  to  Indiana 
and  Kentucky. 


\fjm..^-  i|J_>|^»wupi«_»r' 


Vol,.  III.] 


APPENDIX. 


495 


[Vol.  i:  p.  47.]    5a.   Isoetes  Dodgei 

A.  A.  Ivaton.     Dodge's  Quillwort. 

(Fig.  106a.) 

Isoeles  Dodgri  A.  .\.  ICaton,  I'erii  Bull.  6: 6.    1898. 

Plant  auiphihious  from  a  bilohed  trunk. 
Leaves  10-75,  S'-iS'  long  when  submersed, 
erect,  or  spirally  asceniling  when  .scattered; 
eniersed  leaves  4'~t5'  long,  tortuous  and  often 
interlaced,  with  numerous  stoinata  an<l  usu- 
ally 4  bast  bundles;  velum  narrow,  covering 
},  to  l\  of  the  sporange;  sporangcs  thickly 
sprinkled  with  light  brown  cells;  macro- 
spores  more  numerous  on  submersed  plants, 
globo.se,  500-675"  in  diameter,  s/'tirst/v  rcr- 
rnd  -.ci//i  in  ci^iilcir  crcs/s  which  at  maturity 
separate  into  irregular  groups  leaving  bare 
spaces,  serrate  or  spinulose  at  the  top;  mi- 
crospores more  numerous  on  eniersed  plants, 
22  40,",  ashy,  papillose. 

(".rowinij  in  niuil  Hats,  Ivast  Kinjrston.  New 
Hampshire. 

[Vol.  I:  P-  47]     5b-  Isoetes  Eatoni 

Dodge,   luitoii's  Ouillwort. 

(Fig.  1 06b.) 

hoelcs  Ealoni  nodRc,  I'tnis  an  I  I'ciii  .\llios  uf 

New  ICm;.  ,i9-      '■'^"X'. 

Amphibious  from  a  large  trunk  1'  -2'  to  1'- 
.\'  in  diameter.  Leaves  of  the  sul)merged 
j>lant  2C-20C:,  Mirying  in  length  up  to  2.S', 
marked  with  an  elevated  ridge  on  the  ven- 
tral side;  leaves  of  the  einerse<l  plant  shorter, 
3-6;  stoinata  abundant;  peripheral  bast  bun- 
dles irregular  in  occurrence  oroften  wanting; 
velum  covering  1-4  of  the  sporange,  polyg- 
amous; sporanges  large,  0.4'  by  0.15',  pale 
spotted;  macrospores small,  >h:)-4oo;/  in  diam- 
eter, iiuirhiil  -.itii  toiiz'itliih-  lithyi  iiithiiic 
riili^cs  (iiul  II  istii/c  oil  the  iiiii;li-^  ct  Ihr  iiiiiii- 
/!/((•;  microspores  25-30/;  in  diameter,  smooth 
or  slightly  papillose. 

Ill  mud  flats,  ICast  KiiiRston  ami  lvi)i)iiig,  Ncw 
Hauipsliire. 

[Vol.  I:  p.  47.]     5c.    Isoetes 

foveolata  A.  A.  Ivntoii.     Pitted 

Qtiillwort.     (Fig.  io6c.) 

Isoclcs  fovciilala  A.  A.  ICalon;  Dodge,  Ferns 
and  i''ern  Allies  of  New  linp,  _^S.      1896. 

Amphibious  from  a  bilobed  or  rarely 
trilobed  base.  Leaves  15-70,  stout,  2'-6' 
long,  pinkish  even  when  dry,  or  rarely 
(lark  green;  stomata  scattered,  found  only 
near  the  tips;  no  peripheral  bast  bundles; 
nionoicous  or  becoming  dioicous;  velum 
covering  1-4  or  1-3  of  the  sporange;  ligule 
round-ovate;  .sporanges  thickly  .sprinkled 
with  dark  cells  which  are  often  collected 
in  groups;  niacro.sporcs  380-560,",  coviicil 
hciHiitli  rcith  Tiiy  //iiii--,iiif/iif  if/irii/d- 
tioiiSi  t/ii'  oJ<ciiiii!^s  ii/'/'iiiriiiji'  like  little 
pits;  reticulations  elongate  on  the  upper 
surface  of  the  .spore;  microspores  dark 
brown,  22-35'(  long,  densely  reticulate 
and  u.sually  slightly  papillose. 

In  muddy  banks  of  the  Pautuckaway  river,  lipping,  N.  H.,  also  at  Cast  Kington  of  the  same  stat. 


•rjjTT 


496 

[Vol. 


APPENDIX. 


[Vol.  hi. 


^-  P-  55-]     4-   Picea  brevifdlia  Peck. 
Swamp  Spruce.     (Kig.  122a.) 

Picea  btevi/olia  Peck,  Spruces  of  the  Adirondacks,  13.     189;. 

A  small  slender  tree,  sometimes  30°  high,  or  on  moun- 
tain summits  reduced  to  a  low  shrub.  T-vi's^s  /u/icscci/f ; 
sterigmata  glabrous,  or  slightly  pubescent;  leaves  straight, 
or  a  little  curved,  mos/ly  g/diiroiis,  i>/>/iisr,  or  min-ly 
miicroiiiiliitc,  stout,  2"-$"  long;  cones  oval,  /crs/striit 
for  tzvo  fiutsoiis  or  more,  8"-i2"  long,  the  scales  with 
eroded  margins;  wing  of  the  seed  about  2"  long. 

In  swamps  and  open  bogs,  Vermont  and  northern  New  York 
to  Micliigau.    June. 


[Vol.  I:  p.  III.]     2a.    Syntherisma 

serdtina  Walt.     I^ate-flowering 

Finger-grass.     (Fig.  241a.) 

Svnlheiisnia  scrolina  Walt.  Kl.  Car.  76.      1788. 
I'aiiicum  serolinum  Trin.  Gram.  Panic.  166.      1826. 

'^^^^S-^'L  \*"  '  fC^y^         UW  Culms  slender,  erect,  often  creeping  and  branch- 

^""SrK-^      1 '  1  V'-^'vSl        hr  ing  at  the  base,  S'-24'' tall,  smooth  and  glabrous. 

Sheaths  about  one-half  as  long  as  the  internodes, 
piIo.se  with  long  spreading  hairs;  ligule  a  scarious 
ring;  leaves  linear-lanceolate  to  lanceolate,  i'-4' 
long,  2"~Y'  wide,  acuminate,  pilose  on  both  sur- 
faces; inflorescence  conipo.sed  of  2-6  i-sided  slender 
erect  or  ascending  spike-like  racemes  I'-^'/i'  long, 
arranged  singly,  in  pairs,  or  scattered  and  approximate;  spikelets  numerous,  oval,  d/'oz/t 
}^"  lofig  and  one-half  as  broad,  acute,  in  pairs,  one  short-,  the  other  long-pedicelled,  in  2 
rows  on  one  side  of  a  flat  and  winged  rachis  less  than  Yz"  wide;  first  scale  wanting,  t/ie 
second  ahniit  one-half  iis  long  iis  the  spikelet,  3-nerved,  the  third  scale  7-nerved,  both  scales 
appressed-pubescent  on  the  margins. 

Fields  and  roadsides,  Delaware  (according  to  Scribnerj;   North  Carolina  to  r.„.:da,   west  to 
Mississippi. 


[Vol.  1:  p.  113.]     la.   Panicum  coldnum  L. 
Jungle  Rice.     (Fig.  243a.) 

Panicum  colonum  I,.  Syst.  Kd.  10,  870.      1759. 
Panicum  (f'fl//^;/ liU.  Bot.  S.  C.  &  Ga.  1: 115.     1817.     Not  Pursh, 
1814. 

Culms  tufted,  smooth  and  glabrous,  6'-2'/i°  tall,  often 
decumbent  and  rooting  at  the  lower  nodes.  vSheaths  com- 
pressed, usually  crowded;  ligule  wanting;  leaves  flat,  I'-y' 
long,  i'''-4"  wide;  inflorescence  composed  of  3-18  i-sided 
more  or  less  spreading  dense  racemes,  ^'-i,'/'  long,  disposed 
along  a  3-angled  rachis  and  generally  somewhat  exceeding 
the  length  of  the  internodes;  spikelets  single,  in  pairs,  or  in 
3's  in  2  rows  on  one  side  of  the  hispidulous  triangular  rachis, 
obovate,  pointed,  the  first  scale  about  one  half  as  long  as  the 
spikelet,  3-nerved,  the  secont/  and  third  scales  a  little  marc 
than  \"  long,  axunless,  5-ner\'ed,  hispid  on  the  nerves,  the 
fourth  scale  cuspidate. 

Fields  and  roadsides,  Virginia  to  Florida,  Texas  and  Mexico. 
Connnon  in  all  tropica'  countries.    March-Sept. 


Vol..  III.] 


APPENDIX. 


497 


[Vol.  I:  p.  ii8.]     17a.  Panicum  Liebergii  (Vasey)  Scribn.     Lieberg's 

Panicuin.     (Fig.  259a.) 

I'anicviii  scopaiiiim  I.am.  var.  Liehcn;ii  Xast-)-,  Bull. 

U.  S.  Dept.  Agric.  Div.  Hot.  8:  ,^2.      'iS8<j, 
Panicum  l.iebngii  Scriljii.;  Vasey,  Hull.  V.  S.  Dc-pt. 

.V^ric.  Div.  Hot.  8:  ,^2.     As  sj  iionyni.      18S9. 

C'llins  erect,  slender,  fflabrous,  roughish,  espe- 
cially near  the  nodes,  i°-2°  tall,  at  length  braiiclied. 
Sheaths  papillose-hirsute  with  spreading  hairs,  usu- 
ally longer  than  the  internodes;  ligule  a  sliort 
scarious  ciliolate  ring;  leaves  erect  or  asceuiling, 
lanceolate,  2'-^'  long,  3"-6"  wide,  acuminate  at 
the  apex,  rounded  at  the  partly  clasping  base, 
papillose-hispid  beneath  and  sometimes  sparingly 
so  on  the  rough  upper  surface;  paniile  ob/oiii,'', 
2'-.\'  long,  its  ttiatnhcs  nrcl  or  <rsrr)iifi >/•;■;  .spike- 
lets  i,'2"-2"  long,  oval,  lite  oiitrr  Ihirc  Suilt's  f<itf>- 
il/osc-hifsiitr  ivilli  loin;-  sfticadiiiii-  liairs,  the  first 
scale  about  one-half  as  long  as  the  spikelet,  ovate, 
acute,  1-3-nerved,  the  second  and  third  scales 
broadly  oval  when  spread  out,  7-9-nerved. 

Dry  .soil,  Ohio  to  Jlimifsota  and  .South  I);ikola,  south 
to  Mi.ssouri  and  Nebraska.    Juui'-July. 


[Vol.  I:  p.  120.]     2ia.    Panicum  Brittoni 

Xa.sli.     Britton'.s  Panicum.     (Fig.  263a.) 

J'lUiiniDi  /.'/v7/ii;;(  Nash,  liuU.  Toir.  Club,  24:  194.      1S97. 

Smooth   and   glabrous.      Culms    coarsely   striate,    //of 

tu-aihhcd,  tufted,  slender,  erect,  rigid,  4'-S'  tall;  sheaths 

less  than  one-half  as  long  as  the  internodes;  ligule  a  ring 

of  short  hairs;  leaves  longer  than  the  sheaths,  those  on 

the  culm  three  in  number,  the  middle  one  the  longest, 

'^'-1'+'    long,    :V"-i,'i"  wide,  erect,    acuminate,    5-7- 

nerved;  panicle  ;V'-i'+'long,  its  branches  spreading  or 

ascending;  spikelets  one-half  as  long  as  the  pedicels,  or 

less,  obovoid,  obtuse,  -+'"  ''t"'.i,''>  the  first  scale  one-third 

as  long  as  the  spikelet,  the  second  and  third  scales  7- 

nerved,  densely  pubescent  with  spreading  hairs. 

Moist  saiul  in  tlii-  pine  banens  of  southern  New  Jersey. 
May  June. 


[Vol.  I:  p.  120.]     22a.    Panicum 

Nashianum  Scribn.     Nash's  Panicuin. 

(Fig.  264a.) 

Paiiiciiin   .Xashianum   Scribn.    liull.   r.  S.    Dept. 

.\Kric.  Div.  .Agrost,  7:  7<).       1X97, 

Culms  tufted,  glabrous  or  puberulent,  slender, 
6'-l5'  tall,  at  length  much  branched.  Slijaths 
glabrous,  or  the  lower  pubescent,  the  primary 
about  one-third  as  long  as  the  internodes,  those 
on  the  branches  overlapping;  ligule  a  short 
scarious  ring;  leaves  erect  or  ascending,  lanceo- 
late, acuminate,  smooth  and  glabrous,  ciliate,  at 
least  at  the  base,  ^^'-2'  long,  l''''-2j2'''  wide,  the 
leaves  of  the  branches  smaller;  primary  panicle 
\'~2'  long,  the  branches  widely  spreading;  spike- 
letsabout  i"  long,  o^^orw/t',  the  first  scale  i- 
nerved,  the  second  and  third  scales  7-nerved, 
densely  pubescent  ivith  short  spreadiiii;  liairs. 

Pine  lands,  Virsinia  to  Florida.     March  July. 


. 


498 


APPENDIX. 


[Vol..  in. 


[Vol.  I:  p.  I20.]     22b.    Panicum 

sphagnicolum  Nash.     Sphagnum 

Panicum.     (Fig.  264b.) 

Paiiniim   st>liagnici.:ii>n   Xash,   Bull.  Torr.  Club,  22: 

422.      1895. 

Culms  slender,  smooth  and  glabrous,  i  J..  "-3°  long, 
at  length  much  eloiigalcd,  dichotomously  much 
branched  and  declining.  Sheaths  smooth  and  gla- 
brous, or  the  lower  ones  pubescent,  one  half  the 
length  of  the  internodes  or  less;  ligule  a  short  ring; 
leaves  erect,  smooth  and  glabrous  on  both  surfaces, 
lanceolate,  principal  nerves  5-7,  the  primary  leaves 
I'-iYz'  long,  \"-i"  wide,  those  on  the  branches 
1J-2'  or  less  long,  concealing  the  small  contracted 
panicles;  primary  panicle  loose  and  open,  i;i'-3' 
long,  its  branches  spreading  or  ascending,  the  lower 
^i'-lYz'  long;  spikelets  on  elongated  fdiform  pedi- 
cels, scattered,  Js"-i,'4"  long,  oval  to  obovate,  the 
scales  glabrous  or  sparsely  pubescent,  the  first  less 
than  one-half  as  long  as  the  spikelet,  l-nerved,  the 
second  and  third  scales  "-nerved. 

SpliaKiiuni  bogs,  District  of  Columbia  .ind  southern 
Nuw  Jersey  to  I'lorida,  west  to  Texas.     June-Sept. 


[Vol.   I:  p.    121.] 


24a.    Panicum  lanuginosum  Kll 

(Fig.  266a.) 


Woolly  Panicum. 


P.  lanuginosum  KU.  Bot.  S.  C.  S:  Ga.  i:  123.  1S17. 

Culms,  shealhs  and  leaves  villous  u'ilh 
spreading  hairs,  those  on  the  leaves  and  the 
upper  part  of  the  culm  shorter.  Culms  leafy, 
tufted,  i°-2;i°  tall, erect,  at  length  branched,  a 
smooth  ring  below  each  barbed  node;  sheaths 
shorter  than  the  internodes;  ligule  a  ring  of 
long  hairs;  leaves  erect,  lanceolate,  acumi- 
nate, lK'-5'  long,  2"-4J2'''  broad;  panicle 
ovate,  i)i'-.\'  long,  the  axis  pubescent,  the 
branches  ascending,  the  larger  i'-2'  long; 
spikelets  numerous,  broadly  obovate,  about 
%"  long,  the  first  scale  orbicular,  glabrous  or 
pubescent,  i-nerved,  the  second  and  third 
scales  nearly  orbicular  when  spread  out,  7  - 
9-nerved,  densely  pubescent  with  spreading 
hairs. 

Pry  sandy  soil,  southern  New  Jersey  '.o  Flor- 
ida and  Alabama. 


[Vol.  I:  p.  121.]     25a.  Panicum 
implicatum  Scribn.     Ilairy-panickd 

Panicum.  (Fig.  267a.) 
Culms  tufled,  erect,  lo'-iS'  tall,  very  slender, 
more  or  less  pul)escent, at  length  much  branched. 
Sheaths  shorter  than  the  internodes,  denselv 
paf>illosehirsute,  at  least  the  lower  ones;  ligule  a 
ring  of  long  hairs;  leaves  erect,  lanceolate;  }-i'~2' 
long,  I  "-3"  \\\i\c,at  least  the  lo!('er  ones  papillose- 
hirsute  tm  both  .s//;/(f(V'.s',especially  beneatli;  pani- 
cle open,  ovate,  \'-2\'  long,  its  hranches-videly 
streading;  spikelets  broadly  obovate,  obtuse, 
purplish,  al)out  '4  "  long,  the  outer  3  scales  pu- 
bescent with  short  spreading  hairs,  the  first  scale 
nearly  one-half  as  long  as  the  spikelet,  broadly 
ovate,  obtuse,  i-nerved,  the  second  and  third 
scales  orbicular-oval,  7-ncrvcd. 

Dry  soil,  Maine  to  New  York.     Related  to   '*. 
pubescens  I<am.,  but  certainly  distinct. 


Vol..  III.] 


APPENDIX. 


499 


^f:^ 


[Vol.  I:  p.  121.]     25b.   Panicum  Colum- 

bi^num  Scribn.     American  Panic-grass. 

Short-leaved  Panicum.     (Fig.  267b.) 

Panicum    Columbiaiium    Scribti.   liuU.    V .    S.    Dcpt. 
Agric.  I)iv.  .\grosl.  7:78.      i&j;. 

Culms  tufted,  erect,  softly  pnbcxcetit,  .S'-2°  tall,  at 
length  (licliotoiiiously  branched,  llic  bninchcs  cnrt. 
Lower  sheaths  pubescent,  the  upper  glabrous,  the 
primary  one-half  as  long  as  the  internodes;  ligiilc 
a  ring  of  short  hairs;  leaves  lanceolate,  erect,  t/iiik- 
is/i  and  firm,  glabrous  above,  the  lower  ones  more 
or  less  pubescent  beneath,  the  primary  lyi'-l'/i' 
long,  2"-3"  wide,  those  on  the  branches  smaller; 
panicle  ,swa//,  ovate,  \'-\V,'  long,  its  branches  as- 
cending; spikelets  broadly  obovate,  a  liltle  more 
than  ;V"''"",C.  the  outer  ;,  scales  densely  pubescent 
with  spreading  hairs,  the  first  scale  about  one-half 
as  long  as  the  spikclet,  i-ncrved,  the  second  and 
third  scales  7-nerved. 

Fields  and  open  woods,  Massachusetts  to  North 
Carolina,  west  to  Teiniessee  and  Alabiinia.    Juiie-.Sept. 


[Vol.  I:  p.  121.]     25c.   Panicum  Eatoni 
Nash.     I'iaton's  Panicum.     (Fig.  267c. ).! 

Panicum  Eatoni  Nash,  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  25:84.  189S 
Smootli  and  glabrous.  Culms  i]i°-^]2°  tall, 
erect,  at  length  dichotomously  branched  and 
swollen  at  the  nodes;  sheaths  nmch  shorter  than 
the  internodes,  usually  more  or  less  ciliate  on  the. 
margins;  ligule  a  ring  of  long  hairs;  leaves  erect, 
lanceolate,  acuminate,  i;<'-4'long,  l>^"-5"  wide; 
panicle  finally  long-exserted,  dense  and  contracted, 
3'-5'  long,  I'i'  or  less  broad,  its  branches  erect-as- 
cending;  spikelets  oval,  about  U"  long,  acutish, 
the  first  scale  about  one-third  as  long  as  the  spike- 
let,  pubescent,  i-ncrved,  the  second  and  third  scales 
broadly  oval  when  spread  out,  7-nerved,  densely 
pubescent  with  spreading  hairs. 

.Mouk:  tlie  coast,  in  damp  or  wet  places,  M.iine  to 
New  York.     May-.\ug. 


[Vol.  I:  p.  121.]     25d.  Panicum  tsugetorum 
Nash.     Hemlock  Panicum.     (Fig.  267d. ) 

P.  tsugetorum  Nasli,  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  25:  ,S6.      189S. 

Culms  and  sheaths  pubescent  -with  short  oppressed 
or  ascending  hairs  intermi.xed  toward  the  base  with 
longer  ones.  Culms  tufted,  i  ;i°  or  less  tall,  somewhat 
slender,  at  length  much  branched  and  decumbent  or 
prostrate ;  sheath  shorter  than  the  internodes;  ligule 
a  ring  of  hairs  about  yi"  long;  leaves  erect  or  ascend- 
ing, firm,  lanceolate,  5-7-nerved,  minutely  appresscd- 
pubescent  beneath,  smooth  and  glabrous  above,  or  the 
upper  primary  leaves  sometimes  with  a  few  long  erect 
hairs,  the  primary  leaves  iji'-^'  long,  2y2"-^"  wide, 
those  on  the  branches  smaller  and  partly  concealing  the 
snuill  panicles;  primary  panicles  broadly  ovate,  I'/z'- 
2I2'  long,  the  branches  spreading-ascendiug;  spikelets 
broadly  obovate,  about  Js"  long,  the  outer  3  scales 
pubescent,  with  short  spreading  hairs,  the  first  scale 
i-3-ucrve(l,  the  second  and  third  scales  7-9-nerved. 

Dry  soil  in  hemlock  woods,  Connecticut  and  New  York. 


500 


[Vol.  I:  p.  121.]     256. 


APPENDIX. 

Panicum  Addisonii  Nash. 
I  I     (Vig.  2676.) 


[Vor,.  III. 


Rigid  Panicum. 


/'.  .tdiiisoiiii  N.isli,  Hull.  Torr.  Club,  25:  83.      iSoS. 

Culms  io'-i5'  tall,  ri^iii,  tufted,  erect  or  dccuni- 
beiit  at  the  base,  at  length  much  branched,  the 
hfiviclii's  firrl,  piihe.uritt  Mow  zcitli  lorn:;  nearly 
apl^resM'd  hairs:  wliicli  decrease  in  length  toward 
tlic  summit  where  they  are  very  short.  .Sheaths 
often  longer  than  the  internodes,  appressed-pubes- 
cent,  at  le.ist  the  lower  ones;  ligule  a  ring  of  hairs; 
leaves  erect,  lanceolate,  thickish,  smooth  and  gla- 
brous on  both  surfaces,  rough  on  the  margins, 
acuminate,  i'-;/  long,  1 1<  "-3"  wide;  panicle  ovate 
to  oblong,  '4 '-2 '4'  long,  its  branches  spreading  or 
ascending;  spikelets  obovate,  l"  /(»lj^,  the  first 
scale  acute  or  acutish,  about  one-half  as  long  as 
the  spikelet,  1 -nerved,  pubescent,  second  and  third 
scales  9-11-ncrved,  densely  pubescent  with  long 
spreading  hairs. 

Sandy  soil,  soutlK-ni  N'uw  Jersey.     May-June. 


[Vol.  I:  p.  121.] 
Atlanticum  Nash. 

(I'ig. 

r.  AllaiiluiiDi  Nash,  Bull. 


25f.    Panicum 

Atlantic  Panicum. 
267!'.) 

Torr.  Club,  24:3)6.      1N17. 


J'apillose-pi/ose  :cilh  /oiii;-  :chite  spreaJini^  hairs. 
Culms  tufted,  at  length  branched,  i2'-2n'  tall,  erect 
or  ascending,  a  smooth  ring  below  the  nodes  which 
are  barbea  with  spreading  hairs;  sheaths  shorter 
than  the  internodes;  ligule  a  ring  of  hairs  i'''-2'^" 
long;  leaves  erect,  rigid,  thickish,  linear-lanceolate, 
I  ,'4 '-4' long.  2"-3)^"  wide,  acuminate,  7-1 1 -nerved, 
middle  leaves  the  longest;  panicle  lJ2'-~'/i'  long, 
I '4 '-2 '4'  wide,  the  branches  and  their  divisions 
hispidulous;  spikelets  numerous,  obovate,  a  little 
over  \"  lout;,  ^l"  ToiJe,  obtuse,  the  outer  ;,  scales 
densely  pubescent  with  short  spreading  hairs,  the 
first  scale  about  one-half  as  long  as  the  spikelet, 
l-nerved,  the  second  and  third  scales  9-nerved. 

Dry  soil.  New  York  to  \'ir(jinia.    Juiie-AuK. 


[\'ol.  i:  p.  1 21.]     26a.   Panicum 

linearifolium  Scribn.      Linear-leaved 

Paniciun.     (Fig.  268a.) 

Culms  tufted,  slender,  erect,  smooth  and 
glabrous,  simple,  6'-i6'  tall.  Sheaths  gla- 
brous or  pilose  with  long  white  h;drs,  longer 
than  the  internodes;  ligule  a  ring  of  short 
hairs;  leaves  elongated,  smooth  or  rough, 
glabrous  or  more  or  less  pilo.se,  especially 
upon  the  lower  surface,  3'-io'  long,  i'''-2''' 
wide,  the  uppermost  leaf  the  longest  and 
often  extending  beyond  the  panicle;  primary 
panicle  loose  and  open,  often  long-exserted, 
I'/i'-Y  long,  its  branches  ascending,  second- 
ary panieles  small  and  contracted  on  very 
short  culms  and  partly  concealed  by  the  bases 
0/  the  Ion,!;  culms;  spihelets  i"-i'4"  toit/r^ 
obtuse  or  acutish,  pubescent  loith  spreading 
hairs. 

Dry  Soil,  especially  hillsides,  New  York  and 
New  Jersey  to  Missouri. 


% 


3*- 


Vol..  in.] 


APrivNDIX. 


501 


[Vol.  I:  p.  121.]     25b.  Panicum  Werneri 

Scribn.  Werner's  Panicum.  (Fig.  268h.  ) 
vSmooth  and  glabrous,  light  green.  Culms  tufted, 
erect,  slender,  simple  or  later  sparingly  branched, 
io'-i8'tall;  sheaths  equalling  or  shorter  than  the 
internodes;  ligulc  a  ring  of  short  hairs;  Icavescrect, 
elongated,  linear,  acuminate,  2yi'-4'^'  long,  i  li"- 
2'/i''  iviJi;  panicle  finally  long-exserted,  loose  and 
open,  lyi'-i'A'  long,  its  branches  ascending;  .?/>//' 
/f/s  aboil i  \"  to>i,v:  on  longer  hispidulous  pedicels, 
oval,  mill iitcty  and  sparsely  piitHSieiit,  the  first  scale 
orbicular,  about  one-quarter  as  long  as  the  spikelet, 
I -nerved,  the  second  and  third  scales  7-nerved,  the 
fourth  scale  oval,  slightly  apiculate. 

Dry  knolls  in  swamps,  New  York  and  Oliio.    Tlic 
smaller  spikelets  and  the  eiihi  e  ahsenie  of  the  siiial! 
/hisal  />a>nc/essurve  to  distinguisli  this  from  /'.  Ininn  1 
folium,  to  which  it  otherwise  has  a  great  reseniblanee. 
June-July. 


[Vol.  I:  p.  121.]     26c.    Panicum  Bick- 

nellii  Nash.     Bicknell'.s  I'anictnn. 

(Fig.  268c.) 

p.  /litiiiillii  Xasli,  liuU.  Torr.  Club,  24:  \qi,.      1S97. 

Culms  erect  or  decumbent  at  the  base,  slender, 
S'-ie'  tall,  al  length  sparingly  branched,  the  lower 
internodes  pubernlent,  the  nodes  sparingly  barbed. 
Sheaths  generally  longer  than  the  internodes,  cili- 
ate  on  the  margins,  the  lowermost  pubescent; 
ligule  a  fringe  of  very  short  hairs;  leaves  elongated, 
increasing  in  length  toward  the  top  of  the  culm, 
erect,  lineai-laneeolale,acum\nnie,  narrowed  toward 
the  ciliate  base,  7-9-nervcd,  primary  leaves  ;/-;'' 
long,  2;i"-5'''  7vide  ;  primary  panicle  2,!j '-3'  long, 
its  branches  ascending,  secondary  panicles  smaller, 
with  appressed  branches;  spikclets  obovate  or 
oval  i,'4''-iJ4"  long,  pubescent  with  short  spread- 
ing hairs,  the  first  scale  i-nerved,  the  second  and 
third  scales  9  nerved. 
Dry  wooiUd  liills,  New  N'oik  iiml  I'ennsylvani.i.     July- Aug. 


[Vol.  1:  p.  1 22. J     27a.  Panicum  neuran- 

thum  Griseb.     Nerved  Panicmn. 

(Fig.  269a.) 

Panicum  neuranthum  t'.riseb.  Cat.  PI.  Cub.  2,12.      1S66. 

Culms  tufted,  slender,  at  length  much  branched,  \ 
the  primary  simple, erect, glabrous  or  pubescent,  1 2'- 
30'  tall.  Sheaths  glabrous,  or  the  lower  pubescent, 
the  primary  about  one-half  as  long  as  the  internodes, 
those  on  the  branches  overlapping;  ligulc  a  ring  of 
hairs;  leaves  smooth  and  glabrous,  the  primary 
erect,  acuminate,  \'-\'  long,  i"-2;-^"  wide,  those 
on  the  branches  shorter,  erector  ascending,  usually 
involute  when  dry,  concealing  the  small  secondary 
panicles;  primary  panicle  i'-4'  long,  its  branches  at 
first  erect,  at  length  widely  spreading;  spikelets 
numerous,  broadly  obovate,  about  \"  long,  densely 
pubescent  with  short  spreading  hairs,  the  second 
and  third  scales  7-nerved. 

Dry  or  moist  soil  along  the  coast,  Virginia  to  Florida 
and  Louisiana.    Also  in  Cuba.    Juiie-Oet. 


502 


APPENDIX. 


[Vol,.  III. 


[Vol.  I:  p.  136.]    loa 

H.&B.     Spreading  Aristida.     (Fig.  306a.) 

Aiislida   liiyan'oUa   II.   iV    I!.;   Willil.   Eiuiin.   Iloit. 
lierol.  f)9.      i8uy. 

Culms  1,'^°-;,°  tall,  tufted,  erect.  Sheaths  over- 
lappiiiK,  rough,  usually  with  a  tuft  of  long  hairs  ou 
each  side  at  the  apex;  ligulc  a  short  ciliate  ring; 
leaves  smooth  hcneath,  rougli  above,  those  of  the 
culm  6'-i2'  long,  I'^-a"  wide,  erect  or  ascending; 
the  sterile  shoots  from  one-tliird  to  one-half  as  long 
as  the  culm,  the  leaves  narrower;  panicli'  compris- 
ing oiic-half  of  llic  plant,  or  more,  often  inclmled 
at  the  base,  its  branches  rigid,  at  Iriigth  wiJtiy 
spreading:  spikelets,  exclusive  of  the  awns,  about 
li'  long,uumcrous;  empty  scales  acumiuate.usiially 
awn-pointed;  (lowering  scale  commonly  slightly 
shorter  than  the  empty  ones,  firm,  sometimes 
spotted  with  purple,  hispidulous  above;  rt.-i7/,v  not 
articulated  to  the  scale,  the  lateral  ones  shorter  than 
the  central,  which  is  6"-io"  long;  callus  pilose. 

Dry  saiuly  soil,  Kansas  to  .\ri/ona  and  New  Jlexico, 
south  to  Mexico. 


[Vol.  I:  p.  132.]     la.    Savastana  Nashii 

Hicktiell.     Nodding  Vanilla-grass. 

(Fig.  294a.) 

5.  Xasliii  Ilicknell.Hull.Torr.Club,  25:  loj.  pl.jiS.   1898. 

Plant  smooth,  glabrous  and  shining.  Culms 
erect,  slender,  simple,  2°-3°  talt.  Sheaths  over- 
lapping, striate ;  ligule  scarious,  2"-^"  long ; 
leaves  erect  or  asceiuling,  elongated,  a  little  rough- 
ened above,  the  culm  leaves  5  or  6,  2'-8'  long,  2"- 
3"  wide,  acuminate;  panicle  long-exserted,  loose 
and  open,  7'- 17'  long,  its  apex  nodding,  the  capil- 
lary branches  drooping,  the  larger  2,'-~'  long,  in 
pairs,  the  divisions  more  or  less  flexuous;  spike- 
lets  2^^'"-4"  long,  on  capillary  pedicels;  scales  5, 
the  outer  2  empty,  abruptly  long-acuminate,  the 
first  i-ncrved,  the  second  3-ncrved,  the  third  and 
fourth  scales  about  2^2"  long,  rough,  ciliate  ou  the 
margins  with  a.scending  hairs,  5-uerved,  acute,  usu- 
ally awn-pointed,  the  fifth  scale  smaller,  smooth, 
hispidulous  at  the  apex,  sometimes  awn-jwinted. 

AloiiK  brackish  niavshes,  New  Vork  City.    July-.'Vuff. 

Aristida  divaricata 


[Vol. 


I59-] 


Agrostis  coarctata  V.hxh.. 
(Fig.  362a.) 


Dense-flowered  Bent-grass. 


Agrostis  coarclala  IChrli.;  lIolTni.  Deutscli.  Fl.  Ud. 
2,  i:  37.      1800. 

C'.labrous.  Culms  tufted,  erect,  or  decumbent 
at  the  base  and  often  rooting  at  the  lower  nodes, 
smooth,  1 2'- 20'  tall, at  length  branching;  sheaths 
shorter  than  the  intcrnodes;  ligule  scarious, 
'/i"-i"  long;  leaves  erect,  rough  ou  both  sur- 
faces, I'^'-i'/i'  long,  \]^"  or  less  wide;  panicle 
denseand  contracted,  il'i'-A'  long,  ^.('-;<' thick, 
its  branches  erect,  the  longer  1,'+'  long  or  less  ; 
spikelets  numerous,  crowded,  acute  at  both  ends 
and  lanceolate  wlien  closed,  l"-lX"  lo'iRi  O" 
sliorter  hispidulous  pedicels  which  are  much 
thickened  at  the  apex;  empty  scales  acute,  his- 
pidulous on  the  upper  part  of  the  keel,  espe- 
cially in  the  first  scale;  flowering  scale  hyaline, 
about  three-fiuartcrs  as  long  as  the  spikelet,  den- 
ticulate at  the  truncate  or  rounded  apex;  palet 
about  one-half  as  long  as  the  scale. 

Maine  to  New  Jersey.  Also  in  Europe.  July-Sept, 


Vol..  III.] 


APPENDIX, 


503 


2 

3" 


[Vol.  I:  p.  160.]   4a.  Agrostis  rupestris 

AUioni.    Vock  Bent-grass.     (Fig.  365a.) 

^Iq-ios/is  nifii-x/ris  Allioiii,  l''l.  Kdciii.  2: 237.  1785. 
Culms  tufted,  6'  or  less  tall,  slcudcr,  erect,  or 
dccumheut  at  the  base,  suiootli  aud  glabrous. 
Sheaths  longer  tliaii  theiiitertiodes;  ligule  about 
]•"  long;  leaves  smooth  and  glabrous,  I  hose  on 
the  culm  \'  or  less  long,  the  liasal  leaves  from 
one-third  to  one-half  as  long  as  the  culms; 
panicle  contracted,  i'  or  less  lonff,  its  axis  aiul 
branches  sniootli,  the  latter  erect  or  nearly  so, 
spikelel-bearing  above  the  middle;  spikclets 
al)()ut  i"  long;  empty  scales  about  equal,  i- 
nerved,  acute,  usually  purple,  bispidulous  on 
the  keel;  (lowering  scale  shorter,  hyaline,  den- 
ticulate at  the  obtuse  or  truncate  a])cx,  bearing 
about  the  middle  a  dorsal  scabrous  awn  a  little 
over  I"  long;  palet  wanting. 

I,abr:i(l(ir  anil  thu   Iiisfli   mountains  of  Nevada. 
Also  in  Ivuropc.    .Summer. 


-     [Vol.  I:  p.  174.]     2a.    Danthonia  glabra 

Nash.  Smootii  VVild  Oat-grass.  (Fig.  398a.) 
Panllionia  glabra  Nasli,  Hull.  Torn  Club,  24:  ,| ;.      1S97. 

C'lahroiis.  Culms  erect,  tufted,  i6'-2.S'  tali,  slightly 
roughened  just  below  the  panicle  and  pubcrulent  below 
the  brown  nodes;  sheaths  usually  shorter  than  the  iu- 
ternodes;  ligule  densely  ciliate  with  long  silky  hairs; 
leaves  smooth  excepting  at  the  apex,  i  "-2"  wide,  erect, 
those  on  the  sterile  shoots  (>'  or  more  long,  the  culm 
leaves  2'-4'  long;  panicle  2'-;/  long,  contracted;  spike- 
lets,  including  awns,  ()"-ut"  long,  .s-io-flowercd,  on 
bispidulous  appressed  pedicels;  empty  scales  acumi- 
nate; llowering  scales  2]i"-y'  long  to  the  base  of  the 
teeth,  pilose  on  the  inariiins  belovAwX  sometimes  spar- 
ingly so  on  the  niidncrve  at  the  base,  the  remainder  0/ 
the  scah\[^lal>rons,  teeth,  including  the  awns,  i"-\%" 
long,  the  central  awn  4;2"-6"  long,  more  or  less 
spreading. 

In  swamps,  southtrn  Niw  Jersey  to  Georgia.     May-July. 


Sieglingia  albescens  (\'a.sey)  Kimtze. 
vSieglingia.     (Fig.  422a.) 


White 


Tn'ciisfiis   alltesceiis    JIunro;    A.   Cray,    I'rnc.    Pliila. 

Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  1862:  335.      Xanic  only.     1.S63. 
Trimlia  albescens  \'a>n'y\  Hull.  V.  .S.  Dtpt.  .ABric.  Div. 

Hot.  12:  Tart  2,  33.      iHyi. 
Siei^lini;ia  albescens  Kuntzc;  I,.   II.  Diwcy,  Contr.  V. 

■S.  Nat.  Herb.  2:  53S.      1894. 

Culms  tufted,  erect,  smootli  and  glabrous,  i2'-2o' 
tall,  the  sterile  shoots  one- half  as  long  as  the  culm 
or  more.  Sheaths  shorter  than  the  internodes, 
smooth;  ligule  a  ring  of  short  hairs;  leaves  smooth 
beneath,  roughish  above,  acuminate,  2,'2''-u'  long. 
,//_2//  ^yi(jg.  panicle  dense  and  contracted,  while, 
?}i'-5'  long,  h'-H'  broad,  its  branches  erect  or 
ascending,  i'  or  less  long;  spikelcts  about  7-11- 
flowcred,  2'''-2;^'''  long,  the  empty  scales  white, 
i-ncrved,  about  equal;  flowering  scales  about 
lyi"  long,  3-nerve(1,  the  lateral  nerves  vanishing  be- 
low the  apex,  all  the  nerves  g-labroiis,  the  midnerve 
cxcurrcnt  in  a  short  scabrous  point,  denticulate 
and  irregularly  and  obscurely  lobed  at  the  truncate 
apex,  short-pilose  on  the  callus. 

Prairies,  Kansas  to  Texas.     Aug.-Sept. 


'W 


504 


Ain'KNDIX.  [Vol..  III. 

Sieglingia  elong^ta  (lUtcklcy)  Nash.     Long-panicled 
Sieglingia.     (  Fig.  422b. ) 

I'inlefii.i  fliiiic^ala  lliickli'v,  I'roc.  Phila.  Acad.  Soi. 

1862:  Sii.       1S63. 
'J'riiiisfiis  />  iiifn'ii^/iitiii.i  Sliiiiro;  A.  (".ray  in  Proc. 

riiila.   Acad.    Nat.   Sci.    j86j:  jjj.     Name  only. 

I8<,3. 

Culms  i°-3°  tall,  tuflcil,  erect,  rough,  the  ster- 
ile shoots  about  ,'j  ns  long  as  the  culms.  Sheaths 
rough,  longer  tliaii  the  internodes,  a  ring  of 
hair.T  at  the  ape.\,  the  lower  sheaths  usually 
sparingly  papillose-pilose;  ligule  a  ring  of  hairs; 
leaves  rough,  usually  involute  when  (Iry,  3'- 10' 
long,  i"-2"  wide;  panicle  narrow,  5'-io' long, 
yi'  wide,  its  branches  erect,  i,'..'  or  less  long, 
usually  exceeding  the  rachis-internodcs;  spike- 
lets  io-12-flowered,  4j4"-6"  long,  the  empty 
scales  scabrous,  hispidulous  on  the  midnerve, 
the  first  l-nerved,  the  second  3-nervcd;  flow- 
ering scales  about  3"  long,  o/i/tisfii/  //ii-  scabrous 
af>i'.v,  ,1-ncrved,  the  lateral  nerves  vanishing  at 
or  below  the  apex,  tlie  midnerve  usnally  excur- 
rent  in  a  short  point,  iil/  llir  /•■•ir  ■<  />  An,'  /ir/oio 
the  middle. 


f^^ 


Prairies,  Kansas  to  .\rizona  and  Texas.    Jiiiie  .\uk. 

[Vol.  I:  p.  185.]     2C.  Sieglingia  pildsa  (Buck- 
ley) Nash.    Sharp-scaled  Sieglingia.  (Fig.  422c.  i 

Cralcpis  (lilosa  l!uckley,  Proc.  Phila.  Acad.  Nat.  .Sci.  1862: 

94.      i86,v 
Tiicuspii  aruniiiiala  Munro;  A.  Cray  ni  Pnic.  Phila.  .Acad. 

Nal.  Sci.  1862:  3V5'     Name  only.      186,5. 

Culms  tufted, 2>^ '-12'  tall, smooth  and  glabrous. the  ster- 
ile shoots  4'  tall  or  less.  .Sheaths  smooth,  a  tuft  of  hairs  on 
each  side  at  the  apex,  much  shorter  than  the  intcrntKk's; 
ligule  a  ring  of  short  hairs;  leaves  strict  or  curved,  thick, 
linear,  obtuse,  incrvcd,  the  margins  white,  serrulate,  I  '-2' 
long  or  less,  less  than  i"  wide,  folded,  at  least  when  dry, 
pubescent  with  long  hairs,  especially  beneath;  panicle  al- 
most racemose,  long-exserted,  yi'  :J^'  long;  spikelets 
3-10,  crowded,  .S-12-flowered;  empty  scales  acuminate, 
I-uerved;  flowering  scales  y'-^li"  long,  adimhiitli',  - 
3-nerved,  the  midnerve  generally  excurrcnt  in  a  short  i 
point,  all  the  ner%'es  (the  lalcral  at  the  top  and  l>ottoin,  the 
midnerve  />r/ou'  the  middle),  the  callus,  and  the  base  pilose. 

Dry  soil,  Kansas  to  Colorado,  Texas  and  New  Mexico.     .April- Sept. 


[Vol.  I:  p.  208.]     2ia.    Pea  arachnifera 
Torr.     Texas  Blue-grass.     (Fig.  479a.) 

Poa  arachnifera  Torr.  Marcy's  Kxped.  301.      1853. 

Culms  tufted,  i°-3°  tall,  smooth  and  glabrous,  from 
running  rootstocks;  sterile  shoots  from  one-half  as  long 
as  the  culms  to  equalling  them.  Sheaths  longer  than 
the  internodes,  smooth  or  roughish,  hyaline  on  the 
margins;  ligule  a  short  membranous  ring;  leaves  linear, 
erect,  usually  folded  when  dry,  smooth  beneath,  rough 
above,  i^^'-g'  long,  lY^'-'s"  broad,  abruptly  acute; 
panicle  dense  and  contracted,  sometimes  interrupted 
below,  3'-6)'i'  long,  Yz'-iYi'  broad,  its  branches  as- 
cending or  erect;  spikelets  numerous,  4-7-flowered, 
the  scales  acuminate,  the  empty  ones  hispidulous  on 
the  midnerve;  flowering  scales  2"-2K"  long,  often 
pointed,  pubescent  at  the  base  with  copious  long  col>- 
vebhy  hairs,  ynen'cd,  the  midnerve  and  lateral  neiTes 
pilose  below  the  middle.  ___^ 

Prairies,  Kansas  to  New  Mexico,  south  to  Louisiana 
and  Texas.     Also  introduced  in  Florida.     April-May. 


[Vol..  III. 
[-panicled 

I.  Aciul.  Sfi. 

riiy  iTi  Proc. 
Name  (Hily. 

"h,  the  ster- 
is.  Sheaths 
,  a  ring  of 
ths  usually 
ng  of  hairs; 
1  dry,  3'-!"' 
5'-lo'  lotiK, 
ir  less  long, 
odes;  spike- 
thc  empty 
e  inidnerve, 
ervcd;  flow- 
llw  scabrous 
•aiiishing  at 
ually  exour- 
/)  7.1V,'  ht'Uno 


Vol..  II r.] 
[Vol.  i:  p. 


AI'rKNDIX. 


Northern  Manna-grass. 


achnifera 
I.  479a.) 

1853- 
Tlabrous,  from 
le-half  aslong 
IS  longer  than 
valine  on  the 
;  leaves  linear, 
)eneath,  rough 
bruptly  acute; 
es  interrupted 
s  branches  as- 
,  4-7-flowered, 
liispidulous  on 
;"  long,  often 
pious  long  cob- 
\  lateral  ncnes 

^.\\  to  Louisiana 
April-May. 


!i3.J     8a.   Panicularia  bore£klis  Nasli. 

(Kig.  49 1 'I.) 
(i'lycnia  JlitiUiin    vnr.    aiifiiishila    Vasty,    I'loc. 

Tort.  ,Soi'.  Nat.  Mist.  2:  yi.      iSys.     Not  (i.  a>ii;us- 

lata  T.  I'rii'S.       uSCiy. 
/'.  borealis  Nasli,  Hull.  Terr.  Club,  24:  ^.jS.      181)7. 

Glabrous.  Culms  erect  from  a  creeping  base, 
i'j°-5°tall;slieatli8ovcrlapping,stiioothorrough- 
ish,  the  uppermost  one  enclosing  the  base  of  the 
panicle;  ligulc  2',"-T/2"  long,  membranous; 
leaves  linear,  abruptly  acuminate,  3>^'-2l'  long, 
i"-5"  wide;  panicle  slender,  narrow,  the  ex- 
serted  ]iortion  6'--'o'  long,  its  branches  appressed 
or  nearly  so,  the  lower  in  2's  or  3's,  the  longer 
of  which  bear  5-12  spikclets;  spikeli'ls  ^"-q)" 
/'"'.Ci  7-i3-flowerc(l,appre.ssed;  outer  two  scales 
empty,  i-ncrved,  smooth  and  shining,  unequal; 
flowering  scales  //////,  2"-2ji"  long,  7-uerved, 
the  nerves  hispiilulous,  a  broad  scarious  margin 
at  the  obtuse  and  erose  apex;  palet  hyaline, 
slightly  sliorter  than  the  scale,  .shortly  2-toothed 
at  the  obtuse  apex. 

In  shallow  walir,  Maine  to  New  York,  Idaho, Cali- 
fornia, Washington,  and  northward. 


[\'ol.  I:  p.  213.]     ga.    Panicularia 
brachyphylla  Nash.     Short-leaved  Manna- 
grass.     (Fig.  492a.) 

r.  hrachyt>hyHa  Nasli,  Hull.  Turr.  CUib,  24:  349.      1897. 

Glabrous.  Culms  erect  from  a  creeping  base,  2°-3° 
tall;  sheatlis  generally  longer  than  the  intcrnodes, 
almost  closed,  the  uppermost  one  enclosing  the  base 
of  the  panicle;  ligule  3"-4>2"  long,  membranous; 
leaves  linear,  acuminate,  i^'z'-i'  long,  2"-2>i"  wide; 
panicle  slender,  narrow,  the  exscrted  portion  i2'-i6' 
long,  its  branches  appressed  or  nearly  so,  the  lower 
in  2's  or  3's,  the  longer  of  which  bear  2  or  3  spike- 
lets;  spikelets  compre.ssed-cylindric,  io"-i4"  lorn;, 
7-12-nowered;  empty  scales  i-nerved,  the  second 
2 '2 "-3''' long;  flowering  scales  hispidnloiis  all  over, 
7-nerved,  about  ^yi"  long,  tlic  obtuse  apex  obscurely 
and  irregularly  few-toothed;  palet  about  3"  long, 
acuiniiia/e,  a  little  exceed  in::;  the  scale. 

In  shallow  water,  New  York.    June-July. 

[Vol.  I:  p.  217.]     4a.    Festuca 

brachyphylla  Schultes.     Short-leaved 

Fcscne-grass.     (Fig.  500a.) 

Fcsluca  hrevifolia   R.    I?r.   Append.   Parry's   Voy. 

Suppl.  2S1)       1S24,     Not  Mulil.  i^ii7. 
Fesluca  bracliypliylla  Schultes,  Manl.  3:  .\ddit.  1, 

646.      1827. 
Festuca  ovina  \,.  var.  brevifotia  S.  Wats,  in  King's 

Rep.  V .  S.  Geol.  Rxpl.  40th  Paral.  5:  ,-589.      1871. 

Smooth  and  glabrous.  Culms  densely  tufted, 
8'  or  less  tall,  slender,  erect,  much  exceeding 
the  short  basal  leaves;  sheaths  coarsely  striate; 
ligule  a  short  scarious  ring;  leaves  very  narrow, 
involute,  at  least  when  dry,  tliose  on  the  culmH' 
or  less  long,  erect  or  ascending;  panicle  i'  or  less 
long,nca.t\y  simple.its  branches  appressed;  spike- 
lets  2-^-Jlo7uered,  the  empty  scales  acuminate, 
the  first  I -nerved,  the  second  3-nerved;  flower- 
ing scales  acute  or  acuminate,  rough  toward  the 
apex,  2'''-2'/i'"  long,  exclusive  of  the  scabrous 
awn  which  is  y2"-\)i"  long. 

Newfoundland  to  liritisli  Columbia,  the  higher  mountains  of  Vermont,  and  the  Rocky  Mountains 
to  Colorado.     Summer. 


u 


'll 


AI'l'KNDIX. 


[Vol..  iir. 


[Vol.  I:  p.  217.]      4b.    Festuca  capilUta 
I.am.    Filiform  Fcsciie-Kra.ss.    (Fig.  500b.) 

t'cslma  capilUilii  I.aiii.  I'l.  I'raiu'.  3-  ,soS.      1778. 

Densely  lulled.  Culms  erect  willi  n  clecuinl)eiit 
base,  6'-i5'  tall,  slender,  smooth  and  glaucous, shin- 
ing,'; sheaths  smooth,  longer  than  the  intcriiodes, 
confined  to  the  l)asc  of  the  culm;  linule  «  short 
memhrHiions  ring;  Iciivt's  Jili/oriii,  smooth  or  rough, 
the  hasal  ones  from  one-third  to  onchalf  as  long  as 
the  culm,  the  culm  leaves  I'-i,'.'  long;  panicle 
contracted,  ,'i'-2'  long,  its  hrauihes  erect,  %'  or 
less  long;  s|)ikelcts  2"-2,'j"  long,  \-^-llo:cercd; 
outer  scales  empty,  uncciual,  the  first  iicumiuHte, 
the  second  acute;  flowering  .scales  (/id///  i.V"  long, 
liiiiiu'iictl,  acii/r. 

I'iiUts  and  roadsides,  Maiiii'  ind  New  York.  Iiilru- 
cIirkI  finni  I^iiiopc.    Jinic  July. 


[Vol.  I:  p.  220.]     4a,  Bromus  Madriten- 
sis  L,     Compact  Chc.s.s.     (Fig.  509a.) 

Jlioinns  Madn'leiisis  I^.  .Anioin.  .\cad.  4:2ii,S-  175.> 
Culms  l°-2°  tall,  tufted,  smooth  and  glabrous. 
Sheaths  smooth,  glabrous,or  the  lower  ones  pubes- 
cent, usually  shorter  than  the  internodes;  ligule 
scarions,  lacerated,  l"-2"  long;  leaves  2,'i'-S' 
long,  i)'z"-T,"  wide,  rough  above,  often  pubescent 
on  both  surfaces;  panicle  dense,  3'-6'  long,  its 
rough  branches  erect  or  ascending,  the  longer  2'- 
;/ long;  spikelets  iiuineroits,  \]'i'-2'  long,  includ- 
ing the  awns,  the  scales  .•icuminate,  scarions  on  the 
margins,  the  first  scale  i  nerved,  the  second  .;• 
nerved;  flowering  scales,  exclusive  of  the  awn, 
6"-7"  loiigy  sparsely  ami  iiiinulcly  af>f>iYsuii-f>i(- 
bescrnt,  the  apex  aciiiitinatcly  i-loollwJ,  5-ucrvcd, 
bearing  an  erect  or  divergent  awn  (>"-()"  long. 

Waste  ])laces,  MicluKan  and  Virginia;  also  in  Cali- 
fornia.    Locally  adventive  from  I'lnrope.     Summer. 


[\'ol.   I:  p.   222.] 


loa.    Bromus  arvensis  1<. 

(Fig.  515a.) 


1'"k1>1  L'lii.'.--s  or  ISroiiii.'. 


Hi  otiius  ai  z'ciisis  I,.  .Sp.  I'l.  77,       1753. 

Culms  erect,  l^-.s"  tall,  smooth  and  shining, 
glabrous  except  at  or  near  the  brown  nodes. 
Sheaths  shorter  than  the  internodes,  softly  and 
densely  pubescent  witli  short  rejlexed  hairs  :  ligule 


scanous,  yz 


>/-" 


t'/i"  long;  leaves  erect  or  ascending, 
more  or  less  hirsute  on  both  surfaces,  3'-6'  long, 
2"-,i"  wide;  panicle  ample,  s'-y'  long,  its  rough 
branches  erect  or  ascending,  rarelj-  spreading, 
branching  and  spikclet-bearing  above  the  middle, 
the  longer  j'-S'  long;  spikelets,  including  the  awns, 
9''--i2"  long,  lanceolate,  somewhat  shining,  the 
scales  membranous,  scarions  on  the  margins,  mi- 
nutely and  .sparsely  appressed-pubescent  toward 
the  acute  apex,  papillose  along  the  nerves,  the  first 
scale  3-nerved,  the  second  5-ncrvcd ;  flowering  scales 
broadest  at  the  middle,  5-nerved,  3yi"-Y'  longi 
bearing  an  erect  awn  of  about  the  same  length. 

Fields  and  waste  pl.iccs.  New  York,  New  Jersey  and 
Slichigan.    Locally  adventive  from  Uurope.     Sunuuer. 


Vor,.  III.] 

[Vol.  X:  p.  22('/' 


AI'I'IiNDIX, 


( 


la.    Agropyron  pseudorepcns  .Scribii.  &  Sm. 

xh-Krass.     (  Fij;.  524:1. ) 


507 
False 


•S 


Agiofiyio)!  f<u'ii(l'ircf>eif:  .Snihii,  iS:  Siii.   Hull.  I 
Di'pt.  AKiii'.  Div.  .•\>{ii)st.  4:  ,^|.      iSc,;. 

Light  n''et-Mi.     Culms   1-3°   tall,  erect,  sttinotli 

and  glabrous,  from  a  running  roolstock;  slienllis 

shorter  than  the  internoiles,  smooth;  ligule  a  short 

tneinl)ranous      ring;     leaves     erect,     prominently 

nerved,    miix'/i   on   k>lh   siir/iiirs,  acuminate,    the 

culm   loaves  3'  S'   long,    a"- ,3"  wide,   the    hasal 

leaves  about  one-half  as  long  as  the  culms;  spikes 

3'-8'  long,  strict;  spikelcts  .s'-'-S"  long,  ^-y-flow- 

ered,  a  little  comftimed,  ahfin'ssul  to   the  itu/iis 

which  is  hispidulous  on  the  margins;  empty  scales 

lanceolate,  e(iualling  or  somewliat  shorter  tlian  the 

spikelet,  acuminate  and   often   awn-pointed,  5-7. 

nerved,  the  nerves  hispidulous;  flowering  scales  5- 

nerved,  roughisli   toward   the  apex,  usually  awn- 

pointcd. 

Ri.l,     ivc-r  buttons,  Molilalia  to  liritisli  L'i)ltiiiil)ia, 
soH'J'  tc    Nebraska,  Arizona  and  Tex. is.      July  .\iin. 


rvoi. 


lb.    Agropyron  spi- 
catum  (Pur.sh)  Scribii.  vS:  Sm.     Western 

Wlieat-Kra.ss.     (Fig.  524b.) 
I't-stnca  sfiifiita  I'lirsli,  I'l.  .\iii.  .Sl-jiI.  i:S,^      i8r.(. 
.1:; iii/>\'iiiii   sf>inilnin   Scribii.  &  Sin.   liiiU.   U.  S. 

I)r|)t,  .VKric.  Div.  .\Kriisl.  4:  ,y.      18^7. 

/'tile  j^ircii,  fflaiiauis.  Culms  i,'2°-4°  tall, 
erect,  from  a  slender  creeping  rootstock,  smooth 
and  glabrous;  sheHlhs  shorter  than  the  inter- 
nodes,  smooth;  ligule  a  short  membranous 
ring;  leaves  erect,  2'-^'  long,  2"~.\"  wide,  acu- 
ininale,  very  scabrous  above,  smooth  beneatli, 
becoming  involute  when  dry;  spike  long-ex- 
serted,  strict,  4'-8'  long;  spikelcts  crowded, 
(livergiiit/ioni  the  raeliis,  compressed ,\anceo\&\.ii 
when  closed,  !i'-l'  long,  ()-i2-flowcrcd;  empty 
scales  acuminate,  awn-pointed,  shorter  than  the 
spikelet,  hispidulous  on  the  keel;  flowering 
scales  5"-6"  long,  acute  or  awn-pointed,  gla- 
brous or  sparsely  jjubesccnt. 

Moist  I.ukI,  M.iiiitol)  1  and  Minnesota  to  Oregon, 
soiilli  to  Missouri  and  Texas. 


[Vol.  I :  p.  226.]     ic.    Agropyron  tetra- 

stachys  Scribn.  6v:  Sin.     Coast  Wheat-grass. 

(Fig.  524c.) 

Affiopyion  lelrastacliya  Scribn.  ^  Sm.  Hull.  V.  S.  Dcpl. 
.\Kric.  Div.  Agrost.  4:  ,?2.      1897. 

(ilaiteous.  Culms  rigid,  slender,  erect,  I'i  -3°  tall, 
from  a  running  rootstock;  sheaths  shorter  than  the  in- 
iiodcs,  smooth  and  glabrous;  ligule  wanting;  leaves 
erect,  acuminate,  5'-S'  long,  2"  or  less  wide,  smooth 
beneath,  glaucous  above,  scabrous  on  the  margins; 
spikes  long-exserted,  3'-5'  long,  ^-siJeJ ;  spikelcts 
crowded,  6"-iu"loug,  6-ii-flowcred,  apprcssed  to  the 
■\-aiijrled  aiiieiilated  raeliis,  the  angles  hispidulous; 
empty  scales  lanceolate,  5"  long,  rough  on  the  keel, 
5-7-nerved;  flowering  scales  lanceolate,  keeled,  rough 
toward  the  apex,  acute,  awu-pointed  or  short-awned. 

Sandy  beaches,  coast  of  Maine.    July-Aug. 


!.)< 


5o8 


M 


?; 


AITENDIX.  [Vol..  III. 

Agropyron  Gmelini  Scribn.  &  Sm.     Gmelin's 
Wheat-grass.     (Fig.  528a.) 

Afiti/iyron   Omeliiii  Scribii.   &   Sm.   Bull.   V .  S. 
Dept.  Agric.  Div.  .Vgrost.  4:  30.      1897. 

Culms  i,'^°-4°  tall,  erect,  sh-ndn;  tufted, 
smooth  and  glabrous,  110  roolslocks.  Slieatlis 
smootli.  usually  longer  than  the  internodes; 
ligule  a  sliori  membranous  ring;  Irazrs  erect, 
4'-io'  long,  i"-y  wide,  acuminate,  smooth  be- 
neath, scabrous  on  the  margins  and  sometimes 
also  sparsely  so  above;  spike  slender,  long-ex- 
serted,  2'-S'  long;  spikelets  6-20,  somewhat 
crowded,  appresscd  to  l.ic  rachis,  more  or  less 
compressed,  ^-C)-jlo:ce>rd;  empty  scales  S"-'" 
long,  shorter  than  the  spikelet,  acuminate  into 
a  shorter  awn;  flowering  scales  ^"-d"  long, 
acuminate,  bearing  at  or  just  below  the  apex  a 
slender  scabrous  awn  7"-i5'''  long. 

Bottom  lands,  Washington  to  western  Nebraska. 


[Vol.  i:  p.  231.]     3a.    Elymus  inter- 
medius  (Va.sey)  Scribu.  &  Sm. 
Strict  Wild  Rye.     (Fig.  535a.) 

Elymus  Canadensis  var.  inlet  medins  Vasej*;  W.its.  & 
Coult.  in  A.  Gray,  Man.  VA.  6,  67,^      li^oo. 

Elymus  inlermedius  Scribn.  &  Sm.  Hull.  l*.  S.  IJepl. 
Agric.  Div.  Agrost.  4:  38.      1S9-. 

Culms  erect  from  a  perennial  root,  2°-^°  tall, 
smooth  and  glabrous.  Sheaths  longer  than  the 
internodes,  smooth,  the  uppermost  often  inflated 
and  enclosing  the  base  of  the  spike;  ligule  a  short 
membranous  ring;  leaves  -'-\i'  long,  \"-^"  wide, 
acuminate,  very  rough  on  both  surfaces;  spikes 
2^ '-6'  long,  stout,  the  rachis  pubescent;  spikelets 
crowded,  in  pairs,  2-5-flowered;  empty  scales  linear, 
S"-(>"  long,  thick,  3-5-nerved,  the  nerves  hirsute, 
acuminate  into  a  scabrous  awn  as  long  as  or  shorter 
than  thescaic;  flowering  scales  lanceolate,  5-nerved, 
appressed-hirsiite,  ■\"-^"  long,  acuminate  into  a 
rough  azi'H  (>"-?•,"  long. 

River  baiiks,  JIaiiie  to  Virginia,  west  to  Illinois  and 
Nebraska.    July -Aug. 


[Vol.  I:  p.  231.]     3b.    Elymus  robustus 

Scribn.  &  Sin.     Stont  Wild  Rye. 

(Fig.  535b.) 

Elymus  rnhiis/us  Scrihn.  &.  Sm.  BuU.U.  ,S.  Dept.  Agric. 
Div.  Agrost.  4:  37.      1897. 

Culms  erect,  usually  stout,  3°-6°  tall,  smooth  and 
glabrous.  Sheaths  longcj'  than  the  internodes, 
smooth  or  slightly  roughened;  ligule  a  short  cori- 
aceous ring  with  acute  lateral  auricles;  leaves  firm, 
very  rough  on  both  surfaces,  4'-i5'  long,  4''-io''' 
wide,  acuminate;  spike  little  exserted,  stout, 
4'-9'  long,  the  rachis  usually  glabrous  except  on 
the  angles;  spikelets  numerous,  crowded,  in  2',s-4'.s', 
3-4-flowered;  empty  scales  subulate,  5"-6"  long, 
bearing  an  awn  6"-t)"  long;  flowering  scales  lan- 
ceolate, 5"-6"  long,  2-toothed  at  the  apex,  from 
sparsely  to  densely  appressed-pubescent,  bearing 
a  llexuous  or  bent  atvn  i5"-24'''  long. 

River  banks,  Ontario  and  Vermont  to  Oregon,  south 
to  North  Carolina,  Texas  and  .\rizona. 


Vol..  III.] 


APPENDIX. 


509 


[Vol.  I:  p.  268.]     19a.  Scirpus  Ndvae-Angliae  Britton 
Coast  Sedge.     (Fig.  627a. ) 

Perennial  by  rootstocks;  culm  stout,  erect, 
4°-7°  tall,  sharply  3-angleil,  the  sides  flat  or 
nearly  so.  Leaves  long,  4"-6"  wide,  somewhat 
roughish  on  the  margins  when  dry,  the  lowest 
reduce'i  to  pointed  sheaths,  those  of  the  invo- 
lucre 2-5,  the  longer  of  them  much  exceeding 
the  inflorescence;  spikelel;:  luiitowly  cyliiutiic, 
tU'ttti-,  ;V-2'  loiiii,  less  Ihan  y^'  lliiik,  solitary  or 
2-5  together  at  the  ends  of  tlie  rays  of  the  umbel, 
llie  rays  \.'-i,'  loiig\  scales  awned;  bristles  2-4, 
shorter  than  the  grayish-zvliit''  dull  ohovate 
aclicne,  which  is  distinctly  3-angled;  stamens  3; 
style  ;vcleft. 

In  I'rsU  watir  and  brackish  ni.irslies,  Stratford 
and  Kairntld,  Conn,  i  Dr.  Iidwin  H.  ICanies),  .Spuv- 
ten  Duvvil,  New  York  City  (Iv.  1'.  BiekuLll). 


New  England 


[Vol.  I:  p.  3f>6.]     2a.    Lemna  minima  Philippi. 

Least  Duckweed.     (Fig.  S86a.) 
l.emiia  mittima  I'liilijipi,  I.inuaea,  33:  2,^9.      1S41. 

Thallus  obloiig  to  elliptic,  i''-2"  long,  obscurely  \-iHrved, 
or  iicrvticss,  r.v///  a  ro:o  of  />a/>iilt's  aloiij:;  the  >icrvc,  Ihr 
lower  surface  flaly  or  slii^hlly  ionvcx ;  the  apex  rounded, 
rootcap  usually  short,  a  little  curveil,  rarely  perfectly  straight, 
cylindric,  blunt ;  spallic  open;  pistil  short-clavate;  stigma 
concave;  ovule  solitary,  obliquely  orthotropous;  seed  oblong, 
pointed,  about  16  ribbed,  with  many  transverse  striations, 
Georgia  and  IHonda  to  Kansas,  Wyoming  and  Califcirnia. 


[Vol.  i:  p.  367.]     2a.   WOLFFIELLA  Ilegelm.  Kngler's  Bot.  Jalirb.  21: 

303-       1895. 
Thallus  thin,  unsymmetrical,  rootless,  curved  in  the  form  of  a  segment  of  a  band,  punc- 
tate ou  both  surfaces  with  numerous  brown  pigment-cells.     Pouch  opening  as  a  cleft  in  the 
basal  margin  of  the  thallus,  a  stipe  attached  to  its  margins.     Flowers  and  fruit  unknown. 
[Diminutive  of  Wolffia.] 

About  7  species,  mostly  of  tropical  regions.      Besides  the  following,  2  others  are  known  from 
western  North  .\nierica. 


I.    Wolffiella  Floridana  (J.  D.  Smith)  Thompson.     Florida  Wolfiiella. 

(Fig.  889a.) 

H'oljfia  ,c;ladiata  var.  Floridana  ].  I>.  .Smith,  Hull,  Torr,  Club,  7: 

64,      1S80. 
\yotffia  Floridana  J.  I).  Smith;  Ilegelm,  Kngler's  Hot  Jahrb.  21: 

305.      1895. 

Wolffiella  Floridana  Thompson,  Ann.  Kep.  Mo.  Hot.  Card,  9: 

17.     1S97, 

Thalli  solitary,  or  commonly  coherent  for  several  genera- 
tions formingdensely  interwoven  masses,strapsliaped, scythe- 
shaped,  or  doubly  curved,  tapering  from  the  rounded  oblique 
base  to  a  long-attenuate  apex,  2,'i"-5'''  long,  14-ar  times  as 
long  as  wide;  basal  portion  of  the  long  stipe  persistent,  the 
pouch  elongated-triangular,  or  the  upper  angle  rounded. 

Georgia  and  Florida  to  Missouri,  Arkansas  and  Texas, 


5IO 


APPENDIX. 


[Vol..  III. 


[Vol.  i:p.  367.]     2a.    Wolffia   papulifera  Thompson.     Pointed  Duckweed. 

(Fig.  891a.) 

Q      U  .       ^./v,^  ll'ollJia  papulifera  Tliompson,  Ann.  Rip.  JIo.  Bot. 

O       Q  ^^  Thallus    slislitly    unsynimctrical,    obliquely 

^  broadly    ovate,    about     yi"    broad,    tlic    apex 

rounded,  the  upper  furfaee  Ihit  nt  the  muri^iu. 
!^rii(lu<illy  iisceiiiliiiff  into  <i  f'roiiiiueiit  eouir 
pdf'ule  nil  the  median  line,  brown-punctate,  the 
under  surface  strongly  gibbous,  less  punctate; 
stotnata  numerous  on  the  upper  surface;  flower 
and  fruit  unknown. 

T'loalinp.  with  the  entile  upper  surface  oxpused 
to  the  air,  Kennett  and  Cohlinbia,  Sid. 


[Vol.  i:p.  377.] 


la.   Tradescantia  bracteata  Small.     I.ong-bracted 
Spiderwort.     (Fig.  910a 


Perennial,  deep  green,  glabrous  to  the  inflorescence, 
or  nearly  so.  Stems  erect,  4'-lo'  tall,  simple  or  spar- 
ingly branched;  leaves  linear  to  linear-lanceolate,  4'- 
8'  long,  long-acuminate;  sheaths  paler  than  the  leaf- 
blades,  conspicuously  ribbed,  glabrous,  or  the  upper 
ones  sometimes  ciliate;  inz-ol/icres  0/2  I'rcreti,  the^e 
/>ro(i(/er  than  the  leciz'es,  more  or  less  strongly  saccate 
at  the  base,  ciliate  and  often  sparingly  villous  on  the 
back;  umbcl-likc  cymes  few-flowered;  peifieeh  i,rl<in- 
dular  pulwieent.  ]i,'-\'  lon<^ ;  fepul.t  D-dte-laneeoliite  to 
clliptie-loneeoldte,  s^lamtulur,  more  or  less  involute; 
corolla  blue  or  reddish,  about  i'  broad. 

In  sandy  soil,  Minnesota  to  South  r)akota,  south  to 
Kansas.  Spring  and  summer.  Ascends  to  7':,(>o  feel  in 
the  Black  Hills. 


[Vol.  I:  p.  377.]     23.    Tradescantia 

reBexa  Rat".     Retlc.xed  vSpiderwort. 

(Fig.  9ria.; 

Tradescantia  reflexa  Raf.  Atl.  Journ.  150.    iS,^2. 

Perennial,  glabrous,  i:iiiueoii<.  Stems  erect, 
l°-V'  tall,  nearly  straight,  commonly  much 
branched;  leaves  linear,  S'  20'  long,  straight, 
or  somewhat  curved,  long-atteiiualc;  slieaths 
I'lrgCi  5"->5"  long;  inroluerex  0/2  uiie,/i,(il 
jiniilly  nj/exed  leof-lihe  hniets ;  umbel-like 
cymes  usually  dense  at  maturity;  pedieel.t 
slender,  \n''-\^"  linii;:  reiiirrei/;  sepals  ob- 
long or  elliptic,  apparently  lanceolate  l)y  the 
involute  edges,  4" -$"  long,  hooded,  mostly 

reith  a  tuft  0/ hiiirs  at  the  a/'ev ;  corolla  blue  or  red,  Io"-l5"  broad,  the  f;tah  sulior/'ienlar ; 

capsule  ovoid  to  oblong,  2>i"-3"  long,  glabrous. 

In  sandy  or  clayey  soil,  Minnesota  to  Florida  and  Texas.     Spring  and  summer. 


Vol.  in.] 


api'e;ndix. 


511 


[Vol.  I:  p.  436.]     la.  Trillium  viride 
Beck.    Green  Wake-robin.     (Fig.  1043a.) 

Trillium  z'ii  idc  Htck,  Am.  Jourii.  Sci.  ii:  178.  1S26. 
Perennial  by  a  short  corm-like  rootstock,  light 
green.  Stems  solitary,  or  several  together,  4'-i5' 
tall,  rough-pubescent  near  the  top,  or  glabrous  in 
age;  leaves  oblong  to  ovate,  2'-4'  long,  obtuse  or 
acutish,  3-5-nerved,  i/s/iitlh'  hlotclnil,  more  or  less 
pubescent  on  the  nerves  beneath;  //(>-.:urs  siss/'/r  ; 
sepals  linear  or  linear-lanceolate,  i'-2'  long,  bright 
green,  acute  or  obtuse;  /i/n/s  clct-vtd,  tin-  hlinh's  lin- 
ear or  iii'iirly  ,«>,  siirpiissiii!^  ///<•  fepiila,  lii^lil  grciii 
or  /'iir/'lis/i  <:ri,'ii.  the  claw.s  sotnctitncs  brown  or 
purple;  stamens  about  J  5'  as  long  as  the  petals;  fila- 


ments flattened, 


-!  shorter  than  the  anthers. 


In  woods  and   Rli\des,   Missouri    and   Tetnu'sscc   to 
Mississippi  and  Arkansas.     Spvill^^. 


niotiiitains,  Mary 


[Vol.  I:  p.  473.]      la.    Listera  reni- 

formis  Small.     Kidney-leaf  Twayblade. 

(Fig.  1128a.) 

L.  reiii/ormis  Small  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  24:  x\\.  1S97 
I'erennial,  deep  green.  Stems  erect,  4'-! 2' 
tall,  slender,  glabrous  below,  densely  glandular- 
pubescent  above;  leaves  2,  opposite,  about  the 
middle  of  the  stem,  rciiifonii,  or  ovu/r-rfiii- 
f'oriii,  5"-I4"  l>ro<i(/,  (ipimhil,-  or  shtirl-ociimi- 
iiiifi\  more  or  less  pubescent  beneath,  conio/c  or 
.■iuli.onlii/c  at  flu:  iuisf,  scssi/c ;  racemes  ;V''-4' 
long;  bracts  lanceolate  to  ovate-lanceolate, 
i}4"~2'/i"  long,  acute;  pedicels  2"-4'"  long,  less 
densely  pubescent  than  the  adjacent  stem,  or 
glabrate;  sepals  oblong  or  linear-oblong,  about 
i}i'.'  long,  reflexed;  corolla  greenish,  ///<■  /// 
-.it/ffi-f/Ki/rf/,  3"-3/4"  /i"'.i,''i  -ci'///  2  proiDliiiiil 
Icith  iicor  the  ix'sp.  shorf^ly  chft,  the  segments 
obtuse;  capsules  oval,  2"-2,'^'''  long. 
land,Viij{i"i'i<ind  Xorth  Carolina.    Spring  and  sutnnior. 


i:  p.  4S.5.]     4a 
Shag-bark, 

Ilicoria  Caroliiiafsrf'lcntrionalis  Ashe,  Notts 

on  HickoriLS.      I.'<y6. 

.\  small  tree  attaining  a  maximum  height 
of  about  So°,  and  diameter  of  2,'i°,  with 
gray  bark  hanging  in  long  loose  strips. 
Bud-scales  S-io,  imbricate,  the  inner  jj;rcally 
enlarging  in  leafing,  and  tardily  deciduous; 
terminal  bud  ovate-lanceolate,  truncate,  the 
scales  spreading,  Ixtrcly  ]'/  loiiff;  lateral 
buds  oblong;  t-.iL;-s  very  sl,ni/ii\  ^'s'  tlii'l'\ 
i;ituiioiis.  fiiiiuU/i.  /'in/^li<//-l>ro-:ii ;  statninate 
aments  in  threes, glabrous  on  short  pedinicles, 
at  base  of  shoots  of  the  season;  .-tiiij/,)/i  .;■/./- 
t'r«ii<;  i}:'(/rv  :;/ii/'riUfs ;  young  foli.age  black- 
ening in  dryitig,  glabrous,  ciliate,  with  few 
resinous  globules;  /iiij/c/s  35,  t/ir  2  iipf'i  r 
34'-!  W  -■''fi.Y-6'  /o//n:  /,nir,;>l,itr;  lower 
pair  often  smaller;  /)////  .<«A4'/f>A>>»c.  V'-'/*' 
lo/iir;  husk  soon  falling  into  4  pieces;  nut 
white  or  hro-vnis/i,  iiiiic/i  (■oiii/'rr<f,i/.  angled, 
corthitf  or  sii/xontiiti'  nt  A/,  thin-shelled; 
seed  large  and  sweet. 

Sandy  or  rocky  woods,  rarely  entering:  "  hot- 
tonis,"  Delaware  to  (Uorgia  and  Temiessee. 


Hicoria  Carolinae-septentrionalis  A.she. 
(Fig.  1154a.) 


Southern 


|.- 


512 


API'IvNDIX. 


[Vol.  I:  p.  486.]     6a.    Hicoria  villosa  (Sarg.)  Ashe. 
Wooll)- Pignut.     (Fig.  1156a.) 


[Vor,.  III. 
Scurfy  Hickory. 


If.  glabra  var.  7'illos(i  Sarg.  Sylva,  7:  167.      1S95. 
Ilicoiia  pallida  Ashe,   Notes  on    Hickories,     In 

part.  iS()(). 
//.  villosa  Ashe,  Hull.  Torr.  Club,  24:  11,  530.  1897. 
A  small  or  inediuni  sized  tree  reachinj,;  a  tnax- 
itnuui  height  of  about  80°,  anil  a  dianicte:  of  2°, 
with  deeply  furrowed  dark  gray  bark.  Buds 
of6-S  imbricated  scales,  the  outer  usuall)  thickly 
ilitititl  -:llli  rciiiiiuif  i;i<>/>iilif,  the  inner  some- 
what enlarginji  in  leafing;  terminal  bud  ovi.te, 
,'4  '  long,  Iti/ii  ill  liii(h  iiios/lv  s//(irl-s///'C(/:  stani- 
inatc  anients  pubescent,  and  i;l(ti/c/  and  scurf 
Kt-'cnil.  peduncled  in  3's  at  bascof  shoots  of  the 
season;  twigs  slender,  'o'  thick  or  less,  usually 
glabrous,  hrii;lit  f'lirf'ti-hriK.-ii :  petiole  pubes- 
cent; hdjhlf  5-9,  lit  Jhft  lliii  kl\-  cort-nd  hciieath 
-.nil  silviry  pflliitt-  i;liniih,  iiiixvil  -:itli  nsiiioiis 
iltohiihf.  generally  pubescent;  fruit  about  V 
long,  obovoid  or  subglobosc,  the  liiisl:  ,i,ttci/ 
-:it/i  iT.sii/oii.i  iiii'liiilts.  's'  thick  and  partly 
splitting;  nut  brown,  thick-shelled,  angled;  seed 
small,  but  sweet. 

I'oor  samly  or  rocky  soils,  Delaware  to  Georgia 
(according  to .\slie).  west  to  Missouri.     Wood  hard, 
strong,  dark  brown;  weight  per  cubic  foot  50  lbs. 
Hicoria  villosa  paUida  .\she. 
Jficpria  paltiiia  .\she,  Notes  on  Hickories.     In  part.      iSc/i. 

I.ess  pubescent;  fruit  ovoid,   flalleiicd  laterally ;  liii.'^k  lliin,  .^plilliiig  to  the  hase ;  nut  light 
brown,  not  aiigh'd.     Virginia  to  Georgia. 

[Vol.  1:  p.  487]  after  Hicoria  glabra  add  Hicoria  glabra  hirsuta  .Vslie,  Notes  on  Hickories.      i8i/>. 
Similar  to  type,  bnt  leaves  larger,  piihesieiil  bencalh,  Ihiniicr,  gencndly  destitute  of  resinous 
globules  on  the  lower  surface;  fruit  larger.     Virginia  to  Georsjia,  along  and  near  the  mountains. 


[Vol.  I:  p.  486.]     6b.    Hicoria  borealis  Ashe 

(Kig.  ii,s6b. ) 

Hicoria  /i(i;r(?//'.f  Ashe,  Notes  on  Hickories.       1S06. 

A  small  tree,  with  rough  furrowed  bark  when 
young,  becoming  shaggy  in  long  narrow  strips  with 
age.  Bud-scales  S-lo,  imbricated,  the  inner  btight- 
colored  and  sericeous,  enlarging  in  leafing  and 
tardily  deciduous;  terminal  bud  o-.-ntc-UniccoUitc, 
'/  long;   twigs  very  slender,   's'  thick,  glabrous. 


Northern  Hickory. 


in 


's  at 


I'rit^lit  liro-.iiis/i  ml ;  stamiuate  anieuts 
base  of  shoots  of  Fcason;  midillc  tol>c  of  stmniiKitc 
ciiIyx  iiiiicIi  proloiiiicil '.  yoinn''  loli,ii;c  lilncli  iiiiii,'' 
ill  ilryiiii^,  /'iihcscciil  -vlicii  yoiiiii;-.  becoming  smooth, 
ciliiitc.  r:itli  tc;:'  resinous  ^•'loliili  s  on  lo:.cr  siirltici- ; 
leaflets  5,  occasionally  3,  lanceolate,  the  upper  3+ '- 
1%'  wide,  2,\i'-b'  long;  lower  pair  often  smaller; 
fruit  ovoid,  mncli  Jlotti  iial.  '+ '  or  more  long;  husk 
very  thin,  rugose,  coriaceous,  usually  not  splitting; 
lint  ivliilc.  somewhat  angled;  slirll  tliin  aud  clastic  : 
seed  large,  sweet  and  edible. 

A  small  tree  of  dry  uplands,  growing  with  oaks  and 
Ificoria  microcarpa.  Southern  [ind  eastern  MicliJKan. 
east  to  licUe  Isle,  Detroit  river,  I'robably  alno  in 
southern  Ontario. 


12. 


1836. 


[Vol.  i:  p.  537.]     2a.    NESTRONIA  Raf.  New  Flora,  3: 
[Daruv.x  a.  CTray,  Am.  Journ.  Sci.  (II)  1;  .vSS.       1846.] 
A  low  glabrous  dioecious  shrub,  with  opposite  short-petiolcd,  oblong  to  ovate  entire  leaves. 
Staminate  flowers  small,  in  axillary  peduncled  umbels;  calyx  top-shaped,  4-5-clcft,  the  lobes 
spreading,  each  with  a  tuft  of  wool;  stamens  as  many  as  the  calyx-segments  and  opposite 
them;  disk  crenate.     Pistillate  flowers  solitary  in  the  axils,  short-pcduncled;  calyx  narrowly 
top-shaped,  4-lobed;  statuens4;  style  short,  4-lobed;  ovary  adnata  to  the  calyx.     I'ruit  aii 
oval  i-seedcd  drupe.     [From  the  Greek  name  of  Daphne.'] 
A  monotypic  genus  of  the  southeastern  fnited  States. 


[Vor,.  III. 
lickory. 

67.     1895. 
ickones.     In 

1,530.  1897. 
liiii);  a  tnax- 
nicte :  of  2°, 
jark.  Hulls 
lall)  thickly 
inner  sonic- 
bud  ovi.te, 
if'i'd;  stani- 
I  and  snir/' 
iliootsof  the 
ess,  usually 
tiole  pubes- 
iid  I'liiiitf/i 
itii  ii-siiioiis 
lit  about  l' 
liKfk-  J,'//,;/ 
and  partly 
mgled;  seed 

e  to  Georgia 
Wood  hard, 
foot  50  11)S. 


r ;  nut  light 

ies.      i8()6. 
;  of  resinous 
ountains. 


1836. 

11  lire  leaves, 
ft,  the  lobes 
ud  opposite 
yx  narrowly 
;.     Fruit  an 


Vol,.  III.] 


APPENDIX. 


513 


X.  Nestronia  umbellula  Raf. 
Nestronia.     (Fig.  1276a.) 

Xesliitnia  umhelltila  Kaf.  New  I'lora,  y.  13.  1.H36. 
Darbya  iimbellulala  A.  Ciniy,  Am.  Journ.  Sci.  ^\\. ) 

1:388.      18.(6. 

Shrub  i°-3°  high,  branching.  Leaves  thiu, 
I '-2'  long,  acute  or  obtuse  at  the  apex,  narrowed 
or  rounded  at  the  base,  pinnately  veined,  bright 
green  above,  petioles  i  "-3"  long;  peduncles  of 
the  stauiinate  3-9  flowereil  umbels  filiforni, 
nearly  or  quite  one-half  as  long  as  the  leaves, 
the  pedicels  about  1"  long,  eciualling  the  green 
calyx;  stamens  shorter  than  the  oblong-ovate 
calyx-segtnents;  pistillate  calyx  glaucescent, 
about  3"  long,  the  lobes  much  shorter  than  the 
tube;  drupe  about  Yz'  in  diameter. 

In  woods  and  along  streams,  Virginia  to  (korgia 
and  .Alabim.i      April   l\I;iy 


[Vol.  i:  p.  538.]     la.   Asarum  acu- 
minatum (Ashe)  Bickiiell.    Long-tipped 
Wild  Ginger.     (Fig.  1277a.) 

A.  Canadciisi'  vnr.'iiiuiiiina/itm  Ashe.     Oct.  1897. 

Similar  to.  I.  CiiHiit/c//sc  hut  more  pubescent, 
at  least  when  young.  Leaves  thin  and  mem- 
branous, reniform-cordate  and  acutely  short- 
pointed  or  broadly  reniform  and  blunt,  at  first 
densely  cinerous  tomentulose  on  the  lower  sur- 
face, less  so  when  old,  the  larger  veins  often 
densely  divaricate- pubescent,  giving  the  leaves 
beneath  a  coarsely  white- reticulated  appearance; 
i(i/y\-/(i/>is  miiili  loiigir  thitii  in  A.  Canadciisc 
iiiiif  iliillir  briK.iihli-f'iiyf'h.  caii<hi/c-(iciimina/i\ 
ill-  //iii^'i-Hii/,-,  till-  fhinlfi-  /i- nil  ilia /io)is  ii'dii-'rd- 
s/<nii(liiii;-,  iif/,11  //ixiiiuis,  5"-Io"  loiitr. 

Rich  woods,  Minnesota  and  Wisconsin  to  Iowa, 
Indiana  and  Dliio.     JIay-June. 


[Vol.  i:  p.  538.]      lb.    Asarum  reflexum  Hicknell 
Ginger.     (Fig.  1277b.) 

Asarum  lejlcxiiin   liicknell,  Hull.  Torr.  Club,  24: 

,S33-  pi-  y'7-    "Sgr- 

similar  to  A.  Ciiiuk/cusi',  more  loosely  pubes- 
cent,rootstocks  tnore  elongated, slender.  Leaves 
reniform,  broader  than  long,  the  basal  sinus  shal- 
low or  deep,  obtusely  pointed,  the  upper  surface 
commonly  nearly  glabrous,  the  petioles  often 
nearly  glabrous  in  age  ;  flowers  smaller  than 
those  of  A.  (\ni,i<l,iisi\  the  calyx-tube  white 
within; /(>/'i'.«  of  tin'  culys-limb  ruily  iif/ixcd,  pur- 
plish-brown, 4"-5"  long,  about  as  long  as  the 
tube,  tiiiiii<,nil(ir,  with  a  straight  obtuse  tip,  i"- 
2"  long. 

In   rich  woods,  along  streams  or  river  valleys, 
often  forming  large  patches,  Coiniecticut  and  south- 
eastern  New   York  to  Iowa,  North  Carolina,  Mis- 
souri and  Kansas.     April  May. 
Asarum  reflexum  ambiguum  Hickiiell,  Hull.  Torr. 
Club,  24;  ,SV5-      1897. 

Leaf-blades  short  and  very  broad,  with  a  wide, 
often  rectangular  sinus;  calyx-lobes  narrower  and 
longer,  6"-8"  long,  the  straight  tip  2" -.\"  long, 
sometimes  extending  back  to  the  base  of  the  <vary. 
Michigan,  Illinois  and  Miss-uri. 

33 


Short-lobed  Wild 


AI'I'l'XDlX 


1\<)|..  III. 


[Vnl.  2:  J).  II. J     iia.  Silene  conica  I, 
Striate,  or  Corn  Catchlly.     (  Fig.  1450a. ) 

Silfii)'  conica  I,.  Sp,  PI.  |i^.      1755 

\iiiiuiil,  caiiesceiU  or  pu!)eriileiit;  steins  solitary, 
(ir  several  tojiether,  erect,  rointuoiily  forked  above, 
(t'  -^.\'  liinli.  Leaves  linear-lanceolate,  acute,  sessile, 
I  !i'  lonK,  or  less,  about  ij^"  wi<le;  inflorescence 
cyinose;  flowers  1 -several;  pedicels  '4'  i'  long;  ((//i\ 
I'ytiii/.  ii'iiiii/ii/  i>r  /iiiii'ii/r  ill  tin  hn"  .  iIihmIy  iihoiil 
30  III  r-.til.  its  teeth  trianfjnlar-snliulatc;  f<,  liih  ;•.'». 
iilnonliiii  :  capsule  ol)lonj;-ovoid, distending  the  calyx 
and  nearly  equallin.t;  it. 

Clyde.  <  ihid.     .\dventivr  or  n;iturali/i(l  from  Kurope. 
June  July. 


[Vol.  2:  p.  60.]     3a.   Delphinium 

Nelsoni  Greene.     Nelson's  I.arkspm. 

(Fig.  i5f.4a.; 

I)flt>hiiiii(»i  Xehoiii  C'.rtHtic,  I'ittonia,  3:  <)-'.      l^l/l. 

Finely  puberulent,  at  least  above;  stem  slen- 
der, simple,  S'-Ij,°  high  I'litiii  ,1  ilii'lir  Hi  III/;  I  - 
litis  ritolf  near  the  surface  of  the  ground.  Leaves 
firm,  l/ic  lii-ccir  /'iiliili  ly  ili:iilril  into  liin  or  lohrs 
or  segments,  long-petioled,  the  petioles  sheath- 
ing the  stem,  the  upper  short-petic>le<l,  less  di- 
vided; flowers  in  the  upper  axils  and  forming  a 
loose  terminal  raceme,  blue,  slightly  villous, 
slcnder-pedicellcd;  lower  pedicels  i'  2'  long, 
longer  than  the  flowers;  sepals  oblong,  shorter 
than  the  slemler  spur;  /.•:.  .;/,/<// 2-.  A//.  :.//// 
II  tuft  ol  hoiis  ol'oiit  tin-  niiililli  :  folliil  ■<  i,  up- 
pressed-pubescent;  seeds  wing-angled  above 

Wyominjf,  western  Nibra-ka  ami  Colorado,     M.iy  Jinii-. 

[Vol.  2:  p.  117.]      10a.    MYAGRUM  I,.  Sp.  PI.  f>4o.      175:,. 
.\n  annual  glabrous  glaucous  branching  herb,  with  entire  or  undulate  oblong  to  lanceo- 
late leaves,  the  lower  petioled,  the  upper  sessile  and  deeply  auricled  at  the  base.     I'lowers 
small,  yellow,    in  elong.iting  racemes;  pedicels  short,  erect  ascending,   bractless.      Sepals 
nearly  erect.     Petals  short;  longer  stamens  .somewhat  connate  in  pairs.     Silicle  obcuncate 

to  spatnlate,  flattened,  indehiscent,  falsely  .vcellcd,  i- 
sccded,  tipped  by  the  short  style.  .Seed  pend\ilous; 
lotvlcdons  incumbent.      [Oreck,  a  fly-trap.  | 

A  moiiotypic  genus  of  soiitluTii  an<l  central  ICurope  and 
wi— lern  Asia. 


^i^^-^ 


Myagrum  perfoli^tum  L. 

(  Fig.  i69ija.) 


Myagrtim. 


Mviii^i  H»i  prifolialuni  I..  Sp.  IM.  'iio.      ly.s.v 

Lower  leaves  oblong,  narrowed  into  petioles;  upper 
loaves  2'-5'  long,  Ji'-l'  wide,  obtuse  or  .-jcutish  at  the 
apex,  the  basal  auricles  mostly  rounded;  racemes,  in 
fruit,  elongating  to  several  inches  in  length;  pedicels 
I  "-2"  long,  2-3  times  shorter  than  the  pods,  equalling 
oralittlc  longer  than  the  calyx;  longer  stamens  about 
c(|ualling  the  petals. 

Ill  waste  l)lacis  jibout  (Juibcc.  I'llRitive  or  advenlivt- 
froin  I'Mirope.     Sumimr, 


AI'l'I'NIUX 


Vol.  hit 

[Vol.  2:  \h  139. 1      la.  Camelina  micro- 

carpa  Amli/.     vSiiinll-fruitcd   I'";il.sc  llax. 

(FiK.  1753a.) 

Caiiicliiia  viiciiuai  f>a  Amliv,  ;  DC.  Sysl.  2:  sT-    i"^2i- 
Camrlimi  .■iyhrsli  is  Walli.  Silad,  Crit.  ;^\-.      \^22. 

Stem  pubescent,  at  least  below,  simple  or 
with  few  elongated  branches.  Leaves  lanceo- 
late, sessile,  aiiriiled,  or  the  lower  narrowed  at 
the  base;  fniiliiii;-  nuinii  ■<  nun  h  rloui^uli  il ,  often 
1°  long  or  more;  pedicels  relatively  somewhat 
shorter  than  those  of  ('.  -iiii-n  :  f'od  <ii,(illir, 
nilhir  m<ii-  jliiUiihil.  2"-3"  loll},',  stron};ly 
margined. 

Ill  wnsti-  plai-is.  KI1111U'  Island  to  \\\sl  \iteiiii,i. 
Id  dn>.  Hritisli  Coliiiiibia  and  Kansas.  Natiiralizi  d 
111  adviiitive  iKmi  ICiiropc      May  July. 


[Vol.  2:  p.  154.]  37a.  CONRINGIA  Link,  lumni.  2:  172.  1S22. 
.\n  erect  glabrous  annual  herb,  with  elliptic  or  ovate  entire  leaves,  sessile  and  cordate  at 
the  base,  and  middle  sized  yellowish  white  flowers  in  terminal  racemes.  .Sepals  and  petals 
narrow.  Style  2-lobcd  or  entire.  ,Sili(iucs  elongated-linear,  angled,  the  valves  firm,  1-3- 
nervcd.  .Seeds  in  1  row  in  each  cell,  oblong,  niargiiiless;  cotyledons  iiicnmbeut.  [lu  honor  of 
Hermann  Conriiig,  i6(i()   16S1,  Professor  at  IIeliiist;idt.] 

I.    Conringia    orient£klis    (L. )    Du- 

inort.    lIarL''s-ear,  Treacle  Mustard. 

(FiR.  1790a.) 

Iliassica  m  ir/i/o/is  I,  Sp.  PI.  (>6G.      I7.S.^ 
/■'.  />f;/(i//rt////;/ Craiit/,  .Stirp.  .Aust.  i    27.     17O2. 
Iliassica  pei foliala  Lam.  luicycl.  i:  ~\^.      17HV 
1:1  ysimion  01  uiitate  R.  Br.  IInil,  Kew.  ICd.  2,  4: 

117.      1S12. 
O'lii  iiif;i<i  pi'i  t'oliala  Link,  Ivnuiu.  2: 172.     1822. 
(".  01  ienlalis.  Duniorl.  I'l.  I!el(f.  12^.      1S27. 

.Stem  usually  erect,  simple,  or  somewhat 
branched,  i°-3"  high.  Leaves  light  green, 
obtuse  at  the  apex,  2'-,s'  long,  ','-2' wide, 
the  up])cr  smaller;  racemes  at  first  short, 
much  elongating  in  fruit;  pedicels  slender, 
ascending,  .i"-S'' long;  petals  about  'i'long; 
nearly  twice  as  long  as  the  sepals;  pods  3'-5' 
long,  about  \"  wide,  .(-angled,  spreading. 

In  waste  i)laces,  Michigan  and  MiiiiK-.sota  to 
llie  N'ortliwest  Territory,  and  on  the  Atlantic 
Coast  froiii  Nvw  lirunswick  to  Pennsylvania. 
Recently  becotne  a  bad  weed  in  the  Northwest. 


[\'ol.  2:  p.  216. J 
mila  Poir. 


23a.   Potentilla  pu- 
Dwarf  Five-finger. 
(Fig.  1 935-1  •) 

p.  pumiUi  I'oir.  in  Lam.  ICnc.  Metli.  5:  ,S'.U.  }'^A- 
/'olciililla  Canadensis  var.  puiiiila  T.  &  t"..  Fl.  N. 

A.  i;  1(3.      1S40. 

Low  perennial  herb,  seldom  more  than  a  few 
inches  high;  flowering  stems  at  first  very  short 
and  upright;  later  in  the  .season  producing  «.»/. 
•-liiKlir  pios/iii/,  niiiiiiis:  -..holi-  f<laiit  ,1,  lively 
silky  sti-ii;i>s,  :  basal  leaves  digitately  5  foliolate, 
on  slcn<ler  petioles;  stem-leaves  few  and  often 
only3-foliolate;  leaflets  obovate,  sharply  serrate, 


5i6 


.Vri'KNDIX. 


[Vol,.  III. 


usually  less  than  i'  long;  stipules  suiali,  Iniu-eolatc;  llowcrs  few,  on  slender  i-llo\vereil  axil- 
lary peduncles,  //«•//;•«/  miKil/y  li  inn  tin-  it\il nl  lli<- jhsl itiiii-hiif,  yellow,  .^"-J"  broad;  petals 
broadly  obovate,  slightly  exceeding  the  narrowly  lanceolate,  sul)-e(inal  sepals  and  bractlets; 
stamens  about  20;  style  terminal,  tilifonn. 

In  poor  soil,  New  ICngland  to  I'ennsylvaniii.  Clostly  related  to  /'  Canadnnis.  but  dilTeriiiK  in 
its  smaller  size,  denser  and  perfeelly  appressed  piibescenee,  earlier  blooming,  and  the  laek  of  the 
long  adsurgent  stems  cliaractcristic  of  that  speeies. 


m 

t*  ■  ■ 
74  ■• 


[Vol.  2:  p.  218.]     la.    Waldsteinia  parvi- 

fldra  Small.     J-'JUthern  Dry  Strawberry. 

(Fig.  I939n.) 

U'aldslehiia  pam'Jloni  Small.   Hull.  T.irr.  Club,  2$:  n7- 

Perennial  by  liori/.ontal  rootstocks,  villous-hirsute, 
or  glabrous  in  age.  Leaves  basal,  5'-i2'  high;  peti- 
oles much  longer  than  the  blades,  usually  less  den.sely 
pubescent  than  the  scapes;  leaflets  cuneate-obovate  or 
broadly  rhomboidal,  i^i'-V  long,  coarsely  and  irregu- 
larly crenatc  or  lobed;  scapes  erect,  solitary  or  sev- 
eral together,  commonly  shorter  than  the  leaves,  cor- 
ymbose at  top;  calyx  usually  hairy,  //ic  tiilu-  htoiully 
liiihiiiiili-.  \%"-\]'i"  hi}ii:.\.\\c  segments  triangular- 
lanceolate,  or  lanceolate-acuminate,  often  shorter  than 
the  tube;  fctah  liiiciir-o/'i'ons^  or  imno-.vly  i7/////i . 
^hoitii-  Ihiin  the  calw-^ijrmi  iits  or  hnnly  !oiii;ir : 
iiJiciii-f  ohovoid.  \)i"  long. 

In  woods  and  shaded  soil,  soiitluvestern  Virginia  to 
North  Carolina,  Tetniessee  and  Cii-ornia.  .\seends  to  2100 
feet  in  \'irginia.     Mareh-May. 


[Vol.  2:  p.  256.]     3a.    PROSOPIS  L.  Maiit.  i:  10.       1767. 

Trees  or  shrubs  often  with  spines  in  the  axils,  with  2-pinnatc  leaves,  the  pinnules  fewer  nu- 
merous, and  small  spicate  or  capitate  perfect  flowers.  Calyx  campanulate,  with  5  short  teeth. 
Petals  5,  valvate,  distinct,  or  connate  below.  Stamens  10,  distinct;  filaments  long.  Ovary 
often  stalked,  many-ovuled;  style  slender  or  filiform;  stigma  very  small.  I'od  linear,  straight 
or  curved,  compressed,  leathery,  iiidehiseent,  the  mesocarp  spongy  or  dry.  vSeeds  flattened. 
f.\ncient  name  for  some  very  dilferent  plant.] 

About  15  species,  natives  of  warm  and  tropical  regions.     Besides  the  followiiiK.  2  01  ^  others 
oi-eur  in  the  soiitlnvestern  I'nited  .States. 


I.    Prosopis  glandulosa  Torr.     Prairie  Mcscpiitc.     ( I'ig.  2032a) 

Prosopis  glaiidiilosa  Torr.  Ann.   I,yc.  N.  V.  2:  ii)2. 
pi.  .'.      1828. 

.■\  glabrous  or  minutely  pubescent  shrub,  the 
axils  usually  with  a  pair  of  sharp  spines.  Leaves 
petioled,  with  2  spreading  short-stalked  pinnae, 
each  of  numerous  sessile  pinnules;  pinnules  lin- 
ear or  linear-oblong,  entire,  acute  or  obtuse, 
mostly  tnucronulate,  firm,  veiny,  ^'-2'  long, 
\"-2"  wide;  spikes  or  spike-like  racemes  axil- 
lary, often  numerous,  peduncled,  very  densely 
many-flowered,  2'-^'  long,  nearly  yi'  thick;  pedi- 
cels yi"-!"  long;  calyx  campanulate;  petals  2-4 
times  as  long  as  the  calyx;  ovary  villous;  pods 
linear,  stipitate,  4'-8'  long,  4'''-6"  wide,  con- 
stricted between  the  seeds. 

Kansas  to  Texas,  Arizona  and  Mexico.  Appa- 
rently distinct  from  the  West  Indian  P.  jxiUflora. 
April-June. 


Vol,.  III.l 


AI'IMvXDIX. 


517 


[\'ol.  2:  p.  288.)     4a.    Parosela  nana 

(Torr.)  Heller.     Low  Parosela. 

(Imr.  2107a.') 

Ihilea  iiaiiii  Torr.;  A.  tlray,  Mini.  Am.  Acad.  4:31. 

1849. 
Parosela  nana  Heller,  Coiitr.  I'raiikl.  &  Marsli.  Coll. 

1:49.      '''94- 

Suffrutesi-ent,  erect,  silky-villous  throughout. 
Stems  several  from  tlie  same  root,  branched,  3'-io' 
higli;  leaflets  3-5,  rarely  4"-5"  long,  obovate  to 
linear-oblong,  obtuse  or  mucronulate,  narrowed 
at  the  base,  rarely  glabrate  above,  and  usually 
minutely  glandular  beneath;  petioles  as  long  as 
the  leaflets;  spikes  ol'lom,'-  o-.oii/,  5"-io"  lorn,'-, 
short-pcduncled;  bracts  ovate,  mucroiiate  or  aris- 
tate,  caducous;  unolln  \i-llo-..\  ^inmix./inf  li>iii;,r 
tliiiii  till-  sr/,inu>ii.i  mis/d/i-  iiHit  f<liiinofc  mlyx-liitli ; 
Standard  shorter  than  the  wings  and  keel. 

Satul  hills  ami  praiiies,  Coinaiiclu'  Co.,  Kansas  lo 
Texas  and  California. 


[Vol.  2:  J).  21)4.]     la.    Kraunhia  macro- 

stachys  (T.  tS:  G.)  Small.     Long-clustered 

Wi.staria.     (Fig.  2120a.) 

H'hlaiia  fiulesceus  var.  macii'slachvs  T.  X:  ('■.  1""1.  N.  .\ 

1:283.      '8vS. 
U'is/aiia  niacioslacliYS  Nutt.;  T.  iS:  ('..   l''l.  X.  A.  i:   2^^. 

.\s  synonym.      iS^S. 
K.  matros/ai/iys  .Siiialt,  Hull.  Torr.  Cliib.  25:  i,u.      1^9*^ 

A  vine,  sometimes  2o°-25°  long.  Stem  becoming 
iV'tliitk.  branching;  leaves  4'-S'  long;  leaflets  usu- 
ally 9,  orv/A'  A<  ,//////i-/,i/ii-,ii/,i/r,  r-2'4'  long,  acumi- 
nate, or  acute,  rounded  or  cordate  at  the  base;  racemes 
.S'-i2'  long,  loosely-flowered,  drooping;  rachis  and 
pedicels  densely  hirsute  and  glandular;  calyx  pubes- 
cent like  the  pedicels,  the  tube  campanulate,  the  srg- 
nients  lanceolate,  la/iriil  ouis  tihou/  nf  li^m;  ii^  //if  liihi\ 
lo-:,-i-  one  /oHift-r ;  corolla  lilac-purple  or  light  blue; 
standard  with  blade  7"  broad,  decurrent  on  the  claw; 
pods  2'-.\'  long,  constricted  between  the  black  lustrous 
seeds, 
swamps,  Ttiuiissie  lo  Missouri  and  .Arkansas,     Sprinjf. 

[Vol.  2:  p.  312.]     la.    Stylosanthes  riparia 
Kearney.    Decumbent  Pencil- flower.    (Fig.  2168a.) 

Slyloxantlies  1  if>a>  ia  Kearney,  Dull.  Torr.  Club,  24:  56,5.      18117. 

S/ims  <fri-iim/)i/if,  nr  asK  /it/i/n;;  3'-l2'  long,  usually  with  a 
tomentose  line  on  the  elongated  internodes.  Stipules  sheath- 
ing, subulate  above;  petioles  pubescent;  huijhh  clll/'lic  lo 
u/<o-<itc-tiiiiv<i/e,  the  terminal  one  5"-9"  long,  the  lateral  ones 
somewhat  smaller;  spikes  terminal,  about  6-flowered,  with 
only  I  or  2  perfect  flowers;  calyx-tube  conspicuously  veined, 
about  2"  long;  vexillum  proportionately  longer  than  in  .v. 
hifiont ;  Jtoiiil  liritc/s  ( piophvlhi)-  uiu<il/y  dci'piy  cleft  to  tin 
iiiiilifli',  or  hoyoinl  ( entire  in  .S".  hijloKi'),  2-nerved;  upper  seg- 
ment of  the  pod  nearly  twice  as  broad  as  in  .S'.  hi/torn. 

In  dry  woods,  Virffinia  and  Wist  Virginia  to  Alabama  and 
Tennessee.     May  Aug. 

[Vol.  2;  p.  361.]     la.    ANDRACHNE  L.  Sp.  PI.  1014.     1753. 
Herbs,  or  shrubby  plants,  with  difl"usely  branching  stems.    Leaves  alternate,  petioled,  the 
blades  often  membranous.     I'lowers  monoecious,  axillary,  pedicelled,  the  staminate  often 
clustered,  with  a  5-6-lobed  calyx,  5  or  6  petals,  a  glandular  or  lobcd  disk,  5  or  6  stamens  and  dis- 


5iS 


Al'l'HNniV. 


[Vol,  tn. 


tiiifl  tilaiiiciits;    pistillate  (lowers  solitary,   willi  a  5  b-loboil  lalvx,  tiiitiutf  ])i'laU  or  tlit-si' 
waiitiiif;;  ovary  .vi^ellcd;   styles  stout,  2-rleft  or  apiirtcd;  ovules  2  in  each  I'avity.     Capsules 
dry,  separating  into  3  2-valve(l  cirpcls.    Sce<!  soinewliat  curved,  rugose;   endos|)crtn  llcsliy; 
embryo  curved.     [iTom  the  (ireek  for  I'ortulaca  ) 
About  iiis])ccies,  of  wide  niijt;r,i|)liir  tlistribulioii 

I.    Andrachne  phyllanthoides  ( Nutt.)  Miill.  Ar^.     Northcni  Aiulraclme. 

(I'ijj;.  2289:1.) 

/.(■/>/(/(j /;////(!    (>liylliiiillii>iiles    Null.     Trans.    .\in. 

I'hilos.  .Si)C.  S;  I7,>      1*^17- 
Aniiiaihiif    pTiylliiii/hniilfs    Midi.    .\r>f.    in     DC. 

I'liidr.  15;  I  vs.     As  synonym.     |S()2. 

A  straRKli'iK  'uui'b  branched  shrub,  i"-.^"  tall, 
with  glal)rous  lustrous  liranclies  and  minutely 
pubescent  twigs.  Leaves  numerous,  the  blades 
obovate  or  oval,  ["-y"  long,  rctu.se  or  obtuse 
at  the  apex,  often  niucronulate,  bright  green, 
paler  l)cncalh  than  above,  short-petioled;  pedi- 
cels fdiforin,  ,^"-10"  long,  glabrous;  calyx-seg- 
ments oblong-obovate,'/"' J  J"  long,spreading; 
petals  of  two  kinds,  those  of  the  staminate  flow- 
ers narrowly  obovate,  or  oblong-obovalc,  3-5- 
toothed,  greenish-yellow,  tliose  of  the  pistillate 
(lowers  smaller,  broadly  obovate,  entire;  capsule 
subglobose,  rather  fleshy  until  mature. 

On  rocky  barrens,  Missouri  to  Arkansas  and 
Texas.     Sninniir. 


[Vol.  2:  p.  363.]     3a.  Croton  Lindheimeri- 

anus  Schcele.     Liiulheinier's  Croton. 

(Fig.  22(;2a. ) 

Cruloii  l.i ndliei nieiia II IIS irivhvi^V- ,  I.imuua,  25:,>Si>.      iS:i2. 

Somewhat  shrubby,  whitish-tomentose.  Stems 
erect,  4'- 15'  tall,  sometimes  diffusely  branched;  leaves 
rather  numerous,  the  blades  ovate  to  oblong-ovate, 
Yi'-2'  long,  obtuse  or  acutish,  green  ijbovc,  undulate; 
petioles  almost  Yt  as  long  as  the  blades  or  shorter; 
pedicels  I "-3"  long,  recurving;  calyx  slightly  iiccrcs- 
cent,  its  segments  oblong  or  elliptic-oblong,  becoming 
2"  long,  slightly  keeled  in  age;  petals  pubescent; 
capsules  oval,  3"-3.J^'"  'Ug,  3-cellcd,  tomentose, 
truncate-obtuse  at  both  e.  .  ,  drooping;  seeds  oblong- 
elliptic,  nearly  2"  long. 

In  dry  soil,  Kansas  to  Texas  and  New  Me.\ico.     .Suniimr. 

[\'ol.  2:  p.  373.]     8a.   Euphorbia  hirsuta 

(Torr. )  Wiegand.     Hairy  Spurge. 

(Fig.  2314a.) 

/C./iy/>fi  tii/D/iaviir./iirsu/(iTotr.l'\.N.ii  Mid. St. 3,51.    1826. 
/■'.iiplioi hill  liirsiilii  WicKand,  Hot.  C.az.  24:  51.      1SQ7. 
Eufilioihia  Ra/uiesi/iii  (ireene,  I'ittonia,  3:  S07.      1897. 

Annual,  mm-t-  or  /.■.<>■  Iiiifiilr.  Stems  branched  at  the 
base,  the  branches  prostrate  or  decumbent,  2'-io'  long, 
dichotomous,  zig/ag;  leaves  ovate  oblong,  4'''-.S" 
long,  acutish,  serrulate  nearly  to  the  oblicjue  base,  pale 
beneath;  petioles  about  %"  long;  stipules  lacerate; 
peduncles  surpassing  the  petioles;  involucres  funnel- 
form,  Yi"  high,  glabrous,  luaiing  4  stulkcil  siiiuii- 
</i(i/<i(l  diiik-biif.vii  irhniJf,  nil /t  fii/i/i  Htiiil  hy  -vhilc 
I  niiiitr  ii/'/'fiiildi^cs ;  capsule  about  \"  in  diameter, 
broader  than  long,  glabrous,  refuse  at  the  apex,  its 
angles  obtuse;  seed  slightly  more  than  %"  long,  4- 
angled,  black  with  a  white  coating,  its  faces  even  or 
slightly  wrinkled. 

In  sandy  or  gravelly  soil.  Quebec  and  Ontario  to  Con- 
necticut, New  York  and  Pennsylvania.    June-Sept. 


til. 


Vur..  III.] 


AriM'.NDIX 

Ait. 


5"9 


j5\, 


I 
2 


[Vol.  2:  p.  391.)     4a.    Ilex   lucida 
T.  li  G.     Shiniiijj  Inkhcrry. 
(l-'iX.    2359a.) 

/'i  iiios  /IK  iifiii  .\\t.  Ilciit.  Ki«.  I    17H.       i7,Sy. 

I'l  iiios  itii  iuifiis  I'lirsli,  l'"l.  Am    Sept.  221.      iHi  (. 

l/f\  III!  iaifii  Cliii|>m.  l'"l.  S.  .St.Tli's,  270,      i86(i 

flf\  /ii(i,/(i  T.  iS:  ('..:  .S,  Wats.  Ilibl,  Iiiik-x,  I:  150      >^7^ 

A  i;liihriiiiy  shrill),  15°  liighorless.  Leaves  thick, 
everHrfen,  o-.c/  to  oho-iiti-  m-  ,ihhiiii:^,  acute  at  holh 
ends,  entire,  or  with  a  few  small  sharp  teeth,  i'-,^' 
long,  (lark  green  and  sliining  above,  paler  am 
dotted  beneath,  short-pctioled,  somewhat  viscid 
when  young;  flowers  clustered  in  the  axils,  or  the 
staniinate  solitary,  the  cymes  sessile;  pedicels 
bractless,  short;  calyx-segments  69;  (//•«/«  hliuk\ 
3"-4"  ill  (li.iiiii /,r  :  nutlets  flat,  smooth. 

Dismal  .Swam)),  V'ifKiiii.i,  In  I'lnrida  .itul  I,ouisiaii:i. 
Ajiril   Miiy 


Kansas  to  Ti'xas,  Coloradn,  .Aiiz-oii 


I  \'()1.  2:  p.  423. 1  'a.  Sphaeralcea  cus 
pidata  (.\.  Gray.)  Hrilton.  Sharp- 
fruited  Globe-Mallow.     (Hig.  2431a. ) 

.S7i/(j  slillalii  Torr.  .\ini.  I,yr    N.  V.  2:  171.      1S27. 

Not  Cav.  lHi)2. 
Sflidi-'atfra  sh-llala  T.  >S:  I"..  I'l.  N.  A.  1:  22S       1838. 
S f> /i  11  !•  1 11/ 1 ra  (iiii;ii.s/i/'ii/ia  var.  iiis/>i(/ii/a  A.  (iray, 

I'roc.  Am.  Acad.  22:  2c).v      1SS7. 

Perennial,  </iiisi/v  .•i/il/d/i-iniirMiii/ ;  stems 
rather  stout,  simple,  or  somewhat  branched, 
leafy,  1°  4°  high.  !  ,1  ,i-i<  hnncolii  li- ,  limn  i-lmi- 
,r,i/ii/,.  Ill-  (i/>/,iiiL;-/iiiiitiiliili .  obtuse,  or  acutish, 
(irui,  creiiulatc,  the  lower  with  petioles  as  long 
as  the  blade,  tlie  others  short-pctioled,  the 
larger  .:'  4'  long,  \'  -\'  wide,  sometimes  has- 
tately  lohcd  toward  the  base;  /At:  ./•>  mt.  6"- 
Ki"  hiiuiiK  clustered  in  the  axils,  short-pcdi- 
celled;  carpels  1-3-seeded,  m^f'iiliih-.  the  tip 
often  deciduous,  -..■iiiihh<l  kh  llir  m'i/is.  stellate- 
caucscent,  or  glahralc. 
1 .111(1  Mexico.      April-.\ufr. 


Vol. 


2:  ]).  447. 1     4a.  Viola  domestica 
Bicknell.     Yard  Viokt. 
(Fig.   24S7a.) 

(ilabrous;  fleshy,  acaiilcsccnt,  similar  to  C. 

ii/'/i'i/iiii.      Rootslock  short,  or  often  elongated 

and  stout;  flowering  scapes  iisiml/y  uhlii/iii  /y  as- 

,ri/</iiiir;  f'lt.-olis  s/oiif,  1-3  times  as  long  as  the 

blades;    blade  broadly  reniforni,  often  only  a 

little  cordate  or  contracted  at  the  base,  cucul- 

late  in   unfolding,  irregularly  crcnate-dentate 

orcrenulate  nearly  all  around,  mostly  wrinkled 

and  wavy,  often  4'-5'  wide,  somcwliat  decur- 

rent  on  the  petiole;  petals  daik  blue,  the  lower 

and  lateral  ones  bearded;       'nnclesof  clcistog- 

amous  flowers    iisinil/y  iiiiuiii-oii:i.   Iimi- 

ziiiifdl,  mostly  subterranean,  ■■i-iy  s/oii/,  often 

thickened  toward  the  end,  bearing  pods  about 

4"  long. 

Apparently  always  in  cultivated  soil,  especially 
about  buildiiiKS.  southern  New  York,  New  Jersey 
and  IVnnsylvania.     .\pril  May. 


52>» 


APPENDIX. 


tVot.  III. 


[Vol.  a:  p.  447.]     4b.    Viola  cucullikta 
Ait.'     Marsh  Hliie  Violet.     (Fig.  2487b.) 

I 'laid  lUcullala  Ail.  Il(irt.  Ktu.  ?:  2i8.      1789. 

Cilabroiis  or  rarely  ..,  singly  piil)esceiit,  noaiiles- 
ceut;  rootstoc'k  usuiilly  short.  I.eaves  tliin,  lii;/if 
j,'/i(//,  broadly  ovate  to  reniforin  in  outline,  irrcj^u- 
larly  ami  not  deeply  crenate-dentate,  usually  cor- 
date,cucnllate  in  unfolding;  blade  mostly  less  than 
onehair  as  long  as  the  petioles;  flowering  scapes 
elongated,  usually  equalling  or  e.\ceeding  the 
leaves;  /i /i;.'>7/V////i/"<  (sometimes  white);  /tiimi- 
•  /is  ti/  I  /i-i\/(i^(iiii(>iis  /A.;  r;\  s/viic/i-r,  11 11  /,  often  its 
/miff  (IS  ///(■ /i //(//i .«,  ()/■  /iiiiffir. 

In  marshes  and  wet  woihIs.  Common  In  the  Ka.st 
irn  and  MiiUllc  Rtatts.     .April-Jutic. 


[Vol.  2:  p.  448.]     7a,  Viola  emargi- 

nkta  (Nittt. )  Le  Conte.     Triangle-leaved 

Violet.     (Kig.  2490a.) 

Viola  saiiillala  var.  cman;ina/a  Nutt.  Gin.  i:  147. 

1818. 
I'io/ii  rma>xiiia/(i  I.e  Cimte,  Ann.  I.\c.  N.  Y.  2: 1.(2. 

1828. 

(llti/uoin  or  :•( V  r  iicnr/y  xi,  often  growing  in 
large  clumps,  siniii/iii/.  acaule.scent.  Koot 
stocks  stout;  petioles  mostly  much  longer  than 
the  blades;  /i/ik/is  ti  iiuiffu/ni-.  or  o-it/i-tr!iiiii;ii- 
/or  ill  oii//iiii\  from  merely  dentate  to  deeply 
cleft,  then  simulating  forms  of  I',  f'o/iiuito ; 
flowering  scapes  about  as  long  as  the  leaves; 
flowers  blue,  the  petals  often  emarginate;  foils 

of  t  lilsloiiiinioiis  Jlor.u  IS  011  s/iiulir  iir,/f;iliiii. 
c/rs. 
Ill  fi'lds  atul  on  hillsides,  soullierii  N\w  York  to  ViiKini:i. 

f 

i^a^wem  /n  ft  ,        l^'"'-  3:  p-  '2.] 


.\pril  May. 

3ia.  Asclepias  galioides 


H.B.K.     Beclstraw  Milkweed.     (Fig.  2920a. ) 

Asc/epias  ,i;a/ioi,ies  H.B.K.  Nov.  Gen.  3:  188.      i8r8. 

GlaI:rous,  except  the  minutely  pubescent  stems  and 
pedicels.  Stctns  erect,  1°  high  or  more,  from  a  horizon- 
tal rootstock;  leaves  erect  or  spreading,  in  whorls  of  2-6, 
«(?;■/<.  .•:7i'  /iiiiiir.  2'-^'  /oii<:^,//ic  iiuirffi'iis  rivo/iitr ;  pedun- 
cles longer  than  the  pedicels  and  shorter  than  the  leaves; 
umbels  9"-i3"  in  diameter;  flowers  greenish-white;  co- 
rolla-segments 2"  long;  hoods  as  high  as  the  authcis, 
l>roadly  rouuded  at  the  summit,  dorsally  hastate-sagittate, 
the  ventral  margins  slightly  involute,  entire;  horn  arhim; 
from  /hi'  /uisr  of  tin-  liooit.  /onir-c\si'rfrti  ovrr  the  mit/icrs  ; 
anther-wings  minutely  notched  at  the  base;  follicles 
erect  on  erect  fruiting  pedicels,  attenuated,  2'-2}^'  long, 
glabrous  or  minutely  puberulent. 

Kansas  to  Colorado,  Arizona  and  Mexico.     May-July. 


Vol..  III.] 


Arri'NDix. 


521 


[Vol.  3:  p.  gS.]      la.  Stachys  Germanica 

L.     l>o\viiy  Woiiiidwort.     Muii.se-car. 

(FiR.  3122a.) 


Slac/iy 


' Ditiiiitii  I,.  S]),  ri.  ,sSi. 


"  75,1. 


.Viimi.il ;  ^Iciii  erect, simple.or  soiiicw  lull  l)r;ilii'lie(i,  J  ' 


l°-3"  lli);ll,  (/,ii<i/y  ■  I'llitiit.  /.'iirrs  o-.'iil.  (>r'./A'  or 
Idmcihii/, ,  I  ifii(ifi-<lin/iiti\  ri/fniK,  the  loxvi'f  roiitiil- 
rd  or  sii/'ii>ri>ii/i'  11/  //ir /'ii<i',  l(mK-])eti(ilc(l,  iiuislly 
obtuse  at  the  apex,  the  iippi-r  short  jictiokd  or  ses- 
sile, narrowed  at  both  ends;  clusters  of  llowcrs  dense, 
borne  in  nioit  of  tlie  axils;  bracts  lanceolate,  half 
as  loliK  -IS  the  calyx;  calyx-teeth  ovate,  acuminate, 
awned;  corolla  purple,  its  tube  about  as  lonj,'  as  the 
calvx. 


Roail-iiilru  ni-.H    Ciiu'lpli,  Oiiliirii 
llurupi  ,     liilv-Sfpt. 


.XtlvcMlivc  rnmi 


[\'ol.  3:  p.  411.]     7a.    Parthenium 
auricul^tum  Hritton.     Auricled 

Parthenium.     (Fig.  3875a. ) 

Koolstock  ini  oviil  I'rcct  tuber  twice  as  long 
as  thick;  firm  ■;il!oiis-/'iihrsri-ii/,  I^i^-J'i"  high. 
Leaves  rou^h  above,  villous,  especially  on  the 
veins  beneath,  oval,  ovate  or  oblong,  irregularly 
/  ^  creuatc-dentate,  some  or  all  of  them  laciniate 
or  pinnatifid  at  the  base,  the  basal  and  lower 
slender-iiefioled  with  petiole  as  long  as  the 
blade,  or  longer,  ///<•  w//(V  -vi'/fi  a  fr^si'/r  closp- 
r'liff  oiiricleil  /m^c,  or  with  margined  clasping 
petioles;  inflorescence  densely  corymbose,  its 
branches  villous-toinentose;  bracts  of  the  invo- 
lucre densely  canescent. 

Near  Clarksville,  Va.  i  \V.  \V.  Aslic,  No.  2400), 
.Mleghany  Mountains  (H.  H.  Katon,  1831 ). 


SUMM.VRV. 

Families.        Genera.  Species. 

I'Ti'KiDciriivr.v II  30  115 

Spi;RM.\Tf>rHYTA 

Gynmospermae 2  10  27 

Angiospennae 

.Vonocolyledones 2S  217  1058 

J'>icotyl''doncs 

Choripetalae 92  4''^  1601 

Ganiopetalae 44  37'^  1361 

TnTAi 177  ii<\3  4162 

I'IC.URK.S I-4081 

"        Appendix 81 

Total 4162 


Glossary  of  Special  Terms. 


iKi 


Acaulescenl.  Willi  stem  subterranean,  or  nearly 
so. 

Acciinihenl.  Cotyledons  with  margins  folded 
against  the  hypi  c  ityl. 

Ailiene.  A  dry  one-seeded  indehiscent  fruit  with 
the  pericarp  tightly  fitting  around  the  seed. 

Acicular.     Needle-shaped. 

Acuminale.    Gradually  tapering  to  the  apex. 

Acule.     Sliarp  pointed. 

Adnale.  An  organ  adhering  to  a  contiguous  dif- 
fering one;  an  anther  attached  longitudinally 
to  the  end  of  the  filament. 

Advenlive.  Not  irdigenous,  but  apparently  be- 
coming naturalized. 

Albunttn.     See  l-Uidi^sperm. 

Alliaceous.      Onion-like,  in  aspect  or  odor. 

Alternate.  Not  opposite;  with  a  single  leaf  at 
each  node. 

Alveolate.     Like  honeyeomb;  closely  i)itted. 

Anient.  A  spike  of  impeifect  flowers  subtended 
by  ncarious  bracts,  as  in  the  willows. 

Amfiliittiotis.    At  times  inhabiting  the  water. 

Amf>hitiof>ous.  Term  applied  to  tlie  i)artly 
inverted  ovule. 

A  mfiteviiaul.     Clasping  the  stem,  or  other  axis. 

A>iaslomosinf^.  Connecting  so  as  to  form  awell- 
detined  network. 

Aniitio/>oiis.  .\pplied  to  an  inverted  ovule  with 
tlie  micropyle  very  near  the  hilum. 

Androi^ynoiis.  Klower  clusters  having  .stamin 
ate  and  pistillate  flowers. 

An)^io.s^ernii>ii.s.  I'ertaining  to  the  .Vngio- 
spennae;  bearing  seeds  within  a  pericarp. 

A  nt/ier.  The  part  of  the  stamen  which  contains 
the  pollen. 

Antliertd.  The  male  organ  of  reproduction  in 
Pteridophyta  and  liryophyta. 

Anlhesi.t.     Period  of  flowering. 

Apetali'iis.     Without  a  corolla. 

Apical.     At  the  top,  or  referring  to  the  top. 

Apiciilale.     With  a  minute  pointed  tip. 

Apptessed.     Lying  against  another  organ. 

Ai hoiescent.    Tree  like,  in  size  or  shape. 

Arclienonr.  The  female  reproductiv<-  organ  in 
Pteridophyta  and  liryophyta. 

Areolate.     Reticulated. 

Airnlatioii.  The  system  of  meshe  ;  in  a  net- 
work of  veins. 

Areole.     A  mesh  in  a  network  of  veit.s. 

Aril.     A  fleshy  organ  growing  about  tre  hilum. 

Aritlate.     Provided  witli  an  aril. 

Aristate.     Tipped  by  an  awn  or  bristle. 

Aristulate.     Diminutive  of  aristale. 

Ascendiui^.  Growing  obliciuely  ui)ward,  o'  up- 
curved. 

A.^exual.     Without  sex. 

Assiirgent.    See  Ascendini^. 

Auricled.  ( .4uriciilate)w'\i\\  basal  ear-like  lobes. 

Aun.     A  slender  bristle-like  organ. 

Axil.  The  point  on  a  stem  immediately  above 
the  base  of  a  leaf. 

Avile.     In  the  axis  of  an  organ. 

Axillary.     Borne  at,  or  pertaining  to  an  axiL 

Jiaccate.     Berry-like. 

liarhellale.     Kurnished  with  minute  barbs. 

Basifixed.     Attached  by  the  base. 

Berry.     A  fruit  with  pericarp  wholly  pulpy. 

liilabiale.     With  two  lips. 

IHpinnate.    Twice  pinnate. 

Pipinnatifid.    Twice  pinuatifid. 

Blade.     The  flat  expanded  part  of  a  leaf. 

Brad.  A  leaf,  usually  small,  subtending  a 
flower  or  flower-cluster,  or  a  sporange. 

Bracleate.    With  bracts. 

Bracleolale.    Maving  bractlcts. 

Bractlel.  A  secondary  bract,  borne  on  a  pedicel, 
or  immediately  beneath  a  flower;  oometimes 
applied  to  minute  bracts. 


Bulb.     A  bud  with  fleshy  scales,  usually  subter- 
ranean. 
Hull^tet.     S.  sm.ill  bulb,  especially  those  borne 

on  leaves,  i>r  in  their  axils. 
Buli.nis.     Similar  to  a  bulb;  bearing  bulbs, 
CadiiCous.     Falling  away  very  soon  after  devel- 

opu'ent. 
Cacspitoae.     Growing  in  tufts. 
Callosity.     A  small,  hard  protuberance. 
Callus.     An  extension  of  the  inner  scale  of  a 

grass  spikelct;  a  protuberence. 
Caly  f.    The  outer  of  two  scries  of  floral  leaves. 
Campanutatc.     Kell -shaped. 
Caiiipylotropous.    Term  applied  to  the  curved 

ovule. 
Cancellate.  Reticulated, with  the  meslus  sunken. 
Canescnit.     Withgray  or  hoary  fine  pubescence. 
Canaliculate.         Channelled;       longituilinally 

grooved. 
Capitate.     Arranged  in  a  head;  knob  like. 
Capsular.     Pertaining  to  or  like  a  capsule. 
Capsule.    A  dry  fruit  of  two  carpels  or  more, 

usually  dehiscent  by  valves  or  teeth. 
Cariuate.     Keeled:  with  a  longitudinal  ridge. 
Carpel.     The  modifiL-d  leaf  forming  the  ovary, 

or  a  part  of  a  compound  ovary. 
Cat  uncle.    .Vu  appendage  to  a  seed  at  tl'.e  hilum. 
Caruinulate.     With  a  caruncle. 
Caryopsis.    The  grain;  fruit  of  grasses,  with  a 

thin  pericarp  adherent  to  the  seed. 
Caudate.     With  a  slender  tail-like  appendage. 
Caudex.    The    persistent    base    of    perennial 

herbs,  usually  only  the  part  above  ground. 
Caudicle.    Staik  of  a  pollen-mass  in  the  Orchid 

and  Milkweed  Kamilies. 
Cauline.     Pertaining  to  the  stem. 
Cell.     .\  cavity,  of  an  anther  or  ovary. 
C/iafi'.     Thin  dry  fcales. 
Cliata:a.    The  base  of  the  ovule. 
Chartaceous.     Papery  in  texture. 
Chlorophyll.     Green  coloring  matter  of  plants. 
Ctilorophyllous.     Containing  chlorophyll. 
Ciliate.     Provided  with  marginal  hairs. 
Ciliolate.     Minutely  ciliate. 
Cilium.     A  hair. 
Cinereous.     Ashy;  ash-colored. 
Circinnate.     Coiled  downward  from  the  apex. 
Circuiuscissile.    Transversely  dehiscent .  the  top 

falling  away  as  a  lid. 
Clavate.  Club-shaped. 
Cleisli>iranious.    Flowers  which  do  not  open,  but 

are  pollinated  from  their  own  anthers 
Cleft.     Cut  about  halfway  to  the  midveiii. 
''Itnandrinni.     Cavity  between  the  anther  -acs 

in  orchids. 
Cochleate.     Like  a  snail  shell, 
i  '"Wrt.     Tuft  of  hairs  at  the  ends  of  some  '^ceds. 
Comntid'ire.    The  contiguous  surfaces  of  two 

carpels. 
Conduplicate.     Folded  lengthwise. 
Confluent.     Blended  together. 
Connate.    Similar  organs  more  or  less  united. 
Connective.    The  end  of  the  filament,  between 

the  anther-sacs. 
Connivent.     Converging. 

Convolute.     Rolled  around  or  rolled  up  longi- 
tudinally. 
Coralloid.     Resembling  coraL 
Cordate.     Heart  shaped. 
Coriaceous.     Leathery  in  texture. 
Conn.     A  swollen  fleshy  base  of  a  stem. 
Corolla.   The  inner  of  two  series  of  floral  leaves. 
Corona;  Cro:cn.     An  appendage  of  the  corolla; 

a  crown-like  margin  at  the  top  of  an  organ. 
Coroni/orm.     Crown-like. 
Corvmh.    A  convex  or  flat-topped  flower-cluster 

of  the  racemose  type  with    pedicels  or  rays 

arising  from  different  points  on  the  axis. 


Vol.  in.] 


GLOSSARY. 


5^3 


Cort'Hihosr.     HoriiL  in  coryiiil)>.  corymb  like. 

Cos/a/e.     Kilibeil, 

Ciilylfiliiii.     A  riKlinicMilaty  k'ai'  nf  tlif  onihryo. 

Creiiiilr.     Siallopril ;  with  roiiiukd  ti'Ctli. 

Cieniilalc.     Diininiilivf  of  ctiiialv. 

CriisliKi-iiiis.     lliiid  and  britllf. 

Cuiiilhi/i.     Hooded,  or  resiniMiiif;  a  hood. 

I'lihii.     The  sum  ol'  grassts  and  -iidKcs. 

Ciiiii\i/f.     \VcdK«'  !*hai)(  d. 

( '«T/>-     A  sliarp  slilT  jioiiit. 

('iis/>i<{ii/e.     Sliarpiiointfd:  etidiiiK  in  a  cnsp, 

(  yiiii:  A  (.-  tnvi  x  or  (1  il  (lowirchi-ltrof  the<liter- 

niinaU  type. the  central  llowers  first  nnloIdiiiK. 
Cliiic.w.     .Vrr.ini;ed  in  cymes;  cyme  like. 
Jfeciiliii'iis.     l'"allinK  away  at  the  close  of   the 

KrowiiiK  peiiud. 
DiwimfioiDni.     More  th.in  once  divided. 
J)i\u»ihi->il     Stems  or  liranches  in  an  inclined 

position,  bill  the  end  ascendiiiK 
J^iiiii  II  nl.     .Applied  to  the  pro1on(;ation  of  an 

orir.in.  or  pait  of  an  orRan  niiinini;  alonjf  the 

sides  of  another. 
Ofllfxid.     Turned  abrnptly  downward. 
nehiscrncr.     The  opening  of  .in  ovary,  anther 

sac  or  sporaiige  to  emit  the  eoiileiils. 
Pehhtt'nl.     ( ipenins  to  emit  the  contents. 
Ptiloitl     llro.idly  triangiil.ii,  like  the  C.rec  k  let 

tcr  delta,  A. 
Ih-nlolc.     Toothed,   especially   with    onlwardly 

projectitu;  teetli. 
]h>iliiiiltt/<\     Dimimitive  of  dentate. 
Depaupi'i ale.     Impoverished,  small. 
J^i-f'i  fsied.     Vertically  llaltened. 
Detiiot  w.     Spir.illy  ascending  to  the  rinht 
Jhiiilil^lii'ii^.     St.muns  iiniled  into  two  sets. 
/)i'!ii(i>i>ii\.     Ilavinj;  two  stamens. 
/>i,/iii/i.)iiiii'is.      I'orkiiiK     regularly     into     two 

nearly  eciiial  branches  or  segments. 
Dicitlyieiloiiitii.'i.     With  two  cotyledons 
/)ii/\  iiiiUis       Twin-like;    of    two    nearly   equal 

seifments. 
Diijii\e.     Loosely  spreadinir. 
Diiiilalf.     Diverpinjf.  like  llic  finders  spread. 
Dinioi  f'liotis.     Of  two  fmins. 
/li'irnKns.     lie.iriiisr   staniinate    llowers   or   an- 

therids  on  one  plant,  and  pistillate  llowers  or 

arclieeones  on  another  of  the  same  species. 
Pisi'oiii.     Heads  of  c'ompositae  cominised  only 

of  tubular  llowers;  rayless;  like  a  disk. 
Disk.     An  enlarnemeiil  or  prolotmalion  of  the 

leceptacle  of  a  flower  around  the  base  of  the 

pistil;    the   head  of  tubular  flowers  in  Com- 

positae. 
Pi  ua'lfd     I  )ividcd  info  many  seRrtients  or  lobes. 
Piisffiniiiiil.     A  partition-wall  of  an  ovary  or 

fruit. 
Ph/idioiis.     .Vrranned  in  two  rows. 
Pisliiul.     Separate  from  each  other;  evident. 
Pizai  itiite      IliverginK  at  a  wide  angle. 
Piviiifii.     Cleft  to  the  base  or  to  the  mid-nerve. 
Poi. •,(!/.     On  the  b.ick.  or  pertainiuK  to  the  back. 
Piii('at'Ci>its.     Drupe  like. 
Piufe.     K    simple    fruit,    usually   indehiscent 

with  llcshv  exocarp  and  bony  endocarp. 
nrutielel.     Diminutive  of  drupe. 
F.iliiiiale.     Prickly. 

FAlif'soid.     \  solid  IhmIv,  elliptic  in  section. 
F.lhflii.     With  the  outline  of  an  ellipse;  oval. 
JCiiKuxi'ialf     Notched  at  the  apex. 
Enibi  VII.     \  rudimentary  plant  in  the  seed. 
/iiiibi\iisiii\    The  niacrospore  of  the  flowerinp 

plants,  contained  in  the  ovule. 
Kmlncat  ft.     The  inner  layer  of  the  pericarp. 
/•'ndi>i;riioti.<.     ForminR  new  tissue  within. 
Fntiosfierin.     The  substance  surrounding  the 

embryo  of  a  seed;  albumen. 
Ensifoim.     Shaped  like  n  broad  sword. 
F.nliie.     Without  divisions,  lobes,  or  teetli. 
Etihrmeral.    Continuing  for  only  a  day  or  less. 
F.pigvnoun.     .\dnate  to  or  borne  on  the  upper 

part  of  the  ovary, 
F.piphylic.     Growing  on  other  plants,  but  not 

parasitic. 
Equilant.    Folded   around  each  other;   strad- 
dling. 


I'.iose.     Irregularly  margined,  as  if  gnawed. 

Eiaiirscfnl.     Karly  disappeaiing. 

Ex'eifii  eeii.  Hearing  green  leaves  throughout 
the  year. 

Evitii  iriil.  Witli  a  tip  projecting  beyond  the 
main  part  of  the  organ 

/■'  I  lnlialiii.i; .     Peeling  (iir  in  layers. 

/.'  I  mill  ft.     The  outer  layer  of  liie  pericarp. 

JC ii^<;riiiiiis.  pormiiig  new  tissue  outside  the 
older. 

E  i.u'i/id.     Prolonged  past  surrnunding  organs. 

I'.x  slif>ulali-      Without  stipules. 

/•-' i7;i'/.V('      iMciiig  outward. 

I'll  1 1  ale,     .Scythe  shaped. 

Fii  null  < 'III  i.     .Starchy,  or  containing  starch. 

Fii.u  il  /f.     A  dense  duster. 

J'listiilfii.     llonie  in  (ktise  clusters. 

FiK/ii;  iii/i.  Steins  or  branches  which  are 
ncaily  erect  and  close  togt  tlier. 

I  iitf\liiili:     With  window  like  markings. 

h'fitiU'.     Hearing  spores,  or  bearing  seed. 

I'ci lilr.ixlioii.  The  niiiigliiig  of  the  contents  of 
a  male  and  female  cell. 

/'/•I  I  iii^iiiiuis.     Color  of  iron  rust. 

h'elid.     Ill  smelling. 

I'ibi  illo!.,-.     With  lilir.  s  or  fibre-like  organs. 

I'lliiiiii-iil.  The  stalk  of  an  anther;  the  iwofoim- 
ing  the  stamen 

I'lhiiufiiloii.t.  Composed  of  thread  like  struc- 
tures: thread  like. 

I'll  I/',  1 1  III.     Thread  tike. 

I'liiihi  iiile.     With  fringed  edges. 

h'iiiihi  illiilc.     Minntelv  fringed 

h'isliiliii .     Hollow  and  cylindric. 

I'liihi'llali'.  I-'an-shapcd.  or  arranged  liki  the 
sticks  of  a  fan. 

I'Uiicid.     I.ax;  weak. 

Flrxiii^ii.  .\lternalely  bint  in  dilTcrent  direc- 
tions. 

/■7(>(( me.     With  loose  tufts  of  wool  like  hairs. 

I'niiiiii-oiit.     .Similar  to  leaves. 

loliiiliilr.     With  separate  le.iflets. 

I'i'llulc.  \  simple  fiiiit  dehiscent  along  one 
suture. 

i'olliculai-.     Similar  to  a  follicle. 

I'oxrule.     l\ivioliili\     More  or  less  pitted. 

I'lie.     Sepirate  from  other  organs;  not  adnate. 

I'liuid.     The  leaves  of  ferns. 

/•';  iili:ufnl.    /'i  iilini.ff.    More  or  less  shrub-like. 

J-'iii;iuii>ii.'i.     Falling  soon  after  di  vcloj  inent. 

I'iii;ili:-e  Planis  not  native,  but  occurring 
here  and  there,  without  dirtct  evidence  of  be- 
coming established. 

J'liiiii iiliis.    The  stalk  of  an  ovule  or  seed. 

I^imfoi  III.     Spindle-shaped. 

Giilea.     A  hood  like  part  of  aperianlh  orcorolla. 

Calealc.     With  a  galea. 

Oaiiiilof'liyle.    The  sexual  generation  of  plants. 

(riiiiiit/irliilons.     With  pet.ilsmore  or  less  united, 

(Ifiiiiiia.     .\  buil-like  propagative  organ. 

(I'l/'hoii.':.     luilargcd  or  swollen  on  one  side. 

(iliihrali.     Nearly  without  hairs. 

(II11/11011.K.     Devoid  of  hairs 

liliidiiiti:     Like  a  swor<l  blade. 

Gland.     A  secreting  cell,  or  group  of  cells. 

Glandular.    With  glands,  or  gland  like. 

Glmiii'iis.  Covered  with  a  fine  bluish  or  white 
bloom ;  bluish-hoary. 

Gli'hiixe.     Spherical  or  nearly  so. 

Glonitiale.     In  a  compact  cluster. 

Gloinei  iile.    \  dense  capitate  cyme, 

ifliimacfoiis.     Resembling  glumes. 

Gliinir.  The  scaly  bracts  of  the  spikelets  of 
grasses  and  sedges. 

Oiaiiiilose.    Composed  of  grains. 

GteKarious.    Growing  in  groups  or  colonies. 

Gynnbase.  A  prolongation  or  enlargement  of 
the  receptacle,  supporting  the  ovary. 

Ilabil.     General  aspect. 

Ilabilal.    A  plant's  natural  place  of  growth, 

Haslale.  ILilberd-shaped;  like  sagittate,  but 
with  the  basal  lobes  diverging. 

Hausloria.    The  specialized  roots  of  parasites. 

Head,  ,\  dense  round  cluster  of  sessile  or 
nearly  sessile  flowers. 


524 


GLOSSARY. 


[Vol..  III. 


m 


J/i-i Ihtci'iiii^.     I.iiif  likf   in    It  vliirc-   and    color; 

IKttainiujr  l<>  an  herb. 
Jlihim.     Till  scar  or   area  of  allacliniciil  of  a 

sciil  or  i>vnk-. 
Hit suli\     With  ratliir  coarse  slitT  liairs. 
Jli^fiul.     With  bristly  slilT  liairs. 
/fiipi\/ii/tiiiK.     Dliiiiiiulivc  of  liisi>ic.l. 
Jfvalhif.     Tliin  and  translucent. 
Hvt>iHol\l.        rile     nidiincntary    sti  in    of     tlie 

embryo;  .also  lermed  ladicli'. 
/ 1 r p(\i;y II I II III .     Org.in  supporliiiR  llie  ovary  in 

-nine  seil^es. 
//i/||'!,'r""">.     liornc  at  the  base  of  the  ovary, 

or  below. 
/iiibi  iiiilitl.     OverlaiipiiiK. 

lint>f>fi'il.     I'lowi  rs  with  eitlier  stain,  ns  or  pis- 
tils, not  Willi  both. 
Incised      Cut  into  sharj)  lolies. 
liuliidid.     Not  priijeclniK:  bevcind  surroundin^r 

paits.  " 

lin  iiiiilicnl.     With  the  back  against  the  hvpo- 

cotyl. 
Iiulehiicchl.     Not  openins;. 
Iiidiisiiiiii    The  nienibrane   covering  a  sorus. 
Incqiiilatfi  ill.     rnei|iial  sided. 
Inffiioi.     Kelatinti  to  an  organ  which  arises  or 

is  situated  below  another. 
liijicxcd.     .\bniptly  bent  inward. 
[iifliii esciiur.     The  llowerinp  part  of  plants;  its 

mode  of  arranticnient. 
Itilrgiinifnt.     \  coat  or  protecting  layer. 
In'ernode.     Portion   of  a   stem   or   i)ranch   be 

Iween  two  successive  nodes 
Iiili'oi  sr.     I''acinK  inward. 
In-.i'liUil.     \  secondary  irvolncre. 
/ir.idmralr.     With  an  involucre,  or  like  one. 
Involucre.     S.    wliorl    of    bracts    snbter.diiiK    a 

llower  or  dower  cluster. 
Involute.     Kolled  inward.ly. 
Ii  itXiiliii .     .\  llower  in  which  o:ie  or  more  of 

the  organs  of  the  same  series  are  unlike. 
I.ahiale.     I'rovidtd  with  a  lip  like   oijjan;    bc- 

loiigitiK  to  the  family  I.abiatae. 
I.actniaie.     Cut  into  narrow  hjbes  or  sejrments. 
I.iinceolale.      Considerably   loiiKcr  than    broail, 

tapering  ni)waid   from  the    middle  or  below; 

lance  shaped. 
J.tile.v.     The  milky  sap  of  certain  jilants. 
Leaflet.  <  )nc  of  tlu  divisions  of  a  coin  pound  leaf. 
Legume.     \   simple  dry  fruit  dehiscent  along 

both  sutures. 
l.enlicular.     I.ens  shaped 

J.HiUlale.     Provided  with  oi  resembliuKa  lignlc. 
J.ivule.     A  strap  shaped  organ,  as  the  rays  in 

Compositae. 
l.imh.     The  expanded  part  of  a  petal,  sepal,  or 

(jamopetalous  corolla. 
Linear.     lUoiiKated     and     narrow    with     sides 

nearly  iiarallel. 
Lineolale.     With  (ine  or  obscure  lines. 
I.obed.     Divided  to  about  the  middle. 
L.oineiil.     .\  jointed  leRuine.  usually  constricted 

between  the  seeds. 
I.oculicidal.     .Applied  to  cajjsnles  which  split 

lotiRitndinally. 
Lodieulei.     Minute  hyaline  scales   subtending 

the  llower  in  grasses. 
Liinale.     Crescent  shaped. 
I.vrate.     I'innatilid.  with  the  terminal  lobe  or 

segment  considerably  larger  than  the  others. 
Mijcro.f/>oran);e.     Sporangc   eonlainingr   macro- 
spores. 
M'arrosfiiire.     Tlie  larger  of  two  kinds  of  spores 

Iwrne   by  a   |)lnnt.   usually  giving  rise   to  a 

female  prothallinm. 
Afarcescenl.    Withering  but  reniainingattaelied. 
Medullary.     Pertaining  to  the  pith  or  medulla. 
One  of  the  carpels  of  the  I'tnbel 


Afericarfi. 

li  ferae. 
Mesocarfi. 
Micropvlf. 


The  middle  layer  of  a  pericarp. 
Orifice    of    the   ovule,   and    corrc- 
ftporiding  point  on  the  seed. 
Microsporange.     Sporangre    containing    micro- 
spores. 
Microspore.    The  smaller  c;f  two  kinds  of  spore 


borne  by  a  plant,  usually  giving  rise  to  a  male 
])rolhallinui;  jiolleii  grain. 

Midvein  ( .Midi  ib).  Tlie  central  vein  or  rib  of  a 
leaf  or  other  organ 

Monadetplious.  Stamens  united  by  their  I'lla- 
mcnts. 

.Monili/'orm.     Like  a  string  of  beads. 

.Monoecious.  Hearing  stamens  and  pi-tils  on 
the  same  plant,  but  in  dilTercnt  flowers. 

Monslrou.s.     I  iiusnal  or  deformed. 

.Miicrimale.     With  a  short  shar))  abrupt  tip. 

.Mucroniilale.     Diminutive  of  mucronate. 

Muiicale.  Kouglu-ned  with  short  h.ird  pro- 
cesses. 

Mulicoii.i.     Pointless,  or  blunt. 

Xaied.  Lacking  organs  or  ])arts  which  are  nor- 
ii'ally  |)resent  in  related  species  or  genera. 

.\alurati:ed.  Plants  not  indigenous  to  the  re- 
gion, but  so  firmly  established  as  to  have 
become  part  of  the  flora. 

.\ectarv.     \  sugar-seen  ting  organ. 

.Voile.  The  junction  of  two  internodes  of  a 
stem  or  branch,  often  hard  or  swollen,  at 
which  u  leaf  or  leaves  are  usually  borne. 

.Xodose.     Similar  to  nodes  or  joints;  knotty. 

.Vodulo.ie.     Diminutive  of  nodose. 

.^';//.  An  indehiseent  one-seeded  fruit  with  a 
hard  or  bony  jn  ricarp. 

.\ulhi.     Diminutive  of  nut. 

Ohcoi date.     Inversely  heart  shaped. 

Oblanceolate.     Inverse  of  lanceolate. 

Ohloni;.  Longer  than  broad  with  the  sides 
nearl\  i>arallel,  or  somewhat  curving. 

Obo:-ate.     Inversely  ovate. 

()tio!'oid.     Inversely  ovoid. 

Ob.uitete.  Not  evident;  gone,  rudimentary,  or 
vestigial. 

Oblu.^e.     Ulunt,  or  rounded. 

Ochreae.  The  sheathing  united  stipules  of 
Polygonaceae. 

Oilireotae.  The  ochreae  subtending  flowers  in 
the  Polygonace.ie. 

Ocliroleucous.     Yellowish  white. 

Oo.iplieie.  The  cell  of  the  archegone  which  is 
fertilized  by  s))crmatozoids. 

Operciilate.     With  an  operculum. 

Ofierculum.     \  li>l. 

()rhiculai .     .Approximately  circular  in  (Uitline. 

Ortiiotropoiis.  Term  applied  to  the  straight 
ovule,  having  the  liilnm  at  one  end  and  the 
mieropyle  at  the  other 

Otaiy.     The  ovule-bearing  part  of  the  pistil. 

Ovate.  In  outline  like  a  longitudinal  section  of 
a  hen's  egg. 

Ovoid.     Shaped  like  a  hen's  egg. 

Ovule.  The  inacrosi)orange  of  flowering  plants, 
becoming  the  seed  on  maturing. 

Palate.  The  projection  from  the  lower  lip  of 
two-lipped  personate  corollas. 

Palet.  .\  bract-like  organ  enclosing  or  subtend- 
ing the  flower  in  grasses. 

Palmate.     Diverging  radiately  like  the  fingers. 

Panicle.  .\  c<mipound  flower  cluster  of  the 
racemose  type,  or  cluster  of  sporanges. 

Paniculate.  Home  in  panicles  or  resembling  a 
panicle. 

Papilionaceous.  Term  applied  to  the  irregular 
flower  of  the  Pea  Family. 

Piipillose.     With  minute  blunt  projections. 

Pappus.  The  bristles,  awns,  teeth,  etc.,  sur- 
mounting the  achene  in  the  Chicory  and 
Thistle  I'amilies. 

Parasiltc.  Crowing  upon  other  plants  and  ab- 
sorbing their  juices. 

Parietal.  Home  along  the  wall  of  the  ovary,  or 
pertaining  to  it. 

Parted.     Deeply  cleft. 

Pectinate.     Coniblikc. 

Pedicel.  The  stalk  of  a  flower  in  a  flower- 
cluster,  or  of  a  sporange. 

Peduncle.  Stalk  of  a  flower,  or  a  flower-duster, 
or  a  sporocarp. 

Pedunculate.     With  a  peduncle. 

Peltate.  Shield-shaped;  a  flat  organ  with  a 
stalk  on  its  lower  surface. 


[Vor,.  III. 

ise  to  a  male 

ill  or  rib  of  a 

y  tlicir  fila- 

Is. 

(1    i)i-tils  (III 

)\Vfr>. 

nipt  tip. 

ronatf. 

t    iKirtl    pro- 


liuli  art-  tior- 
r  Ki'iH  ra. 

us  to  the  le- 
as  to  liavc 


riioiU'S  of    a 
swollen,   at 
•  borne, 
;  knotty. 

fruit  with  a 


1, 

X', 

li    the    siile.s 
injf- 


iinentary,  or 

stipules    of 
IK  flowers  ill 

one  which  is 


ar  in  outline, 
the  straight 
end  and  the 

the  pistil, 
iial  section  of 


icring  plants, 
lower  lip  of 
g  or  subtend- 

the  fiiiKcrs, 
luster  of   the 
anues. 

resemblingr  a 

the  irregular 

jections, 

til,   etc.,   sur- 

Cliieory    and 

lants  and  ab- 

the  ovarv,  or 


in  a  flower- 
lower-cluster, 

rgan   with    a 


Vol.  in.] 


GLOSSARY. 


525 


Penicillali\  With  a  tuft  of  hairs  or  hair-like 
branches. 

Perfect.    Plowers  with  both  stamens  and  pistils. 

Pei/oliale.  Leaves  so  clasping  the  stem  as  to 
appear  as  if  pierced  by  it. 

Perianlli.  The  modified  floral  leaves  (sepals  or 
petals),  regarded  collectively. 

Pel  i,(i>/i.    The  wall  of  the  fruit,  or  seed-vessel. 

Prrijryniuiii.  The  utricle  enclosing  the  ovary 
or  achene  in  the  genus  Cm  rt: 

Pfiifrynoiix.  Home  on  the  perianth,  around 
the  ovary. 

Pfriphcial.     Pertaining  to  the  periphery. 

Persistent.  Organs  remaining  attached  to  those 
bearing  them  after  the  growing  period. 

Petal.     One  of  the  leaves  of  the  corolla. 

Petal, lid.     Similar  to  petals;  petal-like, 

Petiolate.     With  a  petiole. 

Petiole.    The  stalk  of  the  leaf, 

Phyllotle.     .\  bhadeless  petiole  or  rachis. 

J'ilose.     With  long  soft  hairs. 

Pinna.  .\  jirimary  division  of  a  pinnately  com- 
pound leaf. 

Pinnate.  Leaves  divided  into  leaflets  or  seg- 
ments along  a  common  axis. 

Piniiatifid.  I'innately  cleft  to  the  middle  or 
beyond, 

Pinuulc.     A  division  of  a  pinna. 

Pistil.  The  Central  org.in  of  a  flower  coiUaiiiiiig 
the  macrosporaiiges  (ovules). 

Pistillate.  With  pistils;  and  usually  employed 
in  the  sense  of  without  stamens. 

Placenta.     .Vn  ovule-bearing  surface. 

Plicate.     I'oUkd  into  plaits,  like  a  fan. 

Plumose.     Resembling  a  iilume  or  feather. 

Plumule.  The  rudimentary  terminal  bud  of  the 
embryo. 

Pollen.     Pollen  i;iain.     See  Microspore. 

Polliiiia.  Tlie  pollen  masses  of  the  Orchid  ami 
Milkweed  Kamiles. 

Polv!:^amous.  Bearing  hc.'.h  perfect  and  imper- 
fect flowers, 

Polyftelalous.     With  separate  petals. 

Pome.     Tlie  fleshy  fruit  of  the  Apple  ramily 

J'riHiimhent.     Tr.iiliiig  or  lying  on  the  ground. 

Profiliyll!.     Ilraetlets. 

Protlialliuiii.  The  sexual  generation  of  I'teri 
dophyla. 

Puberulenl.     With  very  short  hairs, 

Puln'scenl.     With  hairs. 

Punctate.     With  translucent  dots  or  pits. 

Pungent.     With  a  sharj)  stiff  lip. 

Pvi  i/orht.      I'e.ir  sliapid. 

Raceme.  .\ii  i!ong,ite<l  di  terminate  flower  clu- 
ter  with  eaili  flowiT  peilieelled. 

Pacemi>\i'.     In  laeeiiies,  or  resembling  a  raceme. 

A'aclnl/a.     The  axis  of  the  sjjikelet  in  gr.isses. 

Racliis.  The  axis  of  a  compound  lea.',  or  of  a 
spike  or  laeeme. 

Railiant.  With  the  marginal  flcwers  enlarged 
ami  ray-like. 

Radiate.     With  ray-flowers;  radiating. 

Radicle.  Tlie  rudimentary  sli'in  of  tlie  em 
bryo;  hypooolyl. 

Radi,  ular.  I'ertaining  to  the  radicle  or  hypo 
cotyl. 

Raphe  1  Kliahhe'i.  The  richj^e  connecting  the  lii- 
lum  .-111(1  ehala/.a  of  an  aiiatropoiis  or  aiiiphi- 
trojious  ovule;  the  rid;j;e  on  the  spoiocirp  of 
Afaisilea. 

Ray.  t)ne  of  the  pi-duncles  or  branches  of  an  um- 
bel; the  flat  marginal  flowers  in  C(Miipositae. 

Receptacle  Tlie  end  of  the  flower  stalk,  bear- 
ing the  flor.il  org, ins,  or,  in  Compositae,  the 
flowers:  also,  in  some  ferns,  an  axis  bciiring 
spoianges. 

Recurx'ed.     Curved  backward. 

Retlcied.     Ileiil  bickward  abruptly. 

Regular.  Having  the  membjrs  of  each  part 
alike  in  size  and  shape. 

Rent /'or  III      Kidney- shaped. 

Repand.     With  a  somewhat  wavy  margin. 

Reticulate.     Arranged  as  a  network, 

Retrorse.     Turned  l)iekward  or  downward. 

Retuse.     With  a  shallow  notch  at  the  end. 


Rcz'olulc.     Rolled  backward. 
Rliacliis.     See  A'acliis. 
Rlii-ome.     .See  Rootstock. 

.V  subterranean  stem,  or  part  of  one. 
The  g.iping  mouth  of  a  two-lipped 


Rootstock. 
Rin^'Ciit. 
corolla. 
Rostelliim. 
Rostrate. 
Rosulate. 


Heak  of  the  style  in  Orchids, 
With  a  beak. 
Like  a  rosette, 
Rotate.     With  a  ,1al  round  corolla-limb. 
Rugose.     Wrinkled, 
Runciiiate.     .Sharply  pinnatifid,  or  incised,  the 

lobes  or  segments  turned  backward. 
Sac.    \  pouch,  especially  the  cavities  of  anthers. 
.Saccate.     With  a  pouch  or  sac. 
Sagittate.     Like  an  arrow-head,  with  the  lobes 

turned  downward. 
Samara.    \  simple  indehiscent  winged  fruit. 
Saprophyte.     .\    plant   which    grows    on    dead 

organic  matter. 
Sca/'ious.     Rough. 

S<'a/e.     .\  miiiiUe,  rudimentary  or  vestigial  leaf. 
Scape.     .\  leafless  or  nearly  leafless  stem  or  i^e- 

duiicle,  arising  from  a  subterranean  part  of  a 

plant,  bearing  a  flower  or  flower-cluster. 
Scapose.      I  laving  scapes,  or  resembling  a  scape, 
.Scarioiis.    Tlii.i,  dry,  and  translucent,  not  green. 
Scorpioid.     Coiled  up  in  the  bud,  unrolling  in 

growth. 
Secund.     Home  along  one  side  of  an  axis. 
Segment.     \  division  of  a  leaf  or  fruit. 
Sepal.     One  of  the  leaves  of  a  calyx, 
.Septate.     Provided  with  iiartitions. 
Scpticidal.     \  capsule  which   split-;   longitudi- 
nally into  and  through  its  dissepiniems. 
.Serrate.     With  teeth  projecting  forward. 
Serrulate.     Diminutive  of  serrate,  serr.ile  with 

small  teeth. 
Sessile.     Without  a  stalk, 
.Setaceous.     Ihistle  like. 
Setose.     Itristlv. 

.Silicle.     .\  siliqu.-  much  longer  than  wide. 
.Silii/iie.    .\n  elongated  two-valved  capsular  fruit, 

with  two  p.iri-jtal  plac^-iua'  ,  usually  dihisceiit. 
Sinuate.     With  strongly  w,ivy  margins. 
.Sinuous.     Ill  form  like  the  p  ilh  of  a  snake. 
.Sinus.     The  sp,u?e  between  the  lobes  of  a  leaf, 
Sorus  (Soli).     .\  group  or  cluster  of  sporanges, 
.Spadiceous.     Like  or  pertaining  to  a  spadix. 
.Spadi  \.\     A  fleshy  si)ike  of  flowers. 
Sfiathaceous.     Reseinhling  a  s]iatlie. 
Spathe.     \  lir.iet.  usiii'.ly  more  or  less  concave, 

subtciuling  .1  spidix. 
Spatulate    Sh.iped  like  a  spatula;  spoon-shaped. 
Shermalor.^iils.    C'elUdevelojied  in  the  an  tin  rid. 

for  the  lertili/ation  of  the  o  isplure. 
.Spicate.     .Xrraiiged  in  a  spike;  like  a  spike. 
.Spike.     .\n  elongated  llower  clusteror  cluster  of 

sporan.ges,  u  ilh  sessile  or  iieirly  sessile  flowers 

or  spin.inges. 
Spiketet      Diminulive  of   spike;  espjci.iUy  ap- 

jilied  to  llower  clusters  of  grasses  and  sedges, 
.Sfiinose.     With  spinas  or  similar  to  spines, 
.Sfiiitiile      .\  small  slurp  projection, 
Spinulose.  Willi  small  sh.irp  processes  orsi)ines. 
Sporange.     .\  sac  containing  spipic-s, 
.Spoie.     .\n  asexii.il  vegct.itivc  cell. 
Shorocarp.     Oty.m  coiitainingsporanges  or  sori, 
.Sporophi'te.     I'lie  asexual  generation  of  plants, 
.Spre.i.lini;-.     Diverging  nearly  at   right  angles; 

nearly  prostrate. 
•Spur.     .\  hollow  projeclion  from  a  flor.il  organ, 
.Si/uarrose     With  spreidingor  projeeling  parts. 
Slaiiien      Tlu-  organ  of  a  flower  wlich  bears  tlie 

microspores  1  poller,  grains  1. 
Slaminodiuin.     .\  sterile  stamen,  or  other  organ 

in  the  position  of  a  st.imeii. 
Standard,      file  upper,  usually  bro.ul,  petal  of  a 

papilioiMceous  corolla, 
Sle/late.     Star-like. 
Slerii;niata.    The  projections  from  twigs, bearing 

the  leaves  in  some  getieia  of  I'iiiaceae 
Sterile.     Without  spores,  or  witlnmt  seed. 
Stii.'ma.      The  summit  or  side  of    the  pistil  to 

which  pollen  grains  become  attached. 


526 


GLOSSARY. 


[Vol.  III. 


S/ifii\     Tlic  stalk  (if  nil  orK.iii. 

Siifiiht/i .     I'rovided  willi  a  slipe. 

S/ipii/is.     AppL'iidaKt'S  to  the  base  of  a  petiole. 

often  adiiate  to  it 
S/ifiiila/i:     With  stipules. 
Stolon.     \  basal  branch  rootintf  at  the  nodes. 
Slolonif'iroiis.     I'roducinff  or  bearinn  stolons. 
Stoma  (  Stomata  ).        The  transpiiing  orilices  in 

the  epidermis  of  plants. 
Sirifl.     Straight  and  erect. 
Striiiose.     With    appressed    or  ascending   still 

hairs. 
Strof>liioli\  An  appendaee  to  a  seed  at  the  hiluni. 
Stroptiiii/dtr.     With  a  strophiole. 
St\li\     The  narrowed  top  of  the  ovary. 
Stytopoi/iiim.     The  expinded  base  nf  a  style. 
Siiliainti       Somewhat  acute. 
Snhciii  i/titi       Somewhat  heart-s)i  ijied. 
Sut'coi  nil, on  V    Appro.ichinn leallu ry  in  te.xture. 
Suhfali\it<\     Somewliat  scytlie>hapi(l. 
Sk/^/'i;  II,  UK.     Somewhat  wooily  in  texture. 
Siil)ti  II lt\     Nearly  terete. 
Siihti/iiti:     .\wl  sli.iped 

Suh-.'ersalilf.     Partly  or  inipi  rfectly  versatile. 
Siici  iiteiit      Soft  and  juicy, 
Suliatr.     (Irooved  lon^titudinally. 
.Sufif)  iiir.     .Vpplied  to  the  ovarv  when  free  from 

the  c  ily.x ;  or  to  a  caly.x  adiiate  to  an  ovary. 
Stittii I       .\  Hue  of  si)lillinK  or  openiuK. 
Stiii>iietrii;i/.     .\pplied    to    a    tlower    with    its 

parts  of  eipial  numbi  rs. 
Sviuiii/>.     .V  11  shy  nuiUiple  or  aKpreg.ite  fruit. 

Ti'iuln/.     A  slender  coiliiitf  orif  in. 

Ti'ielt'      Cir:ular  in  cross  section 

Teiiiatf.      IJivided  into    tluee  segments,   or  ar- 
rautfed  in  tlirees. 

Tilt ati\  iiiiinous      With  four  Ions:  stamens  and 
two  shorter  ones. 

TlialliK.     S.  usually  11  it  veuet.itive  orK.m. 

Tliyisoiit.     I, ike  a  thyrsus. 

Thvr^iii.     .V  coni|)act  panicle. 

Toiiiriitusi'.     Covered  with  tomentum. 

7'i>nii'>ilii/o\,\     r)iminutive  of  toiiieiitose. 

Tom,  II I II III       I)en~e  matted  wool  like  h  lirs. 

Tot\ioii.     Twisliiit;  of  an  orii.m. 

ToitiioiK.     Twisted  ot  bent. 

Traill,  III      The  canals  or  duets  in  woody  tissue. 

Trai'ii  ntf.      Wood  cells. 

T>  iaiidious.     With  three  stamens. 

Tricarfioiu.     Composed  of  three  cirpcls. 


Trinioi  filioifi.  riowers  with  st  miens  of  three 
dilTercnt  IcuKths  or  kinds;  in  three  forms. 

TiiijitftioHS.     Three-sided,  the  sides  channeled. 

I'lKinatr.  Terminated  by  a  nearly  straight 
edge  or  surface. 

Tiiher.  .A  thick  short  underground  branch  or 
part  of  a  branch. 

'J'liheirlr  The  persistent  base  of  the  style  in 
some  Cyperaeeae;  a  small  tuber. 

Tiihfiiiilat,\     With  rounded  projections. 

I'liilniiate.     Top  shaped. 

Ili^inoui.     Inhabiting  mud. 

Ihnbel.  A  determinate,  usually  convex  flower- 
cluster,  with  all  the  pedicels  arising  from  tlie 
same  point 


I '  III  hr  1 1 II 1 1 

umbel. 
I 'ill  bell  el. 
I  'iiibeUoid 
I'liiiiialr. 
I'liiliilale. 
I'lieolatr. 


Home   in   umbels;    resembling  an 


A  secondary  umbel. 
Similar  to  an  umbel. 
Hooked,  or  in  form  like  a  hook. 
With  wavy  margins. 
I'rn-shajied. 
I'tiiil,\     A    bl.idderlike   organ;    a   one-seeded 

fruit  with  a  loose  pericarp. 
i'lilTiili-.     Meeting  by  the  margins  in  the  bud, 

not  ovei  lapping:  dehiscent  by  valves. 
I'lisiii/iii .     Relating  to  ducts  or  vesiels. 
i't'iii.     One  of  till-  br.iuches  of  the  woody  por- 
tion of  leaves  or  other  organs. 
J'fiiil,  I      .\  br.meh  of  a  vein. 
ri'liiiii      .\  fohl  of  the  inner  side  of  the  leaf- 

b.isi-  in  l.\o,iii. 
I'liiiliiiiiiK.     Wlvety;   with  dense  fine  pubes- 
cence. 
\'i-iialioii.     The  arrangement  of  vein". 

The  arrangement  of  leaves  in  the 


iialioii. 

I  't'i'ii'it ion 
Imd 

\',i siilil,-.     .An   anther  attached   at  or   n^ar   its 
inidille  to  the  fil.iment 

I'l  I  III  illiilc.     Willi    three    or    more    leaves    or 
bri-nches  at  a  node:  whorled. 

\',sli^iiil.     In  the  nature  of  a  vesti(ie  or  rem- 
nant. 

soft    hairs,     not    matted 


long 


I- 1 1  Ions.      With 

toijether. 
I'iifiiile.     Wand  like. 
ll'lioi!.     .\    group   of    three   simil.ir   organs   or 

more,  radiatiie.,'  from  a  node.     Veiticil. 
Wlioiii.l.     .See  Vertieillate. 
Il'iiii;i.t.     With  a  thin  e.vp.insion  or  expansions. 


KRRATA. 


Vol,  I,  I'ig  63      I'or  "  one  forked  "  read     once- 
forked," 
l"ig,  1 1  (,     rirst  line,  re.id  Piuus  divaricata  I  .\it   1 

("■onion.     The    citation    is    I'iiiik    i/traiiKita 

tlordon,  IMiietum:  U)!.      iX.s>». 
p,  8(),     Gi'Ueric   description  of    l.of)li,il,H'arf>m. 

after  "  Perennial  "  add  "or  .innnal,' 
p.  93.     Line  4.  Kead  "elong:ited.  ' 
Kig.    4fi7.     Add     /'()(/     />^i  Nii,>t>iiil,-ii<is    Seribn. 

iS:    Kydb.    Contr.    Nat.    Herb.    3:    s^i.    pi.    .'«. 

181/., 
p.  209,     I'nder    Sioloi/iloa,    for    "  rickle-likc," 

read  "prickle-like  " 
Fig.  4<j(i.     Head   PuccineJlia   angustata    (  R.    Hr  1 

Redf.  «:  Rand,  Fl.  Mt.  D.sert.  im.      is,|( 
Kig.  qiS.     I'or    '  i"-i '.■"    long,"  n^ail  "  r    I 'i'," 
p.  410,     I'tidcr  Liliaccae,  for -U'arv  read  iiniii 

in  two  places. 
p.  416.     Under  f.iliuin  :  for  "diciduous, "  read 

"  deciduous," 
p.  4,s6.     Key.  for  Pei  inniiiiin  rep.d  Veinmiiiin 
p.  476.     Citation  of  l.eptoiiliis.  r..'ad  "Philom." 
Fig.  1 174.     For  /ra »'(//■/ resid  W'aidi. 


iiS,  Key,  for  Siiiiafistnnn  read  ai-.innis. 

\>-.  Key,  for  l>oii'.;liisii  read  pnrfniea. 
ig   2c/i,v  alter  Hlackseed  insert  period, 
ig,  -'^1'),     Re.id  '    Pink  Needle." 
ig.  .'3SO      Read  "  2    (}'  high." 

,^70,  Key,  For  .stiirtos/ioru  read  ,(//VAi.?/i  >ra. 
igs.  2^1  (,  2315.  For  "ash  colored,"  read 
"brown." 

ig    242,s.     Read  .}f(i/:;i.<:tiniii. 
ig  2550       F'or  "ac.-ording  to  Hitchcock,"  read 

accoiding  to  H   H    Smyth. " 
ig,  26(i<),     For  Anilliiiiiii  read  Aiirl/nini. 
ig   .'!»y<,     P"or  "liritlon,"  reait   '  Heller."  and 
add    citation    .S'fii'riiiolrfii\  filiiiialus    Heller, 
Contr.  F.  iV  M.  Coll,  f  7t       |S.)5 
ig.  2776.     Read  "  liurren  Myrtle.'' 


Vi)l..  HI.  p    18,  First  line,  for  la,  yis  read  la.-ie. 

Fig.  .ITt      Note,  read  "  .Sage  of  liethlehem  " 

Fig.  ,V2i)      I'or  "or"  read  "  Adam's  (lannel," 

p,  144,     I'or  I'ig   23;3read  t2,Vt 

Fig,  ,ui2,     I'"or  "Clover"  read  "  Claver"  grass. 

Fig.  3tt|.     Read  "  W.iyfaring  " 

p.  300.  Key.  No.  ,iS,  for  /ainnlis  read  /oiia,tis. 

Fig.  3708.     Note,  V'ar.  4.  Read  y/Vro.  i;'/i".wr;/j. 

p.  .vfi,  Key,  for  tiso'Ka  read  /iW/i/.i. 

A  few  errors  in  aicut  and  in  index  pacing  are  corrected  in  the  General  Index. 


Vol.  H,  Fig,  I.SOS      Read  liin'<his. 

Fig,  i6,v>.     For '' recurved  "  read  "inflexed." 


[Vol.  hi. 

leiis  of  three 
ev  forms, 
.'s  channeled, 
irly    Htraiglit 

k1   branch  or 

the  style  in 

ctiotis. 


iiivex  flower 
ing  from  the 

senibling  an 


General  Index  of  Latin  Names. 


[Classes  and  rainilies  in  .sm.\i.i.  cai'itai.s;  genera  in  heavy  face;  synonyms  in  italics. 
Heavy  face  figures  indicate  the  volume  ;  other  figures,  the  page.] 


e  a  hook. 


I  oneseedeil 

1  in  the  bud, 

lives, 
s.iels. 
;  woolly  por- 


ol'  the  leaf- 

;  fine  pubes- 

■tn". 

leaves  in  the 

t  or   U'.ar   its 
re    leaves    or 
Btige  or  rein- 
not    inatteil 


ir  organs  or 
•tlicil. 


r  expansions. 


at : tnsis. 
iiftinea. 

'liod. 


cl  slii-l«s("M'a. 
lored,"     read 


'licock,''  read 

tirlliiini. 
Miller."  and 
inhis    Heller, 


/'(  re.nd  lari'f. 
cthlehein 
I's  fl.iniiel." 

Haver  ■'  ifras.s. 

!ad  /'>niJi/ii. 
••oitinescens. 
la. 


Abama 

1  400 

Acnida 

I  ,WI 

Adopogon 

Agropyron 

(Xai  theciiim) 

cannabina 

,S9i 

octiilentale  3  26J-264 

iinilalfialf 

1  22S 

Americana 

I   .)OI 

I'loridana 

59' 

Virginicuni 

263 

violaceum 

227 

Abies 

X    .56 

lusiuarpa 

,S9' 

.Idoi  iiini 

Agrostemma 

2       7 

iiiha 

54 

tamariscina 

,^9' 

dizaricalum 

2  527 

till  itnaria 

16 

balsamea 

."^7 

"  eoncatenata 

,■59  • 

leiinifolium 

527 

t'litliaRo 

1 

Canadensis 

.S4.  .SIJ 

"  prostrata 

,'i92 

Aik)X.\i:eai-; 

3  242 

Agrostis 

I   159 

Carvliiiiaiia 

56 

var,  subnnda 

,S9' 

Adoxa 

243 

ail  oides 

155 

I'raseri 

.^7 

"  tubereulata 

,Sill 

Moschatcllina 

243 

alba 

159 

Jfai  ia/ia 

5,5 

Aconitum 

2     ixj 

.■\/:,i;ili>(>s 

alirida 

150 

ni);i  a 

55 

Noveboracense 

61 

aioinaliia 

«  >77 

allissima 

162 

Abrbnia 

I  5')6 

paniculatum 

61 

AEgopodium 

2  5.59 

aiaclinoides 

160 

Cvii''/>U'ia 

597 

reclinatuni 

1)1 

I'od;H!raria 

5.39 

as  pel  a 

■51 

fniKran;- 

597 

uneinatum 

fil 

AEschynomene 

3" 

aspen/olia 

160 

micnintha 

597 

Acoius 

I  ,VVl 

liisfiida 

3"  2 

III  ez'ijolia 

l.SS 

Abutilon 

2  422 

Calamus 

,V'4 

ViiKiiiica 

312 

can  ilia 

160 

.\butilon 

422 

Actiisliclnnii 

AEsculus 

400 

coal  data 

3  5"2 

Ai  Uetuiae 

422 

alpiiunn 

I     10 

ar^uta 

401 

tonipicisa 

I  156 

Acacia 

2   251 

aiidlaliim 

20 

Jiaia 

401 

nyMaiidia 

155 

hini  hyloba 

255 

li\  /ti'ihareum 

10 

"  pill  pill  ascens    401 

diflii  sa 

143 

fitiiina 

254 

//■rt'nsr 

10 

glabra 

401 

el  a  la 

162 

filiculoidcs 

254 

plalvni-Hios 

2< 

Hippocaslanuii 

.(ro 

lUliottiana 

160 

Acalypha 

2  ,>'>5 

f>i>!yt>t>dh<idi-s 

3,i 

liyhi  Ida 

400 

exarata 

160 

Caroliniana 

.As 

'I'litiyfilfi  IS 

i,=i 

III  lea 

41X) 

filifiirinis 

142 

gracileii~ 

300 

Actaea" 

2    55 

octaudra 

401 

liyemalis 

161 

ostryaefolia 

.;''5 

alba 

^(^ 

I'avia 

402 

liidiia 

1.54 

VirKinica 

.^Wj 

nif;ulii 

55 

AEIhiilia 

intermedia 

162 

Ac.antii.vck.m; 

3  2"" 

;<((>'»/(>iij 

56 

iniilloi  a 

3  30^' 

ill  III  ea 

154 

ACERACK.M-. 

2  ,V>6 

rubra 

55 

AEthusa 

2  519 

'lalifolia 

15» 

Acer 

2  397 

"  dissecta 

55 

Cvuapiiim 

^20 

iiiii\;i/i>lia 

151 

ha>  hnliim 

,19^ 

sfiicala  vars. 

55-6 

Afzelia 

3  172 

.l/c.t  nana 

142 

dasviai  piiDi 

,V,i7 

Aclinrlla 

I  Scynin  ia  1 

Novae  .\iiKliae 

162 

Driimmoiulii 

,V>« 

sie  Picradenia  3 

44«-9 

niacrophylla 

172 

paiiiijioia 

144 

fih'iar/>um 

.597 

f;  III  Ilia 

449 

A:J:assi:ia 

pereniuins 

161 

(ilabnim 

39<.^ 

Ailinoiiifiis 

429 

siiavis 

452 

laieini'sa 

■43 

ninnlaiium 

39<; 

altri  nifolia 

4,;i 

Agastache 

3    S4 

rubra 

161 

NeKUmlo 

400 

lielianlliitidt's 

4;,,. 

1  l.iipliaiilliHs) 

rupe^lris  i  161 

3  503 

niKnim 

.ViS 

Sf/iiarriisa 

431 

auelhioilora 

85 

seab/a 

I  161 

I'eniisylvanicum    ,^<)9 

Actinospermum 

3  142 

nepetoides 

84 

seiolina 

1.56 

])latanoiile.s 

400 

( liii/d:(iiiiia  1 

scrophulariaefolia  85 

.Spiiazenii 

167 

I'.seiulo  Platan 

us     .)oo 

uuillorum 

443 

Agave 

I  445 

soholi/eia 

142 

ruliniiii 

^'>7 

Acuan 

2  255 

\'irKiiiica 

415 

syl~.\ilien 

■59 

saccharininn 

397 

(  /)i\siiiaiil/ins) 

Ar,i,KKr..\TAK 

3  29s 

leinii  flora 

144 

Saccharuni 

3i)'"i 

Illinoensis 

255 

Agoseris 

277 

I  'n  ainica 

153 

spicatuin 

i'>9 

leploloba 

2.S5 

(  Tio.\  inion  ] 

Z'lilaai  /.> 

1.59 

.s/i  iii/niii 

399 

Adelia 

2  to  5 

glauca 

277 

Ailauthus 

2  3-54 

I)  if>arlJlinit 

39<; 

( I'.irrsiiria) 

parviflora 

27"> 

slandulosa 

355 

Acetates 

3    M 

acuminata 

('>i>^ 

Agrimonia 

2   225 

Aira 

I   i6,S 

anKn^tifi'lia 

1 4 

Adenocaulon 

3  4"'( 

liritloniaiia 

227 

ai/iialiea 

194 

atiriculata 

15 

bicolor 

401 

Kiipalnna 

226-7 

aliopui  pHiea 

170 

I'loridana 

I,S 

Adiantum 

I      27 

hirsuta 

226 

eaespilosa 

160 

lanujcinosa 

15 

Capillus-Vcneris      27 

mil  meaifia 

226 

caryophyllea 

168 

ti>n.i;i/iilia 

I,S 

pedatum 

27 

mollis 

227 

eoei  iilea 

i»7 

viridillora 

14 

Adicea 

I  5.^3 

parviflora 

22fl-7 

crislala 

194 

"  Ivisii 

'4 

i/';/c(7) 

pumila 

226 

Jlexiiiisa 

170 

"  linearis 

14 

piimila 

5!3 

roslellata 

220 

meluoides 

210 

"  lanceolala 

14 

Adiumia 

2    UI,S 

striata 

226 

nilida 

193 

Achillea 

3  4,S4 

tirrliosa 

'U5 

Agropyton 

I   226 

oblusala 

192 

Millefolium 

4.S5 

fuiiRoMa 

•05 

caninum 

22S 

praccox 

169 

Ptarmic.i 

454 

Adiiaiia 

574 

dasystachyum 

227 

pill  pin  ea 

i«5 

Achioanthes 

I  475 

Adonis 

2    t<9 

filauctini 

226 

mb'ipicala 

171 

{Microslvlis) 

annua 

89 

Gmelini 

3  508 

Al/OACKAf; 

'  597 

nionophylla 

»  475 

aulumnalis 

89 

pseudorepens 

,507 

Ajuga 

3    75 

unifolia 

476 

Adopogon 

3  263 

repens 

I  226 

reDtans 

76 

Ach^ranthes 
dichotoma 

(  Ki  igia) 

spicatum 

3  ,S"7 

Alchemilla 

2  224 

2    ,19 

Carolinianum 

264 

tetrastachys 

507 

alpina 

225 

lanuginosa 

I  592 

Dandelion 

264 

tenerum 

I  227 

arveiisis 

225 

528 

GENKRAL   INDIiX   OF   LATIN   NAMKS. 

[Vol 

.  III. 

Alchemilla 

2    22,S 

Amaranthus 

15S7 

Amphicarpa 

Anellium 

vulgaris 

225 

alhits 

,S8H 

monoica 

2  334 

/•'ornteiiliiiii 

2  525 

Aletris 

I  425 

blitoidis 

,S88 

I'ilchei  i 

334 

Angelica 

5" 

aurea 

426 

crispns 

59" 

Amphicarpon 

I     UK) 

Arcliani^elict 

52" 

fnriiiosa 

425 

(liloroslacliys 

587 

Ain))liicarpon 

110 

alropurpurea 

512 

Alioma 

I    84 

dfllfxiis 

5')o 

I'lirsliii 

Illl 

Cuitisii 

5" 

cordifoliii 

86 

Kracci/.aiis 

.SSH 

Amsonia 

3      1 

liii  siila 

5' 2 

PlaiitiiKuaciuati 

ca    8,s 

hybridus 

587 

Anisonia 

1 

Iriijiiiiiaia 

512 

tenelUim 

f<5 

/ivfii'clwiulriacui  5.S7 

Talteiiiai-iihinit 

Ilia    I 

vilUisa 

5'2 

sub  II  la  la 

92 

li'vidns 

5^) 

Amygdalus 

2  253 

A.MlIO.SJ'i.KMAl; 

1     61 

Ai.ismaci:aI': 

1    84 

Palmi-ri 

5Hu 

r.-rsica 

254 

Aniiona 

Alliaria 

2  us 

fiaiiiiiilalus 

58S 

A-NACARIHACEAr, 

2  385 

li  iloha 

2      49 

(Stsytnbiiiim  in 

puniilus 

590 

Anachai  is 

Anogra 

488 

part) 

rttniflfxus 

5S7 

Canatlt'iisis 

I    93 

kOHiioiIici  a    in 

Alliaria 

2  II.S 

spinosiis 

5»8 

Anagallis 

2  592 

,.''■"'■'' 

AUionia                 i 

594-6 

Iniiiarisciiiiis 

591 

arvcMsis 

593 

albicaulis 

48S 

(Oxyhapliiis) 

Torreyi 

5S9 

"  coenilc.i 

593 

coronopifolia 

48.H 

albida 

.595 

AmaryIxidacea 

■; 

Ananlhrix 

pallida 

4S9 

Bodini 

596 

I  443 

dec  11  III  he  Hi 

3    '3 

An().\ai.i:  \i: 

2     49 

Bushi 

596 

Amaryllis 

Anaphalis 

3  4"J 

Aiionymi' 

liirsuta 

sy.s 

A  lam  a  SCO 

I  444 

niaiirarilaceu 

400 

cap'ilala 

»  443 

linearis 

596 

Amhlogyne 

Andrachnc 

3  5'7 

Anoiiymo 

nyctaginea 

595 

Torreyi 

I  589 

pliyllantliiiides 

5'8 

aqiialica   i  jj'. 

2  623 

ova  la 

59S 

Amhrosiaceae 

3  292 

Andromeda 

2  5('7 

liraeleal.i 

3'3 

Allium 

I  411 

Ambrosia 

294 

ai  hiirea 

57' 

odoralissiiiia 

3  3'9 

Canadense 

414 

acaiilliicai  pa 

291 ) 

ca  lye  II  la  la 

57" 

panienlalus 

3' 9 

cernuum 

413 

arteniisiaefolia 

295 

coeriilea 

5O5 

peliolalii 

2  606 

mntabile 

414 

bidentata 

294 

floi  ihuiiiia 

568 

roliiiidi/olia 

268 

Nuttallii 

414 

inlcffrifulia 

205 

hyp  no  ides 

565 

Anonyiiins 

ornilliogaloides     415 

psilostachya 

295 

lif;iislriiia 

57" 

i;ramiiii/oli!is 

3  3'« 

reticulatuni 

415 

trifida 

295 

Stariaiia 

569 

Anoplaiilhiis 

Schoenoprasun 

412 

"  integri  folia 

295 

IVli  folia 

i6S 

jaseiculaliii 

'95 

stellatiim 

4'.i 

Amelanchiet 

2  237 

laxifolio 

565 

uni/lorns 

195 

si  rial  11  III 

415 

alnifolia 

239 

lelrni^ona 

566 

Antetinaria 

3  397 

Iricoccum 

I  412 

Hotryaiiium 

238 

sec  Leucothoe 

56O-7 

alpitia 

3<»8 

vinealc 

4'3 

Canadensis 

237 

see  Pieris 

,i68-9 

cainpestrij 

399 

Allocarya 

3    56 

■'  uhloimifolia 

23''^ 

Andiopogon 

I    lf)0 

Cari)atliica 

397 

[JCiili  ii'hiiiiH 

111 

oligocarpa 

239 

alopecuroides 

98 

diinorpha 

4.KJ 

part) 

rotunilifolia 

238 

amb:\i;iiiis 

178 

dioica 

3^18 

scopulorum 

56 

spioata 

238 

arj^enlens 

lOI 

mai,i;arilacca 

400 

Allosarm 

A  melius 

arpyraeus 

loi 

neiidioica 

39S 

acroslic/ioidcs 

I     28 

spill  II  losiis 

3  320 

avrnaceuni 

104 

neijli  eta 

3'W 

AInus 

511 

Ti/lnstis 

324 

h'elz'isii 

loi 

J'ai  linii 

39'i 

Aliiobetula 

512 

Aniianlliiitiii 

(lissitillorus 

102 

jiIantaKinifolia 

399 

gUitiiuisa 

513 

leimaiillioiJfs 

I  400 

ICUiollii 

'03 

AMIllMILiE.Mi 

3  3"' 

incana 

5>2 

ill  u  sea  r  In. vie  11 II I     40  ■? 

furcatiis 

|U2 

Anthemis 

455 

niaritinia 

5>3 

.Xiitlallii 

4f5 

f;  la  11  ens 

'"3 

arvensis 

456 

rUROsa 

5' 2 

Ammannia 

2  46S 

Klonieratus 

102 

Cotula 

455 

serriilala 

5'2 

auriciilata 

469 

Hallii 

101 

nohilis 

456 

viridis 

512 

cocci  Mia 

469 

/falepensis 

104 

lepens 

414 

Alopecurus 

I   MS 

/( 11  in  ills 

4(X)-7o 

faiiiesii 

'03 

tinctoria 

456 

aifre^lis 

148 

Koclnu  i 

469 

iiinci  I'll  1  lint 

102 

Anthoxantlium 

'  '3' 

alpinus 

149 

lalif,>lia 

4t)>» 

iiiarilimiis 

lol 

odoratnni 

'3' 

an.slnlaltis 

'49 

raiiidsior 

47U 

pii'7'iiictali', 

102 

Anthriscus 

2  528 

fiilvtis 

149 

ll'iiMlilii 

-I'lf) 

saceliaroides 

'"1 

Anllirisciis 

528 

geniculatus 

•49 

Ammiali:ai: 

2  5c-*i 

scoi)arius 

Kil 

Ceiefoliiini 

528 

j1/i'lls/>flu'IISIS 

■57 

.•}  m  III  i 

Torrcyanns 

'03 

sylvestris 

52S 

pratensis 

149 

<apillaceiiin 

2  53"^ 

:  iij;  iiialns 

Ii'2 

:-nli<-aris 

52S 

Alsinc 

2     2U 

mn/iis 

53> 

\iiKiiiicus 

li.-' 

Antirrhinum 

3  '47 

iSlcllaiia) 

Ammodenia 

2     35 

Androsace 

2  s8f' 

Cainnlcii.se 

146 

aqualica 

20 

1  Ai  t'liiii  ia  ill  part) 

ucc-identalis 

5S6 

Cvmbalai  i.i 

'44 

boreal  is 

24 

pipldides 

2     36 

Androstephium 

I  4'5 

Elaliiic 

'45 

"  alpestris 

24 

Ammophila 

I    Id.', 

coeruU-uiu 

4'6 

f^eiiislacfoliuKi 

146 

crassifolia 

24 

areiiaria 

166 

Ti\'!iieeii  ni 

416 

l.inaria 

146 

fontiiialis 

24 

n  I'll  111! ilia I't'u 

u')6 

Anemone 

2      62 

mains 

'47 

graininca 

23 

Ammoselinum 

2  525 

Canadensis 

^14 

Oriintium 

148 

Holostca 

22 

{Apiinn  in  part) 

Caroliniana 

6j 

lepens 

'47 

luiniifiisa 

21 

I'opci 

525 

cylindrica 

63 

spur  ill  III 

'45 

longi  folia 

22 

Amorpha 

2    2S() 

diclioloma 

64 

Anychia               2 

38.  4" 

longipes 

23 

cam  sccns 

2K7 

Jlepalica 

65 

nrayrocoma 

38 

"  IJdwardsii 

23 

frnticosa 

286 

Hiidsoniana 

63 

Canadensis 

4" 

"  pedunciilaris        2j 

miciophylla 

2^6 

laneiMia 

65 

Ciipillaeea 

40 

media 

21 

nana 

2sr, 

niultifida 

63 

dicliotonia 

40 

Michauxii 

23 

Ampelanus 

3    '6 

lu'inorosa 

64 

A  pallia 

pubera 

22 

( I'.iislenia'' 

niidicanlis 

74 

aniiiinnalis 

3  2()6 

uliginosa 

21 

albidus 

16 

.\ullnlliana 

67 

Apera 

I  167 

Althaea 

2  415 

Ampelopsis 

2  412 

paivi  flora 

62 

Spica-venti 

167 

oflicinalis 

415 

aiboica 

412 

J'eniisyh'aiiica 

64 

Aplianet 

Alyssum           3  i 

38.  '52 

cordata 

412 

(luirquefolia 

64 

ar:'eii^is 

2  225 

alyssoides 

153 

licteropliylla 

412 

Rici.ar<lsonii 

64 

Aphanoatephus 

3  349 

a  re  1  if  11  III 

'38 

qniiiqiiefolia 

413 

Ihalielroides 

66 

A rkansanii  • 

349 

calyciiiiim 

'53 

"  zilacea 

413 

trifolia 

65 

skirrobasis 

349 

i  man  II  III 

154 

I'eilchii 

413 

\'irginiana 

i>i 

Aplioia 

man  Hill  II  III 

153 

Amphiachyris 

3  320 

A  nrmonella 

li  u  m  His 

2  365 

Amarantiiaceae  I  586 

dracunculoides 

320 

llialieli  oidcs 

2    66 

inereii  rial  ilia 

364 

,".1I..  III. 


3  525 
5"i 

•SI  2 
511 

,S12 

512 

5"2 

1  61 

2  19 

488 


48S 

4».S 

489 

2     49 


3  3'9 
,1>9 

2  6(i6 
268 

3  3>« 

'V5 
195 
3  397 
39» 
399 
397 
4(XJ 

39^ 
400 

.19^ 
.3<W 
39" 
,Vj9 
3  3"' 
4,S5 
456 
4.S,S 
4,S6 
414 
4.S<i 

1  131 
131 

2  5-^S 
,^28 
,S28 

,S2S 
?2S 

3  '47 
14'. 

144 
'4.S 
146 
146 

147 
14'' 
147 
143 
jS.  4" 

4" 
40 
41J 

3  266 

1  167 
167 

2  225 

3  349 
349 
349 

2  ;,65 
3(>\ 


.^,4UU^-PJ.JL,^^ 


Vol,.  III.] 

GKNKRAI,   INDKX 

01*   I..\TIN   NAMKS. 

529 

Afihyllon 

3  "91 

Arclia>if;rlii'a 

Arnica 

Asclepiaa 

/ascniilaliim 

19.S 

almpii)  piirea 

3  512 

acaulis 

3  47" 

Kalioides 

3  52" 

"  I II  leu  m 

■9.S 

(imeliiii 

52" 

alpina 

472 

incarnata 

7 

I.uiliivicianuin 

Ii^j 

Ai  .liemiira 

ani^iislifolia 

472 

Jamesii 

8 

unilliii  H>n 

I'lS 

1  If;  ilia 

5"  3 

Clianiissonis 

472 

lanccolata 

6,  14 

Apiastrum 

2   ,=i2li 

Arctagrostis 

I   ",57 

Clavloni 

47" 

lanuginosa 

3    «5 

i  l.epliuaiilis) 

latil'olia 

"57 

cordi  folia 

47' 

latifolia 

8 

patens 

527 

Arctium 

3483 

maiilima 

476 

lauri/olia 

() 

Apios 

2  334 

I/ippa 

483-4 

miillis 

472 

Meadii 

<) 

A  pi  OS 

3.W 

minus 

4H4 

Monlana  var. 

472 

nigra 

i() 

/ii/)fivsa 

.I3.S 

ti)nientosuni 

4H3 

iiudicaiilis 

47' 

obtusi  folia 

8 

Apium 

.S33 

Arctostaphylos 

3  572 

Amoseris 

3  265 

ovalifolia 

II 

.tin  mi 

.S3t 

alpiiia 

573 

minima 

26,s 

perennis 

12 

dizaricalum 

537 

I'va  I'rsi 

572 

piisilla 

2(),S 

paupercula 

6 

eckinaliitn 

.S37 

A  rclous 

Aronia 

2   236 

pliylolaccoides 

9 

Kravrokti.s 

^?,:, 

alpina 

a  573 

i/'ynis  in  part) 

pulchra 

/ 

U'ptophylluiii 

534 

Aienaria 

3" 

ainifniia 

239 

pumila 

12 

palens 

527 

bi  flora 

32 

arbutifolia 

2,16 

purpurascens 

7 

Petroseliniim 

5,(3 

Canadensis 

37 

nigra 

237 

quadrifolia 

1" 

Popei 

525 

Caroliniana 

33 

Arrhenatherum 

I  "73 

rubra 

3      6 

Aplectrum 

I  4S1 

ciliata 

3" 

a  venaceii  m 

173 

speciosa 

1" 

hyeiniile 

-tHi 

Kendleri 

32 

elatius 

"73 

slenophylla 

"4 

spic:itum 

481 

Grocnlandica 

34 

Artemisia             3  461  -8 

SuUivantii 

8 

Aplofiapfins 

liiria 

33 

Abrotanum 

464 

Syriaca 

10 

ai  ine>  ioidi's 

3  329 

Iloolccri 

3i^ 

Absinthium 

464 

tuberosa 

5 

cilialiis 

327 

humifusa 

3" 

annua 

465 

variegata 

9 

Jttai  ira/iis 

33" 

laleiifloia 

35 

biennis 

4''5 

verticillata 

12 

Nullallii 

328 

maciopbylla 

35 

UiRelovit 

468 

viriditlora 

"4 

riibiginosiis 

328 

Michauxii 

33 

borealis 

462 

viridis 

I ; 

spinii/osits 

329 

pat  u  la 

34 

cana 

468 

Asclepiodora 

3    "3 

Al'OCVNACKAI-; 

3    1 

peploides 

36 

Canadensis 

462 

deeumbens 

"3 

Apocynutn 

2 

Pilcheri 

34 

capilli/olia 

.107 

viriilis 

i.i 

aiulrosaeinifoliiim     2 

III  bra 

37 

caudata 

462 

Ascyrum 

2  428 

caiinabinuiii 

,1 

"  marina 

,17 

dracunculoidfS 

463 

Crux-Aiidreac 

"  fjlabcrtimum 

Sajaneinis 

32 

i  lie  ana 

4t'3 

2  428,  4-i4 

liypi-iicifoliuiu 

sirpyllifolia 

3" 

filil'olia 

3  463 

liypcricoides 

2  ,(2S 

pubc'scc'iis 

J 

si/ttarrosa 

ii 

friifida 

404 

stans 

428 

Apof;iin 

Mricta 

^^ 

Klauca 

4<'3 

Asimina 

49 

Immilis 

3  26.5 

Texana 

.14 

Kuaphalodes 

407 

triloba 

49 

Aquilegia 

2    57 

III  fill  i/oliiz 

21 

(Jioriilandica 

4f)2 

Asparagus 

I  428 

brcvislyla 

58 

vcrna 

33 

malricarioides 

4I)" 

ofTicinalis 

42S 

Canadf  iihis 

58 

Aretliusa 

1  409 

Kansana 

466 

Asperugo 

3    Oi 

tiavijlota 

58 

l)ulbosa 

469 

hjii^ifolia 

467 

])roi-nn\bcns 

61 

vulKaris 

.S8 

s pica  la 

481 

l.ndnziciana  var.  407 

Asperula 

226 

Arabis 

2    146 

scf  Pogonia      1 

467  8 

I'ontica 

3  4''6 

arvensis 

227 

alpiiia 

I4S 

Argcmone 

2   lOI 

procera 

4'>4 

odorata 

227 

bracliytarpa 

I.Su 

alba 

I"I 

scrrata 

407 

Aspidium 

hulbo'sa 

'3' 

albi/lora 

loi 

.Stelleriaiia 

465 

sec  Dryopteris  i 

13-18 

Caradfiisis 

149 

iiileriiiedia 

l"i 

tridentata 

4f.8 

Asplenium 

I     22 

am /ill  is 

"5" 

JUxicana 

IDI 

vulRari^ 

46^, 

acrosliolioidos 

26 

cleiilata 

148 

Aixi'iiilliamiiia 

Arum 

antinstifolium 

24 

/)iiii,i,'/usii 

13" 

li  II  mil  is 

3"5 

Piacoiiliiim 

1  ,v',i 

Hradkyi 

26 

glabra 

1,5" 

tiieiciii  iaiiiia 

m 

li  ipliylliim 

.161 

ebeneuiit 

23 

hirsiita 

a  149 

Aria 

2   .MO 

I'lixinii  inn 

.1'>2 

ebenoides 

23 

Ilolbocllii 

■5" 

Arisaema 

I  .;6i 

Aruncus 

2  '97 

Filixfoemina 

2'i 

htiniifusa 

"47 

ahiiriiheiis 

.101 

I  Spiraea  in  part ) 

fontanum 

2S 

latvi({ata 

149 

Dracontiuni 

3'" 

Aruncus 

"07 

niontanum 

2S 

"  laciiiiata 

■  49 

tiipliylliiiu 

,1*" 

sylvisler 

i"7 

parvuluni 

2,i 

"  I'.mkci 

149 

Aristida 

I   131 

Arundinaria 

I  -';,i 

piniiatilidum 

22 

l.iiili'iii  iiiiia 

147 

Aiiiii  iraiia 

",V> 

nuici  ospcrma 

■^^^ 

platyiHUron 

23 

lyiala 

"47 

basir.iinca 

".14 

ttcta 

-\i3 

;  liiz  iplivlla 

-M 

]iaUiis 

148 

dcsniantlia 

".17 

Arundi) 

Kula  muraria 

2i 

pel  fotiala 

",S" 

dichotonia 

"33 

J'eslucacea 

2oq 

lhelypleroide% 

::t) 

piliaia 

116 

dispiTsa 

l.?6 

t'liiaf;iniles 

1S4 

Triilionianes 

24 

ii'lro/'iaila 

■5" 

ilivaricata 

3  5"2 

lecla 

23,1 

viride 

24 

r/iomOoiiitu 

fasciiulala 

I  i.V-' 

see  Calamagrost 

18 

Astirella 

piiip 

l.i" 

>;racilis 

",i3 

I 

16.  vr. 

Hvslrir 

I  23,; 

Tlialiana 

If' 

laiiala 

",15 

Asarum 

I  53« 

I  'iiginna 

129 

X'iiKiiiica 

"47 

laiii^a 

"  35 

ac  uniinatum 

3  5'3 

Aster ' 

3  354 

Araci:ai. 

I    3(H1 

oli^r.'intha 

"3S 

anfoliuni 

I  5,1" 

acuminalus 

376 

Arai,iaci:ai, 

2  5".S 

puri)ura.sciiis 

"31 

(JaMaiUn>ie 

53> 

adscendens 

37" 

Aralia 

5"5 

purpurea 

"35 

mairanthum 

sy) 

amhii;uus 

37S 

liis))i(la 

507 

r.iniosissinia 

"3t 

refle.xutn 

3  5'3 

anu'thystinus 

,167 

miiiicaulis 

S'JO 

stricta 

I.Vj 

"  ambiKUum 

5' 3 

a  ng  II  si  us 

383 

"  prolifera 

506 

tubereulosa 

',lf' 

VirKinii'Uin 

I  5,i8 

an  nil  IIS 

389 

quinqiieliilir 

.5"7 

Ariskii.ociiiaccai:  537 

Ascm;i'iai)aci;ai'. 

3    4 

anonialus 

302 

raceiiKisa 

,S<  i^> 

Ahstolochia 

I  5,19 

Asclepias 

5 

argenleiis 

37" 

spiiiosa 

,S"6 

Cleniatitis 

5»" 

artiiaiia 

II 

a/.ureus 

,1')2 

li  ifolia 

5"7 

niacropliylla 

51" 

auriculata 

'5 

be/lidiHorus 

377 

Arbutus 

Serpentaria 

54" 

brailiyvtcpliana 

1 1 

billarus 

^l* 

alpina 

2  573 

Sipliii 

540 

Cm  null 

10 

bifions 

,180 

Ufa-  (Jr%i 

572 

tonientosa 

54" 

ddumbens 

6 

canesiens 

384 

Aiifulhobium 

Ariiieria 

Jh>iii;lasii 

10 

carniisinus 

35f' 

miinilum 

»  5,15 

7'iili;ai  i'^ 

2  595 

exallala 

0 

caruens 

377 

piisilhini 

.535 

Arnica 

3  47" 

Floridana 

15 

"  ainbigiiiis 

378 

is 
It  5 


530 

(•.ENIvKAL    INIU'X 

or    LATIN'    NA 

\I 

i;s. 

[Vol 

" 

III. 

Aster 

Aster 

Aster 

Avena 

I 

172 

Clayton  i               3 

.^S« 

niacropliyllus 

3  359 

uudulatus 

3  365 

eldliiir 

I 

173 

"  crisi)icaiis 

,^5^ 

"  apriceusis 

3''" 

"  abruptifolius 

3f'5 

fatua 

'73 

comniulnliis 

,1«" 

"  bi  form  is 

300 

"  loriforniis 

365 

Jiavescriis 

'7' 

(.'uMcinnus 

3^9 

"  excelsior 

3'K> 

"  loniuatus 

365 

mollis 

17" 

cordifolius 

,a6.? 

"  pin^uifolius 

3(10 

"  triaiiKularis 

365 

pahislris 

17" 

"  alvi'arius 

3fM 

"  sijuiictus 

360 

uropliylliis 

3''5 

J'iuiisyliain\a 

'7' 

"  Kiirbishiae 

?f^^ 

"  velutiiuis 

3"" 

vermis 

39" 

Smithii 

172 

"  1)1(1  stis 

,^f',i 

major 

3  3^>7 

I'illoSWi 

379 

s pi,  old 

174 

"   Idl-Ziad/ll.i 

.V'.^ 

miser 

3>*" 

vimitieus 

3«' 

striata 

172 

"  IniitfDldliii 

■Vj,^ 

"  i;loiiiri<llus 

3^" 

"  Columliiaiuis 

3«' 

Azalea 

1 

.557 

"  pidicellalus 

3f\i 

Missourieiisis 

37H 

"  folio'ius 

3«> 

(  A'/iiidixiriiilroii 

"  polyt'tplialus 

:■<(':■> 

Itlflltt'StUS 

3'>7 

violaris 

3'" 

in  part ) 

Cl'lllil/KllllS 

377 

inultillorus 

3«' 

tirv'iliis 

3''9 

arborescens 

559 

coiyinlK)Mis 

3.'i7 

"  lOiiltlllllilllf: 

3^1 

viridis 

357 

ciileiiiliilaci  d 

559 

lurvesci  ns 

359 

"  slrir/htiiills 

3'^i 

ASTK.RI'AI: 

3  2^N 

canescens 

.S5S 

"  oviform  is 

359 

liiultifonnis 

3'" 

Astilbe 

2 

i6<, 

Ills  pi  da 

559 

"  iiitibellifortiiis 

359 

Nibraskensis 

375 

bilein  ita 

17" 

/.dppoiiiid 

360 

(lift  IIS  us 

^•^' 

nenioralis 

375 

ill  .a  ml  Id 

170 

Intea 

559 

"  Uni  snulfiis 

3S,, 

•  niakui 

375 

Astragalus       2  363, 

20 

llllltid 

3'>" 

"  hi f ions          3 

3,So 

iiobilis 

3'" 

(Fhaca  in  part) 

nudillora 

55S 

(livaricalus 

Novae  AiiKliac 

3(1(1 

aboriRiuorum 

2 

c^'X^ 

pilosa 

,5'>2 

.VS7.  .W6.  ,182, 

392 

Novi  Ik'luii 

370 

adsurtfcus 

2il<) 

prui  iiiiihfii\ 

5^3 

"  cyiiiulosiis      3 

.v57 

"  Allaiiticus 

37" 

alpinuH 

3"4 

viseosa 

559 

"  rurlilolius 

357 

"  Itrittonii 

371 

bisuU-atus 

30.) 

"  glauca 

,Sh(J 

"  (lilloidiiis 

357 

"  eloilcs 

37" 

caespihisiis 

306 

Azolla 

I 

35 

"  foiiliiialis 

357 

"  litoreus 

37" 

camfieshis 

3"S 

L'aroliniana 

35 

"  ptrsalims 

357 

Xiilliillii  /■"(■iitl 

372 

Cdiiadciisis 

298 

Baccharis 

3 

3' 13 

Dniiiimoiulii 

3"t 

oblongifolius 

3(16 

tarii'sus          ibT,. 

207 

iiiiiiiislii'olia 

.W4 

(Imiio'^ii'i 

37" 

"  11  i;i  till  Ills 

3W1 

Caroliiiianus 

2 

2(;8 

fuel  id  11 

306 

"  coiidirolius 

377 

paUiilosus 

375 

idiyoidrfiiis 

297 

liali  mi  folia 

394 

"  stnctior 

.>'  / 

lianiculatus 

377 

1  \'i)/ieii 

3"5 

glotnerulifolia 

394 

dinies 

37" 

■'  acutidc;i-i 

37S 

ciassiiatpus 

297 

negUela 

394 

fni<ir/o/iiis 

x^^ 

'■  biUidinorus 

377 

distorlus 

3"3 

salieina 

.393 

cricoides 

379 

"  siniplt.x 

377 

Diuiniuoudii 

290 

"'isi  osd 

,196 

"  l'iiiii;lfi 

37'' 

pilt-ns                3 

;65  6 

ildlliiidl  fills 

301 

WriKlilii 

39 » 

"  (Upaiiptr.iUi-i 

37v 

])  itulu>< 

3(.> 

ileKans 

3".i 

Bahia 

3 

447 

"  i)arvicips 

.*7<) 

pniiliilu^ 

3H0 

l'liUli^<llll'i 

202 

opiio-iitifolia 

44H 

"    pllusus 

379 

phlogifolius 

^66 

fb'xuosus 

3"^ 

lldldiiiii'i 

442 

"  i)lalyptiyllii-; 

379 

polyplnllus 

3:» 

fi  It; ul II  s  A  iiierii  d u  u s 

lllllllold 

443 

"  /'ii SI  11  us 

379 

pri-nanlliuidcs 

3«''-< 

2 

3"4 

lialduinid 

442 

'■  Kaiidi 

379 

"  porriclifiiliu- 

.v,s 

gracilis 

302 

Ballota 

3 

95 

"  I'lllosiis 

379 

I'tiuKlii 

379 

llVdIillUS 

3C(, 

nigra 

'/> 

i-vwafius               3 

351 

ptarniii'oidcs 

37''> 

Hypoglottis 

299 

HAI.S  AMlNACl;  AT. 

2 

("3 

fxilis 

.V-2 

'   UUf-i'i-ns 

3:6 

Kriili  I'phyl'.i 

31/) 

Baptisia            2  264, 

263 

I'axniii 

M^ 

Ijuiiici'us 

367 

lotilloru-^  ' 

3"! 

alba 

267 

l-ciulliTi 

372 

"  lirmus 

3' 7 

IHl'tll  IhH.l  1  fills 

301 

austr.dis 

2fi>; 

jii  miis 

o''7 

"  hlf-.li  il  litis 

3f'7 

Mcxicainis 

207 

braeteata 

2^)6 

!!•■  iioiiii': 

3S2 

"  luciilulus 

yi.S 

micidli  bus 

3' '- 

IcueatUlia 

2C17 

li'liaceus 

37' 

pui  puralus 

3"9 

Missourutisis 

3"" 

UuiOplldCd 

2 

)5  " 

/■'/lil/ll.\US 

3«' 

Kadula 

374 

iiiollissiiuus 

2q8 

mollis 

264 

f ureal  us 

35^ 

"  billiirus 

374 

IlllllllflillllS 

3"5 

tinctoria 

266 

KlOUKTiilUS 

35!^ 

"  sli  iiliis 

37 1 

piclinalus 

300 

villo-ia 

2fl6 

Ktacilis 

.S7  ^ 

1  iiniiihisiis  var. 

3"*' 

pill  II  f  III  1  fill  ins 

305 

Barbarea 

2 

121 

graiiiinifolius 

3S7 

rosciihi-^ 

•^rjo 

I'latleusis 

2 

297 

liaibarea 

122 

Kriiiulitlorus 

372 

1  tIsfllS 

3  3*56 

raceuiosus 

3,  Ml 

jiraeeox 

122 

llervc yi 

37t 

saKitlifolius 

:M 

Knbbinsii 

3"4 

stricta 

122 

liirsuti'c-aulis 

3,So 

"  di^^silifl(lrus 

3"5 

•'  Jisufii 

3"t 

■.■iili;dris 

122 

Ililll-illllilllS 

;S,) 

"  tir()pliyllus 

3"5 

si'iiidleuciis 

3"7 

'■  iiriiiala 

!22 

liu  III  ills 

3''2 

salicifolius 

377 

Sliovtianus 

3"' 

Ihll  kllillisid 

ianthiiius 

3'-' 

"  stc-iiiipliyllus 

377 

Iciiellii  V 

3'  '5 

1:111  lid  ill  Old 

3 

270 

iiicanopilu.-ius 

3S' 

"  siil)asptr 

377 

Tennesseensis 

298 

Bartonia 

lll/il  HIIIS 

392 

Sclireberi 

359 

Iriiii, Hilly  I 

207 

Moseri 

2 

621 

junctus 

3'" 

sirioeus 

3'' 

li  ipliyllus 

306 

leiiella 

621 

lai-vis 

,■;'«) 

Slioitii 

362 

Alhdmdiila 

verna 

62t 

"  amplifolius     3 

3"9 

simpler 

377 

Cliiiieii'is 

2 

512 

Virginica 

(121 

'■  I'oloniacfnsis 

3^ 

si)ictabilis 

373-4 

AlOoiinsid 

lldrloiiid  I'nrsh. 

laiici-i'ldliis 

.W 

sliiiiiftlivllus 

377 

Iriiiei  via 

3  443 

see  Mentzelia 

2 

4.5S 

lalcrillorus 

3S0 

si  rid  us 

374 

Allierol>i>i;nn 

Bartsia 

3 

■><3 

"  Klotncri-llus 

380 

siiluisfier 

377 

iilit;i  sidcliyiis 

I 

I  So 

adiiiiiiicila 

|8„ 

"  jjratidis 

3S,, 

subulatus 

?''^2 

Atraofne 

2 

7" 

alpina 

IS<3 

"  lioriziintalis 

3S0 

surculosus 

373 

( Cli'iiialis  in  part 

) 

coninea 

179 

"  peiidulus 

380 

tardiflorus 

3f,H 

Americana 

7' 

()donliles 

•»3 

"  lliyrsoideus 

^So 

laiiacelifolius 

3«4 

Atriplex 

I 

57'^ 

/Id  lis 

I.iiidli-yanus 

364 

tciU'broBUS 

357 

arenaria 

579 

Z'ermiruidid 

I 

584 

"  exiniius 

3'U 

tenuifolius       3; 

7.  3«2 

argentea 

,579 

Batrachium 

2 

«3 

linai  li/ii/iiis 

yn 

"  hellidi/loriis 

377 

caiicscens 

580 

(h'dUUllilllllS 

liiii/iiliiis 

3S2 

tortifoliuH 

354 

expansa 

.57') 

in  part  1 

loiiKifolius       371, 

37" 

TradescatUi      3; 

8,  ,',.Si 

bastata 

57« 

divaricatum 

S4 

"  villicaulis       3 

371 

lurbinellus 

3  374 

lilloralis 

57*^ 

hederaceum 

«4 

I.owrieaiuis 

^(^^ 

iimhtllaliif 

392 

Nuttallii 

580 

trichopliylhim 

84 

"  BickntUii 

3^13 

"  laliMius 

392 

patula 

57H 

liaise  hi  a 

"  lancifolius 

3'i3 

"  pubeiis 

392 

rosea 

57* 

eaiieseeiis 

3 

65 

lucidus 

368 

Unalasclieiisis 

Alio  pa 

Carolinensis 

65 

niacropliyllus  357 

359. 

major 

367 

plivsalojes 

3 

125 

G  met  ill  i 

65 

I 


■si 


1  172 

>  K.\ 

'7.1 
171 

'7' 
'7' 
'7' 
172 
"74 
172 

2  ,S57 


,Si'1 
,S(x) 

5SS 
5' 1 2 
5''1 
55<) 

I  '.IS 

.V5 

3  v>^ 

1         .vn 

.W4 
Ha        .W4 

.-^94 
5<).^ 

3  447 
a  M^ 

1(2 

44? 

442 

3    95 

./, 

i..\i:   2  .i>i,; 

2  2(j4.  2^15 

2')7 
26s 

2^>7 
2' 15  " 
2fi.l 
2W) 
2')6 
2  121 
122 
1  22 
122 
I  22 
T  22 

«        3  279 
2  621 

fi21 
021 

021 


2  458 

3  '»<3 

183 
179 

1  584 

2  83 


84 
84 
84 

65 
65 
65 


Vol..  III.] 

GENKRAIv  INDHX 

OF   LATIN   NAMKS. 

53« 

Beckmannia 

I  iSi 

lligflouia 

Brassica 

Bupleurum 

iiuoiieformi!* 

181 

uiidiila 

3 

325 

aiha 

2 

"7 

rotundifoliuin 

2  529 

llflien 

nic.M)si.\ei;.\K 

3 

■9S 

arvensis 

119 

111  KM.\\.\I.\Cl;.\l- 

>  4.55 

:  II /cat  is 

2      9 

Bignonia 

K>S 

caiupe.stris 

"9 

Burmannia 

«  4.S5 

/li/iiiii,anJa 

lafiretdala 

1<).S 

juiicea 

liH 

l>i  flora 

45«> 

('/iiiifnxis 

«  454 

Caliilpa 

ly* 

Napus 

"9 

Bursa 

2   '38 

Bellis 

3  3^9 

cnicinira 

Mf^ 

niKra 

118 

1  Cafisilla  1 

iiittKrifolia 

3.S" 

radii  a  lis 

3 

190 

oiienlalii 

3 

515 

llursa  pastoris 

',19 

inniinis 

3S" 

senifierviieii'i 

3 

'>'>5 

pfi  loliala 

515 

fiilslori  ^ 

'19 

Benzoin 

2    <>S 

lomeiilosa 

3 

'57 

Sinnfiislnim 

1 

no 

llnrsliia 

/.imtr.ii  1 

lileih  n  11  in 

Brauneria 

3  419 

liumilis 

2   ,504 

Ikll/nill 

1     9.S 

I'iiviiiii  'iin 

I 

2n 

(  l\iliinacra  1 

Butneria 

2    95 

iMcll-isacfoliuiii 

.>s 

Blephilia 

3 

'"5 

pallida 

420 

fertilis 

95 

111  mil  KiD.xci ..M-; 

J    s<, 

c'llialH 

'05 

purpurea 

420 

florida 

0,5 

Berberis 

a    .si) 

liirsula 

105 

III  lira 

»ix.\ci:.\l; 

2  .184 

.\i|iii  folium 

<^) 

iifpe/oidn 

'"5 

liiiinilis 

2 

116 

Cabomba 

2      4' 

Canadinsi- 

yo 

lllelia 

Breweria 

3 

20 

Caroliniana 

4' 

1  r/tfiis 

90 

iifhylla 

I 

\M 

(inc.      Hon  a  mi  a 

in 

Cacalin 

Siiii'iisis 

90 

Blitum             I  571. 

57*' 

part,  and  Six 

iisina ) 

See  Vemonia    3 

.V'2-4 

vulgaris 

90 

ISoniii  llenticii<i 

a(|uatica 

3 

21 

all  ifilii  ilolia 

474 

Berchemia 

2  4.i( 

I 

57) 

Iiuinistrata 

20 

it'itiloi'inis 

473 

schikUmi-* 

401 

capitatutn 

57*' 

I'lckerinuii 

21 

Miaii-olens 

475 

ruhihilis 

4"  I 

cheiiofiodinidis 

577 

/.';  ii  kellia 

liil<i  rosa 

474 

Beigia 

2  -l.VH 

li  III  III  inn 

571 

aiandillnia 

3 

.11 1 

CvciACEAi: 

a  460 

Tixatia 

4.V'< 

.\iillalli(iiiiim 

574 

Briza 

I 

I'dj 

Cactus 

461 

Berlandieia 

3  4'J<) 

1  iihi  iim 

571 

Canadensis 

21 1 

/;•;.>  1- 

464 

Ivrala 

41" 

Hoihfia 

nie<lia 

199 

/'lagilis 

4''4 

Ti'xana 

41 ») 

cliiysiiiillii'iiioi 

/,■,, 

minor 

19-) 

li  II  nil  Ins  lis 

463 

Berteroa 

3  1.5^ 

3  45.1 

III  i::'/n  mm 
sei'  Distichlis 

mamillai  IS 

462 

'  A.'fssiiiii  ill  part) 

Boehmeria 

I 

5,11 

I 

l.,.S 

Missoiiiitiisi-i 

462 

iiuMiia 

151 

cyliiidrira 

5,11 

IlKi  iMi.i,i.\i.i:.\i; 

I 

.174 

'  siiiiilis 

462 

Berula 

2  5,^8 

Bultonia 

3 

,551 

Bromus 

1 

219 

Ofiiiiilia 

4f'3 

iini;if;li/i'!ia 

5,(8 

astenjidis 

■IS  2 

arveiisii.s 

3  .5"'' 

viviparus 

462 

tricta 

5,18 

dtrniriiis 

.IS.i 

asper 

I 

220 

Ciifiiolm 

3  .W> 

Betonica 

3    98 

dilTiis  I 

352 

breviaristatus 

22) 

CaKSAI.I'I.MACKA 

■; 

[SIn.livs  ill  part  1 

glasUMia  va' 

.?S.l 

brizaeforniis 

22,1 

3   256 

olTiciiialis 

90 

latisi|uania 

,1S-' 

ciliatus 

210 

Caesalpiiiia 

I!Kni..\ci;.\i; 

I    Si/) 

Hiiiiaiiiiii 

ereetus 

2?o 

Fall  aria 

3   2,S9 

Betula 

I   ,S..S 

.sire  Bteweria 

3 

?ol 

uivanli'iis 

2|H 

/iimisii 

2.59 

tiiha 

5'i.'^ 

l!i)RAr,i\.\ci:  \i; 

3 

.SO 

liordeaccus 

2L'2 

Cakile 

2  117 

Aliiii!tetti!ii 

512 

Borago 

<i7 

Kaltnii 

221 

.■Imcriiaiia 

"7 

.\liiiis              5 

2.  5M 

oliioiiialis 

OS 

Madritelisis 

3 

5,/, 

edenlnla 

1 17 

Klaiuluioi-a 

I  ,SI() 

Borrirhia 

3   42" 

iiiii/lis 

I 

222 

Calamagrostis 

I   165 

Ifiita 

5'" 

fnilf-^ccii" 

421 

I'otteri 

221 

art'iiiiria 

160 

lutt-a 

510 

Botrychium 

I 

2 

fyiiigaiis 

?I0, 

221 

/iii-rifiilis 

166 

Afnliaii  III 

5>' 

borcalc 

2 

raocniosu.s 

I 

222 

breviseta 

164 

nana 

5"' 

dissti'tuiii 

3 

491 

Scliiadii  i 

22  ( 

C.inadeii-is 

"',> 

iiiK'ra 

5<J<) 

griiii/r 

I 

4 

s"calinu.s 

222 

eilinoides 

'"5 

iiicidiiitatis 

5ofl 

lanci-ol.iliiin 

I 

Mliianosus 

2^3 

coiifinis 

165 

fiafiyimra 

5":y 

I.uiiaria 

3 

i-terilis 

221 

l.appoiiiia 

"IS 

]).i|)yrifLM,i 

5"9 

niatricariaefolium 

,> 

tictonim 

220 

I.ainfidottii 

104 

IH)i)iili  folia 

,s.kS 

siiiii)lf  X 

2 

utiioloides 

221 

Ikiii;  Ilolia 

107 

I>liiiiila 

511 

ttrnaliiiii  and  \ 

ar 

Broussnnetia 

I 

520 

Maeoiiniaiia 

"M 

ziiiiiis             5 

2.  51.1 

13 

3 

494 

p.ipvrifera 

529 

lunlecla 

'OS 

Bicuculla 

2  m;, 

\'iri;iniaiuim 

I 

-1 

Itiiiiiilla 

.\'iillalliana 

"'5 

(  l)ii:eHlra  • 

Bouteloua 

I 

I7'i 

sie  Prunella 

3 

.ss 

I'likei  iiigii 

164 

CaiuKlciisis 

104 

ciirlipiiidula 

I.H,, 

Brimnichia 

I 

568 

I'ortcri 

'64 

Cuciillaria 

104 

liirsiita 

180 

cirrlu  i-;.i 

56f> 

roltiisla 

l6,i 

exiinia 

104 

oUt("stacliya 

iSo 

[iryanlliiis 

slriila 

"is 

Bidens 

3  436 

inifiiiiisi! 

iSo 

ia  xifolius 

2 

5'')5 

svhuiliia 

'64 

(inc.  Coi  fo/isis  in 

/liljiillid 

Ihiilihi,- 

CalainiiiHia 

parti 

aroiiifi/'olia 

2 

'77 

dail\  liiidrs 

I 

'8? 

Clinopodiiiin 

3  '"8 

aristosa 

3  44 ) 

li  II  nil  lis 

470 

Buchnera 

3 

172 

gla/irlla  var.  A' 

III. 

lieckii 

44" 

Brachyactis 

3 

.1*^3 

Aiiierioana 

'72 

3  '"9 

biilontoidts 

■\V^ 

(  Aslrr  ill  part  1 

Oinadensis 

7- 

oflirinalis 

10.) 

liipinnata 

4.?9 

anifu-tiis 

^8.-, 

Hilda 

\Nllall:i 

io.> 

cermia 

4,?7 

Brachychaeta 

3 

34H 

Ihiit-ali^ 

2 

37 

See  Clinopodium 

coniosa 

4.?  7 

10  id  III  11 

.vl9 

marina 

37 

3 

108-111 

connata 

4.?7 

spliacilata 

349 

minor 

37 

Calamovilfa 

I  166 

ilir\sn>illieiiloi( 

irs  436 

Brachyelytrum 

I 

1.(6 

riihrtl 

37 

bievipilis 

166 

coroiiata 

3  439 

ari.ilaliiiii 

146 

Bulbilis 

I 

'83 

lontfifolia 

167 

(liscoidta 

4.V^ 

crectuni 

146 

1  llllllllo.) 

Calceolaria 

2  45''' 

frondosa 

4VH 

Itracliylohiis 

dactyloides 

'83 

[Solea) 

aiacilis 

442 

liisfiidm 

2 

'25 

Hiilliai  da 

verticillata 

4.s6 

iiivolucrata 

44" 

Ilrailiyris 

ai/tialica 

2 

164 

Calla 

X  ,363 

lacvis 

4.16 

draiiiiiciili'ide.', 

3 

320 

Bumelia 

2 

.595 

palustris 

363 

tricliosperma 

4.19 

11  rac  In  Sinn  on 

densi  flora 

596 

sairillae/olia 

362 

"  tenuiloba 

4.19 

see  Koellia    3111, 

"5 

lanuRino.sa 

5'/> 

Callicarpa 

3    74 

Bigfloz'ia 

Bradburya 

2 

332 

lycioides 

596 

Aniciicana 

74 

Engelnianni 

3  327 

( Ceiilivsema) 

11 11  Ilia  s 

Calligoniim 

grai'eolens 

326 

Virifiniana 

333 

edenlnla 

2 

"7 

canescens 

I  580 

Hoifardi 

,V6 

Brasenia 

2 

42 

BuphUialmum 

Colli  opsis 

nil  da  la 

325 

pellala 

4i 

frulcsceiis 

3  421 

lardamine/olia  3  432 

"  vtrgala 

326 

purpurea 

42 

lielianllioides 

4'2 

Callinhoe 

2  418 

uiiiligulala 

311 

Brassica             2 

"; 

•-18 

Bupleurum 

2 

529 

alceoides 

418 

M 
-*/?■ 


m 


53-^ 

CKNKRAI<   I.Nl)i;X 

Callirhoo 

Capnoides 

(liKititta 

a 

4i8 

i-ryslallinum 

107 

tiivciliicrata 

(19 

cMiivisiliiimim 

107 

triaiiKulatii 

41') 

naviiluiii 

lU. 

Cai  i.n  itiiiiAci:. 

VI-: 

iiiicraiitliuiii 

Ml 

3 

^Xi 

inoiitaiiiitn 

107 

Callitricho        3  .01, 

A7" 

s«-miHrvirciis 

<<'5 

Aiistiiii 

3«2 

Cai'I'akiiiaci;aic 

a  >M 

iiiilinnnalis    ^ 

•12, 

471) 

Capiiii  id 

l>ilUla 

i 

•,H.. 

Xiiilioloides 

3  if'S 

littiKipliylla 

,<>*J 

miilli/iiia 

159 

p.iliistriH 

^^i 

CAI'KII  Ol.IAClCAE 

3  227 

III  ifslie 

3^2 

Capi  ifoliiim 

•.■eiHii 

.•,S2 

Pmiglassii 

2.(8 

m  iiti/h 

.V"<2 

1;  III  III  in 

2,17 

Calluoa 

2 

.S7.1 

Capiiola 

«   '75 

vulKaris 

.S7.1 

( (  V«.'i/i'//) 

Calochortus 

I 

421 

Dactyloii 

'75 

Ciimiisimii 

422 

Cafisella 

Nutlallii 

422 

Itiii  sapaslot  is 

a  '39 

Calophanes 

3 

2111 

ellipiicii 

',v^ 

(ihloiiKirolia 

2112 

Cardamine 

3    127 

Cal'>f'iii;iiii 

an  iiiciila 

129 

puliht'llus 

I 

4S11 

liellidirolia 

M" 

Caltha 

2 

51 

liulbosa 

131 

nal)0llir<)lia 

5' 

Cluuatitis 

'3" 

natans 

52 

lii>ii.i;lasii 

'3" 

pahislris 

■SI 

llexiiosa 

129 

Cm  VCANTHACEAi; 

liirsiUa 

128 

2 

94 

"  svlvalica 

120 

Calvian/ltus 

95 

l.iiiim'iciaiiti 

147 

fniiUs 

95 

parvillora 

129 

Jim  iiliis 

95 

purpurea 

'3" 

j;  la  II  (lis 

95 

I'tiiiisylvanica 

12S 

liieviffa/u!: 

95 

"  III  illoiiiana 

12.H 

Calycocarpum 

2 

9.^ 

pralciisis 

128 

I.yoiii 

9.i 

liiitiiihiiiJea 

131 

Calyiiiiiiia 

rnluiulifolia 

>3' 

aii,i;ii\li/\'lia 

I 

5i|i'i 

spallnilala 

'47 

Calypso 

I 

177 

II II  ill  II  HI 

135 

hiiiealii 

477 

1  '1 1 XI  ill  it'll       I 

?9.  '47 

biiDiDsa 

477 

si'i'  Dentaria     a 

132-3 

CalXil<\i;ia 

Cardiospermum 

2  4"3 

SI- fi  ill  in 

3 

2? 

Ilaliiacabuni 

4"3 

"  fiiihrsrens 

2,S 

Cakihai.  KAi; 

3   2'K'* 

sfiilliniiiafii 

26 

Carduus 

3  4«4 

Ca  III  a  is  i a 

(inc.  Cii siiiiii  ami 

I'insrii 

I 

42  i 

('nil  II i  uiosti 

V  ) 

Camclina 

2 

l.W 

altissiiiius 

3  485 

miorooarpa 

3 

515 

aivinsis 

489 

siiliva 

2 

H9 

crispu-- 

41/1 

s]/:v\/rii 

3 

515 

discolor 

48.S 

Cami'anii.aci:ai:3 

252 

Ilillii 

4S8 

Campanula 

252 

laiK-fiilatiis 

48.S 

Aiiuiicana 

255 

Afiiiaiiiis 

490 

ai)aritu)icles 

251 

niutiiiis 

3  489 

hi  tioi  a 

25'-) 

"  subpiiiiialirK 

us 

divaricata 

255 

3  48'! 

Jif.riiosa 

255 

Ni'hraskfiisis 

4.S7 

EloiiU'rata 

25 1 

uiululatus 

4>(, 

till  ill- 1  in  var. 

25,> 

nutans 

489 

prifi'liala 

25'' 

ocliriiLcntrus 

4^7 

rapmicnloiiUs 

254 

odoratus 

488 

Hitiiiulifolia 

25.? 

I'ilcluri 

480 

"  iilpina 

2.Si 

riattinsis 

487 

"  I.aiiKsilorf. 

3 

25,i 

p  II  nil  Ins 

4S8 

''  vLhilina 

25,^ 

spinosissinius 

48S 

tinifloii 

2.S1 

uiululatus 

48I, 

Comptosorus 

I 

21 

"  rueuaci-plialus    4S(i 

rhi/cpliyllus 

21 

VirKiniauus 

486 

Campulosus 

I 

177 

Carex                i  2 

84-36.J 

( L  U'liiiim  1 

aliacta 

292 

aromalicus 

'77 

abbrcviata 

321 

Caiiitiyloceia 

acutifonnis 

3'>3 

li-ploiiii  pa 

3 

2Sf' 

adusta 

357 

Cannabis 

I 

SV> 

aestivalis 

317 

saliva 

53" 

alata 

350 

Canliia 

alhii  ^rlifi)lia 

332 

(ii;.i;rei:ala 

3 

39 

albicans 

331 

loiii;ijlura 

3S 

albolutesccus 

359 

puiieeiis 

3« 

Albursiua 

329 

Capnoides 

2    I 

J5-7 

alopicoides     344,  34s 

( Coiydalis) 

alpina 

1o6 

aurvuMi 

lOf'i 

altocaulis 

326 

"  occidenlale 

II 17 

aiubusta 

297 

LATIN    NAMi;S. 


[Vol..  HI. 


351. 
I 


il9, 


Caiex 
amphibola  I 

an^'Hslalii 
iipri  la 

ancrps  var.  i 

aiiuatiliM 
arcta 
arctata 
a  I  Ilia 
aretiaria 
ar^  yianlha 
ariHtata 
.Vsat'.rayi 
AsHiuibojtiensiii 
Atlautica 
itliala  oralii 
alratiforiuis 
alii'/'ii.sia 
a  11  re  a  29.S 

Uiirkii 

llaileyi  i 

Haiial 
lliilnidi 
IUila-:ilUi 
Hieknellii 
bicolor 
Dinelovii 
Ilia  mill 
Ihnilliana 
brotiioides 
brunuesceus 
bullata 
/III  villi II mil 
caispilosii 
canesceus 
capillarin 
capitata 
Cart  yaua 
Carol  i  11  iaua 
castanca        1 
ciplialiiidea 
eepli.ilopluira  i\\, 
eliorilorliiza 
Collinsii  I 

iiiiiiiniiiiii 
coiuosa 
Ciinipaila 
eoiiriuna 
conjiitRla 
ciinoidea 
(■1  isia  la 
eostellata 
Crawei  ,;2,1, 

crinita  .514, 

ciisUila 
cristaliUa 
Cms  lorvi  i 

eiyptocarpa 
cm  la  var. 
cuspiilala 
Davisii 

ili'I'ilis  ,',2i), 

dicoiuposila         i 
delle.xa 
Dtwtyaua 
digitalis 
distaiis 
DnUKlasii 
J)i  iinininHiliana 
durifolia 
ebiiriiea 
I'cliinala  var. 
ICleiicliaris  i 

Junniiinsii 
exilis 
exleiisa 
feslucacea 
lilifolia 
tiliforniis 
filipcndnla 
llaccosperuia 
flava  32.3, 

Jilxiiis 

foenea  3.57. 

foUiculata 


32' 
to8 

y^ 
327 
}f*) 
352 

320 

355 
.142 
357 

3112 

293 

319 
35' > 
3116 
31/1 
'?i^}i 
33' 
S^i^ 

2'/.l 
312 
28  » 
291 
\iM 
331 

3"J 

327 

,136 
354 
.15' 
298 

.3"7 
352 

,12" 

3.1'' 
328 

3'7 

(2i> 

3l8 
34'i 
31' 
292 
,133 

.1"! 

2<y) 
332 
.142 
325 

3"> 
3'6 
,16" 
3' 5 
357 
.157 
343 
3'4 
35' 
3" 
3>8 
321 
313 
.334 
354 
328 
324 
342 
3.1-< 
?!?,* 
,?32 
35" 
31''' 
.131 
34'^' 
.123 
.1,59 
319 
,305 
3'4 
322 

324 
3' 9 

358 
293 


I  3>8. 
I 


294. 


321. 

I 


3?o. 


Catex 

rurnioHa 

I''raiikii 

l''raseri 

I'tasci  iaiia 

fulva 

fuHca 

X'ii,'iiiilt-a 

j; lain  a 

Klareosa 

(Clauca 

Klauciidea 

X'iiilniiaris 

("■(lodetiovii 

/;iacilis 

Kraeilltiiia 

Kl'.iiidis 

Kianiilaris 

Kravida 

(iiavi 

Rrisea 

Kyiianilra 

^'yimcrales 

//alcana 

/laid        294,  :i,i2, 

llariii 

llayileni 

Ileleonastes 

liclenislacliya 

liirsiila  316, 

liirta  '    I 

Ilili'lu-uekiana 

l/iippneii 

Mou|>lituuii 

livpci  hoifii 

liyslneina 

iiK-urva 

Ulterior 

iutuiuesccus 

ii  lii^iia  I 

Janie-ii 

/\'nii  \irini 

laertiniiica 

laKopina 

laK<M""'<<>i'1i'!^ 

lanuKiuosa 

laxiouliuis 

laxillora    ,522,  327 

I.eavenworlliii'    I 

Uutieularis 

leporina 

leptalia 

limosa  313, 

littoialis 

livida 

lonnirostris 

I.ouisianiea  1 

Inpiiliforuiis 

lupnliua 

liirida 

uiaonikolea 

Ma^ellanica 

iiiareida 

tuaritiiua 

VIII  I  iina 

Bleadii 

media 

nieinliranacca 

luenibranopaeta 

Michaii  til 

J/ic/ian  I  lana 

inicioglnchin      i 

mil  iacea 

luiliatis 

viiraliilis 

uiiKaudra 

nioiiile 

.Mulileubergii 

iiiuricata 

Jluskiutfuniensis 

mnlica 

iiardiiia 

Nebraskeusis 

uiuro  marRiiiata 

Norvegic.i 


295. 

I 


320 

3,16 

,1.1" 
324 

.3"7 
295 
321 
.353 

3' 5 
322 
29.1 
3""  I 

21  lo 

.5 '7 
2</S 
322 
.345 
29.1 
xii 
3' 5 
.14" ' 
322 

2(^1 

M^ 
3'7 
.K'6 
325 
3'" 
.1"5 
3'" 

3li 
.\?<> 
291 
M.^ 
.137 
32" 
.1"2 
,15.1 
.1.5'- 
.1<>5 
329 
32<( 

34'( 

.i"f) 
3.5'' 

319 
.13' 
3' 2 
.131 
.1'9 
294 
294 
294 
299 
3'5 
.113 
341 
3' 4 
344 
327 
,134 
2<)<i 
29*1 
202 
2(>2 
28,S 

3" 
296 

3,s8 
3' 2 
297 
3 1" 
348 
355 
322 

340 
.1''8 

!l35 
.151 


III. 


1    JUS, 


-^94. 


ir 


Vol,.  III. J 

(iKNIvR.M,    lM)i;X 

-1'    I,.\TIN    NAMI 

■',S. 

5^^ 

Catex 

Carex 

Caatclleja 

(  Vli/.H  . 

Novae  AiiKliat    i 

,}2» 

tciiera 

I    v-iS 

pnlliila  var. 

3 

1.X.1 

pumila 

i    2.S" 

iiblit.i                   1 

,?21 

l('iilanil(i!it 

21 K) 

Mpliiili  ioiia/i\ 

ISO 

srni/ina 

25.1 

Oeiliri 

\i.\ 

tc'iiiiiHora 

4.52 

si--silill(>ra 

IS, 

"  inoiilana 

211 

Ohifvi 

-"17 

ti'imis 

420.    421 

Citabrosa 

1 

1U( 

I'll  i;  ill  laiia 

252 

•  ■/ii;iui//iii 

2«.i 

Icrctiutcula 

111 

ai|natica 

I'll 

Cil.llo,l,:.:i 

nlJKdiMrpa 

P.S 

tt'l.iiilca 

.*2'p,  .V7 

Catalpa 

3 

I'lll 

hir:  nil  Islala 

J    233 

ciliKiisptriiia 

2' IS 

TixfiiHis 

41," 

hii;iionioitlei 

11)1) 

Ci;k.vi(ii'1im,i,.\l' 

.m; 

ii.-i/W 

,V»J 

I'lirnyiina 

41S,  42 1 

Catalpa 

Kl-I 

3    46 

1                    oxyliptH 

.1l« 

Tornyi 

424 

(onli/'olia 

2m  1 

Ceratophyllum 

46 

J                     jmiU'sci'iis 

.(24 

torta 

41".  4'4 

spi-v  iosa 

2(.n 

di  imiMiiM 

4'' 

/)||/(/(/.M(J 

.1",* 

tribiiloidcs 

4S'i.    .557 

Caiicalis 

2 

51" 

Cercia 

2   2S'> 

paiiicia 

Al" 

trircp'i 

.11".  3' 7 

.\iitlirisiiis 

.>!  I 

Caiiadcii^i^ 

257 

r.iriyaiiit 

3"7 

tiicluicarpa 

,4"2 

nodosa 

5I" 

Cercucaryus 

3   223 

Iiaiu'iiliira        j.->,i;. 

202 

trispi-niia 

45,'- 

Caul  mi  a 

p.irvillnrus 

22,1 

pL'tlidUata 

Vl< 

T\u  kriinani 

2i).H 

II,  1  i!ii 

I 

Hi 

Ciiisia 

/'r.i-ll 

4.(4 

lypliiiKiidc 

.i"2 

(•ll,lil<llll/;ll\i\ 

S( 

//ni/iiiis 

I    I./-. 

pediiiiotilata         I 

.t,U 

unibt'llala 

I  445 

Cauluphyllum 

2 

111 

Cereiii 

IViiii'j'lv.mica 

.444 

iitriculata 

21.17 

tliallctirM<|(  s 

!»' 

Ciiripi.'oiii:. 

2  461 

picta 

44(' 

III  siiia 

,iM 

Ceunuthus 

2 

I"7 

-.'11  itiifloi  ii\ 

.\(o 

jilatilaKiina     Un. 

4,V) 

I'alilii 

3"" 

.\tntricatiii- 

4"7 

ChAerophyllum 

3   .SS'I 

i)latypliylla 

.(.P 

vaKiiuilit 

32') 

OIHlllS 

l"7 

lirocuinlH  lis 

5-"i 

poiliicarpa 

41.1 

varia 

444.  ,vn 

civatiis 

l"7 

"  .Slmrtii 

52'l 

f>(llV\lcli/l\i'      .'0|, 

f.S2 

•fniiila  minor       ^21 

■  ))ub(  scelis 

1"7 

\'i/t;iiiii 

52S 

polyiiiorplia 

32(1 

vci  iiu\ua 

3' 5 

Cebatha 

2 

9.( 

Tiintnrieri 

54" 

(>i>lvli  iihitiUci 

.4.W 

vistita 

.('M 

1  Cot  1  III  IIS  1 

Chactopappa 

3  .451 

Poilcri 

^l.s 

viresccns 

U<>,  320 

Carolina 

'II 

asteriiiiks 

.V5I 

praccox 

4.4.S 

viridiila 

421 

Ccilioiia'la 

modesta 

351 

piaiira                 I 

444 

vii!i;at  ii 

3"9.  4"" 

rortliilii 

3 

8(, 

Chamaecistus 

2   .5(M 

pra>ina 

4" 

t'ii//>iiia 

442 

Ci;i..\STR.\i.i;.\i. 

2 

.i94 

1  /.I'l^iiriiria  1 

pratctisis 

,;vi 

vulpiiioi<lca 

»  415 

Celastrus 

395 

procninbens 

2  ,5'M 

P-ii'tiili)  Cypcius 

Waltciiaiia 

,4"! 

si'.iiulens 

.49<' 

sri  pyllihilia 

563 

I     ,58 

.i"". 

4"! 

WilldiiKivii 

347 

Olosni 

ChamaecypariH 

ptycliucarpa 

44" 

.\'ii/iif>fiiiis 

3t'» 

pillllCUhlUt 

I 

5<li 

^/iliiirroidi-a 

.5') 

pubi'si'iiis       ,^17, 

.VV'> 

xaiithocarpa 

44  S 

Celtis 

I 

526 

tliyoidcH 

59 

piilla                '.'<i5, 

2C.6 

xanlliopliysa 

202 

Mississippicnsi 

s 

527 

Chamaedaphne 

2  57" 

Rat-ana 

ao.s 

xeraiitu-a 

3.5.5 

occidentalis     5 

26. 

527 

'  Cassandra  1 

tainosii 

444 

vfKHai  pa 

;,i),S 

piimila 

52'. 

calycnlata 

570 

rarillora 

,U2 

Carpinus 

I  ,5(16 

Cenchrus 

I 

127 

Cham'aelirium 

I  .102 

Kcdduskyana      i 

.t4'> 

Caroliniana 

.5(i<i 

Cit  oliiiintiiii 

127 

( 'iirolhiiainiin 

402 

;v7)  <»(//; ."'(/ 

.i'''l 

ri>Xiiii,i)ni 

.5"7 

raieino^ii 

KM 

hiteuin 

.(02 

icUulUxa 

4t7 

Carum 

2  535 

Iribuloides 

127 

Ciamaenerion 

3  480 

letrotsa            ?94, 

2.|S 

Canii 

,535 

Ccntaurea 

3  491 

1  /■:pllo/iii/in  in 

part) 

Kicliaiclsoiii 

442 

Cm  ya 

Americana 

492 

anniistifoliiini 

4S1 

ligitia 

.VX) 

aiha 

I  485 

hrnrdiclii 

4<14 

latil'olium 

4S1 

rijiatia 

4"4 

aniara 

4.S5 

Cakitrapa 

I'i4 

Cliainari  nplii^ 

rosfii 

447 

0/ i  :'(if/h  1  in  1  \ 

4«4 

Cyanus 

.I'll 

fiUiiica 

1    126 

1  Oil  rata 

2^2 

po'lllIU 

4.S7 

Jacea 

492 

Ilalica 

•27 

niptstri^ 

.•>.4f< 

/oiiifii/osa 

,86 

niura 

492 

verlicillala 

12" 

sabiiloia 

4.SS 

see  Uicoria 

I  4S.V6 

Cf  11 1,1 11  If. 'In 

••iiidis 

126 

salina                \u\ 

4" 

C.\l<Y(ll'llVI.L.\Cl:\K  ' 

VillHI 

2 

621 

Chamaesaracha 

3  '.44 

Siilliieiisii 

42'' 

2       6 

Centella 

2 

541 

conioides 

'44 

Saitwellii 

44'' 

Cnsidiiilin 

(  llyiiiocolyli  in  part  ,1 

Coronopus 

141 

saxatilis 

2.(6 

lalniiliilii 

2  57" 

.\siatica 

54' 

soidida 

'4.i 

fcabrata 

.4"4 

Cassia 

2    2i7 

Ci  nil DM'iiiii 

Chcilanthes 

'     .4" 

.scahii,<r 

44'' 

Cliainaerrisf; 

I              2.iS 

/  'iiii'liiittiin in 

2 

444 

Alalianiensis 

4" 

Scliwiiiiitzii        i 

1()0 

"  robusta 

2.5H 

Centunculus 

J 

,5"4 

dialbala 

32 

scirpoidea 

4.1 7 

fascHiilala 

25."! 

rnininuis 

59.1 

gracilis 

31 

scopaiia            ;5'i 

3.SS 

Marylandiia 

2.5S 

Cephalanthus 

3 

216 

lanosa 

3' 

setaoea 

446 

nicti'tans 

2.S7 

occidentalis 

216 

laiiii);iiiosa 

31 

seti  folia 

442 

obliisifoliii 

2,58 

Cfphiiloplioi  a 

tomcntosa 

;| 

Sliorliana 

4"4 

occidentalis 

250 

sciipo.sa 

3 

440 

Chelidonium          2 

IU2'-,1 

siccata 

4.S.S 

Tora 

2.^S 

Cerastium 

2 

2.i 

diphyUinn 

102 

silicta 

4,S^ 

Cassiope 

2  5''5 

alpinum 

27 

C  lane  ill  III 

"J4 

Smilliii 

4>" 

liypiioides 

,565 

at/iialiiiiin 

20 

majus 

'",! 

\                     sparKanioides 

44S 

tctraRoiia 

,566 

arvense 

27 

Chelone 

3  149 

\                     squarrosa         V'l, 

.',02 

Castalia 

3     44 

bracliypodnni 

26 

J)if;ila!is 

152 

t                     sliiliilala  vat. 

.VSo 

'  Xympliaia  ' 

"  compactuni 

27 

Klal)ra 

149 

■iloiolr/ih 

,4'" 

I.cihnxii 

45 

ccrastioides 

28 

liirsiila 

'51 

steiiopliylla         i 

441 

odorata 

44 

I'isilitiianuiH 

27 

I.voni 

1,5" 

sterilis 

45" 

"  rosea 

44 

^lotniialinn 

25 

obli<|iia 

15" 

Sleiidiiii 

,V>7 

pudica 

44 

qiinliinellinn 

20 

I'enlslcmon 

152 

stipat.i 

443 

pyf;maii 

45 

loni;ipeduncnlat'm  26 

Ciii:.soi>oi>i.\ci;.\l 

straininea         ,3,=;S 

-,4(3" 

tetraRoiia 

45 

nutans 

21 1 

I  ,569 

stria/a 

4"4 

tiiberosa 

44 

ohloni;i/oliii  m 

27 

Chenopodium 

570 

stricta 

3,  ,8 

Castanea 

I  514 

semidecandnim 

2.S 

album              57 

0,  ,57' 

s/n'i/iiir 

421 

dentata 

515 

li  if^ynnin 

28 

ambrosioidcs 

I  575 

styloflexa 

328 

ptintila 

515 

lri:iale 

26 

anthelminticuiu     575 

stylosa 

4"7 

I'esca  var.  Ainer.    .si.s 

viliilinuiii 

27 

Berlandieri 

572 

subspatliact  a 

4'" 

Castilleja 

3  178 

viscosum 

25 

.  26 

Ilonus  llenricus     ,S74 

stibiilala 

292 

acuminata 

I.S<i 

vnlgatiim 

2,= 

,  26 

Moscianum 

572 

Siillivanlii 

3>7 

affinis  var. 

179 

Cerasiis 

Botrys 

574 

supina 

3.48 

coccinea 

'79 

(iemissa 

2 

-'53 

capilalutii 

576 

syclinocephala 

560 

indivisa 

"79 

^fahaleh 

252 

Kremontii 

,572 

tenella 

346 

minor 

«79 

J'ennsyli'anica 

252 

Rlaucum 

571 

t'  i\ 


53  ♦ 

Chenopodium 

li>tiiiil\ini  I  S7.\ 
UptDplivlliiin  ip,  571 

Will  iiimuiii  I  .sM"! 

muUilidinit  y,u 

iiiiir.ilc  57) 

|inlv?'i>i-iimim  571 

>,.'/'.»»  .11  5H1 

mill  u  111  ,571 

iirliiiiiiii  ,57,1 

It  iilr  570 

Chimaphila  3  55; 

!.'(  I  itilh'Mi  SS) 

iiMi'iihita  ,S5) 

umlK'llal.i  ,5,s| 

Chlmcinanthus  3    ns 

ChiogenoB  a  sM 

lll^I)lllula  s^i 

filftitllUil  ,5>'l 

u  )  f<vllil.'lia  sHi 

Chionanthua  3  ihjj 

\'itt{iiiii.M  00.1 

Cliii  I'liui 
SCI'  Sabbatia  3  ('xk;-!? 


(•.i:ni:r.\i,  inhiix  oi'  i.atin  n\mi:s. 


Chlons 

(  HI  lif'i  iiiliila 
vcrtiiillata 

Chnndrilla 
jiiiKca 

Chondtophora 


'7'' 

17M 

3  =7" 
270 
3  .^25 


( liiK'lnvia  in  part) 


M(J  »  <(V'.1(J 

mulala 
"  virRata 

ClKiKllKTAI.Al; 

Chrosperma 

( Ainiiiiilhiiim ) 
mii'-tai  toxi(  uiii 
Chrysanthemum 
H  ret  i  cum 
lialsaiiiila 
f;>  aii(ti/h>t  iiiit 
i  nod  It  I II  III 
I.cHcaiitliftmim 
I'artlu'iiiuni 

i;i};anlrii 

Urainiiii/i'lia 

Hilda  la 

liiiiiiiilnsa 

viigala 
Chrysogonum 

\'iiKiiiianum 
"  (U'litatnm 
Chrysopogon 

avfiiactus 

nutans 
Chrysopsis 

aiha 

caniporuni 

falcata 

J^'OSSVfll'lHl 

er-tminifolia 

liispida 

Mariana 

Nuttallii 

pilosa 

Rtenopliylla 

villosa 
Cbrysosplenium 

alternifoliuni 

Aniericannm 

of>f>osili/iilium 
Chrysothamnus 


.12,'i 


Cl'igelozia  in  part) 


,'W5 
,(;(. 

yii 

.|".^ 
1  457 
457 
45^ 
4511 
459 
457 
45« 

.  ?,"?> 
\\~ 
SIS 
.■5,12 

1  4"H 
■V) 

41  H) 

"M 
"■'4 
l"4 

1  .122 

M(> 

.124 

32,1 

.12,1 
,122 
325 
,123 
32.5 
325 
324 
324 
181 
181 

iRi 
iSi 
326 


graveottiis 
Howard! 
nauseoBUS 
Cicemiia 
cxallata 

ClCHORIACE.VK 

Cichotium 
Intybu.s 
"  divaricatum 
CicuUi 


326 
326 

608 
261 
262 
362 
262 
5.« 


CicuU 

liull>ifira  3  5,V' 

niai'iilata  .5.i'< 
:  iio„i  null  II  III  lit     si'i 

CImlcifuga  3    5'i 

Aincriiaiia  57 

riiKlil'iilia  57 

/'iiliiiiila  72 

rai'tniosii  si< 

"  (lissfcta  50 

(iiii  1  til  la 

iiiaiiliina  3  4'^. 

/t.ilmliit  IM 

Clnna  i  1 5H 

atniiilinaica  i.fJ^ 

t:iit>ii,  lalii  io2 

/tilt  I iilh  iiij 

l.itilolia  1,5^ 

fifiiUiilit  i,5!l 

Circaea  3  4(,(| 

alpina  ,v>> 

I.utdiana  49<j 

Cl  I  SI  II  III 

si'f  Carduua  t,  pvw 

lliti  I  idlillllll  !•>!< 
O.f.tHt 

A»if>ilo/tih  3  11.' 

f /«;;.(  |12 

ClSIACK.M-;  3  4,Vl 

t '/)/;/( 

CaiuidiHsis  4411 
Citrullus 

Citnillus  3  3.5' 1 

Cladium  i  2.H1 

niariscoidis  .'■*! 

Cladothrix  r  511J 

laniiKiiiDSa  511.' 

Cladrastis  2  2''4 

Oil!;  I  a  IIS  2f'4 

Intra  2()4 

liiiiltnia  264 

Claytonia  3      2 

Cariiliiiiana  1 

Clianiissiii  ,1 

laiict'olata  ,1 

perfiiliata  4 

Viririnica  3 

Clematis  3    (t- 

A<l<iis(inii  (if) 

C'tUr\l>jiiini  67 

crispa  68 

coidala  68 

cxlindiicn  t>8 

l''rt'iiiniilii  70 

III)  siilissiiiia  (.7 

liiruslii'ifolia  6."^ 

ocliroleuca  'I'l 

ovata  60,  79 

nichni  3    68 

Scottii  70 

seiina  60 

Sinisii  6X 

-<terliiil/ari.ti  71 

VirKiniana  67 

Vioiiia  '<) 

viornioidt'S  60 

Cleome  3  155 

dodiiciiidra  157 

iii/ii;i  i/o/ia  1,55 

lutea  I.s6 

pi  11 II  lilt)  ICK) 

piingens  15,5 

serrulata  155 

spinosa  i.ss 

Cleomella  3  1,56 

auKUStifolia  1.57 

Ci.ETlIR.ACICAB  3  548 

Cletbra  .548 

acuminata  .549 

alnifolia  548 

Clinopodium  3  107 
(inc.  Calaminlha) 

AcinoB  3  109 

Calamintha  log 

glabniin  109 


Clinopodium 

ttlalK'lliiiii 

I  III  II II  inn 

Ni  |nta 

viilitaic 
Clintonla 

Iniri  ali- 

(  h'lillll 

liiiihi  i.'iilti 

unilii'lliilata 
Clltoria 

Mari.iiia 
/  ii^tiiiiiiiia 
Clvfeit.'ti 

ii/y.sstiidi  1 

mill  III  Ilia 
CnicuH 

•-<  e  Carduua 

liinrilulii^ 

//('/  ;  idiil ii\ 

fniinilits 
Ciifciiliis 

I'll  I  It/ 1  iiif 
Cochlearia         1 

.li  iiiititiiia 

I  'iiiiinttftii\ 

iihliiiniiff/ia 

offioinalis 
Coelopleurum 

(inirlini 
Ctti  I 

dill  hl'iitlis 
ColeosanthuR 

I  /)';  /.  krllia  ' 

irraiKlilliirns 
Collinaia 

parvillnni 

vcriia 

violacea 
Collinsonia 

CaiiaiUiisis 
Collomia 

liiuaris 

sfi-  Cilia 
C«//)itdi..  Ill 

liilil'oliiiin 
Comandra 

livida 

pallida 

unibfllatn 
Cttniiii  <'fi.i/s 

/'lanai  itiide\ 
Comatum 

pahiMrt- 
CiiMMl  I.IN.VCI; A 

Commelina 

ai;iai  III 
iiininiunis 
till  III  a 
erect  a 
hirtella 
ltiiii.'il'ti/ia 
nudi  flora 
V'irRinica 
U'llldent'vii 

CdMroSIIAK 

Comptonia 

aspleni  folia 

pereKrina 
Comi'|:kai; 
Conioselinum 

Canademe 

Cliinense 
Conium 

niacu  latum 
CoDobea 

multifida 
Conoclinium 

corlfslinum 
Conopholis 

Americana 
CoHOslylis 

Americana 
Conringia 

orientalis 


3  iiM 
II  I 

li,H 
MiS 

1  U^ 
42« 
.W<t 
\"> 

42'( 

2  HI 

.U4 
.*,13 

3  153 

■,13 

3    I'M 

3    P5  'I 

4<il 

4M^ 

4S8 

2     'II 

11.1,   114 

127 

I '3 
ll.S 

11.5 

2  5211 
5211 

I     ()8 

3  313 

.11 1 

3    1.55 

1.56 

1.56 

3  123 

123 

3    41 

42 

.18- 4" 

I  1,57 

I  5.1'' 

537 

.sifi 

53f' 

3  21S 

218 

3   217 

217 

1:  I  374 

375 

375 

,175.  376 

.18" 

,175.  37^' 

I  375 

.175 

375 

376 

37''> 

3  2q.S 

I  488 

480 

.(89 

1  49 
3  512 

512 
512 

2  .531 
532 

3  1,50 
159 

3  3' 3 

3  iq*) 

197 

I  446 

3  515 

5'5 


[Vol..  III. 

ContiDKia 

pel  htliala  3  .515 

Ci'W.M.I  VKl  xtl'.AK 

'   127 

Convallaria  hi 

hirttti.i  47  i 

ittininiiliihi  411 

majalis  431 

iiiiiint  Ml  42<) 

slilliila  4311 

hilit/i.i  .(vi 

CuSVn|,\  II   \l.l.,\i: 

3    "I 

Convolvulus  21 

iii/iialii  Hi  21 

aiven-is  26 

('a  lit/ inns  3,% 

linnii\lialHS  211 

incanUH  th 

JaponicuH  25 

panduiiilm  i\ 

I'll kii  initii  21 

pill  pill  III  i  24 

repcns  2.5 

scpinni  an<l  var.       2,5 
spilhaiiiiHH  2*1 

L'liiiy.a 
asleittid'  s  3  ,154 

hi  fill  in  la  .15  ( 

liiiil'flta  ,V5l 

Cooperia  i   1 1 1 

Iiiiinniiiiiidii  hi 

Ctipiitsnuiiiiliii , 
liiili  ici  IIS 
lamni/flius 

Coptis 
tril'dli  I 

Coiallorhiza 
Curalliirlii/a 
I  una  la 
Mai  >  III  i 
niulliflura 
(>il(int(irlii/a 
striata 
Wistcriaiia 

Core  ma 
C(  111  radii 

Coreopsis 
alleini  folia 
ai  islala 
arislosa 
aniea 
aurirulata 

/tidlllS 

hidinloidn 
cardaniinelolia 

lOI  itlhllil 

crassifolia 
(U-lpliiiii  folia 
disciiiili  ii 
Krandi  flora 
lanceolata 

"  aiitfnsti folia 

"  villnsa 
inToliitiiilii 
major 

'■  Oenili  >  i 
palniata 
puhesccns 
rosea 

senifolia  var. 
tinctoria 
sltllalii 
tripteris 
verticillata 
Iricnsperniti  var 
li  ifidii 

see  Bidens       3 
Corispennum 
hyssopifolium 

CORNACKAK 

Cornucopiae 

altissinia  i  162 

liiimalis  i6t 

perennans  161 


J    119 

4.1'y 
2    5,1 

54 

1  477 
17* 

47.«. 

47'» 
47'' 
47^^ 
470 
I7H 

2  ,18,1 
S^-\ 

3  431 
431 
44" 
440 

4,39 

415 
437 
4,1^ 
112 

3  1.1" 
131 
433 
I3S 
435 
131 
431 
431 
44" 

3  433 
431 
43? 
431 
43' 
43.5 
432 
433 
435 
433 
4.19 
441 
43'>-4'i 

1  581 
.582 

2  542 


Vot 

.III. 

3  MS 

vel.  VK 

I   t.'7 

tu 

n; 

1  1  1 

t  ^  1 

I.U 

i--» 

•U" 

»3" 

UlAH 

3    "' 

-j'> 
»< 

//  ^ 

ji. 

S" 

25 

// 

? 

2t 

.'5 

<1  var.       25 

1- 

21. 

3  .VM 

,vSl 

i^^ 

I    ttl 

idii 

in 

lllll.y 

I    HO 

11! 

\S<) 

2     51 

51 

>  477 

i/a 

17" 

■t7> 

I 

17'* 
•17'' 

i/.a 

47« 

470 

la 

17S 

2   ,<><,••, 

,;.S4 

3   15 1 

lia 

45' 

44" 

440 

4,19 

a 

115 

157 

,/,•> 

45S 

K'fol 

ia       n2 

/ 

3  15" 

ia 

151 

I'olia 

455 

(/ 

t5S 

nra 

455 

ta 

151 

-lifol 

a        451 

a 

451 

r.ilii 

44" 

3   155 

rri 

455 

45^ 

lis 

451 

43' 

a  var 

455 

a 

452 

455 

4 

455 

lata 

455 

mill 

var.     459 

441 

ens 

3  43f>-4" 

um 

I  581 

ifolium        ,s8j 

AT. 

I  542 

t>iae 

ita 

I  162 

is 

161 

ans 

161 

Vol..  Ill] 

Comui 

a  I  ha 

iilttriiirolia 
.\tiioniim 
UH])!  rifipliii 
It.iiU  VI 
CaiiiulnisiH 
caiKliiliiKitiia 
ciri-iii.ita 

IiiiiiniiKiiiiIii 

floridii 

pa  III  I II /a  la 

nil;  ma 

sericfa 

titotoiiirtra 

Kiriita 

Sui  riiii 
Coronilla 

varia 
Coionopus 

I  Sftirfitfi  il  I 

Cciroiiopiis 

(liilyiiiiis 
Ci>>  Viliii'i^ 

Ciiiiiiilrii'iii 

Klaiiiii 

Mf  Capnoides 
Corylus 

AtiiitiiMiia 

t«».|rata 
Cotinus 

(  A7;»v  in  part ) 

Aniei  iiiiiiiis 

cotiiiiiidis 

CiitiiiU'' 
Cotoneastcr 

( t  'laldtxii^  ill 

I'yraiantlia 
Cracca 

(  Tiphiosia  I 

lii'-jiiiliila 

si)icata 

VirRiiiiaiia 
"  liiildstricfa 
C'aul.ui 

Uiifiila 
Ctassina 

I  //  n  >i  ia  1 

Kr.indillcpra 
Crassiiaciai; 
Crataegus 

apiil'nlia 

ai  hill  e\crns 

CdCL'inea 
••  HalK-Uata 
"  i>lii;andra 

ciirdata 

Cms  ll.dli 

flava 
"  piihe^cfiis 

fir  \  isfiina 

j,'/aiii{ii/(isa 

inacracaTitlia 

tiiollis 

Oxyacantlia 

paivifi'lia 

popiiii/olia 

punctata 
"  caiiescttis 

Pyracaniha 

raceiiiosa 

rotuiidi  folia 

spatliulata 

spicala 

suhfillosa 

tonientosa 

iiniflora 

Vailiae 

viridis 
"  nttida 
Crepidiiim 

glauciim 
Ctepis 

biennis 


i  51 -■ 
515 
51'' 
511 
514 
545 

5n 

515 
541 

51'' 
511 
515 
515 
511 
511 
515 
51'i 
511 
J  5111 
5"" 

2  in 

2  115 
"5 

2  lo| 
I  "5 


5"8 

589 

2  215 

part  I 
215 

3  2l|2 

295 
2>I5 
292 

2  521 

3  4" 

41-' 
3  1115 

3  259 
2.(2 
2^2 
242 
2(2 

-n? 
2.(1 
2((J 
244 
24  » 
211 
2  15 
245 
24.! 
241 
244 
241 
241 
2(1 

2  2(5 

237 

245 

240 

258 

245 

244 
244 
245 

242 
242 

3  280 
'111 


»;i.:ni;r\i,  indix 

II'    LATIN    NA.MI'S 

,S35 

Crepii 

Cuiciita 

Cypctui 

KlaiU'a 

3  i^' 

i'iilvK"n"riiiii 

3  .^H 

en  iilariH 

«  »4.5 

iiitt-ritit  dia 

3^1 

/'///( ///  ( >  mill 

2<) 

pill  :ii^ 

2(2 

itinlii  atili  ( 

jO, 

iiiHtrata 

.V> 

pin  iiiiil.'d.  ( 

2(1 

oicidiiit.dis 

i^i 

li  iiinlliira 

21) 

|)>.t  llili)VeurtliH 

258 

/)i//l  iiioipha 

2^1 

1:  Uiilii 

2H 

re  fiailii'. 

2(1 

luilclira 

JH,, 

tiiIl,'!    11,'a 

.1" 

V(  Irnft.lctUH 

2|1 

niiK  iii.ila 

2.H<1 

Ct'i  III!  lull  iia 

rivniari* 

2lh 

trl'tiirutll 

2HI 

1  iiiilliiilnlia 

3  2"! 

ri'innilns 

J\i1 

viriiiH 

2X1 

Cyclanthera 

3  251 

Si'lnviinit/.ii 

258 

0  nliii  ia 

di-'.(i.l.i 

251 

\fl'lllhli  1  II  \ 

2|7 

III,  1  iiir,l 

2   .Ul 

Cycloloma 

«  57'' 

SIHl'IIC^US 

2(2 

Criitatella 

2    1  Ml 

alriplii'ifiilia 

,577 

Hlri({cisiis 

215 

)atm  sii 

IS'i 

pliihtilivlliiiii 

577 

■/.■/ 1 1  [  1 

24.5 

CrotalatiA 

3   S'.7 

Cymbalaria 

3  Ml 

Cypripadium 

«   457 

aiha 

2''7 

Cynilialiiria 

1  11 

ar.iillf 

4.57 

";a/i^ 

2M 

C]\  iii/iiilniiii 

II I'm  III 

4.58 

riitiindifiili.i 

J(>K 

liyi'iii'ilr 

I     |M 

aii(  liiintii 

4,57 

sHKittalis 

2'.M 

ihIiIIIIkI  Ili-iUI 

4:s 

ll:llthi\tl  III 

477 

"  Il7'll/I1 

.''i" 

(lull  llll ill  III 

4s.. 

c.iiididiiiii 

45« 

Croton 

2    V>2 

Cymoptetus 

»  517 

liir-utiiiii 

4.58 

iM|(italiis 

3"1 

ai'anll'< 

517 

|>atv'(l(inim 

159 

KlalKluUi^UH 

:i''^ 

f:tiiiii  1  aim 

517 

pIlhiM  ,  IIS 

4,5>* 

I.iiidliiMMiLMianiiH 

niont.iiuit 

517 

ri'tjinaf 

4,58 

3  SI."* 

Cynanchum 

3    "' 

still  liihilr 

4.58 

lili>l1,itit!i(i;;yiilis  2   /i,! 

1  /  'inn  III  \  iiiini 

) 

Cvkii.i..\ci;ai: 

2  .189 

'I'lXl  ll^js 

.I'M 

('ill  I'll  miiM 

.     '« 

Cytilla 

58" 

Crotonopsis 

2   .C'l 

llll  III  III 

|S 

raceniifldra 

58) 

lint  aril 

.V'l 

iiiKnini 

I'l 

Cyrtorhyncha 

3       H5 

Cm  til  1  K.\i; 

2    l(),S 

uhl  11/ II II  III 

18 

( l\'iiiiii III  iihisin  |)art ) 

t'l'/iiiv 

\iihi  iiisiim 

17 

(  yiiihiiliii  III 

86 

\i  htietitiiilfs 

I    l|7 

t'VN  \KI.Al; 

3  .V4 

rannnciiliiia 

85 

\i/iiai  iii'ii 

1"  i 

Cynoctotium 

2  IK,S 

Cystopterlg 

1     12 

Cryptanthe 

3    V. 

1   Miliii'la  1 

Inilliifcra 

12 

1  h'ljiii/.  in  ill 

part  1 

MiliiolH 

(»  (. 

Irairilis 

15 

crassisi'iiala 

57 

pilii'liiliim 

OijCi 

iniiiitan.i 

15 

I'VniUeri 

57 

Cyiioitiiii 

Cytisus              2  2(>i,  271 

Cryptogramma 

1    ^.s 

l>ai  Ivlon 

>   '75 

1  lnnilhil'iiliiis 

2'^>5 

acni^iielioidfs 

25 

Cynoglossum 

3     51 

hC(i|)nriu» 

271 

Ciypliliifiiia 

ii;liiiiinaliiin 

5''< 

Dactylis 

I    2111  > 

L'aiiai/finii 

2   S\<i 

Mill  isiiiii 

55 

Klonifiata 

21  »i 

Cli  niiiiii 

oIlic-ilKllf 

55 

see  Spartitia     i 

175-7 

.1  nil  I  icilini III 

«    177 

plinslllll 

55 

Dactyloctenium 

I    1S2 

Cubetium 

2    1.5" 

\'irKiniciiiii 

,54 

AiKypliiiin 

182 

(.S.i/*-,/) 

Cynosciadium 

2  521 

Aii;\pliiii  mil 

182 

ct>nci)l<ir 

456 

(liMiiatnni 

S2I 

Diilrn 

3   2S7 

Ciuiihaliii 

Cynosurus 

I    21  Ki 

iiliipii  iirniilii 

28S 

llihin 

3        >l 

■  li  k'X/iliiis 

I.H2 

lillllieillnsil 

2H,S 

lit: 'ens 

9 

crislalils 

21  «i 

la  Mil  lira 

287 

si  ell  a  Ills 

9 

/mill  Hi 

ISI 

II a  nil 

3  517 

Cm  iinii^ 

Cyiilliiii 

pai  I'iliiira 

2  ,502 

fieiiiiiiK 

3  25" 

llilluill  iiill 

3  2''4 

villi  III, il 

290 

Ci  I'lKiiir  All  .\i; 

3  24'( 

/7;X'/«/c  (/ 

26.^ 

see  Parosela      2 

2M7-S 

Cucurbita 

251) 

Cvi'i;kai.i;ai: 

I    2U 

sec  Kuhnistera 

2Sq-ql 

fiKtulissiiiia 

250 

Cyperus 

•  25.1 

Dalibarda 

2   2i),S 

IVlHI 

25" 

acuiiiiiiatus 

25" 

/iii!;iii  iiiidrs 

2|S 

piieiiiiis 

2.5U 

ai  i\liiliis 

2,^7 

rejjens 

2"5 

Cunila 

3  n6 

iiniiii/iiiiii  riis 

247 

7iiilariiidrs 

205 

j^lahella 

iiij 

/liilil:,  iiiii 

246 

Danthonia 

1  '73 

Mariana 

II') 

1  nil  III  iiliis 

258 

.■)//,/// 

'74 

oriiranoidts 

nil 

C(iiiii)ressus 

25>'' 

coiiipressa 

'74 

piiliXiiiiili^ 

I()6 

cylind'-icus 

245 

(?labra 

3  5"3 

Ciipliia 

drntatus 

2(n 

sericea 

'  '74 

ptiiiilala 

2  475 

diandrns 

25' > 

spicata 

'74 

iiscosissima 

473 

ocliinatns 

246 

Daphne 

2  465 

Ciipiessus 

IvnKelnianni 

245 

Me/.ereuni 

465 

di  Willi  a 

I     5S 

csciilcntus 

241 

Pai  bya 

III  rmdi  s 

59 

crytlirorliizos 

241 

niiihrll  iiliilii 

3  515 

ClSCI   lAL'KAI-: 

3    27 

ferox 

242 

/)iiiliii!;liiiiiii 

2  255 

Cuscuta 

27 

/triiii^iiifsti'iis 

2(2 

Dasystoma 

3  '73 

arvensis 

28 

"filicuimis 

245 

(inc.  Gerardia  ii 

part  1 

Ceplialantlii 

29 

flavescens 

255 

Dnimnioiidii 

3  174 

cliloiocaipa 

28 

tlaviconuis 

2.17 

flava 

'73 

com  pacta 

31 

ftiscus 

2,W 

(frandiflora 

174 

Coryli 

29 

Orayi 

246 

laevif;ata 

'74 

cuspidata 

3P 

Halei 

I   241 

Pedicularia 

'73 

decora 

29 

Hallii 

240 

piibcsicns 

•73 

densiflora 

27 

Haspan 

239 

qiienifiilia,  vai 

•     '74 

Kpilinum 

27 

HouRlitoni 

246 

VirRinica 

J  74 

Kpitliynium 

28 

Hydra 

240 

Dalisai 

glomeiala 

3' 

inflexus 

237 

liiria 

3386 

Gronovii 

30 

I.flncastrieiisis 

244 

Datura 

3  '39 

indecora 

29 

Michaiixiaiiiis 

242 

Metel 

140 

inflcxa 

29 

nucrodontus 

257 

Stramonium 

139 

paradoxa 

3' 

Nuttallii 

236 

Tatula 

'39 

536 


C.I'M'RAL   INI)i:x   Ol'   LATIN   NAMJ'S. 


[Vol..  III. 


|i'      i 


Daucus 

liiVtII  /',  i!!l(S 

Decodon 

iiqiitili,  IIS 

virtii'ilhitii- 
Decumarin 

1i.'itli,it.i 
Delphinium 

.1/,,,/. 

it:iii  III  III 

Caloliiiianinii 

Coiisoliila 

I  viiilii:  inn 

Xelsiiiii 

trioonii 

uroi'i>laUini 
Pendrium 

■  l.,'i,'/>)i\'lhiiii) 

buMloliiiiii 
Dcntaria 

dipliylia 

lu-turi)l>lnil.i 

laciiiiata 

maxima 
Piiiliiiiii 

Xii iiki lit  iiM-i 
Detinga 

I'l  l/>/r.'tli  II, (I  ) 

Caii.iilrn'ii> 
Deschampsia 

alrDpiiipiin  a 

cai.-.])il(i>.i 

lU'xiiosa 
Desiiii  tiiiiiii 

Hill  l-.ICgiillhl 

tll<  I'Sil 

f'liiiiii/ii 
S<>f,/ii,i 
Desmniilliiii 
hin,  livli'hiix 

ll/>lnl,,hll, 

Desiih  ill  mil 
see  Melb^imia  2 

lit  II  1)1  i  11,1 1 II  lit 
Ciiiiiiiii'ii'i'  /ill  < 
"  /iiiii;t/i'/iiiiii 
ti/iiii  I 
I  lis/ili/il/lilll 
/mill/ inn 
/>■•!■,  II  t  III 

Mil,  ,'11 II  ill  III! 

Dianthera 

AniLiicana 

/ill  III  I,' IS 

nvat.i 
Uianthus 

ArtniMia 

l)arl(atii~ 

ileltoidis 

prolifer 

Sii.x  I n  ,isi,i 
Diapedium 

I  Di,  /if'hi  ,1  •■ 

biachiHtuiii 
l)l.\l't;SM  \L'l,\i; 
Diapensia 

hill  biiiiilti 

I^appniiica 
/liiifii  I  ill 

fiiii/i/i  1,1 
Diiii  1 11,1 
Oiiiri  liiiiii 

Amfi  iiiiiiii 
Diiiiili  ,1 

see  Bicuculla 
Dichouuia 
I  cvolvulai-i.a 
'   iifiiin 
Dichromena 

colorala 

latifolia 

/••III  ,;  if>/lillil 

Sicksonia 


2  5<*) 
SI" 

2   470 

■17' 
2  if^s 

l""5 


(Ml 

(1.1 

51.1 

5') 

3  ,=ii  I 

1  (11. 

5' I 

2  5(,j 

512 

2  i.U 

'J2-.? 

'.<.i 
I.f-'  .« 

•,i2 

3  i24 

2  5,1*' 


2  145 
"15 
"45 
"44 


i'.i-2n 

2  .^"4 

"/■3"7 
'i'7 

S21 

,!'7 
,U5 

1  1(1,5 

3  2"!? 
2.14 
2114 

2'>\ 

2  iS 
M 
20 
IV 
11) 
17 

3  -"'4 

2i)5 

2  5S2 
5^2 
5S<3 

3  ,W5 

1  icl'i 

I  I<).'. 

2  M4 

3  2" 
211 
211 

1  25' 1 
256 

257 

25(1 

I      12 


Dicksonia 

fiilosi lISi  lllil 

piincliliiliula 

nii/ii'iiiii 
III  III  /iiiifti 

Pi, /villi 

see  Bicuculla 
I)ii.i)IY1.i:iiom:s 
Didiplis 

(liaiidta 

//ill  ,11  IS 
lUi-l  villi 

Ciii  11//111  ill 
Diervilla 

DitiviUa 

li  i/iila 
Ih.'li'i  ill 

S,  i^i/i/l,il.) 

Di(;itali.s 

piii]>urc-a 
I  III:  iliii  1,1 

fi/ifniiiii- 

liiniilfiisii 

/iiis/<ii/,iiilr< 

Si!iii;iiiiiii/i': 
Diodia 

leiv- 

ViiKiiiiaiia 
l>i,'il,'iil,i 

hi,l,  iilniilis 
niiisc(iKi:.\i.i;.\i; 
Dioscorea 

vilUisa 
Diospyros 

Vnniiiiaiia 
/>i,'li< 

/.iiiiilii 
Diphylleia 

I  yiiiusa 
Diplachne 

fa.sciciilaiis 

/  ii;iilii 
llif^hif^mi 


I      1; 
12 

3  204 

2C1.S 


IO( 
4S2 
47" 
47" 
47" 

■"1 

242 
242 

i;i 
171 


I   III 

r 

lOI) 

1 1 1 

3  217 
217 

21S 


"ip/rpilp/lllS 

see  Di 


3  4:,s 

1  4,6 

4  17 
447 

2  yi" 
597 

1  5J*" 

2  <•! 
(Il 

I     ISd 

iqo 

3  322 


oellingeria 


3  ,Vt2 


;S'i 


III  Ill's,  Ills 
,  ,'l  III  fi'l I  Its 
/llS/iillllS 

/iiiiii  iif'ii/iif. 

niiiliill.ili" 
Diploiaxis 

imiialis 

tetiiiifiilia 
Iiiisxcim; 
Dipsacus 

I'llllolllllll 

"    Sillii'ltS 

sylvestlis 

/'//>/(  I  III  II  lllllllS 

/•il/iii  111 

t  i/iiisiis    var. 

j/ill  /(V 

";/.  Ill  Ill/ill  f 
Dirca 

(ici-iilentaHs 

paluslris 
/)/v,  ,111  till  I  ,1 

,1  ISM.  Ill 

Pisi'ifih-in  ii 

I  iifiilliii  I'll 

.\iill  ''ii 
Disporuin 

I  I'll 'III  I  Irs 

lanUKiii"suin 

tracliycatpum 
Distaaia 
Distichlis 

(  I 'mill, I  I 

uiiii  iliiiiii 

spicala 
Ditaxis 

{.■li.cvi,il/iiimiiiii ) 

humilis  ,^65 

mercurialitia  364 


.i')2 

.125 

3')-' 

2  I  Hi 

1211 

120 

3  247 
217 

248 


3   2')2 

2i);\ 
202 

2  46(1 
1(.6 

4(i'i 

3  2,il 
2  537 

5.V'< 

53S 

I  43" 


43" 

432 
35" 

iq8 
I.>s 
364 


Dodecatlieon  2  .sy.? 

Meailia  5114 

"  Kreiiehii  ,s<)4 

Doellingeha  3  iqi 

(  /)i/'/iifiii/ifiiis) 

II  nivalin /ill  II  3<)2 

liiimilis  392 

iiitirina  392 

/'III I  niiiniih'S  376 

iimliellata  392 

p.ibciis  3112 

n.'/iihiis 

Ciilimiv:  2  340 

fiii/ysliii  /iviis  33H 

r,'i;ii/iiiii  335 

Si  urn  sis  3411 

Dondia  i  584 
( SiirJii ) 

/.  laerieana  584 

ikpiessa  5.S5 

maritimi  585 

Pull  ill 

,  i/iiilii  3  327 

si/iiiiiii>sir  321 
Di'ioiiii  inn 

iiiiiii/r  3  471 

I  iiinniinii  3811 
Draba  2  140 

alpina  144 

lllU/l  I'silil'll  1)1 

II  iiilii.siiiis  142 
aiirea  143 
liraehycarpa  143 
Caioliniaiia  i  |i 
i.'ii/'nsii  142 
I'limil'olia  141 
I'Madiii/Liisis  141 
liisfiitliilii  i|l 
iiicaiKi  142 
iiiiri  iiiil/iii  i|i 
tiemorosa  1  )3 
nivalis  142 
raiiiosissima  1  12 
veriia  1411 

/>i  iiiiiriiii 

horni/is  i  42S 

II  in  hr// II  III  la  |2(| 

Dracoceph-jlum  3    S7 

I  ,,i  iliilmii  ,S(> 

ilriilirnliii  inn  iiii 

mil  I  niriliinii  iiii 

Mi)l(lavieiini  SS 

parvinormu  87 

s/ii'i  hisinii  89 

I'll  i;  III  ■iin  inn  Si) 

Di  iiionlnnn 

fiirlidinii  \  363 

I)ROSKl(ACi:Ar.  2    UK) 

Drosera  ii>i 

Aiiirririiii,!  Kil 

.■\iii;liiii  Iti2 

tUil'ormis  1(12 

iiitermedi  I  ifii 

linearis  1(12 
l<iiiK:il'olia  iiii,  163 
lotniulifolia     uu,  162 

Irniii/hliii  1(12 

Duri'ACKAl-.  2   24(1 

Dryas  2  222 

rliiiniiirili  ifi/iii       222 

nrumniondii  223 

intctfri  folia  222 
(ictopetala        222,  223 

Iriirliii  222 

Dryoptetis  i     13 
{  Asfiiiliiiiit) 

acriistielioides  14 

ilillli'illil  IS 

Iloottii  18 

Ilraunii  13 

cristata  16 

dilaliilii  18 

Kilixnias  17 

fraifraiis  id 

Gnldicana  17 


Dryoptetis 

I  iilri  iiirdi.i 

I.oncliitis 

maiKinalis 

Noveboraeensis 

siinnlata 

spinulosa 

Tlielypteris 
Duche?aea 

{l''i ii'^^ariii  ill  paiti 

Indiea 
Dulichium 

arnndinak-enni 

spiilhiuruin 
Dupatya 

(  fur  fill  1,111 1  It  US) 

flavidula 
Dupontia 

Conli'vi 

I'isluri 
Dysodia 

rlu  ysiiiilhrmoiiU's  ,\^,\ 

pai)pi)sa  4.S3 

Eatonia  i  192 

Duillryi 

nitida 

(ibtns  \t  1 

I'ennsylvanica 
Ivlir.VALiAi; 
lirlii  iiiiiiii 

iiiiilitslif,,l;,i 

pii  rjiin  I'll 
Echinocactus 

HMiipsiini 
Echinocereus 

eaesiiitosns 

viritiilldins 
F.,  Ill  nil,  vsl  I  \ 

l.ihiit,- 
Echinodoriis 

cordifolius 

full  -.'III Its 

ladieans 

I  ,iSll  illllS 

Iriirllus 
I'.,  Iiiiiiispri  iniiin 

di'tlr  vinn  Am. 

h'i'J,':i  'i/'ii  I  II f> 

see  Lappula 
Er/iiirs 

difU'i  mi  i 
Echium 

vuljrarc 
Eclipta 

alba 

I'l  1 1  III 

fii  0,  II  iiiliriis 
Hl.AI.Al.NACICAl-; 

Elaeagiius 

at'K'  iitea 

(  iiiiiidrnsis 
ICl.Al  ISAtKAl; 

Elatine         2  437 

Americana  2 

bracliysperma 

Iriaiulra 
Elatinoidea  3 

I  l.iiiiii  ill  ill  pall ) 

lilaline 

spuria 
Eleocharis 

aeieiilaris 

acuminata 

albida 

alrnptirpurea 

capitata 

( ,iin/>i rssii 

ICnKelnianni 

t't/iiisr/niitrs 

intermedia 

interstincta 

melanucarpa 

microcarpa 

miitata 

ochrcata 


'I 

17 
15 
111 
18 
15 
2  2117 


20S 
247 
247 
247 


20<) 
211) 

2(H) 

453 


"93 
■93 
I112 

i'»3 

2  59(1 

3  42" 
420 

2  461 
4(11 

2  46" 
461 
4()0 

3  -'51 
25" 

85 

>() 

Si, 


M 


(») 

3  413 

413 

4  "3 

4"  3 

2  4(y) 

2  46(1 

467-8 

467 

2  437 

3  "15 
2  437 

438 
438 
145 

"15 
"45 
24^ 


255 
254 

25'. 

231) 

255 

25" 

248 

255 

248 
254 
253 
249 
249 


t 


I 

I     iS 

It 

Liisis 

15 

111 

l8 

s 

IS 

■}  2117 

1  111  I> 

llti 

20S 

I  247 

euiii 

247 

/;/ 

247 

I  .^7^ 

Huti 

I    2l»» 

2I1) 

2«| 

3  l.s.i 

rmoii 

^■.45.5 

4M 

1    11)2 

"/; 

"Xi 

itiioa 

I'l.; 

2  5yi) 

//.( 

3    12" 

420 

1 

2  461 

4<.i 

i 

2    l&i 

IS 

461 

IS 

4 1X5 

V 

3  -'51 

2,S" 

I     ^,s 

IS 

N) 

!<=; 

»1 

3     5') 


.M^ 


3      4 

3    Of- 

'XI 

3  4H 

413 

:iis 

■\K\ 

CKAi; 

2  41X) 

2  461 1 

467-8 

SI  .< 

407 

-.Ai: 

2  437 

-2  437 

3  MS 

la 

2  437 

uriiia 

43H 

43« 

3  M5 

in  parti 

MS 

MS 

I  241s 

; 

2SJ 

!l 

25s 

254 

iiri'U 

25' ■ 

251) 

If 

25s 

iitii 

251 

,l,s 

24S 

\a 

2SS 

eta 

24s 

irpa 

2S4 

pa 

253 

249 

249 

Vor<.  III.] 

GENERAT.  INDEX 

or  LATIN  KAMI'S. 

Eleocharis 

Epilobium 

Erigeron 

iilivat'ia 

I 

-'?■> 

liiieare 

2 

483 

lla^ffllaris 

3  3S7 

uvata 

251 

vikIIc 

4>^3 

1; /'I III II lis  var. 

,V85 

paliistris 

2>l 

olii^aiilliiim 

483 

,1:1  'iiiiiiiif'iiiiis 

387 

(>iiiii  ifli'i  IIS 

262 

paUistii; 

■\^^ 

liyss'ipil'dliiis 

3«7 

/lyviiii'iii 

2O2 

paiiiculatuiii 

484 

inacraiitlius 

.(85 

1//111  .1    m^iihili, 

2 19 

spicatnni 

481 

innllis 

380 

Robiiiiisii 

240 

strictnin 

483 

iiiiiiii'diilis 

,1')" 

rostcllata 

25f> 

Epipactia 

I 

4''9 

Pliiladulpliicus 

388 

liiHiis 

2S5 

I'l'iiz'itllit  lit'iiit'. 

473 

/lil'iSIIIII 

323 

7\iri  i-Viii:ii 

2S3 

H,-ll<horiiic 

4I19 

imlclnilus 

,K8 

tollilis 

253 

hilifo'iii  var. 

4^'9 

pninilus 

:,sri 

IricDstata 

251 

vin'dilldia 

4'-9 

ratncsiis 

3'^9 

tuhiiculosa 

^>:-, 

f'fiifilii  1:11s 

"  IVyrid.ii 

389 

It'll /sent 

252 

I  'ii'K i iiiiuhi 

3 

ic»7 

s/i  ii;"siis 

.^89 

Wollii 

252 

I'JJlISI-.TAClCAi; 

I 

35 

"  iliSdiii/riis 

,,89 

ICIt'i'iii'inis 

Equisctum 

35 

suhtriiifrvis 

,,8i> 

iH'lii  rufiis 

1 

2(() 

arviiise 

3" 

iinitlunis 

385 

Elephantopiis 

3 

3"! 

tUivialile 

37 

vcnuis 

3'.:' ' 

Caioliiiiaiuis 

3"3 

liytinale 

38 

Eriocarpum 

3  ,i28 

iMiilatiis 

3"S 

lacvi}>atiim 

38 

( .1 /'I' '/ill /'/ills  ill 

pan) 

lOUK.MltOSllS 

3'  '3 

/i  in ''•ill  in 

37 

Kriiidclioidi'S 

328 

Elcu3ii!0 

t 

IM 

littorale 

37 

rnl)ii;iii(isniii 

328 

.III;]/'/ III 

182 

paliistre 

37 

siiiiinliisuin 

3  21) 

Iiulii-a 

iSi 

I)ratriise 

i*> 

I':Ki(ii.Ari,Ati:Ai: 

•    .i7' 

mill  1  ona/it 

1S2 

rolmstum 

38 

Eriocaulon 

37' 

F.llisia 

scirpoidcs 

39 

lllln/iS 

373 

micrKiiilyx 

3 

43 

sylvaticum 

3'> 

III  lii  iiliiliim 

.»7l 

Nyilclca 

45 

vaii(.'«:alnni 

39 

loniprcssum 

372 

ICIi  iitca 

Eragrostis 

I 

187 

drcaiiKlilare 

372 

iiim/>i!nii/ii/ii 

2 

13''- 

lillll/h's/l  IS 

lyi 

Jlii:'iilii!inii 

373 

('<iiiiii/rii\is 

I 

93 

capillaiis 

188 

^•Ilil/lll'lliu/fS 

372 

Mi,'/.i/u 

2 

137 

Ciiri'/iiii'tiiiii 

180 

st-plannularc 

37' 

i'l'iXiiiiiti 

43" 

curtipedici'llala 

iij<) 

Eiiochloa 

I  110 

rciihirs 

4,v 

ICrattrostiis 

189 

/'I'lfs/iti/ij'ir 

1 10 

Elsholtzia 

3 

124 

i-iV/liriK;"iiu 

188 

piinilata 

110 

11  islii/ii 

12) 

I'lankii 

1S8 

/■'l  iltlOlllil 

r.itritiii 

i-M 

Iiypnoides 

H)2 

iii-ipii/ii/a 

I  I  |i 

Elymus 

I 

-3>' 

major 

I  St) 

Eriogonura 

1  5|2 

,  lini'i  ii'iiiiiis 

23' 

iiiiX'is/'ic'/ij'ii 

18.J 

alatniu 

512 

aii'iiariiis 

?32 

Diiiior 

189 

Alkni 

513 

Canadensis 

23" 

"vyirfils 

191 

aniiuiilii 

511 

coiKliiisatus 

232 

iJiM-linaeea 

190 

In  r-.'iiiuih' 

51'' 

clynuiidis 

232 

))ili)sa 

ISS 

cainpamilattini 

51" 

,i;/tiiiii/'o/iiis 

23  > 

/I'hir'iii/fs 

■89 

I'frmiiiin 

51'' 

Rlaucus 

231 

Pursliii 

189 

corymliosuiii 

511 

Jfyshiv 

233 

ri'fracta 

I'M 

lO'ii'iiim 

5 11 

iiiteniK'diiis 

3 

5'  '8 

ir/>/iiiis 

192 

llavitin 

515 

Macounii 

I 

23' 

sccnndinora 

191 

\;iiii/iliiili'iih's 

545 

robnslus 

3 

508 

scssitispica 

I'lii 

.laimsii 

5\'i 

Siltii  ii  IIS 

I 

231 

Iriiiiis 

I'll 

lai'lini'ijtyiuiin 

516 

Si /a  11 1  oil 

2,(2 

triclictdcs 

191 

l.inillii-iiiiiii'iiiinn 

slriatiis 

-'3'l 

Eraiitliis 

2 

53 

I  SU 

ViiKinicus 

2;,(> 

livfinalis 

53 

lonivifulinin 

513 

Elyna 

I 

28,, 

Eieclitites 

3 

472 

mil  1  iiiilliinii 

51'' 

Ikdiaidi 

2S( 

liiiracifolia 

473 

micnitliicuni 

511 

Sf>iiil/,l 

284 

Eriaiithus 

I 

98 

inultiv.'i'ps 

515 

ICIvliiis/>crminn 

alopcciiroidcs 

98 

/'aivilh'riim 

545 

Ctilil'oriiiiinu 

I 

267 

l)rfvil)ari)is 

99 

paiicilloruiii 

515 

I;.Mi'r,i'UAi:i:  \i: 

2 

1^? 

conipactus 

99 

snic-iiiH         5).,,  515 

Empctrum 

2 

3'^3 

saccii  imidcs 

'■9 

■/;•  Ml  II  inn 

513 

L  \iiii  •ulii 

3'^1 

liUICACKAl; 

2 

559 

Eiioplioriim 

I  271 

iiidnini 

3^3 

Erica 

573 

alpiiuini 

271 

I'.iinnioii 

cincrca 

573 

"i/iil'iliim 

272 

bilii  iialiini 

2 

51 

'IVtralix 

573 

I'v/'i'i  iiiiiin 

271 

Engelmannia 

3 

41.. 

:•  III'.; 'II  is 

573 

►rracilf 

273 

pinnalilKla 

410 

Etigenia 

2 

5|l 

liilif,'liiim 

27.5 

I'.ii'ihiiia 

l)iill)i)sa 

5|2 

pdlystacliyon 

273 

ii'.hida 

3 

16 

Erigeron 

3 

?.^\ 

vusstiihini 

272 

lipifillillS 

acris 

39" 

SclK'uoIizi.'ri 

272 

Ameiiciina 

3 

197 

"  dcbilis 

39" 

li  iqiirli  inn 

273 

Epigaea 

2 

5>" 

"  Droibaoliianus 

3''" 

v,-nfin,itutii 

272 

IfpCMlS 

571 

annuiis 

3 

389 

Vir^;inicum 

273 

Epilobium             2 

^'^^   5 

as|)(r 

385 

III  ilriihium 

adfiiocauloii 

484 

llfllidiastrum 

3'^9 

I  'iili/'i'iiiiiiiin 

3     5'. 

a1l)innni 

482 

biilidifi'liiis 

.,88 

ini'.'iisi/'iiliiiii 

s^ 

"  llhl/lis 

485 

i-acspitiisus 

.186 

,i'li'inri  iiliiiit 

58 

ana^fallidifdlinm 

482 

taiii/'lioi  iiliim 

39'' 

flltl'i'iillli'Stl'llS 

,S9 

uiii;iislifi'liiim 

481 

(  'tlll'll/flisis 

39' 

/iitiirfii 

5^ 

coioratiim 

481 

iiiiirsreiis 

1,8(1 

Erodium 

2  311 

,i;hi>idiili'su   1 

4^1 

canus 

387 

cicntarinin 

311 

liirsntuiii 

482 

Ciiioliiiiaiiiim 

3t8 

innscliatuiu 

311 

Horniiiiaiini 

4«S 

i/iviiriiiiliis 

3m  I 

Em/ihilii 

hulifli'i  mil 

482 

iliverifi'lis 

388 

•'■iiliiiiris 

2  i|'i 

UilifoUiim 

481 

Ih  oebitcliitiiiiis 

39" 

Etvum 

2328 

537 


I  Ervum 

/lirtiiliim  2 

I        I.l'llS 

/iiiil/i/f"iiim 
hii iis/>ii  iiiiiin 

Eryngium  2 

air.i't-i'iiiii 
//(  \'" I  ifi'l i inn 
I,'-:..(.n\vonliii 
pvoslralinii 
V'irKinianuin 
yiii  I  iii'/nliiiin 

Erysimum        2  115, 
Alli'iii'i 
Ai  kaiisiiniiin 
aspi ruin 

Ilill  I'tllfU 

<lii.'iiantlioides 
iiiconspicmmi 
liiiiiCiiliiliiin 
oiriiiiiiile 
Kiiniliile  3 

pin-.'ilhn  inn  2 
/ii  I /'I'liiilinn  3 
/liiiihilinn  2 

/'lill'il'X 

syiticdltim 
Erythraea  2 

ciilycdsa 
Ctntatiriuiu 
/>"in;liisii 
ixallata 
imUliclla 
iiiiiiDsissima 
siiiiata 
Erythroniiim  i 

alliiduni 
Anuriianuiu 
till  fill  •■III  I  inn 
In  III  litilinn 
nusaclmrtuni 
propnllans 
Eulophus  2 

.Xiiicricaiius 
Euonymus  2 

Aiuiricaiius 
atropurpnrcus 
I'hirnpacus 
(iliuvatus 
I';ii'atokii:ak        3 
Eupntorium  3 

a^riratiiidcs 
:il1)iiiii 

"  subvcnosiim 
iilh'i  lifntiiiin 
altissiiiium 
innhii^innn 
iiiiiKiiiuin 
avimiaUciiiii 
capillifdliuiu 
cm  U'stiiiuiii 
Jiiliiiliim 
j'i'riiiiiiliiicinn 
J'tfiiii  iil"iiles 
i;l'iiiiliil'tsiiin 
i;i iiiii1i/l"i  inn 
Iiyssopifoliuiu 

"  I'll  iiii'iliiin 
krlieaifolium 
U'luolfpis 
linC'iiifi'liuin 
tnaciilatiini 

"  anKHniiiu 
pcrf'ilialiiiu 

"  oniuatiim 

"  trniK-atum 
t>il"iinn 
pnlK'scins 
putpiirciini 

"  iiiiiiiiiili/oliinii 

"  fnlr.itum  3 

nsiiiDsiim 
MilniidilDliuni 

"  ni'iilinn 
siamlcHs 


3=S 
329 
,V'5 
32H 
52' 
522 
523 
522 
523 
522 
522 
'5' 
"5 
152 
152 

122 

'5' 
15' 
'52 
116 

5' 5 
'5' 
5>5 
145 
122 
1,52 

ri>,7 

fi<i7 
TkkS 

rH)8 
ri'« 

(k),S 

61)7 
419 

.1211 
.12') 
.(21) 
.|20 
421 
421 
52S 
528 
.V)3 
.i').l 
.Wt 
.195 
S"\ 
21 19 
,,"6 
3' 2 

.,o8 
3M 

3"" 
.<") 
.V17 
3' 2 
3"7 
}'^?, 
.V)7 
.T17 
.^"7 
,V'8 
3' 4 
.V«) 
3"') 
3'  "I 
.1".8 
3'"  I 
.V'7 
.3"7 
3" 
312 
3" 
3"> 
tli 

."7 
.■."7 
.3"7 
312 
3" 
3'< 
313 


35 


538 


GKNERATv   INDEX   Or   LATIN   NAMES 


[Voi<.  III. 


Eupatorium 


-  \ 


senitsi-rratum 

3  3™' 

scrotiiuim 

,VkS 

sessilifolium 

,i"" 

"  Ilriltoiiianun 

310 

Torrcyamiiii 

!^"o 

/CHn  iiY.i/tiini 

3"' 

Iri/oliiihnn 

,i"7 

truncal  II  m 

3" 

verbenacfoliiim 

.V" 

RuriioRiiiACKAi; 

2  .v'li 

Euphorbia 

2  /■<» 

areinniij 

.17' 

comimilata 

38(1 

cornllata 

37,S 

ctipliospirma 

.r^' 

Cyparissias 

.iHl 

DarlitiKtoiiii 

.V« 

ilintata 

.176 

(lictyosperma 

.179 

ICsula 

3S0 

Fendleri 

.174 

deyeri 

.172 

Rlyptosperma 

.i7.^ 

lU'liosciipia 

.179 

lii'teropliylta 

.177 

licxnKona 

.17.S 

liirsula 

3  .S'H 

lilliiiiMrata 

2  .171 

hypfriii  folia 

,17.S 

Ipecaciiantiae 

.177 

Latliyris 

377 

lata 

.174 

tiiaculata 

.173 

tnarKinata 

37^' 

nionlana  ri>f>ii.\ 

la  3.S1 

Nicacensis 

2  ,•?.'«.) 

mitaiis 

375 

Nuttallii 

37" 

liiimistrata 

373 

olitusata 

37R 

Ohiolica 

3S0 

Pepliis 

370 

petaloidca 

37" 

platypliylla 

378 

polvpim'ifiilia 

371 

I'rrslii 

.17.5 

Rafiiiesqui 

3  .S18 

robiista 

J  3S, 

serpens 

.172 

serpyllifolia 

372 

stictosixira 

371 

:vi^o/>/i};/.ii,ir': 

371 

Eubhrasia 

3  '«' 

y.nifricaiia 

18.. 

latifolia 

1S2 

Oakesii 

1S2 

Odiiiiliirs 

181 

ofliciiialis 

182 

Eiiphica 

coiiTnlviilarca 

3     .'^2 

Eurotia 

I    s8o 

laiiata 

58' 

Eurybia 

alomerala 

3  3S8 

Eustoma 

2  f.l2 

Ruso'lliaiiuiii 

(^^2 

Eii^lvlh 

I    I.S- 

Euthamia 

3  347 

{Sn/i(fai,'r  in  p; 

rl) 

Carolinians. 

3(8 

(framinifolia 

."17 

U'pldcephaln 

348 

Eiilina 

Eranklinii 

3    47 

Eiixo/tis 

rrhfiiis 

I  59-1 

deflr  vu<i 

.V>> 

lividua 

.S8<) 

piimiliis 

h<^^ 

Eva  X 

prolifera 

3  .19."i 

Evolvulus 

3    ••■ 

arsitnleus 

21 

pitostis 

21 

Fagackae  I  ^\},  ' 

Fagopyrum  i  .s.s'i 

rs(  iilfiiliim  ^s\ 

l'',iK<)))vriini  ,ss3 

T;ita!icnm  "isi 

Fagus  I  .SI.) 

Atntticana  511 
C'aslaiira  dnilala  515 

frrnicriiira  .sri 

piniiila  51:; 

Falcat-l  2   ■, ;  ? 
( .■linfi/ii',ar/>ii) 

Cdiiiosa  331 

I'iU'liiii  33  ( 

Fedia  3  n|()  7 

sec  Valerianclla 

/uii^i'fiyrinit  2.|'i 

t^aliiiiiia  2 17 

iinihiluala  2)7 

Ferula 

Caiiadriisii  2  ,s") 

fi'riiiiiilaci'a  516 

7'/7A'V,i  t;|2 

Festuca  i  215 

Iiraclivpliylla  3  sd.s 

brevil'itlia  505 

oapillata  .si/i 

drt  iiiiihi'iis  1   iHs 

diandra  ni'i 

diiriiistiila  217 

clatior  217 

fa^iii  iilaris  I   186 

fluilaii.i  213 

Kicanlca  iis 

Mynros  216 

nutans  21S 

(ictoll.ira  216 

ovina  217 

"  btcvifidia  3  .so.s 

pralnisis  i  217 

rulira  216 

scalirvU.i  217 

.Sliortii  21S 

s/>i,-ala  3  s-i? 

Ii'iiiila  I  216 

II II  id.  tides  22} 

Ficaria  2    85 
I'lcaria              85,  103 

raitiKiiiilnides  85 

[<'ic()ii)i:ai-: 
Sec  .\iziiaci:ai;    x  5'i7 

Filago  3  3(,5 

f>V/  luai'iiii  3ij,s 

prolifcra  31^5 

Fimbristylis  i  250 

anlumnilis  zfy) 

l!ald:riiiiaiia  2'i(i 

(■iif>illaris  25H 

castanra  259 

(iiinrrslu  260 

laxa  260 

Kpailicca  239 

Valilii  2''m) 

Flaveria  3  1 1 1 

aii(rustifiilia  ni 

Floerkea  2  3S,s 
l)ri)si'rpinacoi(l(s   3K3 

Foenictilum  7  ^2S 

iMitnicnliitn  ,';2,s 

viili^are  52,5 

For    fiera 

niiiiiiiiiala  2  603 

Fors/eroin'fi 

di/Toriiiii  3      4 

Fothergilla  2  192 

nhiif'itlia  192 

Carolina  192 

(Tari/eiii  192 

Fragarla  2  2116 

Aniirifana  207 

Canadensis  nA 

fiidiin  20S 

rii  fie  IIS  209 

ve-ica  207 


Fra^aria 

Virijiniana  2  206 

"  /lliiioemii  2()6 

Fraiti;iil,i 

Caroliiiiara  2  H)6 

Fi  aiiseriii 

disiidor  3  21/i 

lloolceriaiia  21/1 

loiiieiil"sa  207 

Frasera  2  mo 

C.iri)liiuii'-i>i  (119 

Fraxinus  2  'hh) 

Aintricina  doi 

Carnljiiiana  602 

lanoeol.ita  (im 

nitrra  foi 

I'enn-iyhanica  fHii 

/'lalvi'ai  pa  fKi2 

fiiiheseeii'!  Cni 

(inadranKitlata  (■)02 

sanihiii  i/olia  fo2 

liiiilii  601 

Fritillaria  i   (19 

|//Ail  .(22 

atrn]inri)Uiea  (19 

Froelichia  i  "idj 

I'''<)ri(laMa  5(12 

vriMiili.s  503 

Fiiirena  i  27) 

liisj'ida  274 

simplex  274 

s(|nartosa  27.) 

FrMAKI.\Ci:AK  2      i|9 

Fiimaria  2  io|,   108 

Ciiciillaria  104 

exiiiiia  104 

/iiiii;oKn  103 

ofTicinalis  lo** 

parvilloia  loS 

sem/'ei  rireiis  113 

Gaeitneria  3  2(/i 
(  Fraii^ei  i.i) 

Hcanlliioarp.i  296 

disvolor  296 

tciim  nliis.i  297 

Gaillardia  3   131 

aristata  432 

lanceol.ta  431 

piiUlulla  432 

simple  I  4^2 

sn.tvis  4^2 

Galactia  2  333 

ylahella  3?s 

mollis  ji^if, 

pilosa  336 

rt-Rularis  333 

volnbilis  33^1 

Galax  2  ■•~-^ 

a|)liyll.i  3S4 

Giilixa  292 

see  Cracca  292-3 

Galeopsi.t  3    92 

l.adamini  92 

T'lraliit  92 

Galiusoga  3  142 

j),iivil1oia  .1(2 

"  liispida  1 12 

Galium  3  21S 

.■\ II i; I i ( II III  2\u 
Aparine  and  var.    2jn 

Arkansannni  22^ 

nsprelhitn  223 

Herniiidense  221 

boreali'  222 

cireae/ans  222 

"  (rlabellnni  222 

'  laiieei>la/ii-i  ??] 

"  moiilaiiiun  222 

Clavtoni  3  22) 

cone'nt\nni  223 

liispidulnm  226 
Kanit'-cliatieuin      222 

lanceolaUiiu  221 

lalifoliuni  223 

l.illellit  222 


Galium 

Mollnjjo  3  219 

ti/iliistim  224 

palnstre  225 

I'arisiense  219 

paryi/lonim  225 

pilosntn  221 

"  puncticnlosum  221 

sepleiilrioiiale  222 

spuriiitn  220 

tiTietoriuni  224 

"  niifolinin  224 

"  I.abradoricum    224 

Torreyi  tit 

trirorne  3  220 

trifiduTn  224 

"  hi /ill  ill  III  223 

"  latifoliiim  224 

"  pHsilliim  224 

triiiurnin  223 

Vailhiiilii  220 

vernni  218-19 

vireatnni  221 

Galpinsia  a  495 

{Oenolhera  in  part) 

II.irtweKi  493 

fV\Mf)l'r.TALAF.  2  348 

Gaultheria  2  371 

procnnibcns  372 

Gaura  2  496 

biennis  497 

coccinea  497 

filipei  497 

liiiifidia  499 

Mielian.xii  497 

parvi  flora  4(j6 

pinuata  498 

villosa  498 

Gaurella  2  493 

(rnUulata  494 

Gaylussacia  2  374 

bracliycera  575 

duniosa  575 

''  liirtulla  375 

frondosa  374 

resinosa  374 

Gelsemium  2  604 

nil  id  urn  fi«5 

senipt  1  virens  603 

Gemmingia  1  452 

( h'eliiiiiraiida) 

irardaiilhiis) 

Chitunsis  433 

Genista  2  270 

linct.iria  271 

CiKNTIA.NACEAF,  2  Tiofi 

Gentiana  2  612 

acuta  fii  4 

aniiiis  615 

aiha  616-7 

Aniarella  7'ar.  2  614 

Andnwsii  616 

aii.s^iisli/olia  618 

Calesliaci  616 

Cenlaiii  iiim  607 

crinila  612 

detonsa  614 

IClliottii  616 

flavida  617 

C.rayi  617 

linearis  617 

"  Innreolala  617 

"  tali  folia  617 

ocliroletua  618 

I'orpliyrio  fii8 

propin(|Ua  614 

jnibernla  613 

piilchella  (vk 

purpurea  618 

(lnini|nefolia  615 

"  oeoidentalis  613 

q  II  iiiq  lie  flora  613 

I  anioKissima  6<^ 

rnbricanliii  617 

Saponaria  616 


[Vol.  in. 


3  210 

224 

22,5 

210 

iim 

22,5 

221 

•uloRum    221 

iiiii/e 

222 

220 

1 

22.1 

nil 

224 

oricum    224 

221 

3  220 

224 

m 

22,5 

him 

224 

im 

224 

22,1 

ii 

220 

218-19 

221 

3  495 

ra  in 

part ) 

49S 

LAG 

2  S4« 

2  .S71 

fllS 

S72 

2  4()6 

497 

497 

497 

499 

ii 

497 

■\ 

4<j6 

4yS 

498 

2  49.1 

494 

I 

2  574 

ra 

575 

575 

a 

575 

574 

574 

2  604 

60,5 

ireiis 

60,5 

1  452 

iiniia' 

thus) 

is 

45,1 

2  270 

271 

lCEAE 

2  r,(y, 

2  612 

614 

615 

616-7 

^^  vat 

.  2  614 

A\ 

f)i6 

^iilia 

618 

•i 

616 

him 

607 

fil2 

614 

616 

617 

617 

617 

>l<ila 

617 

lia 

617 

ii-a 

618 

io 

618 

im 

614 

I 

61  s 

ir 

6.« 

'•ii 

618 

folia 

r.1,5 

ciitalis        61.S 

•fliira 

615 

^ima 

60& 

W's 

617 

ia 

616 

Vol.  III.] 


GENERAL  INDKX   OF  LATIN  NAMES. 


Gentiana 

1 

scalui  lima 

2  C16 : 

Sfllcl/il 

iij  1 

sphalu 

6.,7 

veiilricosa 

•ii.l 

villosa 

618 

Gi;ka.niaci;aic 

2  ,140  '. 

Geranium 

31" 

)lickiicllii 

341! 

Caroliiiiaiiuiu 

3  12 

cuHliin'inn 

34 1 

coluuibiiiutii 

342 

di.s.mctuiu 

313 

inaculatum 

3(1 

tnolle 

3lt 

pii.sillutu 

313: 

Kol)crtiamiin 

341  ! 

rotiimlifoliuui 

312  1 

Sibiriciiiii 

31'  1 

Gerardia 

3  ■■;,=; 

a.spera 

'"0 

auriculata 

17S 

liisseyaiia 

177 

clt.'nsiHora 

17.S 

inleriiiedia 

I7'J 

linifolia 

175 

iiiactojihylla    1 

-2,  177 

iiKiritima 

17'' 

parvifolia 

J  77 

paupercula 

176 

purpiiria 

.76 

l/lllTlijuliil 

171 

Skiniitriana 

177 

Icmiifolia 

177 

"  aspenila 

177 

ste  Dasystoma 

173  4 

Geum                2  2 

L19,  21^ 

iiltmin 

22' 1 

CanaJeiise 

220 

Can  11  ill' use 

221 

Caioluiianum 

220 

ciliiilum 

2iy 

flaviim 

221 

iiiacropliynuiu 

221 

J'cckii 

219 

railialum 

219 

"  I'tikii 

2iy 

rivalc 

219 

strictum 

221 

Irijliii  U)ii 
urbamim 

2ir) 

221 

vcriium 

220 

Virgiiiiamiiu 

220 

Gifola 

3  .195 

(Urmaiiica 

.v,!."; 

Gilia 

3    .V 

aKgrigala 

3'* 

coiigcstii 

40 

coronopifulia 

3« 

gracilis 

.1« 

iberidifolia 

40 

inconspicua 

39 

linearis 

42 

loiigi  flora 

3« 

minima 

42 

pinnatifida 

39 

pumila 

■•o 

p»iiigeiis 

38 

"  cacspitosa 

38 

spicata 

3'i 

tricolor 

4" 

Gill  en  ia 

2  107 

slipnlacra 

l.)S 

lii/olialu 

lyS 

Gin'seni: 

qiiiniiiic/olium  3  ,51)7 

trifolinm 

5"; 

Gisohleris 

ftahnala 

I    7 

Glaiiilulai  ia 

hipinnali/iila 

3  72 

Caiolinensis 

72 

Glaucium 

2  102 

Olaucium 

i')3 

luleum 

103 

2  592 

.S92 

3  ^"*o 
87 

2  260 

261) 

26(1 

210-14 

3  5"5 


335! 
33 1 
291 
3.11 
33'' 

2  ,;i.> 
3'" 

3  4"" 
3'>'< 
3^'7  ' 
4.U  . 

.(.  K. 

.1<kS 

395  i 
401  I 

4CX.I 

4<'.) 
4.>i 
4u; 
401 

l"3 


Glaiix 

inaritiiiia 
Glccoma 

licdiracca 
Gluditsia 

.•ii|iialii-a 

miuiiispri  ma 

Iriacaiilhos 
Glvitria  I 

sec  Paniciilaria 
Jliiilans  ani;. 
oh  line 

.Ipioi 

c'liniKui 
frnlr^nii'i 

mo  nil  ill! 

liunrn/Ksa 

iiinhillala 
Glycyrrhiza 

Icpidola 
Gnaphalium 

a  I  pin  mil 

Carpalliiiiini 

<lccurrciis 

iliinmpiinin 

ilii'iiiiin 

til')  niitniciim 

IklUri 

mai'i;ari/airinn 

Norvtgicum 

obuisifoliuni 

l)alustre 

pot\iCplial:im 

purpmcuni 

planlai^inifoliiim  ,11/1 

supiiiiiiii  402 

s,vlvaliciiiii  40,1 

tiligiiKisuin  402 

sec  Antennaria 

3  .197 -|u" 

Conolohus  3     17-19 

lacvis  IS 

maiitiplivlhis  17 

sec  Vincetoxicum 

Goni'pynnn 
Amoiiunum 

Goiidvcra 
sec  Peramium 

Gordonia 
f.iisiaiitluis 

C.UAMISl'Al,  I 

G  raphe  phorum         i 
I     /I'sluiairum 
Jlexnosum 
inelicoidciim 
Gratiola  3 

aciiiiiinala 
;      auica 
!      Monnieia 
\      pilos.i 
I     spli.icroc.irpa 
Virgiiiiaiia 
viscos.a 
Griudclia  3 

laiiccolala 
I      nil  lia 
\     sqiiarrosa 
"  mid. I 

'  GROSSri.AKIALT.Al'. 

2 

Giiilaniiina 

i/iiiiiii  2 

Gutierrezia  3 

I'.ii.'lianiiac 

S:irotlir,ic 
Gyinnamli  a 

riihra  3 

Gymiiocladus  2 

Caiiaiii'nsis 

clioic  I 
Gymnopogon  i 

anibiKUiis 

brcvifolius 

lacemosus 

GY.MNCSrEUMAE     I 


Gyninosticlium 

'llystrix- 
Gypsophila 

iiiiiialis 

I).iiiiculata 
Gyrostachys 

(Spiianllu-s) 

ccrniia 

gracilis 

latijolia 

odiirala 

plaiitiii;iiKa 

praccox 

Koiiiaiizofnaiia 

siiiipUx 
Gyrotheca 

( Laclinanllics) 

capitat.i 

tiiiili'ria 
Ilabenaria 


2.1.1 

16 

16 

'^ 
470 

47' 
472 
47" 
471 
470  . 

47' 
470 
472  ' 
442 

I 
413  I 
443  1 
460  ; 


1  5<58 

I   174-5 

2  427 

427 
I    91 

I  21n 
2119 
180 
2U) 

3  ifii 
160 
:  62 
160 
16,1 
162 
161 

It)2 

3  3-'" 
321 
.121 

32' 
,121 


1^7 

2^.1 
3  "I 
.1.-"' 
320 


166 
261) 
261 
261 
17S 
178 
■79 
178 

49 


464, 


1)U  pli.iriglottis 

bractcata 

ciliaris 

clavcUata 

cristata 

dil.itata 
Jimbriata 

llava 

graiidi  flora 

Hookcri.ina 

liypcrborca 

iiitcgr.i 

laccra 

Icucopliaca 

iiivca 

obtusata 

orbiculata 

JH  raniocna 

psycodcs 

tiidcniala 

fiirsrrns 

viridis 
l[.\i'.M(iuoKALi:.\i:i 
Hall  Ilia 

JSn-nli'iiiaiia       2 

ilf/le.i  a 
I  fall- si  a 

('ainliiia  3 

li-liapli-ia 

llAI.DUAf.lDACl.Ar. 


620 

620 

598 

5'>8 
2  500 

UAMAMlCI.lDACliAl; 

2    192 

Uamamelis       3  192,  19,1 
Viigiiiiatia  2  19,1 

"  C  aiolina  192 

llainillonia 

oh- if  era  I  ,5,1.7 

Hartmannia  2  492 

{Ofiiollicra  in  part) 
492 


spi  ciosa 
Hcdcoma 

lilia/a 

DriiiiHilondii 

jilahia 

hi  lia 

hispida 

pulcgioides 
llidiia 

iiuinqiiefolia 
Ilcdyosmos 

orii^anoidcs 
lli-dvolis 

sec  Houstonia,;  312-14 
Hedysarum         '     3  ,111 

aiiiiiiinalnin  314 

alpiniiiit  Amcr.     311 

.\mericanum 

borcale 

cilia  re 

lineatiim 

!M:ickcnzii 

pediinciilalum 
I'irginicuin 


539 

Hedysarum 

lolubile  2  336 

sec  Meibomia  2  314-20 

"  Lespedeza  323-4 
Uclcaslrum 

paludosnm  3  375 

IIICLICNIIOAU  3  301 

Helenium  450 

autuninale  450 

"  pubescciis  450 

nudinonim  450 

piibrsiens  450 

tciiuifolium  4,51 

Heleochloa  i  147 

(Ciypsis) 

sclioctioidcs  147 

Helianthemum  2  439 

Caiiadensc  440 

corynibosuni  440 

iiiajus  439 

IIi:liantiihai5  3  300 

Helianthus  3  421 

angustifolius  422 

annuus  422 

atronibens  423 

dccapttalus  427 

divaricatus  436 

doronicoides  426 

giganteus  425 

"  I  rinilHs  422 

"  sublubcrosus      425 

grosse-serratus  425 

hirsutus  428 

"  Irachypliyllus    428 

laetillorus  428 

lacvigatua  424 

lacvis  436 

macrophyllus  427 

Klaxiiniliani  435 

inicroccphalus  434 

;      mollis  3  426,  437 

Nuttallii  436 

'1     occidcntalis  434 

orgyalis  422 

par:  ijlorus  434 

patens  433 

petiolaris  423 

t       "  canescens  423 

\       "  can  us  433 

"  patens  .i23 

i      rigidiis  423 

scabcrrimus  433 

I      snbtnberostis  425 

I     strninosus  427 

"  tnacropliyllus    427 

"  mollis  427 

totncntosus  428 

traclicliifolius  437 

liibcrosus  429 

"  snbcaticsccns     429 

Hcliopsis  3  412 

hcliantlioidcs  413 


105 
i(/i 
loO 
M9 
106 
106 
106 

413 

116 


3" 
3'> 
321 

3' 5 
3" 
2S5 
312 


laevis  and  vivr.  412-13 

scabra  413 

//liiosiiiidiiim 

leplopliyllum  3  53.1 

Hcliotropium  3    ji 
convolvulaceuni       52 

Cnrissavicum  53 

Ivuropacuin  51 

Indicum  53 

tcncllnm  53 

Helleborua  i  5»-53 

hyeinalis  3    53 

oriental  is  53 

tri^oliiis  54 

viridis  53 

llelminlha 

echioidcs  3  367 

Helonias  i  401 

asphodcloides  401 

bullata  403 

f;raiitinra  403 

Hemerocallis  i  410 

flava  411 


54° 


GENIvRAL   INDl'X  OF  LATIN   NAMES, 


nynchillnis 

itite)HOM(.\  I  425 

Hydrangea  2  iK) 

aiburtsci'iis  1S4 

"  Katiawliun.i  184 

ni:'ca  1S5 

railialii  1S5 

'■iili^aiis  i8| 

Hydrastis  2    50 

Canadensis  50 

Caiolhioish  72 

I/yitidclians 

loidifolia  I    9) 

Sf>o>ii;ia  t)4 

Hydrocotyle      2  521,  5,^9 

amhifitia  2  ,sio 

AnicriL-aiia  5)o 

Asialiia  511 

Can  by  i  5)0 

C/iiiiriisis  521 

inlcri  iipla  510 

liiiiiila  521 

iialaiis  5;i 

ranunculoidcs  5.11 

rcfianda  511 

nmbtllata  5,19 

"  aiiihii^ua  510 

virticiilata  5(0 

llydi  olea 

Caioliiiiana  3    ,su 

sec  Nania         3  .|y  50 

Uydi  ofieliti 

puipuica  2    .(2 

HYUUOPnYLI..\l.ICAI-; 

3    43 

Hydrophyllum  43 
api)i:niliciiliiUini       41 

Canailtnsi-  41 

lu.icrciphylhnn  4 1 

VirRinicuni  43 

Ilytiifiiallu  I  mil 

a  III  I'll  III  3  453 

Hymenocallis  i   144 

ncoident.ilis  445 

llyiiit'iiolitbiia 

dh'iii  icn.'iis  2  138 

Hymenopappus  3  \\s 

Carolinensis  44,5 

coryniboHUS  445 

filifolius  446 

flavesceiis  446 

scabiiisafiis  44  s 

Unuifolius  416 

IIVMi;N()riivi.i.\ci:.\i-: 
I      0 

Ifynteiitnys 

lineal  tjolia  3  44S 

vdi'Uila  4-19 

Hyoscyamus  3  i.iS 

niKtr  i,;S 

llyixci  IS 

Caioliiiiana  3  2('i4 

mini  inn  2(1,5 

I'ii^inica  261 

llYlT.UICACl'.Ai;  2  427 

Hypericum       2  427,  429 

adpicssiini  4,-ii 

ani;ii/iisiiin  432 

Ascyron  429 

boiiiile  43) 

camfianiilalinn  436 

Canadonsc  4,15 

rmyiii/hisiim  4,^^ 

densifloruni  430 

(Uilabri  forme  432 

IlriiiMniondii  <;  ■ 

ellipticum  4., 

tralioides  431 

Kraveolcns  433 

Kyinnanlbiini  434 

Kalniianuni  431J 

Lasiaiilhiis  427 

maoiilatuni  433 

niajus  435 

nuililuni  434 


Hemetocallis 

Hieracium 

fulva 

I  411 

muiornm 

3  283 

HcmianitiHs 

panicnlaliim 

2Mi 

viiiiantlicmoid 

t'S 

I'iloscUa 

2H3 

3   !'"'( 

"  I'cU  teriaiuini      283 

Hemicarpha 

•  275 

pracaltum 

284 

micrantlia 

275 

pratense 

2S4 

siibsquai  1  osa 

275 

>  iiiii  inaliiiii 

280 

Hendecandra 

scabnim 

287 

Tf.rrii  sis 

2  ^(>i 

spathiiUi! It  III 

2«3 

Hepatica 

2    '-5 

timbellatnin 

28(1 

acuta 

66 

vcnosnm 

a'^S 

aciililoha 

66 

viilKattim 

283 

Hepatica 

65 

Hii-i  otldoa 

IrilKha 

t'3 

alpiiia 

I  132 

Heracleum 

2  513 

htiiralis 

132 

laiiatum 

5'l 

paiuifloi  • 

■32 

Her/vslis 

3  'W 

IIUM'OCASTa.n  ACI 

AK 

ani/>/rtiiaii/is 

Kx) 

2  400 

ninri/ii/ia 

160 

Hippuris 

2  501 

Miinniii  a 

1 61 ) 

inai  ilinia 

5"t 

nii;i/'s,i  IIS 

ifxi 

tctrapliylla 

50' 

See  Monniera    3 

160-1 

vnlKaris 

5"i 

Hesperis 

2  IM 

Hoffmanseggia 

2  2,S9 

ptnnalifida 

1*3 

Falcaria 

239 

matrc'iialis 

>.';4 

Jamc-ii 

250 

Heteranthera 

I  37') 

sti  nid 

2,S',l 

dut)ia 

3^o 

Holcus 

I     1().S 

gianiima 

3^ 

al pi  nils 

132 

limosa 

380 

Hall  pi  nsis 

104 

rciiifonnis 

3^" 

lan.ilus 

168 

Heterotheca 

3  32' 

/.;  1  II  \ 

!<)" 

J.aniaiikii 

322 

I'din.lhlS 

■32 

subaxillaris 

322 

Holosteum 

2      28 

Heuchera 

2  17S 

iinibcllatnni 

28 

Americana 

'79 

Homalobus 

2  3"5 

liispida 

I  So 

(Asli ,ii;aliis  in 

part) 

"  hirsulicaulis 

iSo 

cacspitosus 

3.6 

pubescens 

179 

inontanus 

3,/, 

Hiiliai  dsitnii 

IN) 

iniillilhii  lis 

3'>5 

KiiKelii 

178 

tcnclhis 

V'5 

villosa 

179 

Homalocencbrus 

I  '128 

Hf.vafilioiiia 

( /.,-,  ;-.(/(0 

prlinlaris 

2    176 

Icnlicularis 

129 

Hexalectris 

I   4!So 

oiyzoides 

129 

( ///(•/(,;  1 

VirKinicus 

129 

aphyllus 

481 

Iloiiiohvpa 

.•Hfiiainosus 
Hibiscus 

l-^I 

iiiaci  aniliiiin 

I  5)9 

2  424 

//oiUrnya 

lasiucarpus 

425 

piplmdc's 

2      36 

niilitaris 

425 

Hopta 

Mosclieutos 

424 

liniloriu 

2  597 

iiisrns 

424 

Hordeum 

I  22S 

SyriacHS 

420 

j\ibatnm 

229 

Trionum 

425 

murinuin 

229 

Vii^itiiciis 

424-5 

nodosum 

228 

Hicoria 

I   4S4 

pi  ale  nse 

22S 

(C'liy) 

l)UhillUlU 

229 

n1l)a 

1   4,% 

Ho<a,kia 

aiiuatica 

4S3 

Pin  \l:iana 

2    28.T 

borealis 

3  512 

Hottonia 

2   5M. 

Carol  inae-septe 

ntrio 

iiillata 

5*^1' 

iialis 

3  5" 

Houstonia 

3  212 

glabra 

I  4S7 

aURUstifolia 

215 

"  liirsuta 

3  512 

ciliolata 

214 

"  odoiala 

I  4S6 

cocrnlca 

212 

"  z'i/losa 

3  5'2 

/.iiinari  iniiici 

213 

laciniosa 

I  4S6 

loiini  folia 

21 1 

microcarpa 

4t)6 

minima 

213 

minima 

4S,S 

minor 

2"  3 

pallida 

3  512 

palms 

2'3 

ovata 

I  4H5 

l)urpurca 

214 

Pecan 

4'<4 

"  calycosa 

214 

siilcala 

4S6 

"  pubescens 

214 

villosa 

3  512 

scrpyllifolia 

213 

"  pallida 

.SI  2 

Icnuifolia 

2'5 

Hieracium 

3  2S2 

Hudsonia 

2  4)o 

aurantiacum 

284 

cricoidcs 

4M 

lull  hal  urn 

287 

tomcntosa 

IM 

Canadcnse 

286 

Humulus 

I  529 

Greenii 

285 

I.upulus 

5,)0 

Gronovii 

287 

Hutchinsia 

2  I3« 

lonRipilum 

287 

piDcuinbens 

■38 

Marianuui 

285 

Hyacinllius 

viol/e 

283 

bolryoides 

1  424 

[Vor,.  III. 

Hypericum 

nudicaulr  2  43C 

perforatum  433 

piiiolaliiin  437 

prolilicnni  430 

pyrainidalnm  429 

Saiol/ira  436 

sijjiaerocirpum  431 

virpatum  432 

"  ovalifolium  432 

I'll  i;i  nil  II  til  436 

Hypochaeris  3  265 

Klabra  265 

radicata  265 

llypopellis 

iiblusa  I     1 1 

Hypopitys  2  556 

Hypopitys  ,556 

Monolropa  556 

Uypopiiriini 

-jii  licillatiim  i  2S3 

Hypoxis  I  445 

eiecla  446 

liirsuta  446 

Hyssopus  3  no 

aiiisalw:  85 

ofTicitialis  no 

See  Agastache  S4-5 

Hystrix  i  233 
(Aspiiila) 

llyslrix  233 

Ilex  2  390 
Aniclancliier  var.  392 

Cassine  2  391 

(01  iacea  3  519 

Dalioon  2  391 

dccidiia  392 

Klabra  391 

laevigata  393 

lucida  3  519 

mollis  2  392 

monlana  392 

monticola  392 

opaca  390 

vciticillata  392 

"  jiaili  folia  393 

"  tcnuifolia  393 

vomitoria  391 

Ii.tCACi'.Ar.  2  3(p 

Ilicioidcs  2  393 
(Xeniopanlhcs) 

mucioiiata  393 

Ilysanthes  3  163 

atlciiiiata  164 

(rratioloidis  163 

"  f  II  rli pedicel.  164 

riparia  163 

Impatiens  2  403 

aurea  404 

billora  403 

fiil:a  403 

pallida  404 

Impcratoria  2  514 

fl'-trutliiutn  ,si5 

Indigofera  2  292 

leptosipala  292 

Inula  3  404 

dirai  iiala  330 

eriiiiidcs  383 

faUala  323 

gossypiiia  323 

f;raniini/olia  322 

Ilcleniuni  404 

Jfa  liana  323 

siiba  \  illaris  322 

iNfl.ICAK  3  3CKI 

lodanthus  2  123 
( 'flielypodiiiiii  in 

part ) 

hrspcridoides  123 

pinnatilulus  123 

lonactis  3  39^ 
(  Diplopappiism  part ) 

linariilolius  393 

lonidium 


[Vol,.  III. 


i' 

2  ■\?fi 

111 

43.1 

m 

4,17 

11 

430 

alum 

429 

436 

irimm 

431 

432 

>liuiii 

43» 

■u»i 

4.16 

i 

3  265 

265 

265 

I    II 

2  556 

ys 

.^•5'') 

pa 

556 

lit 

J  III  in 

I  2S3 

1  445 

446 

4.(6 

3  no 

«5 

s 

liO 

3tache 

84-5 

'0 

1  233 

233 

2  390 

cliier  V 

ar.  392 

2  .Wi 

3  519 

2  .39' 

392 

.391 

1 

393 

3  .S'9 

2  392 

a 

392 

la 

392 

.VP 

;Ua 

392 

olia 

393 

fuli.i 

393 

ia 

391 

2  yp 

2  393 

a  III  lies) 

Uii 

,W3 

3  ii'3 

a 

164 

i(Us 

•63 

ficilicti 

.       164 

163 

2  4i'3 

404 

403 

403 

4"4 

a 

2  5'4 

iuiu 

.SI  5 

2   21)2 

)ala 

292 

3  404 

It  la 

?,io 

'S 

3«3 

323 

iia 

323 

i/olia 

322 

nil 

4"4 

(11 

323 

'la  lis 

322 

3  ,3"" 

2  123 

'xidhiiii  in 

do  ides 

123 

lulus 

123 

3  .393 

>(i/i/)«iiniiarl) 

dIius 

393 

Vol,.  III.] 

lo  III  dill  m 
lineare  2 

polygalac/oliii  in 


45<5 

4,S6 

22 

23 
22 

23 
24 
23 
24 
45 
23 
24 
22 

23 

503 
593 
593 
417 
417 
45'-> 
449 
451 
45<J 
45'J 
450 
4 -50 
450 
4(S 

419 
45' 
419 
450 
45' 
452 
4(8 
45<i 
77 


Ipomoea 

Carolina 

cocciiiea 

commulala 

liederacea 

lacunosa 

Icplopliylla 

Aj'clelea 

patidurata 

purpurea 

Qua  modi  I 

Iriclwcaipa 
Itesine  i 

cclosioides 

paniculata 

IRIDACI5,VE  I 

Iris  I 

apliylla 

Caroliniana 

cristata 

ciiprea 

Dueriuckii 

fulva 

Gerinanica 

graiilis 

hcxagoiia 

Hookeri 

lacustris 

Missouriiiisis 

prisnialica 

rseudacuius 

verna 

versicolor 

ViiXiiiiai      448, 
Isanthus  3 

(  Tricliostcma  in  part 

bracliiatus  7 

eoerulcus  t 

Isnardia 

( Liidwigia 

paluslris 
Isoi:t.\i;i:aiv 
Isoetes 

J!ra  It  II  a 

liutleri 

Dodgei 

ICatoni 

ccliinospora 

KiiKelnianiii 
I    fovcolata 

lacustris 

tiiaciospoia 

nielaiiopoda 

mttriiala 

rip.iria 

.saccliarata 

Tuckcrniaiii 
Isopappu.s 

divaricatus 
Isopyrum 

bitcniatuin 

hi/oliitm 
Itea 

Virginica 
Iva 

a  It  It  It  a 
^iixilhiris 

ciliata 
^  frutoscens 
R  inibriciita 
■*  xantliiifolia 

a  e  II  la 

Cliiiieitsi.s 
Ixophoius 
t  ( Sria  ria ) 
J   Rlaucus 
f   Italicus 
i   verticillatus 

viridis 
facksoiiia 

liacliyspcnna     2  158 


2  476 
in  part) 

476 

I  45 
45 
46 
48 

3  495 
495  ! 

I  .((•) 
48 

3  495 

1  40 
46 

48 
47  I 
47 
47' 
¥'• 
3  329 
3i'> 

2  54 
■■54; 
54 

2  187  . 

KS7 

3  292  ■ 
293 
293 
293 
292 

293 
291 

I  452 

453 

I  125 

136 

127 
120 
126 


GENERAL  INDEX   OF  LATIN   NAMES. 


Jatropha  2 

stiinulosa 
Jeffersonia  2 

Jlailonis 

hiitala 

dipliylla 

JUCr.ANDACEAE       I 

Juglans 
cintrea 
nigra 
luiiieiilosa 
sou  Hicoria    i  484- 

JUNCACIvAU  I 

Juncoides  i 

(I.iizula) 

canipestre 

liyperboreum 

neiiioiosum 

nivalc 

parvilloruni 

pilosum 

s])icatum 
Juncus  I 

aciiuiinatus 

al (It  It  lis 

ai  isltilaltis 

articulatus 

asfier 

ISiilticus 

bigluiuis 

bracliycarpus 

bracliyccplialus 

bufonius 

bulbosus 

Catsaritnsis 

eampestris 

Canadensis 

castaiicus 

conglonu'ratus 

dehtlis 

dicliotoinus 

dilTusissiinus 

elTusus  3S2, 

l'.it'j,clmaiiiii      I 

filifiirmis 

(Iciardi 

Cirecnti 

gyniiiocarpus 

I.ecisii 

loug'stylis 

niaritinius 

niargiiialus 

incgaceplialus  399, 

niilitaris  i 

iteiiioiostis 

nodosus 

paivijioiits 

pelocai'ims 

ptiosiis 

polyiepli.alus 

rt'peiis 

Ricliardsoniaiuis 

robustns 

K(H  iiicriaiius 

Sfirpiiidi's 

siciindus 

sc'taceus  1 

Sill  Hit  a 

spicaltis 

slygius 

siil'lilis 

tenuis 

Toricyi 

trifidus 

IriKluniis 

Vascyi 
Juniperus  i 

cdiutmiiiis 

nana 

Sabina 

Sihirica 

Viigiuiaua 
Jussiaea  2 

hiaihycarpa 

decurrens 


541 


^68 

Jussiaea 

k'iyiiil:kia 

,V'9 

dilTu'a 

2 

48,, 

^lomciala 

3    5S 

92 

1  cpcits 

480 

Jamesii 

5>< 

92 

Juslicia 

sei  icea 

58 

02 

biachiala 

3 

20^ 

Kuhnia 

3  314 

92 

Kallstroemia 

2 

352 

eup.itiirioides 

3'1 

41^3 

niaxiiua 

.352 

"  coiyiiibtilosa 

315 

4f^3 

Kalmia 

2 

5'>3 

gluliii'osa 

315 

484 

angustifolia 

593 

stiniroli'iis 

3'5 

4«3 

glauoa 

5'i4 

Kuhnisteta 

2  289 

486 

liirsiita 

.Sf'l 

(J'elaloslemoit) 

-4H7 

latifoli.i 

.S"  I 

Candida        2  289.  2911 

3«' 

"  myrtifolia 

5''l 

"  oicideitlalis 

2  290 

.196 

Keeilia 

conipacta 

289 

skinohasis 

3  319 

foliosa 

291 

.398 

Keitliopltyta 

inulli  flora 

290 

39.'^ 

iiioitlaiia 

2 

306 

oligopliylla 

2.  Ill 

397 

viridis 

3'J<5 

purpurea 

2110 

39'< 

k'liatilia 

leiiuifolia 

291 

.597 

aifeitsis 

3 

249 

villosa 

291 

.•59" 

Kneiffia 

2 

48.1 

Kyllinga 

I  247 

397 

(OHiiolltera  in 

part ) 

puniila 

247 

3S' 

Alleni 

2 

19' ' 

Kylliitffia 

395 

fruticosa 

19' 

iiiaitilala 

I  275 

.19' 

"  pilosella 

491 

ortilaiis 

245 

3S8 

glauca 

49' 

I,A11I.\TAIC 

3    74 

,i9' 

linearis 

49" 

Laeliiiaiillies 

.392 

linifolia 

489 

liucloiia 

I  441 

3«4 

iDiigipcdicellata 

49<j 

Lachnocaulon 

I  373 

3^9 

piiniila 

4<ii 

aiici  ps 

373 

39i 

Kobiesia 

I 

284 

Mieliauxii 

373 

.591 

bi  partita 

28 1 

Lacinaria 

3  3'5 

.5^5 

1  ill  it  ilia 

284 

(Li  a  Iris) 

3V' 

sfiipiita 

284 

acidola 

:i^7 

392 

Kochia 

I 

581 

cylindracea 

3,6 

39S 

.\iiicricaiia 

.581 

ciegaus 

3"6 

391 

ahiplicifolia 

577 

giauiiuifolia 

3'S 

389 

.Scoparia 

5^1 

"  pilosa 

3>8 

ii-i 

Koeleiia 

I 

'93 

punctata 

316 

395 

cristata 

'91 

jiycMostachya 

317 

3'"i7 

nil  id  a 

'91 

searios.-i 

3' 7 

S'-P 

I'ntitsyli'aitiia 

■9.) 

"  sciuarrulosa 

3'7 

Sf'S 

Koellia 

3 

Ill 

spicata 

3'8 

?{^i 

(inc.  Pyciiaiilh 

■III  It  III 

"  puinil  I 

3'8 

3'S3 

and    Ilracliyslcintiiii ) 

squarrosa 

315 

.385 

albescens 

3 

114 

"  iiUcrmedia 

3't' 

i^l 

aristata 

"3 

Lactuca 

3  273 

:iS3 

clitiopodioidcs 

"3 

aril  lit  iitala 

275 

^^i 

llexuosa 

II I 

Canadensis 

274 

3S8 

liysscipifolia 

"3 

"  luontana 

274 

3«4 

iiicaua 

"1 

floit'.;ala  vars. 

274 

388 

niontaiia 

"5 

rioridana 

275 

3'>4 

iiiutica 

"5 

liirsuta 

274 

39' 

pilosa 

112 

iitleffrifolia 

274-5 

397 

pycnantliemoid 

cs 

"4 

Ictieophaca 

3  276 

.392 

virticillata 

112 

"  iiiUf;ri/olia 

276 

.197 

\"irgiiiiana 

112 

I.iKloviciana 

273 

39<' 

Koi'itii^ia 

j)ulcliella 

275 

396 

hiaiidica 

I 

5|2 

sagillifolia 

274 

39.i 

Koiiiga 

2 

'53 

saiigtiiiiea 

271 

388 

(  Alys^iiiii  in  part) 

Scariola 

273 

,i9' 

niarilima 

'53 

spicata 

270 

.•;95 

Korycarpus 

I 

19'. 

"  inlegrifolia 

27(5 

,3-^4 

(  niai  1  licna) 

villosa 

275 

3'13 

ai  iiiidiiiaicus 

inii 

r.AMlACKAE 

3    74 

3S6 

diaudnis 

1./ 

Laniium 

9.1 

T^^l 

Kosteletzkya 

2 

423 

albniii 

95 

38.i 

ViiKiiiica 

4?  I 

amplexicaule 

94 

397 

Ki<  \mi:iuaci:ai: 

2 

21  >i 

liisptdtilinii 

9' 

3^9 

Krameria 

2 

261 

niatiilatuni 

"15 

39" 

sccundillora 

21)1 

purpnreuni 

94 

3^6 

Kraunhia 

2 

293 

l.apoi  tea 

3''2 

(  ll'isleiia) 

Canadensis 

I  533 

3^5 

IVuteseells 

291 

Lappa 

390 

niaciostacliys 

3 

5'7 

major 

3483 

38" 

A'l  tX'ia 

minor 

484 

59 

ample  viiatilis 

3 

263 

lomeiilosa 

483 

.59 

Cat  otiitiaita 

264 

Lappaffo 

60 

/>iiitdrlioii 

264 

raeemosa 

I  105 

&-> 

oitideitlalis 

264 

Lappula 

3    54 

60 

opposilifiilia 

263 

(luliinospenntim) 

6.) 

I 'i  Iff  i  nil  a 

2(34 

Ainericana 

3    56 

480 

Kiyitilzkia 

3 

56 

floribunda 

55 

478 

ciassisepala 

57 

I.appula 

54 

4S0 

Fen  leii 

57 

Afyosolis 

54 

542 


GHNHRAL  INDKX  01'   IwVTiN   NAMF.S. 


[Vol..  III. 


i:  I 


Lappula 

Leonlice 

Leapedeza 

Limosella 

Tixiiiia 

3    55 

Hidliih  oidrs 

2    91 

viohKea 

2  322 

temiifolia 

3  16s 

\'irt'iiiian,i 

5S 

Leontodon 

3  -^''<'' 

"  aiii;ii\li/olia 

323 

I,i.\.\i.'i:aiv 

2  3l« 

Lapsana 

3  2h2 

aiitiiniiiak' 

:'( ii  1 

\'ir;riiiica 

32.5 

Linaria 

3  '45 

Cdiiniiiiiiis 

262 

(  a  1  I'll  Ilia  II  It  III 

2:9 

Lesqiierella 

3   1)6 

Canadensis 

146 

Larix 

I    51 

liii  liiiii 

2' .6 

(  /  'esiciii  ia  in  p 

ail) 

(.ynihalai  ia 

144 

,/  meritana 

51 

niidicaiilo 

2(.(i 

arclica 

nS 

Ehilina 

"45 

liiriciiiii 

54 

Taia  vaciim 

2;i 

"  I'liisliii 

',!« 

Keiiislaefolia 

146 

Lathyrus 

2  5-'9 

Lconurus 

3     ')2 

arRriUia 

■37 

Linari.i 

H6 

dLcapliyllus 

oil 

Carili  ira 

•I,; 

IvMK'tlmaiiiii 

137 

repens 

'47 

glaiiii/oliiis 

5^2 

Marrnbiastrum 

93 

Klob(i-a 

136 

spill  ia 

145 

linrai  is 

3'6 

Sibiricus 

"3 

uraeilis 

137 

sliiala 

M7 

111:11  iliinuH 

3.V) 

Lepailivs 

3  41^ 

l.iidoviciaiia 

•37 

vuli;aris 

146 

iiiyrlifoliiis 

.1^' 

col  inn  iia  lis 

419 

ov.ilifolia 

1,17 

1. in  del  a 

"  iiiacr.intliiis 

•i.ii 

"  piilclui  1  iiiia 

4111 

spatliulata 

'jtJ 

Jlen:oin 

2    98 

orlinikucus 

.Vi2 

piiiiiiila 

415 

l.ciii  aiilliciiiiiiii 

iiichsiae/o/iii 

98 

ornatiis 

3.i' 

Til  lilies 

419 

air  lie  11  III 

3  457 

l.indeinia 

palusllis 

5,1" 

Lepargyraea 

2  4''7 

:ii!'^aic 

457 

altciiuala 

3  '<34 

fiolvnidi  films 

351 

[Sill  pliri  ilia) 

Leucelene 

3  ?,'^^ 

Linnaea 

3  234 

pratt  nsis 

xy- 

arRciiU'a 

4'.S 

( .  \sler  in  part) 

borc.-alis 

235 

wnosiis 

53'> 

Caiiadi  n^is 

467 

ericoicles 

3'^.'i 

I.ininyiis 

I.ArKAClCAi; 

2     95 

rotiinilifolia 

467 

Leucocrinum 

1  411 

llotaidi 

3  326 

/mid  IIS 

l.c/'iilaiiclie 

inoiitaninn 

411 

Linuir. 

2348 

ncn:oi<i 

9S 

conipo'iitariiiil 

3    31 

/.eiuop'iysalis 

Hoollii 

35" 

Ho  1  ho  Ilia 

96 

Lffiiiiaiillnis 

•jiaiiiiillora 

3  133 

catliarlicum 

35' 

Ciiroliiieiiiis  var.    0 

filivlliiiillioiilcs 

3  51S 

Lcii.'opsiili  11  III 

d  iff"  sum 

35" 

j;  I'll  ir  11  ill /a 

')7 

Lcpidium 

2    IK^ 

.  1 1  {ansa  II 11  III 

3  319 

I'ioridauum 

3.'^." 

melisuiei'olia 

,^S 

api  laliim 

112 

Lcucothou 

i  S',i> 

luimile 

348 

Sassa/ias 

97 

caiiil>i.'Stro 

in 

axillaris 

5f>6 

I.ewisii 

319 

Lavauxin 

2  495 

il  illy  III  11  III 

'13 

Cati  sbaei 

5'i7 

medium 

349 

(Oluiollieia  ill 

pan ) 

Itraba 

III 

raceiiiosa 

567 

peienne 

349 

bracliycar|)a 

403 

i  11  Ici- Died  ill  III 

112 

vecurva 

5''7 

riKidum 

351 

triloba 

•l'i5 

medium 

112 

spicala 

5"7 

SI  in  pi  ex 

35" 

"  W.itsniiii 

405 

prociinibiiis 

13S 

spill  II  losa 

567 

striatum 

35" 

Leavenworthia 

2  15 1 

ruderile            in,  112 

Liiiliis 

sulcatum 

35" 

Aricliaiixii 

"35 

sativum 

112 

see  Lacinaria  3 

V5  'S 

usitalissiinum 

348 

torulosa 

135 

VirRiiiicum 

112 

i;i  aiiiiiii/olia  3 

i(j   ',1^ 

\irKiiiianiim 

349 

uni  flora 

135 

Leptamnium 

3  "97 

"  d  11  bio 

3  3i« 

Lipai  is 

Lechea 

2  4|i 

{ /Cfiiplic^iis) 

ill  lei  media 

3,r, 

liliilolia 

1  476 

inUriiK'dia 

411 

Vii«iiiianuiii 

107 

odoialissiiiia 

3'9 

I.oeselii 

477 

jiiiiipcrina 

414 

Leptandra 

3  171 

panic  II  lata 

3"9 

Lipocarpha 

I  275 

I.cKBttlii 

■145 

(  /  'eioiiica  in  p 

111) 

p  11  mi  la 

3'« 

iiiaculata 

275 

major              4, 

59.  442 

VirKinici 

3  171 

s/)icala 

Lippia 

3    72 

iiiaritima 

443 

Lcplanlliiis 

I  :v-o 

"  monlaiia 

31S 

euueifolia 

73 

minor 

442  "3 

see  Heterauthera 

si/iiari  iilosa 

317 

laneeolata 

73 

A'ovae-Carsaicaf  412 

I  380 

Liguaticum 

2  5"! 

nodi  flora 

73 

raceimilosa 

2  4(2 

Leptilon 

3  'h'y> 

aclaei/'o/iiint 

5"9 

Liquidambar 

2  193 

stricla 

44) 

{  l'.iii;eioii  in  p 

art) 

Caiiadense 

519 

a^pli'iiifolia 

I  489 

temiifolia 

443 

Caiiadense 

3  391 

Scdtieum 

5'9 

pcre::;yina 

489 

tliymifolia 

442-3 

divaricaluin 

39' 

Ligustrum 

2  (h)\ 

Styr  leiflua 

2  193 

villosa 

442 

Lepiocaiilis 

vulfiare 

(.o) 

Liriodeudron 

2    49 

Ledum 

2  ,S57 

ilivai  icoliis 

2  537 

Lilaeopsis 

2  52'' 

Tulipifera 

49 

buxi/oIiiiiH 

562 

cell  ill  a  Ills 

557 

( Cianlzia) 

f.isianlliiis 

Groi'iilaiKlicuti 

557 

paleiis 

527 

lineata 

521 

glaiici/olius 

3  612 

lalifoliiiiii 

5^7 

Leptochloa 

I  1S2 

1,11.1  \e'i;AK 

I  410 

Rnsselliaiius 

612 

pal'uslre 

557 

mucronata 

1S2 

Lilium 

I  .(if) 

Listera 

I  472 

I.eersia 

Leplodaclyloii 

aiidiinini 

4"7 

auslralis 

473 

see  Homalocenchrus 

caespilosiim 

3    f^ 

Caiiadense 

4'7 

convallarioides 

473 

I  120 

[.cplo<;lollis 

2  255 

Caroliiiiaiium 

41S 

eordata 

473 

Legouzia 

3  255 

I.eplopoda 

Catesbaci 

417 

reiiiformis 

3  5" 

(Sfieciilaria) 

brachvpoda 

3  45''> 

Cirayi 

41.S 

Lithospermum 

3    63 

bi  flora 

250 

Leptorchis 

I  470 

riiiladclpliiciim     416 

angusti  folium 

65 

Uptocarpa 

SS*"' 

U.iparis) 

siiperbiiiu       4 

7,  4KH 

arvense 

63 

pirfoliata 

256 

liliifolia 

476 

tiKriiuim 

419 

canescens 

65 

LlicUMINOSAi: 

2  262 

I.oeselii 

477 

umbellatum 

4'7 

Carolinianum 

65-6 

LeiiifilivHiiiii 

Leplosei  IS 

I,i.mn-.\ntiiaci;ai 

2  3^5 

C.iiielini 

65 

buxifoiiiim 

2  563 

soiielioides 

3  270 

Limnauthemura 

2  622 

liirliim 

65 

I.icnNi:iUACi;AK 

I  4S9 

Lcpturus 

I  225 

a(iiialieiitii 

623 

lati  folium 

64 

Leitneria 

489 

filiroriiiis 

226 

laeiniosuiii 

C22 

ollleiiiale 

64 

I'loridana 

4H9 

paiiiciilaliis 

179 

nympliaeoides 

623 

pilosum 

64 

I,i:mnaci:ae 

I  365 

Lespedoza 

2  321 

liaclivspci  mum     623 

lenelliim 

52 

Lemna 

365 

atiffustifolia 

324 

Limuobium 

I    94 

Torreyi 

64 

AtiKoleiisis 

i(^?, 

capitala 

32) 

Spoii^ia 

'H 

I'iiXinianiim 

67 

gibba 

1<>1 

"  SCI  icea 

32  1 

Limodorum 

I  4.S0 

Li  1  sea 

minima 

3  5'«i 

frutescens 

325-4 

(Calopoi^ron) 

t^eniculala 

7.    97 

minor 

I  -//i 

bitta,  and  var. 

321 

piaeciix 

471 

Littorella 

3  2" 

paucicoslata 

,V'5 

leptostaeliya 

2  325 

tuberosum 

480 

lacuslris 

211 

perpusilla 

366 

loiitji  folia 

524 

11  ni  folium 

4S,) 

uuiflora 

211 

jhil  villi  za 

31'' 5 

Nuttallii 

322 

Limonium 

2  594 

L()A.SACi;AIi 

2  458 

irisulca 

366 

polyslacltya 

32 1 

(Slalice) 

Lobelia 

3  257 

VaUliviaiia 

366 

procumbeiis 

322 

Carolinianum 

59 1 

amoena 

258 

Lemnliys 

repens 

321 

Limosella 

3  164 

"  glandulifera 

258 

hyaciiilhiiia 

I  423 

reiicniala 

323 

aipiatica 

1C15 

Canbyi 

261 

Lentibulacuak 

3  i8« 

striata 

32,=, 

auslialis 

165 

eardinalis 

258 

Leonlice 

Stuvei,  and  vars.   323 

calycina 

160 

Dortmanna 

257 

Vol,.  III.] 

Lobelia 

glandulosa  3  259 

inflatii  2(io 

Kalniii  I'fo 

kptoslacliys  3  26c  1 

Niiltiillii  211 

paluilos.i  257 

piibL'r\ila  2,S9 

spicita  2,sy 

"  liirtilla  2,st) 

"  parviflora  2-tU 

syphilitica  25S 

"  I.udoviciatia       25S 

f.obiilaria  2  153 

Locflingia  2    ,;H 

'IVx.iiia  ,^S 

I,OGA.N'IACK.\i;  2  604 

Loiseleui  ia 

procumbent  2  563 

Lolium  I  223 

pcrcnne  223 

teinuloiituiu  223 

Lonicera  3  237 

Capri  folium  237 

ciliata  2)1 

coerulea  240 

Dici  villa  2(2 

dioica  23S 

Doufilasii  238 

(lava  239 

i;  I  a  in  a  2;,.'' 

Klaucescens  238 

IHmla  237 

liirsuta  2^8 

involiicrata  242 

Japoiiica  240 

Maiylandicii  2  Tki^ 

oblontrifulia  3  240 

parviflora  238 

senipervirins  239 

Sulliv.iiUii  2V) 
Svmphoricarpos   236 

Tatarica  241 

Xylostcutn  2)1 

J.ophanlltu<: 

see  Agastache  3  84-3 

aiiisiiliis  .S3 

LophiiH'arpiis  1  !~6-7 

Lophiola  i  446 

Americana  44*') 

a  urea  .((6 

Lophotocarpus  i    86 
(Sagillaria  in  part) 

c.dyciiius  ,87 

I,oRANrii.\cn.\i-;  i  534 

Lotus  2  279 
(inc.  ffosackia) 

Americanus  2811 

corniculalus  2.80 

sericeus  2S0 

Lo:vellia 

aurea  3  \=,t. 

Ludwigia  2  477 

alata  478 

alternifolia  479 

"  linearifolia  479 

atcuala  477 

cvliiidrica  478 

decurrens  480 

srlandulosa  478 

liirtella  479 

linearis  470 

paliiilris  476 

polycarpa  478 

rudis  477 

snliaerocarpa  477 

Ludwigiantha  2  476 

(l.udzvigia  in  part) 

arcuata  477 

Lunaria  2  133 

annua  134 

biennis  134 

rediviva  133 

Lupinus  2  2(38 


GKNKRAI,   IN'DI'.X   OF   I,.VTIN 


Lupinus 

argeiiteus  2  209 

ar^oplnllus  2(,<i 

dtiuiiiheii'!  26<) 
oriia/m  \-,\r.  t;lab.  261) 
perennis  and  var.  269 

riattcnsis  2('j9 

pusillus  270 

I.uzula 

sii-  Juncoides  i  396 

Lychnis  2     13 

afliiiis  i.T 

alba  13 

alpina  7 

ajjetala  13 

Clialceilonica  14 

Curonaiia  16 

dioica  14 

dill  ma  14 

IJrummondii  i,-, 

l'"loscucuH  I  1 

G  iiha, i;i>  7 

Tespirlina  13 

Lycium  3  137 

llarbarum  var.  13H 

vulsare  138 

Lycopersicon  3  137 
(^o/tiiiiiiii  in  i)art, 

Lycopcrsiiinii) 

esculenliim  137 

r.ycoptrsicon  137 

I,YC()rui)i.\ci:Ai;  i    39 

Lycopodium  i    39 

alpiiuun  42 

aUipecuroides  41 

unnutinum  42 

a  pod  inn  45 

Carolinianum  43 

clavatnm  43 

C(jmplanatum  4; 

dendroideiim  41 

inundatinn  41 

lucidulum  .in 

obscurum  |[ 

rupesli  e  4  ( 

.sabinaefolium  42 

se/ax'inoidcs  44 

ScUiKo  40 

Lycopsia  3    68 

arvensis  '>■■< 

l'irifiiii(a  63 

Lycopus  3  1 16 

Americanus  117 

Kuropacus  118 
■'  vars.              117  118 

lueidus  iiS 

rubellus  117 

seshilifolius  117 

sinualiis  117 

Viiifiiiictis  116 

Lygodcsmia  3  276 

juiicea  2-(>-y 

minor  268 

rostrala  277 

Lygodium  i      7 

)),ilmatum  7 

Lroiiia 

lii;iislriiia  2  5711 

Lysimachia  2  587 

liybrida  5911 

lonf;i/olia  5<)i 

Nuinmularia  5X9 

punctata  ,^88 

fiuadri  folia  ,'588 

siricia  5S8 

Icrrestris  588 

Ihyrsifloia  591 

vulKaris  5S7 
see  Steironema  589-90 

I.VTlIKACi'.Mi  2  468 

Lythrum  3  471 

alatuni  472 

Hyssopifolia  471 

Kennedyanum  472 

lineare  472 


Lythrum 

pflii>la!iim 
Salicaria 
veitieillatnm 
Vuliierari  1 

Maclijcranthcra  3  3>  | 

sessilillora  3^) 

tanaeetifnlia  -,"^1 

Madura 

aiiranliiii a  i  329 

Macounastium  i  341 

Inlaiidieum  312 

Macrocalyx  3    .13 
i/://isia) 

Nyclelea  45 

.Mac.noi.iackai;     2    47 

Magnolia  2    47 

acuminata  48 

iiiiriciilala  47 

I'rascri  47 

X/aiua  4S 

miieropliylla  47 

iripetala  48 

iiiii!ii,-lla  4"< 

VirRiniana  .(8 

yfalioiiia 

ripe  II -i  2    90 

Miiianlliennnn 

( 'ii  II II dense  i  431 

Mairania  2  572 
( Arcloslapliylos  in 

part) 

.ilpiiia  .573 

.'Ifa/iit/iodendron 

ozaluiii  2  .(27 

Malapocnna  2    97 
(  'I'lirnnllieraJ.iliea ) 

HI  nieuhita  97 

Malacotlitix  3  269 

sonelioides  270 

.l/,//,/.i/s- 

unifolia  \  476 

Malus  2  2.;( 

ansjustifolia  23  ( 

corunaria  233 

loeiisi.s  235 

Malus  2",6 

Soulardi  23s 

MAr.VACICAK  2  413 

Malva  2  410 

Aleea  417 

Caroliniana  .(23 

cocci  nea  .\2\ 

crispa  417 

in:'i>lucra/a  419 

uujscliata  417 
rolundifolia    4i('),  417 

sylvei-tris  416 

liiiiuf^iilala  419 

verlicillata  417 

Malvastrum  2  420 

angustum  42>> 

ciicciueum  421 

^f•U:ropsi3 

It  is  pi  da  2  420 

Miiiinllaria 

A'u//,i//ii  2  462 

see  Cactus  2  .(62 

Manisuris  i  i>h) 

rusjosa  100 

.Mai<antaci:ak  i  431 

Mariana  3  490 
( C'oi dims  in  p.irt) 
Si/ I'll  II  III 

.Mariana  4()<) 

Marisciis 

cylindriciis  i  243 

eiliiiinliis  2(6 

Marnibium  3    83 

vuluare  84 

Marshallia  3  4(3 

caespitosa  4  (3 

latifolia  443 

trinerva  443 

Mar.silicackak  1    33 


NAMKS. 

543 

Marsilea 

«   33 

2   173 

muci  onala 

3> 

173 

iialans 

34 

m          .(71 

(jnadri  folia 

33 

172 

vestita 

31 

MaRTV.NIACI'.AIv  3  200 

Mattynia  200 

Louisiana  201 

prohoscidea  :oi 

.l/anila 

Co/ula  3  455 

Ma/oiirca 

nii^rescens  3  160 

Matricaria  3  438 

asleroidea  352 

Chamomilla  439 

discoidea  .(60 

glaslifolia  332 

Krandiflor.i  459 

iuodora  439 

matricatioides  460 

l\ii  tlienium  438 

AfAVACACICAi;  I  367 

Mayaca  V18 

Aubleti  368 

Micluiii  vii  3O8 

Mecoiiopsis 

iliplivlla  2  102 

Medeola  i  433 

VirKiniana  43s 

Medica^o  3  271 

Arabica  273 

ilenticulala  272 

Iniiulina  272 

niiiciilala  273 

sativa  272 

VirKinica  323 

Meehania  3    85 

\  Cedronclla  in  ])art ) 

cordata  86 

Mogapterium  2  494 

( OlCnotliera  in  part) 

l''rcmontii  493 

Mis-ouriense  494 

Meibomia  2   \\t, 
(  Dcsiiiodiiini) 

aniriisii/oiia  2  318 

arenicola  315 

bracteos.i  317 

Canadensis  320 
c.i n  e s ce  n s  an d  var.  3 1 7 

Dlllenii  319 

/■'loridana  318 

glabella  316 

unindidora  314 

lUinoensis  319 

laevitrata  318 

louKifolia  317 

Marylandica  320 

lliclianxii  313 

Mudiflora  314 

oblusa  321 

ocliroleuca  315 
]>anicul.ita,  vars.    318 

(jaueidora  31  ( 

rhonibifolia  318 

ri^ida  320 

rolundifolia  31^ 

.sessilifolia  316 

stricla  316 

viridiflora  319 

Melampodium  3  .(115 

cinereum  4116 

Melampyrum  3  i,S7 

Aineiicdiium  i,S8 

l.itifolinm  188 

lineare  188 

Mki,antiiaci:ae  1  Tfyt 

Mclanthium  (1 .6 

fflaucum  405 

hybridiim  407 

lati  folium  407 
muscaeloxicum     403 

parviflorum  407 

racemosum  400 


544 


Ol'NIvUAL  INI)i:X   OF  I.ATIN  NAMI'S. 


[Vor,.  III. 


.  ^ 


Mulanthlum 

.Uri/)i/ns 

Monntera 

Vii^;iiiii-iiiii 

I 

l'" 

livniiiilis 

2 

-Ml 

Caroliniana 

3  ■^«) 

Mi:r..\sruM.M.i:.\i 

1 

r;,; 

sif  Amelanchier 

257  || 

Monniera 

llHI 

Melica 

1 

i'y| 

Aiouia        2 

25"-7 

riitundifdlia 

1I>1 

d!li\\i>l}(l 

";.s 

Crataegus 

2 

(1-5 

Mo.\oi.oTVLi:i)ONr.s 

(lill'iiM;! 

1'>.S 

Micrainpelis 

3 

251 

I  r,2 

inutit';i 

Kji 

f  /■'i  liiiiiiiVSlis) 

MoHOlw'pis 

I  5/7 

liarvillciiii 

I'i5 

liibala 

251 

till  iiop(ulioi(ifs 

577 

I'i'i  li-i  1 

I'n 

Micranthemiim 

3 

1(1) 

Xultalliaiia 

577 

SiiiiHiii 

17? 

inicraiUliciMoiil 

■H 

'"1 

Mi).si)|'1;tai.ai; 

2  5i:-> 

Mclilotus 

2 

-7! 

.\  III  till/ It 

161 

MuNOTKnl'ACIOAI' 

•2  551 

.,lhi 

27,? 

Miii'islylis 

Monotropa 

555 

IlllllCil 

271 

vioiiol'lislhl 

I 

475 

llyfofilys 

556 

oiriciiialis 

271 

i>/>lii(i:^loiwiiles 

47" 

fn<cei-a 

551 

rii/i;::i  ;,v 

27.< 

Miluiiiiii 

iiiiilliiTa 

555 

Melissa 

3 

'117 

siaiic/nis 

3 

515 

Monolropsis 

2  555 

Clhw/'iKliinii 

loS 

Milium 

I 

141 

l.S'i  liu'f  iiiil:iu) 

otVu'iii;\lis 

K17 

Liiii/'liiiiii  /ion 

IM 

cidorata 

555 

;'i(l,L'h>i,l,'s 

Il.ll 

11/ hi  III  III 

I  111 

Miintia 

2  2.) 

'■  !■  Cliiiopodium 

I 

,S  ,) 

1  .illlf'l  IS.\lllll 

Ml) 

( 'litiiii  issoiiis 

5 

Melothria 

3 

25' > 

<-  iTiisiiin 

1  n 

fiiiitana 

I 

IKtululii 

250 

/'inulaliini 

I  ill 

Moroiigia 

3   255 

Mi:nisi'i:umali:.\ 

: 

.Villa 

iSiiiiiiiikia) 

2 

0,! 

rcii  iitra 

J 

.,,r. 

an«:iistata 

256 

Menispermum      2 

9. 

.  'U 

.Tnilriiu 

iinciiiala 

25''> 

CaiiaiU  tl^c 

'11 

mi  i;  II  si  i  folia 

3  411 

MOKACKAIC 

I  5;7 

Ciiioliniiin 

91 

MlMuSALlCAi; 

2 

251 

Morus 

527 

l.xoiti 

'.'.> 

Mi'iiosii 

alba 

52H 

Mentha 

3 

IlS 

/iliciiloidrs 

2 

251 

/>af>yri/eia 

520 

alopifiirouk'S 

1  ?ii 

llliiiKCiisis 

255 

rubra 

.528 

aiiiiaticii 

121 

III  Is  ia 

25''' 

Miihlenbergia 

I  Ml 

iirviiisis 

121 

Mimulus 

3 

157 

aiiibiKiia 

'15 

hoieatis 

122 

alaiiis 

1 5'"^ 

eapillaris 

'45 

Caii:ul(  iisis 

122 

Biillalus 

>5H 

coniata 

•  44 

"  t;lah}\ila 

122 

Jaimsii 

15B 

dihilis 

145 

ciliMla 

119 

inii>eliatiis 

150 

diffusa 

144 

<:ns]ia 

121 

riinti'iis 

'57 

riTihl 

146 

Ki'iitilis 

122 

Mitchella 

3 

2ir. 

Kloiiifiala 

145 

li)ii);ifoli.i 

I  2.1 

rc-pi-ns 

216 

Iftacillima 

'15 

I'uli  iiiii 

i-n 

Mitella 

2 

l.S<) 

Mexicana 

'42 

pipt  rita 

119 

ilipliylla 

iSo 

iniL-ruspernia 

145 

roliiiulifolia 

121) 

inula 

iSl 

I)iiiiKcns 

I. ,6 

saliva 

122 

Mili,;<ht 

2 

61  )5 

raceniiisa 

145 

spicata 

119 

fifliolala 

(xifi 

sobolifera 

1(2 

sy/:r'i/ris 

120 

Modiola 

2 

425 

sylvatica 

'45 

••i  lid  is 

nil 

Ciroliniana 

42? 

lentiifliiia 

144 

Mentzclia 

2 

-15^ 

mill  Hilda 

425 

H'illdfiaivii 

'44 

albicaulis 

•t.S'l 

MochrinKia 

2 

55 

Miili;i\liinn 

diiiea 

45''< 

iattrillnra 

55 

niiimiiuilinii 

3  275 

(li  c-api  tala 

•15') 

niacropliylla 

55 

Floi  iiiaiiiim 

275 

laevicaulis 

459 

Moenchia              2 

2S    2i| 

Inuiiphafiiin 

276 

inula 

•iss 

irict.i 

20 

Muntoa 

I  18^ 

oliKii?i)(.Tiiia 

.|5S 

Mohrodendron 

2 

5i>'< 

sipiarrosa 

'^5 

oniiifi! 

4  Si,) 

1  II,il,-ua) 

Muscari 

I  42 ( 

Mi;nv.\ntiiai.i-..\ 

Carulinuin 

5'*^ 

botryoides 

424 

2 

C.21 

Molinia 

I 

1-7 

raceiiiiisuni 

425 

Menyanthes 

2 

(.21 

LiH-niUa 

1^7 

Miisiiiioii 

iiyiiipliaiiiirlrs  _ 

2. 

62,^ 

Mollugo 

I 

5'!^ 

seu  Musineon 

2  527 

pti/,:/a 

2 

4^ 

viiliiillata 

5'!'^ 

Musineon 

527 

Imchyspcnna 

U2\ 

MiiDioi  ih\a 

divaricatum 

527 

trifoliala 

(•2> 

fill  It;  a  la 

3 

25' 

tenuifiiliiitn 

527 

Menziesia 

2 

•<'l 

Monarda 

3 

102 

tracliysperniuin 

527 

fcrruirinea  var. 

?,C^2 

aii'Uala 

104 

Myagrum 

3  514 

glabella 

5^12 

liradbiiriana 

lot 

aii^nilrinn 

2  157 

globiilaiis 

5f)2 

1  iliala 

105 

fa  II  ii  II  la  III  m 

'40 

pilosa 

562 

citrinilura 

io.| 

ptrfoliatuni 

3  514 

tii.x  if>Iiii 

565 

Cliiiopodia 

102 

sali2'iiin 

2  159 

Merimea 

cliiKipmlioiik'S 

'I'l 

Myosotis 

3    f>i( 

Tfxaiia 

2 

438 

didytna 

1112 

arvensis 

62; 

Meriolix 

2 

495 

fistulosa 

I  "5 

f.afpiila 

.541 

{Ol'iiii/lwni  in 

P 

irti 

"  1  iihi  a 

I  "5 

lax  a 

62  1 

scnulata  and  var. 

4i|'i 

liiisiila 

'05 

paUistris 

61  1 

Mertcnsia 

3 

5') 

media 

ii'3 

scorjiioidfs  vars 
suffi  iiliana 

.    61-2  ; 

lanccolata 

r*, 

mollis 

10.5 

3    58 

iiiiiii/iina 

59 

punctata 

lO) 

veriia 

63 

paniciilata 

f)0 

seabra 

103 

I'iiyjiiiana 

55  1 

V'irKiiiica 

60 

Moiiaidella 

Virfjinica 

631 

Mesadenia 

s 

475 

molilalia 

3 

115 

vcrsiciilor 

62 

(Ciit-iiliii  in  part) 

Monescs 

2 

552 

Myosunis 

2    71 

atriplicifolia 

471 

t^ra  iiil  i flora 

555 

niiniimis 

7' 

rciiiforinis 

475 

unilliiia 

555 

Slimtii 

7' 

tuberosa 

471 

Momiiera 

3 

159 

Mvkk'aci:ak 

I  487 

Afcsfii/iis 

Ufi-rfi-sHs) 

Mj  rica 

4871 

Azaiolus 

2 

2;o 

acuiiiiiiala 

iGi 

aspleii  ifoliii 

489; 

CO!  nij'olia 

2|1 

aiiijiltwiiaulis 

160 

Carolinensis 

488  1 

Myrica 

cerifira  I 

C.aU- 
Myriophyllum         2 

altcrnilli)ruiu 

a  III  bii;  II  urn 

I'arwellii 

lietiropliylliiin 

liuniili- 

II  ml  II  in 

I)innatuni 

pniserpiiiacuidos 

srahiiiliiiii 

spieatuni 

tenilluin 

virticillaliiiii 
Myi  iopin  is 

i;t  til  His 
Myi  I  his 

tUiyloni  2 

loir^islylis 
Nabalus  3 

( I'l  fnanlhcs  in  pi 

albus 

altissinius 

aspt.' 

Hcottii 

rrepidineus 

Fi  asi'ii 

inlf'j,iifoliiis 

nanus 

raceiiKisiis 
"  piniiatifidus 

serpeiilarius 
"  inteijiifiilius 

trifolioiatus 

vir^fatus 
Naiadackau  I 

Naias 

llcxilis 

uracilliina 

(iiiadalupensis 

Iiidica 

major 

marina 
Nama  3 

( Hydrolea ) 

affmis 

ovata 

(|uadrivalvis 
Napaea  2 

dioica 

liermafhiodila 
Xiirdosinia 

palmala 

saaillala 
Nardus 

strii'la 
Xai  lliiiiiim 

A  inn  iia  nil  III 

i^liiliiiosiiin 

ossifi  as;iiiH 

fill  he  IIS 
Xiismylliia 

arliciilala 
Xa  si  II  Ilium 

aiiipliihiiim         2 

A  iiiioia<ia 

itirz'isHii/iia 

li  is  fid  II  HI 

Idiiislri' 

iitilaiis  var.  Anwr 

ohiiisiiin  2 

offiiiiiiile 

pal  11  si  I  e 
"  hisfidiim 

scssilijlornm 

si  nil  alum 

sphaerocarpuni 

sy  Ives  he 

ierreslie 
Naumbergia  2 

( l.ysimailiia  in  p; 

fiiillala 

thyrsi  flora 


488 

487 
502 
.5".? 
.■i"l 
,5"t 
,51 '4 
.51 'I 
.5"5 
.5"1 
51 '5 
.51 1 1 
5'  i.i 
,5"5 
5".? 

1  3" 

2  550 
5.10 
288 

iirt) 
2S9 
288 
291 

2i)i> 
291 
289 
2S9 
290 
291 
291 
289 
289 
2S9 
290 

80 
81 
81 
81 
81 
80 
80 

3  49 

49 
,50 
.S'> 

2  419 

.(2i) 
422 

3  46f) 
47" 

I   ■22\ 

224 

I  401 
400 
.|i)l 

400 

1  571 

2  127 
121 
12() 
'25 

,127 
124 
126 
125 

126 
124 
'25 

124 
125 

59' 

iirt) 

I 

5^1 


ik  '^ 


1  488 

4.S7 

n 

2  502 

1111 

S".? 

I 

.S"! 

.S"t 

lUtiu 

5' a 

.S"! 

•S'l,! 

■i'  '1 

icuides   5(i,s 

1 

,So| 

S".< 

,S".! 

im 

5".? 

I     31 

2  530 

s 

5.10 

3  s^'lS 

les  ill 

part ) 

2S0 

288 

291 

2i)<) 

IS 

2yt 

2S() 

ius 

2.'-9 

2qo 

4 

2()I 

fid  us 

29  r 

us 

2S.) 

Folius 

2S.) 

us 

2S9 

290 

13 

I  ('-, 

80 

8i 

I 

81 

ensis 

81 

81 

80 

8n 

3    49 

') 

49 

50 

vis 

•S'l 

2  419 

420 

odihi 

422 

3  469 

470 

I  224 

224 

I 

III  in 

I  401 

III 

400 

in 

401 

400 

<i 

1 371 

n 

iin 

2   127 

ia 

121 

Ilia 

126 

I2,S 

J  0  — 

r.  AmerAij 

2   124 

126 

125 

inn 

125 

It  in 

126 

I 

124 

irptiin      125 

124 

125 

2  ."-gi 

fiia  in  part) 

Vol..  III.] 


OENTvRAL   INDEX   OF   LATIN   NAMES. 


545 


5«i 


Navarretia 

3    V- 

Nymphaea 

Ophioglossom 

Osmunda 

(d'llia  in  part) 

liibeiosa 

2     11 

vulifatuiu       I  2, 

3  I'll 

l.iiiiai  ia 

minima 

42 

Nyssa 

2   SI" 

Opiiioiliiza 

rigalis 

Nazia 

I  105 

H<iuatica 

547 

Milieola 

2  Ia/) 

Slrulhiopleris 

(  Trao'iii) 

bifliira 

547 

Ophrys 

It'iiiahi 

racumosii 

lo.S 

intilli/liiia 

517 

cei  nun 

I   471 

I'irginiana 

Nfikei  id 

2  IC15 

sylvatic.i 

547 

Ctiralloi  lii:a 

47-^ 

Ostrya 

A'cfiiiiniii 

I'mi/loia 

517 

cordala 

473 

N'lrginiana 

aienintrs 

3  4011 

Oakfsia 

2  3«3 

lilii/olia 

476 

I'll  i;inu(i 

No;  II  lido 

4(XJ 

faiberiiUi 

1  410 

I.neselii 

477 

O.XAI.IDACKAE 

Neil'liii 

.tessili/cliii 

4'x> 

Monopliyllos 

475 

Oxalis 

ofiiili  folia 

2  195 

Obolaria 

2  92" 

Opiolliecd 

.■\citosella 

Nel II  III  III  11  in 

Caioliiiiaiia 

3  If"' 

rioridana 

I  592 

corniculata 

luleiim 

2    45 

VitRiiiica 

2  62n 

Opulaster 

2   195 

cymosa 

shecicsiiin 
Nelumbo 

49 

Ociinitin 

1 1'liysorai pa ) 

111  i  pes 

2     45 

friilfueiis 

3  123 

(  Xt-illia ) 

grandis 

lulea 

45 

Odontites 

3  183 

opulifulius 

"'5 

ricurva 

Nelumbo 

46 

(llai isia  in  part  1 

Opuntia 

2   4'i2 

stricta 

niiii/fia 

46 

Odontites 

"S3 

arboiescens 

465 

violacea 

Nemastylis 

X  452 

Oh'.naiillie 

Camancliica 

464 

Oxvbapliiis 

acuta 

452 

ambigiia 

2  5'3 

fragilis 

464 

see  Allionia       I 

gemmiflora 

45* 

Jilifoi  misa 

5'3 

liumifusa 

463 

aui^usli/olius 

JVi'tito/iaiillits 

2  .W3 

lerelifoH 

5 '3 

mesacanllia 

4"3 

liodiiii 

Caiiadfiisis 

.193 

OEnothera          2 

485-96 

Missoui  iensis 

464 

liirsuliis 

fasckiilai  IS 

393 

biacliycarpa 

493 

Opuntia 

463 

Oxycoccus 

Nemophila 

3    45 

caespilosa 

492 

polyacantlia 

464 

erytlirocarpus 

microcaly.K 

45 

ciiiiesceiis 

494 

Ma/ine.u/uii 

463 

miicrocarpus 

Neobcckia 

clirysanllia 

491 

tortispina 

463 

(Oxycoccus 

ai/iialica 

3  127 

Fremoiilit 

495 

vuli^aris 

463 

palnslris 

Nfollta 

grandi/tora 

486-7 

ORCinD.\CEAE 

I  45" 

Oxydendrum 

see  Gyrostachys 

gulliilala 

2  491 

Orchis 

I  459 

arboreum 

I 

470-2 

Hailuegi 

495 

fissa 

4tj6 

Oxygraphis 

piibesceiis 

I  474 

liumifusa 

4-^7 

rotundifolia 

460 

I  K'aniini  iilusin 

Nepeta 

3    86 

laciniata 

487 

spectabilis 

459 

Cymbalaria 

Cataria 

86 

"  grandis 

487 

see  Habenaiia   I 

460-6 

"  .ilpina 

Cleilioma 

S7 

lavenduhiffolia     495 

Oreocarya 

3    57 

Oxypolis 

iiederacea 

87 

macrocarpa 

494 

1  Erilrichium  and 

1  Tii-deinannia) 

Ncphrodium 

minima 

487 

Krinilzkia  ii 

part  1 

filiformis 

acrosliclioides 

I     14 

Afissourieiisis 

494 

fulvocanescens 

.59 

rigidus 

Ian  OS  11  in 

31 

m  uric  a  la 

486 

glomiTata 

.58 

"  longifolius 

piinclilobulum 

12 

JVullallii 

489 

sericea 

58 

Oxyria 

Nesaca 

pinnalifida 

488 

suffriiticosa 

58 

digyna 

veilicillala 

2  471 

rhombipetala 

48T 

Origanum 

3  no 

reniformis 

Neslia 

2  139 

serrulala 

496 

flexuosuin 

III 

Oxylropis 

paniculata 

140 

"  spinulosa 

41)6 

'vulgare 

III 

pod(Karpa 

Nestronia 

3  5'2 

siiiiiala 

487 

Omithogalum 

I  423 

seriiea 

{Darbya) 

"grandis 

487 

biiuilre 

4>5 

see  Spiesia        2 

umbellula 

5' 3 

scapiireia 

492 

liirsiiluin 

44" 

Pachylophus 

Nicandra 

125 

speriosa 

492 

nutans 

424 

{OEnollirra  in 

Nicotiana 

3  '4" 

Iriloba 

493 

umbellatum 

423 

caespitosa 

axillaris 

141 

"  pariifloi a 

493 

Ori)iiancii.\ci;af 

3  104 

Pachvpodium 

longi  flora 

141 

see  Anogra 

2  488-9 

Orobanche 

'95 

iniri^ri  folium 

rustica 

140 

Kneiffia 

489-9' 

Ameritana 

197 

Pachysandra 

Nolaphoebe 

Onagta 

4H5-6 

fasfinilnia 

195 

procumbens 

Borbonia 

2    96 

Oldenlandia 

3  215 

I.udoviciana 

19" 

Pachystima 

Nothocalais 

3  278 

uni  flora 

215 

minor 

196 

Canbyi 

(  Tioximon  in 

part) 

see  Houstonia 

212-15 

rain^sa 

196 

Myrsinites 

cuspidata 

278 

Ol.KACKAi; 

2  600 

uni  flora 

•95 

Paepalanllius 

Notholaena 

I    32 

0.\.\GKAti:AlC 

2  475 

I'irginiaiia 

107 

JIaz'idulus 

dealbaki 

32 

Onagra 

2  4S5 

Orotttium 

I  364 

Pa  I  a  fox  ia 

nivea 

32 

(OEnothera  in  part) 

aquaticum 

.364 

Hookeriana 

Nothoscordum 

I  4'5 

biennis 

2  486 

Orophaca 

2  3o<.> 

Panax 

bivalve 

4"5 

"  Krandiflora 

4S6 

{ Asliagalus  in 

part ) 

( Alalia  in  part 

si  rial  urn 

4'5 

cruciata 

485 

cacspitosa 

306 

quinqiiefolium 

Nupliar 

Oakesiana 

486 

sericea 

.i'>7 

trifolium 

see  Nymphaea 

2  42-3 

Onoclea 

I     s 

Otthocarpus 

3  180 

Panel  ilium 

Nullallia 

sensibilis 

9 

luteus 

181 

Carolinianum 

ditiilala 

2  418 

Slrutliiopleris 

9 

Oryzopsis 

I  1.39 

ociidenlale 

involiicrala 

419 

Ononis 

2  274 

asperifolia 

140 

Panicularia 

Nyctagixaceae 

I  594 

repens 

274 

Canadensis 

139 

(  Glyieria) 

Nympiiaeaceae 

a    41 

Onopordon 

3  49" 

cuspidata 

141 

acu'tiflora 

Nymphaea 

42 

Acanthi  um 

491 

juncea 

'39 

Americana 

advena 

42 

Onosmodium 

3    66 

melaiiocarpa 

14c 

aiiguslala 

Fletcheri 

43 

Carolinianum 

66 

membranacea 

141 

boreal  is 

Kalmiana 

43 

moUe 

66 

niicrantha 

140 

brachypliylla 
Canadensis 

lulea  var.  Kalm.     4.^ 

Virginianutu 

67 

Osmorrhiza 

niicropliylla 

43 

Onycltium 
densum 

bievislylis 

2  530 

di  si  a  IIS 

Nelumbo 

46 

I    30 

see  Washingtonia 

elongata 

odorala 

44 

Oonopsis 

3  327 

2  530 

fluitans 

"  rosea 

44 

( Bigelovia  in 

part) 

OsMt'NDACEAE 

I       4 

laxa 

"  minor 

44 

Kngelniatiiii 

327 

Osmunda 

5 

ner\'ata 

reniformis 

44 

Ophiogloss.vceae       I 

cinnamomea 

5 

obtusa 

rubrodisca 

43 

0'  hioglossum 

t      1 

Claytoniana 

6 

palli<la 

saKittaefolia 

43 

arenarium 

3  494 

interrupla 

6 

Panicum            i  i 

telragona 

45 

Engelmanni 

494 

lanceolala 

4 

Addisonii 

I      3 

5 

9 

3 

4 

'  507 

5<'7 

507 

2  .M4 

.345 

3*5 

346 

347 

.346 

347 

347 

.346 

345 

591-6 

596 

596 

.w. 

5S2 

,582 

581 

581 

2  570 

571 

2    86 

part) 

86 

86 

2  5'3 

5'3 

513 

513 

I  553 

553 

553 

2  307 

.W 

.307-<) 

2  492 

part ) 

492 

2  110 

2  384 

.384 

2  .395 

395 

395 

I  373 

3  447 

2  507 

) 

507 

5"7 

I  445 

445 

I  210 

213 

212 

215 

3  505 

505 

I  211 

215 

212 

213 

311 

212 

21 1 

213 

12-125 

3  500 

36 


540 

OKNKk.VK    INI)i;.\ 

Ol-    LATIN    NAMIIS. 

Panicum 

Panicum 

Paulownia 

aKroHtidifiiniU' 

«   IIS 

Walteii 

iiii/'i  1  'iilis 

3  157 

i/f  <|'>/|'/|/C. 

"5 

I   113,  117 

3  J'l" 

tiiiiientosa 

'57 

uiiiaruiii 

\22 

Weiiieri 

Si  11 

Pectis 

3  45 1 

i/«(V/'> 

IIS 

Wiko.xiaiMim 

I    IK) 

;in({U->lifiili,i 

151 

aiigustifoliHiii 

1  .'.' 

xaiitliiipliysiiiu 

I  IS 

Pediculaiia 

1S4 

Atlaiiticuiii 

3  .SKI 

I'ATAx  i:uaci:ai. 

J       (|N 

(////  /( iiliiiii 

185 

aiituiiiiKik 

I  i.'t 

Papavcr 

l») 

Canadensis 

l^(l 

barlmliitiiiii 

1  ji) 

al|>iiiuiil 

nil 

capitala 

1H7 

HiikmUii 

3  S'ii 

ArKiiiiime 

llX) 

eiijilirasinides 

18s 

l>orealf 

I  ii<i 

duliiiini 

llK) 

ll.iinniea 

IMi 

BriUt'iii 

3  497 

iiiiiliiiiiile 

I1.CI 

l''uil)i-liiae 

18». 

caiiiffili  c 

I    12.1 

Kbocas 

Ml» 

C.riienlandica 

1S4 

cai)ill:ii<.-            I 

•  ,1.  "I 

xnmiiiferum 

l|'» 

lanceiilata 

IJ^S 

,  a>  iiiiiiiini 

111 

I'Arii  iiiN  \li:ai. 

a  21)2 

I.appciiiica 

|8( 

ciaiiik>timiiii 

llH 

I'm  daiilliiK 

|lalu^tris 

IS.S 

coliiinim    I   113 

.  3  4'/' 

C' III  11  en  SIS 

J  \y- 

liarvillora 

185 

C(ituiiil>iatHiiii 

3  H'K) 

Parietaria 

I  53 1 

pedicellata 

181 

coininiitatiim 

I   117 

I'tiiiisylvimica 

,S34 

ir.'ilSSo:  liDhI 

1^5 

lOti  Ml  III;  Id  III  mil     i.'2 

Parnagsi'a 

2  I^2 

Pellaea 

I     29 

CrusRalli 

'l.i 

a^aritiilia 

IS4 

alropnrpurca 

29 

Cm  /i\ii 

lit 

Caroliiiiana 

182 

densa 

3" 

IhlClVlfll 

•  7.S 

Kraiidirolia 

182 

j,'iiieilis 

29 

dilnlr 

1 25 

Ki)t-^ebuti 

IH3 

Stelleri 

29 

depauperattiiii 

121 

palustri'i 

l^i 

Peltandra 

1   3C>2 

(ticliotuniuiu 

12(1 

paivilliira 

183 

iillia 

302 

ilif/'ii^iii'i 

12) 

Paronychia 

2      38 

saKiltaefolia 

3''' 2 

diKitaiidides 

114 

arK.vroedHia 

3'' 

iiiidul'ilii 

3"-' 

diz'iii  ii  Ilium 

114 

dic'liiitonia 

39 

VirKinica 

3"  2 

diz'ei  i^ins 

124 

Jamesii  and  var 

39 

Pentstemon 

3  150 

Katoiii 

3  4W 

sessilifldia 

39 

acnininatus 

'54 

elutiKatuni 

'    'I5 

Parosela 

2  287 

alliidiis 

152 

tilifoi  me 

III 

(Pal,  11) 

anKUstifolius 

155 

■flexile 

I  24 

aurea 

288 

cmescens 

151 

);\in(iihilHm 

123 

Dalea 

288 

Ciibaea 

'53 

gibhiim 

125 

eniieaudra 

2-^7 

loei  iileiis 

15s 

gliiliiiim 

111 

lanata 

288 

cristatUH 

"51 

ffhiiii  mil 

126 

nana 

3  517 

Ditritalis 

'52 

liiaiis 

114 

Parsonsia 

J  473 

Klaber 

154 

hhlelluin 

113 

^  Cuplua ) 

Kfacilis 

'53 

hi  spill  11  III 

"3 

pttiolala 

473 

Krandillorns 

■  54 

implicatum 

3  4'1-H 

Parthenium 

3  410 

Ilaydeni 

'55 

ini'nliiliim 

I  121 

auric-nlatiini 

521 

hirsntus 

'5' 

II  all  III  III 

127 

intiKrifdlium 

411 

liieiii^iilus  and 

vars. 

lanUKino.suni 

re pens 

411 

151-2 

I  1^1 

3  40 

Parthenocissus 

2  4'3 

Pentstemon 

>52 

lalifiiliiim 

»  "i,s 

>ini!i(|nefolia 

4'3 

pnhe^iewi 

151 

laxifloTiiui 

119 

■'  laciniata 

413 

tnbinorus 

>53 

I.iebergii 

3  497 

tricuspidata 

413 

Pentharum 

2   U)S 

iine<iir 

I  111 

lilacea 

413 

sedoides 

169 

linearifoliitm 

3  500 

Paspalum 

1    MS 

Peplis 

lonf(ifoliuin 

I  116 

,imhii;iiiim 

III 

Americana 

2  417 

niaerocarpon 

"'7 

ai  eiiai  iiim 

u» 

dill  lid ra 

4711 

meluai  ium 

114 

ciliatifolium 

107 

Peramium 

I  474 

niicrocarpon 

116 

coinpressum 

ICX) 

( (7oo,lyera) 

niiliaceum 

123 

dtisvpliylliim 

107 

Jlenziesii 

I  475 

minus 

124 

dehile 

I.« 

pubescens 

474 

Nashianum 

3  497 

dilatatnm 

107 

repens 

474 

nervosum 

1  117 

disticlium 

ic6 

Perilla 

3  123 

neuranthum 

3  501 

Elliollii 

100 

frutescens 

'23 

nitidum 

I  120 

Jilifoimc 

II I 

"  Nankinensis 

124 

nudum 

124 

Floridanuiu 

I.kS 

ocimoidis 

123 

obtusuni 

114 

flu  i  tans 

ICXi 

"  crispa 

124 

pttiicifloiiim 

118 

'laeve 

n>s 

Petsea 

2    96 

peduiiculalum 

118 

longipcdunculatum 

Borbonia 

96 

Porteriamini 

i"7 

1  loS 

CaroHnensis 

96 

proliferuui 

'23 

maeiospeimun 

108 

"  paluslrisvara.    96 

pubesceiis 

121 

membranaceunj      106 

pubescens 

cj6 

nimulosmn 

120 

Michauxianiim     loq 

Pelaloslemon 

rostratuni 

1'5 

inucronatum 

106 

macroslae/ij'us 

2  289 

saiii^uinale 

III 

oi\ilnm 

107 

violaeeus 

290 

SCO  fill  rium       1 

18,  121 

paspaloides 

109 

see  Kuhnistera 

scoparium  var. 

plalycaulon 

109 

2 

289-91 

3  497 

piibesieus 

107 

Petasites 

3  4<'J9 

Scribnerianum 

I  118 

sauffuinale 

111 

(Nardosmia) 

seroliiiiim 

3496 

setaceuin 

107 

frigida 

3  470 

sphaerocarpon 

I  116 

liislaclivum 

109 

officinalis 

470 

sphaRtiicolum 

3498 

irallcriaiiiim 

106 

palmata 

469 

slricltim 

I  121 

Passii-loraci;ak 

i  457 

Petasites 

470 

tsURetorum 

3  499 

Passiflora 

457 

sa^ittata 

470 

verrucosum 

I  125 

incarnata 

457 

iiHlirans 

470 

verliiillahnn 

126 

Uitea 

457 

Petunia 

3  141 

virgatuiu 

122 

Pastinaca 

2  514 

axillaris 

'41 

viiide 

126 

sativa 

514 

nyclaginiflora 

141 

viscidum 

121 

Paulownia 

3  157 

parvillora 

141 

[Vor,.  III. 

Petunia 

violaeea  3  I  |T 

Peucedanum  2  sis 

fdeiiieulaciutn  ,sii> 

f;iavcoleus  si" 

KiiiKii  ,sif> 

nudicaiile  .sif> 

saliviim  514 

-.etlicillalum  ,S3H 

villdMiip  S17 

Phaca  2  298- (d4 

Americana  301 

ai  x'i'plnlla  3i)() 

a\lra,i;aliiia  i,iy\ 

hi  ■ill  lea  la  3011 

elounala  3112 
/)ii;ida  var.  Am.  3d| 

IdtiRifdlia  2  305 

ncRlecta  3dS 

par:'iflora  3112 

■lillosa  298 
see  Astragalus 

2  31x1-4 

Orophaca  306  7 

Phacelia  3    4(> 

bipiniiatiiida  47 

Covillei  48 

(hibia  47 

liinbiiata  49 

I'rankUnii  47 

lielerophylla  46 

liirsuta  4*? 

inteRrifdlia  4'' 

lenciipliylla  46 

pari'ijUira  47"''* 

Pnrsliii  48 

Phalaiis  1  13" 

Americana  131) 

arundinacea  130 

Canariensis  131 

Carnliniana  1.30 

erueae/orniis  181 

inlermedia  i,?i> 

or\:oides  129 

pic  la  13" 

Plianiaceiiin 

marilimum  x  ,S9S 

PiiASi:(ii..\ciCAi-:  a  262 

Phaaeolus             3  338-9 

ani^nlosus  338 

diversi/olius  338 

leiospermus  339 

perennis  338 

polvstachyus  338 
see'Strophostyles 

3.38-9 

Phegopteris  i    18 

calcarea  19 

Dryopteris  19 

hexagonoptera  19 

Pliegopteris  19 

polypodioides  19 

Plielipaea 

In  lea  3  195 

Philadelphus  2  185 

coronarius  186 

grandiflorus  186 

inodorus  186 

Philotria  1    93 
{Anacharis) 

Canadensis  93 

Phippsia  I  150 

algida  150 

Phleum  I  147 

alpinum  148 

praten.se  147 

sclinenoides  147 

Phlomis  3    91 

tuberosa  91 

Phlox  3    32 

aninena  34 

bifida  35 

bryoides  36 

Carolina  33 

divaricata  34 


-'<!■ 


3  'II 
a  .SIS 
.sii> 
,si'> 
5'6 
,sif> 
.SI4 

517 

V'l 
.V '  I 

.V:'> 

,V'l 

((» I 

,Vi2 
'■   .i'M 

a  .V'5 
.V'.S 

2^8 


3    4f> 

•17 

.(S 

47 
4<) 
47 
46 
48 
4" 
46 
47-S 
48 
X  13.) 

130 

13" 
131 
130 

:8i 
13" 

I2C) 

13" 


598 
262 


a  338-Q 

338 
338 

339 

33» 

338 

/les 

338-0 

I    18 

19 

19 

a         19 

19 

!  19 


I9,S 
185 
186 
186 
186 
93 

93 
150 
150 
147 
148 

147 
147 
91 
91 
32 
34 
35 
36 
33 
34 


Vol..  III.] 

Phlox 

liiiiiKlasii  3 

'    aiulii'iila 
"  !i<iii;ifi<liu 
|{1a)>i-rriiiiu 
Iliiixlii 
Ki'lseyi 

inaculatii 
"  (iiiiitit/ii 

ovata 

panic  ulata 

i)iU>Ha 

rrptaiis 

slfllarin 

Mill:  I  til  I  IIS 

siilinlata 
Phoradendton  i 

tlavtsiiiis 
Phragmitcs  i 

III  III  Dili  II  is 

I'liraniiiilis 
I'ilKV.M.\ci:.\i:         3 
Phryma 

I.t  ptosiaclivn 
Phyllanthus   '         2 

Caroliiicn-.is 

li/liKll/IIS 

Phyltodoce  2 

i-oi-nilua 
Physalis  3  125, 

a  fi/ II  III  a 
AlkfkeiiKi 
a  III  till,' II II 
aii);uiata  127, 

lUrliaiknsis 

"  ()l)scura 
coiiiata  3 

i;i  a  lull  flora 
litdeiiicfolia 
heltrdpliylla 

"  ainbiKua 

"  nyctauinea 
ixocarpa  3 

Lagnscae 
lancet  fulia 
lanceolata         129, 

"  liievif;ata 

"  hiiln 
Icibala 
longifolia 
maciofihjsa 
mi  III  ma 
nyclaf^iiiea 
obscu/a  127, 

PeiimyUanica 

129,  130, 
I'liiladelpliica     3 
Peruviana 
pruinosa 
pubescens 
pumila 
rotundata 
Virginiana 

"  intermedia 

"  aiiihigiia 
viscosa  130, 

Physalodes  3 

{jVicaii(ira) 
Peruz'iaiiiim 
physalodes 
Physaria  2 

didyniocarpa 
Phy.wctirpa  2 

Physostegia  3 

denliculata 
intermedia 
parvi flora 
Virginiana 

PlIYTULACCACKAlJ 


OKNKK.M,    INl>i:\'    ol"    LATIN    S'AMI-S. 


Phytolacca 
decandra 
Picea 

(Abies  in  part) 


37 
37 
37 
X^ 
37 
M> 
37 

^^ 

31 

32 
34 

3S 
3S 

36 

53.S 
.S3,s 

IS  I 

IS4 

IH, 
2(l.S 
2",S 

^<" 
362 

3<'2 

.S^'.S 

365 

I2f) 
128 
"32 

13" 
12S 
127 
127 
'3' 
KVi 
13" 
"3° 
"3" 
13" 
128 
127 
127 

130 
129 

132 
129 
129 
127 
13' 
>3" 

"32 
128 

"3" 
126 
126 
130 
'3' 
"3" 
"30 
"3" 
"32 
'25 

125 
"25 
'35 
135 
"95 
89 
9.) 
90 
90 

89 

593 

594 

594 

54 


Plcca 

III  till 

bti  vifnlia 

Canadensis 

Mariana 

iiii;  III 

rnhia 
Picradenia 

I  Aitiiiillii  I 

acanlis 
'■  glabra 

lineari  folia 

od.irata 

si'.i])o-a 
Picris 

ecliioides 

liiiraeioides 
Pieris 


\i 


51 
4'.'. 
51 
5S 
55 
55 
111' 


149 
44K 
448 
4l'i 
II', 

2(i(i 

2(17 

2()7 

2  5'j8 


I' 


(  Aiiiti  iiiiii'dii  in  part ) 


floribunda 

Mariana 

nitida 
Pitta 

p  II  mi  I  a 
Piliisflla 

ifalliiihilii 
Pimpinella 

integerrinia 

Saxifra^a 

I'INACKAK 

Pinguicula 

miili/otia 

alpina 

vulgaiis 
Pinus 

alba 

auslialis 

ha  ha  men 

ilaiik:iiaiia 

Canadensis 

divaricata 

echinata 

/•'raseri 

intips 

lai  iciiia 

mills 

nit;ra 

palustris 

pendiila 

ponderosa 

pungens 

resinosa 

rigida 

rubra 

Strobus 

Taeda 

Virginiana 
Pi  sum 

mariliiiium 
Planera 

aquatiea 


S"8 
5lJ9 

»  533 


2S5 

S2fl 
526 
526 

49 

"93 

"''3 

"94 

"9» 
1  5'J 
54 
5' 
57 
52 
56 
52 
52 
57 
52 
54 
52 
55' 
5" 
54 
5" 
53 
5" 
53 
55 
50 
.S3  I 
52 

3.^0 

525 

526 


I'l-A.\rAGlNACi;AE3  20.S 

Plantago  3  2<i6 

arenaria  211 

arista  ta  209 

cordata  208 

decipiens  209 

elongata  210 

eriopoda  208 

glabra  208 

gnaplialiiiides  209 

beterophylla  210 

lanceolata  207 

major  206 

niaritima  209 

media  207 

occidentalis  210 
Patavionica  vars.    209 

Purshii  209 

pusilla  210 

Rugelii  207 

sparsiflora  208 

uniflora  211 

Virginica  210 

"  longifolim  210 


I'l  A  I  \N.\(  1 

Platantis 

oicuU  lUalis 
Ptnliiiilliiiii 

hitiipiiatii 

I  ,iliiiidi/'i>liii 

xee  Habenaiia 
Plrilui.pthihi, 

Ann  I II II 'III': 
Ple;irogyue 

kSu  iiiiii  I 

Cariiilliiaca 

rotat 1 
Pleuropogon 

Sabinii 
Pluchea 

til  Irons 

c.iinplioiala 

foelula 

petiol.ita 
I'l.lMii.\(.lN/\ci;\i: 

Pneumatia 

(  Mfi  Iriisia  in  p; 

niaritiina 
Poa 

abbreviat.i 

aiioides 

aljiina 

alstides 

audi  II  a 

aiifiustala 

annua 

ai/iialiia 

araclinikia 

arida 

autuninalis 

brevi  folia 

Uuckleyana 

caesia 

capiltaris 

Cainliniana 

cenisia 

Chapnianiana 

conipressa 

iris  lata 

debilis 

distans 

elongiita 

/•'ragrostis 

flava 

Jlexiiosii 

glauca 

Kluniaris 

liypnoides 

iiilcirupla 

laxa 

mar  Hi  ma 

menioralis 

nerz'ala 

ohiiisa 

pectinacea 

pitosa 

pratensis 

pseudopratensis 

refracia 

seslerioides 

seroliiia 

sylvestris 

tciiiiifiilia 

tenuis 

trichodes 

trivialis 

Wolfii 
Podalyria 

biacteata 

mollis 
Podophyllum 

dipliyllum 

peltatnm 

PonOSTEMACEAE 

Podostemon 

Ceratophyllum 
Pogonia 

aflinis 


547 


-•    191 

2  l<M 
"91 

1  46^ 
4*1(1 

1 .  4<'3 

3  I'I2 

2  <||H 

(119 

MS 

I    196 

U)(> 

3  39I) 
31/) 
39'' 

3')'' -7 
197 

3  594 
3  ,59 
irt) 

5') 
I  2<J| 
202 
215 
203 
207 
208 

215 
2111 
il2 

3  5"4 

I  2118 

20O 

207 

208 

2ii,S 
188 
18S-9 
I  203 
2i>2 
202 
202 
206 
214 
212 
189 
20,S 
2(l6 

20s 
20S 
192 
"9" 

I  21)^ 
214 
205 
212 
211 
190 
188 
204 
204 
191 

"84 

20,S 
206 
208 
188 
191 
204 
207 

266 
264 

92 
92 
92 

163 
"63 
163 
467 
468 


Poeonia 

divaricata  I 

opIiiiiKldssoides 

peiidiihi 

triantliiipliora 

vcrlicillata 
PolaniHia  2 

griveoU'lls 

trachysperina 
I'iii.r,.M(iMAii:Ai;  3 
Polemouium 

rui'i  utfiim 

diibiiiin 

Xyiti-lea 

reptans 

Van  llrinitiae 
I'm  \i;ai.aci:ai;     2 
Polygala  a 

at  ii/i/tiira 

alba 

anibi^ua 

brcvifiilia 

riirvinbusa 

crnciata 

Curtissii 

cymosa 

las  tig  ill  I  a 

incarnata 

Inlea 

Mariana 

Nuttallii 

pinci  folia 

polyRania 

raniosa 

sangiiiiiea 

Scnfg.'i  and  var, 

leu  11  i  folia 

uniflora 

vcrlicillata 

viridescens 
Pdi.ycdnacicae 
Polygonatum 

biflornni 

conimiitatum 

gigantium 
Pblygonella 

Americana 

articutata 

ericoides 
Polygonum 

aiie 

ampbibiuni 

arifolinm 

articulatuni 

aviculare 

Kellardi 

camporum 

Careyi 

cilinode 

Convolvulus 

cristatiim 

cuspidatiim 

dcnsiflorum 

Douglasii 

dumetorum 

enicrsuin 

ercctuni 

exsertum 

Fagopyrum 

glauciiiii 

Hartwriglitii 

Hydrofiiper 

liydropiperoides 

incanum 

incarnatum 

lapathifolium 

"  incanum 

"  nodosum 

littorale 

lonKistyUim 

maritimum 

mile 

Miilileiibergii 

nodosum 

Opelousanum 


4<i8 
4(17 

4<-7 

467 

4(18 

-  I.S7 

"57 

"5» 

3    3" 

4" 

4" 

47 

45 

4" 

4" 

a  355 

a  355 

3.S6 

360 

358 

357 

356 

.«7 

.350 

35»> 

3.S0 

358 

3.S6 

359 

3.50 

.161 

360 

35f> 

358-9 

2  3C10 

^60 

3''" 

.357 

358 

I  .54" 

»  4.13 

4.W 

4.M 

434 

I  568 

568 

5f.8 

.568 

I  554 
560 

555 
567 
568 
.S6l 
562 
564 
5.S9 
565 
565 
5fi6 
567 
5.S6 
565 
566 
5.S6 
.S63 
.563 
5,S3 
.562 
5.S6 
560 
,560 
557 
557 
5.57 
557 
557 

,502 
5.S8 
,562 
.560 
5.56 
567 
559 


1  J. 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


7 


// 


// 


le      «^ 


[/ 


1.0 


I!  I.I 


1.25 


"  IM    1 22 

t  m  1 2.0 
14     III  1.6 


Photographic 

Sciences 
Corporation 


23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WliBSTER,  NY.  14580 

(716)  872-4503 


iV 


-^ 


<> 


■% 


V 


^ 


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548 

GENERAL   INDEX 

OF  LATIN   NAMES. 

Polygonum 

Portulaca 

2      4 

Potentilla 

orienlale 

I  561 

grandifloia 

6 

nemoralis 

2  216 

Peiinsylvanicuiii    .«i57 

oleracea 

5 

Nicolletii 

213 

Persicaria 

558 

pilosa 

5 

nivea 

210 

persicarioides 

558 

relusa 

5 

jXorvec^ica 

212 

Portoricense 

556 

PorlKiia 

paliistris 

217 

punctatuni 

660 

Jloribmiifti 

2  56S 

paradoxa 

2'3 

Rayi 

563 

Potamogetou 

I    65 

Pennsylvanica 

214 

ramosissimum 

564 

alpinus 

68 

"  strigosa 

214 

sagittatum 

567 

ainplifolius 

67 

pentandra 

212 

scatidetis 

566 

a/i/fiis/i/ii/iits 

70 

pilosa 

210 

sptaceum 

.S.=i9 

Clayton  ii 

67 

procunibens 

217 

Tataricnm 

5.5+ 

(Ompn-iSiis 

72-74 

pumila 

3  5>5 

teiiue 

564 

confervoidcs 

I    72 

recta 

2  210 

VirKinianiim 

561 

crispus 

"2 

reptans 

216 

viviparuiu 

555 

diversifolius 

76 

rivalis 

213 

Zuccariiiii 

567 

Faxoni 

68 

Robbinsiana 

211 

Polymnia 

3  405 

filiforniis 

77 

rubens 

209 

Canadensis 

405 

Jiabetlalii^ 

-S 

Salisbnigensis 

209 

"  radiata 

4H5 

Jill  Hans 

68 

simplex 

216 

Uvedalia 

405 

foliosus 

73 

siipina 

213 

Potyoliis 

Friesii 

74 

tridentata 

2'5 

ans'tis/tYiiitiis 

3    14 

geniniiparurt 

76 

Poteriiini 

POI.YI'ODIACEAE 

I      S 

ff/aniiiietis 

6q 

Canadense 

2  228 

Polypodium 

I    32 

heteropliyllus 

(>9 

Sanguisoiba 

228 

bnlbi/eriim 

12 

Hillii 

73 

Prasium 

ciislalum 

16 

liybridiis 

76 

piirpu  renin 

3    90 

dilatalum 

iS 

lilinoensis 

70 

Prenantlies 

Dryupteris 

«q 

interniptus 

78 

see  Nabalus   3 

288-91 

Fiiix  foemina 

26 

lateralis 

75 

Mainensis 

3  291 

Fili.v-mas 

^7 

lonrhites 

68 

paiuiflora 

268 

fonlaitum 

25 

lucens 

7'^ 

teniiifolia 

268 

fpagile 

13 

major 

74 

Primi-laceae 

2  584 

fragrans 

16 

Mysticus 

71 

Primula 

2  584 

hexagonnpleritm     19 

natans 

66 

Egaliksensis 

585 

incanum 

33 

Kiaearfiisis 

I    73 

farinosa 

585 

Lonchitis 

14 

Nuttallii 

67 

Mistassinica 

585 

marginale 

17 

Oakesianus 

66 

Prinos  see  Hex 

ttionlanum 

13 

obtusifolins 

73 

2  391-3 

3  519 

Noveboiacense 

15 

Paiwrmilaiius 

75 

Prionopsis 

3  327 

ol)/ II  Slim 

II 

pauci/loriis 

73 

(Aplopappus) 

Phegopleiis 

19 

pectitiatus 

/7 

ciliata 

327 

polypodioides 

33 

perfoliatus 

71 

Prosartes 

Roberlianuni 

19 

pinnatum 

2  504 

lanuginosa 

1  43' 

spinulosiim 

18 

praelong^ns 

I    71 

traciivcarpa 

432 

viilgare 

32 

pnlclier 

67 

Prosperinaca 

2  501 

Polypogon 

1 157 

pusillus 

74-76 

palustris 

502 

Monspeliensis 

157 

Robbinsii 

I    78 

pectinacea 

502 

Polyptemum 

2  606 

i-tircsi-ens 

68 

pectinata 

502 

procunibens 

606 

rutilus 

74 

Prosopis 

3  5"^ 

Polypteris 

3  447 

spathulaeformi 

s      6n 

glandulosa 

516 

ca  losa 

447 

Spirillus 

-7 

Prunella 

3    88 

Hookeriana 

'  4t7 

tric/ioidfs 

72 

\Iliunclla) 

Polvslichuiii 

I     13 

Tiiikei  iiiani 

72 

laciniata 

89 

Polytaenia 

2  S15 

Vaseyi 

74 

vulgaris 

88 

Nuttallii 

515 

Zizii 

70 

"  pinnalifida 

8q 

POMACKAE 

2  232 

zosteraefolius 

72 

Prunus 

3  246 

Pomaria 

Potentilla 

2  208 

Alleghaniensis 

248 

glandiilosa 

2  259 

agrinionioiiies 

209 

Americana 

247 

PONTEDKRIACKAI 

'■ '  379 

Anserina 

216 

angusti  folia 

248 

Pontederia 

I  379 

argentea 

209 

Avium 

25' 

cordata 

379 

arguta 

209 

Besseyi 

251 

lancifolia 

379 

bipiniiatifida 

214 

cerasifera 

249 

liniosa 

38^1 

Canadensis 

216 

Cerasus 

25' 

Populus 

I  490 

"  piimila    216 

3  515 

Cliicasa 

248 

acuminata 

491 

collina 

2  209 

cuncata 

251J 

alba 

490 

effusa 

214 

demissa 

253 

angnJala 

493 

Sg-edii 

216 

gracilis 

249 

anRUstifolia 

491 

emarginata 

211 

Gravesii 

249 

Allieniensis 

492 

frigida 

211 

liortulana 

247 

balsamifera 

49' 

fruticosa 

215 

"  Mineri 

247 

candicans 

491 

intermedia 

aio 

insiiitia 

250 

Carol  ineusis 

493 

Hippiana        2 

3.  214 

Mahaleb 

2  252 

delloides 

493 

hirsiita 

2  212 

maritima 

249 

dilalala 

493 

intermedia 

210 

mollis 

247 

grandidentata 
heterophylla 

492 

leucocarpa 

212 

montana 

253 

492 

leucopliytla 

213 

nigra 

247 

monilifera 

493 

littoralis 

214 

Pennsylvanica 

252 

nigra 

493 

viaciitata 

209 

pumila 

250 

treniulotdes 

492 

niillegiana 

212 

serotina 

253 

PotteranthuB 

2  197 

minima 

211 

"  Smallii 

253 

{Gil  tenia) 

Monspeliensis 

spiiaerocarpa 

249 

stipulatus 
trifoliatus 

198 

210,  212 

spinosa 
Virginiana 

250 

198 

luultifida 

2   215 

252 

PORTULACACEAE 

2      I 

nana 

311 

Watsoni 

248 

[Vol..  III. 

Psetidaeacia 

ndorata  2  -294 

Psilocarya  i  257 

nitens  257 
ryncliosporoides    257 

scirpoides  258 

Psilostrophe  3  444 
( Riddcllia ) 

Tagetinae  444 

Psoralea  2  280 

argophylla  283 

a  II  rea  288 

collina  283 

cryplociirpa  284 

cuspidata  284 

Dalea  288 

digitata  283 

esculenta  284 

floribunda  282 

bypogaea  284 

incaiia  283 

lanceolata  281 

linearifolia  282 

longifolia  305 

macrorliiza  2  284 

melilotoides  285 

micrantha  281 

obtusiloba  282 

Onobrycbis  285 

pedunculata  285 

stipulata  285 

tenuifolia  281 

Ptelea  3  354 

trifoliata  354 

PTERIDOI'IIVTA  I        1 

Pteris  I    28 

Alabaniensis  30 

aquilina  28 

atropitrpurea  29 

Cauda  la  28 

gracilis  29 

StelU  ri  2t) 

Pterospora  2  554 

Andromedea  554 

Ptilimnium  3  537 
(Discopletira) 

capillaceum  538 

Nuttallii  538 

Ptiloria  3  267 
t  Slephanomcria ) 

pauci  flora  268 

tenuifolia  268 

Puccinellia  i  214 
{  Glyceria  in  part) 

airoides  215 

angustata  215 

distans  214 
maritima      i  214,  215 

Piilmoiiaria 

see  Mertensia  3    60 

maritima  S9 

Pulsatilla  2    66 
( Anemone  in  part) 

liirsutissima  67 

Pycnanlhemiim  3  in 
see  Koellia        111-115 

lanceolaliim  3  112 

lini/oliinn  11 1 

Monardella  102 

Torreyi  112 

Tullia  114 

Pyrelliriim 

' Palsaniila  3  45S 
inodoriim  var. 

naniim  459 

Pvrolaceae  3  549 

Pyrola  3  549 

asarifolia  551 

chlorantlia  550 

elliptica  550 

mactilala  553 

minor  552 

oxypetala  551 

rotundi  folia  550 

"  pumila  550 


2  •29+ 


I  257 

257 

oides    257 

258 

3  444 

444 

2  280 

^ 

^^3 

I 

284 

al 

983 

384 

383 

384 

983 

981 

282 

305 

I 

2  284 

s 

285 

281 

282 

285 

1 

285 

285 

281 

3  354 

354 

TA 

I      I 

I    28 

(.J 

30 

28 

rea 

29 

38 

99 

29 

2  554 

a 

554 

2  537 

ra) 

1 

53'! 

538 

3  267 

teria ) 

268 

268 

I  214 

n  part ) 

215 

215 

214 

I  214.  215 

ia 

3    60 

59 

2    66 

in  part) 

a 

67 

um 

3  III 

111-115 

n 

3  112 

III 

a 

102 

112 

114 

3458 

var 

I 

459 

2  549 

2  549 

551 

550 

550 

553 

552 

551 

a 

550 

550 

Wfff^' 


Vol..  III.] 


GENERAL  INDEX  OF   LATIN   NAMES. 


549 


Pyrola 

secuiida 

Ranunculus 

'  Rhexia 

1 

Rosa 

2  22S 

I  552 

arvensis 

2    83 

Virginica 

2  474 

acicularis 

230 

"  pumila 
ulifrinosa 

552 

bulboHUS 

Sii   Rhinanthus 

3  187 

Arkansana 

230 

55" 

cardiophyllus 

77 

CristaGalh 

187 

blanda 

229 

umbel  la  III 

55 1 

circinatus 

84 

iiiinor 

187 

canina 

333 

iinijlura 
Pyryhopapptis 

553 

Cyinbalaiia 

86 

yirgiiiiciis 

174 

Carolina 

931 

delphinifolius 

73    Rlwdiula 

cinnaniomea 

232 

Carolinianus 

3  279 

"  lerreslris 

73 

rosea 

2  165 

eirlanteria 

232 

scaposiis 

279 

(livaricatus 

84   Rhododendron     2 

S59-6" 

Fiiffelinanni 

230 

Pyrularia 

oleifera 

1  537 

fascicularis 

S2 

Caiiadense 

SGo 

Pendleri 

2  230 

537 

Fica  ria 

85 

Catawbiense 

56. 

liuinilis 

231 

pubera 

537 

fill  tor  mis 

2    75 

Lapponicum 

560 

"  villosa 

231 

Pyrus 

arbuti/olia 

2  233-8 

Flanimiila  reptans 

maximum 

561 

lueida 

331 

2^6 

75 

Rliodora 

559 

mierantha 

232 

Bolryapiiim 

238 

"  intermedius 

76 

see  Azalea      2 

558-60 

nitida 

231 

communis 

234 

Harveyi 

77    Rhodora 

2  559 

pa rvi  flora 

231 

nil::*' a 

237 

hederaccus 

84 

Canadensis 

559 

rubiginosa 

232 

see  Sorbus 

2  233 

hispidus 

80,  81    Rhus 

2  385 

Sayi 

230 

Malus 

2U-6 

hyperboreus 

74 

aromatica 

3^7 

setigcra 

229 

Pyxidanthera 

2'  5S3 

lacHslris 

73' 

Canadensis 

3*'7 

Woodsii 

230 

barbulata 

5!<3 

Lapponicus 

74 

copallina 

3S6 

Rotala 

2  470 

Quamasia 

(Scilla) 

I  422 

limosHS 

73 

colinoides 

3S9 

ramosior 

470 

Macounii 

80 

Cotinus 

389 

Rot  hi  a 

hyaciiithina 
Quamoclit 

(Ipomoea) 

423 

micrantlius 

78 

glabra 

387 

Carolinensis 

3  445 

3    22 

Missouriensis 

74 

hirta 

3S6 

Rotlboellia 

mullifidus 

73 

radicans 

.-,;<8 

fili/ormis 

1  226 

cocci  nea 

22 

"  repens 

73 

Toxieudcndron     388 

rugosa 

KK3 

Quamoclit 
i<uli;aris 
Quetcus 
acuminata 

22 

muricatus 

83 

trilobata 

2  387 

Roubieva 

1575 

22 

nivalis 

76 

typhi  na 

386 

multifida 

576 

I  515 

Nuttallii 

85 

venenata 

388 

RUIIIACEAE 

3  211 

.S22 

oblongifolius 

75 

Vernix 

388 

Rubus 

2  1 98 

alba 

520 

obtusiusculus 

76 

Rhynchosia 

2  i?,(> 

AUeghaniensis 

202 

amhigiia 

5'6 

ovalis 

7/ 

erecta 

337 

Americanus 

201 

aqualica 

519 

parviflorus 

82 

latifolia 

337 

arclicus 

200 

bicolor 

521 

parvulus 

2  82 

rcni/nrmis 

337 

Baileyanus 

204 

Brittoni 

518 

pedatifidus 

77 

simplicifolia 

337 

Canadensis 

205 

coccinea 

517 

Pennsyh'anicus 

80 

tomenlosa 

3,16 

"  roribaccus 

205 

digitata 

5.8 

Pliilonotis 

82 

"  nioiH'plivlla 

3^7 

Clianiaemorus 

20<) 

/alalia 
lieterophylla 

518 

Pursliii 

73 

"  volu  bills 

336 

cuneifolius 

203 

5>9 

pusillus 

Ribes 

2 1S7 

Da  I  i  bard  a 
frnndosiis 

205 

ilicifolia 

518 

pygniaeus 

70 

aurcum 

192 

202 

imbricaria 

520 

rannnailinus 

85 

"  chrysococcura    192 

fruticosus 

202 

lauri  folia 

5'9 

recurvatus 

79 

albincrz'inin 

2 191 

hispidus 

203 

Leaua 

I  520 

repens 

So,  81 

cereum 

191 

"  siiherecta 

204 

lyrata 
macrocarpa 

521 

reptans 

2  75 

Cynosbati 

1S8 

Ida  ens  var. 

200-1 

520,  521 

"  intermedius 

76 

floriduni 

191 

inz'isus 

204-5 

Marylandica 

1  518 

rhomboideus 

/  / 

pracile 

188 

laciniatus 

2   202 

Micliauxii 

522 

sccleratus 

79 

Grossularia 

.89 

Millspaughii 

203 

minor 

^20 

septentrionalis 

81 

hirlellum 

1 89 

moiitanus 

202 

Miililenhergii        .S22 

hichophyllus 

84 

Hudsonianum 

190 

neglectus 

201 

nana 

5"8 

Raphanus        2  120,  140 

lacnstre 

190 

Niitkaniis 

199 

nigra 

518,  519 

Rapliauistrum 
sativus 

121 

nigrum 

190 

oboz-alis 

203 

oblusilnha 

I  520 

121 

oxyacanthoide 

s 

occidentalis 

201 

oliz'at/ormis 

521 

Rapistrum 

2  140 

89,  19c 

odoratus 
parviflorus 

199 

palustris       1 
Phellos 

516.  520 

rugosum 

140  j 

Peniisylvanicuni    191 

199 

518,  519 

Ratibida 

3  418' 

prostr.aum 

2    19c 

parvi/'olitis 

203 

platanoides 

1  521 

( Lepachys) 

roluiidifolinm 

1.^9 

sa.ra'tilis  vars. 

201 

prinoides 
Prinus          i 

523 

columnaris 

419 

rubruin 

191 

sctosus 

204 

520,  522 

pinnata 

418 

"  subx'landiilos.    191 

strigosus 

200 

rubra 

516,  .Sl.^ 

Tagctes 

419 

sttosum 

18^ 

tiifloriis 

201 

Rudkini 

I  5ifc 

Razoumofskya 

I  535 

I'vacrispa 

1S9 

tri'vialis 

204 

it  dial  a 

521 

(Arceutliobium ) 

Ricinus 

2  ^68 

villosus  vars. 

202-205 

Texana 

517 

pusilla 

535 

coninuinis 

36S 

Rudbeckia 

3  414 

linclona 

517 

Redfieldia 

1  1X6 

Rid  dt  11  Id 

ampkxicaulis 

418 

tridentata 

52( 

flcxuopa 

186 

Ta^etiiuie 

3  444 

aspera 

% 

velutina 

517 

Reiiealmia 

Roherlsonia 

2  174 

Brittonii 

I'irens 

52. 

UMieaides 

I  374 

mieraiilliidi/i 

lia  174 

eiil  11  "maris 

■*'2 

Virginiana 

52, 

,     RKSKDACliAE 

2  1 58 

Robinia 

2  29^ 

fulgida 

416 
416 

Quota 
Canadensis 

Reseda 

2  158 

hispid a 

29= 

hirta 

2    4c 

)        alba 

150 

Pseudacacia 

294 

laciniata 

417 

capillaeca 
Qui  II  aria 
Quincula 

( Pkysalis  in 

4' 

)       lute a 

159 

viscosa 

29; 

"  humilis 

418 

2  41. 

i       I.uteola 

158 

Roripa 

2    12^ 

pallida 

420 

418 

3  13 

!       odoiata 

159 

( iVastiiitiiim 

pinnata 

part) 

RlIAMNACEAE 

2  404 

Americana 

12; 

purpurea 

420 

lobata 

13 

2    Rhamnus 

2  4'-'5 

Armoracia 

12- 

spathulata 

417 

Ra/'ania  ozuila 
RAsrNcri..\cr. 

I  56t 

)       alnifolia 

406 

curvisiliiiua 

12f 

1        speciosa 

417 

AE  2     51 

1       Caroliniana 

406 

hispida 

12, 

;        subtomcntosa 

4'5 

Ranunculus 

2     7 

2       calliartica 

405 

Nasturtium 

12f 

)        Tai^eles 

419 

abort  ivuB 

77.  7* 

<       Frangula 

406 

obtusa 

12, 

\       triloba 

415 

acris 

79,  8 

1       lauceolata 

405 

palustris 

12 

;    Ruellia 

3  202 

affiiiis 
altsmae/oliu 

2    7 

'    Rhexia 

2  474 

sessiliflora 

I2( 

1        billoia 

202 

s            7 

S       aristosa 

475 

sinuatfi 

12. 

ciliosa 
;         "  parvi flora 

203 

AUeRlianiensis         T 

■<       ciliosa 

475 

spliaerocarpa 

12, 

203 

ambif^ens 
aquttlilis  vai 

7 

i       Mariana 

474 

sylvestris 

12, 

"  ambijrua 

203 

s.          8 

4       peliolala 

475 

RoSACEAli 

2   19. 

oblongi/olia 

202 

550 


GENERAL   INDEX   OE   LATIN   NAMES. 


[Vol..  III. 


Ruellia 

peciunculata 

3  2",-! 

•strcpeiis 

2112 

"  iiiicranllia 

202 

"  (leislaiillia 

202 

Rumex 

I  .S4r 

Acetosa 

5ti< 

Acetosella 

547 

altissiiiius 

549 

Kritaiuiica       5 

49.  55" 

coiiKloiiieratus 

I  55' 

crispus 

551 

dii;yniis 

5'>3 

Eitf^elmanni 

54H 

liastatulus 

5tH 

Hydiohxpatlium    5511 

viaiilimus 

552 

obtusifolius 

552 

occideiitalis 

550 

oihiculaliii 

5=." 

I'atifiilia 

55" 

per^icarioides 

552 

pulclier 

5S2 

salicifolius 

549 

saiiKiiiiKUS 

551 

veiiosus 

.54« 

verticillatus 

549 

Ruppia 

I     78 

iiiaritima 

79 

lac  11  <.lrii 

79 

occidctitalis 

79 

RUTACICAU 

2   ,152 

Rynchospora 

I  27G 

(inc.  iicliof litis 

) 

alba 

I  277 

axillaris 

279 

capillacea 

27S 

cefilialaiitha 

279 

corniculata 

276 

cyniosa 

280 

fUSCH 

279 

glomerala 

278 

Kracilenta 

279 

inexpaiisa 

280 

Knieskernii 

27S 

viiicitisliichya 

276 

jiitens 

257 

olig:antIia 

277 

pallida 

277 

paiiiiiilala 

27« 

scirpoides 

25S 

Torreyana 

280 

Sabbatia 

2  608 

angiilatiK 

610 

aiigustifolia 

609 

brarhiala 

61)9 

calycina 

610 

calyCDSa 

610 

campamilata 

611 

caiiipestris 

6i<> 

clilaraides 

612 

dodccandra 

612 

EUiottii 

611 

,i;iaii/is 

611 

latieenlata 

609 

paiiiculata 

609-11 

stellaris 

611 

Sagina 

2    20 

apetala 

29.  ,v> 

decumbens 

2     i" 

•'  Smitliii 

.V 

eitY/ij 

29 

foiiliiialis 

24 

I.iniiaei 

.1» 

nodosa 

3" 

prociiinbens 

29 

i^aKitioides 

3" 

suhultita 

30 

Vira'iiica 

621 

Sagittaria 

I    87 

ambiKiia 

9" 

arifolia 

89 

calycina 

87 

cristata 

QI 

cuneata 

89 

Sagittatia 
]':n|;Llnianniana 
ftilinia 
prraniinca 
lieleri'filixila 
lancifdlia 
latifolia 
InnRiUiba 
lonKirostra 
iialaiis 
platyphylla 
}>ii/ii\sieiis 

pUSlliil 

radicans 

rigida 

iiiliillnefitUa 

snbulat.i 

teres 

Viiriiibilis 
.Salicackak 
Saliconiia 

anil>i);u-i 

HiRflDvii 

Eiiiitpiitii  var. 

/nilirosa 

lierbacea 

vnuroiiit/a 

I'iiXiiiiia 
Salix 

adeno]>liylla 

alba 

amyRdaloides 

tiii!;iis/a/a 

arclica 

argyrocarpa 

Rabylonioa 

balsamifera 

Ilarclayi 

Hcbbiana 

Krownii 

Candida 

Citerulea 

cordata 

Culleri 

desertorum 

discolor 

e'iocfphalii 

fa  I  cat  a 

nuviatilis 

fragilis 

glauca 

,!,'  rncilis 

(flaucopliylla 

lierbacea 

humilis 

longi/iilia 

lucida 

Missouriensis 

niyrtilloides 

nigra 

petiolaris 

phylicifolia 

pn'uiiidt:'! 

purpnrea 

reticulata 

mslralci 

sericea 

tristis 

I'vaursi 

vestita 

viminalis 

viteUina 

Wardi 
Salfiiiiffia  2 

Salsola'  I 

di/>iessa 

Kali 

salsa  A»iei  icaiia 

Tragus 
Salvia  3 

aziirea  f;'iiiidi/. 

lanceolata 

lyrata 

Pitcher! 

pratensis 


88 
<P 
9' 
90 
')" 
«S 
89 
88 
92 
92 
88 
92 
80 
90 
88 
i>> 
88 
92 
49  > 
582 

583 
583 
5-'2 

5S3 
5«2 

58,? 
583 

4^3 
5"4 
496 
495 
5"3 
502 
500 

49" 
504 
504 
498 
502 
501 
496 
5"3 
51  >5 
5'» 
49<) 
49-1 
494 
497 
496 

5"! 
51 ») 

5"^ 
5"5 
498 
497 
495 
503 
505 

49J,  495 
500 

500.  5"2 

1  499 

497 

497 

498 

499,  503 

1  499 

5<)5 
498 
5<" 
496 
495 

2  495 

1 585 

5«5 

586 
5H4 
586 

99 
100 
100 

99 

IllO 

100 


Salvia 

.Sclarea  3  I'H 

iirticifolia  Kn 

verbenaca  lui 

Sai.vimalEAK  I    34 

Salvinia  i    3 1 

natans  ,^i 

Sambucus  3  227 

Canadensis  228 

nigra  laciniala  228 

piibcns  228 

"  <tissecta  22S 

Samolus  2  587 

floribiindus  ,s87 
I'aleraiidi  var. 

/inien'caiiiis    587 

Sangu'lnaria  2  i<>i 

Canadensis  Kia 

Sanguisotba  2  228 

Canadensis  228 

Sanguisorba  228 

Sanicula  2  52.; 

Canadensis  524 

gregaria  524 

Marylandica  523 

trifoliata  524 

.Santai.acf.ak  1  536 

Sanloliiia 

siiairoleiis  3  4(')0 

Sai'im>aci:ai;  2  4112 

Sapindus  402 

III  iiDiiiia/its  402 

niarginatiis  402 

Stipniiaria  402 

Saponaria  2    1 7 

orticinalis  18 

I 'area  I  ia  18 

.Sapotackak  2  595 

Saracha  3  133 

Sarcobatus  i  583 

verniicularis  584 

Sarolliamii  is 

scofiariiis  2  271 

Sarothra  2  435-6 

Vrumninndii  43s 

gentianoides  436 

SARRACKNIACIvAE  2    159 

Sarracenia  159 

;lava  160 

heleiophylla  160 
purpurea  and  var.  160 

Sassafras  2    97 

officinale  97 

Sassafras  97 

Satureia  3  107 

liortt.isis  107 

01  iiraiioides  116 

Thymus  K?/;y.  11 1 

Virs^iuiniia  112 

I'liXtiiua  in 

Salyi  iiitn 
rcficiis 

SAURIRACI'.AE 

Saururus 

ccrnnus 
,  Savastana 

( Hierocloi') 

alpina 

Nasliii 
,     odorata 

pauci  flora 
Saxii-ragackae 
Saxifraga 

acoiiili/olia 

aizoides 

Aizoon 

caespitosa 

Carnlhiiaiia 

cernua 

coniosa 

erosa 

/olinlosa 

Forbesii 

Ileum 

Grayana 


Saxifraga 

Hirculus              2  171 

leucanlhcmifoliii  176 

Micli.'iuxii            2  176 

nivalis  174 

opposilifolia  171 

Pcnnsylvaiiica  173 

rivularis  172 

stellaris  and  var.  175 

Suit  ivii  ilia  177 

tricuspidata  172 

Virginitnsis  171 

Scabiosa                   3  248 

arvensis  249 

australis  2.49 

Scandix            2  528,  531 

Cci  efolium  528 

I'ecten-Veneris  531 

Schedonnardus         i  179 

I)aniculatns  179 

I'txaniis  179 

.SCHEUCH/.ERI.\CEAE 

I  82 

Scheuchzeria  84 

palustris  84 

.SCIIIZAKACE.VI;         I  7 

Schizaea  7 

l)nsilla  7 
Scliociiiis 

mariscoidcs 

ni/iis 

see  Rynchospora 


I  474 

I  482 

482 

482 

I  13' 

1.32 
3  5"2 

1  132 
132 

2  169 

'77 
171 

173 

173 

175 

2  172 

175 
174 
175 
173 
176 
175 


379. 


Scliollera      i 
j^iamiiica 
O.tyciHctis 

Sc/iraiUia 
aiigiishila 
uncinala 

Schwalbea 
Americana 

Schueinilxia 
Caroliiiiana 
odmaUi 

Scilla 
Frasei  i 

Scirpus 
aciciihii  is 
ociiniiiialiis 
Americanus 
alio  fill  rpuiciis 
atrovirens 
aiiluniiiali  i 
caespitosus 
Californicus 
campestris 
CaiiI'Vi 
capillaiis 
capilalus 
castaneiis 
Clintoni 
cylindricus 
cyperinus 
debilis 
divaricatus 
eijiitseloidfs 
Kriophoriim 
fluviatilis 
•j^hiucesceiis 
Hallii 

iiilcrvtedius 
inleisliihliis 
lacustris 
Icplolcpis 
lineatus 
maiilimiis 
micianlliHS 
microcarpus 
niucronatus 
miilalus 
nanus 
11  i  tens 

Novae-Angliae 
Dlneyi 
ovniiis 


266, 


281 
267 

276 

58' 
380 
581 

256 

256 
181 
181 

555 
555 

423 
261 
252 
255 
265 
250 
269 
260 
262 
267 
267 
266 
258 
250 
2,59 
263 
266 
27' 
2G4 
270 
248 
271 
268 
252 
264 
255 
248 
266 
266 
270 
268 

275 

26<» 

266 

249 
262 

257 

.  5"9 
265 

251 


2 

171 

ifolia 

.76 

2 

176 

174 

a 

171 

ica 

173 

172 

d  var. 

175 

"77 

1 

172 

s 

171 

3 

24H 

249 

240 

2  52S, 

5,V 

I 

52« 

ens 

5.?' 

S     I 

17') 

s 

■79 

179 

lACEAE 

I 

82 

84 

84 

I  281 

267 

I  276 

),  2  5S1 

1  380 

2  581 

2  256 
256 

3  i8" 
181 

2  555 
555 

I  42,1 
I  261 

252 
255 
265 
i"   250 
269 
260 
262 

267 
267 
266 
25H 
250 
2,S9 

1^ 

271 
264 
270 
248 
271 
268 

252 

255 
248 
266 
266 

270 
266,  268 

I  275 
269 
266 

249 
262 

257 

e  3  519 

I  265 

251 

1  2.SI 
262 
270 
263 
269 


Vor,.  III.] 

Scirpus 
pahisliis 
pauciflorus 
Peckii 
planifolius 
polypliyllus 

piiiipeiis  265 
tjiiadraiii^iilatiis    249 

reliofractus  244 

Tobustus  26S 

roslcllaliis  256 

rufus  267 

Sraitliii  264 

spadiceiis  259 

subterminalis  263 

suftiinis  264 
sylvaticus        268,  269 

Talora  i  267 

tenuis  255 

Torreyi  26,s 

lorlilis  253 

tubeiriilosus  253 

V'ahlii  260 

validiis  266 

ll'oljii  252 

Scleranthus  2    4" 

aiimius  41 

Scleria  i  281 

lava  2S2 

oligaiitlia  281 

pauciflora  283 

reticularis  282 

Torreyana  282 

triiflonierata  282 

verticillata  283 

Sclerolepis  3  306 

uni  flora  306 

Z'eilicillala  306 

Scolochloa  I  2'.i9 

festucacea  a^ 

Scolopendrium  i    21 
Scolopendriura        21 

vulifiire  21 

SCROPHUI.ARIACEAE 

3  142 

Scrophularia  148 

leporella  149 

Marylandica  148 
ttodosa  var.  Afar.  148 

Scutellaria  3    78 

am  h  iff  II  a  8r 

Britlonii  82 

campestris  82 

ctini'scenf  79 

cordifolia  !<o 

Druiniiiondii  81 

galericulata  83 

hirsiila  80 

liyssopi/olia  80 

incana  3    70 

integrifolia  80 

laevigata  79 

lateriflora  79 

mollis  82 

nervosa  83 

ovali/olia  80 

parvula  81 

pilosa  80 

resitiosa  81-2 

saxalilis  3    82 

serrata  79 

leuci  iifolia  83 

versicolor  80 

Wriffhtii  81 

Sedum  2  164 

acre  166 

Nevii  168 

pulchellutu  167 

reflexum  167 

Rhodiola  165 

roseuni  165 

sparsifloruvi  166 

stcnopetalvim  166 

telepliioides  165 

Telephium  165 


GENER.'Mv   INDEX  OF   L.-VTIN   NAMES. 


Sedum 

ternatuni  2  167 

Torreyi  166 

SCLACINICI.LACKAE 

I      (4 

Selaginella  44 

apns  45 

rupestris  44 

selaginoides  44 

spinoiti  44 

Selenia  2  134 

aurea  134 

Sell  mini 

acaiile  2  517 

Canadeiise  512 

Sempervivum  2  168 

iccloruiu  168 

Seiiehicra 

Coronopns  2  113 

didyiiia  113 

Semxioneae  3  301 

Senecio  3  475 
antciinariifoHus     478 

atripluifoliiis  474 
aureus  aud  var. 

479-81 
"  august i/ol I  lis    479 

"  pauciflorus  3  4S0 

gracilis  481 

Balsamitae  479 

caiius  477 

conipaclus  480 

discoideus  479 

Douglapii  481 

Elliottii  47S 

eloiigatus  478 

frigidus  476 

liieraci/olius  473 

intefrerriraus  476 

Jacobaea  3  482 

obtusus  481 

lelgan  477 

lyratus  4S1 

obovatus  var.  478-<.i 

"  elongatus  3  478 

"  rotuiidus  479 

palustris  481 

paiui/loriis  4S0 

Plattensis  478 

Pseudo-Arnica  476 

Robinsii  4S1) 

Sinallii  470 

sylvaticus  4S2 

tomentosus  477 

viscosus  483 

vulgaris  482 
Serapias 

viridiflora  I  469 

Sericocarpus  3  353 

asteroides  354 

bifoliatus  354 

coiivzoides  354 

linifolius  3S3 

solidagiiieiis  353 

torti/olius  3^4 

Seiinia  3  263 
( Apogon) 

oppositi  folia  263 
Serratula 

see  Lacinaria  3  315-1S 

arveiisis  3  489 

glaiica  303 
'  Soi'eboraceusis      3ija 

Sesban  2  293 
{Sesbania\ 

iiiacrocarpa  296 

Seshania  2  295 
Seseli 

divaricalum  2  527 
Sesleria 

daelyloides  i  183 

Sesuvium  i  598 

maritinium  598 

pentandrum  598 

Setaria 


Setai  ia 

dticlvloides  i  1S3 
see  Ixophorus    126-127 
Seyiiieria 

niacropliylla  3  172 

Sheplierdia 

a  y gen  lea  2  468 

Oniadeiisis  467 

Sherardia  3  226 

arvciisis  226 

Sibbaldia  2  217 

procuiiibens  217 

Silitlicrpia 

ez'olviilaiea  3    20 

Sicyos  3  252 

aiigulatus  252 

lohala  251 

Sida  2  4i3,  421 

A  fill  I  Hon  422 

aleeoides  418 

Kllioltii  421 

lieriiiaplirodita  422 

liispida  42(1 

A'apaeti  422 

spinosa  421 

Stella  la  3  5'9 

Sideroxylon 

lanufiinosuin  2  596 

lycioides  596 

Siegesheckia 

oaidenlalis  3  430 

Sieglingia  i  184 

(  Tncuspis,  Triodia  1 

albescens  3  5113 

decunil)ens  i  1S3 

elongata  3  504 

pilosa  504 

purpurea  i  185 

seslerioides  184 

stricta  185 

Sileue  2      8 

acaulis  8 

alba  9 

Anglica  12 

antirrhina  n 

"  divaricata  11 

.Aruieria  1 1 

Caroliniana  n 

conica  3  5U 

Ciiciibalus  2      9 

dicliotonia  12 

Drummoiidi  15 

Gal  I  ica  12 

inflala  9 

Menziesii  13 

nivea  9 

nocti  flora  12 

noctiirna  12 

tiutans  9 

ovata  >< 

Peiinsylvanica         11 

raceinosii  1 2 

regia  2    id 

rotniidifolia  10 

stellata  8 

Virginica  10 

vulgaris  9 

Silphium  3  4u6 

Asteiiscus  407 

integrifolium  407 

laciniatum  408 

jVutlallianitiu  410 

perfoliatum  406 

terebinthinaccnni  41)8 

"  pinuatifidum      408 

trifoliatum  407 

Silvbum  3  490 

Mcirianiiin  i,^f> 

Simariuai;eae  2  354 

Sinapis  3  117 

alba  117 

arvensis  119 

jiincea  118 

nigra  118 

Sison  2  534-0 


551 

Sison 

A  mini  2  534 

Ciinadense  536 

Sisymbrium  2  115 

Atliaria  115 

altissiniuin  1 16 

bracliycnrpon  145 

cniiescens  145 

den  la  I II  in  148 

liunii/'usum  147 

luiinile  116 

niurate  120 

oflicinalc  116 

J'linnoiiicuni  116 

Sinapisli  mil  116 

teniiifoliiim  120 

Thaliiinuin  146 

see  Roripa         2  124-6 

Sophia  144 

Sisyrinchium  i  453 
anceps           i  453,  454 

angustifoliuni  1  4,54 

Atlanticum  454 

Beriiiiidiaiia  453 

graniinoides  453 

miicronaliini  454 

Si  Ian  ion 

elynioides  i  232 

Sitilias  3  278 
(  Pyirliopappus) 

Caroliniana  279 

grandillora  279 

Slum  2  513,  532-8 

angxistifolium  2  538 

Carsoni  532 

cicutaefolium  532 

erect  urn  538 

hilifoliiini  533 

line  are  532 

longi/'olium  513 

rigid  nm  513 

Smii.aceae  I  438 

Smilaciiia 

bit'olia  I  431 

see  Vagnera  i  429 

Smilax  i  438 

Hona-nox  441 

C'ldiica  440 

ecirrliata  439 

glauca  440 

/iiislata  44  ( 

licrbacea  439 

liispida  440 

lanceolata  442 

laurifolia  441 

Pseudo-China  441 

piilveruleiita  439 
giiadrangiilaiis    440 

rotundifolia  i  440 

spinulosa  440 

tainnifolia  439 

tain  no  ides  441 

Walleri  442 

Sinyrnium 
at  ropiirpu  renin 

2  5i3 

auieiim  534 

haihinode  518 

coidatiint  535 

in/igeri  imtim  526 

niidiciiiile  516 

S(1i,anaci;ae  3  124 

Solanum  3  134 

Carolinense  135 

citrulli  folium  136 

ci>ui(>iJes  133 

O'lonopus  134 

Dulcamara  137 
elaeagnifolium       135 

heteiandriim  136 

lieterodoxum  136 

Lycopersicum  137 

nigrum  134 

rosttatum  136 


552 

Solanum 

Torreyi  3  'V' 

triflorum  I,i5 

triquetrum  137 
So/ea 

foiicolor  2  45(1 

Solidago  3  .^3<) 

nlpestris  XV 
allisiima         330.  314 

arguta  3  34^ 

"  sia /»■<■/ la  341 

axillaris  332 

bicolor  333 

"  tiuuolor  333 

Biltelovii  i}i?: 

Boottii  34'^i 

caesia  ii^ 

'axillaris  i},2 

Canadensis  344 
••  gilvocanesceiis  344 

"glabrata  3  344 

"  procera  344 

"  scabia  344 
"  seabriuscula       344 

cotdata  349 
Curtissii  and  var.  333 

Driiiumondii  3  ,M5 

Elliottii  34" 

elliplica  M° 

erecta  334 

fisUilosa  339 

flexicaiilis  332 

Gattingeri  343 

gij,'ait/eii  342-3 

gracilis  3  332 

);ramiiii/oliii  347 

hirsii/it  ^.'i^ 

liispida  .'i.'..^ 

HouKhtoni  347 

/niniilis  337 

"  Gi/lmani  338 

inaiiia  3  344 

juneea  341 

"  nimosa  342 

"  scabrcUa  341 

lameolula  347 

lali/olia  332 

lalerifloia  3H0 

leplr'cephala  3jS 
Lindlieimeriana     335 

liiioides  341 

niaciophylla  334 

Jlissouriensis  343 

mollis  344 
nionlicola        334,  337 

^rull  lenheri;  it  342 

niiiltiradiata  340 
negUcta  and  var.    341 

neniciralis  3  344 

"  ariMiicola  344 

odora  33S 

"  ini)dora  338 

Oliio-nsis  346 

patula  339 

petiolaris  332 

pi/osii  33(» 

procira  344 

pubenila  335 

Purshii  3^7 

nuetiiosa  337 

Radula  345 

relrorsa  3,^8 

Riddellii  346 

rigida  34.S 

rigidiiiscula  336 

rugosa  3  339 

rupesttis  ,^42 

Saiotlrae  320 

scahra  344 

sempervireus  33'^ 

serotina  342 

"  K'ljanlea  343 

Sliortii  343 

sphacehila  349 


GENERAL   INDEX   OF   LATIN   NAMES. 


Solidago 

speciosa  3  336 

"  iiiiiiiistiila  334'! 

"  pallida  3  356 
"  ligidiKsciila     336 

squarrosa  331 

slricta  3^5 

tcniiifolia  348 

Terrae-Xovae  341 

//lyrwiciru  334 

tortifolia  338 
nliginosa          336,  341 

lilniifolia  3  340 

uniligiilata  341 

viixa/,!  335 

Virganrea  ^t,~ 

'•  <7 //>/«(/  T,},- 

'  Ilcanei  337 

"  Ctilniani  338 

"  Kandii  3,^7 

"  Redfieldii  337 

"  moHlicolii  337 

Sonchus  3  271 

aciiminatus  275 

arvensis  272 

asper  272 

Floiidanus  275 

I^udovicianiis  273 

oleraceus  272 

ptilchcllus  275 

spiciiliis  276 

Sophia  a  144 
( Sisymbrium  in  part ) 

Hartwegiana  145 

incisa  145 

pinnata  145 

Sophia  144 

Sophora  3  263 

II II  Sim /is  265 

sericea  263 

litiilnria  266 

-'i/iosa  266 

Soibus  3  233 

Americana  233 

Aucuparia  233 

tuiiiocarpii  233 

sambuci  folia  2^3 

Sorghum  1  104 

az'enace'iin  104 

Haleptnse  104 

miliins  104 

SPARCA.NTACEAli  1      63 

Sparganium  i    63 

androcladtim  64 

aiiaiisli/ti/iiiin  (\.\ 

eurycarpum  (13 

/III  Hans  (14 

minimum  04 

simplex  64 

Spiirs;aiii'plipriis 

■■criicillatus  J,  i'-^ 

Spartina  i  175 

iilleriiifiorii  177 

cynosuroides  173 

);iabra  \-- 

gracilis  176 

jiiiuea  \-u 

patens  176 

polystacliya  176 

stricta  177 

Spar/ ill  III 

Sto/iariiiiii  2  271 

Spathyema  i  363 

foetida  363 

Speiii/aria 

/'iZ/ora  3  256 

/ep/o,aipa  256 

perfh/ia/a  256 

Spergula              2  30,  36 

arvensis  36 

deciimbeiis  30 

nodosa  30 

saiiiiioidfs  30 

Spci\i;ii/aria 

media  2  37 


Speigii/aria 

rubra  2     3; 

sa/iiia  37 

Spermacoce  3  217 

diddiiia  217 

glabra  J17 

Sl-KKMATfirilVTA    I      411 

Spermolepis  2  537 

divaricatns  537 

echinatus  337 

Sphaeialcea  2  422 

aceri  folia  423 

cuspidata  3  ,sii) 

rivii/aris  2  423 

s/f//a/a  3  ,siii 

Spiesia  2  1,0- 
(Oiy/ropis) 

arctica  30S 

Belli  300 

campestris  3ttS 

inflata  307 

Lamberti  309 

"  sericea  31X) 

multiceps  308 

splendens  7,o() 

Spigelia  2  61,5 

Marylandica  (hi.s 

Spilanthes  3  414 

repens  414 

Spiraea  3  170,  195 

Ariinciis  170,  197 
be/u/ifo/ia  var.  2  196 

coryrabosa  196 

opii/i/\i/ia  195 
salicifolia        196,  224 

sorbifolia  3  197 

tomentosa  196 

s/ipii/a/a  198 

/rifo/ia/a  198 

Virginiana  197 

see  Ulmaria  3  224 

Spiraii/lies 

decipieiis  i  475 
gruminea  var.  471 
see  Gyrostachys      470 

Spiiodela  i  365 
(Lemna  in  part) 

polyrhiza  363 

Sporobolus  I  150 
(inc.  I'i/fa) 

airoides  i  155 

argutus  1 34 

asper  jji 

asperifolius  150 

brevifolius  153 

conipressus  i,s6 

cryi)tandtus  155 

cuspidatus  153 

dif>.iiipeia/iis  153 

heterolepis  153 

Indicus  134 

junceus  154 

longifolius  151 

minor  152 

neglectus  132 

pilosus  132 

serotinus  136 

vaginacllorus  132 

Virginicus  153 

Stachys  3    96 

anibigua  97 

arvensis  c»S 

aspera  us 

lle/oiiica  119 
Cinciiiiia/ciisis        97 

cordata  ciS 

C'.ermanica  5:!! 

x/abra  97 

hyssopi  folia  96-7 

/i  is  pi  da  '   9S 

.\ii//ai/ii  9.S 

palustris  96-7 

tenuifoiia  (17 

Stanleya  3  ico 

pinnata  109 


LVor,.  in. 

stanleya 

pinna/ ifida 

2  109 

SrAl'IIVI.KACKAE 

2  .Vlf) 

Staphylea 

3')6 

trifolia 

3^)6 

Statice 

3  595 

.■\nneria 

595 

Caro/iniuna 

594 

Limonium  var 

594 

vulgaris 

595 

Steitonema 

3  589 

ciliatum 

589 

in/erniedium 

59" 

lanceolatum 

590 

longijolium 

59« 

quadriflorum 

591 

radicans 

590 

tonsuri 

59° 

Siellaria 

alpeslris 

2     34 

aqualica 

20 

liiflora 

,32 

borcalis 

li 

ceras/ioides 

crassifolia 

24 

FAi:idrdsii 

='3 

fon/tna/is 

24 

Friesiana 

32 

graminea 

22,   23 

Groen/andica 

2    34 

Holos/ea 

22 

humifusa 

£  i 

longt/o/ia 

22 

longipes 

23 

media 

21 

peduncularis 

2.5 

piibera 

22 

u/if;inosa 

21 

Stenanthium 

»  403 

angiislifo/iuni 

403 

gramineum 

4^3 

rohustum 

404 

Stenophragma 

a  146 

( Sisym  briu  m  in  part )                   | 

Tlialiana 

146 

Stenophyllus 

I  35S 

( Fimbris/ylis'm  part )                    | 

capillaris 

25» 

Stenosiphon 

2  498 

linifoliiim 

499 

virga/iis 

499 

Stenotus 

3  329 

(  Aplofiappus  in  part )                    | 

armerioides 

329 

Sieplianomcria 

minor 

3  268 

nincina/a 

268 

S/evia 

ca//osa 

3  447 

spliacela/a 

447 

S/iuar/ia 

2  426 

Stillingia 

2  3<^ 

sylvatica 

3<i9 

Stipa 

I  137 

avenacea 

138 

/>ar/>a/a 

J3» 

biro/or 

'3» 

capil/aris 

•45 

comata 

138 

Jiincea 

'39 

Macounii 

■37 

mbraiiacea 

141 

,\i,cliardsonii 

137 

spartea              i 

38.  1.^9 

Vii       .  ica 

I  138 

virinula 

•38 

Slorpelina 

elegans 

3  316 

S/raiiioniuin 

125 

Streptopus 

»  432 

amplexifolius 

432 

/anii,i;iiiOsus 

431 

roseus 

433 

Strophostyles 

2  3.38 

(f'/iaseolus  in  part) 

. 

2   109 

iAE 

2  .^96 

396 

396 

a  595 

595 

a 

594 

var. 

594 

595 

2  5H9 

5«9 

m 

590 

I 

590 

n 

591 

111 

591 

59'> 

590 

a   24 

ao 

32 

24 

J 

28 

24 

'i 

24 

22 

22,  23 

ica 

2    34 

22 

s: 

22 

23 

21 

■IS 

?3 

22 

21 

I  405 

turn 

403 

1 

403 

404 

I 

a  146 

/wjinpart) 

146 

1  2.S8 

C/»iJnpart) 

25t^ 

3  498 

499 

499 

3  329 

us  in  part ) 

s 

329 

ria 

3  268 

268 

3  447 

447 

2  426 

2  369 

3' 19 

I  '37 

•38 

«38 

138 

M5 

138 

139 

137 

uea 

141 

n  a 

137 

38.  139 

I  138 

J  38 

3  316 

I 

125 

I  432 

litis 

4^2 

us 

431 

433 

B 

2  33S 

Vol.  III.] 


GENER.\L   INDEX   OF   LATIN   NAMES. 


553 


ani;ulosa 

2  338 

lielvola 

3.A8 

"  Missouriensis    3,^1 

paticiflora 

2  339 

pediinculaiis 

3.W 

umbellata 

3.W 

Stuartia 

2  426 

Malachoilftulron    426 

pentaKyna 

2  427 

I'hffiiiica 

42h 

Stylipiis 

:'frniis 

2   220 

S/ylis'iia 

"see  Breweria 

3  20-1 

Stylophorum 

2  1112 

dipliyllum 

102 

Stylosanthes 

2  312 

bi  flora 

312 

elalior 

312 

raceiiiosa 

285 

riparia 

3  5' 7 

Styr.\(;eai5 

2  ,S98 

Styrax 

598 

Aniericatia 

599 

(traidifolta 

599 

ptilvenileiita 

599 

Sua (da 

dfprcssa 

15S5 

linearis  var. 

584 

nia>  ilium 

585 

Subulatia 

2  110 

aqualica 

no 

Suicisa 

auslralis 

3  249 

Sullivantia 

2  177 

Oh  ion  is 

"77 

Sullivaiitii 

177 

Sun  :ia 

Cm  inthiaca 

2  619 

diffo  run's 

611 

deflexa 

t>20 

rota  la 

(.18 

SYMrivr.\i,.*E 

2   54S 

Symphoticaipos 

3  235 

occideiitalis 

736 

iir/iit  ulala 

-3«. 

paticiflorus 

2.V' 

racemosus 

235 

Syiiiphoricarpos    236 

l'iil!;aris 

230 

Symphytum 

3    <'7 

oflicinale 

67 

Syiiiploiarf'us 

foetid  II  ? 

I  3''>3 

Sv.Mri.oc.\ci:.\K 

2  5ti7 

Symplocos 

597 

tinctoria 

597 

Syoandra 

3     '11 

j^raiiitiHora 

<|l 

hispidula 

01 

Syndesmon 

2     66 

( Aiifiiiiiiii'lla) 

tlialictroides 

66 

Synosma 

3  474 

(  Cacalia  in  part) 

suaveolens 

475 

Syntherisma 

I  ;in 

( Viaitaiia  : 

Ptiiiiiinii  in  part) 

fdifornii.s 

I  1 1 1 

f::  labia 

II I 

lineaiis 

1 1 1 

praerox 

1 1 1 

sangiiinalis 

111 

serotina    1  1 1 

;  3  496 

villosa 

I  1 1 1 

Syiittiyris 

3  Ifi5 

Houghloniana       I'Vi 

riihi  a 

166 

Sytinga 

2  6ii<i 

vulgaris 

6<>o 

Taheriiaemonlaiia 

A II  ISO  11  ill 

3      I 

Ta  jell's 

Ta,i;eti  s 

papposa  3  453 

Talinum  2      i 

calycinuni  2 

parviflorum  2  , 

teretifolium  i 

Tanacetum  3  460 

Huronense  461 

vulgare  4(>o 

"  crispnm  460 

Taraxacum  3  270 

J)fiis-lr<iiiis  271 
erythrospernnim    271 

pffii'iiiair  271 

taraxacum  271 

"  alpiiium  271 

T.W.VCE.Mi  I      61 

Taxodium  i    57 

distichuni  .s'^ 

Taxus  I    (>i 

baccala  61 

brcvi/olia  (>i 

Canadensis  61 

minor  61 

Tecoma  3  u*"^ 

radicans  kk) 

Ti'phrosia 

liolosrricea  2  293 

see  Ctacca  292-3 

Tetragonanthus       2  61  y 

( Half  Ilia ) 

deflexns  and  var.  620 
Tetiagonotheca       3  413 

hclianthoides  414 

Tetraiithera 

aeniciilata 
Teucrium 

Canadense 

occidentalis 

I'iiXiiiiciiin 
Thalesia 

[Apliynon) 

fasciculata 
"  lutea 

uniflora 
Thalia 

dcalbata 
Thalictium 

alpinuin 

aiii'inonoides 

cam  pest  re 

clavatum 

coriacetim 

Coriiuli 

dioicuni 

polyKriiniim 

jiurpurascens 
"  cci  it'll  Ilia 

vcnuUisum 
Tliap^in 

Iril'oliala  2  51 S 

Thaspium  2  31S 

alropiirpiiieiiiii     518 

anil  Ilia  2  31S 

"  a  pier  II  III  531 

barbitiode  518 

"  anjjnsti folium    51S 

pimiatifidiim  51S 

trifoliatiim  518 

'  a  pier  II  III  535 

ll'al/eii  518 

TliI-.\CEAK  2  426 

Thelesperma  3  41' 

anibigiuim  441 

Jitit'oliiiiii  441 

(fracile  442 

trifidum  441 

Thelypodium  2  1 10 

iiitcKrifoHum  im 

pinnalifidiim  123 

Tluriiiia 

liioiiihit'oHa  2  263 

Thermopsis  2  264 

mollis  264 

rliombifolia  265 


Therofon 
(Hoykinia) 
aconitifolium 
napelloides 

Tlicsiuni 
niiibellatiiin 

Thlaspi 
arvense 
Bursapasloris 
cam  pest  re 
perfoliatnm 

Thuja 
occidentalis 

TlIVMKI,K.\CK.\K 

Thymophylla 


2  176 

177 
177 


( hh'iiienantUeniiii ) 


53" 
J13 
114 

139 
III 
114 

58 

58 

465 

453 


2  07 

3  7" 
7(' 

7^> 
3  194 

195 
195 
1 05 

1  455 
455 

2  86 
86 
66 
88 
87 
87 
88 

87 
8S 
88 
88 
88 


aurea 
Thymus 

Acinos 
Serpylluiu 
Tiaiella  2 

bite  mat  a 

cordi folia 
Tiedeniannia 

rii^ida  : 

tcretifolia 
TlLI.\CEAE  : 

Tilia  : 

alba 

Americana 

"  Walteii 

Canadensis 

Knropaea 
f;  I  a  bra 

heterophylla 

pubescens 
Tillaea 

aquatica 

simplex 
Tillandsia 

usneoidea 
Tipularia 

disiiu'or 

unifolia 
Tissa  2 

Kliiida) 

iSpi  iffulai  ia) 

Canadensis 

marina 

rubra 

salt  ml 
Tofieldia 

gliuinosa 

pahistri-i 

pii  best  ens 

racemosa 
Toi  dyliiim 

Aiitlirisciis 

nodi  i,(  /( in 
Torilis 

A II  til  rise  IIS 

nodosii 
Torment  illiZ 

reptans 
Toi  I  eya 

iiiiiinliili'id 
Towndsendia 

(jraiiditlora 

exscaj)!! 

serieea 
Toxiiodeiidron 

I  renal  mil 

piniialiiin 

:■  III:; a  re 
Toxyleu 

(Madura) 

pomiferuni 
Ttachelospermum 

(  Ee titles  ill  part 

difl'oriiie 
Traclii'iiotia 

polyslae/iya 
Tradescantia 

bracteata 

brevicaulis 


3  453 
3  "5 

lOQ 

J  15 

170.   177 
170 


178 
513 

5' 3 
413 
4'3 
4"4 
414 
414 
414 
4it 
414 
414 
414 
104 
1(14 
164 
374 
374 
47<) 
4S0 
4S1 
3*^-7 


1  3'!*:) 

309 
4.«) 

4>M 

2  311 
5I" 

2  51 1 
51" 

2  216 


1378 

377 

378 

3  5>" 

1378 

377 

2  366 
368 
367 
368 
3'''7 
3<>7 
3«^7 
3f'7 

3  26S 
264 
269 

2()9 

263-4 

1  105 

2  500 
a  300 

31H) 

2    72 

72 

72 

2  ■^:^,(> 
437 

43<' 

2  352 

.152 

352 

I  145 

I  159 

I       6 

6 


Tradescantia 

Jlexiiosa 
inontana 
pilosa 
reflexa 
rosea 

Virginiana 
Tiagia 
cordala 
HI  HOC  II a 
macrocarpa 
iiepetaefolia 
raniosa 
sty  I  a  ris 
urens 
Tragopogon 
Dandelion 
par\'ifolius 
pratensis 
t'iri;inieiiiii 
Traf;us 
Trapaceae 
Trapa 

natans 
Trautvetteria 
Carolinensis 
pa  I  mala 
Triadenum 
(El  odes) 
petiolatum 
Virginicum 
Tribulus 
maxim  us 
terrestris 
Triclioihloa 

miciosperma 
Trichodiuin 

see  Agrostis 
Trichomanes 

radicans 
Trieliophylhim 

opfyositi folium 
Trichostema 
braeliiatiim 
dichotomum 
lineare 
Trie-   pis 
acuiiiinala 
albescens 
purpurea 
Irinervij^liimis 
Trientalis 

.\iiicricana 
Trifolium 
agrarium  273 

arvense  27'' 

Heckwitliii  277 

bitloriim  312 

Carolinianuiu  279 

dubium  273 

erectiim  337 

liybridum  278 

incarnatum  2711 

medium  277 

minus  273 

pratense  276 

procumbcns  273 

reflexum  278 

repens  279 

si  mpliei  folium       337 
stoloniferum  278 

Virginicum  277 

Triglochia  i    S2 

el  a  la  >^^ 

inaritima  83 

paluslris  83 

striata  83 

Iriandra  '!•}, 

Tri^oiiella 
4       Americana         2  280 
Trilisa  3  3i8 

176       if.ialris) 
377       odoratissima  319 

5111       panicnlata  319 

',78    Trillium  i  435 


3  448 
3    77 

77-78 
78 
78 

3  504 

.503 

1  l'^3 
3  5<'4 

2  591 
,S92 

2   274 


35' 
35' 


5 -'I  I 
4 


1  ' ! 


554 

Trillium  i 

iHrmiuiii  I  4,^7 

LR'ctiim  437 
(lylliiiuai  f>ii»l       4.(S 

jrraiidindruiu  4,(7 

iiivak-  I   i.Vi 

ri.cui\!itum  .(>) 

1  liiDiihoiiiciiiii  4,(7 

sessik-  4,V-) 

uiululatum  4^18 

viri(l(j  3  51 1 

albescens  3  511,^ 

iiifiiea  I  1.S4 

dim  III  tie  Its  iX$ 

s/n'itii  iSs 

Triosteum  3  2,u 

aiiKUstifolium  2,() 

liL-rfolialuiii  2,;  I 

Tri/>()liiiiii 

ti Hi;  II St II III  3  3S3  - 

Tripsacum  i  '97 

daclvloiiKs  98 

Tri/>/eietta 

enei  iiteii  i  456 

Tri/>teiidiiin/ 

mi  nan  I  till  III  597 

Trisetum  i  170 

navcscL'iis  171 

paliislie  171 
Peniisylvanicum    171 

praleiise  1  171 

suhspioatuin  171 

Triliiiim 

sie  Agropyron  i  226 

Trollius  2    52 

AineiUauus  52! 

laxus  52 

"  atbifloriis  52 

Troxiiiion 

cuspidahitn  3  27S 

glaiuinii  277 

niaii:iiialii»i  27S 

pari'iiioruin  27S 

Tsuga  I    55 

CatiacUiisis  '6 

Caroliiiiaiia  56 

Tut  I  ill  3  114  ! 
pviiiaiilhcmoides  114, 

Tunica  3    17 

Sax  if  rasa  17 

Til  nil  is 

see  Arabis       2  i49-,so 

Tussilago  3  46<) 

Farfara  \(*) 

J'lii^ida  470 

pal  111(1  la  461) 

Pclasiirs  470 

saiiillala  470 

Tvi'ii.vcEAi-:  I    62 

Typha  i    62 

anRiistifoIia  6,( 

latifolia  62 

Udiiia  1    ()( 

Ulex  2  270 

liuropacus  270 

Ul.MACIvAli  1  52,^ 

Ulmaria  2  223 
{Spiraea  in  part) 

paliisliis  224 

rubra  224 

I'liuaria  224  ; 

Ulmus  1  524 

alata  525 

Americana  524 

caiiipestris  524 

fulva  525 

puhesceiis  525 

racemosa  524 

TTmdki.likerae  2  508 

Uncinia  i  3S4 

niicroBflochin  285 

Unifolium  i  430 
{itaianlhemiim) 


GHNIvRAL    INDEX   OF   LATIN 


(Jnifolium 

{Siiiitaciiia  in  part) 

Canadcnsi;  l  4,U 

liliacc'uiu  (30 

Uniola  i  1117 

i^racitis  197 

laxa  197 

latifiilia  197 

paniculata  ii>'< 

spiialii  11)8 

sliitta  19S 

Uracil  lie 

aspei  ifiilia  i   1  |n 

III  i<  10 II  Ilia  I  (11 

iiiieiihisa  i('i 

Uralepis  '. 

etniiKtila  3  .S114 

pilota  S"\ 

I'UTICACKAK  I    S3i> 

Urtica  i  .S3i 
cliain;K<lryi)iilcs     532 

ivtiiu'riea  I  5,i) 

t/irariiii/a  s.\^ 

<liciiiM  531 

Kra<.'ili>  531 

pniiiila  ,S33 

uri-iis  ,s,(2 

Urticastrum  i  532 
( l.ap'ii  lea  \ 

ilivaricatuni  ,s.(3 

Utricularia  3  is> 

hi  flora  193 

hipirlila  192 

lerttlopUvlla  191 

claiuK-itina  \<yo-i 

cK-istiiffaina  19) 

corniita  i8g 

fibnisa  192 

fiiriiicala  193 

(libha  193 

inflata  ii>i 

iiiti'niR'ilia  192 

iiiacrnyliizii  191 

juncea  189 

loiiKirintiis  19,^ 

niiiKir  192-3 

purpurea  191 

ri'sui)iiial  i  1911 

sanalii  191  ■ 

seta  era  1911 

striata  191-2 

siibulata  190 
vulKari>  and  var,     km 

Uvularia  i  40s 

aiiipleri/olia  432 

Rrandillora  4i>9 

perfoliata  41)9' 

puberula  41(1 

sessilifolia  41)0 

Vaccaiia  2    iS 
[Sapiinaiia  in  part) 

V'accaria  i^ 

I'lilf^aris  \^ 

VACClMACIiAIi  2  573  , 

Vaccinium  2  ,57,s  1 

alhiiiii  3  241 

aiiioeiiii III  2  ,S77 

arboreuni  589 

alrococcum  578 

/)« ri/oliniii  575 

caespitosum  576 

Canadense  578 

coryniboBuni  577 

disoiiiiiip/tiiiii  578 

liirtellii  III  575 

hispidiiliim  581 

liiiustriiiiiiii  570 
menibranaceuni     ,S7') 

iiiiicroiiatiiiii  393 

myrlilloides  576 

niRrum  579 

ovalifolium  577 

pallidum  579 
Pennsylvanicuin  578 
"  angnstifoltuui    57S 


Vaccinium 
.staiuincuni 
leiielliiiii 
uliRinosum 
vacillans 
virKaluni 

Vitis-Idaoa  ,s8o 

sec  Gaylussacia  ,S74-ii 

Oxycoccus  .s-*!  2 

Vagnera  i  429 
Unc.  Sinilaiiiia 

in  part) 

amplexicaulis  i  429 

raceuuisa  429 

sleilata  4311 

irifolia  4311 

Vai.i.ki  \n  \ci:ai;  3  213 

Valeriana  3  243 

dii'iia  iw 

edulis  2U 

I.ociista  2(,s 

"  olit..  rad.  24^  I) 

otliciualis  245 

paiK'illora  244 

sylvatica  24) 

Valerianella  3  2)s 

chcnopiidifolia  24H 

I.ocusta  245 

loiiari  flora  247 

iililiuia  24,s 

radiata  24I) 

stenocarpa  246 

Woodsiana  247 

"  patoUaria  247 

"  umbilicata  247 

V'ALUSXKRIACICAE 

I  92 

Vallisneria  i    92 

spiralis  93 

I'aseya 

I'liiiiiita  1  144 

Veratruni  i  407 

aiiiiiisli/oliiiiii  4113 

111  I  emu  402 

parvilloriiin  407 

viride  411*^ 

Woodii  41)8 

Verbascum  3  14,^ 

lilattaria  14^ 

Lyclinilis  144 

piilonioidts  143 

Tliapsus  143 

V'kRHKNALKAE  3     (K) 

Verbena  (1) 

aURUstifolia  71 

Aul'hiia  72 

bipinnatiflda  72 

bracteosa  7 1 

Canadensis  72 

liastataand  var.  70 

iiodillora  -,\ 

qlfiiiiialis  71) 

paiiieiilala  711 

piiinatijida  70 

ris;ens  71 

ripai  ia  70 

stricta  71 

nrticifolia  70 

Verbesina  3  429 

altm  4 1 ,( 

alternifolia  431 

encelioides  431) 

lielianthoides  4311 

occidentalis  4,vi 

Siec;esl>eckia  430 

Virginica  429 

Vernonikak  3  299 

Vemonia  3  301 

allissima  30,5 

"  i;raud  iflo  1  a  31  )4 

"  iiiarciiiata  304 

Arkaiisaiia  302 

Ilaldwinii  302 

crinita  302 

Druuimondii  304 


NAMl'S. 

Vemonia 

;vot 

.  ur. 

2   ,S^o 

fascicnlata 

S  V13 

577 

Kig.nitca 

.v.! 

sr" 

Rlanca 

,l".t 

.V) 

Jaiiiesii 

S"\ 

577 

niarginata 

.VU 

Noveboracensis      302 

"  lalifolia  303 

touientosa  302 

Veronica  3  iM) 
aKresus  and  var.     170 

alpina  iftH 

Americana  1117 
.XnaBallisaquatica  i(>7 

arvensis  3  1(19 

/III  X  lui  II  III  a  1711 

Hy/anlma  1711 

Ciiamaedry*  l()8 

liederaefolia  171) 

ollicinalis  i()8 

peregrina  199 

scutellata  i()7 

serpylljfolia  169 

I'i/tjiuiea  171 

I'e.'iearia 

aixi  iilea  2  137 

areliia  138 

didyiiuicarpa  l.i.s 

,(,'/i'A('.(a  I3() 

j;racilis  1,(7 

Sliiirlii  I3f) 

Viburnum  3  228 

acerifolium  230 

alnifiilium  229 

cassinoides  232 

Demctrinnis  231 

/erru<;i lieu  III  233 

dentatum  231 

"  piiheseeiis  2,V) 

laiilaiioides  229 

I.entago  232 

niollc  231 

nudum  232 

"  Clai'toiii  2,(2 

obovatnni  3  23,1 

Opnlus  229 

"  e  radial  mil  230 

paucifloruni  230 

prunil'iilium  2,(3 

globosum  2,(3 
"  /erriiiiiiiemii      233 

pubesccns  23.1 
rufotomentosum     2,(,( 

liilolimii  229 

Vicia  2  32,s 

Americana  2  326 

angustifolia  329 

Caroliniana  327 

Cracca  326 

liirsnta  328 

linearis  32(1 

J,udi)viciaiia  327 

micrantlia  (27 

Milihelli  328 

parvifiora  327 

sativa  328 

sepium  329 

tetrasi)erma  32H 

Iriiiicata  (26 

Vigna  2  339 

Catjaii'f  340 

Sinensis  340 

I'll  fa 

see  Sporobolus  1  152-6 

I' ill  ar  si  a 

aqualica  2  623 

laeiiiiosa  622 

Viuca  3      2 

minor  2 

Vincetoxicum  3    1 7 
( Gonololiiis) 

BaUhvinianwm  19 

Carolinense  18 

gonocarpos  i 7 

"  laevis  i,S 


[Vol, 


// 

naU 

loraceiisis 

itolin 

itosa 

I  3 

lis  and  var. 

a 

icaiia 

allisaiiuaticaU); 


ur. 


3"3 
3'M 

3"4 
,V't 

',V>3 
302 
IW) 

170 

ii>7 


lliq 

>7" 
170 
KiS 


ISIS 

'mil  III  a 
iitina 
laidryi' 
racfoiia 
iialis 
^liiia 
fUata 
yllifolia 
;iiiii\l 
I  ill 

iiu-a  2  '■' 

ica 

■iiidcarpa 
I'sa 
:i/is 
It  a 

lum  3 

•ifi)lium 
f(  ilium 
iiiKiiilcs 
nclriiiiiis 
•  Kiiiiiriiin 
it.itum 
'iii/tesiriis 
laiioiiifs 
itajTo 
Ho 
lum 

Clavloiii 
)vatuiu  2 

ulus 

(■radial  mil 
uciflorum 
iiuifoHum 
ibiisum 
/t'rniaiiieniii 
,bescens 
fotiimeutosum 
ilohinn 

inericana 

igustifolia 

iioliniaua 

racca 

irsuta 

ncaris 

uiloviciaiia 

licraiitlri 

tihiielli 

aiviflora 

itiva 

L'pium 

jtrasptTma 

iiincata 

SaljaiiS 
sinensis 

//"(I 

ii-e  Sporobolus  i  152-6 

■liar  si  a 


lOS 

107 
169 

'7' 


I,Vi 
1,V' 
>.i7 
l.V> 
\  2ii 

2,V> 

229 

231 

2.V? 
231 
2.VJ 

229 
232 

231 
232 
232 

3  233 

229 

2,V> 
230 
233 
233 
233 
2311 
233 
229 

325 
326 

329 
327 
326 
32H 
326 

'327 
32H 
327 
328 

329 

32« 
326 
2  330 
34» 
34" 


7i/iialic'a 
'aiiiiiosa 
uca 
minor 
ncetoxicum 
( Oonolol'iis) 
BaUlwinianum 
Carolinense 
gonocarpos 
"  laevis 


623 

622 

2 

2 

17 

19 
18 
17 
iS 


Vol.  III.] 

GENEILAL   INDEX 

OF   L.XTIN   NARIIiS. 

Vincetoxicum 

1 

\'irs;i!ia 

Wolffia 

I  3"7 

liirsutum 

3    '^ 

liiica 

2    2(1  ( 

Hriisiliensi> 

.V'7 

}iii;riiiii 

lb 

Viscaria 

2      7 

Columbiiina 

.V'7 

ol)li(inum 

iS, 

alpina 

7 

i'li'iidaiia 

3  5')9 

>Slii)itii 

•9! 

I'iu  mil 

ghidiata  var. 

.V"! 

snliurosum 

17 

Jhivt'sceiis 

I  535 

papulifera 
Wolffiella 

5'" 

VlOLACHAE 

2  44.=; 

leireshr 

2   5SS 

3  ,5i>l 

Viola                 2 

4.(6-56 

VlTACK.Ui 

2  4„7 

Floridana 

500 

aiiioeiia 

451' 

Vitis 

.l,.s 

Woodsia 

I       II 

urinaria 

45 1 

aestivalis 

4(«) 

alpina 

In 

arvfiisis 

455 

"  laiifsceiis 

409 

glabella 

In 

Atlantica 

44" 

arh.'ifd 

412 

liyperhorea 

In 

blanda 

4.=i'> 

Bailiyaua 

411 

Ilvensis 

In 

"  /laliislri/iirmis  430 

bii-olor 

40.) 

obliisa 

I  I 

Canadinsis 

a  453 

hipiiiiiala 

412 

1  )regana 

I  1 

canina  var. 

45) 

cimrta 

4'«7 

senpuliua 

!  1 

couiolor 

456 

cordi  folia 

,|lo 

Woodwardia 

I      20 

cucullata  2  4.(7 

3  52U 

indiz'isa 

4'2 

aii:;iisti/iiliii 

2n 

delpliiiii/olia 

2  447 

I.abrusc.i 

4.»s-9 

areolata 

2(1 

douK'slica 

3  519 

palmata 

410 

Virgiuiea 

20 

LMuargrinata 

520 

iliiiiHIiicfolia 

4>3 

Wulfenia 

3  "'5 

liastata 

2  452 

rifai la 

410 

1  Si'ii/lii'iis '' 

I^abradorica 

454 

rotundifolia 

411 

HiiUKlituniana 

Kill 

lanceolata 

45' 

rupi'stris 

411 

rubra 

Hit) 

Miilili-nheri^ii 

4.=;4 

I'iroiiiiaiia 

411 

Xanthium 

3  2')- 

vnilliiiiiilis 

45) 

vnlpina 

10,   \\\ 

Cauadeiise 

2.).^ 

Nuttallii 

452 

I'lirkii! 

rcliiiialiiiii 

2(>S 

obliqua 

447 

.see  Agastache 

3  S4-5 

si>inosnm 

207 

odorata 

449 

aiiisala 

''^S 

stnimarium 

2c  kS 

ovata 

i.X'^ 

l'ol2'lllllS 

Xanthorrhiza 

2    54 

palmata 

446 

s/>illiaiiiafiis 

3      2b 

apiifolia 

55 

palustris 

45" 

Waldsteinia 

2  21S 

siiiiplicissiiiui 

55 

pedatifida 

447 

fragarioides 

2lS 

XaiitliosDiiia 

pedata 

449 

parviflora 

3  516 

sai;illae/olia 

I  362 

"  hicolor 

449 

Washingtonia 

2  5.i"-i 

Xanthoxylum 

2  353 

prinnilacfolia 

451 

( Os>iiortlii:a) 

Americanuni 

35,1 

pnboscens 

2  452 

Claytoui 

,5.V> 

Carolinian  II  III 

35,1 

reni  folia 

45" 

divaricata 

,S3" 

ClavaUerculis 

.V5,i 

rostrata 

455 

longistylis 

5,V> 

Xerophyllum 

I    4nl 

rotundifolia 

449 

Weigela 

3   2)2 

aspliiideloides 

401 

sagittata 

448 

Willughbaea 

3  313 

seli/olinni 

401 

"  emarginala 

3  520 

(Mikaiiiii) 

Xiiiieiifsia 

scabriuscula 

2  453 

scandens 

3' 3 

fiuiiioidcs 

3  4,V> 

Sclkirkii 

45" 

Ji'iiidsoria 

Xolisma 

2  51") 

sororia 

4_(S 

siricia 

I  1S5 

(  A II d ro III fifa  in  part ) 

striata 

453 

pallida 

213 

lignslrina 

57" 

teiiella 

4.S5 

Wistaria  (  Wisteria) 

Aytoslt'iiin 

tricolor  and  var.     453 

Jriitcscciis 

2    2t)4 

iiiTiilncralniii 

3  242 

verlicillala 

456 

macrostachys 

3  517 

ohionnifoliiiiii 

240 

villosa 

447 

speciosa 

2    21)4 

XVRIDACEAE 

1  36S 

555 

Xytis  I  ;i,f)S, 

Caroliniana  370 

eniumunis  3()<) 

ditf'iirinis  3'x) 

elala  370 

tlmbriata  370 

tiexuosa  369 

J II  pa  cat  370 

inontana  ,^(19 

tnrta  370 

Yucca  I  4  21) 

aiiniiili/iilia  427 

baeeala  420 

lllamentosa  427 

glauea  427 

Zannichellia  i    79 

palustris  80 

Zapania 
iiineil'iilia  3 

Zephyrantlies  i 

.■\tamascu 

/in  Ilia  3 

i^i  andi/liira 

Zizania  i 

aquatica 
iiiiliaii'a 

Zizaniopsis  i 

miliaeea 

Zizia  2 

aurea 
liebbii 
ei  irdala 
intiXerrinia 
piniiatifida 

Zomia  2 

br.icteata 
telraphylla 

Zostera  i 

marina 

Zygadenus  i 

elegans 
glaberrimns 
Klanciis 
leiniantlioidcs 
Nuttallii 
veiieuosus 

ZYGOI'HYLLACEAE 


7,1 
44.i 
444 
411 
412 
12S 
1 28 
128 
127 
128 
.S.M 
534 
534 
535 
526 
518 
3' 2 
3'3 

y.\ 
82 
82 

404 

4'>5 
404 

405 
406 
4"5 
4"5 


2  3.11 


English  Index,  including  Popular 
Plant  Names. 


[The  heavy  face  figures  i,  2,  3  indicate  the  volume;  those  following  them,  the  page.    Names 

in  italics  are  additional  popular  names,  not  printed  in  the  text,  but  referred  lo  the  proper 

plant  by  the  number  of  the  Illustration  or  Figure  ^f ),] 


Aarim's  lUard 

3  14^.  <  1883 
Aaron's  Rod 

2  I  ('5,  3  14,?  .y; 

Abclc-  I  490 

Abel-trcc  f  1164 

Abroniit  1  597 

Abscess-root,  Am. i  2903 

Absinth  3  \<ii, 

Acacia  3  254 

Hastaril,  False  294 

Illinois  i  20,^0 

Prairie  2  254 

Rose  ■^   295,    f  2122 

Tliree-thorned     2  260 
AcANTHis  Family 

3  201 

Ache  2  5.;,? 

Aconite  Oi 

Winter  5,? 

Aconite  Saxifrage      177 

Actinonieris  3  4,u 

Actinosperimuii  44,? 

Adani-aiul-live        I  4>i 

Adam's-f;//)  f  ittoi 

-flannel    3  14,^  f  3481 

•  needle      I  427;  2  5^1 

Adders-fern  i  i 

-flower  2     14 

-meat  22 

-nioiilh  I  475-6 

Fogonia  f  1114 

Adiiei'sspear  f  i 

Adder  s-s/'it  f  61 

ADDKR'S  TuNGl"E 

Family  i      i 
Adders-tongue 

1  2,  420;  3  494 

Kngehnann's       3  4114 

Sand  404 

Adder's-violet       i  1132 

Adders-tiort  i  3056 

Adelia  2  (;o3 

Adenocaulon  3  404 

Adonis-flo-cer       i  1639 

African  rose         i  1659 

Agave  I  445 

Agoseris  3  277-.'^ 

Agrinionv  2  226-7 

Water  "  3  437 

■  hark  12271 

-grass,  -root        f  1023 

-tree  2    97 

Afjue-weed  2  615:  3  311 

AiLANTiius  Family 

2  354 
Ailanthus  335 

Airif  3  220 

Aise-wecd  2  339 

Alien  f  131 

Alder  i  512-13 


Alder 

American 

f  1222 

lierrv 

2  406 

Black 

392,  406,  fl22I,  1223 

Common 

f  1222 

Dwarf      2  406, 

f  I.K78 

False 

f  2362 

Green 

f  1222 

Spiked 

f272, 

spoiled 

f  1879 

Striped 

f  2362 

Tav;        fi2i9. 

I22I-2 

H'liite        f2V 

2,  2771 
11878 

Witch 

Alecoast,  Alccosl 

3  4.5f» 

Alelioof 

^7 

Alexanders 

2  51S 

Golden 

2  31S.  f  26-0. 
Heart-leaved 

2690-1 

2  535 

Alfalfa 

2  272 

Alfilaria 

2  344 

Al  filar  ilia 

f  2249 

Alkali-grass 

*977 

Alkanet 

f  3048 

Bastard 

3    63 

Alkekengi 

3  132 

All-bone 

2     22 

Alleghany  Fri  Hi, 

'•<'fl072 

Alleghany  Vine 

2  1115 

Alleluia           2  2 

71.  545 

A  lli;ood 

f  1 370 

AllOieal       3  SS, 

97.  243 

Alligator-tree 

2  195 

-lion  nets 

f  153" 

Allionia 

1  5"5 

Allison,  5ri  ccl 

f  17SS 

While 

f  -775 

Allocarva 

3  51. 
f  1362 

Allseed 

Allspice,  Carolina  2    05 

Wild 

ON 

Almond,  Cutting 

3  41" 

Earth 

f  559 

Aloe- root 

f  1023 

Alpine  Bistort 

1  555 

Alsike 

2  27s 

Althaea.  Shrubb; 

426 

Alum-hloom 

f  2239 

Aluni-rcot       2  i 

70,  341 

Commo>i 

i  1S45 

Alyssnin 

2  152 

Hoarv 

154 

Sweet 

15.? 

Yellow 

153 

Amaranth  Family 

I  5S6 

Amaranth  1  588-90 

Duatf  f  1408 

Green  i  1398-9 


Amaranth 

Red  I  i  1399  var. 

Thor)iv  t  1400 

A.MARYLLis  Family 

I  443 

Amber  2  433 

Ambrose  f  137' 

Ambrosia,  Tall  3  295 

Amnianiiia  2  4^19 

Ampelopsis  412 

.Aniphiachyris  3  320 

.\ini)hicarpon  i  110 

Amsonia  3      i 

Amy-root  3      3 

Anchusa.  Amer.  13048 

Andromeda       2  568-71 

t.von's  f277i 

Privet  2  370 

.\ndracline  3  518 

Androsace  2  376 

Androstephium  i  416 

Anemone.  Canada  2    64 

Carolina  62 

Cut-leaved  63 

False-rue  54 

Long-fruited  63 

Meado;i-riie  i  1580 

Jlountain  2    63 

Northern  62 

Prairie  f  1581 

Ricliardson's  2    64 

Iionnd-leufcd  i  1574 

-headed  f  1574 

Rue  2    66 

Snuill-Jio-.Lcrcd  f  1570 

Star  i  2822 

Tall  2    63 

ll'ind-_/!o:icr  i  1580 

Hood  f  1576 

.1  iigel-eyes  i  3393 

Angelica             2  51 1-12 

Hairy  f  2637 

Ifigh  i  2636 

Sea  coast  2  320 

.\ngelica-lree  306,  f  2269 

Angelico  2  319 

Angel's-eyes  3  168 

Angleberries  2  332 

.•\ngle-pod  3     '7 

Anise,  Sweet  i  2681 

Anise-root  f  2681 

Aplianostephus  3  349 

Apiastrum  2  527 

Appalachian  Tea 

3  232  f  2359 

Ai'i'Li;  Family  2  232-45 

Apple  2  236 
Devil's      i  1646,  3222 

Hog  2    92 

Honeysuckle  558 

Jiidian  f  1646 


Apple 

Love 
Mad 

3  137 
13222 

May 

a    92 

Mock 

3  251 
f  1259 

Osage 

Peru 

f  3222 

Prairie 

3  284 

Swamp 

558 

Thorn 

3  139-40 

White 

1  2227 

Wild  Balsam      3  251 

Apple  of  Peru        3  125 

Ajiple  of  Sodom        ns 

Apple-pie  (smell )  f  2568 

Apple-root  f  2321 

April-fools  fi58i 

Arbor-vitae  1    58 

Arbutus,  Trailing  2  571 

Archangel  f  2636 

Black  3    96 

Green        f  3168,  3173 

Red  or  Sweet      3    94 

White  95 

Arctagrostis  i  157 

Arethusa  469 

Argentina  t  1934 

Argentill  2  225 

Arnica      3  471-2  f 3532 

Arnica-bud  ^  3522 

.\ristida  1  133-7 

Arrow-arum  i  362 

Arrow-beam  2  395 

Arrow-grass  Family 

j  1    82 

Arrow-grass   i  S3,  f  301 

1  Arrow-head         i  82-90 

Arrow-leaf         f  193-8 

j  Arrowroot  Family 

I  454 

Arum  F.vmily       i  360 

Arum  I  362-3 

Arrow- wood   2  406.  543; 

3  230-1,  f  2367 

Indian  12712 

Arsenic,  Wild       i  2735 

Articlioke,  Jerusalem 

3  429 

Asarabacca  i  538-9 

Asaruin  538-9 

Ash  2  601,  f  2.838 

llaskct  t  2843 

Bitter  f  2367 

Black 

3  602,  f  23S0,  2840 
Blue  2  600,  602,  f  2839 
Brown  i  2843 

Cane  f2838 

Carolina  f284i 

Flowering  t  2845 

Green  2  601 


■:-".i;  ri;.^ii,!>.;^j^.  ■  .....v., 


R 


age.     Names 
I  the  proper 


3  137 
f  3222 
a  92 
3  25' 
1 1259 
f  3222 
a  284 

558 
139-40 
1  2227 
3  251 
3  izs 

135 


)Sti9 

a 

iia 

.1 

3  471 
./)»</ 

nun 

ICillU 


lalsnni 
Peru 
Sodom 

(•  (smell )f  2568 

10/  i  2321 

p/s  i  158' 

tae  1    58 

Trailing  2  571 

el  f  2636 

3    96 

f  .V68,  3173 

r  Sweet     3    94 

95 

1  157 
469 

f  1934 

2  225 

*  3S32 
^3522 
133-7 

1  362 

2  395 
GRASS  Family 

I  82 
trass  I  83,  f  301 
lead  I  82-90 

■Ua/  i  193-8 

•  ROOT  Family 

I  454 
Family       i  360 

I  1  362-3 
kvood   2  406.  543 ; 

3  230-1,  f  2367 
in  f27i2 

V,  Wild       i  2735 
)ke,  Jerusalem 

3  429 
acca  I  538-9 

II  538-9 
2  601,  *  2S38 

■el  t  2843 

•r  i  2367 

k 

8  603.  f  23S0,  2840 
2  600,  602,  f  2839 
■C'll 

e 

•jlina 
vering 
in 


i  2843 
f2838 
f  2841 
I2845 
2  601 


Voi<.  III.]     KNGLISH  INDKX,  INCLUDING  PdPfLAR  PLANT  NAMES. 


557 


Ash 

Hoop  2  fiiia,  f  I2S5 
Afaple  f  2380 

Mountain  2  233 

Ox  5(/« 

Poison  2  ',SS,  f  2,^45 
Pof>,  or  Poppy  12841 
Pnekly  a  351 

Red  fxii 

Rim  <i25,s 

Sea  a  353 

Southern  Prickly  353 
Sivamp  {2839,2845 
Wafer  a  354 

Water 

2    (1(12,    f  23S0,  2839 

While 

2  frji,  f  2839,  2843 

Vello:f  1 2046 

Ash-weed  2  539 

-wort  3  477 

Asp,  Afounlam  11170 

Quaking  i  1170 

7F//;Vf  fii64 

Asparagus  i  428 

Aspen,  American      492 

Ureal  f  1164 

Asphodel        I  399,  401 

Hast:"'  i^yt) 

Bog  I  401 

False  i  96b-7 

Lancashire  ^  9<'9 

Scottisli  I  399 

Ass- foot  3  469 

Aster  3  354 

Amethyst  367 

Aromatic  366 

Arrow-leaved  364 

Jice-iceed  ^3751 

Bernhardi's  3  358 

lltuc-lh-vil  13753 

Blue  Wood  3  363 

Bog  375 

Bushy  376 

Calico  380 

Clayton's  358 

Cornel  392 

Creeping  373 

Crimson-disk  356 

Crooked  stem  368 
Dense- flowered      381 

Dewy-leaf  360 

Dome-topped  359 

Drummond's  3(^4 

Early  Purple  367 
Eastern  Silvery      572 

Fall  f  3753 

Faxon's  3  378 

Fendler's  372 

File-blade  374 

Flat-topped  392 

Forking  358 

Frost-weed  379 
Great  Northern      367 

Hardy  ^376° 

Hair-stemmed  3  380 

Hervey's  374 

Heath,  Rose  383 

White  379 
Large-flowered       372 

-leaved  359 

Late  Purple  3O5 

Leafy-bracted  371 

Lilac-flowered  372 

Lindley's  364 

Long-leaved  371 

Lowrie's  363 

Low  Rough  374 

Low  Showy  373 

Many- rayed  362 

Missouri  378 

Mountain  376 

Nebraska  375 

New  England  366 

New  York  370 


A^ter 

Nortliea'.t.-rii       3  3118 

I'aiiicUd  377 

Prairie  374,  3^1 

I'riiiule's  379 

Purple  3''5-7 

ICarly  3(17 

Late  3f),s 

Sv.i?-iile  373 

Thin  leaved         3')f> 

Purple-stem  3(17 

Kavless  3X1 

Red -stalk  V17 

Reil  stein,  Smooth  3f)8 

Riee-l)iittnti  \-t\ 

Rose  Ilenlh  3  3S3 

Rosemary  3'^o 

RourIi  374 

Rush  370 

Salt  inarsli,  Annual 

382 
Perennial  382 

Savory  leaved         393 
Schrtber's  359 

Seaside,  Purple      373 
Short's  3^)2 

Showy,  Low  373 

Silksfcd  f  3733 

Silky,  Western   3  371 
Silver  1 3*152 

Silverv,  Western 

3  371 
Kaslern  372 

Sky-blue  3'>2 

Slender  373 

,Slini  v<2 

Small  White  381 

Smooth  369 

Narrow-leaved    369 
Soulliern  369 

Smooth  Red-stem  368 
Spreading  3  36S 

Starved  3S0 

Stately  361 

Stiff  303 

Swamp,  Southern  375 
Tall  White  377 

Tansy  3.S4 

Thinleaved  Purple 

3C/) 
Tradescaiit's  37s 

Tuber  373 

Various-leaved 

36'.  3'''5 

Violet-leaf  3  361 

Violet  Wood  360 

Viscid  3><4 

W.ivy-lcaved  363 

Western  370-1 

White 

Flat-top  3  392 

Small  381 

Tall  3-7 

I'plaiid  376 

'      White  Heath  379 

White  Prairie         381 

White-topped      353-4 

White  Wood       3  357 

White  Wreath        381 

Whorled  376 

Willow  377 

Wood 

Conunon  Blue     363 

LouK-leaved         337 

Violet  3()0 

White  357 

Asterworts  3  208 

Astlnna-weed  260 

Astilbe  a  170 

Ataniasco  Lily        i  4*4 

Atriplex  i  579-8o 

Atint  Jericho    i  2636-7 

Autuninal  Hawkbit 

I  3  266 

Ave  US  2  219-23 


Aveus 

Cream  colored     a  221 

Prntipiiii;  f  1940 

JCiirly  ll'ii/cr     f  1943 

Large  leaved        2  221 

Long  plumed  Jio 

Rloiiutaiii  222-3 

Purple  2  219 

Rough  220 

Spring  2311 

Wat.r        2  219  f  19(3 

White  220  f  1943 

Vellow  2  221 

Vellow  Mountain  210 

Awlwoit,  Water     2  im 

Axeseed  310 

Axweed  539 

Axewort  310 

Ayegtitn  f  1820 

Azalea  2  53S-,j 

Alpine  563 

Clammy  339 

Flame  .s.vi 

Hoary  f  2744 

Mountain  2  338 

Pink,  Purple,  35s 

Smooth  339 

Trailing  363 

Tree,  White,  539 

Az<illa  I    35 

Bahics' breath 

f  1021,  1464,  3409 
•feel,  -Iocs,  -slippers 

f  2288 
Baccharis  3  393-4 

liaehelor's  Buttons 

2  35";  3  492,  i  1614. 
3513.  407'' 
Backache-biake        i  ,38 
B.ackache-root        3  318 
Back-wort  67 

nacniitceed  f  nS9 

liadaer  f  1,381 

liag-leaves  fi8ii 

liaked-apple,  -berry, 

i  1893 

Baliia  3  448 

Bald  Cypress  I     ,s8 

llaldmonev  f  2869 

Hald  Rush  1  257-8 

Haiders  f  31)84 

riale-iort  f'lO^S 

Hall  Mustard        {1734 

Ballogan  3  263 

Balloon  Vine  2  403 

Balm.  Basil      3  102,  109 

Bee.  Aiuer,       102,  107 

Calamint  109 

Field  87,  loS 

Fragrant  102 

Garden  107 

Lemon  107 

Low  {3131 

Moldavian         f  3097 

Of  {3186 

AVrf  {3131 

)'ellotc  {2813 

Balm-leaf  3  107 

Balm-mint  3  107,  f  3181 

Balin-of-Gilead 

I  491,  f  T16S 
-Fir  fi26 

Balmouy  3  149 

Balsam 

2  403,  f  126-7,  2337 

Canada  i  126 

He  i  122 

Mountai  f  127 

Old-field  3  401 

She  f  127 

Sweet,  White,     3  401 

Wild  f  2,388-9 

Balsam  Apple         3  231 

Balsam  Fir  i    57 

Balsam-flowers       2  274 


Balsam  Poplar        t   Y)\ 
weed  3   )oi 

Bainlmo,  Kedlieri  v 

i  i(i,ii9 
Hamhoo  Urier  f  1054 
Ha  nana.  False  i  1.343 
Bamberry  3  33-') 

Hank-cress  f  i6<»i) 

Banual  2  271 

Hanuiirt  i  3724 

Harlnaii  '  4o7'> 

Hartiary  tig  t  2327 

Bariucrrv  Family 

2     8() 

Barberry  <f> 

Holly-leaved     f  1042 
Bardaue  3  4S4 

/>an;einan's  Cabbage 

t  1704 

Barley  1  22S-9 

Mouse,  Way,  Wild 

*  532 

Battonia  2  621 

Bartsia,  Alpine       3  1^3 

Red  183 

Base  Vervain  UiX 

Basil  3  108-9,  hi,  f  3i,S5 

Cow  f  1467 

Field,  Stone,       3  108 

Wild  3  108.  114, 

f  3160,  3167 

Basil-balm       3  102,  hkj 

-thyme     3  109,  {3147 

-weed  108 

Hass  f  623 

Bass-wood  2  414,  f  i^.\3 

White  2  414 

)'ello:v  {2411 

Bastard 

-Alkanet  3    63 

•  Boneset  310 

■  Chinaroot  i  10,36 
-Cress  f  1(184 
-Elm  i  1 255 

■  Gentian  i  28'x) 
-Hellebore  f  1120 
-Hemp  3    1)2 

■  Hoarliound  {3115 
-Jasmine  f  3220 
-Pennyroyal  3  78 
■Pimpernel         {2825 

■  Rocket  i  1703 
-Toad-flax  i  .s.i'i 

Bast-tree  {2411 

Hath-Jlozccr       i  1046-7 

Batter-dock  3  470,  f  142 

'  Hattlejield-Jiozrer  f  251 1 

Bay  2  48,  96.  427 

Dwarf  2  403 

Hollv  f  2441 

Loblolly  2  427 

North  Carolina  {1537 

Red  2    vft 

Rose      2  5(Jo-i,  {256^1 

Swamp  2    90 

Sweet  48,  f  1632 

Tan  2  427 

White  48,  *  1652 

Bayuekrv  Family 

I  487 

Bayberry     i  488,  I  1 100 

TalUnt'  J  1 160 

Bay  bush -buds       fii59 

Bay  Galls  11652 

Beach  Pea  2  330 

Bead-ruby  f  1034 

Beak-sedge       f  648-660 

Beaked  Rush     i  277-80 

Beam  Tree  2  236 

Bean,  Blackeyed       340 

China  ,340 

Indian  3  199-200 

\      Smoking  iM(>7 

■      Water  2    43 

i     Wild  Kidney  338 


558 


KNGI.ISII  INIiI'X,  INCI.lDlNi;  IDITLAK  I'LANT  NAMUS.      [Vol..  Ill- 


Btaii  (Willi) 

Biiiii  tac    "  3  un) 

Htiiiitii  foil  2  (..'.> 

Ik ;iii  villi'  t.v> 

lililll  wccil  ,i   Mil 
Ui  111  lurry 

lliiirliiiiir    3  ill,  f  i.vi^ 

lltiii  CO)  It  1 'At 

■aidis  f  .'.(74 

■li<iii;iii-  i  ici.'i) 

lll■arll•^!Iil^'S    I  i|.S,  iii|-.( 

Bcaril-liiiigiiL-      3  i  si  -5 

Cnbauii  i.\i 

CrcsUil  151 

luixglovi'  ',S-' 

iMiiiiKlfurni  15? 

Cray  i.si 

Hairy  151 

llayilen's  iss 

I.arui' lluwin  il  151 

Lar^f  Suiciolh  15  ( 

l'aU-l)lue  155 

Sliarij-Uaviil  151 

SUiiik-r  i,s,i 

Siiioulh  15.? 

Wliiti;  llowiriil       152 

Beatiicd-joinl  f  2O5 

Bcar'sliillx  iry  2  572 

Hfiii's-fiinl  i  1956 

Vclluw  3  4115 

Btar's-Kraiie  2  57.' 

/iidi's-mi'ss  i  1027 

-paw root  i  ib 

-lliread  i  1027 

111  iiinioiil-rool  f  3299 

Bcaver-///_('  i  1527 

-I)i)isuii  2  5^1 

■  )(H>1  i  1527 

■tree  2  4.SS 

■•iicdd  t  1255 

Bcikmannia  i  l^l 

lifdeguai             i  1973- 4 

Bcd-fl(i\vi.r  3  219 

Btd's-fool        3  loS-iio 

Bed-slraw 

Arkansas  3  22,? 

Claytiiii's  224 

Coa«t  220 

Cum  22(1 

Kragrant  223 

Great  llcdge  219 

Hairy  221 

Lady's  219 

Marsh  3  224,  225 

Northern  222 

Purple  223 

RdUKh  225 

Shining  225 

Sn.ali  224 

Su.iinwestern  221 

Sweet-scented  22,5 

Threejlowered  i  3420 

Wall  3  219 

White  219 

Yellow  219 

Bee-balm         3  102,  107 

-tree  i  241 i 

B3ECH  Family  i  513 

Beech,  American       514 

Blue  I  506 

Dutch  fii64 

Red,  While,  i  1225 

Water       i  506,  f  1881 

Beech-drops  3  197 

Albany  2  554 

Carolina  s,s,s 

False  556 

Beech-fern  i     19 

■II  heat  i  1316 

Bet  .steak  plant 

3  i«ri,  {3187  var 

Beef-suet  Tree  2  468 

See's-iiest-plant  i  2632 


Hfcllchimi;  f  27.'! 

IkelU-weed  2  .SS) 

llfeueed  i  .1752 

J!te:,oit  fSi^( 
lienKars'-liee 

3    55,  22«,    I3S,    f  2IN> 

■liutlons  3  4>t 

-neiiUe  2  5,(1 

lie(igar- ticks 

3  .'^s  1;,^,  fi.)57.   -'171 
Swamp  4.(7  >> 

/icX'K"'-"  "''/*'3.V.  '.Ii^ 

He hen  2      o 

Jlclia,  Low  f  3SIK.I 

//iKh  1  .i.S'i.i 

Biliiio  3  i,v^ 

Hellhinil  25 

Hillliiiie  2(1 

liKi.i.  J''i.ii\vi:k  Family 

3  -•5-' 

lUlinower  3  2,s2-,s 

Americ.in   Kid  22 

Arctic  2,S,i 

liedstiaw  2,S( 

Clustered  254 

Creeping  254 

Clasping  25(1 

liunip.au  254 

Marsh  2>i 

I'aniclcd  2,S5 

Round  leaved  2,s,( 

Slender  254 

Tall  255 

Hells  f  I5ji( 

Hell  t ice  t  283s 

/•el  I- -ware  i  183 

Helhvort  i  4ik;-iu 

Afealy  i  986 

ISeiiJainin,  Red     i  1047 

.S';i  eet  f  4006 

iruite  f  1048 

Benjamin.':        f  1016-49 

Henjainin  bush       2    9,h 

He  nil  els  f  420 

lleniicit  i  3724 

lien  licit  He  lb 

f 1944-5,  1948 
Bennet  Pimpernel  2  ,S27 
- ;/  'eed  i  336 

Beul-grass 

1  160;  3  502-3 

Sea  t  821 

Henzoin-gum  2    98 

Berbine  3    70 

Bergamot  103 

-herb,  or  -mint    3  119 

Brail  ie  13138 

Bergia,  Texas         2  43,s 

Berlandiera       3  409-10 

Berry  alder  2  406 

-tree  i  1870 

Besom  2  271,  573 

Beth-Jio-vcr,  -root, 

i  1047-8 
Betony  3    99 

Head  f  3335 

Paul's 

3  168;  f 3171,  3293 
Wild  i  1949 

Wood      3  99,  1 16,  186 
Biberncl  i  1963 

Biddy's  IJyes  2  455 

Bigbloom  i  1538 

Bilberry 

2  572;  f  1985,  3.(43 
Bot;-  1 2783 

Dwarf  2  576 

Great  576 

Oval-leaved  577 

Red  i  2795 

TaU  2  577 

Thin-leaved  576 

Bilsted  2  193 

Binilwecd         3  22,  25-6 
Black  I  565 


liiiidweed 

lilac  kill  id        I  (  I. ,48 

nine  3  137 
Hniiled      i  2o,si.  2053 

CIniibini;  i  13.1S 

Coi  n  or  /:  I'  i  134^ 

False           '  3     22 

I'ringed  Black  i  ,S'i,S 

Gnat  3    2,s 

Hedge        3  25,  f  2'.tS2 

Hoary  3     20 

Knot  1  134.^ 

/,.!,•,  <  2y,i.1 

.Small  3    26 

Trailinvt  25 

r|)nght  3    26 

IlIIKIl  l''AMII.V         I    ,So<i 

llireh  1  .soSMi 

Alpine  i  1210 

AiiRiicaii  I  ,So.'< 

Black  510,  f  1213.  I2i.( 
Holeaii  f  1212 

/'V'.C  <2,VM 

Canoe  I  ,So<l 

Cherry  i  510,  f  121 3 
Dwarf  I  ,si  I,  f  1217-19 
Glandular  i  ,Sio 

Gray  i  ,sio,  f  121 1,  1213 
Low  I  511 

Mahogany  i  1215 
Mountain  f  1215 

Old  Field  fi2ii 

I'ajier  i  ^1*) 

Bin  or  Boverly  f  1211 
Red  I  5(K) 

River  509  f  I2i,i 

Running  f  2711.S 

Scrub  I  510 

Sili'cr  i  1212,  1216 
Spice  fi2i5 

Suainp  i  121O 

Sweet  I  510,  i  1213 
ll'alcr  i  1213,  1214 
Western  Red  i  ,So9 
White  1  50S,  f  1212 
Yellow  ,sio 

Bird-brier  f  1973 

-bell  i}hlf> 

•seed  3  21X),  482,  f  292 
-r.Cfrf  f  1337 

Birdon-lhe-ifing  i  2288 
fiilhc-bush         i  1663 

Bird's-bread  2  166 

■eye 

3  168,  170,  f  1494, 

1639,  20S4,  2824 

Red      '  f  1456,  2240 

White     f  1475,  1477 

Bird'sfoot  Trefoil  2  280 

Bird's-nest 

2  5'"i  556,  *  2642 

Giant  2  ,S54 

y'ellow  i  2740 

Bird's-nestplani  i  3739 

liird'spepper        t  1687 

Bird's-fongue 

f  1337.  2S24 
Birth-root  i  435,  f  1047-8 

BlKTllVVORT  FA.MILY 

.    ,  '  •''.■5" 

Birthwort  i  540 

Upright  ti282 

Biscuit-leaves  f  1054 

Biscuits  i  1802 

Bishop  weed  2  5^9 

Mock  538 

Bishop's-cap  2  180-1 

•elder  .S39 

■  wig  fi775 

-wort  3    99 

Bistort  I  555 

Bite-tongue  f  1333 

Bitter-a.sA  f  2367 

-bloom  2  610 

-bush  f  1234 


Hitter  clover  f  2858 

-bnltons  3  460 

Hitler  cress      3  128-130 

lliltei  grass  f  1023 

-herl)         2  607;  3  149 

Hitler  nut  l  (S.s,  f  II,S8 
Hater  i  1153 

BilUrroot  3      2 

Biltir  sweet  3  137, 1 273(1 
Cliniliiiig  2  396 

F.ilse  or  .Shrubby  .?9') 

h'nier- 1 rr/ot I  i  2SNi 

-weeil     3  29,i,  339,  .V)l 

■  uorin  I  28S9 
Black  .\lder2  392,  f  3140 
lilack-aniour  i  136 
Hlackberiy 

2  202-5,  i  i><()6 
Bailey's  3  204 

Hristfy  204 

Creeping  i  1906 

Higli  Bush  2  202 

Hispid  203 

Knee-high  203 

/.nw  f  1901 

Low  Bush  3  204 

Low  Running         205 
Millspaugh's  203 

Mountain  202 

Running  Swamp    203 
Sand  203 

Blackberry  Lily  i  4,S3 
Black-bur  f  1948 

Black  ca]) 

3   201    f  136,  965,   1896 

■  Dogicood  f  2395 
Black-eyed  Susan 

2  425;  3  416 

l!lack-/lozcer  i  9.S1 

Hlack-grass  3  272 

Black-head  Grass  i  965 

Black  gum  2  547 

-haw         3  233,  f  2830 

■heart  f  132" 

-jacks  3  207 

-laurel  1244' 

■lime-tree  i  241 1 

-linn  i  1541 

-moss  f  904 

-root  3  171 

-samp.son  420 

-sanicle  i  2624 

Black-seed  2  272 

-Snake-root 

2  524,  f  2666 
■snaps  f  2780 

Blackthorn  3  250 

Black  Walnut  i  483 
Blackiveed  i  140,  3593 
Black-wheat  3  187 

Black-wort  67 

Bladder-campion  3  6 
-ketmia  2  425 

Blaudernut  Family 

2  396 
Bladder-nut  2  396 

Bladder-pod  2  135-8 
BladderwoRT 

Family  z  1''<8 
Bladderwort    3  189-193 
Closed  3  190 

Fibrous  192 

Flat-leaved  192 

Greater  191 

Hidden-fruited       191 
Horned  189 

Humped  193 

Lesser  192 

Purple  191 

Reversed  190 

Rush  189 

Swollen  190 

Tiny  190 

Two-flowered  193 

Zig-zag  190 


[Vol..  Ill- 

■/•         f  2858 

3  460 

i      3  12H-130 

(t  f  102,1 

2  (.1.7;  3  149 

I  .|Ss,  1  1158 

f  1153 

}      ^ 

13  1,17. 1  ^-.If" 

:  2  .vj6 

Slmibbv  ,VjO 

>t/       i  2S89 

f  28Sg 
r2,W2,  f  vt4i' 
)6ir  I  136 

202-5,  f  iHc)6 
3  21  >4 

2l)i 

■•  f  1906 

sll  3   2U2 

21)3 

203 
901 
204 
205 
203 

202 
203 
205 

4,'i3 

948 

136,  965.  1896 
irf  i  2395 

I  Susan 

2  425;  3  416 
■er  f  981 

B  2   2-2 

(  Grass  f  965 

2  ,S47 


f 

li  : 

uiiiiK 
nil's 
11 
Swamp 

■  Lily      : 


Vol.  III.]      I'iNGLISII  INDl-X,  INCMDINT.  l'(HMI..M<  I'l.ANT  N.\MlvS. 


559 


3  233. 


oot 
2  524, 

11 
nut 


f  2830 
f  1327 
3  2t'7 
12441 
f  241 1 

*i54i 
f9o4 

3  "71 

420 

f  2624 

2  272 

f  2666 
f  2780 

3  250 

1  483 
■  i  140.  3593 
at           3  187 

^      •  ^l 

inipion   3      0 

3  425 
<ur  Family 

2  396 
it  2  396 
)d        2  135-8 

VORT 
'AMILY   Z    188 

irt  3  189-193 

3  190 
192 

red  192 

191 
191 
189 

193 
192 
191 
190 
189 
190 
190 

193 
190 


fruited 
I 


vered 


ISl.-iukit  U:il'  3  I  1  i 

-  flow  I' I  I  SI 

Bliivir  3  4(11,  I  i(>(Mi 

llliiziiiK  St:iv 

>  4"-:  3  3i.'i-/ii'".  '  !"-'' 
Bleiilifiiv  2  57(1 

Bkcilinjrlii'.iit,  Wilcl 

2    !,,( 

Bk-]iliili.i  3  i(.,T 

HI  1)1(1  eyes         i  i(>sii  <«) 

Blink-*  2      4 

Bli>U'rll(i\vi  rs        2    s. 

-plant  \  161 1 

■ueeil  f  11)15 

-.■i  (»;7  f  1(112 

Blitf  I  5>5,  fi37ii 

.St-M  I  s.s^-s 

Slrinvberry  i  57(1 

Bloiiilk-af  I  ,=,ci3 

■mot  2  idj 

-staiuu'h  3  3<ii 

lilooiisli  ijiii;e        f  i5(;3 

Bldodwuki  Family 

I  442 
Bloodwoit 

2    228,  C07,    1  1-!I  I 

Mouse  3  2.H3 

Striped  2,'<s 

lilnody  Warrior  f  331"-^ 
BlooMifell  2  2,^1 

lUooiiitni;  Sally  i  25(10 
lilooinyjpuu  f  1471 
Blowball  3  271 

Blue  Beech  1  soo 

nine  Hell 

i  1021,  15S4,  2t)(»3.  328s 
Blue  Hells      3  («i,  fisfu 
of  .Si'olland  3  253 

Blueb(iunc-t  3  491 

-bottle  491,  f  H121 

•buttons  24() 

■caps  249,  491 

•curls  78,  S.S 

-flasf    _  1  44,s-5o 

•Gtnlian  f  2S75,  31,72 
•poppy  ■  3  4i)i 

-tops  4g2 

Blueberry  2  577,  f  1641 
Black  57S 

/>'".?•  f  2783 

Canada  2  57,'^ 

Dwarf  5;-,s 

Early  f  2791 

HiKh^bush  2  577 

Low  579 

Low  Black  579 

Low-busli  57,H 

Mountain  '570 

rale  sfo 

Sugar  57.S 

Swamp  577 


Tall 


.S77 


Illiieberryrool     i  \h^T, 
Blue-eye  3  168 

JJlttf-eytd  Babies  1  3393 

■grass 

I  453.  f  1085,  3393 

-Mary       3  156,  f  uvH, 
liliie  Devils  f  305b 

Blue-flag  1  44,S-5o 

Slender  tioNj 

Blue-hearts  3  172 

JiliiciDint  i  ixt) 

Blue  Mountain  Tea  338 
Blucpip,.-  2  fxio 

■sailors  3  262 

liluesiem       f  373,  3056 

BifT  f2i9 

Jiiisliy  f  221,  224,  note 

Little  f2i6 

Blue  tangles  2  574 

-thistle  3    69 

-weed  69 

Bluets  3  212-13 

Clustered  215 


HnK' as]illoiUl  I    |cil 

Hog  bean  2  (.22 

llogbcrrv  5.81 

/!,n;hilt<erry  f  2783 

■III nil  f  239 1 

-till/)  i  2NS(| 

■myrtle  f  2>So 

-(//(/  f  ^^Sil 

milrll  f  S,  S7(i 

Bog  Kusli  1  3^2 

(  Many   In  nil   so 

called) 
J^iil>e  f()5i 

;/'(//,•;■  ffidi 

/>'('.;'■-.(// .(.".  berry  f  1037 
Hogwotl  2  sSi 

Bokhara-clover  27; 

Hi'lder  f  623 

Buk  w.irt  2  53,s;  3  4112 
Bolgan  loaves  3  21)3 
Koltonia  3^2-}, 

/niinipiirle's  Crp:i  n 

i  2337 

Boncflower  3  351) 

Boneset  3  67.  31 1 

Bastard  310 

/tliif  ',Vi3' 

Climbing  3' 3"] 3 

iJeerwovt  312 

False  314-15 

Puri>le  3  307 

Resin  312 

Spotted  V'7 

Tall  313 

rpland  310 

Bonewort  3  350 

Hong.iy  2  400 

Jloniuis  f  1527 

Alligator  i  1530 

Bonny  Rabbits        3  147 

Huor-  or  Horetree 

f  3^33  var  2 
/loots  fl545 

BoKAC.K  Family  3  50 
Borage  3    ()» 

Bottle  Brush 

2  ,soi,  f  77,  79,  541 
llottle-giass  12074 

Bouncing-bet  2     i8 

Bouteloua  i  i,Sj 

Itoiilry  f  3433  var.  2 
Houel-liiz'e  '  f  1955 
Bownian'sroot 

2  19S,  f  2321,  32019 

Ho:i-:(ood  i  1 251; 

Box  Family  2  3S4 

JSox  i  3403 

Box,  Flowering     2  580 

Mountain  f  2776 

//  VW  Running  i  3404 

Box-berry    2  572;  3  2i5 

■elder  2  400 

■thorn  3  138 

Boxwood   2  543,  f  1985 

/^i/.«'  f27I2 

Boys'  Love  3  464,  f  4(X)S 

Hoys  and  Girls     i  i()6o 

Brachyelytrum       i  146 

Brake,  Braken     i  28-so 

llackaelie  f  58 

lluckborn  T8 

Knotty  f  36 

Lady  f  61 

Osmond  t 8 

j^Of*  f  71-2 

.^ovff/  f  S 

Suamp  i 9 

S7ceet  f,36 

Winter  f  63 

Bramble  2  200 

Horse  i  1973 

/Irani  i  1316 

/>'rend-and-btitter 

f  1054,  3236 


I!refidro..t  2  -..^|,  f  i| 
lireakstonc  .-..=;  f  1  im 
llreast  :,  1  ed  f  1 1  |s 

III  eeelies  flo:, ,  r     f  i(i(  (» 
llreeiiii  s.  Kitten    f  (((n 
/.itlle/'oys         f  iiioo 
Ilrcweria  3  21.  21 

Urn  k  timber  i  j\i<\ 
/Iride's  l.aees  f  2(111 

Brideweed  3  1  jft 

liridi  woit  2  22( 

III  ier 

llird  or  ////>       f  1973 

/Irier  /<ose  f  1073 

III  ii;lit-eyi  s  i  :-,,\i)}, 

llrintonroot         f  32<|ii 

Hroad  leaf  3  21.0 

llronie  i  210  2| 

/Irnaliie  f5i7 

Field  3  5./) 

iVjr  f5i4 

Sliort-au  III d        f  si>> 

Soft  f  SM 

irild  f.sio 

/irook-beaii  f  28,^9 

■//('."i  r/'  f  2()i)(i 

-grass  i  221 

Brooklime  3  167,  f  1721 

Ilrook-niint  3  120 

Brook  Sunflower       436 

Ilrookweed  2  5S7 

Broom  Clm'er       f  2050 

Base  or  Dyer's     2  271 

Cirecn,  Scotch,    2  271 

Indigo  266 

.Sweet  311 

Thorn,  Prickly       270 

Yellow  266 

/j'roont-brnsit        i  244(1 

Corn.   U  lid         f  420 

Broom  Crowberry  2  3,S4 

/Iroom-grass    f  216.  220 

BrihimkaI'L  F\\.mily 

3  "94 
Broom-rape         3  105-6 
Nakeil  i  335.S 

/Irooni-sedge    i  216,  220 
■ueed  (3647 

Brotherwort  3115 

/iroiin  /letty  i  38f'5 

Brown-eyed  Susan 

3  415,  f  3,'<,-<5 
Brownwort  3    S.s 

Bruisewort 

2  18:  3  (>~,  350,  f  i6r-7 
Brunella  3    .'(.S 

Brunnichia  i  .5(19 

ISrusli  i  3893 

Btibby-bush  ^1651 

BucK-BEAN  Family" 
3  621 
Buck-bean  622 

Buckberry  2  5!So 

^fCflfy  f  2771 

Buckbush  i  3453-4 

Buckeye  F.\mily 

2  4(X) 
Buckeye 

2  401-2,  f  2382-4 
Big,  F'etid,  3  401  - 

Large  f  2^84 

/,;■///«  f  2385 

Ohio  3  401 

Purplish  401  1 

Red  402 

Sweet,  Shrubby,  401  ; 
Buckhorn  Brake  f  8  ' 
Buck's-beard  3  269 

Buck's  horn 

2  113;  3   2(X),   f  96 

BucK^THORN  Family 

2  404 
Buckthorn 

3  250,  405,  f  2394 
Alder     .  2  406,  f  2294 


Buckthorn 
.\klcr  kavcd        3   (i.(i 
Carolina  2  .\iift,  f  2.^29 
Lance  leaved       2  405 
/'nrgini;  f  2391 

Southern  2  500 

Woolly  500 

HlCKWIlLAT  I.'aMII.V 
I  5|1 

Buckwheat  i  ,553-4.  .so*" 
False  I  odd',  t  1350 
A'ongli  f  I  ii7 

Buffalo  berry  2  407  ,S 
■apple,  -bean  i  2125 
■/);(/•  f  3?l'i 

■nut  I  ,5^7 

-pea  t  2125,  2205 

-,i  ffrf  *  ,il'l2 

Bughane,  .\mer,     2    57 

F'alse  72 

Bugle  3    7'' 

/litter  I  3171 

Brown  3    70 

Bugle  weed  3  1  id 

/litler        f  3171.  11 7  i 

Sueet  f3i6S 

Bugle-wort  3  ii'J 

Bugloss  207 

Sea  ,S9 

Small  (18 

Small  Wild  6r 

Viper's  69 

Bugseed  i  582 

/hiL'ueed  11388 

Bullace  2  25.1 

lliillberry  f  253H 

■  brier  t  1056 
Bulldogs  3  147 

-Jlo:ver  *  1545 

■  ;;«/  f  1156 
tliistle  f  4067 

/hillock' s-eye         f  1820 
IJiill's-evc  i  ,1988 

Kniftisli  f  3885 

Bull'sfoot  3  .!(«) 

/Inllpates  i  387 

/111  1 1  pot  I  f  387 

//«//  /(1///1?    f  1443,  1455 
/liill-segg  i  136 

Bull-ueed  *  4077 

Bullwort  2  538 

Bulrush        I  261,  2(^15-70 
Bulwand  3  4(16 

/lumblebee-root     1  1047 
/lumelia  i  2829 

Bunchberry  2  541 

Bunch- Evergreen    i  e)2 

BUXCII-Fl.OWER 

Family  i  399 
Bunch-flower  i  .(06-7 
Bunch-grass 

^    ^,    f3>8.354,5,l'' 

Buffalo  1 501 

Early  1441 

Feather  f  310 

Great  f  501 

Bunch-Pink  2    20 

-Plums  f  2710 

Bunk  3  262,  f  2684 

Bur  3  483 

Buffalo  I  3216 

Button,  Clot,       3  298 

Canadian  i  39'9 

Creeping  f  96 

Ditch,  Sea,  Sheep, 

3  29S 

/?o^  13919 

Great  3  483 

Sand  136 

Small  Sheep      f  3021 

Burchervil  2  528 

-clover  f  2066 

Bur  Marigold      3  436-8 

BuR-REED  Family 

I    63 


56o 


ENGLISH  INDEX,  INCUDING  I'Ol'ULAR  PLANT  NAMES.      [Vol..  III. 


Bur-reed  i  6,^.). 

FInalini;     i  140,  note 
Btirthistle  3  2(^s 

Burdock       3  298,  483-4 

Prairie  3  41^8 

Burliead  1  86;  3  220 
BrR.M.wxiA  Family 

I  -155 
Burmannia  i  456 

Burnet  2  228 

Burnet  Rose  503 

Burning  Bush  394 

Jluinl-zti'ed  i  2566 

Burnut,  Ground  2  352 
J>iirn-:ivoii  Jlark  f  2355 
Burren  Myrtle 

2  572.  f  1159 

Bursecd  3    ,S4 

Burslins-hcarl     12365 

Burweed  3  297-8 

Bush-Clover  2  322 

Creeping  321 

Hairy  324 

Japan  325 

Narrow-leaved       324 

Nuttall's  322 

Prairie  325 

Round-lie.ided        324 

Slender  323 

Stuve's  323 

Trailing  322 

vVand-like  323 

Bush-Honeysuckle 

3  242 
Tartarian  241 

Bulcher's  PHck-lree 

f  2368,  2395 
Butter-bur 

3  470,  f 4019-23 
Butter-and-Uggs  .  3  146 
Ilullcr-cre.ises 

i  1614-15,  1618 


Buttercup 


a  73- 


See  Crowfoot  2  77-82 

Arctic  74 

Bristly  80 

Bulbous  80 

liundle-rooted  f  1621 

Creeping  2    81 

Early  .^2 

Fijtwort  85 

Hairy  82 

Harvey's  77 

Hispid  Si 

Lapland  74 

Macoun's  80 

Mar.sh  81 

Meadow    2  79,  f  1545 

Missouri  2    74 

Northern  77 

Nuttall's  85 

Pigmy  76 

Pursh's  73 

Running  ^19,35 

Snow  2    76 

Spotted-leaf  f  i6f8 

Swamp  2    81 

Tall  79 

Tufted  82 

Butter  Daisy 

i  i'6i4-i5,  161S 

Butter-flowers  3    80 

Great  f  1445 

Bulter-prinl  i  2430 

Butterfly-dock  3  470 

-pcii  ,  2  333 

-weed  3  3-6 

Butternut     i  4S4,  13539 

Butti-rweed 

3  39i.4*^>.  *243o 

Butter  wort  3  193-4 

Button-ball  2  194 

-bush  3  216 

Button-Snakeroot 

3  522;  3  315 


Button-Snakeroot 
Dense  3  31S 

Dotted  310 

Hairy  317 

Laige  31; 

Loose-flowered       3i> 
Prairie  317 

Slender  ,517 

Button-tree  3  2\h 

Butloii-weed 

3  21 7-21^,  492,  f243  ) 

Butlon-wood  2  1^4 

-Shrub  3  216 

1>  tizzies  f  4057 

Cabbage  2  1 1  s 

Ilariii-nian's       f  1704 

Suainp  fSM 

Cabomba  2  41 

Cactus  Family    2  41J0 

Cactus  2  461-4 

Prickly  Pear     f  2527 

Jiiissiaii  i  1397 

Tree  f  253.', 

Cadlock         f  1701,  1707 

Calabazilla  3  250 

Calais,  False  27S 

Calamint  3  108-10, 

f  ]ibi.  ^164 

Field  ^3147 

Water  f3i>'2 

Calamint  Balm       3  nx) 

Calaraus-root  i  364 

Calatliian  l^iolet  i  2875 

Calfkill  2  563 

Calf-snout  3  '47 

Calico  bush  2  564 

-wood  S'*'"^ 

Calla,  Wild  f^s. 

Calmus,  I,  N.J.)      f  883 

Calophanes  3  202 

Caltrop  Family 

2  ;,5' 

Caltrop,  Greater    2  352 

Land  352 

Water  soi 

Caltrops  3  493 

Calypso  I  477 

Camass,  Death        t  9711 

Eastern  i  101 S 

Camel' s- foot  f  111S9 

Cantmork 

*  2454,  ,3983,  4051 
Camomile,  Arctic  3  459 
Corn  or  Field  456 

Dog's  or  Fetid       455 
German  4,',i> 

Garden  or  Low       4.^6 
Ravless  460 

Red  f  1639 

Scentless  3  459 

Scotch  or  White     456 
Wild  458-9 

Yellow  or  O.x-eye  45S 
Campion 
Bladder  2      9 

Meadow  14 

Moss  8 

Red  14 

Red  Alpine  7 

Rose  1 6 

Snouy  f  1442 

Starry  2      8 

Western  Wliite  9 

White  I., 

Canada-balsam       1    57 
-pest  f  2865 

-potato  3  429 

■  root  f29» 

-snake-root  i  538 

-tea  f  2775 

Canadian  Bur     f  3019 
Canary  Grass      i  1.30-1 
Southern  f 291 

Wild  f  2C)l6 

Canary-vine         i  1672 


Canby's  Mountain 

Lover  2  395 

Cancer-dr'ips         f  .3364 

■jalap  f'1415 

•  root  3  195,  197 

■  :reed  f  3124.  3577 

-wort  3  I4,s 

Candlrherry  fiujj 

Candles.  S:i  amp  f  2814 

Caudle-tree  3  Hjc; 

Calidlewick  3  143,  f  13(1 

Can  doe k  f  152S 

Cane  i  233,  f  400 

Afaii/en  "      f  225 

S:t  iteh  f  ,542 

Cane-brake  1  233 

Can-hoop  f  2363 

Canker-blooms       2  232 

-lettuce  550 

-root    2  5t,  594;  3  145 

-rose  2  9<),  232 

-weed  3  2S9,  4S2 

-wort  271 

Canna-ilouii  f  63S 

Canoe-iiond  i  1542 

Canterbury-bells    3  254 

Cape  Gooseberry        131 

Dwarf  1 26 

Capkk  Family      2  154 

Caper,  Wild  377 

Caper-bush  377 

Capers  t  1545 

Capmint  3  io>) 

Capon's-lail  t  i,s6; 

-fi  rass  i  49S 

Caraway  2  333 

Wild  3  474-3 

Car/)erry  f  1870 

Cardinal-flower      3  2,s8 

Blue  23S 

Careless  i  1399 

Carnation  grass 

I  3.V),  f  71.V  742 
Carpenter'-herl) 

3  76.  8.S 

-square  i  3242 

--.teed  f  3098 

Carpet-grass  i  236 

Carpet  Wekd  Family 

1  ,S97 

Carpet-weed  508 

Carrion-flower  439 

Carrot  Family  2  50S 

Carrot,  Wild  310 

Carrot  weed  3  293 

.  Carvies  2  ,S33 

Case-weed  139 

Cashes  sv 

Cassandra,  Dwarf      ,S7o 

Cassena  ,s9i 

Ever.sireen  f  23,ss 

Cassia,  Duarf     f  2033 

Cassiope  2  563-6 

Castor-bean  36."< 

Castor-oil  Plant  368 

Catalpa  3  iqo 

Hardy  i  2368 

j       ll'eslern  ^  .VI^S 

Catawba      3  200,  f  3367 

Cat-berry     i  1870,  2364 

Catbrier  i  440 

Catchfly,  Corn        3  51 4 

Dover  2      i) 

English  12 

Forked  1 2 

Garden  f  14511 

Limeuorl  f  1450 

i      Lobcl's  2     II 

Night-flowering        12 

Nodding  9 

!      Nottingham  9 

i      Round-leaved  10 

!      Royal  10 

Sleepy  11 

I     Small-flowered         1 2 


Catchfly,  Corn 
Striate  3  514 

Sweet  William    2     1 1 
Catch-weed 

3  01,  220,  f  3428 
Catgut  2  292 

Cat-locks  f63« 

Cat-mint,  Catnep  3  8() 
Cal-u'nnietails  i  136 
Cat-peas  2  326 

Cattail  F.vmily 

I    62 

Cat-tail  1  62-3 

-tree  2  393 

-whin  232 

■  uhislles  f8o 

Cat's-clover  2>S) 

-ear    3  265,  398,  f  3574 

•eye  168,   170 

-faces  2  4,55 

-foot  3  87,  398-9 

■milk  2  379 

-paws  3  398 

-tail  2  502,  f  77 

Blue  i  3056 

Cedar  I  ,58-60,  fl29,  i,y 

Carolina  i  133 

Fal<;e  White         f  129 

Feather-leaf        f  129 

Ground  f  2474 

Post  f  1,30 

Indian  i  1208 

Red  I    (»} 

Shrubby  Red  60 

Southern  White       ,59 

Suamp  f  1,30 

White  1    ,s8 

Celandine   2  103,  f  1638 

Greater  2  103 

yinmk  f238.S 

Lesser  2    S5 

ll'tld  f  2388-9 

Celandine  Poppy   2  102 

Celery,  Wild    ,s,33.  i  2<kS 

Water         t  208,  1612 

Celery -seed  f  131 3 

Cenizo  f  1385 

Centaury  2  607-8; 

3  492.  f  2287 

American  Red  f  2.858 

Corn  3  49' 

European  i  2852 

Ground  i  2284 

Cercocarpus  2  223 

Cereus  2  460-1 

Chaerophyllum  .529 

Chadlock  119 

Chaelopappa  3  351 

Chafe-weed      395,  401-3 

ChalT-seed        '^       3  181 

ChalTwoed  2  593 

Chain-fern  i    20 

Xetted  i  43 

Chair-maker's  Rush 

1  265 
Chanlaesaracha  3  133-4 
Charlock 

2  lit),  121,  f  I7<« 
Cheat    I  222,  f  522   1753 
Pine  f  1513 

Checkerberry 

2  572;  3  216 
Cheese-rennet  3  219 
Cheeses,  Cheese-flower 

2  416 
Dog,  Dutch.  FaiiT  416 

Cheese-bowl  2  99  i  16,58 

Cheese-cake  2  416 

Chenile  3  138 

Cherry,  Appalach.  2  250 

Bird  i  2022 

Bessey's  2  251 

Cabinet  253 

Choke         252,  f  202(5 

//  'ester n  f  2025 


[Vor,.  III. 

)rn 

3  5'4 
Uiam    2    1 1 

I,  22U,  f  342S 
2  292 
f  6.^H 

atiK-p  3    Wj 
tiii!s       f  n6 
2   326 
AMILV 

1  62 
I   62-3 

2^2 

f8o 
2!<<1 

5,  398.  f  ^S7i 
16H,  171) 

2  455 
3  S;,  39«-9 

2  379 

3  3q» 

2  502    f  77 

-60,  fi29,  133 

'((/('         I  129 

lea/        f  1 29 

t  2474 

f  no 
f  1208 
I   60 

Red  60 

1  White      59 

f  130 

1  58 

2  103,  f  163H 

2  ii)^ 
f23SH 
2    «5 

f  238S-9 
Poppy  2  102 
ild   SX''-  f  2o,H 

t  2i->S,    1 61 2 

/  f  i3>.? 

2  607-8; 

3  492,  f  2287 
r//  A'C(/  f  2858 


3  49' 
f  2 


■lliiiii 


28S3 

f  2284 

2  223 
2  461.)-! 

529 
119 

3  351 
395,  401-3 

3  181 
2  593 

I      2» 

f43 
let's  Rush 

1  265 
racha  3  133-4 

19,  121,  t  17C10 

!22,  f  522    1753 
*  1513 

■rry 

2  572;  3  216 
niiet  3  219 
Cheese-flower 

2  416 
tch.  Fairy  416 
\vl  2  99  f  1658 
ke           2  416 

3  >3« 
)palach.  2  250 

f  20J2 

i  2  251 

253 
f  J026 
f  2025 


252, 


Vol.  III.]      KNGLISn  INDEX,  INCLrOIXG  I'OI'ULAR  I'L.ANT  NAJIK.S. 


i6l 


Cherry 
L'ral) 
Dwarf 
liijriot 
I' I  re 
Ciroiiiul 
India  II 
lean 

RIahaleb 
Jlazanl 


2  231 
23' > 
2,S" 

f  2022 

3  126-133 

f  2394 

2  231 

252 

251 


rerruiued  2^2 

PilftMiii  iir  Pill  232 

Red  i  20J2 

Kuiii  2  233 

Sand  230 

Sour  231 

Sweet  231 

Wehtern  Satul  231 

Western  Wild  233 

ir/iisiri  f  2026 

Wild  2  251, 
f  2024,  2u26.  ?202 

Wild  niack  2  25^ 

Wild  Red  232 

Winter     3  132,  f  23S7 

Clieiiypie  i  256s 

Cherry-tomato  3  137 

-wood  230 

Chervil,  Bur  2  32S 

Garden  52S 

Hemlock  511 

Needle  331 

RonSfh  311 

Spreading  321) 

.S.-i  (■(■/  f2W| 

Teinturier's  2  3^0 

Wild  32S 

Chess  I  219,  221-4 

Compact  3  300 

Field  50I) 

Suaoif)  f  3011 

Chehtnnt  I  315 

Water  2  50.1 

Chickciibcrry 

f  2;r5.  3 \"\ 
-fighters  f  24 S J 

Cliickeii's-loes        f  1381) 
Chickenweed 

3  4^2,  i  I  t75 
duckweed, 

Allbone  2     22 

Alpine  27 

Rlinkins  4 

.  damniy  f  \.\'^\ 

Cnmnion  2     21 

Field  27 

Forked  40 

Germander  3  170 

Grazvl  f  1324 

Great  2     22 

Indian  i  S9'^ 

Ivy  317- 

JatiRcd  2     28 

Low  21 

Marsh  21 

Afeadou'  f  1489 

Jlouse-ear        2  25-2(1 
Noddinif  21) 

Red  593 

Sea  3(1 

SlKjrt-stalked  "26 

Silver  38 

Slender-forked         40 
Star  f  1476 

Slar-JJowercd    i  2822 
Starwort  2    28 

Water  2  4,  f  1472,  2340 
Water,  Mouse-ear 

2  20 
CiiiCdRV  Fa.milv  3  261 
Chicory                       262 ; 
Cliicot                     i  2043 
Cliii;eer-:reed       f  3984  ■ 
Childinsf  Cudweed  i 

3  395  ' 


Cliilding  Cudweed 

•  /'////•  f  14(>8 

■Su  eeliraHain  f  i  (on 

Cliildrfii's-haue    t  2094 

Clnmney-/i/w<-j      f  \^iyt> 

-sweeiJ^i      3  207,  1903 

Cliiiui-r<H)l,    Aiiirr.    or 

J'ahe  i  1036 

China  tree.  Wild    2  4^12 

Chinks  f  27-3 

Cliini|uapin  1  313 

Cl/in:i  Olid  i  I  ^5 

Chiltam wood         2  3>  , 

Chillini-u  iind        f  2S29 

Chive  Garlic  i  412 

Chives  412 

Chloris  17S 

Chi)iti/a/i;/jidii7ii  i  11)40 

Clioenlale-Jlou  er  i  2239 

-root  i  1940,  1943 

Choke-berry        2  2  V)-7 

-cherry  232 

-doi;,  I'lilsc         i  2934 

Choke-pear 

2  234,  fl<).^3-4 

-vetch  3  193 

Chowley  2    i^o 

Chris- roiK'  I  1549 

Chrislmas  Ez'er^ rern 

^  ^99 

-/tower  f  1330 

■rose  i  i34<) 

Christmas  green     i    43 

Christopher,  Herb 

2  3:;.  f  >,  1934 
Chrysogonuni  3  409 
Church-brooms  24s 

ChurnstalT  2  371) 

Cicely,  Fool's  32(1 

Kousih  311 

Sweet  ,330-31 

Cwe/i-ri'n/  t  2081 

CiiiiiaiHiiii-ic'od  i  10S4 
Cigii  I  -tree  f  3  ^67-  s 

Indian  if,iV"7 

CiiKiiiefoil         2  200-1; 
Arctic  211 

liranched  214 

liiisliy  213 

Coast  214 

Common  i  1033 

Cut  leaved  2  21s 

Diffuse  212 

Downy  2i(i 

]'"ivi-stainencd        212 
Glandular  2cx) 

Hoary  201) 

I.ow  211 

Nicollet's  213 

Northern  209 

Marsh  217 

I'rairie  214 

Purple  217 

Rol)l)ins'  211 

Roush  212 

Rousih -fruited         210 
Shrubby  213 

Silvery  21  k) 

Snowv  210 

Tall   '  2.«, 

Three -toothed         213 
Wood  210 

Woolly  21. i 

Citronella  3  ■-! 

0:'<V  f  cKi,; 

Cladothrix  l  ,302 

Clammy  Honeysuckle    \ 
*  2747 
Clammy-weed    2  i57-s 
Clamoun  si>l 

Clap  war/  ^3VM 

Clary.  Wild  Clary  3  loi 
I'irrain  1 3121) 

Claver-grass,   (not  Clo- 
ver) 3  220,  f  3412 


Cla:;-r 

f  20^4 

Claytonia 

2  3-4 

Clayweed 

3  4'>9 

Cleareye 

1 01 

Clearweed 

I  5,« 

Cleats 

3  4''9 

Cleavers  3  219  22} 

Dyer's  13124 

see  Bedstraw  3  219-20 

Cleever-wort  3  220 

Clematis  2  67-70 

Addison  Brown's    09 

Cnrl-flo:,;-red    i  1,3.^4 

Dua'rf  {  i,3.s.s 

I'reiiiont's  2    70 

Marsh  68 

Miiuntain  2  70,  f  1392 

Scott's  2  70 

Silky  (J9 

Sim's  68 

ll'horl-leazed     f  1592 

Cleome  2  135-0 

P/  icily  f  171)2 

Cleomella  2  137 

Cliff-brake  i  29-30 

CI  i  math  2  ,^.88 

Climbinn  Bittersweet 

2  .10-. 
Climbing  False  Hue! 

wheat  I  306 

Cli-Mhing  Fern  F.\m- 

II-Y  I        7 

Climbing-Fern  7 

-funiilory  2  105 

-hempweed  3  313 

-sailor  144 

Cling-rascal  220 

Clintonia  i  428-1) 

Clock  3  207 

Clois/ered  Heart  t  2876 

Clot-bur       3  207-8.  4,s^ 

Sprin:j;  f  33<>^ 

Clothiers'  Brush    3  24s 

Clotweed  207 

Cloud-berry  2  2>kj.  f  iS()S 

Cliifc-strif)  i  2304 

Clover  2  272-80 

Alsatian  27.S 

Alsike  27s 

Beckwith's  277 

Bokhara  273 

Br.azilian  272 

J! road  leaved  i  2073 

Buffalo  2  278 

Bur  2  273,  f  2o<)6 

Burgundy  2  272 

Busli  ■^21 -3 

Cali/'ornia  i  21/17 

Carnation  2  276 

Cabul  273 

Calf  i  2074 

Carolina  2  270 

Cat's  280 

Chilian  272 

Cou  f  2076 

Crimson  2  276 

Dutch  279 

Dusty  f  2200 

French  i  2073 

(7ianl  f  2076 

Hare's-foot  2  27(1 

Hart's  274 

Heart  273 

Honeysuckle  276,  270 

Ho])  272.  273 

Horned  f  2063 

Honey  i  2068 

Italian  2  276 

Japan  323 

King's  "274 

/.ady's  f  2230 

Least  Hop  2  27s 

Low  Hop  273 

Afaintnoth  f  2076 

Marsh  f  2SS() 


Clover 

Meadow  2  276 

Uld-field  276 

/'ea-vtiie  f  2076 

Pin  2  344 

/'luster  i  2ii(x) 
Prostrate  Mountain 

2  277 

Prairie             2  2.'^9-9I 

Purple  276 

Pussy  276 

Rabbit-foot  276 

Red  276 
Running  Buffalo    278 

.Slei'pin<>;  f  22,30 

Smaller  Hop  2  275 

Snail  272 

Spotted  273 

Stone  276 

Swedisli  278 

Sweet  273-4 

Tree  273 

White  279 

Wild  i  2203 

Winter  3  216 

Yellow  2  275 

Zig-zag  277 

Clover-hrooiii  i  2030 

Clown's  All-heal  3    97 

-heal  97 

Cluu-Mo.ss  F.\MIt.V 

1  39 
Club-moss            I  40-43 

/):iarf  f  91) 

Interrupted  193 

Marsh  i  ip 

/'rickly  f  100 

Saiin  leaved  194 

Tree-like  192 

I  'prii^ht  f  88 

Club-rush  1  262-4 

Cli.iirmaker's  265 

Hidi;eho^-  i  370 

Oliver      '  f628 

Sea  f  627 

W'ood         I  263.  f  629 

Club-weed  3  492 

Cluckies  f  1339 

Clump  head  i;rass  f  636 

Cluster-herries      f  27()5 

Coakum  f  1413 

Cocash  3  367 

-:c<(-d  14047 

Cock-head  3    97 

Click  1 1-  f  1407 

Cockle-bur 

3  2. 18,  4^4.  f  1957 
Sea  i  36(K) 

Cockle-button         3  48^ 
Cocks  207 

Cockseotiil).  Ixid    f  1399 
}'ello:c  1 3,VV) 

Cocksfoot        £457,  "1361 
Cock-soriet  f  1 301 

Ciico-:;rass  f  337 

Cod-head  3  149 

Codlings  and  Cream 

2  482 
Coe-jrrass  i  926 
Cohosh                   2  33-6 

/Hack  f  1554 

Blue  2  ()i,  f  1353 

/>'''./  f  I3,S4 

irhile  f  13,33 

Coffee,  Magdad      2  230 

Negro  259 

Wild  3  234 

Coffee-bean,  Am,  i  2043 

ColTee-nut  2  261 

-plant  f  2379 

-senna  2  2,31) 

-tree,  Kentucky  2  261 

Co/ote,  Chili  t  3483 

Ci'leseed      2  119.  11704 

C"lewort,  Hare's    3272 


562 


ENGLISH  INDEX,  INCLUDING  rOPL'LAR  PLANT  NAMES.      [Vor,.  III. 


Colic-mot 

I  425-6;  3  3"5,  3"f*. 

f  K.dS,  1277 

-■need    f  }b(]<.)-jii.  i()74 

-n  11/7  f  I95,S 

Collard  3  473,  f  SSi 

Colliiisia  3  156 

Common's  F/ouer 

f  mH6 

CoUoiiiia  3    42 

Colt-herb  4(k) 

Coltsfuot  3  4'"). 

f  1277,  I54,s,  2S04 

False  f  1 277 

Swffl  3  4(19-470 

Colt's-tail  ,W 

ColiinibiiR'  2     5S 

Fealliered  f  U'M 

CoUiiiitio,  Anier.     2  (119 

Coma  f  2S29 

Coiiiandra  I  5.V>-7 

Comli  {Dak.)         {3896 

Comb-Jliiu  If  f  3')oo 

Comfrey  3    67 

Middle  76 

Saracen's  ^4051 

Wild  3    54 

Coiiipass-i)laiit        3  40.^ 

Cone-flower 

lirillianl  f  3S87 

Britten's  3  4"i 

ClaspinK-leaved      418 

Flat-headed  417 

Gray-headed  41 S 

Green-headed         417 

LonK-headed  419 

Oranpe  416 

Prairie  419 

Purple  420 

Short-rayed  419 

Showy  417 

Sp.itulate-k-af         417 

Sweet  415 

Tall  417 

Thin-leaved  415 

Conf;oroot  i  2099 

Conifers  1  49-5,^ 

Coiiobea  3  iji) 

Conquei-John         1 10,^9 

Concjuerors  2  400 

Consound  i  ,^05,^ 

King's  i  1502 

Cons  II  mptio  n-zi  eed 

f  2f  26 

Conlinciilal-lea     i  2742 
Conrtilston-ueed  or 

-1(10/  t  27^9 

Coo/u  red  f  1 2fkS 

Coolwort  2  17S 

Coon-ri'o/  f  1665 

Cooperia  i  444 

Copal' balsam  2  193 

Copalni  193 

Coral-and-Prai  /  f  1554 

Coral-berry  3  236 

Cora/  Ercrgrrcn  f  96 

Coral-root       "     i  478-1) 

Crested  4,'<i 

Small,  Late,      f  1140 

Wister's  478 

Cord-grass  i  175-6 

Fresh-'caler         1401 

Coreopsis,  Golden  f  3927 

Cork-elm  1"  524 

Corkscrew-plant  f  1127 

Cork-wood  Family 

I  489' 
Cork-wood  489 

Coru-campion         2      7 
-bind  3  26,  f  1 348  , 

-binks  491  \ 

-blue-bottle  3  491  i 

-bottle  491  I 

-centaury  491 

-cockle  2      7 1 


Corn 

-flowir 

■grass 

-gromwell 

■kale 

-lily 

-Mayweed 

-poppy 

■pink 

■root 

-rose 

-salad 

-spurry 
Cornel 


3,  491 

f  -'57 
3    "3 

2  IKi 

3  2(1 
459 

2      IK) 

f  '4.5'^ 
f  11.65 

2  7.  '19 

3  -M5-7 
2     .V' 

3  54,V6 


Altc-rnate-lcaved     .s^C 

Bailey's  545 

Khietierry  f  2714 

Dwarf  2  543 

Lapland  ii'w 

Low  2  543 

Northern  Dwarf      543 

Panickd      545,  f  2710 

Ked-osier  2  5)5 

Kongli-leaved         544 

Round-leaved         544 

Silky  544 

Stiff  546 

iWixbcrry  f  2717 

White       f  2712,  271S 

Cornelian  Tree       2  543 

Coi  nstalk-uetd       f  134 

Coronilla  2  3111 

Copper-lea/  f  2726 

Corpse-plant  2  335 

Corydalis  2  ios-7 

Golden  f  1678 

/In/c  f  i()73 

}'ello-u'  i  1674 

Cost  3  458 

Costniary  3  438 

CotlHRers  171 

Cotton,  Wild 

i  2S</i,  2914 
Cotton-grass        j  2-1-', 
Hares-tail  T638 

Cotton -gum  2  347 

-rose  3  395 

■  riis/i,  -grass    i   271-3 
-see<t  ti  ee  i  3834 

-tiee  i  1172 

-weed 

3  398,   4cxn,  f  2430 

Cottonwood       I  491-3, 

f  1168,  24)3 

flig  f  1172 

Black         I  491,  fii66 

Ri-cer  f  1168 

Swamp  f  1168 

Wllhr.o  f  1166 

}■(//()*  f  1172 

Couch-grass  i  226 

Jllaek  i  336 

False  3  507 

Coiigli-root  11048 

Coiiglmeed  ^4047 

Conghwort  3  4C9 

Cowbane  2  513 

Spotted  536 

Cou-ttasil  '1467 

Cowbell  2      9 

Cowberry  217,  580,  f34o4 

Cow-cress  2  11 1 

-grass  277,  f  1337,207s 

-herb  2    18 

•lily  4^.  f  "545 

•parsnip  2  514 

-plant  f  2750 

.(/«aXff         f455,  1513 

-rattle  f  1455 

•tongue  f  1029 

-wheat  3  188 

Cowslip 

a  5I1  *  '034.  '621,  2388 

American 

2  594>  f  1545 


Cowslip 
Spring  i  1545 

Virginia  3    60 

Couslops  fl545 

Cows-lungwort  3  143 
-tail  391 

-wort  185 

Cowthwort  93 

Crab  .■\pple  2  234-5 

Fragrant  f  1979 

/ou  (I  i  1980 

Soiilliern  f  1978 

//7/1/  f  1978-9 

Cra/)-grass  i  1337.  1389 
Little  3  496,  f  241a 
Sprmitiiig  f  273 

Cral>- slock  "  i  1982 

Cr.ab  Tree 

2  235.  *  1978.  1982 
Cracki  r-berry  i  2710 
Ci  ackers  f  2780 

Crain  i  1629 

Crake-berry  2  383 

•needles  531 

Cramherry  f  2799,  s8oo 
Cranibling  Rocket 

2  159 
Cramp-hark  i  3435 

Cranberry 

2  580-S2,  f  2799 

High-Bush  3  229 

L/og  f  2343,  2776 

A/a  rsli        I  2799,  2800 

Mountain  2  582,  f  2776 

AV'f*  f  2795 

upland,  Wild    12776 

Cranberry-tree  3  229-30 

Crane--u'illo:e        *  3403 

Crane'  sherry        i  2799 

Crane's-bill  2  341-4 

Bicknell's  343 

Carolina  342 

Culver-foot  344 

Cut-leaved  343 

Dove's-foot  344 

Long-stalked  342 

Pigeon-foot  344 

Round-leaved         342 

Siberian  341 

Small-flowered       343 

Spotted  341 

Starlights  344 

Wild  341 

Crap  f  1 316 

Clashes  i  1721 

Cra:ilci'-root         f  1140 

Cra:y-L'el  i  1545 

Crazy-weed 

Colorado  2  309 

Stemless  309 

Woolly  298 

Creek-grass  f  146 

Creek-stuff  f  402 

Lo-a'  f405 

Uplmnd  f4oi 

Creek-thatch  I  176 

Cieepi  r 

f  2410,  2951,  3487 
Creeping-Charlie 

3  87,  f  1813 

-Jennie  2  589, 

f  96.  98,  1816,  3487 

-Afitcliella  f  3404 

Creeping  Snowberry 

2  581 
■htir  fgi 

Cress  (see  Peppergjrass) 
2  110-12 
Alpine  2  130 

American  f  1711 

Hank  t  1696,  171 1 
Bastard  2  114,  f  1684 
Belle-Isle  2  122 

Bermuda  f  1711 

Bitter      1  122,  128-30 


Cress 
lirtKin  i  1721 

Bulbous  2  131 

Cow  1 1 1 

Curved-fruited  126 
Dock  3  262 

Early  Winter  3  122 
Field  III 

Garden  1 13 

Goldeu  113 

Hoary  1 1 1 

Lamb's  i  1725 

Land  f  1711,  r/25 
Mouse-ear  3  146 

Penny  114 

Purple  130 

River  i  1723 

Rock  3  147-50 

Rocket  122 

Round-fruited  125 
Sessile-flowered  126 
Spring  i  1733 

Swine's  3  113 

Thale  146 

Touer  i  1781 

Town  2  112 

Wall  146 

Wart  2  HI,  113 

Water  1 24- 1 27 

Winter  122 

■\'ellow  122-24,  f  1713 
(see  Watercress) 

2  124-127 
Crested  Dwarf  Iris  i  451 
Crinkle-root  2  132 

Cristatella,  James'     156 
CroCHsCa.C.)      f2774 
Prairie,  Wild,  i  1581 
Croneberry  i  2799 

Crop-weed  3  492 

Cross,  Herb-of-the      70 
Cross-of-Jerusalem 

2    14 
Cross  toes  i  2084. 

Cross  Vine  3  198,  f  3366 
Crosszceed  i  1705-6 

Crosswort    a  588,  3  311 
Croton  2  362-3 

Lindheimer's      3  518 
Crotonopsis  2  364 

Croiiperhush        f  3403 
Cruwhekry  Family 

}  .S83 

Crowberry  383-4,  t  2776 

Jtroriii  i  2344 

Plymouth  i  2344 

Crozfd-ueed 

f  1684,  1703 
Crow-flower  2    14 

Croweoot  Family 

2    50 
Crowfoot  2  77-82, 

f  92,  98, 1545, 
.  .     1574-  I735.  2239 
Biting  f  1612 

Hrisilv  i  1616 

Celery-leaved  2  yt^ 
Corn  83 

Cursed  t  1612 

Ditch  2    79 

Diiarf  i  1600 

Hooked  3    79 

Ivy-le«ved  84 

Kidney-leaved  78 
Marsh  f  1612 

Mountain  3  78  (1604 
Musk  3  243 

Prairie  3    77 

Rock  78 

Rough  *  1613 

Rough-fruited  f  1606 
Seaside  3    86 

Small-flowered  82 
Smooth  f  1609 

Spiny-fruited      a    83 


M  if) 


f  1721 

2  IJt 
III 

d       126 

3  262 
3  122 

III 

113 
113 

III 

f  1725 

ni,  1725 

2  146 

114 

130 

*  172.? 

2  147-50 

122 

d        125 

red     126 

i  173.1 

2  115 

146 

f  1781 

2  112 

146 

III,  113 

1 24- 1 27 

122 

!4,  *  1713 

ess) 

2  124-127 

Iris  I  45' 

2   l.i2 


362-5 
'9      3  518 

2  36+ 

^3403 
''AMILY 

23S3 

;-4.  I  277& 
i  2.U4 
t2344 

1684,  1703 
2    14 

\Mn,Y 
2    50 
2  77-82, 

2,  98.  '545, 

1735.  2239 
f  1612 
f  1616 

;d     2    79 

1  I6I2 

2  79 
I  1600 


ved        78 

f  1612 

1    78  fi6o4 

3  243 

2    77 

.  78 
f  1613 

f/cti  i  1606 
2    86 

;red  82 
f  1609 

ad      a    83 


"^T'PS^B^^ 


Vol..  111.]      ENGLIvSH  INDEX,  IN'CHDING  I'OPl'LAR  PL.VXT  NAMES. 


563 


Crnwfuot 

Water  2  73,  84 

Wood  3  243 

See  Buttercup  2  7385 

Crowiibcard  3  429 

tiolden  430 

Small  Yellow  430 

Sunflower  430 

White  429 

Crown-of  tlie-field   2    7 

Crow-needles  531 

Crow's-nest  510 

Crow-pea         2  329.  383 

■poisdii  f  973 

Crowtoes    2  280,  f  1735 

Cfti:r-i'i,/tlti/s        f  3095 

Cryptanthe  3    57 

Crvs/(i!:,oi-t  f  1,578 

Ctickli-httr  f  3600 

Ctici/i s  f  3944 

Cuckold  3  4,17 

-dock  484 

Cuckoo- /'«(/j-  fi('i5 

•button  3  484 

-flower  2  14,  12.8, 

f  1455,22.50 

-f;  ill  if!  oner        f  I4,s8 

■f;>-ass  f  965 

■sfii/  f  1724 

Cuckoo's-nieat        2  345 

Cucumber,  liur      3  252 

Creeping  250 

.Star  252 

iriiu 

f  "576,  34''^7.  3480 

Cucumber-root       1  435 

•tree  2  47-8, 

f  1537.  1539,  1542 

Cudweed 

Dwarf  3  402 

Low  402 

Marsh  402 

Mountain         398,  402 

Norwegian  3  403 

Purplish  403 

Western  Marsh       402 

Winged  401 

Wood  403 

Culver-foot  2  344 

-H'or/  f  1561 

Culver's  Physic      3  171 

-root  171 

Ciiphea,  Clammy  2  473 

Cuf>iil's-iiilis:lil     f25ii 

Ciipid's-floiti)-      i  2943 

Cup-plaut  3  406 

Cupseed  2    93 

Curdwort  3  219 

Cii ile-u  -bcrrv        I  2343 

Curloil;  '1703,  1707 

Curlv-Rrass  i      7 

Cuth  H.ml  i  1588 

Currant,  liUick    2  190-1 

BulTalo  192 

Clo-'c  i  1877 

Petid  2  190 

Flu  we  ring  i  1877 

Golden  2  192 

Indian  3  236 

Missouri  2  192 

Northern  Black      190 

Red  191 

Skunk  f  1872 

Squaw  3  191 

White-flowered       191 

Wild  Black  191 

Curranlleaf        f  1848 

Cushion  Pink  2      8 

CUSTAKU-APIM.E      P'AM- 
ILY  2     49 

Ciislard-apf>lc  i  154,1 

Cut-heal  3  245 

Cut-paper  11260 

Cuttinff  Almond  3  411 

Cyclanthera  251 


Cycloloma  i  ,577 

Cymoptftus  2  517 

Cyuosciadiuui  521 

Cyperus  1  2,u 

Awned  237 

Baldwin's  2)6 

Brown  239 

Coarse  242 

Coast  237 

lilegant  237 

Kngelmann's  243 

Flat  238 

C.lobiise  245 

Gray's  246 

Hale's  21 1 

Hall's  240 

Houffhton's  246 

I.auca::ter  244 

I.ow  2?6 

Marsh  238 

Michaux's  242 

Nuttall's  236 

Pine-barren  245 

Ked-rooted  241 

Reflexed  244 

Rough  244 

Koundront  f  557 

Schweinilz's        I  238 

Sheathid  239 

Shining  236 

Short  pointed         239 

Slender  245 

Straw-colored  243 

Toothed  240 

■V'ellow  I  235,  241 

Cynthia  3  263 

Cypress  i  58,  f  i  2...,  2337 

Bald  I  ,s8 

Helvederc  f  1387 

lllacl;.  Red,  Suamp. 

Sou/lierii,  l'iri;iiita 

or  llliite         '  f  128 

Ji'room,  i  13S7 

//eal/i  f94 

Shmding  t  29S5,  note 

Summer  f  i  187 

Cypress-moss  fri4 

Cypress-vine  3  22,  f  1672 

Cvpress-griiss  f  544 

CVRii.i.A  Family  2  ^89 

Cystoptcris  i  12-13 

Daddy-nuts  f  2411 

Dagger-flower         3  .^84 

Daggers         f  290,   1077 

Dasies  (Ohio)  ^\\y Aster 

l>aisy  3  350,  f.i8i"5,  3820 

Arctic  3  457 

Big,  or  Bull  457 

lllue  ^3513 

Blue  Spring         3  ,^8S 

llroun  I  1885 

Butter 

3457,  f  1614-15.  idiS 
Chikling  3  350 

I>OK  457 

European  3,50 

Field  f  31)88 

Garden,  March,  3  350 
Horse  457 

Irish  S71 

Michaelmas  37S,  f.?76o 
(and  Aslers  gener- 
ally) 
Midsummer  3  457 
Moon,  or  Maudlin  457 
Nigger  i  3885 

Ox-eye,  Poor-laud  457 
Purple  3  365 

Western  350 

White  457 

Yellow  416 

Daffy-doun  dilly  i  10^7 
'  Dakota  Potato       f  2227 
Dalibarda  2  205 

Damask  Violet  154 


Dame's  giUitlower 

2  154 

rocket,  -violet        154 

Dandelion  3  271.  f  3550 

Jilue  f.1513 

Dwarf  3  264 

Knlse    3  278-9.  *  3516 

Fall  or  Dog  266.  f  3522 

//I  I'll  f  3,571 

Red-seeded  3  271 

Danes'  lilood  2,54 

Daneleberry  2  574,  {2796 

Daphne  2  465 

Darnel  i  225 

Dartna     3  513,  f  1276a 

Date  Plum  2  597 

Pay  l^erry  f  1870 

Day-flower  i  375-6 

-lily  I  411 

Dead-Men 's  lloiiesiT,2Tf, 

Dead-nettle 

3  92,  94-5.  97 
Hemp  3    92 

Henbit  94 

Death  Caniiiss        *  979 


Decumaria 

2  185 

Deerberrv 

2  572,  580 

3  216 

f  27SS 

Seedy 

Deer-food 

f  1526 

-gr.ass 

2  474 

-liair 

f6ii 

Deerlaurcl 

f  2750 

-:'/«(• 

f  34,50 

-:cood 

f  1208 

Deer's-tongue 

3  319,  f 

012-13 

Veil's  spoons   i  I 

42,  18.S 

Devil's-apple  fi646,3222 

-bit  I  402,  3  318,  f  Q72 

-hile             f  984,  ,^642 

-<7(;:i.t 

f  1625 

-darning-needl 

2  ^},i. 

'f  1,582 

-rig 

f  1663 

-Jlax 

f  3236 

-limbers      f  1 1; 

I,  20S4 

■  /louir 

f  :4,56 

-grandmother 

3  305 

-i;rass           f  2: 

9.  .3531 

-grip 

*  '425 

-guts           i  15 

3.  2963 

■liead-in-a-busli  f  2437 

-hair 

f  1582 

-hop-vine 

f  1054 

■iron-weed 

.,,        3  274 

*  3.'>39 

-milk                i 

2332-3 

-paint-brush 

3  284 

-pitcliforks 

f  3944 

-plague 

f  26^2 

-rattle-box 

f  '443 

-root 

3196 
I  2117 

-shoestrings 

-tether 

f  1348 

-tongue            i 

2527-8 

-trumpet 

f  3222 

■  :i  alkina-stit  k 

f  2272 

-ueed 

f  3539 

Dewberry  2  204-5,  {1897 

Dew-cup 

2   225 

Dewdrop 

f  icj(i7 

Dew-plant 

2  161-2 

De  Witt's  Snakeroot 

3  290 

Dewtry 

139 

Diapedium 

205 

I)l.\l'i:.\siA  Fam 

ILY 

2582 

Diapensia 

583 

Dichondra 

3    20 

Dichromena 

I  2.56-7 

Dieksonia,  Hairy    f  22 

Dill 

2  525 

Dillwecd 

3  455 

Dindle  272 

Diplachne  i  186 

Dish  cloth  f  1047 

Dish-mustard       f  1692 
Dispornm  i  431-2 

Dilaxis  2  ,^64-5 

Ditch  bur  3  20.^ 

-grass  ^17' 

-moss  I    93 

Dittany,  .■\mer.       3  116 
Mountain  *  3167 

Dock  I  548-51 

Baiter  3  4711,  f  142 
Bitter  1  552 

Bloody  551 

Jllunt-leaird  i  1313 
Broad-leaved  i  552 
Butter  3  470,  f  1313 
Butterfly  3  470 

Can  i  1528 

Clustered  i  551 

Cuckold  3  484 

Curled  i  551 

Dove  3  469 

Hlf  404 

Fiddle  i  552 

Flea  3  470 

Golden  i  552 

tlreat  Water  550 

Kettle  3  482 

Mullen  143 

Narro-w  i  1309 

Pale  I  549,  f  1305 

Patience  I  ,S5o 

Peach-leaved  549 

Prairie  3  408,  411 

Red-veined  i  551 

Sharp  i  i^ot 

Smaller  Green  i  551 
Sour  548, 

f  1299,  1309,  1315 
Swamp  I  549 

Tall  ,549 

Veined  548 

Velvet  3  141 

Water  i  550,  f  882 
Western  i  550 

White  549 

Willow-l«aved  549 
Winged  i  1302 

)'ello-a'  i  1309 

Dock-cress,  Succory 

3  262 
Dockmakie  230 

DouDER  Family  3    27 
Dodder  27-31 

American  i  2967 

Beaked  3    3i> 

Button-bush  29 

Clover  28 

Compact  31 

Cuspidate  ^o 

Field  28 

Flax  27 

Glomerate  31 

Gronovius'  30 

Hazel  29 

Lesser  28 

Love-vine  f  29.58 

Lucerne  f  2957 

Pretty  3    29 

Sm<art-weed  28 

Thyme  28 

DoGDANE  Family 

3      I 

Dogbane 
/litter  i  2895 

ClBsping-leaved  3  3 
St.  Johns  12897 

Spreading  3      2 

Velvet  3 

Dogberry 

2  188,  233,  f  1029 
-tree         a  2,36,  f  2717 

Dog-bur  f  3019-20 


564 


KNGI.ISH  INDI'X,  INCI,ri)INO  I'OlTLAR  I'LAXT  NAMIiS. 


ti 


DoK-feiinel      3  307,  455 

False  453 

DoK-finkle  3  455 

-,Q-rass  f  86S 

-laurel  ^  2764 

-lilv  f  1527 

-VII  III  l3'4'J 

-plum  i  Kiiu 

-poison  2  520 

-rose  252 

-/('«  f  3H48 

\)of,'s-diHiiei         I  2474 

-moulli  3  147 

-parsley  2  520 

-rib  3  207 

-tonRue  3  53,  310 

I)o(j's-toolh  Vi')let  t  420 

i'elln:r  flol2 

ll'/itli^  f  1013 

liDGWixii)  Family 

2  542 

Dogwood  2  543-6. 

f  1985,  2368,  2712, 

272),  3434 

(See  Cornel    2  543-6) 

Aldei-leavcd     i  2713 

Aincrifan  i2-\2 

JUack  f  2395 

Jlliie  i  2720 

European  i  2368 

False  2  399 

riorida  i2-\2 

Flowering:  2  543 

Green  Osier      {2713 

Poison  2  3S8 

Pond  3  216 

Purple  12720 

Red  Osier  2  545 

Striped  399 

Swamp  2  354,  3S8,  544 

While  3  229 

U'liile-fruilid   12718 

Vollar-lraf  12726 

Dolphiiifiouer    f  1562 

])oi)r-;'^;fli5, -weed  I  561 

Double-claw  3  201 

-leaf  f  1 1 29 

-iDOtli  3  437 

Dove-dock  3  469 

Diive'sfoot  2  344 

Doivn-hillof-IJfi- 

f  2S15 
Douii  Liiif!;  i  641 

Down-weed  3  395 

Draba,  see  Whillow- 

grass  2  140-4 

r>raf;oii 

Jlrou  II  f  >~6 

Feiiialeor  ll'a/er  fiif^o 
Dragon-head 

3  87-8,  f  309S 

False  3    89 

Dragon-root  i  361 

Dragon's  Hlood      2  341 

-da  us        i  1140.  1142 

-mouth    3  147,  f  1119 

-toiif;iie  f  2735 

Drake  f  395 

Pre:,  f  1S3 

Droopiuf;  Avens  f  1940 

Drop  flower  3  288 

-seed  £320-331 

DropsyplanI        £3144 

Dropwort,  Water 

2  5'3.  f  2'''39 
M'eslern  f  iS<*8 

Priiviliead<:  i  2276 

Drunk  £522 

Orunkards  i  1545,  2775 
Dryas  2  222-23 

Duck-acorn  f  1534 

Duckreller  f  984 

Ducks  t  1089-92 

Puck's-foot  2  225,  f  1646 
Duck's  meat  f  888 


DrcK\vi;i:D  Family 

1  3' 15 
Duckweed            I  305-7 

Least  3  5.H) 

Pointed  510 

Dulichium  i  2(7 

Diimiiiy-u red  i  4019 

Dupatya  I  373 

Dupoiitia  2u9 

Duscle  3  134 

nnsly-clovcr  f  -'jon 

■huiband  i  1775 

Dusty  Miller  3  405 

Dulcli-bcech  f  1 104 

•y/'"  firS3 

Dutchtnan's  breeches 

2  IU4 
•  pipe         I  54.1,  r  2739 

Dulch-niorgau        3  ^57 
Dye-leai'e:;    f  2350,  283.) 
Dyei's  broom         2  271 
'cleavers  13423-1 

-(ireen  weed        2  271 
-mignonette  15s 

■rocket  15>- 

■weed 

2  15"-;  3  "il4,  ^."/"U 
-whin  2  271 

Dye-weed  271 

Pyseulery-rool,  -u-eed 

<  ,V123 

Ear-jc:,  el  i  23S8 

learning  grass         3  194 

Karth-.)/H/(>«i/  i  ^S^) 

-apple  3  429 

-club  197 

-gall  2  607,  f  <)S4 

-smoke  f  ii>"<o 

Easier-bell  i  1477 

-Jhr.er  f  15S1 

-//7r  f  io()2 

ICatoiiia  i  192-3 

ICuoNY  Family     2  590 

Eclipta  3  413 

liel-grass  i  8  2,  93 

lireen  f  1620 

Egg  plant  3  235 

liggsand  liacon         140 

Eglantine  2  232 

Egriot  251 

Eleven-o'  clock-  l.iid  y 

f  11119 
Elder  3  22>-ii 

American  22^ 

Bishop's  2  539 

]!ox  400 

Common  £3452 

Dwarf      2  539,  f  2(.2c) 
Horse  3  404 

JIarsh       3  229,  292-4 
Jlountain  22^ 

Poison      2  3SS,  f  3455 
Prickly  f  2929 

/?<'■/  f  3435 

Red-berried  3  22^ 

Rose  22u 

Sweet  228 

Water  229 

Wild  2  507 

Elder-berry  3  22.S 

-blow  22S 

Eldin  470 

Elecampane  404 

Elephant's  foot  304-5 

■trunk  201 

Eleclioiiposies  f  331^ 

Elfdock  3  404 

Elk -bark  '153^ 

-Hul  i  1270 

Elktree  2  571 

-wood  48 

EUer  f  1 223 

IClm  Family  i  523 

Elm  1  524-6 

American  i  524 


Elm 

/loslard  i  i  25^ 

ClilT  I  524 

Cork  52 1,  f  1252 

Corky  ll'lii/e      f  1251 
False  I  526 

Hickory  524 

Indian  f  1  253 

Moose  or  Ked      I  525 
Kaceiiied  £1251 

Rock 

I  524.  fl25o,  1253 
Slippery  I  525 

.v..  eel  {  1  253 

Swamp     :  524,  f  1250 
\Vat<r 

I  524,  526,  f  1252 
White  I  524 

Winged  525 

;/  i/c/i  f  1 252 

Elsholtzia  3  124 

Elyna  I  2S4 

Enchanter 's-Niglit 

shade  2  4i|()-5oii 

Enchanter's-])lant3    70 

Enjelmaniiia  410 

Enslen's  I'iiic        £2929 

E(4uisetuni  i    39 

luagrc'Stis  i   l\s 

Capillary  is,s 

Clustered  191 

Creeping  192 

Frank's  188 

Hair-like  191 

Low  189 

Meadow  191 

Prairie  ,  p 

Purple  u)o 

Pursh's  i,-<9 

Short-stalked  190 

Strong-scented        180 

Tufted  188 

Eiiocarpum        3  328-9 

ICrigeron 

Arctic  3  3S5 

Hoary  3.^7 

Hyssop-leaved        387 

Low  3S6 

Kough  3S5 

Three-nerved  586 

Tufted  386 

Eriogonum  i  542-*) 

Allen's  543 

Annual  544 

Hranclied  545 

Cris])-Uaved  544 

Few  flowered  545 

James'  543 

Long-leaved  543 

Long-rooted  546 

Narrow  leaved        546 

Nodding  546 

Slender  544 

Winged  542 

Yellow  545 

I^ryngo  2  522-3 

ilaler  f  2'i6o 

Erysimum  2  151-2 

Eulophus  528 

Eurotia,  American 

I    '«! 

Eustoma  2  612 

Ei'ans'-rool  f  194.1 

Evening  Lychnis  2     13 
F^'EMN'C.  Pkimkiisi; 

Family    2  475 
F;vening-Primrose 
Common  2  4S6 

Cut-leaved  4SS 

Duaif or  Golden- 

Jtoztrrcd  t  2591 

Oakes'  2  486 

Prairie  488 

Rhombic  487 

Seaside  487 


NAM  lis.      [Vol.  IIL 

Eveiiingl'rimrosi 

Sinuate  leaved 

2  487 

Small-tlowered 

485 

U'/iil.  Slirnby 

f  258(1 

White  stemniec 

2  489 

lA-eiiiiig  Trumpet 

I'lower 

2  605 

Evrrfern 

.  *7. 

E.ver^reen 

f  181 1 

Christmas 

f  C)() 

Trail  ini; 

fag 

Everlasting 

3  397,  f >^' 

.  183.1 

Alpine 

3  ,398 

Carpatlii.in 

397 

Clammy 

401 

Heller's 

401 

Early 

3'W 

Large  flowered 

400 

Life                   ;, 

)o,  401 

Fragr.mt,. Sweet,  401                    | 

Low 

4.«) 

Moor 

2'-^' 

Mountain 

39« 

Mouse-eai 

.3<W 

Pearly           400, 

f  3848 

Plantain  leat 

3  3')9 

Spring 

3',H) 

Everlasting-.i,''>(/.rs 

I  239 

-pea          2  330, 

f  22I() 

Sea-side 

2   330 

Eve's  Darning-needle                    \ 

f  1027 

Eve's-lhread 

iifya 

Evolvulus 

3    2. 

Ewe-gowan 

3.=io 

I'yebright    3  168, 

182-3 

f  1803,  273<i 

2824, 

,«93.  35'!"^                   1 

Eyeseed 

I  3129 

Eyeu  oil        ^3326.  note 

Ere-balm.or  -root  f  1544 

I'abes,  I'apcs 

f  1870 

Fair  Maid  of  Fra 

nee 
3  454 

Fairy-bi  lis 

'7' 

-circit 

fi3i 

-creipcr 

f  1672 

-cup 

11848 

-lingers,   glove 

3  171 

-grass 

f45.S 

-smoke 

I  2739 

-thimbles,  weec 

3  '7' 

Iniiries'  Horse 

48  2 

Faitour's-grass 

2  ,580 

Fall  Dandelion 

3   2fiO 

-llower 

3'"' 

False-ii/i/f;- 

f2362 

-aloe 

I  445 

-banana 

11545 

ncech-drops 

2  556 

-bindweed 

3    22 

-bittersweet 

2  396 

-boneset          3 

314-15 

-bo.\\  box:,ood 

1  2712 

•buckwheat 

I  560, 

f  1350 

-bugbane 

2    72 

•Calais 

3278 
f  2934 

-C/iokc-dof- 

-Coifs- fool 

f  .277 

-Couch-grass 

3  507 

-Dandelion 

279 

-Dog-fennel 

453 

-Dragon-head 

89 

-elm 

1  526 

-flax 

2  i,V);  3  S'.'i' 

I1684 

-foxglove          3  173-4                  1 

-garlic 

I  4'5 

•Goat'sbeard 

2  170 

-Golden-rod 

3  349 

-grape 

2  4>3 

-gromwell 

366-7 

-heather 

2  441 

»■ 

nirosc 

aVL'd 

2  487 

•eied 

4^5 

II  hy 

f  2,S8() 

iiiiK-d 

2  489 

iinpet 

2  60,5 

f/i 

f  1811 

( 

f().) 

f89 

f  iSil 

.  i''<33 

3  yf^ 

11 

307 

401 

41 II 

3W 

V ere  el 

+  «) 

*' 

vi,  401 

t,, Sweet,  401 

41  K) 

3'»« 

3'>'< 

I 

3>)<> 

400, 

f  ,iV4« 

eat 

3  3<» 

,  399 

-,i;r,is.s 

f  239 

2  3,?". 

f  22iy 

e 

2  330 

ingncedle 

I  1027 

d 

f  r/W 

3     21 

3.SO 

3  168, 

1S2-3 

,  273'^f 

2824, 

M'-ii:  35'*^ 

'312') 

13326,  note 

r-toD/f  1544 

cs 

f  1870 

jf  France 

3  4S4 

f  131 

fi672 

f  1848 

glnve 

3  171 

MS.S 

f  2739 

!,  weed  3  171 

)rse 

4S2 

rass 

2    7,Ao 

lion 

3  2G> 

.   3''<i 

f  2362 

I  445 

*I543 

rops 

2  556 

d 

3    22 

eet 

2  396 

3 

3l4-'5 

':roo<f 

f  2712 

eat 

I  566, 

f  "35° 

2    72 

'1.Q- 

3  278 
f2934 

10/ 

i  1277 

rass 

3  507 

on 

279 

nel 

453 

head 

89 

I  526 

2  170 

3  340 
2  4>3 

3  66-7 
2  441 


Vol.  III.]     ENGLISH  INDEX,  INCLUDING  rOPULAR  PLANT  NAMES. 


565 


I'alse 


-liellebore  I  40.8,  f().84 


Fern 


False  Indiyo 

2  286 

nine 

2  265 

D:-a>/ 

f  21112 

Fragrant 

2  2S6 

ir/ii/e 

f  20,S4 

)'cllo-uish 

f  20S2 

Fiihe  fohnsii art 

i  2463 

■leliiice 

f  3543 

-lily-of-tlitvalley 

I  431 

-loosestrife 

2  V,(\ 

f  2,^s8 

■niahofrany 

f  1652 

False  mallow      2  4211-1 

■  niallou  .V 

f  2427 

Falsi-;  Mekmaiij 

Fam 

II.Y 

2  :,85 

False-niermaid 

3«5 

-Milrewiirt 

178 

-iiiiislaid 

f  17c/, 

■  nettle 

I  534 

-Oat 

171 

-Pennyroyal 

3    77 

-Pimperiicl 

i'>,V4 

-Rufc-ancnione 

2     5t 

-Saiiule 

f  1848 

■Saisa/>ai  ilia 

f  21)28 

Solomon  s-sea I 

I 

1031 -2 

-sunflower   3  4 

12,  45" 

■S:ire/-fia_Q- 

f.n77 

-sycamore 

f  l.SSI 

-valerian 

3  4^0 

-Varntsti-tree 

f  2272 

-  u  Ilea  1 

f  ,524 

■  u  itileiffrern 

f  2726 

Fanie-flower 

2         1 

Fancy 

4,S5 

J'uieucl/  Suiiimer 

f  ,(8oo  I 
F'arkleberry  2  ,s8ii ! 

J'armer's  A'liiii     f  I,S13 
/■'ill  Hi  It      f  1359,  1370,  ■ 
■379! 
I'avheny  f  1870  ; 

Ffiiherrv  i  18711 ' 

Fcatlierfew  3  4^8  \ 

Featlierfdil  2  ,s,><() 

Feather-Geranium  | 

I  574  ! 
-/,'iinc/if^rass  f  3111 1 
.,i;rass  'f  311.  3S4.  417: 
-/<'i7/( Indian)  i  12()  i 
■  uffd  f  ,(8,ii 

Felon-grass  2  51.S  1 


-herb            3  283,  466  ( 

-weed 

4.82  1 

-wort        3  137, 

f  2643 

Felwort 

2  614 

Feltwort 

3  143 

Fenberry 

2  ,S8| 

Fennel 

525 

Dtig 

3  3"7 

Hogs 

2  515 

Water 

382 

Fi.RN  Families 

"   '-.\5 

Fern 

Adder's 

f  1,  71 

-spear 

f  1 

■spit 

f6i 

-tongue     i  2 

3  494 

Jlackaclie,  -bin 

liv  f  i8 

llaskel 

f,3" 

lieech 

I      19 

Coiinnon 

f,39 

Hexagon 

f  411 

madder,  lUilile   f  24 

Mountain 

f2,5 

Hot  lie 

f24 

llrake,  Bracken 

t    28- ,30 

liristle.  Rooting  i      6 

Ilriltle 

'3 

Iluckhorn  ( llrake)  i  8 
Chain  (Xittid)  1  20 
Christmas  14 

-Shield  f  27  I 

Cinnamon  i      ,s 

Clayton's  6 

ClilT-brake  29-,^! 

Clayton's  f6j 

Climbing  I      7 

Com  moil  Wood 

f37,  Var,  i 
Cristid  I  33 

Creeping  i  1,5 

Cup  Goldilocks  i  1 1 
Curly-,ijrass  i      7 

Cystopteris  i  12-13 
l)icksonia,Hairyi  22 
Dickson's  f  22 

Ditch  f  H 

Diiddcrgrass  f  ,S9 
Eagle  f6i 

Eriifi  rii  f  6 1 

Kverferii  i -jx 

Female  f  30,  61 

riddle-heads  f  9 

I'ine-hairi  d  f  22 

Flo-cer-cup  i  17 

Flowering  i  8 

Clayton's  f  10 

Interrupted        f  10 
Gdldie's  1     17 

Golden  Polypody  f  71 
Golden  Locks        f  71 
Grape        i  2-4:3  494 
Hitchcock's  f  2 

Rattlesnake  f  7 

Hair  f6ii 

Hare's-foot  f  11 

Hartford  1      7 

H.irt's  Tongue  21 

Hay-scented  12 

Hog-brake  f  61 

H<illy  I  14-15, 1  27 
Indian's  Dream  164 
"Indicator"  (V'a.  )f  7 
A7«,ir  f  .H 

Knotty-brake  i  36 
Lady  i     26 

Ladv  Ilracken  f  61 
Ladv's-liair  {59 

Lip'  1  3''-3' 

Clothed  f67 

(/  ■<■/).'>)'  f  6c( 

Maiden-hair  i  27,  f  ,S9 
American  f  611 

JUack.  "True,"  f  59 
English  f  50 

Golden  f  7 1 

»■////(■  f53 

Maidenhair  Spleen- 
wort  I    24 
Male  I     1 7 
.UaleShiild  f  ^6 
Marsh                     f  ,30 
.Ifeailow    f  1 159,  1162 
.'ifooii  f  3 
Moonwort    i  3;  3  |iil 
Common  i  3 
Heinlock-Uaved  f  7 
iT/<i.!.5                        f  71 
New  York              1  i.i 
t)ak                 I   U),  f  III 
Osmond  the-  Water- 
man f8 
Ostrich                 I      9 
Polypody            I  32-3 
Golden                i  71 
Pale  Mountain  i  41 
Hoary,  Scaly, 

Tree,  1 72 

Tender    Three- 
branched         141 
Prickly  toothed     f  37 
/iroad       f  37  Var,  2 


Fern 

(_'«///  f  ■^o 

A'alltesnake  i  7 

A'r!,--*!/  f  8 

Rock  1 60 

Kdckbrake 

I  28,  f  71,  72 
Rough  Alpine  f  26 
Koy,il  I       ,=i 

Royal-Osmond        f8 
A'"e  f  3? 

Sea-ueed  144 

Sensitive  1      9 

Shield  (or  /rccKi') 

I   I,s-i8,  f  27 
Hroad  Prieklv- 

toolhed  f  37  var.  2 

Crested  i     16 

F'ragrant  16 

Afaiginal  {35 

Male  I     17 

Massachusetts       16 

Marsh  1=; 

Prickly  f28 

/'rickly-loothiit  f  37 

Spinulose         1     i-i 

Shrub/iy  f  1 162 

.Snake  '  *  ^,  4t 

.SnakiS  toiigui  f  2 

Spleenwort      i  22-26 

Hradley's  26 

Coininon  Wall  t  511 

Di,  arf  f  ,so,  ,S3 

Hbony  i     23 

Green  24 

Utile  Ebony      f  48 

Maiden-hair     i     24 

Mountain  25 

Narrow  leaved      24 

I'innatifid  22 

Rock  (.S"»/'in///>     25 

Scott's,  Small       23 

Silvery  26 

S:  fa  nip  f  r>'J 

Wall  Rue  1     2,s 

.Stone,  S/oiie  Rue  f  ,S3 

Slonebiake  f  71 

Su  It  f  ,>o 

.S:,amp  f  30 

Sweet  I  489 

Su  eel-brake  {36 

Tent-.eort  f,si 

r;f,'  f  s 

Veuus'hair  l     27 

Walking  21 

Walkiiii^-lea/        f45 

Wall     '  f7i 

W,ill  Rue  I     2,s 

Wa/ei  fs 

Water-::  ort  f  ,sci 

irtiile-oak  {24 

Wilson's  i  2.»i 

ll'iiiilsiir  i  13 

ll'iiiUr  Hrake       f  63 

Wood  I  17,  f  ,V-3S,  71 

C'lnmon     f  37  var. 

Evergreen        i     17 

Goldie's  f  ,34 

Woodsia  I   in-ii 

jVorlliern  f  17 

AlTl't  f  16 

Fern  bush  f  i 162 

-gale  i  il,S9,   1162 

Fescue  I  216-iS;  3  ,sn,i-6 

hetid  Shrnh  f  1 343 

Felter-bush  2  ,^hS^ 

Fetticus  3  24,T 

Fever  bush       2  c)8,  392 

Feverfew     3  4,s8,  f  19,S7 

American  3  4 1  ■ 

Common  458 

b'ever-planl  f  2,^79 

Fever  root  3  234 

-twig  2  306 

-•ieed  f  3303,  3o<)i 


Fever-wort  3  234 

Fiddle  grass  2  482 

-heads  i  i) 

Field-balm  3    87 

-pine  '2473 

-Bortel  I  ,S47 

Fightini  >cks  f  24S7 
FldWIlRl  ifAMILV3  142 
Figwort,  Hare  149 

Maryland  14S 

Fil.igo  3  3i>,5 

Filbert  I  12119 

Fii.Mv-i-nRX  Family 

I  6 
Fiinbristylis  i  259-60 
Finger-Atvvir  t  i.S().8 

-grass        I  111,  3  4i|fj 
Finkel  2  525 

F.  jHu  I  159 

Eir  57 

Amer.  Silver       i  126 

ISalm-of-Gilead  f  126 

Balsam  1    ,=i7 

Fir-pine  or  -/;ff     f  1 26 

I'ir  Rape  i  27.10 

Virv-biills  i  14,S7 

-grass  2  22,5 

-leaves  3  207 

-Pink  2    10 

-top  f  2566 

-weed       2  4,^1;  3  139, 

3  207,  274,  ,391,  473 

I'lsh-mouth  I  3244 

-poison  f  2(85 

-uood  i  2365 

/■'it-root  plant        f  27,^9 

Five-finger  2  216,  f  2110 

Dwarf  3  515 

.Uars/i  '1937 

Afouiitain  f  1933 

Fnr-Sisters  f  2813 

Flag  I  364,  4-18-51 

("<"'«  f  1 07  7 

I!lue  I  4)"'-,5o 

/■'alfc  Sueet        f  uiyj 

Jfyrtle  f  s.sj 

-\'arro:f  f  1074. 

Red-brown  i  450 

Slender  /Hue     i  loSo 

Sweet  I  364 

.Suited  f  1077 

Water  f  10619 

i'ellou-  Water    f  11177 

/■'lai^-lily  f  11169 

/■'lagoiis  i  IC177 

I'lagroid  t    ,SS3 

Poison  f  1074 

Flamy  2  455 

Flannel-leaf  3  143 

FUt-lop  ,vi2 

Flaveria  444 

Flax  Family       2  348 

Fla.x  2  ,34'^-55i 

Cathartic  351 

Cultivated  f  22:8 

/Vr';/'.r  f  326 

Dwarf,  Fairy       2  ^,51 

/'I'/f//  f  1 753 

F-atse 

2  139.  3  515,  f  1684 
Florida  Yellow  2  3,50 
Ciroo\ed  Yellow  350 
Large  flowered  351 
Lewis'  Wild  319 

Mountain  351,  .V"" 
Prairie  ^2259 

Purging  2  351 

Ridged  Yellow  350 
Slender  ,?49 

Spurge  f  2534 

Stiff  Yellow  2  349 
Wild  132,36,  3927 
Yellow  2  349-51 

l'lax-/a//  f"i,(6 

-weed       3  146,  f  1766 


¥ 


565 


KXGLISH  INDKX,  INCH'DIN'(;  POPULAR  PLANT  NAMES.      [Vol.  IIL 


Fleabane 

Hilter,  or  lilue     3  ,VP 

Canada  VH 

Paisy  3  ;>S^.  .^-^'i 

"  Western  3  ^Su 

r>:.a>:/  1,5^28 

Karly  .^tjo 

Marsli  1</'-7 

Pliiladtlpliia       3   '^^ 

KunnitiK  .s'^r 

Small  ,V),i 

Spreading  ^ss 

Tlireenerved  -,^n 

Flea:,eiul,  Horse  f  3050 

Flcaworl  3  im 

Marsh  4M 

Fkur-'lelis     i  447,  450 

Klixwi'ed    2  141,  I  171/) 

Floatini?  Huart    2  (r.'2-5 

J'loia>iior  t  1399 

Flora's  HainI  llrii.h 

f  35''U 
Florida  Muss  r.  ,74 

Flmver-di'litce  447 

Fill-.:  fr-<;riille        i  1399 
Flower-of-atiHour 

-of  -Gold;  (any   .Vc//- 

Fluellin  3  16S 

Female  1 15 

Sharp-pointed  145 

Flux-root  f  2900 

-•deed  f3"73 

Fly-honeysuckle 

3  240-J 

Garden  f  3467 

Fly-poison  1  403 
-/'(j/>           f  1801.  2S95 

Foal-foot  3  4')!) 

Foam-flo:,  er  f  1842 

FoK- fruit  3    7.', 

Folk's-srlove  171 

F'ool's  Parsley  2  52  1 

Forefather' s-aip  f  1801 
Forget-me-not 

3  01,  16S,  f  3042 

Smaller  3    62 

White  f  ^029-^2 

;/V/,/                 '  f339l 

Fothergilla  2  luj 

FolR-o'CLlICK   FaIIII.V 

Four-n'ilock  f  2579 

Four. toes  *  ,1848 

Fox-berry    2  572;  3  210 

-feet  f  88 

-:;eranium  i  2240 
Foxglove 

3  171,  f  1801,  3366 

False  3  173-4 

Louse:,  or/  ^.1555 

Mullen  3  172 

Purple  171 

}  'e/lou-  f  3304 

Fox-grape  2  408,  411 
-tail 

I    126,    148-9,    f  C(f) 

Floa/im;  f  337 

Freiieh-^rass  f  2100 

■  Pinks        f  1471,  4076 

Duarf  i  1450 

Fringe 

Anieiican  i  2845 

Mountain  2  105 

While  ^2845 

/f'Dorf  f  1672 

FrinneCup  i  1S48 

Fringe-tree  2  603 

American  i  2845 

Fringed-Gentian  3  613 

Fringed-Orchis  i  494-6 

Greenish  f  iiio 

Pink  f  1112 

Ragned  f  1109 


Fritillaria  i  419  j 

Froelichia  i  S02-3 

Frosfruit  1 30<')6 

■arass  I  926.  I3>>9 

-/^rt/'  f  1526 

■plant  f  isii 

•;c'o;7  f  1615 

Frog's-bit  i    94 

-hiadtli  rjnoulhi  181 1 
Frost -hi  lie  i  13^9 

Frost  flowers  (any 
Aster) 
'.'.fed  2  439-40 

.  'V  Aster 
Fro^t^.-oi'    2  440.  f  Kii.i 
Fro-t.     1     brings- tlu-, 
(Indian  name  of  the 
Astei) 
Fuirena  I   274 

Fuller's-herl)  2     iS 

■teasel  3  248 

Fumitory,  liulbous 

3  24,5 

Climbing  2  loi 

Hedge  loS 

FurzL'  2  270 

l-'ustie-liei'  fioio 

Fu::v-!ru::y         i  s^^x 

Gad  rise  f.^lVi 

(iaertneria  3  2,6-7 

t  >agroot  260 

Gaillardia  451-2 

(iaiter-tree  3  229,  f  23»» 

Galax,  (ralaxy        2  ,=.,S) 

Gile,  Fern  f  il,S9 

Sweet  or  Scotch  i  4'^7 

Galingale  i  234,  f  543-4 

Edible  f  559 

t.tink  f  56.5 

Galinsoga  3  442 

Galll'erry  t  2359 

Gall-of-the-Earth   3  3Ni) 

Gallon  470 

Gall  ueed  f  2871 

-:.ort  f,52,!6 

(7(1 //i  f  1 179 

Garden-gate  2  455 

-f'la^ue  f  27.  p2 

Gardener' s-eye     f  1462 

-delii;h/  f  1462 

Garcet  i  .5114 

Garlic  i  412-15 

Chive  412 

Crow.  Field         i  413 

False  415 

Hedge  2  ii.s 

Sleadow  i  414 

Jfush  f  9<).^ 

Wild  I  413.  ^9>t7 

Garlic-mustard       2  ii.s 

-:,ort  t  1695 

Gariiel-I'erry         i  1875 

Gaskins        f  1870.  2021 

Gatteii  3  229,  f  2,Vi8 

Gatteridge  f  2,^68 

Gaura  2  4<)'i->> 

Gay  feather       3  317-18 

Gay-wings  2  3(11 

Gein-frutt  f  1.S42 

Gensoii  i  344s 

Gentian  Famii.'.  2  6156 

Gentian  2  01 2-618 

JIarrel  t  2876 

/,':istard  f  2.<69 

lilind  3  616 

///«(•  f  2875.   <o72 

Pottle  f  2876 

Clo-ied  2  616 

Downy  615 

Elliott's  61  (1 

Fire-flohered    12871 

Four-parted         2  614 

Fringed  613 

Horse  3  234 

Marsh       f  2875,  2880: 


Gi'Mtian 

Narrow-leaved  2  617 

Northern  (114 

Oblong-leaved  '11,5 

One-flowered  61S 

Red-Stemmed  617 

Rough  f  2S75 
Smaller  Fringed  2  614 

Snake  3  280 

So.ipwort  2  (116 

Spurred  620 

stiir  615 

Strau-eolored  f  288,1 
Striped  2  oiS 

Swollen  M-\ 

)'illo:>'  f  2^84 

Vellowish  2  017 

Gentleman's  Catief  1335 
Gkk.vnu-m  Family  340 
Geranium  2  341-4 

See  Crane's-bill 
Feather  i  574 

J-'o.v.  Il'ild  f  2240 

Afountain  f  2240 

Turnpike  I  574 

Wood  f  224I1 

Gerardia  3  175-8 

.\uricled  178 

liessey's  177 

Jlushy  f3,V',i 

Cut-leaved  3  17S 

Flax-leaved  17,5 

Large  Purple  176 

Rough  Purple  175 
Salt-marsh  176 

Sea-side  176 

Skinner's  177 

Slender  177 

Small-flowered        176 
German(ler,Amer.  3    76 
Hairy  77 

Germander  Chickweed 

3  '70 
Ghost-flower  2  ,s55 

Giant  Hyssop  3  84-5 
Gibbals  209 

Gilia  3  ,38-40 

Cypress      i  29S5  note 
Gill.  Gill-ale  3    87 

Gill-go-by-the-Ground 

3    87 
Gilloverthe-Ground 

3    S7 
Gilliflowcr 

Cuckoo  f  145S 

Dame's  2  154 

Afarsh  f  14.58 

Afock  i  1466 

Night-scented  2  151 
(jueen's.  Rogue's  154 
Sea  595 

W'inter  154 

Gill-ri.n  f  3095 

Gilt-cups  {  1615 

Ginger  3  469.  fi8i3.  1816 
Gil  I'll  f  4010 

Indian  i  1277 

Southern  Wild  i  127.^ 
Wild 

I  5.38;  3  5'3.  f '2-^3 
Ginger-plant  3  4'i<J 

■  root  14019 
GiN.SENd  F.VMILY  2  505 

Ginseng  507 

/)'/«(■  f  1643 

Horse  3  234 

Gipsy-flower  3    .53 

-herb  iis 

-rose  249 

■  :,eed  f  3168.  3290 
-wort  3  118,  f  3170-1 

Gipsy-Combs  3  248 

Girasole  429 

Glas.swort  I  ,'582-3 

fainted  f  1389 


Glasswort 

Prickly  f  n96 

Glenn^pepper        {  1684 

-:,eed  f  1684 

Glideunrl  f  3107 

Globe-flower 

2  52;  3  216 
Spreading  11548 
.S'.-i  amfi  i  1548 

Globe-mallow 

Maple  leaved       2  423 

Sharp-fruiteil      3  519 

Glcileii  3  422 

Glory-less  243 

Goat's-beard  2  197 

Dwarf  3  264 

I'alse  2  170 

Virginia  3  263 

Yellow,  Purple.       26<j 

Goat  foot  2  5,^9 

Goat's-rue  292-3 

Go<l's-eye  3  168 

Gogi;Us  I  1870 

Ciold  3  422 

Gold  a nd -si i ver-pla n t 

i  1740 

Gold-halls  i  1618 

Gold-chain  2  166 

Gold-cups  80 

-knops         f  1614,  1618 

-thread  2     ,154 

■:ceid  f  1625 

Gold-ofpleasure    2  139 

Golden  Alexanders 

2  518,  f  2670.  26<JO-I 
Golden  Aster      3  322-5 
Cottony  323 

( "irass-leaved  322 

Hairy  324 

Hispid  325 

Maryland  323 

Nuttall's  325 

Prairie  324 

Sickle-leaved  323 

Still -leaved  324 

Golden-bush  326 

-club  I  364 

-coreof>sis  ^,3927 

-corydalis2  106,  fi678 
■cup  i  1629 

-currant  s  192 

■llo:,  ei,  Ground 

t  ,3653 
■guineas  f  1629 

-Jerusalem  3  416 

■knops  t  1614-15,  1618 
-lueadow-parsnip 

2  .534 

-motherwort  3  403 

-moss  2  i()6 

■oak  f  3307 

Gol<leni)ert  3  162 

Golden  Ragwort  480 

Golden  Rod       3  3,30-49 

Alpine  3,57 

Anise-scented  338 

/leach  f  361^) 

lilue-stenimed  3  332 

Hog  336 

liroa<l  leaved  ,^32 

I'loott's  340 

Hushy  347 

Canada  '3.44 

Curtis'  333 

Cut-leaved  ^42 

Double  f.?7o8 

Downy  3335 
Downy  Ragged      332 

Druinmond'.s  ,^45 

Dwarf         '  I  ^709 

Early  3  34' 

Elliotts  340 

Elm-leaved  340 

European  337 

False  ,^49 


; 


M 


[Vol,.  III. 


./.,•;■ 


f  i.^o6 
f  16H4 
f  1684 


"fr 


^=7, 


favcd 
riiited 


ird 


Purple, 


<  >54H 

3  519 

3  422 

24,5 

2  197 

3  264 

2  170 

3  26.1 
269 

2  5,W 
292-3 

3  1(58 
f  1870 
3  422 

siivei  -pliDil 

f  1740 

^t  f  1618 

in  2  166 

80 

f  1614,  1618 

}  54 
f  1625 

ileasure    2  139 

Alexanders 

i,  t  2670.  26<>)-I 

Vster      3  322-5 


caved 


ind 

b 

-leavL'd 

.•aved 

bush 


t'sis 


323 
322 

324 
325 
323 
325 
324 
323 
324 
326 
}  364 


alls  2  106,  fi678 
f  1629 
ut  s  192 

I  ,   OlVUHlf 

<  3653 

fas  f  1629 

alem  3  416 

r   f  1614-15,  1618 
owpar.snip 

2  534 
crwort        3  403 

2  i()6 
f  3.W 

3  "'2 

480 
3  3.30-49 

^^7 

f  36.>) 

3  332 

336 


lert 

KaKWOrt 

Rod 

e 

■scented 

itenimed 

■leaved 


la 

•aved 

/e 

ly 

ly  Ratrged 

uiond's 

/         • 

t's 

eaved 

)eau 


332 
340 
347 
344 
333 

.    ■'»2 
f  3708 

3  3,35 
332 
345 
I  37<J9 
3  341 
340 
340 
337 
349 


?*SSF»T 


Vol.  III.]     KNGLISII  INDEX,  INCLUDING  POPULAR  PL.-VNT  N.\MES. 


567 


Golden  Rod 

I'ew-rayed  3  341 

l-'ield  344 

Flat  lop  f  37 IS 

I'rafrraiit  3  347 

Clattinger's  343 

•■-ray  344 

diciind       I3709var. 
Hairy  3  ^,^^ 

Hard -leaved  34,s 

Hij^h  f,37ii.s 

Houprliton's         3  3'; 
Large-leaved  -,3 1 

Late  342 

Lindlieiraer's  355 

Miiiarei  ^  },^^'^ 

Missouri  3  .34? 

Mountain  354 

Nob'e  3i6 

Northern,  Ohio,     34'i 
I'ah-  f  3676 

Pine  Barren        3  339 
Plume  341 

Pyramid 

t  3<>93.  ,1699.  371)1 
Ragged  3  331-2 

Rayless  32,5 

I'etid  321) 

Howard's  326 

Riddell's  346 

River-bank  .337 

Ro..  342 

Rough -leaved         330 
.Salt-marsh  33,*^ 

Sea-side  33s 

Sharp-toothed        341 
Showy  3  3i(j 

Short's  343 

Slender  .331 

-fragrant  34H 

-showy  336 

Spreading  359 

StilT  3i,i 

Stout  Ragged  ,vii 

Swamp    3  341,  f  36S4 
Sweet  3  33>' 

Tall  Hairy  339 

Triir  i  3691 

Twisted-leaf        3'  33s 
Velvety  344 

AVantl-like  335 

Western  Rough      34.S 
"  Hushy  34S 

White  T,},}, 

Willow-leaf  335 

Woodland  332 

Wreath  ,\?2 

VVrinkle^lcaved      3,',9 
Yellow-top  341 

Zig-zag  .?32 

Colden-saxifrage   2  181 
-seal  2  50,  f  1031 

-  j7<7  ;  ■,  jl/ij  lyla  ndi  365,=; 
-Ire/oil  f  i57-> 

-u  illoTi-herh      f  2811 

Cood-hye-suntmer(p\\x- 
ple  os/t'rs,  N.  C. ) 

Cood  King  Henrj- 

I  574 

Good  Hfointng  Spnm; 
f  1429 

Goo/s  f  1545 

Good  Friday  Grass 

f9f'5 
Gooseberry  Family 

3  1.S7 
Gooseberry         f  2796-7 
Uristly  2  1,88 

Cape  3  126.  131 

Kastern  Wild       2  189 
Garden  1.S9 

Hawthorn  1.S9 

Illinois  i  1867 

Missouri  2  188 

Northern  189 


'  Gooseberry 

Priaiv  Wild  i  1S65 
Sleiiih-r  i  1867 

Smoolli  i  1868-9 

Swamp  2  \i\<) 

Willi  !.><■< 

Oi>o:irhii)\-pir      f  2.51 1^ 
GooSErour  Famii-v 

1  569 
Ciooscfoot  I  57o-<) 

Herlandier's  572 

Hoses  572 

City  I  ,573 

Cut  leaved  5711 

Feither  Geranium, =i74 
l"remont's  ,^72 

Good  King  HeMiry  574 
Jerusalem  Oak  i  574 
Many  seeded  ,^71 

Mapie-leaved  573 

Miicury  i  1370 

Narrowleaved  i  i7i 
Nettleleaved  ,^73 

Mexican  Tea  57,s 

Oakleaved  ,>7i 

I'erennial  s~\ 

Red  ,S74 

■V'"  f  1393 

Turnpike  Geranium 

I  ,S74 

I'pright  573 

White  570 

Wormseed  ,S75 

Goose  gras^  i  214;  2  216; 

3  220,  f  415,  713,  1357 

Great  3    ()i 

Lesser  220 

Goose -tansy  2  216 

-tongue    3  454,  f  ,U44 

Gophii-:,  ood         f  2046 

Gordolobo  f  39S3 

Gorse  2  270 

Gosling-  i  15S1 

Gosling-grass         3  220 

•weed  220 

(Vosmore  26^ 

Go-to-bedatnoon      2()9 

Gourd  1".\mily     3  249 

Gourd,  Missouri         2,50 

Gout-weed,  -wort  2  539 

Ginvan,  Ewe  3  3vi 

Horse  4.S0 

Ling  2S3 

May  3=ici 

Meadow  2     it 

Milk  or  Witch 

Open 

Yellow 

3  271,  f  1614-5,  I6l.>^ 
Goztil  f  1S70 

CfRAPK  Fajiily       2  407 
Grape 

Arroyo  f  2402 

Ashy  i  24110 

Hailey's  2  411 

Hear's  572 

liUie  409 

Jliill  i  240J 

KuUace  2  411 

Catawba  4i.k^ 

Chicken  410 

Concord  40S 

Downy  409 

]'"alse  413 

Fox  2  408,  411,  f  2404 
l"rost  410,  f  2402 

Isabella  2  411S 

Missouri  41.) 

Mountain  f  2406 

Muscadine  t  2402 
Oregon  f  1642 

Plum  2  41  iS 

Possum  410 

Rocky  Mountain 

i  1641 


or  Witch    3  271 
or  Water  f  1345 


Gra)>e 
Riverside  2  410 

Salt  f  1396 

Sand  2  411 

Scuppernong         411 
Si  a  f  139(1 

/{n^/isli  f  1389 

.Small  2  409 

.Southern  Vo\         411 
.Sugar  411 

Summer  41  k) 

.Sweet  scented         410 
Winter 

2  4119.  410,  f  24112 

Grape-fern  I  2-4 

Cut  leaved  3  494 

Hilclicock's  f  2 

A'attlesnaie  f  ~ 

Grape://(..T(v      f  in''.   2 
-liy,i'ciiith  1  424-i 

■pear  t  I9S() 

■root  i  1942 

Crapeuorl         i  1.5,54-5 

Graphephorum       i  210 

Grass  F.VMii-Y  1  94-233 

(jrass 
A.;ne  f  1023 

Alkali  f  454.  977 

Arlsti'lai  133-7;  3  5112 
Arrow  1  83,  f  301 

JIaliama  f4iK) 

liarley  i  22S-<) 

Mouse,  Way,  Wtid 
f  ,532 
/larnacle  f  is.i 

Harnyard  i  1 1 ,1 

yieaclt  f  380.  453 

Jiead  f23i 

Bear  i  427, 

f  284,  1027,  2474 
Beard  i  98,  101-3,  157, 

f  299,  ,v>4 

Annual  1 35S 

Indian  f  221 

XakeJ  i  41x8 

Short  leaved    f  4(H) 

Triple-aiL  md  i  vi*' 

Woolly  f2ii 

Bickman's  f4i4 

Jlcni;al  i  2S3 

Bent  I  i6>-2,  i()7 

//lack  f  336.  520 

Creepim;  i  ,-,62 

Dense-flow'd   3  5112 

Afarsh  f  ,^62 

jYarrou-  fs^g 

Purple  f  ',S| 

Reed  f  3S(i 

Rhode  Island   f  365 

Rock  3  51H 

Sea  f 821 

Seashore  i  ,vSi) 

Sfiider  f 364 

irav  f  5>,2 

If /file  i  362 

Wind  f3,S3 

Bermuda  i  175 

Jlig  lilue-slem     f  219 

Bird  i  4()8 

■seed  f  292 

/litter  t  102 ', 

Black 

I  ,385;  2  272,  f  510 

■hent  t  336,  520 

-couch  "    f  336 

Black-head  f  965 

Black-oat  i  !3S 

-i/uilch  f  ^f>2 

Black-seed  f  349 

Blo:t-out 

f  331,  425,  438 

/lluhbep-  f,5i3 

Blue  I  202,  2114, 

f  524,  7,^6,  io,S5 


Grass,  Blue 

Colorado  (524,  var. 
English  1 521 

Oregon  i  479 

Texas  3  504 

Blue-eyed 

'  453-4.  *  ^m^ 

Blue-joint  i  if)3, 

f  219,  524,  var. 

/lig  f  216 

BInestem  f  ,^73 

Big  i  2x6,  219 

/lushy        f  221.  224 

Little  f  216 

/lonnel  f  \it2 

Bottle  f  2S2,  2074 

Botllc-brush         i  2,^^ 

/'oltle  I  nsh  f  541 

/!>  ides-laces        i  290 

B'ristle,  Green     i  282 

Glaucous  i  281 

Rough  f  280 

Brome  i  219-224 

Barren  i  221 

/lii:a-like        ^517 

l'"ield  3  506 

Hairy      i  220,  f  ,50*) 

Smooth  Rye      f  514 

So/-f  f5l3 

Short-aicned    f5i8 

Wild  f5i9 

/iiook  i  221 

/Iroom  i  216,  219 

B'roiim-corn,  Wild 

i  420 

/luci'  f  96 

BulTalo  I  183,  f  411-12 

Bull  f3n 

Bullpotes  i  387 

/lunch  I  216,  312,  ,^1S, 

354. ',^38 

/tiitjalo  f  5111 

Early  i\^\ 

Feather  i  310 

Bur  I  127 

/lurdoek  f  226 

Button  f  31)6 

/'urden's  f  362 

Canary  i  ni)-i 

Southern  i  291 

Candy  1 433 

Cane'  i  233,  f  4o<j 

Maiilen  f  225 

S:,  itch  i  542 

Capon's-tail        f  498 

Carnation 

I  .VV>,  <7I3.  742 

Carpet  i  2.56 

Catch-fly  i  129 

Cat's-tail  f  3.i4 

Alpine  i  ,vi5 

Meadow  f  ,^,54 

Rush  I   147 

Causeuay  f  459 

Cheat      '  I  222.  f  522 

Chess         I  219.  221-4 

Ci  impact  3  5116 

I'ield  506 

S:iamp  i  Sc6 

Wild  f5,2 

CI  aver  f  )4i2 

Clump-head        ^6,(6 

Ci>ck  ^514 

Cocksfoot  f  457 

Cockspur  III? 

t"i><'  f  926 

Coco  f  .557 

Corn  f  257,  ,383 

Cord  I  175-6 

Fresh-water         175 

Slender  f  404 

Cotton  I  271-3 

Horsetail  16.38 

Couch  I  226 

Black  f  336 


568 


IvNGLISII  INDKX,  INCHDINf.  roinLAR  PLANT  NAMES.       [Vol.  Ill 


'.I" 


i't:;; 


Grass,  Couch 

l'"alse  3  s<>7 

Cow  2  277,  f  13,17,  :!(>7S 

Cou  qiiakr  i  .(55 

Cral)     I  1(19,  II  I,  i!*i, 

f4i6,  1337,  I.^Sq 

Spioii/tili;  i  27,^ 

Ti.vas  f4io 

Crap  f  S2' 

Ciiit;  i  I4fi 

Cristcd  Hair  f  444 
Cro-ffoiU  f  2(11.  41*1 
Cuckoo  fiKi.s 

Cuba  f  2;5 

Curly  I      7 

Cut,  Rice  1211 

Cypress  f  544 

Darnel  i  225 

liiaiiled,  Pmsoii, 

i  5^2 

A-,,/  1 321 

Iliirl  f,;>i 

Deer  2  474-5 

J>iir/,iii!;ur  t  257 

/)( :i/'s         f  220,  ^SU 

Siitnnitr  i  \i\2 

Pilch  i  \-u 

Dodder  i  455 

/'tyr  f  ,s2|.  Mi.s 

jyog  l\nl  f  V'.s 

l)0!::,li,al  f  ~S2» 

Di«s  tail    I  200,  f  4i,s 

l'r,s/<d  f45ti 
Dog's  toutli 

I    I  75.  f  ,S2S 

Jhhir  t  1337 

J)olli<riiii;;  Picks  i  '4's5 
Ihnrr     '  i  ,5(12 

J^raffgc,  Dm  a  kc  f  522 
Draic  i  3o,s 

Drop-seed  i  144,  154  () 
Drunk  f  522 

Ihidder  f  ,S9 

Earning  3  114 

ICel  I  X2,  9,1 

Grcfil  f  I  (■2(1 

EK.vpliiin  I  i>>2 

-millcl  f  22,i 

Knglisli  nine  i  2u2 
£tcr  f,52i 

Evergreen  t  ,^96.  502 
JCiui/as/iiii;  f  239 

•/■a.";r  *455 

Eaitour's  2  3S(i 

/"o/ic  f  2es 

/Vi/ic  Hiiffald  f  419 
I'alse  Oat  1  171 

I'alse  Red-toi> 

1  A)5.  i  43'' 
I'eallier  f  31 1 ,  3S4.  417 

Richardson's  f  ,^09 
I'ealher  llunclx  f3io 
Felon  2  515 

Fescue 

I  216-18;  3  5o,S-C> 

Hard  f  500,  v.ir. 
Fine  John  f  ,^62 

/•V«f  Top  t  3(15 

Finder  i  111 

Hairy  f  240 

Lale-flowerinK 

3  49f> 
Smooth  1 241 

Fiorin  i  159 

Fire  2  225 

/■7<'/,'  f  337.  491 

J''iy-a:iav  f  36M 

Fowl  Meadow 

I  205,  f  4f)8.  48S 

/•o.r-  f  4113 

F'ox-tail     1  126,  14K-9 

Bristly       i  280.  2.S1 

Ilrozcn  f  280 

J'/oa/inff  f  337 


Grass,  1 'ox  tail 

ll'a/er  1337 

I'reiich  f  2iIhi 

/■'risky  Afeai/o:,  f  Sii2 
/'m;;--  f  <)26,  l3(<o 

I'll) ze  Top  f  3(1  s 

lialloii-  f  1262 

v'.ania  l    f.8 

Gilliflo:,  ,/•  f  742.  7N1 
^7i'.'(/  T'rtday  i  1165 
Goose  I  214; 

2  216;   3  61,   2A), 
1415.  713,    1317 

Grama  i   iso 

/Hack  f4n 

/tine  f4i2 

Common  i  \\2 

Side  Oals  f  4n 

Tall  f4i3 

('treat  Goose        3    i>i 

(7rii  n  f  4e6 

Hair  I  i(iS-7o 

C  'rested  i  444 

I.onif  awned     i  145 

KoukIi  ii>i 

Water  f  445 

Hard  i  226,  f  4,57 

Hassock  f  ,v''>7 

Haver  f  510.  ,513 

-corn  f  395 

Heatlii-r  i  "1S3 

Hedgehog  127 

Marsh  f  760 

Hendoii  Bent      i  458 

Herd's  1  147,  1,59 

Hevcr  \  3<),5-6 

Hirsc  <  272 

Holy  I   132 

}{ooded  f5i3 

Hnngari.m  i  127 

Hii  nger  i  3 '/) 

Indian        i  104,  f  427 

] itdian-Ueard      f  221 

Indian- Pooh        f  4ix> 

Indian  Kice         I  12S 

-millet  ^318 

/'"("i  f  799 

Ivray  i  225 

.lohiiBon      I  1(14  f5i9 

Joint  I  iii<j 

June  I  204,  f  397 

Prairie  f  441 

Kentucky  Blue   i  2(^4 

K'noh  f  318') 

Knot    I  561,  f22i),  324 

Lady  i  200 

I^ady-Hair         i  4s,s 

-laces  f  2(,(i 

Lavender  f  427 

Leghorn  Straw  t  4,=;S 

Lemon  i  ^ui> 

Lob  or  Lop  1513 

London  /.ace       t  2cjo 

Lnnisiana  f  2,^6 

Love  I   iS; 

Lyme  232 

Maiden  Cane      f  225 

A/aii/en-//air      f  4,35 

Manna  1  211-13;  3  505 

Poland  f4(|i 

Manna-f;  ()«^        f  491 

Marani  i  \(S 

Marl  2  277,  f  2075 

Marram  Sea        f  5,iq 

Marsh  i  175,  177 

Ma  rsh-hcdgehog  {  766 

Mat  '  I  224 

■reed  f  520 

-weed  1  166 

May  f  4,39 

Meadow  i  201-7,  212. 

214-15,  f4SS 

Common  f  466 

Fowl  I  205. 

f  468,  4S8 


Grass,  Meadow 

Kecd  I  212 

..S'(((  i  4(i.i 

Short-stalked    i  42(1 

Meadow-fescue  1  217 

-spear  ',  4SS 

Me  lie  I   195 

Merlin's  f  102 

Mescjuite 

I  180,  f  304.  41  ^ 
Bristly  f4ii 

//();/( I'  3516,  f  2(>,(2a 
I'rairie  3  sid 

r.lzet  f.^S4 

/  'ine  f  2.(() 

Milk  3  245 

Millet 

I  no,  123,  127,  1(1 
Molinia  i  1S7 

/'iirple  i  427 

Money  f  1.^39 

A/onkey's  1,1(12 

Afoor  i  (/h),  iS(i3 

Mountain  Rice 

«   I, -.9-4 1 
Mouse  i  3^5 

Mouse-tail  f  336,  49^^ 
Munro's  i   181 

Myrtle  i  S.S3 

Naid  I  224 

.Xatiiral 

f  466,  468,  2065 

Needle  1312 

jVeele  f  522 

Nimble  Will        i   144 

.Xonesuch,  II 'h ite  i  S2i 

Nut  I  240.  241 

Oat      1  138,171-4.  ut>^ 

Ito-iony  f  3(Ki 

False  f  3(>6 

Golden  f  391 

/'oor  f  3<i5 

7(7//  f  391,  3()6 

Oats.  Sea-side,     f  455 

Old  IVhite-top     i  1^4 

O/,/  Hitch  1'274 

Onion  i  yp 

Orange  2  436 

Orchard  i  2(,() 

Painted  130 

Panic  I  1 13-125; 

3  4(>6-5oi,  See  I'auic 

Pearl  i  y^^,  4,35 

Penny  3  KS7 

Pepper  f  i(v\',-4 

Pigeon       I  126;  3  70. 

f  240 

Pin  2  344 

/'ink       i  4",6,  742,  799 

Pitchfork  '  f  231 

Plume  I    99 

Pond    i  173,  524,  var. 

Poor  Oat  f  ,3(i5 

Porcupine  i  1,39,  f  ,112 

Poverty    I   133;  2  .(ii, 

i  505.  2074,  2473 

Southern  I344 

Prairie  1341,351.441 

-/line  f4U 

-rush  I   153 

Prickle  i  lo's 

/'rim  f  2()3 

L'nrple 

i  2067.  2083,  2549 
yuake. Quaking  I  109 
Quick,  Quack  f  524 
Quickens  f  524 

(Juitch  I  226 

Black  f  3(12 

Randall  1 502 

Rat- tail  f  3,?.i 

Rattlesnake  i  21 1 
Rav  I  225,  Red  f  521 
Red- stem,  /.it tie  f  216 
Red-top  1  159,  184,  205 


Grass,  Red-top 

/iiinc'i  *  479 

False       I  205,  f  .(36 


Northern 


'  .\('.\ 


11  'ild  1  270 

Reed     i  12S,  130,  15S, 

163-7.  176.  I^».  <542 

Common,  /A>i,'',  f  420 

Ditch,  /'olc  '    f  420 

Indian  1 ,360 

Salt  I  176 

Reed-bent  i  y^o 

Reed-Canary       i  13(3 

-meadow  212 

Rescue  fsig 

Ribbon  i  291 

Rice         I  128,  i,l(,)-4o 

Rice  Cut  i  129 

Ripple  3  207 

Rot  3  i()4 

Rush       I  151-4.  f  352 

Rtish  Cat's-tail    1  147 

Russia  i  491 

Rye  I  225,  210-2 

Giant  f  5,18 

/'erennial         f  521 

Wild   I  210-2,  3  51  iS 

Ryle  f  522 

St.  Mary's  i  225 

Salem  i  384 

Salt        f  3'i-,  417.  454 

Clustered  i  426 

I 'ine  tup  f  352 

Rush  i  4(11 

Salt-marsh  1 405 

Salt- meadow        i  i-'o 

Sand  I  185,  f  380,  1356 

Big  i 3S2 

Sand-hnr  1 2S4 

Sand  reed  1  166 

Sand -spur  f  2S4 

Satin      i  321-2,  326-7 

Scorpion  3  61-3 

Scratch  f  1355 

Scutch  1  175 

Cane  233 

Scurvy 

2  115,  122;  3  322 
Sea       f  176,  183,  1389 
-Marram  ^  5.19 

-meadoic  i  .\u}, 

Sea-oats  I   19s 

■reed,  -sand,      i  ,180 
-spur  f494 

Seneca  i  132 

Serpent  f  I3i.-n 

Sesame  f  210 

Shakeis  i  455 

Shat'e  f  84 

Shear  f  524 

Shelly  1 524 

Shining  f  k\u 

Short-husk  f  ,132 

.Si  de-oats  *4i3 

Sickle  i  1355 

iV/*     f  312,  1027,  3052 
Silky  t  ii.S 

Silver  3  322 

Slender  ^417 

Slough  i  414,  524.  var. 
Small  Cane  i  233 

Smut  154 

Snake  i  1477 

Soft  I  16S 

Soldier's  Feather 

Sour  I  1301 

.Southern  Reed    f  291 
So-v  f  1691 

Snake        3  61,  f  1477 
Sparrow  i  1028 

Spar  I  f  405 

Spear  i  201-3, 

205-8,  214 
Bunc/t  £478 


■if' 


f  ;,6i) 

1  iy(> 

i  ,iSi) 

iry       I  1  V3 

V  21 J 

i  2(>[ 

1 28,  1 59-^0 

i  129 

3  207 

3  194 

151-4,  f  ,^52 

s-tail     I   1)7 

f  491 

I    225,  2V>-2 

a/  f  ,S2i 

230-2,  3  ^''''^ 

f  S22 

s  1 223 

l,V-'4 

.i-is,  417.  454 

?(/  f  426 

'>  f  .V52 

1  41 M 

■//  f  405 

o\v         I  176 

5,  f  ,v-*o,  i;o6 

f3S2 

1  2S4 

I  1  166 

;-  f  2S4 

,121-2,  326-7 

3  '>!-,? 
*  '355 

I  175 

2J3 


^5.19 
<  493 

I  19S 
r(7«i/,      f  ;,So 

*494 
1  1 12 

f  i.ViH 

f  210 

f455 
f.M 

f  524 

1  524 

f  "654 

!^-  f  3;,2 

I413 
t  1355 

12,   I027,    1(>S2 

3  322 

*4i7 
414,  524,  var. 
lie  I  235 

f  1477 
I  16S 
Fealher 

1 1301 
/?(■(■(/  f  291 

f  iflQI 

3  61,  f  1477 
f  1028 

f  4"5 

1  201-3, 

205-S,  214 

f47S 


»_i.|ji,jfi]WP".jl^"    .■^=T'.'  ^^  W ,  ■ '"' 


Vol.  III.]     ENGLISH  INDEX,  IN'CLUniNG  TOPl'LAR  PLANT  NAMES. 


Gras<i,  Spear 

Ar<adow  f  .)S8 

KlDtiiitaiii 

I  .•'o;,,  t  464 
Soiilhiin  f43i 

Spike  I  197-8,  f  453 
Sfikid  f  isf) 

Spill s  {  21JO,  3S0,  42C1 
Hfiring'  f  29^ 

5/)/<»7  f62'7 

S(iuirrcMail  i  22(| 
Si/iiiUii  i  461,  524 

Staggir  I  444 

Star      1   ',S(i,  425,  446; 
2  3''^";  3  227 
Stftp  3  194 

Stiuil  1 524 

Stur<ly  f  322 

.Sriff/  f  I  S3,  491,  883 
Sweet  Vernal  i  131 
Szvi/ie's  t  T  ',^7 

S:fi/c/i  iVy.i 

S-.ioitl  i  290.  (nS 

Sviiau  f  225 

Tdif  i  522 

7(7  .(.If/  f  17(1 

Teirell  I  2?o 

Texas  Blue  3  .siq 

Thin  I  161 

Til//  t  3(x, 

Three  a%viuil  1  133 
TInee-foik  (403 

Tiikle  f  274,  3t',s 

Tiiiiiithy  1  147 

Cnlijoriiia  i  29: 
MoitiiUiiii  f  i^s 
;/■//,/  f32'2 

Tine  2  32(> 

Toad  i  926 

Toiii;ue  f  147.=;,  itsq 
Tdolliache  i  177 

Ti  iftlenitneil 

f  304,  301. 

Tumble-weed      i  12? 

Tiirki-y-Juol  f  218 

Til  rile  t  183 

7"rf/i/  f  3(,7 

T:i  ill-spike  f  4(15 

7"rf  /Vi7/  f  324 

Hhiik  fjix 

liiillci-  1 396 

Onion  f  3(^ 

Wilier  f  3(12 

7Vri'  penny  i  2>>I5 

Umbrella  ^644-3 

I  ■  II inn  f  451-3 

Vanilla  1   132 

Nodding  3  302 

Velvet  I   168 

■mesQiiile  f  384 

I'iiieiiiesi/iiili      f  24') 

U'lii^-uaiilpii       f  435 

Wart  2  371) 

//'«/(Tf  445,  1721.  2703 

l.iinre  i  2\o 

Water  O.its  i  128 

II -ay  fi337 

ll'dv-henl  f  5^2 

(/W/  f  1721 

Wheat  1  227-8, 

f  324,  var. 

Ileal  ded  1328 

Coast  3  307 

Doff  1 328 

Pulse  i  524 

Gnielin's  3  3^8 

We.stern  3  307 

Wliify  f6f.3 

White  1  139 

H'liiles  i  \nj\ 

White  Top  t  362 

Whitlow  2  140-4 

Whorl,  Water         194 

Wiekens  ^524 

ll'idi^eon  f  183 


Urass 

11 'lid  Ciiiiarv      f  291 
Wild  Oat 

I  17,5-4.  3  y>^ 
Wild  Kyc 

I    2,^0-2,   3  ,308 

Wild  Tiiiiolliv   i  122 

Willou  '    f  1319 

"'/«(/  f  3S3 

Windlestr.i' 

1  167.  f  .-,87 

ll'indmili  f  407 

Wi  liter  f  7.1S 

Wire  I  i,S4,  181, 

f  242,  4U1,  410 

Wire-bent  1  224 

Witeh         I  121,  f  52.1 

Old  i  274 

U'o/iSi/itii  t  270 

WiH'd  i  22J   321 

meadow  1  20,5 

Worm  2  60S 

Wool  I  271 

Ifiaek  f  18,^ 

Yard  i  l"^l,  f  416 

}'illorc  f  c)()0 

Yellow-eyed  I    V>o-7o 

)',ilo:.-lofi         '  f  378 

)'oi  ksliin -fi)!;      {,584 

Grass-JiiKter 

{  10S3.  1429 
(Irasso/'lhe  Amies  i  ,vi6 
C.rassdf-I'arnassus 

2  182-4 

Grass-pink  1  480,  f  1469 

Grass  poly  2  471 

■  ueed    '  i  1,83 

•  wrack  i  82 
Gri>:el('liinl  f  2774 
Gravel-root              3  307 

•  weed  2.)  2 
Gi  ai'eynrd-u  ecil  f  2337 
Gray-beard  tree  f  2843 
( irayinile  3  64 
Greasewood  i  ,s.'<4 
Greek  \',ilerian       3    41 

A  III er lean  •  299,1 

C'l'i  e/'ini^  f  2(((i3 

Greenbrier  I  4-tu-2 

/■'iddle-sliaped    f  1037 

Green-dragon  i  361 

-j;iii!;er  f4oio 

-osier  i  2713.  2720 

-saiue  t  1301 

-sorrel  f  I  lol 

-weed,  or -wood  2  271 

Gr/'^  t  2778 

Grimthe-Collier    3  284 

Grinsel  4S2 

Grip,  Gri])-^:rass         220 

Gtomwell,  Aiiier.   3    64 

Corn  63 

HiiNe  66-7 

Woolly  64 

Ground-berry  2  372 

-biinuit  332 

-eediir  i  c|8,  2474 

-eeiiliiKry  f  22^4 

Ground-Cherry  3  126-33 

Harbaiioes  127 

Clammy  i,V) 

Cut  leaved  128 

Hillside  131 

L;>nee-leaved  127 

l.tirge- bladder         129 

I.oiin  leaved  120 

I.ow  130 

I,ow  Hairy  126 

Mexican  128 

Peruvian  131 

Philadelphia  128 

Prairie  129 

Purple-flowered      132 

Round-leaved  131 

Small-flowered        127 


Ground  Cherry 

Stellate         '        3  n2 
Tall  Hairy  126 

VirKinia  130 

White-flowered       133 

Ground^ /•"/;•  f    95 

•hele  3  108 

•hemlock  i    61 

■holly  t  273I) 

•ivy  3    ^'*7 

-laurel  2  371 

■lemon  f  i6)6 

■  lily  i  104S 

■  moss  i  2.(74 
Ground  nut  2  353 

Dwarf  2  51  p7 

Giouiid-pea  f  2227 

Ground  pine  I  41, 

2  436,  f  go,  9.8,  3070 

Fes  <on  f    98 

Grou.  '  ,)luni  2  297 

■  riispht  riy  i  13(4 
Groiiiid-si/inrre/pea 

t  1615 

Ground-vine  3  213 

Groundsel  473 

Hl.ick  tipped  477 

lialsam  479 

Common  4S2 

Crossleaved  4S1 

ICiitire-leavcd  476 

Fetid  4S3 

JIarsli  4S1 

Silvery  477 

\"isciins  4S3 

Wood  482 

Groiindsel-biish      3  304 

-tree  30  ( 

Gi  oiiseberry  i  2773 

Grundy-Swallow    3  4^0 

Guelder-rose,  Wibl    229 

Afaple-leayed     13437 

Gum,  Black  2  ,^47,  f  :-2,^ 

Cotton  2  3)7 

Red  K13 

Sour  2  347,  f  2723 

Spriiee  f  122 

Star-leaved  2  lo; 

Sweet  103 

Tupelo  S47 

Il'al,r  f2722 

Willie  i  i.s^o 

Giim-Elaslie  f  j.sio 

l"inui-i)lant  3  321,  f  3031 

Gum-iree 

Sfriiee  i  1 22 

)'ellou'  i  2-;:i 

Giiii-brialit  i  S) 

(rUtierrezia  3  320 

Giitler-liee  f  2717 

Gutweed  3  272 

Gymno])o?oii       I   178-Q 

Gypsophyll  2  16-17 

Hnckbetfy,  So     i  326-7 

Hackmatack  1  3),  f  131 

flaeiiio:  k  f  120 

Ilauweed  2  271 

Hail-,  //<;/;'-, rrC('rff29S7 

//air-fern  t  io 

Hair  Grass 

I  145,  161,  168-171 
Hairlioof,  Sweet  3  227 
Hiirhound  (»ti 

Hairif  220 

/fa  m  mer^sedffe  {"13 
finmmeiuorl  f  1270 
Ilandsoiiie  Harry 

■f2352 
Harbinger  of  .Spring 

2  542 
Hardback 

2  196,  213,  f  1208 

Piiiple  i  1884 

Spue  i  18.S3-4 

Hardheads  3  492 


5^'9 

34S4 
f  4077 


Hardock 
tfaidrieed 

Harebell  3  2,V3 

.Vrctic  2':-  ■ 

Hare's-beard  3  14,1 

ear  2  329;  3  315 

Hare's-foot  Fern      i  11 

Hartford  Kern        i      7 

Hari's^eye  i  2642 

Hartshiirii-biish         1 8 

■planl  f  I,s8i 

Hatt's-thorn  2  40,"; 

-t(mgue  1     21 

lIarveBt-6(//.i  <  ■287,3 

•licj  3  4.^7 

-lily  12951 

Hathorne  2  241 

Haver-eorn  f  395 

Haw  (see  Thorn) 

2  240-6 
Black 

3  233.  *  28,50,  3444 

Dolled  I  if)93 

I'arsley  2  242 

Pear  244 

Possum      i  2,560,  3443 

Red  2  242,  f  1991, 

1994,  1(^6,  2002-3 

.Scarlet  2  242 

Sliauiiee  ^  3443 

.Small-fniited      2  240 

.Summer  244 

Tree  f  1996 

Vail's  2  245 

Yellow  244 

Haukberry  f  2021 

Hawkbit  3  266,  282,  285 

Hawk's- beard   3  279-82 

Grav  282 

Hawkw'eed  3  283-7 

Canada  286 

]';arly  285 

Field  284 

Golden  Mouse-ear 

2-"<4 
Green  285 

(Tri>novius'  287 

Hairy  287 

Long  bearded         287 
Maryland  2,85 

Mouse-ear  283 

Narrow-leaved        286 
Orange  284 

Panieled  2^6 

Rough  287 

Tawny  284 

Vein-leaf  283 

Wall  283 

Hawtliorn 

2  241,  f  1991,  I99'8 

Eniilisli  i  1993 

Hau-tree  f  1995 

Hayhofe  3    S7 

Haymaids  S7 

Hay-plant  227 

Ha:el,  Illaek         f  1208 

Siiappin}^  i  1879 

Witch  2  193 

Hazel-nut  i  ,307-S 

He-liiukleberry    f  2355 

Headache  2  99,  f  i6tk)-i 

-plant  f  1,381 

Head-flower  3  216 

-Hetony  f  3,?35 

Headsman  3  S07 

Heal-all  3  8.s,  148, 

f  1029,  ioc6 

High  3  1S6 

Heal-bite  i  1787 

■dc^s;  i  1787 

Healing-blade 

3  206.  f  1S20 

-herb  3  67,  207 

Heart  clover  2  273 

■leaf    2  273,  f  1 278 -So 


570 


ENGLISH  INDIiX,  IN'CLUDIN'O  POPIXAR  1>I<.\NT  NAMES.      [Vol,.  III. 


Heart  of  thcearlh  3    f*"* 

-siud  40,^ 

■trefoil  27,1 

tf curls  i  2250 

I  U'iirtsease 

a  4,S.s,  f  1319.  '.127 

Heart' apansy       fjsii 

HearluieU  '         i  1327 

Hcartwcirt  3  274 

HlCATII  Kaiiii.v         .S56 

Heath  f  2Vn.  2474 

Hlackberricd"    '  a  ,v^( 

to/H  f  131') 

Cruss-leaved       a  .s73 

Moutitaiii  565 

ScDldi  573 

7reatli-1)i'Us  3  253 

1  tcatlibtrry  3  383 

Htalli-iyfircss  1 114 

Heather  3  573 

Heach,  False,  441 

Mouox  383 

Hea  Vfii  u  iird  7>r<?f  2272 

Hedge-bells  3     2h 

-burs,  ll'i/if  220 

-Dead-nettle  94 

-Karlic  3  115 

IledKelu*  531 

-thistle  461 

I  ledge-hyssop     3  160-3 

Hedge-lily  3     25 

Hedge-maids         I3<i9,s 

Hedge-mustard      3  iib 

Fine -leaved  144 

Hedge-nettle         3  96-S 

-parsley  3  510-11 

Nedffe-peak  i  1073 

Mediae  I'icks  f  2016 

Hediicplaul  fi25Q 

■slrOifbcrry        f  lyio 

-taper  3  143 

-thorn  2  241 

-■feed  f  i(x)6 

Hedysarnm  3  31 1 

Heliotrope  3  51-3 

i7arden, Hardy  f  3474 

Summer  '   i  \\~\ 

IF/ Id  f  3016 

Hellebore        3  sv  ^973 

American  White  I  4(^-5 

Haslard  i  11 20 

y/V  f  084 

Falie  f  984-5 

Clreen  3  33 

Steam p  f  g»4 

//'//(/  ^3016 

Wood's  False      i  408 

Helleborine  i  469 

Hellroot  3  196 

Helliveed  i  1625 

Helmet-flower        3    78 

-pod  I  1613 

Hemicarplia  i  273 

Hemlock  i  56,  61 

Carolina  36 

Creeping  f  135 

(Iround  i    61 

Lesser, ax  Small  i  2636 

Poison  3  532 

Southern  i  125 

spotted  f  2694 

Water  3  536 

Hemlock-Chervil  3  511 

Hemp  I  530,  591 

Albany  f  1267 

American  f  2430 

Bastard  3    92 

Indian         3  3,  f  2430 

Nettle  3    92 

Water  3  591 

Wild  3  92,  295 

Hemp  Dead-nettle      92 

Hemp-nettle,  Red      92 

Common  f  3107 


Hempweed,  Climbing 

3  313 
Hen -a  n  dch  icken  s 

f  1820,  37.?4 

Henbane,  lUaek     3  13^ 

)'ello:c  f  (jii'i 

Henbit  3  (i(.  (,6 

.Small  17.) 

Henbit  Dead  nettle     o( 

Hen  plant  3  jn*)  7 

Hens  i  2303 

Hep-  or  Hip-tree  f  107; 

Herb  bane  3  lo" 

-//iii/mrti  ri7ii<i 

-licnnet   i  1944-5,  11)48 

-Cliristoi)her 

2  55,  f  8,  1031 

-Oer.iid  1  330 

-itnpiipus  3   ;ii3 

-ivy  3  113 

-John  4!3 

-Margaret      3  351),  457 

Herb-oftheCross  3     7.) 

Herb-Robert  3  341 

-Sherard  3  220 

-Sciphia  3  14) 

-twopenee  581) 

-Trinity   3  455,  f  1578 

-tricopv  f  2506 

-William  3  3^8 

Herba  Impia  3  -^iis 

Hercules'  Club 

2  506,  f  2270 

Heron 's-bi  11  2  _^i4 

Heuchera  2  i78'S(i 

Hickory  i  4S4-7 

Big  Shag-bark        480 

/litter  i  1152 

Hitter  nut 

I  483,  f  1158 
/titter  Pii,'-nut  f  1132 
/Hack  f  ii3r>.  11 38 

/Irnu  n,  or  iirooin 

f  113S 
nulhiul  fll56 

Fragrant  i  4"<() 

//ardbark  i  ii,st> 

King-nut  I  48(1 

Mocker-nut  486 

Northern  3  31  3 

Pecan  i  484 

/'la;  i  1 132 

Pig-nut      1  487:  3  312 
Red  f  ii.iG.  II 38 

/^ed/ieart  f  113} 

Scurfy  3  312 

Shag-bark 

I  4*^3:  3  311 
Southern  3  311 

Shell-bark 

I  483,  f  1133 

T/iick,  or  Western 
f  1 1 33 
Small-fruited      i  48(1 
Soft-shell  i  1131 

Swamp      I  4S5,  f  1 133 
Upland  f  1134 

W.ater  i  48s 

irhite 

f  1 134,  1 1 56,  1138 

White-heart         1  486 

White  Walnut        48^ 

Hickory  Poplar    f  1312 

Hit^h-bclia  i  3303 

High  Dandelion  13371 

HighorHigTai)er3  143 

High-water  shrub  3  292 

Hillberry  2  372 

Hillwort  3115 

Hindheal    3  460,  f  1371 

Hip-brier, -loset  1973-4 

-tree  • '97o 

Hippo,  Wild         i  2^21 

Indian  I  1888 


/lirse  (272 

Hive  vine    3  21^1.  f  2l(>t 
lloarhouiid,  lilack 

3    9*' 

Ci'iiiiiii'ii  '3i'8o 

l'"elid  3"    ()') 

Mar>h  118 

Water  3  1 17-1 18 

While  84 

Wild  310-312 

Iliiarwort  3  393 

llobble-bush  229 

lIotYiiianseggia  2  239 

1  log  apple  ().' 

-bed  f  98 

-'>ite  f  3331 

Hog  reaniil  2  y4 

■physic  '3302 

Hog's  bean  3  138 

-fennel      2  313,  r^(|8| 

■  poliitue  i  070 

Ilogweed         3  203.  307. 

t  2O34,  ,3827 

Hogwort  2  V'i 

Holtard  f  1223 

Hollow  riiiit  3  243 

IIiil.I.V  F.\MII.v  2  y-fi 

Holly,  American  3911 

Dahoon  2  391 

/hcidiioiis  1 2^011 

/■'.luetic  t  2338 

(iron lid  f  2736 

Large  leaved  2  392 

Meadow  392 

Mountain    393,  f  23(11 

Swamp  3  392 

//  V;  itr  f  2330 

Wild  2  393 

f/otly  bay  f  2441 

Hollyhock,  Sea  i  2434 

lldly  //aj'  f  2ii')4 

-heib  3     70 

-rose,  Marsh  2  ,308 

Homewort  108 

Honesty  134 

Honeworl  33*) 

Honey  f  21141 

Honey-balls  3  216 

Honey-blob  f  1S70 

Honey-bloom  3       2 

-locust  2  200 

-lotus  27^ 

■nicsiiiiite 

3  316,  f  2032a 

-plant  3  107 

-shucks  I  2041 

•stalks  2  279 

HoNEVSUCKLF.  1'"AMII.V 

3  2-;; 

Honeysuckle         2  280; 

3  237-42;  f  1359 

Bush  3  241-2 

Chinese  240 

Cinnamon 

t  2747,  var   2 
Clammy  f  2747 

Coral 
Crimson 

Douglas'  3  23S 

ICaily  f  2743 

Fly      3  240-42,  f  3407 
Claucous  3  238 

Ground  2  280 

Hairy  3  238 

Italian  237 

Japanese  240 

Garden  /^ly       f  3467 
Perfoliate  3  237 

Purple  I  2743 

Sea  I  lei  Trumpet 

f  3461 
Small  Yellow  3  238 
Smooth  f  2746 

SuUivant's  3  239 

Swamp    2  539,  f  2743 


3  23>i 
13438 


Honeysuckle 
Tartarian  Bush   3  241 
Truii'pet  3  239 

White  '2747 

Wild  3  55K. 

f  2614,  2607-8 
Yellow 

3  239,  f  2745,  .3438 
Honeysuckle  Apple 

3  33H 

-clover  276,  279 

Honey-sweet  22^ 

lloodwort  3    ',9 

Hoofs  4^)9 

Ilook-heal  88 

-:ieed  ^  3o<;8 

Hoop-ash  2  ()02,  f  1253 
Hoopkoop  plant  3  325 
//i>op:fiiod  f  2363 

Hop  or  Hops  1  33t> 

/log  i  2889 

Wild  3  9<i,  f  1582 

Hoi)-clovcr      3  272,  27s 

-hornbeam  1  ,307 

Hop  tree  2  354 

-trefoil  275 

■!'ine,  Ilevil's  f  1034 
Hornbeam  1  306-7 

Suainp  i  2721-3 

Horn  bine  i  2721 

-pine,  -pipe.  f  2721 
/lorncd  Ctofer  i  2063 
Horned  Rush  1  276 

//orn-ueed  \  1536 

HoRNWoKT  Family  ' 

2  46 
Horn  wort  46 

Horse-balm  3  123 

Hor.se-blob  2    51 

■  bramble  f  1973 

Horse-brier  i  440 

cane  3  295 

Horse-chestnut      2  4o«j 

A  met  lean  f  2382 

Horse-elder  3  404 

-foot  46<) 

/forse-ffeaweed  i  2030 
Horseily-wecd  3  2()6 
Horse-gentian         3  234 

-ginseng  234 

-gold 

f  1614-  13,  1618,  1625 
Horse -gowaii  3  439 

Horse-heal  404 

-hoof  469 

-knobs, -knop  492 
Horse-laurel         f  2730 

-lily  f  1327 

Horse-Mint    3  104,  120, 

t3'3i.  3139 

European  13177 

Ohio  f3i,W 

Sweet  3  116 

Horse-nettle  135 

Horse-pipe  f  77,  84 

Horse-radish  3  127 

Horse-sorrel  f  I29<j 

Horse  sugar  3  597 

Horse-tail  Family 

»    35 

Horse-tail  i   Vi-7 

Cornfield  i  77 

Meadoiu  f  78 

Rou!;h  f  84 

Water  f  ,82 

Hor.se-thyme  3  108 

Horse- weed    3  123,  ,^91, 

*  3539.  3592 
Low,  Purple,       3  391 
Houndbciie  3    84 

Hound 's-berry  134 

-tongue  3  53,  319 

House-leek  3  166-8 

Houstonia  3  214-215 
Hove  87 


i  i! 


[Vol,.  III. 


Vor,.  III.]      ENllLISn   INDHX,  IXCLIDINC;  I'Ol'ULAR  I'L.VNT  NAMES 


57X 


ickle 

iiin  Bush    3  241 
)it  3  2.W 

f -'747 

f  26114,  2(H)7-S 

2.V),  f  2745,  M^ 
ucWle  Appli' 

2  5SH 
276,  279 
(wiet  224 

■rt  3    ■'  9 

4(xj 
t-al  8S    . 

f  ,vxj« 
)h  2  602,  f  1 255 
)()p  plant    a  325 

iik/  f  J.^fi.l 

Hops  I  ,S,V> 

f  2S.S9 
3  9.),  f  15H2 
)ver  3  272,  275 
beam  i  .S'V 

i  ,154 
il  275 

,  Dez'iTs    f  1054 

am  I  506-7 

up  fs72i-.1 

'i/«^  f  2721 

,  ./>//><■,  f  2721 
1/  Clinrr  i  2065 
1  Rush  I  276 

■rccrf  1  15,^6 

VoRT  I'AMII.Y 

2  46 

ort  4(> 

halm  3  '2.? 

bloh  2    .SI 

p;/Wc  f  1973 

brier  1  44° 

!  3  295 

chestnut  2  400 

•ricaii  f  2382 

-elder  3  404 

L  469 

■ff fa  treed  1  2050 

iiy-weed  2  266 

-Keiitiau  3  234 

seiij{  23t 

i6i4-i,S,  1618,  1625 
-({owaii  3  459 

-heal  404 

)f     .  469 

)l)S,'-knop  492 
'-laurel  i  2750 
f  1527 
:-Mint  3  104,  120, 
f  31.5'.  3139 
ropean  i3>77 

o  i  31. W 

!et  3  "6 

-nettle  I35 

--pipe  i  77,  84 

;-radish  2  127 

f -sorrel  i  I29<) 

.'sugar  2  597 

lE-TAIL  TaMII-Y 

I    ,15 

;-tail  I  35-7 

■II  field  t  77 

adoic  i  7** 

•ii^l,  i  84 

ier  i  S2 

e-thj-nie  3  i<)8 

li-weed    3  123,  ,391, 

f  .15.59.  .1.592 
K,  Purple,  3  391 
idbene  3    '^\ 

id's-berry  134 

igue  3  53.  ,1'9 

le-leek  2  166-8 

itonia        3  214-215 
'-  87 


HUCKI.IJIIKRRV  l''AMn.V 

3  573 
Huckleberry 

3  574-5.  '  27.)! 
niack  a  .S7( 

nine  ,S79 

1I"X  575 

Hush  .S7.S 

Dwarf  ,S7S 

fie  i  2355 

HIkIi  bush  2  574 

Southern  Blai'k  ,S77 
S(iuaw  ,s><'i 

Si ra:,  berry  f  27111 
7"; w  '  f  2797 

Itiickleberry  Lily 

f  ii«)3 

Ilndsonia  a  441 

Ilnnjfer  flcnver  142 

lIuuKcr-weed  S3 

J{iiiii>ry-viiir         f  M34 

Huntsman's  Cup    2  kmi 

Hutr-bur  3  4S4 

Hurt  sickle  401-2 

Hiiikrihtl  f  ii)23 

Ilutchiiisia  a  13S 

Hutton-wted  3  24S 

Hyacinth  i  423 

Crape  I  421-5 

Wild  I  423.  f  1670 

Hydrangea  2  181-5 

Snouy  f  iS5<i 

Hvehle  f  2620 

HymcniKallis  i  445 

Hynieuopappus  3  44,s-() 

Hyssop  3  110 

../ // / tc  f  31  >f)2 

Garden  '3152 

Ciant  3  S»'-5 

Hedge  160-3 

Prairie  3  112 

Water  '3271 

Wild  3    7u 

Hyssop  Hedge-nettle 

396 
lit'land-moss         i  i8is 
-pi'pfiy  f  i6i)2 

Ice-leal  3  143 

-plant,  Anicr.       2  553 
Illinois-nut  f  1131 

Iinpudenlla  uycr  f  3236 
Indian-apple         i  \h\ii 
-arrow  2  394 

-arrow-wood  t  2712 
-balin  f  io(7 

■hark  f  1540 

-bean  3  u)9 

■heard-ffiass  i  221 
-black-drink  i  23^8 
-boys  and  ff iris  i  1669 
-bread-root  2  2S4 

-cedar  i  i2ij.'< 

-cherry  i  1985,  2394 
-chickweed  i  398 

-chief  f  282b 

-cucumber- root  I  4;,i 
-cup  3  160;  3  401;) 

-currant  2  23') 

-doob  f  41 K) 

■dye  f  1544 

-?/»»  f  1255 

-fig  a  463 

-yi'.ir  <  1S16 

-grat'cl-root        ^3615 

Indian-hemp 

3  3,  f  2430 
Black  f  2^9*) 

White  f  2905-6 

Indian-f/ifipo        I  .,SS8 
-lettuce  3  550 

-mallow  2  422,  f  2427 
■millet  ^318 

■  moccasin  f  ilvSg 

■  nio:emi:e  i  1975 
-paint        i  1375.  3048 


Indian  paint.  Red  a  ii>2 

Yellow  51 

-paint  brush         3  179 

■pear,  Wild         fl9\5 

-physic 

2  I'P,  f  I5.!7i  '''89 
-pine  f  ii.S 
-pink          2  (10s;  3  22 

t  1445.  145S.  22.>>'<,  3318 
I.NIiIA.N-l'iri;  l''AMII.V 

2   554 

Indian-pipe  555 

■pilcliei  i  iSdi 

■plantain  3  473-5 

-poke           1  4(jS,  f  ().S5 
•l>osy 

3  401.  f  2i|iX>,  3S50 

■potato  f  2227 

-piiccoon  f  3048 

■red -root  f  1061 

-root  2  501 1 

-.sage  3311 

■shamrock  »  1047 

■shoe  f  1092 

-soap  plan.'  (  238(1 

-stra:i  berry  f  1  ^75 

-thistle       '  f34Si 
-tobacco 

3  2()0,    f  3225.  3.84S 

■turmeric  f  1544 

Indian-turnip  i   v<i 

Thierleated  i  870 

Indian  .•i7V////>  f  256<> 

Indian's  Dieain  f  64 

Indian's  I'luine  3  102 

Indigo,  Wild       2  2(15-7 

False.  Bastard,  2  2.'«) 

Blue  I'ab'c  205 

Dual f  Falsi'  i  2102 

I'r.igrant  I'alse  2  28<) 

Prairie  i  2053 

IniligO'btooin  2  26'i 

-plant  292 

-  :*  eed  f  20,5* ) 

tnfaiil'sbieath  i  34m) 

Inkberry      I  594;  a' 391 

Shining  3  519 

Ink-root  2  594 

Innocence        3  156,  212 

Insane-root  1 3K 

Io(lanthus  2  123 

Ipecac,  American 

a  ms,  f  2j25 

False             '  f  kS,>S8 

Milk  f  2321 

.Spiin;e.  H'hili',  f2<25 
Wild 

2  .177;  3  234,  f  2895 
Wood  3  234 

Iresine  i  593 

iRi.s  I"AMir,v  I  447 

Iris  451-2 

Spi  ill!;  i  1080 

Irish-daisy  3  271 

-iiiahoffany  i  1223 

Iron  head  3  492 
Iron-weed 

3  302-4,  492,  f  3059 
Devil's  3  274 

Iron  Wood  i  507; 

f  1207,  2829 

Southern  2  389 

Ironwort       3  92,  f  3107 

Isabella  wood         2    96 

Isopappns  3  330 

Itch-weed  f>)«4 

Itea  a  i87 

Ivory  Plum  2  572,  12798 

Ivray  I  225 

Ivy.  American       2413 

Ilic^leaved  i  2757 

Climbing  2  3!<8 

Coliseum  3  144 

I'ive-fiiijiered     f  2410 

I'ive-leaf  f  2410 


Ivy 

(".round  3    S7 

Keiiihvorth  14) 

Poison  2  3SK 

Three  leaved  3SS 

Spoonwood        f  27,si) 

Ivy -berry  i  2775 

-bush  2  51 14 

chickweed  3  170 

-fto:,er  f  \y,^ 

■weed  3114 

Jack  by  the  hedge  2  115 

.jack  in  thepulpit  i  301 
tn  troupers        i  1550 

Jack  straws  3  207 

Jackson-Tine  i  3220 

Jacob' sladder 

i  2370,  3236 
American  3  41,  f  1050 

Jacob'sstaff  3  143 

-su-oid  I  i"77 

falap,  Cancer       f  1415 
Wild  f2945 

Jasmine.  Aiiier.    f  2944 
Hasliiid  1 3220 

Carolina  2  005 

A'rd  f204i 

Wild  iisTfi 

laundiceberiy  or  -tree 

f  1640 

■root  i  15(4 

Jenny   Wren  t  2240 

Jersey  Tea  2  407 

Jerusalem  oak 

»  574.  <  137.1 

■  artichoke  3  429 
-sage  91 
-star  269 

Jessamine  f  3220 

/Hue  i  15.S4 

I\'ed  f  2943 

Hater  1 3275 

Yellow  2' (.05 

Jesiiit'sbai  k  f  3580 

■  Watii  -lint  f2t)i2 
jEWKi.-wiiEu  Family 

2  403 
Jeirels,  Speckled  f  23^s 
jewel- weed  2  41M-4 

Speckled  f  238>! 

Jew'sharpplanl  f  I04S 
Jew's  Far  i  3219 

Jimson-weed 

3  139,  f3223 
Joan  Sih'er-piii  i  i05« 
Job'sleai  s  f  1011 

l/VW  13052 

Joe  Pye  Weed         3  307 

Spotted  307 

Johnnv-jiiinp  f  2X2i> 
Johnny-jumper  2  455 
Johnny  jumi)-up 

2  455,  f  24.S4,  2492 

■sinokei  s  f  1942 

Johnsuoit  ^2454 

False  i  2463 

Joint-vetch  2  312 

•weed  1  56S;  2  ,501 
Jointed  Charlock  a  121 
Jose|)h's-flower  3  2t)9 
Jofe's-J'ruit  i  1657.  2X31 
Joy,  American  f  2410 
Juba's  Bush  i  ,^93 

Judas-tree,  Amer.  a  257 

Red  i  2033 

Juniper  1  59,  60. 

f  120,  122,  130.  133 

Crcepins  f  134 

Red  f  13,-, 

Juniper-bush  i  133 

■tree  i  1 255 

June-berry  2  237-9 

-//on  r >■  f  2505 

Juuo's-tears  3    70 

Jupiter's-ic<7;vi'      11820 


Jupiter's-stalT  3  143 
Jussiaea  2   480 

Justice  weed  3  308-9 
Jute.  American  3  422 
Kale,  Corn  or  I'ield  119 
Kalmia  3  V)4,  f  27,57 
Kedlock  I  1700,  1703 
Kelt  up- weed  13988 
Kelp  f  1537 

h'elpuoil  f  1396 

Kemps,  Kempseed 

3  207 
Sea  2iK) 

Kentucky  Mahof;any 

t  2043 
Keilock  f  1701,  1703 
Ketmia.  Bladder  3  425 
Kettle-dock  3  4«J 

Kick  im; -coll  123.88 

-horses  f  2388 

Kidney-bean,  Wild 

a  338 

Kidney-beau  Tree     294 

Kidney-root  3  .\"j 

-:,ort  11836 

A'illcow  '  .595 

■kid  f  2756 

-.•rci)7  f  l(i<)8 

King  cups     2  80,  f  1545 

-devil  3  284 

-nut  1  48(1,  f  1 154-1156 

-of  the  Meadow  f  3615 

King'sclover  2  274 

-crown  27^ 

■Line  f  2736 

■cure-all  f  2579 

-/'em  1 8 

Kinnikiniiik 

2  544,  572,  12717 
Kinorool,  Am.  12239 
Kisky-  Thomas  Nut 

f  11,50 

Kiss-me  ^2511 

Kiss-me-Dick        i  2337 

Kisses  f  251 1 

Kiiai>  2  276 

■bottle  f  1443 

Knapweed  3  492,  t  4080 

Knawel  a    41 

KniQht-cioss         f  1457 

Knight's-spur         3    ,59 

Knit-back  3    67 

A'noh-i; rass,  -root  i  3186 

-weed         3  492,  f3l86 

Kiiot-berry  3  2(k) 

Knot-grass  I  561;  2  501, 

f  229,  524 

m'ld's  I  I  V17 

Coast  i  1340 

(lerman  3    41 

Knot-root  {3186 

Knotweed  i  .5'ii-7 

Hi  tint;  t  1333 

Spotted  f  1327 

Knoiit-bci  ry  f  1892 

Kobresia  I  284 

Kochia  ,581 

Koeleria  194 

K(miga,  Seaside    2  153 

Korj-carpus  i  196 

Kosteletzkya  3  424 

Krameria  Family 

a  261 
Krameria  261 

Kraut-weed  t  1703.  17117 
Kyllinga  i  247 

Labrador  f  2742 

Labrador  Tea  a  557 
Lace-button  i  3823 

-ftower  f  2632 

Lad's  Love  3  464 

Ladies' -eardrop   12388 
■pocket  f  2388 

Ladies'-slipper 

1  457-9,  f  2288,  2388 


S7a 


ENCLIMI   INl)i:\,  INXI.fDlNC  roiTI.AK  1>I,.\NT  NAMES.      [Vou  III. 


Loiliri'slifif't  I- 

lh<U  II  V  i  KXi; 

I'liik  iir  I'm  fit'  '  l"*'i 
Lailii »-situifk        3  I .'> 

•  Horri'l  2  ^6,  f  .'js> 
-tobiicio  3  ,VK).  f  ,;>'5" 

Ladies' Trf-sts  i  470  2 

l.>uiv-l\yliitGi\le\  i.i'.6 

I.aily  fi  rii  i     j6 

liiiKiTS,   glove,  3  171 

•'.iiirel  .'   iii.s 

•  lliiiiiblf  3  171 
l.ady-iie-.ii  fadt  fv'*.'." 
I,ailys-(7(>r'(/'         f  .'.'^ll 

■iipiiib  2  5,11 

■I'lisiiioii  J  50,=;;  3  v>i 
■fiiii^ei  s  i  2o>'<4.  212: 
(lellKlit  i  45s 

-//il/r  f  45  s 

/i;c«  f  2i|n 

liiil  i  1(77 

inaiiile  2  2js 

-milk  ^  4ii'> 

iifi't//i:i  .>'  <•        f  Ji>_i4 
■nixlilcii)  3    2s 

■piiise  '175- 

■s/ims  i  1  v>i 

■s/iOfsitiul-s/i>ciiiii;s 

f  2vS\ 

-lliimblo  3  25; 

lliuiiib  I  5>s 

Liikru  I  fit  f  \',\j, 

Lambkill  2  563,  f  274S 

■/l/lfS  f  t,('(l 

•mint        3  119,  f  ■,I7( 

siR-klinst>  2  27<i 

Liliithi  i  2,^t<i 

Lanib'sivr.u  f  17. '5 

■fdllt  3    2i*i 

•U'ttiice  3  Ji>7,  245-6 
iinaitir-;  i  570 

f  104S,   1  ^7>,  , 
-succory  3  20=; 

■lull.'!  i  (16 

-totiKue        3  121.  2(17. 

f  I1112 

J.aiul-cii'ss    11711.  1725 

I.aiiKilebt-ef  3  207 

I.ap-liivf  2ti 

Larch  i     54 

lilac k  or  Red        i  1211 

I.areabel  3  422 

Lark-heal  '2    511 

Lii>k'$-clii:i'  i  i5'>2 

Larkspur  2  50-60 

A:ine  or  I>li(f_  i  1564 

Gulden  '  1  1562 

Nelsdiis  3  5r4 

I'laii  ii-  i  1564 

Lavrki.  Family    2    g5 

Laurel       2  563-4,  f  2757 

American  2  s»>4 

/iljr./iijrU'il/       f275" 

/?/«(-A-  f  244  I 

Deer  f  2750 

/Joi^  f  27(14 

Duarf  f  27s6 

Great  2  561 

I'londa  f  2~<?2 

C.rouiul  2  571 

Hairy  564 

Hone  f  2750 

Lady  2  405 

Mountain  S64,  f  2750 
Pale  2  564 

Sheep  56; 

Small  f  I5)().  2757 
Spurge  2  465,  f  2757 
Swamp  48,  564,  f  2441 
While  f  15.(0 

Wood  f2757 

Laurel  Magnolia    2    48 
Lavender-lhrift  594 

La:cyirs  i  197,? 


Lead  pl.uit  2   2>7 

I.i.il  illp  3  J'"! 

l.t.iUiel  //mV;  t25.\5 

llowtr        2  ii«i,  f  I5>'5 

leaf  2  570 

Leather  wood  (oo 

.Southern  .v**'i 

Leavcnwottlii.i  1  \\-s 

l.i'a-. ri   u  luiii  f  2i;,^ 

I.tdum  oil  2  s=.7 

Lenliwoit  3  .'■■; 

Leek,  Wild  I  41  j 

'/'iiiYr-\fcdi'd  f  iio2 

Liiliieiia  I    ),>>(i 

Lemon,  Wild  2     .12 

Gioiiiid  f  i'.)o 

Lenioii  b.ilm  3   11.7 

///)'  f.KIO 

liihiliii  f  ,^14  I 

nion.irda  3  i..; 

-:.  iiliiHl  f  1 150 

Lentil  2   (20 

//■(//<;•  f  sss 

Li,'/>,iid-fl. •:,,!■  i  io>2 

l.eopardV  bane  3  471 

L'.)vt(nhloa  I    l,"l2 

Lesiiiu-rella  2  i  \i< 

Leltiuc  3  27 ',-0,  2>^ 

.Arrow  leaved  3  271 

nine  -75  " 

Uinker  2  550 

K.iUe         3  275,  f  },i\\ 

Florida  3  27s 

Hare's  2-2 

Hairy  Wood  274 

Indian  2  550 

Lamb's  3  245-6 

J.r.ei :.  oil  f  2720 

Prick Iv  3  27; 

Ked  Wood  274 

.Sp;inish  2       ) 

T.dl  3271 

Tai;  Dine  270 

Tall  White  2X.S 

Western  27? 

White  3  2S().  21)1 

Wild    274,  f  2720,  VSC 

Wood  3  274 

Leueociiiuim  I  411 

Leucotlioi.'  2  566-7 

Lei-tru  ihhI  t  i2oS,  2535 

Lii'oi  lie,  Aiiiiiunii 

f  216? 

Willi  2  ;,io: 

3    221-2.  f  2(liN 

Liioruri  iti'l  i  2Ui,i 

Life  everlaslinif  3  4i'o 
I'raerantor  Sweet  401 

l.ife-tiiittnii  f  3(^51 
Lift  •>t'-iiiiin 

f  iSi  I.  1975,  2627.  5461) 

Li  ft- root  3  4'^o 

Lil.ic  2  'xHi 

Siniimer  i  i"i)o 

Liliaeopsis  2  521  ' 

L11.Y  I'AMII.V  I   4Io 

Lily              I  416.  f  1013 

.AsaClray's  i  41S 

.Ataniasco  441 

llt-ii:i'r  i  1527 

r.lack berry  i  45-, 

llulUiead  f  1527 

Canada  1  417 

Candina  41S 

Cliiilon's  f  1029 

CoilZ-ill  f  Io)l 

Corn  3    26 

Cow           2  42.  f  1545 

I)ay  I  4"  I 

l>oir.  //orse,  f  1527 

Puarf   Tiwer  f  u^^2 

Ka'^ler,  l-'airy,  f  1002 

I'icld  f  ii«i6 

I'laii.  tJz'i  1;  i  1069 

Flame  i  iihjj 


Lily 
J'log  i  1527 

Glade  f  1003 

Great  )'illou  f  15.U 
Gii'UHil  t  104^ 

Ginul'o  i  2520 

llai  :■!  <l  1  2115! 

I  ledRe  3  25 
Ihictilebi'i  I  1  I  1 003 
laineslou  11  f  3222-3 
l.niioii  i  >|i|o 
I. ml,-  Water  i  1526 
Mariposa  I  422 
.lA;i  f  1041 
M.adou  f  i,»/, 
Xihldim;  f  ioi<i  looS 
.\'('iilii  I II  i  1020 
Philadelphia  I  410 
Pond  2  42-4 
I'ltiti  le  f  10(13,  2520 
Rid  I  416  17 
A'oi  <■  f  1559.  I5>i 
Southern  Red  1417 
\ II like  f  lofVi 
Spider  { <)io 
5/>(7HC  f  1013 
Su  aiiifi  f  111(12 
Sliari-  f  (fss 
lifter         I  410.  f  i<KM 

/':,  arf  i  10S2 

Wild  f  i,«iS 

load  i  1531 

Trinity  f  10(6 

Trout  f  loi  2 

Turks-cap  i  4i,s 

■  lit  ad  f  in)8 

Walir  i  sso.  1534 

Western  Red       I  417 

/;•/(/,'(  f  1046 

White  Water  2  44-5 
ll'ild  (li;nii;e  f  i.r.^ 
Wild  Yellow  1417 
Wood 

I   416;  2   552,    f  1041 

Yellow    I  417,  f  loi  J 
Yellow  Pond     2  42-3 
Lily  bind  3    25 

Lii'v  111    run  \  AI.LKV 

I'VMII.Y      I   427 

Lilv-oftlitvalky      431 
I'alse  431 

II  lilt  i  ui2(i,  1034.  272.S 
Lime  Tree  2414,12111 

lilack  f  2)11 

l.iiiie:iorlrali-/itl\ 

f  ■4.SO 
Liniouillo  3  449 

Lin  2  3(8,  f  2412-13 

l.iiii.   Winn-  i  2(1 1 

I.I.VKK.N  I'AMIl.Y     2   413 

I.iiulin,  .-Vuierican     414 

Liiin  57.? 

Wire  3H3 

Lins-berry  5N1 

-Rowans  3  2,'<3 

l.iini  f  2(1  i-i  \ 

lllai'k.  ];ilo:i,   f  1541 

Soiitliri  n  f  2412 

White  l24>3 

Linseed  2  ^4.>v 

Lint  348 

l'"airy  351 

toady's  f  1477 

i.int-bells  2  34S 

l.in-li  i-e  f  2411 

Lion's-t'i/r  f  ,?ioS 

-foot     2  225;  3  288-90 

-heart  3  80-90 

-mouth  3  147,  171 

-siin/i  I  3240 

■tail  3  02-3 

-tooth  266.  271 

Lip-fern  i  ,^0-31 

Lipocarpha  275 

Lii/iiidambar        i  1880 


Liquorice 
.St  (■  Licorice 

Little  (;ood  2  379 

Lillte-l<ov'.\  Itieeclie's 

i  \iA) 

Little  fiotlom        i  21^6 
,1  aslieru  Oman  i  ^iiSnS 

Little  wale  3    (14 

Live  forever  2  105 

//■;/,/  f  1812 

Live  loii(f  2  165 

Liver-berry       i  1037-H 
•leaf  2  (15-6 

■lily  f  ic*9 

moss  f  1578 

Liverwort,  Noble  2    (>,5 
//<'u>7  1  1578 

Threeleaf  f  1578 

LizAKii's  Tail  Family 

1  4>2 
Luard's-tall  482 
Ldasa  Family  2  458 
Lobelia              3  257-61 

Bladder  pod  2(10 

Ilrook  2(x) 

Canby's  261 

Itowny  2,i9 

C.landnl.ir  2,m; 

<  '.reat  2.58 

Kalm's  2(io 

Nuttall's  2(il 

Pale-spiked  259 

Red,  .Southern,  25S 

Spiked  260 

.Swamp,  Water.  257 
Loco-vetcli,  Color.ido 

2  309 
Loco- weed  2  J09,  f  2055 

Stemlcss  v>9 

Woolly  bijS 
Loeust,  Ulack 

2   294,  f  2o(I 

Bristly,  or  Moss  2  205 
Claniniy  205 

Green  f  2121 

ilonev  2  200,  12021-3 
I'l'a-jlouer  i  2121 

Post,  or  White   1  2121 
Ked-Jto:Lerin)r 

f  2121-2 

Kiz'ef  1  2 10 1 

Kose-jlo:i  eriiig  i  2122 

Swam])  2  it-a 

Sweet,  Water,  2(ki 

Thorn  1  2041 

Y'ellow      2  29(.  1204(1 

Loeflinnia.  Texan  2    38 

Llk;.\ma  I'.VMILY      (K14 

Loffgerheads  3  492 

London  Lace  1  201) 

-pride  1  1466.  1471 

■lii/l  1  147! 

t,o\\^-beai  d  1  W4 

•moss  I  374 

Lonit  Purples  2  473 

l.onirshitcks  1  118 

LoosK.sTKii'E  Family 

2  463 
Loosestrife 
lUilbbcaring  5SS 

Creepinsr  589 

False         2  476,  1  255S 
Fringed  3  589 

(".olden  587 

Hy.ssop  471 

Kennedy's  472 

Lance-leaved  500 

Linearleaved  472.  591 
Pnriile  2  473 

Southern  590 

Spiked  47^ 

Spotted  588 

Swamp  471 

TrailinjT  590 

Tufted  591 


i^ 


[Vou.  III. 


Vor,.  III.]      I-NOMSM   INI)i:X,  INM.UDINi;  I'olTI.AR  I'LANT  N.WIKS. 


573 


il 


ice 

a  ,179 

f  i(i(V> 

til        i  a^'Ji 

omaii  i  .iw,i 

3    h^ 

i  i8i2 

J  165 

)'       f  10.17-H 

3  6,s-6 

f  K169 

Noble  2    (15 

All.  I'AMU.Y 

1  4SJ 

4!*-' 
Mll.Y        2   ^.SS 

3  257-c' 

1>0(1  2tlO 

260 
261 

2,=i<) 

ir  259 

2.S8 
21 10 

i  2ti| 

kc<l  250 

itln.111,        25S 
260 
Wall  r.       257 
1,  Culiirado 

2309 
.1  2  3>i9,  I  2055 
,V<) 
29S 
lack 

2    204,    f  211(1 

r  Mdss  2  jiis 
y  2115 

f  2121 
2  2(10,  f  2021-3 
cer  f  2121 

//■////(•    f  2121 
he  1 1  III!' 

f  2121-2 

f  2101 

i.Ttv/;/.!,''  f  2122 

2  2(X) 

Water,         2(10 

f  2cMI 

2  2g},  f  21146 
X.  Texan  2    38 

I'AMll.V       604 

ads  3  402 

Liiif  f  2CIO 

i  1466.  1471 

f  147! 

;  .f  f  (104 

1  374 
plis  2  473 
r*.t             f  1 1 8 

HIKE  I'AMII.V 

2  463 

fe 

.ariiig  5S8 

IS  ,   5^9 

2  476,  t  2558 

1  2  5^9 

5S7 

>  471 
[ly'»  472 
leaved  5Q«5 
leaved  472,  591 

2  47? 

rn  590 

47,? 

1  5S8 

>  47t 
t?  590 

591 


I.nilHestrifc 

Ulioiled  J  .«i«.«l 

Vcll.Av  ,sH7 

WiiiK  alibied  472 

I.mIiis,  .Ameiic.in  2     45 

lluiuy  273 

liidiiii  |fi 

I.opliiola  I  4)»i 

I.(i|iluitiicaiini'*  >7 

I.i)rsi:i:ii  1'amii.v  3  2iis 

I,i)li«ced  211.S 

Lotus  tree  f  2S31 

l..uisihci  i-\  liee  f  236> 

I.ini^euiirt  3  i,S4-(>,  3303 

Marsh,  Swam))  3  1S5 

Li'Vajfe,  SCdtL'h  2  .SKi 

Love-apple  3  1  ;7 

-jtr.iss  I  n7 

■  ttlldlli^lfd  f  1^13 

ill  iiiiiciiii  f  I><i6 

-/*(  :,  iiilir  f  2736 

•  ill  idleness  3   I5,s 

I.ovemaii  3  220 

I.uve-ine  ''i 

J.oiris  riiJ,  f  1327 

Love  roses  f  3433 

I.ovevine 

3  30,  f  I5S2,  2t)6t) 

/.ore's  test  f3S|8 

Lucerne  2  271-2 

I.udwiKia  477-4 

I.iidwiKiaiUlia  477 

Lungwort  3  .vj-'w 

/liit/oit.s  f  3229 

Cows  3  143 

French,  (ioldeii,     2>3 

Sea  -,>) 

Smooth  f3n34-^ 

Tree  3    (... 

I.nijine  2  ^i*\--o 

I'l  reniiial  t  2)57 

I.iisloorl  i  18..3 

I.yclniiH,  Arctic      2     15 

i:\eninK  13 

Nodiliiig  13 

Scarlet  14 

I.ynodesniia  3  276-7 

Lyie-liee  f  13)2 

Jiacounastnim        i  ,542 

.'ifaddpple  f  32:'2 

MADllKK  I'AMII.V  3   21  1 

Madder  219 

llhu-  rield  2211 

Wild         3  219,  f  ?t23 

Jl/cui-doir  lleed 

f  li'S  3"75 
Madderwoii.  3  212.  464 
Miulnep  2  514 

Madweed  3     71) 

J\/(id  ll'oiiiaii's  J/ili, 

f  23,12 

JIadwort 

2    I,S2,   f  1733,    I7S.'^ 

Cennan  3    61 

Ma  golly  Ilov  lieaii 

f  2033 
Magnolia  I'amu.v 

2    47 

Magnolia,  I'raser'.s      47 

Great-leaved  47 

I.anrel  4'< 

Mountain  4> 

Sii/a/l,i>:taiii/>,  f  1,540 

Mahaleb  2  252 

Utahoi^aiiy,  Irish  i  1223 

False  f  i()52 

Keiitiickv  f  2043 

Moil  II  tain  f  1215 

Mahonia,  Trailing  2    90 

Maidenhair;  see  l-"erii  . 

I  27,  f  1940,  2798 

Afaideii's-lears      i  1443 

Maid's  Hair  3  2H) 

Afaise  f  Mi>A 

Maize  Thorn  3  403 


Malicothrix  3  .70 

.Ifa/iee  f  241'! 

Mam.ciW  I'AMII.V  i  415 
Mallow 
liristly  fruited         \i\ 
C  minioii  2   (I'l,  f  .'(111 
(  '.nnitry  (  2{I5   I'l 

Curled  2  417 

Dwarf  4  If) 

luiiopeau  417 

l''a!«e  |.vi-i 

(dade  4J.. 

('dol)e         2  42;;  3  519 
IIlKh  2    ||o 

liidMil  422 

I.ow  410 

Mar-li  415 

Mu^k  417 

I'oppy  2   (i'*'9 

Kose  424-5 

RuuuitiK  11') 

.S:.aiN/'  f24U 

\'euice  2  425 

/'(■;  lain  i  2|ii) 

\'irniiiia  2   122 

Hater  f  2tU 

Wluirleil  2    117 

Afal/o:.  s,  JUiie       t  2(1'' 
/■a/se  f  2427 

f  lid  tan  t  2(27 

.Wa/teu   Cross        i  14:57 
Mandrake,  Wild 

2  92,    f  2010 
Manisuris  i  luo 

Manila  ^;t■ass 

«  211-13;  3  ,505 
.Tfaiiiia,  Poland  i  4111 
Mail  of  the  earth  3  23 
.1/(1//  root  f  20(5.  294"' 
Man's  Molliei  :ti>i  t 

f  23..( 
MAI'I.E  TaMILV  2  31)6 
Majile  2  397-400 

.\sh  leave  d  4ui 

Ji'aik  i  2377 

Hird'-'-eye  2   V)S 

//•/,),'.■  f  2375-6 

lilack  SuK'ar         2  ,',u"- 
Creek  f  2?72 

Curled  2  V^ 

Cut  /eared  i  2,;^m 

nruinmond's        2  30'^ 
l>uarf  3I/I 

C.oii-.e-foot  3<)9 

J/ard  f  2373-6 

/."-■'  {  2379 

.Ifoitse  f  2370 

Mountain  2   vxi 

Xortliero  f  237^ 

Nornav  2  .(ihj 

Red      ■  3)7 

Jiedi  irer  f  2372  ::3Sii 
Rirer  f  .•372 

Rock  2  39,S 

Rockv  Mountain    3<i<) 
Scarlet  307 

Slioe/iei;  f2?73 

Shriilihy  f  2,;77 

Silver  2  3g7 

Siliri-leaf         i  2^72 
Soft 

2  3<)7,  f  2373,  2377 
Strii)ed  2  3119 

Sugar  39.S,  4(X) 

Swamp 

2  397.  f  2372,  2379 
' '  pcamore  2  400 

'■  IVater 

2  397,  f  2372.  2379 
White  397,  f  2373 

Afarblcjiouer       f  165^ 
^^al■ell  i  2687-8 

Arard/hii;  f  SS8 

Mares-tail      2  501,  f  84 
Marigold 


M.innolil 
I'etid 
Mai-h 
Ravless 
W.itel 

ll'lol 


3  \'<\ 

2    M     2 

3  4.1^ 
440 
<  V1o,S 


M.irip  irtii  I.ily  t  422 

Marjoram,  I'ot  3111 

Wild  MI 

Afaikif  1 2353 

.l/<i>/-  ■.  <rd  1  2353 

A/ai  :<< I  ly  f  I37<i 

Marl  gras-   2  277,  f  2073 

Marram  I   l»i<) 

^(lI  ;'r(7.i;  f  J.V) 

>'.irrul)e  3    >( 

Mai>li  Vf/.V  f  I3'i 

-l>ei  I X  i  3-<n 

-(/"•■('<•  f  2SS9 

-elder  3  392-4 

-flcHwort  3  481 

■tire  'inner  i  1037 

■  lleahaiie  3  3i>''-7 

letid  i  3X39 

Spicy  3  yp 
M.ix>\\-i;eiiliaii 

i  2875.  2.8.80 

■fiilliflo:,er  f  1458 
■;jiass            I  175.  177 

-ho.irhouud  3  ii"l 

-holyidse  3  ^>>s 

-lousevvoit  3  185 

-mallow  2  415 

■  marigold  51-2 
-milknort  357 
-parsley  2  533-4 

i)LMiiiywort  5.19-41 

-pestle  i  136 
-pink                2  611-12 

-IV  1.1/  f  2827 
-rosemary  2  5o(,  {2767 

-satnphiic  l  5S2 

-tea  2  557 

-trefoil  Iij2 

■  tnrnifis  i  s-(i 

■  rule I  lan  i  ^(7  j 
-reed  'i^o 

.M.irslialli.i  3  44-, 
Mav-hh.cks,  Purple 

2  217 

Marshwoit  5M 
M.\ksii,i;a  TAiiiU-V 

I     33 
Marsilea  33-4 

Maiiinoe  *, 13*^9 

Marvel  3     ,^^4 

Masterwort 

2   514,  5,19.  f  26,16 

Imperial  f  2643 

Matfelon  3  4(12 

Mather  4^5 

Matrimony  vine 

"  3  13-.  f  1740 

Mat  weed  \  i6'i 

Maul  2  416 

Mau  -seed  t  ifi^s 

May  2  241 

May-apple  92 

-blot)  51 

■h/ossotns  i  1041 

-bush  2  241 

-cherry  237 

Mayllower  2  571,  f  14211, 

'5''Q.  1576.  1578-81, 

1724,  1M3.  2743 

May-gowan  3  350 

.Uaj'-^rass  i  459 

.\faylily  f  1041 

-fiear  i  1985 

-pops  2  457 

-rose  3  230 

-star  12822 

-:ciiigs  f  2288 

Mayaca  Family  i  367 

Mayaca  368 


M.iyweed  3  455 

Corn  43<) 

Mead  sweet  2  224 

Mi.MMiw  1Ii:aitv 

I'AMII.V  3   473 

Meadow  l>eauty      474  5 

.tfead,':,   bonis        t  1515 

-eai'/hige  f8S| 

-/("///  (  tiV),  ll6j 

/'/('.(  f  1159 

gow.iu  3     51 

Meadow  grass 

I  201-7,  21215 

Annual  i  2iM 

Arctic  215 

I'lat  stemmed  202 

I'owl  I  20s,  f  468,  4SS 

('.rove  1  207 

I'rairie  201 

Koinid  stalked     f  46,8 

Reed  I  312 

Roughish  204 

h'oiii;li-^lalked     i  468 

Sliorf. it, liked       f  421) 

Slendei  I   215 

Spreading  214 

Wavy  203 

Wood  305 

Afeado:.   nuts        i  11)37 

Meadow  jiarsiiip     2  5i,>< 

ICarly,  Coklell,        534 

Meadow  pink        2     1  (, 

full,   1470,  3747 

-queen  2  224 

Meadow  rue  S6-.8 

Fall  i  1038 

Slender  f  1633 

Tall  2  8s,  f  1637 

U'ax-leared       f  16^7 

ll'ind/lo:,er      f  15I0 

Meadow  sc.d)ish     3  367 

Meadow-sweet 

2  224,  f  ISS4,  18.S8 

American  3  196 

ISireli  ieaied      f  l8,Ss 

M'adow  wort  3  324 

M.akiii  f  21)17 

Meal  berry  2  572 

pi II  in  f  2776 

Meah  Star:,  oil    t  1023 

Mealy  T'c  3  23"! 

Media  Meek  23 

Afeelioaeanna        t  2045 

Afedaddi  -hush      i  3465 

Medic  2  271-3 

lilack  or  Hop  272 

I'nrple  272 

Toothed  272 

Spotted  373 

Medlar  2  237 

Meehania  3    86 

jreeting-lioiisei     i  I5,5>) 

Melami)odiuni        3  406 

Melantliium  i  407 

Melilot  2  275-4 

Melilot-trefoil  27J 

Afelinol-t'eiries        f  131 

Mentzelia  3  458-9 

Menziesia  562 

Mercury,  lilack     f  2353 

/Ciiglisti  i  1370 

Scotch  3  171 

Three-seeded  2   565-6 

Afereiiry-o  eed       i  229H 

Mermaid-weed       2  502 

Merry,  lUaek  Merry 

i  2021 
Mesquite,  Prairie  3  516 

( See  Grass  1 
Mexican-poppy      3  loi 
-tea  I  575 

Afe.vico-seed  f  2304 

Mezerkon  Family  " 

3  465 
Mezereou  465 


574 


ENCiLISII  INDEX,  INCU'DINC,  I'OITLAR  PLANT  NAMES.      [Vol..  nI. 


Mezereon 

Aiiurniin  t  25.^s 

Rlicriititlieiuum  3  i'i( 
Mi(lsi:iiimer-iiKn  2  ifvs 
MiGNONKiTic  Family 

2   I.s8 
MiKnoiutte  2  15S-9 


Mi 


Mik 

5.?.i 

Milfoil 

3  45.S 

Water  2  S03-5, 

f  i(.2r. 

Milk  Rowiin 

3  271 

crass 

,  '^^ 

-i/>i\<i(- 

;f  2. -,2: 

-maids 

*I7  4 

-pea                   3 

^^f,  " 

-purslane  2  ^7', 

f  2;,2i 

Milk-vetcli       2  2 

97-.V17 

Alpine- 

.V'l 

Arctic 

,^04 

Ascending 

21 K^ 

Hent 

,<'  '.< 

Canadian 

f  2  1  .^O 

Carolina 

2    2(1'^ 

Cooper's 

,(".S 

Drunimonil's 

2lW 

]'"lexile 

,l02 

Hoary 

M'7 

Indian 

^"^ 

Long-leaved 

,;<i5 

Loose-flowered 

;\os 

Low 

301 

Missouri 

301 

Narrow-leaved 

;<K) 

Notched  leaved      ,\'i2 

Platte 

21)7 

Prettv 

.V'\ 

Prickly 

.i'i*'' 

Purple 

299 

Racemose 

,?oo 

Kobbins' 

yn 

Sessile  tlowere 

1      ,V)(> 

Short's 

,^01 

Slender 

.V'2 

Tennessee 

2Ct.S 

Tufted 

.^■■6 

Two-grooved 

300 

MiLKWEKi)  Family 

3      4 

Milkweed    3  5-15,  272, 

f  2;,I4,  2321,  ,v-45 

Auricled 

3    15 

Bedstr.iw 

52" 

Blunt-leaved 

,s 

Broad-leaved 

s 

Common 

Hi 

Creepini; 

f  29111 

Decumbent 

3     l.^ 
i  2917 
3      6 

D-aayf 
Few-flowered 

Florida 

I,S 

Four-leaved 

111 

(ireen 

14 

Hairy 

- 

Low 

12 

Marsh 

*  X"5 

Mead's 

3      9 

Narrow-leaved 

14 

Oblong-leaved 

1,? 

Oval-leaved 

II 

Poke 

9 

Purple 

7 

Red 

6 

Jiuniiing- 

*  2933 

Sand 

3    1' 

Short-crowned 

II 

Showy 

10 

Sullivant's 

8 

Swamp 

7 

Tall 

9 

Thin-leaved 

12 

Trumpet 

274 

Wanden'iiQ' 

f  2S9.S 

White 

3      9 

Whorled 

12 

Woolly 

15 

Milkweed 

)  I llou-  f  290(1 

Mii.KwoKT  Family 

2  .^ss-f" 
Milkwort,  />'///<■/   f  z^X- 
Cross-leaved         2  357 
Curliss'  (SO 

Duaif  f  22NS 

I'ield  2  3SH 

I'ringed  3(11 

Loose-spiked  (S'-' 

Low  I'iuebarren    3,s(' 
Marsh  357 

Maryland  359 

Nultall's  339 

Orange  3,S«> 

Pink         2  35S,  f  22M7 
I'urple  2  3^8 

Racemed  360 

Sea  5(|2 

Short-leaved  337 

Tall  Pine  barren     35(1 
Wiiite  3hii 

Whorled  \s- 

Yillo-.v  f2'275 

Milky  Tassel  3  272 

Millet  1  iiii,  123,  127,  141 
UtiHiin-ciH  II  f  272 
Cal-lail  i  2.S3 

Doited  I   I  111 

Kiiyplian  i  223 

Oei man,  Golden 

f  2S3 

Hiiii!;arian  f  283 

Indian  *3i8 

Italian  I   127 

Tall  Ml 

U'liile  f  2ii()S 

i'illo:v  f  2069 

MiU-iiwuntain      i  2ihii 

Mimosa  Family  2  234 

Mimosa  23s 

Mingwort  3  4(14 

Minnie  Hiisli         i  2732 

Mint  1''amilv       3    74 

Mint 

,\mericau  Wild  3  122 

Apple  120 

Halm         3  1117,  f  3181 

Hergamot  3119 

Brandy  119 

Hrook  1 20 

lirown  110 

Cat  S6 

Corn  121 

Creeping  Wlmrkd 

3  122 
Crispedleaved  121 
Cross  121 

Cii'led  121 

Dog  ^,j'46 

Downy  Whorled  3  122 
Field  3  121 

F'isli  120-1 

(iarden  119 

Horse  3  io(,  116.  120, 
<3i.y.  3139 
Eiitopean       13177 
Oil  in  t  3 1 39 

Lamb       3  119,  f  3174 
Mackerel  3  j  19 

Marsh  Whorled      122 
Mountain 

3  102,  109,  II 1-5 
Our  Lady's  3  iiq 

Patagonia  ^3178 

Pepper  3  119 

Round-leaved  120 

Spear    3  iiy,  f  3183-4 
Squaw  3  106 

Stone  116 

Water  ijo-i 

W'horled  122 

Wild  3  120,  122 

Woolly  120 


.'iHssii'ii'iry-ueed  f  35()4 
Mne-bhihs  f  1543 

.!//(/  i  1464 

Mist  flower  3  313 

MistL!;tui:  F'amii.y 

1  53 » 
Mistletoe  I  335;  2  5>hS 
Misseymoosev  i  1^75 
Milreworl  2  iSo,  181,  (riO 

I'alse  2  178 

Moe  isin  Flower   1  437 

)V/A'.,  f  1002 

Mock-apple  3  231 

-Bishops-weed    2  53S 

Moek orange      2  i^s-O. 

f  2S20,  2S36.  31S7 

-uillow  i  iS,S< 

Mocker  nut  i  486 

Modesty  2  529,  f  2437 
Moeliringia  2     3^ 

Moliau  k-ueed  i  <.f<(, 
Mi'Idai'ian  Ilaliii  {31.07 
Mole  i)laiit,  tree  2  377 
Moliiiia  I   1S7 

Monarda  3  104 

Moiie\'-!;yas!  1 33.',i) 

plant  f  1740 

Monevwort  2  389 

Prairie  301 

Monkey  flower  3  137-8 
Monkfv-niit  Trcct  241 1 
Monkey's  I'ace  2  43s 
Monk's. head  3  271 

Monkshood  2  61,  f  1669 

'/'railing  f  156S 

Monk's  A'/uibarh  f  130(5 
Monniera  3  i6ii-i 

Monolepis  1  377 

Monlia  2     4 

Moon /crii  I  3 

Moon-flower 

3  457,  f  28?9 
Moon-fiiiit  Ptni:  189 
Moon  penny  3  457 

MouNSEKli  1''AMIL\' 

2  9.^ 
Moonseed  04 

Red-'orrried  f  1648 
Moonshine  34011,  f  3831 
Moonwort  I       3 

Cut  Uaved  3  494 

Moor  2  573 

Moor-berry  381 

■grass  f  9(19,  1803 

Moorwort  2  568 

Afoose-tmsli.    berrv 

f  34,n 
Moose- Ivlr.i  i  325 

-iiiisse  f  197s 

-wood  2  399,  466 

Mo  I  a  ss-:ceed  '1536 

Morel  3  131 

Petif  i  2027 

Morgan  -.  435 

Dutch  437 

Morgeliue  170 

Afonuon-u  ef(/       f  2430 

MoRNINl,  (ILORV 

I'AMILV      V,      19 

Morning  glory    3  .'2-24 
Bush  24 

nuarf  f2953 

Ivy  leaved  3     24 

Pink  23 

Red  22 

White  23 

White  Star         f  2946 

Atorocco,  Kcd        f  1669 

Afortifuation-rool 

f  2414 

MosciiATEL  Family 

3  242 
Mosehatel  243 
Afoss,  Black            1 904 

Club  I  40-43 


Moss 
Cypress  f  94 

Thiar/Cliib  f  09 

Fir  i  83 

I'lorida  I  374 

I'lowering 

2  5S;,;  f  1817,  2979 
( ".olden  2  166 

ilroiind  t  2494 

Haiii;inii  f  004 

Iceland  f  1818 

//•/.(//  f  2337 

A'rntncil'  i  1437 

Long      '  1  374 

Jfonntain  f  100,  1813 
Pixie  f  2803 

Pricklr  Club       f  100 
Pock-  '  f  1817 

Pose  i  1437 

Panning,  Snake,  i  96 
Spanish  f  ()o4 

Stain's  Horn  i 96 

Tall  i  181 ? 

Tree  f  88,  2337 

Moss-berry  2  581 

-bush  f  2761 

-campion  2      S 

-crop  f  638,  643 

-locust  2    293 

-'(//'//('« (melon) f  2799 
-phlox  3    36 

-pink  3  36,  I  14-to 

-plant  2  363 

-rose  f  2426 

Mossy  Stonecrop   2  166 
Mother-of-thousands 

3  144 

-of-tliyme     3  109,  113 

•of  wheat  3  170 

Mothers-heart       2  139 

Motherwort 

3  93,  466,  f  3613 

Golden  3  403 

Hoarhound  93 

Man's  i  2304 

Siberian  3    03 

Mountain  Ash        2  233 

plderleazvd     f  1976 

5Iountain-joy  3  110 

-laurel       2  564,  f  2750 

-mahogany         f  1215 

Mountain-mint 

3  102,  109 

.\wned  3  113 

Basil  113 

Hairy  Iia 

Hoary  1 14 

Hyssop  113 

Narrow-leaved        iii 

Sliort-toothed  113 

Southern  114 

Thin-leaved  115 

Torrey's  112 

Virginia  H2 

White-leaved  114 

M(miitain- ;■/(■<•  i  139-40 

■snou'  i  2322 

■s:ccet  f  2396 

-tea  2  372 

Jlouse-ear    3  61-2,  402. 

521,  f i486 

Spring  2    23 

Virginia  f  ,3023 

-chickweed      2  25-28 

Water  20 

Afoiise-ears  f  1578 

Mouse-ear  Cress     2  146 

Mouse-milk  379 

Mouse-tail      2  71,  f  336 

/kittle  f  1593 

Afoiise-lhorii         i  4080 

Afouth-root  i  1351 

Afoxie-berry         i  2798 

Afuckueed      f  159,  1339 

Mud-flower  3  163 


Vol.  III.]     ENC.LISH  INDEX,  INCLl'DINC.  rOI'UL.^R  I'L.VNT  NAMES. 


575 


f  94 
lib  fQ9 

f  SS 

1  374 

f  1817,  2970 

2  166 

f  2494 
f  904 
f  1818 
*  2,1S7 
^  1437 

1  374 

t  f  Kio,  i8n 
f  2803 

7ii/>       f  100 

fi8,7 

f  1437 

,  Siiair,  i  96 

f  <P4 

i;«  f  96 

f  1813 

f?8,  2337 

2  5S1 
12761 

2      8 
*  63S,  643 

2  295 
iielon)f  2799 

3  3(i 
3  .36,  f  i44<5 

2  565 
f  2426 

ccrop  2  166 
liousands 

3  144 
■     3  ":'9.  n.'i 

3  17" 
-art       2  139 
t 
(,  466,  f  36 1 5 

3  4'>3 
tid  93 

f  2304 

3  03 
Vsh  2  233 
rtra'  f  1976 
oy         3  no 

2  564.  t  2750 
»/i'  f  1 215 
iiint 

3  1112,  loq 

3  113 

113 

112 

114 

113 

eaved        1 1 1 

)tlieil         ii,S 

I  "4 

red  115 

112 

112 

iived  1 14 

riiC  I  139-40 

i  2322 

f  2396 

2  ,S72 

3  61-2.  402. 

521,  f  t4S6 

2    25 

a  i  3023 

■ed      2  25-28 

20 

.f  i  1578 

Cress     2  146 

k  370 

2  71.  <  .336 

t  1593 

rii         f  4080 

'/  i  1.S51 

-»^'         f  2798 

f      f  159.  '3.S9 
:r  3  163 


Mud-]ilantain  i  3Sn 

-purslane  2  437 
■weed,  or  -wort  3  i(>5 

MuKget,  Mugwet.       227 

Mugwort  3  464-7 

Coninion  466 

Cudweed  4(17 

Kansas  4(16 

Long-leaved  467 

I'rairie  467 

.Saw-leaf  467 

Western  467 

MiililenberKia  i  142-6 

MDLIIICKKV  I'AMII.V 

1  ,S27 

JInll)erry  i  52S-9, 

f 1237.  1S90,  i^9J, iSu7 

Heriiiiiila  f  3068 

I'"rencli  3"    74 

O/a/ui/e  f  1260 

Mullen  3  143-4 

Siii^f-tfit/  13105 

Mullen-pink  2  16,  f  14^8 

^rllU■  i  241  s 

II  'ild  f  2249 

Mtisk  crowfoot       3  243 

-flower  159 

-plant       3  139,  f  2418 

-root  3  243 

Miislcral-:tiitl       11638 

Mustiuasli-root        2  336 

-pitison  i  2691 

-ured  i  1638 

Musineon  2  527 

MUSTAKl)  I'a.mily 

2  iu8 
Mustard 

Ji'iii/  i  1754 

Jilack  2  nS,  f  1707 
Ca/i/orniii  t  1696 
Dish  i  1692 

False  i  1796 

Garlie  2  115 

Hedge  2  116,  144 

Indian  n.'< 

Mitliridate  111 

Oiaiiiie  f  1786 

Poor  Mail's  f  i(>95 
Tansy  2  145 

Tower  150 

Treacle  2  151;  3  515 
White  2  117 

Wild  119 

Wormsecd  151 

Myagruin  2  139;  3  514 
.1/t'  Lady's  licit  i  I9,S4 
Afyriadleaf  i  2618 

Myrtle  3      2 

'/iofr  f  1159,  2889 

lUirren  (not  "Bar- 
ren ")  2  572,  f  1159 
Caiidlfbci  ly  f  1160 
Diitcli.  Moor,  i  1159 
Running  3      2 

Sand  2  562 

Sued  f8S^ 

.Vyr lie-flag-  v  883 

-grass,  -sedge.  t  883 
Mj'slerioiisJ'laiil  i  2534 
Naias  i  80-81 

Nailwort 

2  39.  f  1755.  "7fio 
Naked-weed  3  270 

Nama  3  49-50 

Nanny-berry 

3  232.  f  3443.  344,S 
■bush  3  232 

-plum  f34i4 

Nap-at-noon 

3  269,  f  1019 
A'ape  f  1704 

Napoleons  2  176 

A'aliiral-grass  1  2065 
Naliire's-iiiintake  i  2712 
Navarrctia  3    42 


Xaz'elhiirl  i2ii\~.  2703 
Navtw,  Wild  2  1  m 
Necklace-poplar  1  493 
iVetilace-need  1  1555 
Neck  weed  3  169,  f  1262 
Needle-chervil       2  531 

-and  till  eud        f  1027 
A'eedle'it  oil,  Oiii'cii's 

~       i  1883 
iVeele  f  522 

Xegro-viiie  '  2933 

Nehinibo.  Amer.  2  45 
Nemastylis  i  452 

Neniopliila  3    45 

Nep  ^6 

.\er:r-rool        i  11189-90 

II  alt  r  t  21105 

Neslia  2  140 

jVesl-ivol  i  2739 

Nestronia  3  513 

NKTTI.E  I'AMILV     1   530 

Nettle  I  531-4 

lice  3    1)5 

lUiiid  3  ii2,  95 

Jill  1 1  f32i3 

Jill  riling  f  1265 

Canada  i  1267 

Hay  3  94-5 

Dead,  Dog,  Dumb, 

3  92-4 

Deaf  .,4-5 

Huaif  fij65 

I'alse  I  534 

J'lou  (ring  f  31 117 

I'rench  3    94 

C.reat  i  531 

Hemp  3    92 

Horse  135 

Slender  i  531 

Small  I  5 '2 

Spurge  2  3(19 
Stinging 

I  53';  3  92.  *  '265 

St  i  Hi;  less  i  1268 

Tall  Wild  f  1264 

Weak  I  532 

Wood  5V^ 

Set  lie- potato  f  23116 

Nettle-tree,  Amer.  I  526 

JVetnui  t  f  1 132 

New  Jersey  Tea  2  4117 

.Xicnar-trec  i  2043 

Nigger-head 

3  416,  f  1054 

JVigger-Tceed  f  3615 

Nightshade  3  137 

American  »  1415 

Beaked  3  136 

Hlack  134 

Hindweed  2  499 

Cut-leaved  3  135 
Enchanter's  2  49(1-500 

Fetid  3  13S 

Ciarden  134 

Melon-leaved  136 

Silver-leaved  135 
Three-leaved 

1  435,  f  1043 

Torrey's  3  136 

Woody  137 

Nimble  Kate  252 

Ninebatk  2  195 

yinety-kiiot  i  1337 

Nipple-wort  3  262 

Dwarf  265 

'  Nohle-pinc  i  2736 

Nit-weed  2  436 

Noah's  Ark 

I    457,    f  I(K12 

Nondo  2  519 

None-so-pretty 

3  41X),  f  1450,  2511 

Nonesuch  2  272,  f  1457 
Jilack  i  2065 

iriiile  f52i 


Noon-flower  3  269 

Noontide  269 

Nosebleed  3  455,  f  1047 

Notholac-na  i    32 

A' II  Its  ^3393 

JVnrsc-garden       i  1982 

Nut-grass  i  240-1,  f  565 

Nut-rush  I  2M-3 

Niiltall's-uced      i  3927 

Nyctelea  3    45 

Oak  I  516-23 

Uarren  i  518,  f  1234-6 

Uartram  1  519 

Hasket  S22 

He.ir  518 

/.'///(•;•  f  1 2  u 

lilack 

I  517,  f  122S.  1231 
D:iai/  fi234 

I'.lack-Jack 

1  518,  f  1236 

Jilack-Scriib       1  1234 

JJliic  i  1243 

Jio.r  11 '/lite         f  1241 

Ilrasli  f  1241 

Bur  I  521 

Cliaiiipion  f  1228 

Chestnut  I  522-3 

J)uar/  fi248 

Suanip  f  1 546 

)/•////(■  fi246 

)'ello:f  i  1247 

Chinkapin 

I  523,  f  1247 
Cow  I  522 

Duck  i  1236 

Jtyei's  i  1237 

Golden  f  3307 

J  Jolly  f  1 234 

Iron  I  520.  f  1235 

Jack  f  1239,  1235 

Jerusalem 

I  574,  *  1373 
Laurel  519.  f  1239 

l.ca  f  1239,  note 

Live  I  523 

]Mossy-cup  521 

Mountain  f  1246 

Over-cup  1  521.  f  1243 
J'eacli  fi237 

Pill  1  S16.  f  1247 

rui-J-on  2  388 

I'ossinn  i  1236 

Post  I  520-1 

Punk  11236 

Quercitron  x  517 

Red  I  516,  f  1231,  :233 
J\'ock  i  1246 

Rock  Chestnut    i  522 
Hough,  Rouglt  uliile 
i  1241 
Riinninq:  ll'liile 

i  1248 
Sand  /lick  i  1237 

Scarlet  i  517 

Scrub  I  518. 

f  1243,  1247 
Scrub-Chestnut  i  523 
.Shingle  520 

Shrub  i  1247 

Spanish 

I  518,  f  122S,  1231 
Spanish  Water  {1253 
Spotted 

f  1232,  1230,  1236 

Slave  i  1240 

Swamp        I  516,  521, 

f  1 238,  1 244 

■chestnut         f  1*45 

Spanish  i  1229 

-white  1  521 

-post  f  1242 

Tan-bark  i  1246 

Texan  Red  I  517 

Turkey      i  1233,  1241 


Oak 
Water 

I  519.  f  1229,  123S 

Water  U'hite     f  1242 

White  I  520-1,  f  1241 

Afussy-cup       f  1243 

Willow     I  519,  f  1238 

Yellow  I  522 

■chestnut         f  1247 

}'ello:i'-bark       f  1232 

Oak-fern  1     19 

Oat  I  172-3 

l''alse  171 

Uai'er,  or  Poor  i  395 

Purple  1  172 

.Sea,  or  Seaside       198 

Smith's  172 

Wild        1  173,  f  986-8 

Oat-grass  i  138,  17? 

Black  138 

Jloziiiy  f  ,^90 

False  f  396 

Golden  i  391 

Tall  i  396 

Obedient-plant       3    89 

Ohio  Cucunia       i  1544 

Oil-nut  I  4S4,  537 

Oilplant  t  2304 

-seed  Siberian  i  1753 

Olcolt-rool  f  131 1 

Old  Goose  f  1089 

Old  Maid's  Bonnets 

2  269 
-nigh/caps         f  2239 
-pink  2  18,  f  1438,  1450 
Oldenlandia  3  215 

Old  J^ield-siveet    f  3800 
Old     Ladies'    Clothes- 
pins f  3944 
Old  Man  3  464 
Old  Man's-beard    2  61)3 
■Jlanncl                f  3229 
-;■()()/                     f  2627 
Oleander,  Wild    i  2544 
Odcaster  Family 

2  466 
Oleaster-tree 

Wild  f  2537-8 

Olive  I'amily      2  6(x) 
Olive,  Spurge  465 

Olive-tree 

Wild      12537-8,2833 

One-be rrv     i  1255,  3404 

One-blade  f  103.4 

One-leaf  f  1034 

Onion,  Wild      1  413-1"; 

Jlog  i  8,  876 

Shore  i  993 

Oonopsis  3  327 

Open  Goztan         i  J545 

Opium,  Wild  3  274 

Opossum-tree        f  i8So 

Opuntia  2  464-5 

Orache  1  578-9 

Orange,  Spring     i  2834 

Wild         2  506,  f  2270 

■  blossom  f  1047 

Orange-Jlozrer  Tree 

f  1863 

Orange-grass  2  436 

Orange-root      2  50;  35 

Climbing  f  2370 

Orchid  Family    i  456 

Orchis  I  459-66 

Bog  I  461,  462 

Jjracled  Green  f  1103 

Crane-fly  1  480 

Crested  Yellow      464 

Diuarf  f  1098 

Feather-leaved  f  1108 

Fen  I  477 

Flaming  f  1112 

Fringeless  Purple 

I  466 
Gay  f  1094 


576 


ENGLISH  INDEX,  INCLLlJlNC.  I'Ori-LAR  PLANT  NAMES.       [Vol.  III. 


i 


Orchis 

lit  en/  Ptir/'/t'  f  1113 

(innnsli  f  1 105 

t'.rttii  \Vo(i(l  I  4t)i 
■/')  iiiiifit     f  iux)-iii 

Cii t-en  Rein  f  1105 

HoDkers  i  4'u 

11,'at-atl  i  nxitj 

Leafy  C.rcen  i  V'~ 

LoiiK  I'racli-d  46,1 

Miijilou    I'iiik  f  IIII 

Noillicrn  Bog  461 

-f;rtin  f  iidh 

-uliile  f  iioi 

OiieUaved  f  iCKiS 

I'iiik  F)i>ii;cd  f  1112 
Prairie  Wlutefriiigtd 

Pmiclnriii-llu- 

Piiljnl  f  109  ( 

I'll  I  flit-  i  1004 

I'm pU'-f ringed  i  4()() 

Early  f  1111 

RaKKcti  I  4'>5 

■/riiii^cii  i  lli)f) 

/"«■/«     '  f  llcll 

CillYll  f  Ilci,S 

Roiitid  leaved       i  461 

Small  4(X) 

Showy  1  459 

Small  I'ale  C.recii  4(14 

■  luii-leai'ed      f  1097 

Southern  White     462 

Yellow  I  41)3 

.Sfriiii;  f  10Q4 

Tall  While  Hog  i  402 

Talle>vd-/i  higci  mi 

Tlirei-loolhed     fiuvj 

Tubercled  i  404 

■n<  o4i\ivcd 

l.aii^c  f  liii/i 

Siiitill  i  io<)7 

While  frinjred     i  405 

Yellow-fringed       404 

)•,//.'.•.■  fllci5 

Oregon-,i,'';(7/>f        f  1042 

-tobaeco  3  244 

Oreocarya  5S-9 

Organs,  Organy  1 1 1 

OKl'INH  1".\MILV      2    Ifl? 

tJrpine,  .American      ifi.s 

iiaideii  f  iSii 

Orthocarpus  3  :,»;i 

Oryzopsis  i  141 

Osaffi-  f  1259 

(.)sage  orange  i  529 

-(//</>/(•  f  1 259 

Osier  i  496-,';oi 

I'diiliiinii  f  I IQ4 

Ciolden      i  49'i,  f  li.=;9 

fiireii        f  2713.  2720 

/?(■</  "f2-i4 

Slai;\i-head         f  1177 

I'eizrl  i  1 194 

Jl'liile  f  2766 

Ostrich  fern  i      9 

Oswego  Tea  3  102,  f  31,33 

Onr  Lady's  mint    3  119 

■  hfdslra;,-  f  34oS 

-thistle     3  493,  f  4074 

Ouler  fi223 

Owl's  Crown   3  393,  403 

Oxadoddy  i  3299 

Oxalis      '  2  3'45-7 

Ox-halm  13186 

Ox-eye        3  412-13.  450 

('.real  White        3  4,57 

Sea  421 

Ox-eye  Daisy  3  416.  457 

Oxford-weed  3  144 

Oxtongue,  Bristly    267 

Ox-wort  470 

Oxypolis  2  513 

Oxytrope  2  307 -g 

Hilveiy  I2161 


( )yster-i)lant      3  ,S9,  269 

-root  269 
I'addook  ))ipes 

2  501,  f  So,  ,82 

Padelian  2  225 

Pdimhi  iisli  i  24i<> 

Paiiit-iool  f  U161 

I'ainted  Cup      3  170-^0 

I'al,-  t  3t2i 

Palm.i  Chrisli  2368 

I'ahyu  ill :  f  1543 
Panicum.  l'anir-,i;rass. 

Agrostis  lik.'  i  113 

Aineric.m  3  499 

Atlantic  500 

Barlieil  i  120 

Beaked  113 

liiekneU's  3  S'M 

Itil'tr  f  271 

Hl.i.it  1  114 

Bntto'i's  3  497 

DilTuse  I  124 

Katon's  3  499 

I'lalStciutncd  i  24.1 

('•aping  1  114 

Ciihbnns  125 

Hairy  121 
llairy-panicled   3  49H 

Hemlock  4111) 

Hispid  I  iiS 

Large  fruited  117 

Lax-flowered  119 

Lieberg's  3  497 

Linear-leaved  5cio 

Long  I   115 

Long-leaved  IK) 

A.iD.w  f  243 

Narrow  I  114 

Narrow  leaved  122 

Nash's  3  407 

Nerved  501 

Noithcrn  i  iii) 

Porter's  117 

Ked-tof,  f  240 

Rigid  3  soc) 

Round  fruited  i  no 

Scribner's  iis 

Sea  Ixacli  ijj 

Sliiiiing  120 

Short-leaxcd  3  4q9 

Slender  1   iiS 

.Small  (  260 

Small  fruited  i  116 

Siihagiuim  3  40^ 

Si)reading  i   123 

Starved  121 

Tall  Smooth  122 

Variable  117 

Velvety  121 

Warty  1 25 

Werners  3  51  n 

Wilcox's  1  119 

Wiry  l.>4 

Wood  1 24 

Woolly  3  4i>>< 
Pansy  2  453,  t  2492 
Papaw,  North  Am.  2    49 

Paper-mulberry  1  329 

Papoose-root  2    01 

Paradise-plant  463 
i'urji;i(ay  (  /i;/.s^)  f  3442 

Pari'lla.'}c-'llo:f  (1649 

Parosela  2  2S7-8 

Low  3  517 

Parsley               2  516-17 

Beaked  328 

Common  333 

Dog's  320 

False,  Fools  320 

Oarden  333 

Hemlock  512 

Marsh  53?-4 

I'oisoii  12684 

Sand  2  325 

Sea  319 


Parsley 
Sfynlled  f  2684 

ll'ild  i  26110 

Parsley-breakstone  223 
-pierl  2  223,  f  1324 
-vlix  2  223 

Parsnip  2  314.  f  2632 
Cow  2  314 

Meadow  334 

Water  2  3;2,  338 

Wild  314.   f  2083,  261)4 

Parlheninm  3  41 1 

Auricle<l  321 

Partridge-berry 

2  372;  3  216 
M'luiitaiii  1279'^ 

Partridge  pea  2  258 

-vine  3  210 

Pasiialum  i  105 

CiliateUaved  107 

Crab-grass  kkj 

Field  loS 

Flat  loo 

I'lorida  118 

Joint-grass  106 

Long-stalked  108 

Slender  107 

Tall  107 

Walter's  106 

Water  1 06 

Pasipie  llowei  2     67 

I'.\ssi(1N-h'l.(i\vi;R 

l'.\Mii.v  2  457 

Passion  flower  437 

Passioiii  f  130*) 

Paliciui'.  Gal  Jen 

f  1306 

Paulowiiia  3  137 

Paul's  lietony        3  168, 
f  .V7"-  ,^291 

Paiiion  f  1013 

Pi;.\  I'.VMil.v  2  262 

Pea.  lieacli  330 

Jlird-rx,L;  f2i3o 

/iiift'alo       f  2123.  2205 
Butterfly  2  333 

Canada  i  2204 

Cat  2  326 

Cow  34(5 

Craw,  or  Mouse      y^? 
Crow  2   u'l),  3S3 

l-;verlastiiig 330,  f  2210 
Heart  2  40 ^ 

Hoary  292 

Jleadow  332 

Milk  335-6 

Myrtle  leaved   Marsh 

2  3.V 
Partridge  23s 

I'idaloe  f  2227 

Rabbi:  f2ii7 

Sea-side,  Se.i       2  :^\> 
-everlasting         330 
.Scurfy  2  280. 

f  2aS8,  2o'jo 
Sensitive  2  237-8 

Squirrel,  Ground 

f  1643 

Trailing  f  2227 

Turkey      i  1670,  21 17 

Veiny  2  330 

Wild   2(19,  f  2' ■35,  2217 

Wild,  Sweet        2  292 

Peanut  313 

Hog,  or  Wild  334 

Pitchers  334 

Pea-lree  i  2124 

Pea-vine       2  326,  f  2223 

Peach  2  234 

Peaelr.ior!  f  1327 

Pear,  Choke  2  "234 

Juice  f  1983 

"Swamp  Sugar     3  238 

Wild  i  1983-6 

■  Indian  {  1985 


Pearl 

*,?</> 

Pearls  I'/'.S/ia  in 

f  1022 

Pearl-plant 

3  63-4 

PearUvort             3 

29-30 

Pearly  Everlasting 

3  4'o 

f  3S4S 

Peal:,  red 

f  2,544 

Pebble-vetch 

2  328 

Pecan 

I  484 

Jliller 

'  1153 

Pedis 

3  454 

Pedicularis          3 

1S4-7 

Peg-wood 

2  ,^9.5 

Pellas 

416 

Pelican-flou  er 

f  1281 

Pellitory       i  334 

3  4S''^ 

Bastard,  Wild 

jr  Eu- 

ropean 

3  4.54 

Pellitory  of  Spain 

2  31.5 

Pencil-flower 

312 

Decumbent 

3  5'7 

Pencil-tree 

3  .m 

-  :i  1  ii  <d 

i  >.3.^ 

Penny  cress 

2  114 

Peuny-llou  er 

f  1740 

■lie'dMe 

i  l6i)3 

Penny-john 

2  Ai.\ 

Penny-grass 

3  1S7 

Penny  Mountain 

115 

Pennyroval 

i^i,  122, 

f  .SLS.S 

American 

3  111*' 

Bastard 

78 

Drummond's 

106 

False 

/  / 

Mock,  Rough 

106 

Wild 

121 

Penny.pi>.<:l 

12706 

Pennywoil  2  620 

3  144 

Marsh               2 

3.V1-41 

Pepper,  Poor  Man's 

2  111, 

f  1S13 

ll-a/er 

*  I5.V? 

ll'ild  i  1040.  2334.  2^96 

Pepfieraiid  .Sa/Y 

f27.K) 

Pefifierbusli 

f  2771 

Sweet                 2 

54'*-') 

iriiile         f  276 

>.  2771 

Pef/ier  eiofi 

f  1813 

Pepper-grass 

2  110-12.  f 

10S3-4 

Apetalous 

2  1 12 

Kujiliih 

f  K.84 

(lardeu 

2112 

( "loldeii 

112 

Narrow-leaved 

1 1 1 

Roadside 

III 

Town 

1 12 

Wild 

1 12 

Pepperidge 

i  517 

-bush 

90 

Peppermint 

3  1 19 

Pepper  l<!anl 

f  ny 

'1,  17.52 

Pepper-root         2 

ni-3 

-turnip 

f  876 

-vine 

2  412 

-wood 

•      .35.i 

Pepperwoit 

3    110 

(see  Peppergrass) 

Perilla 

3  123 

Periwinkle 

2 

Small 

f  2894 

Persian-berry 

I  2395 

Persicaria 

»  555 

llilint; 

f  i,U^ 

liiistly 

I  559 

Carey's 

559 

Dcnse-flowerec 

5.56 

Dock-leaved 

557 

Hart  Wright's 

556 

Lady's  Thumb 

558 

Long-styled 

558 

Opelousas 

559 

'i 


:li 


[Vol.  III. 

Pain     i  11122 
3  ''.V4 

irlastiiip 
3  4'0,  f  3*<l8 
f  2.S44 

2  ^28 

1  484 
f  1153 

3  454 
i          3  'S4-7 

2  395 
416 

uer      f  1281 

I  534.  3  45!^ 

Wild  or  liu- 

3  454 
f  Spain 

2  5'5 

3  5"7 
3  394 

2  114 
f  1740 
f  1 605 

2  433 

3  >87 
115 

<  3"  55 

3  "* 

7» 

106 


I'er 
ent 


ss 
■ver 

n 

SI- 

lUiitain 
\\ 

<7,  >". 
in 

ond's 


{oiigli  106 

121 

,7  f  2706 

t  2  6jo;  3  144 

2  53<)-4i 

'oor  Man's 

2  111,  {  1813 

i  1333 

1.140.2534-  ^30 

u/  .Si;//     f  2709 

i/i         1 2771 

2  54"*-') 

f  2766.  2771 

('/>  f  1813 

rass 

1 10-12.  f  ioS,3-4 


lUS 

/( 


-leaved 
de 


S^ 


int 
/an/ 


2   1 12 
f  1(^84 

2  112 
112 
HI 
III 
I  12 
112 

i  547 
90 

3  ng 


ool 

A 


i  1333.  1752 
2  ni-3 
f  876 
2  412 

.     35,S 
2  no 


oit 
sppergrass) 

3  123 


ile 

■  hfiry 
ia 


-flowered 

leaved 

iVright's 

B  Thumb 

styled 

usas 


2 

f  2804 

i  2595 

I  555 

i  1333 

I  559 

559 

5.56 

5.57 

5.56 

558 

558 

559 


Vol.  in.]     ENGLISH  INDEX,  INCLUDING  POPULAR  I'L.XNT  NAMES. 


577 


Persicaria 

Pale 

Pennsylvania 

Slender  Pink 

Soutlnvesterii 

Swamp 

Water 
Persimmon 
PetiiApl^/e 
Pestilence-wiirt 
Peter's-StafT 
Pe/iy  More/ 
Petunia 
Peucedanum 
Pe-.i/fi-uor/ 
Phacelia 

Covi  lie's 

Crenate-leaved 

Franklin's 

Frinpred 

Hairy 

Loose-Hi'wered 

Mountain 

Pursh's 

.Silky 

Small-flowered 
Pheasant's-eye       2 
Phippsia  I 

Phleuin.  Mountain 
Pin.o.\  Family     3 
Phlox  3 

Chiokweed 

Cleft 

Crawling 

Downy 

Douglas' 

Garden 

Hairy         3  34, 

Hood's 

Kelsey's 

Moss 

Mountain 

Prairie 

Smooth 

Wild  Blue 

//  'ooii<: 

Yellow 
P/it/iisic-ueed 
Phyllanthus 
Physalis 


1  557 
557 
557 
5.58 
556 
555 

2  597 
I  ,3222 

3  470 

X  '■*■' 

1  2627 

3  141 

2  515 

f84 

3  46 

48 
46 
47 
49 

48 

47 
49 
48 
46 
47 

2  89 

150 
148 
31 
32 
35 
35 
35 
34 
37 

*     3' 

12972 

3  37 
36 
36 
33 

f  2972 

3    ^3 

,     ^^ 
f  1466 

2   152 

f  2555 

2  362 

3  125 


Pigweed 

U'iii-<d 
Pilewort 


Pick-tree 

Pic/;/e-p/ant 

Picradenia 

Picris 

Picry 

Pie-marker 

Pie-print 

Pigeon-berry 


f  1897,  1989,  2629 

2720,  3404 

-foot  2  344 

-grass  3  70,  f  240 

-root  t  1430  note 


-tree 
Pigmy-weed 
Pignut 

Bitter 

IJttte,  Suiali 

Woolly 
Pig-potaio 

•root 
Pigsty-daisy 
Pig-tail 
Pigweed         i 


57 


f  1369,  2566 


Pilot  wei-d 
Pimentary 


*  1,376 

2  .\3;  3  118, 

f  1399.  1615 

3408 

107 

Pimpernel, Bennet  2  52!) 

Ilaslard  i  2825 

J!/ue  i  3075 

I'alse    2  593;  3  163-4 

Red,  or  Scarlet   2  593 

Sea  f  1512 

Water       2  5S7;  3  167 

Yellinv  2  526 

Pimpernelle  2  228 

Pin-ha/l  f.34i>3 

Pin-clover  2  344 

-grass  344 

Pincushion  3249  f3S48 

-flower  3  249 

-shrub  2  395 

-'''•'■'•  f  3435 

Pixii  Family        i    49 

Pine  50-53 

Banks'  or  ISiack  i  114 

Bastard  f  118 

B/is/er  f  126 

Bull  I  52,  f  113 


Pine 

Short-slnicks        f  1 15 
S/asli  f  116,  ii.s 

Soft -deal  f  no 

Southern  i    51 

-liai d  or  -/leart 

f  112 

-mountain 

-pilih 


Pinweed  2  442-4,  f  2249 


Canadian 

Candlewood 

Caiolina 

Cat 

Cedar 

Cornsla/k 

Deal 

Fat 

Festoon 

Field 

Fir 

J-yorida 

Fovtai/ 

Frankincense 

Gambler  Parry' 


Georgia 

-pilcli,  -ye/to:, 
(iray 
Ground      i 


Physic,  see  Indian 
Pi'cac  i  2321 

Picka:i ay-anise    f  2271 
Pick-clieese  2  416 

Pickerel-Weed  Fam- 
ily I  379 
Pickerel  Weed 

I  379,  f  1626 
Pickpocket  f  1752 

Pick-purse    f  1513.  1752 


f  2626 
f  1389 
3  448-9 
267 
I  2353 
f  2430 
f  2430 
I  594. 


f  2626 
3  164 
I  487 
I  1152 
t  II57 
3  512 
1  2640 
f  1085 

f  ,3984 
3  220 
'o,  587. 


I    51 

5.1 

f  116 

f  121 

fii5 
f  118 
f  no 

f  112 

f99 

I  2473 
f  120 
f  112 

f  lr8 

I    53 

■'s 

f>i3 

I     51 

f  112 

I     52 

41;   2  436, 

f  31.170 

Hard     I  51,  f  111,  119 
Hickory  I     53 

Hudson  Bay  52 

Indian  f  118 

Jack  f  1 14 

Jersey,  Labrador,  i  52 
Loblolly  53 

Long-leaved   51,  f  113 

-pitch,  -yellouf  112 
Long-straz!  i  112.  118 
I.ong-shucks  t  118 
Moon-fruit  f  ,89 

Signer  f  115 

.Wohle  i  2736 

A'orthern  f  1 10 

Northern  Scrub  i    52 
A''or:La]'  fiii 

Jllacl-  f  IK) 

Old-field  I     53 

Pitch    I  53,  f  112.  116 

Southern  f  11 2 

11 'es  tern  ^  113 

Prairie  3  318 

Prickly  t  117 

Prince's  2  554 

Red  I  51,  f  1:3 

A'/rvr  f  115 

/Cock  f  114 

Rosemary  i  118 

Running'  I    43 

Sap  I  53,  f  118 

Scrub  I    52 

Shore  f  114 

Short-leaved 

I  52,  f  115,  iiS 
.Shortschat    f  115,  116 


-yelld 

Spiral 

Spruce 

f  II 

S:i  amp 


>.  115, 


fii7 

1112 

f  112 

f  92 

I    52, 

122.  124 

f  118 


Table-Mountain  i  53 
7V.i'fl5  )'ello:t  f  112 
Torch  I  ^i,  i  118 

Turpentine  f  112 
Virginia  t  51,  f  118 
Western  Yellow  I  51 
Weymouth  ,50 

White  50 

Yellow  I  51,  f  112,  im 
Yellozc  Pitch  f  112 
y'ezi-  f  122 

Pine-Appi.e  Family 

1  374 
Pine-hroom  i  112 
Pine -barren  Beauty 

2  583 


Pine-cheat 
Pine-drojJS 

-sap 
Pine-tulip 

-weed 
Pink  I'amii.y 
Pink,  Bearded 

Boston 

Bunch 

Carolina 

Child  ing 

Coin 

Cushion 

Deplford 

Drumuiond's 

J)utch 

Flection 

Fire 

French 

Grass 

Ground 

Hedge 

Indi.'in       2 
f  1445,  1458, 

Maiden 

Marsh 

Meadow 

f  iiii,  1470, 

Menzies' 

^rice 

.yronthly 

Moss  3 

Mountain 

Mullen 

Old  Maid's 

Proliferous 

River 

Rock 

Rose 

Saxifrage 

Sea    2  595,  611,  *  1443 

Swamp    1  402;  2  559, 

'1145.  2743 

Wild  2    II, 

f  1119,  1447,  1470,  2979 

If 'inter  f  2774 

Pink-ft/oowi  f  2858 

-grass    f  436,  742,  799 

-needles        2  344,  531 

Pink-root  2  605 

Pinks,  Old  Maid's 

f  1438 

U  ar  t  1437 

Pinkster-flower      2  558 

Pink-ueed    f  1327,  1337 


*  1513 

2  554 

2  555-6 

f  2736 

2  436 

2    6 

f  1145 

f  1466 

2    20 

6.15 

f  146s 

f  1438 

2       8 

19 

15 

f  I7(>S 

t  2743 

2  10 
f  147 1 

1  4,Si) 

3  36 

2  18 
605;  3  22, 
.2288,3318 

2  I,; 
2  611-12 

2  14. 
2747 

2  13 
\  1450 
f  1466 
f  1440 
*2774 

2     10 

2     18 

<  2743 

f   U28 
2  610 


,36. 


3« 


Pipe-plant 

Pipe-privets 

Piperidiie-hush 

Spotted 
Pipe-  stem 
Pipe-tree 
Pipe-vine 

Woolly 


*  27.19 
2  6o<) 
f  1640 
^2735 
f  2769 

2  (hK) 

I  541,  f  1283 

I  54" 


PiPLUoKT  Family 

1  371 
Pipewort                 371-3 

}'ello!(i  f  902 

Pi])sissewa  2  554 

.Spotted  f  2735 

Piskies,  Pixie       i  1447 
Pismire  i  3988 

Pitciiek-plant 

Family  2  159 
Pitcher-plant  160 

Pitchforks 

3  438.  f  39,39-40 
Plane-tree  Family 

2  194 
Plane-tree  194 
Planer-tree  1  526 
Plantain  Family 

3  205 
Plantain             3  2116-11 

Buck,  Buckhorn  f338o 


Common 

3  206 

Dwarf 

210 

Dooryard 

206 

English 

207 

Greater 

206 

Heart-leaved 

208 

Hoary 

207 

Indian 

475 

Large-bracted 

209 

Long 

207 

Many,seeded 

210 

Mud 

1  380 

Net-leaf 

f  1132 

Poor  Robin's 

3  285,  ,388 

Pursh's 

3  209 

Rattlesnake      i 

474-5 

Ripple 

i  3.?8o 

Robert's 

3  3''8 

Robin's 

388 

Round-leaf 

f3.?78 

Rugel's 

3  207 

Sand 

211 

Saline 

20H 

Sea,  or  Seaside 

209 

Slender 

210 

Southern 

20.8 

Snake            3  207,  285 

Sweet-scented 

3  475 

Water         i  85 

3  208 

Wayside 

*3378 

White 

3  .?99,  <  113 

',  3.^88 

White  Dwarf 

3  210 

Pleurisy-root 

5 

Pleurogyne        2 

618-19 

Pleuroj)i)g()n 

I  196 

Ploughman's- wort 3  31/) 

Plt'm  Family 

2  246 

Plum,  Beach 

2  249, 

f  2017 

Bullace 

2  250 

Canada    2  247, 

f  2ixx8 

Chicka.saw 

2   248 

Date 

,    597 

Dog 

I  1030 

Ctarden,  Wild 

f  2009 

Coose 

f  2007 

Grave's  Beach 

2   249 

Ground 

297 

Hog  3  248,  f  2007.  2a]9 

Horse       2  247, 

I  2(X)7 

Ivory 

2  572 

Larger  G'  ound 

297 

Low 

249 

578 


ENGLISH  INDEX,  INCLIDINO  roi'ULAR  I'LANT  NAMIvS.      [Vol..  III. 


Fliiin 

NalhY  t  21 1117 

Porter's  2  24S 

AV</  f2(»is 

Sand         1  248,  f  21113 

Sicditl  i  2831 

Watson's  2  248 

Ulld  f  20.»H 

Wild  r.oosf  2  2-17 

Wild  Kid  247 

Wild  Yflli.w  2(7 

lliii/ir  f  2K31 

Plum  giiiiiife  f  2(1(17 

I'luiii  Kfi'l'i'  3  -("^ 

I'l.r.MUAi.d  I'AMii.v  ,';()4 

J\iiiiii-l>i(sli  i  1415 

I'dKonia                 I  467-S 

Aiitiii'siiuiiilli  f  1114 

I'liisim  ash  2   (S.h 

•berry       3  1.57,  f  1554 

•  doKWood  2  3SS 

-elder       2  ;,>''^.  *  ,>4,v? 

■  tint;  f  idK) 

-flower  3  137 

-licinlock  2  5^2 

■ivy  3S« 

•oak  ,vNS 

parsley  f  2084 

-rhubarb  3  470 

-siiiiitueeii  126S4 

•sumac  2  ,v''8 

■/ubiitiii  i  3221 

-/;«r,  or  •:(()('(/  f  2352 

-fine  i  2353 

Poki-iDol  f  984 

I'OKE-WEED  I'AMILY 

I  ,S",? 

Poke,  Pokeweed  1  ,S()4 
Indian        I  4.»S,  f  (As 

Polar-plant  3  jc'^ 

Pole-cal  ll'eed  f  S8i 

PoU-uf,,/  f88i 

Polly  Mountain  3  109 

Polypody  i  32-3 

See  I'ern 

Polyprenium  3  6(i6 

Polyjiteris  3  447 

Polytaenia  3  515 

Pontft;'  iitiii/e  f  2008 

Pomnie  Blanche  2  284 

Pond-bush  i  1655 

-dog-.iood  f  ■5403 

i;rass  f  17.^ 

Pond-lily  2  42-4 

Arrow-leaved  43 

Red-disked  43 

White  44 

Yellow  42-3 

P()NI>WEi;U  I'AMILY 

I    65 
Pondweed  I  66-81 

AlRHlike  72 

Bluntleaved  73 

Capillary  76 
Claspiiitf-leaved       71 

CurK-d-leavtd  72 

Ciii/y  f  15() 

Eel-grass  i    72 

I'axou's  ()8 

l'"ennel-leaved  77 

Filiform  77 

Floating  ()6 

I'ries'  74 

Grass-uraii'  f  160 

Hill's  I    73 

Horned  i  178 

Illinois  I    70 

Interrupted  78 

Larjfe-leaved  67 

Leafy  73 

Long-leaved  68 

Mystic  Pond  71 

Northern  68 

Nuttall's  67 

Oakes'  66 


Pnndweed 
Ojjposite  leavi'il  i    7,s 
KahiRS(|ue's  7'i 

Kobbins'  78 

Shilling  -II 

Slender  74 

Sin.iU  75 

Si)atulate-k;ivid      ( (» 
Spiral  77 

Spotted  07 

'/aisil  i  17(1 

Varidiis-Ieaved      I  (k) 
Vasey's  74 

White-stemiiifd        71 
/i/.'s  71P 

Pond  Spice  2     1.)- 

I'ool  blossom  622 

Pool-root,  -w<itt 

3  312,  f  3(>2(» 
PtHir  An  nil  i  (J84 

Poor  Man's  niu>taid 

f  i0(j5 
-pepper  2  111,  f  i^u 
->  hnlmi  b  f  lOvi 

-snap  f  I8S( 

■weather-^lass  2  5(13 
/'oor-A'nbin  fi  156,  3412 
Poor  Robin's  plantain 

3  ^''^.s,  .18.^ 

Pop-dock,  or -ylove    171 

Pop  weed  3  km 

Poplar       t  400-3,  r iifjy 

American  t  1 170 

Aspen  i  ii'M 

Ilalsani  i  491 

Jlerrybeaiin:.;    f  1172 

lllack  I  493 

-Hal:  an  f  1172 

Ji'lue  t  1542 

( 'al-/ool  i  1171 

Carolina 

I  4(>3,  f  1165,  1172 
Downy  i  492 

fliikorv  f  1542 

Lombardy  I  4(13 

Old  luif;lisli       i  1 171 
Piz'er  f  1172 

Roui;li  bai  k        i  1165 
Sih.r  leaf 

1  490,  f  2413 
Trenibltnt;  i  11 70 
Tu/ip  f  I,s42 

ll'ii/er  fii72 

White  1  4(i<i, 

f  1169-70,  I,S42 

Willow  f  1171 

Yellow  2    49 

Poi'i'Y  Family      a    98 
Poppy  2  (),  99-103 

Arctic  3  i(»i 

Celandine  102 

Corn.  I'ield,  Red,     (J9 
Frothy  9 

Garden,  Opium,       99 
Iceland  i  16^12 

Alexican  3  101 

Pale  i(«i 

Prickly  loi 

Rough-fruited         loo 
Sea  103 

Smooth-fruited      lob 
Spattling  9 

'I  liorn  i  1663 

White  Prickly    2  101 
Yellow  102 

Y'ellow  Horned  103 
Poppy-mallow  3  418-ig 
Portulaca  3  5-6 

Showy  i  1437 

Passu  m-ha-c 

i  2360.  3443 

Possnin-uood         12831 

Potato  Family   3  124 

Potato.  Canada  429 

I      Cree  f  2096 


Potato 

/>,Uo/a  i  2227 

/A ',!,■'.(  f979 

/lid inn  i  2227 

.y,//ie  {  23(«i 

Pii;  {  2227.  2640 

//■;/(/  f  1429 

;/  ■;/(/  ."^r. ,  <•/         f  2(>4,s 

Potato /»mJ  f  2227 

vine.  Wild  3    23 

Pot  herb.  White         24s 

I'oukenel  2  5,11 

/;>:■(  r/y  <  1494 

Poverty-lirass         I   133; 

i  41',  *595.  929,  2('74. 

2.^-14.  ^473 

.S,  III  them  '  ,M4 

Poverty-weed  3  401,457, 

f  3848,  38,So-l 

Powder-horn  2    26 

Praiiie  ap])le  284,  f  2126 

ani  inmie  f  1581 

-liei  i;aiiiol  f  3138 

burdock  3  408 

Praiiie  clover    3  j8(i-()i 

I'm  pic  f  2112 

Silky  f2II,s 

Piiiii  ie  di'i;  u  eed  i  ,397() 

Pi iiirie  i;rass  f  341,  44! 

■fire  f.vii8 

V'  "''  f  2271 

hysso]>  3  112 

-Indian  i  2o,';3 

-hlr  i  1003,  2,S2(') 

niestpiite  3  ,sio 

pine  V"* 

-imket        i  1784.  17S(. 

-rose  2  22() 

\eiiiia  i  203,s 

■  >iiiiii-e        i  i.sSi,  1942 
turnip  3  284 

-weed  215 

zinnia  3  412 

Preiuher-in-ilie-piilpi/ 

t    1CKJ4 

Pi  ell y  Snncy        i  I4,S(> 
Pricket  3  \Hi 

Prickly-ash  2  353,  f  2626 

)>//(!.•(■  f  2270 

Prickly-hack  i  34S1 

Pricklyhiir  f"i226 

Prickiylhistlc       f4o7l 

■elder  f  2*126 

Prickly-pear  3  463 

-poppy  loi 

/'>  ;f*  Jfadaiii 

t  1813,  1816 

-timber  3  395 

Priiklree 

li'iilcher  f  23118,  23<>,s 
Prickwood  2   ((^5 

Pricky-back  f  3481 

■  thistle  '4071 
Pride-of  Ohio  2  594 
Pride-weed  3  3()i 
Priest's  Crown  271 
Priest's  pintle  f  876 
Prim  2  604 
Primrose  1'"amily  584 
Primrose         3  492,  ,s8,s, 

f  1974,  note 

Bird's-eye  3  585 

Dwarf  Canadian  ,s8,s 

l''remont's  495 

Greenland  .^''.s 

Hartweg's  495 

Mealy  585 

Missouri  4<>4 

I      Mistassini  585 

I      Scapose  4-.  ' 

Short-podded  493 

Showy  492 

Spotted  494 

Three  lobed  493 

Tooth-leaved  4cj6 


Primrose 

Tree  i  2579 

Primrose  willow     2  4.S1 
Primwort  (nn 

Prince's-feather 

I  561,  f  1399 

Prince's  pine  3  554 

Print  604 

Prionopsis  3  327 

Privet  2  604 

Procession- ftoiicri  32^1 

Prv  f  742 

Psilostr(ii)e  3  444 

Psoralea  2  281 -s 

lllack  dotted  2S2 

Digitate  283 

I'cw-nowered  2M 

Laiice-Ieaved  281 

Large-bracted         2.'^4 

Large  r-tipuled        285 

Many-flowered       2S2 

Narrow-leaved        2S2 

Nebraska  2  2.83 

Sainfoin  285 

Silver  leaf  283 

Small-flowered       281 

Ptiloria  3  208 

Puccoou.  Gmelin's     65 

Hairy,  Hoary,  6,s 

Indian  ^,1048 

Red  2  IU2 

II  kite  f  1(165 

Y'ellow  3    .SI 

Piiccoon-rniit  i  166,5 

PutTball      3  271,  12387 

Pukeweed  3  260 

I'nlsalilla  Amer.  11581 

Pumpkin,  Wild     3  2,50 

Piiri;in!;ro(i/         12321 

Piirplei^iass 

i  2o!)7.  211S3,  2,54() 

Purple.iorl  t  1(^37,  2(kH3 

Pi'RSLAMc  Family  3  i 

Purslane,  Pusslev,        5 

Ilhick  '  f  2314 

French  t  1437 

(,'arden  t  1437 

Marsh  3  476 

Milk  3  373,  f  2321 

Mud  '         3  437 

Notched  5 

Sea  I  598;  3    36 

S /tolled  '2314. 

Water  2  470,  476 

Western  i  I4,VS 

While  f  2321 

Pursley,  ^filk        f  2321 

Ulackspotlcd     f  2314 

Piiiz'ain  ^  JX-Sg 

Pussies,  Pussy  cats, 

i  2074 
Pussy-toes  3  309 

Putty-root  I  481 

Pyracauth  2  245 

Pyramid  flozcer 

or  plant  f  2S84 

Pyxie  2  ,583 

(See  Piskies) 
Quafodil  1981 

yuaker-bonnets 

3  212,  f  2057 

-ladies  3  212 

yuaker-lady  3  n/i 

Quarter-vine  3  i(>8 

Queen  Anne's  Lace 

3  510 
Queen-of-tlie-mcadow 

a  I9<>;  3  307 
Queen-of-thepraine 

3  224 

Queen-:ceed  i  2642 

Queen 's-deltght     3  369 

-gillyflower  i.S-t 

■  needle-.tort        t  1883 

Queen 's-root  2  369 


[Vol..  III. 


11.  IW 


ther 

le 


1  2579 

2  4«i) 

()ii4 


<  1399 

3  554 

(M14 

3  .1^7 

2  6(14 

I742 

3  444 

2.S1-5 
2S2 

sHS 
2S1 
2S1 
284 

2>*5 

2S2 

2.S2 

2  2X3 
2H5 
2^3 
281 

3  268 

65 
65 
13048 
3  102 
f  1665 
a  51 
f  1665 


led 

en-il 

ived 

icted 

pultd 

we  red 

caved 


if 
wered 

Inielin's 
oary 


'O/ 


3    373. 


3   271,  f  2387 

1  3  '(>" 

Atufr.  1  1581 
Wild  3  250 
■o,'/  12321 
axs 

i!>7,  20S3,  2549 
>■/  f  1937,  2l)i<3 
:  Kamilv  3  I 
Pusslev.  5 
f23'4 

<  1437 

<  1437 

2  476 
f  2321 

3  437 
5 

598:  3     36 

i  2314 

2  47".  47'J 
*  "43.1 
f  2321 
f  2,521 

<  2314 

<  3'i59 
'i(ssy  cats, 

i  2074 
<  3  3"9 

I  4'-^l 
3   245 

f  2884 
3  583 

f  9S1 
lonnets 

3  212,  f  2057 

3  212 
ady  3  iy() 

,itie  3  198 

line's  Lace 

a  510 
rtlie-nicadow 

3  I9h;  3  307 
f-Uie-praine 

2  224 
■eed 

delight 
ower 
•uorl 
■root 


polled 


t 

1 

■flou  cr 
it 

skies) 


f  2642 
3  369 

f  I8.«,? 
2  369 


Vol.  III.] 


I:NGLI.SII   INDKX,  INCMIHNU   rorULAR  I'I-.\NT  NAMI'IS. 


579 


yuercitriiii  i  517 

(Jiiiik  f  524,  19<|5 

(Juiek  1)eam  3  23,5 

(Jiiiik  III  llif  hiiiiil 

t  2.l8i) 
(Juickset  2  2(1 

!_'«;.  ksil:er-:i  fill  f  111^4 
Oiiill  ffi  II  f  311 

nrii.i.wiiKi'  I'AMii.v 

I     -15 

(Jliilhvoil  I  46-8,  f  ,V.I5 

I)u<lKe's  3  4i)S 

liatuii's  41)5 

Eii>o[>(un  i  lu2 

Pitted  3  495 

Oiiiiice  star  2  245 

Oiiiiiiiit;  Hill!      f  ,(^75 

{Jiiiiii  iir  lliiu  fr     i  2.'^(i2 

Oil  i  III  III!  Tiff        f  2271 

f>iiiiiw-f'<''  '.>' 

i  1S74,  1S73  note 

yuiteli-nrass  I  226 

ijinliil  1 32<i<) 

ijiiii'ii  Ifiif  f  1 170 

(>niihsi/iii:i  ml      f  37211 

Kabbit  beiry  241.8 

-/>!  iis/i  i  .V>(i2 

-flijwer      3  171,  f  ,i23'> 

•  meat  3    114 

■/ifcl  t   211  7 

-KMil  2  Sii<i 

■lii/tii,ro  i  3^,sl 

Rabbit's  uioiitli  3  147 

A'acii'tnibti  I y  f  \(>.\(i 

judical  :•  red  f  3213 

Kadisli,  Wild  2  121 

CaKUn  121 

Iliirse  127 

Rat!i»eil  cup  3  4<ifi 

-/,ia-  f  145S 

Kdbiii  2     14 

-Ml  Hill'  i  1335 

K.\i;\vi;i:i>  I'amh.v 

3    J'l-! 

Rapweed       3  2<i4-5.  4''- 

Wiiullv  3  477 

RaBw.iit        3  475,  480-2 

Cat  s-paw  3  47S 

Prairie  478 

Kiiiiilio:.  -u  eed       f  2541) 

A'tiisiii,   Willi         f  3444 

A'liiiiii'li  ee  i  1875 

A'tiiiifiii'ii,  Liii/^e  t  2579 

KillllfiS  f  l|<|2 

Riiin's-(7(i:<i  f  161'^ 

lie<id  f  lo.'^H 

-tciiiKUe  3  2117 

I\'iiiiilieiiiii;iiiss     i  ,S3<) 

A'tiiieid  f  3231' 

Raiistead  3  1 1') 

A'iiiili/>ole  i  2(>32 

Ra))e  2  M 1 1,  1 2 1 

Siimiiiei  i  170J 

A'afi/'ei  diiiidies    f  277*) 

Raspberry         2  n;i)-ii>l 

Arclie  210 

Illack,  I)1aek-cap.  201 

Carolina  2ui 

Ciithbert  200 

Dwarf  201 

Cladsluiie  201 

C.regK  2(11 

(hound  i  1544 

llansell  2  21  n) 

Hilborn  201 

Mountain  200 

Purple,  Wild 

2  201,  f  1890 
Purple-flowering 

3   I9<) 

Jfose-fion  en'ni;  f  iSijo 
Kiiiiiiiiiii  i  i8i)7 

Virvfinia  3  i(» 

White-flowering     nig 
Wild  Red  2110 


A'dlsluiiir       f  1 132.  2735 

A'lil-ili  if/iei  f  23(11 

Rat  tail  3  21.7 

An  1 1  a  II  I2VI' 

Rattle  3  187 

/.'((//  f  1443.  1455 

(•'■■  *  1455 

Peniiv,  Yellow,  3  "*7 

Red   ■  1S4-5 

Rattle  bans  3  1S7,  f  1443 

Rattle-box 

2    2'.S,  4-1,;   3    1S7 

-Inisli  t  2049.  20511 

-mil  f  I, -,34 

■  mill  f  155(1 
A'allle  lop  f  1556 

lleni I  len-iid  i  1557 

Moiiiilaiii       f  1558 

Kiillle-.i red  f  155(1.  212c) 

Ciiiiiiiliiin        f  21311 

A'iilllei  -nee  i  1104 

A'li/lle.uiiile  hile    t  \i.t\i> 

Rattlesnake  herb   2    55 

-//i;i,'-  f  26(10 

leaf  i  1132 

•  nia'-ter    2  522;  3  315, 

3  3' 7.  354.  <  i'^''5 

•  plantain  i  474-5 

Cieefuii!;-  f  1131 

root  '     3  288-01, 

•  1048,  I5.sr,,  2285,3583 

-weed  3  2\5, 

f  1  132,   2(.l(>o 

Red  bay  2    (id 

-llelly  f  3502 

bud  2  257 

■  hiiisli  i  2714.  2717 
-I  iiiiioiiiile  t  1(139 
-cedar  I  do 
-Kuni  3  U13 
•Indian  paint  102 

/ndiniis  '331'^ 

-nikfiliiiil  f  1415 

A'ed  knees  i  1333 

•  /;/()/  r'<"(  (/  f  1039 
-fiolloiii  i  2775 

pnecoon  2  102 

-rattle  3  184-5 

-robin        2  341,  f  145(1 

■  >od  '2714 
Reil-rodt      I  443;  3  5(|5, 

2  .(07,  f  12('2,   13(|S, 

1O65,  i(>(4 

Oiii'liiia  t  iLidi 

/lid III II  i  lotil 

Ked-iol  i  IN  13 

■Sally  i  2549 

Red  shanks  a  341, 

f  1311I,  1319,  1327,  1333 

Red  lop  1  159.  184 

Jliiiiili  f  47(1 

Hi  Id  f27o 

Red-weed  2  99. 

f  12f|(),  1327,  1415 
-:,  illo:i  f27i4 

A'ed/>e>  ly  f  1554,  2(130 
■haiiihoo  i  io5() 

■siiiileiiiol  f  1^54 

RedfieUlia  I   iSCj 

Reed         I   128,  i(i(),  184, 

f  420,  512 

Hog,  l>ilch,  role,. Sea, 

i  420 

Reed-Rrass  I  163-7 

Common  {420 

Jndian  f  3(10 

LanRsdorf's  1  i(j4 
I.ounleaved  107 

Jlacoun's  163 

Narrow  165 

Xuttall's  1(15 

Pickering's  104 

Porter's  ifi4 

Salt  I7'> 

Sea  i  i8o 


Reed  iria'-s 

.Soiillii  1  It  i  291 

Wood  I  158 

KirdMaee,  (,'ieal  f  1  id 

/.owe  fl37 

RheniiMliMnroot    2  i)2. 

f  1(,(;8,  2735 

■-.reed  i  2^95-0 

Rbinebtrry  2  405 

RliiMlii(leii(li(iii  501 

Klinbaib 

Hot;  or  I'oisoii       3  470 
i'ooi  Man's         t  itiq 
Rhoihira  2  5(10 

Kliyncliosia  2  ,?,i''7 
Rib  KiasH,  wdit  3  2117 
Riie.  Indi.in  i   1  .-s 

Cillliulil  f  2Sd 

/■\ihe,  ll/iile,       f  :S7 

Junj-le  3   |c/i 

ll'aler  f ->() 

Wild  I   128 

A'let '.(  Cousin         i  .•»• 

A'lilileaf  f  ;,iSd 

Richwud  I  533. 

3  123,  295,  f  15511.  3(12.) 

A' It;  11  inn  f  3137 

Rip])U'  ^rass  3  .1.7 

A'i:  ri  hush  t  3403 

Rl\  l;i<  Wl  ICI)  I'.NMllv" 

2  1(13 

River-weed  103 

/\oanoi\e  Hell         f  311^4 

Robert's  I'lantain  3'  3.s,s 

A' oh  ill,  A'ohins      i  i4j(') 

A'ohini  nil  ii:i  ay 

f  K,o7,  3005 
Robin's  Plantain 

3  2^5.  388 

A'oe  i-  hi  I  If  I  2776 

■lirake       I  2.S,  f  71,  72 

Rock  ciiss        2  147-150 

I.ow.  or  Nortlieni    1  id 

A'o, i  lily  f  1  5=9 

-/'lani  f  1813 

R(>i.K-R(isi;  l'A.Mn.v 

2  43fi 
Rock-rose  4,^1-40.  f  2140 
Rock  Weed  3  227,  t  2240 
Rocket 

Hiislaid  f  1703 

Cranililinjt  2  159 

Dame's  154 

False  123 

Ilalinn  i  I7<,8 

I'l  aiiie  f  1786 

Small  floxi  eicd 

f  17S4 
Purple  2  123  f  2,5(1(1 
Sand  2  120 

Sea,  American  1 17 
Sei amhliiif;  f  i(  116 
.S:i  ei  I  i  l7<io 

Wall  2  120 

Willie/ .  or   Wiiiiiid, 

f  170(1 

■^'ellow  2  122, 

f  1798,  281 1 

Rocket  Cress  2  122 

A'oik  V  .1/011  Ilia  ill  ( iiii/>e 

f  1(142 

/}og-alion/fo;/er  f  2280 

Rogue's  Ciilliflower 

3  l,S4 
Roman-/)/ij«/         f  i,?7o 

-willow  2  (kx) 

■wormwood  3  205 

Kooslers  1  2481 

Kooslei -heads  f  282<> 

Nope- ha  I  k  '2535 

Rope--,i  iiid  i  2949 
Rosa-solis     2  iCn,  f  (|f)() 

Rosi-;  Family  2  194 

Rose  2   22(^2,',2 

Afriean  f  16,59 


Rose 

.•\rkaiisas  2  2,v> 

/I I  a  III  hie  f  107,3 

/iiei  e,  /li  ier  f  i()73 
liiirnel  2  ,5(13 

Canker  2  (,ii,  232 

Chi  i  si  mas  i  I54(> 

Corn  2    ()(> 

Cotton  3  .vj5 

Climbinj;  2  229 

Cinnamon  252 

Don  2,i2 

I'uaifWild  f  1071 
A,;;/r  »';/(/  f  i(,d('i 
l';Kyplian,C.ipsy,3  249 
//;/'  t  iii7,i-4 

/•Jill  hen  f  i'i74,  note 
I.ow  2  2,il 

Maple-leaf  (ineldei 

*  3437 
Marsh  Holy  2  ,5(.H 
Meadow  22() 

.M  ex  lean  f  1437 

.MicliiKan  2  229 

Northeastern  2,u 

/'.//(•  f  Kiirf) 

Pasture  2  231 

Praitie  229 

Prickly  2,;o 

Rock    2  4,59-40,  f  2446 

Rosin  2  4,^3 

.Sensilive  i  2031 

Shiiiinv;  f  ii»72 

.Smooth  2  221) 

.Suowdon  1(15 

.Snn  2  43()-4o 

.Swamp  2  231 

//'//(/  f  1  ((70-72 

Wind  2  liK) 

Woods'  230 

Roseacacia  2  295,  f  2122 

Rosebay     2  ,561,  f  2,51  (> 

I  .round  2  480 

I.apland  ,5(mi 

Mountain  501 

llilduv  />:.  ai/i  27,50 

A'ose  hliish  i  i(,65 

Rose  Ciimpioii         2     Ki 

Rose-mallow        2  424-5 

Rosemary 

JIarsh        2  504,  f  27(17 

M.irvlaud  3  5,^0 

White  V'l 

Wild  2  5,57,  5(18 

A'i>.i('  moss  I  1437 

Rose-noble  3     55 

Rose-of  Plymouth  2  611 

Rose-of  Sharon  426 

Rose-petty  3  388 

Rose  pink  2  6i(j 

/Hose  :•  illo:,'  i  2714 

Rosewort,  Roseroot 

2   l('i5 

Rosin-plant         3  4(10-8 

-rose  2  43 i 

-weed  3  406-S 

-."I  Ood  f  5057 

A'osy-hiish  i  1884 

Rolala  2  470 
Rot-urass      3  194.  f  384 

Roubieva  i  576 

Rough-root  3  318 

-weed  ()7 

Round  Dock  2  4i() 

/found  heart  t  2'i5i 

■rush  i  019 

-Ti  nod.  -tree  t  1975 

Roving  Sailor  3  144 

Ro:i  aiilieriy  ''975 

Rowan-trei.'  2  233 

Anicrieaii  i  1975 

Dog  3   22() 

A'oyal  /liaeieit  f8 

RllVAl,  P'kr.n  I'.\milv 

>      4 


58o 


K.NGLISII  INDlvX,  INCLIDINC.  I'OITLAR  PLANT  NAMICS.      [Vol.  III. 


1*::; 


KojmI  I'ltii  I       5 

J^oyal  Osmoiid  i  S 
Rue  Aneinouc,  I'.ilse 

RiF,  Family  2  ,i,SJ 

Rucllia                 3  .M3-5 

I.Dits;  tuheJ  i  ,!!7-' 

Sltoilliibed  i  ,vri 

R until  i  i;(i,! 

Runnini?  pine  i    43 

-miHs  f  f)6 

Riippia  I     79 

Rush  Famii.v  i  ,^Hi 

Rush  I  3-<i-,v»'> 

Ai;lelhrii<l       "  I  jSo 

Awlleavcil  i   t,^- 

BiiUl                  I  2=;;-« 

Kaltic  .^S^ 

7^7 Ji  f  62,1 

]l:iyonet  i  v>i 

Boaked            I  I'.-J-S.) 

y>7<i,-/('  162,1 

Black-grass  i  3S5 

Bojf  ,iS2 
Bolder,  liouldei-  f  623 
Browuishfruiteil 

Bulbous  391) 

Bulrush           I  2(),s-7o 

Canada  i  .^9; 

Caiidli'  ^919 

Carolina  i  31)1 

Chair-maker's  2(>5 

Cliestnut  ,<*> 
Club                   I  262-4 

Common  .3S2 
Col/on  I  271-3 
Cotton-giass     i  271-3 

Creeping  3SS 

.Sc-a  i  627 
Clustered  Alpine 

Diffuse  .39») 

Dit/c/i  f  84 

Fii/sr  /!,>:;■  f6,si 

I'orkcd  I  ,3^7 

Glomerate  ,3S3 

i'.rass-leaved  3HS 

Greene's  .387 

Jfaie'shiil  f63S 

Jfard  f9i9 

Highland  i  ,38,s 

Horned  i  276 

Jointed  391 

Knotted  ,392 

Knitllv-leaved  f  9.S6 

I.oug-slyled  i  3SS 

Many-headed  .393 

Mat  I  2()6 

Moor  ,189 

New  Jersey  ,392 

Nut            '     I  28 1 -S3 

Pennsylvania  ,383 

Pin  f9i9 

Pith  i  92a 

Richardson's  i  ,391 

Roemer's  ,38  ^ 

Jiiutnd  '919 

Scirpus-like  i  ,391 

Scouring  38 

Sea  ,384 

Secund  3H6 

Sharp-fruited  ,39,^ 

Short-fruited  .393 

Slender  ,386 

Small  headed  394 

vSoft  .382 

Spar/  f9t5 

Spike               1  248-56 

.V/ii/T  f  920 

Stout  I  ,395 

Sure/  f883 

Thread  I  ,383 
Three-flowered       ,390 

Three-square  '265 


Rush 
Toad  1  3'*,s 

Torrey's  ,v)2 

'/'ii!e  *  62,1-4 

Twiif  I  2S1 

Two  flowered  3SJ 

Vasey's  ,3So 

ll'ii/ii  t  <)ii) 

Wood  I    196-H 

Yard  '    386 

)'c/iou  -Jlir.ri-rini; 

'  i  89;, 

fsee  Bulnisli)      1  211,3 

(see  Clubrush)        202 

Riisli  ,s;iirlii  ^993 

■  nil/  f  .339 

Riisiia  grai^  f  491 

Russian  Thistle       i  ,sSii 

Rutland  lieauty      3     25 

Rye,  Wild, 

I  231-2.  3  ,=;o8 

Rye-nrass  i  22,s 

Sabb.itia  2  6.K1-611 

Hranchiug  6.19 

Coast  610 

KUiott's  611 

I.ance-leaved  <ki9 

Narrow-leaved        601) 

Prairie  oio 

Sqmre-stemmed    610 

Satuno/rie  f  128 

Siiddlf/ne  i  i,S42 

-lt\if  f  I,S»3 

Salllower  3  495 

Sase 

Indian  3  311 

,Terusaleni  i)i 

Lauce-leaved  u*) 

I.yre-leaved  if) 

Meadow  loo 

Mountain  4fiS 

Nettle-leaved  101 

I'ilcher'.s  uk) 

Tci//  '3126 

ll'is/iin  f4ois 

White  I  5,s'i 

Wild  3  101,  4114, 

f  ,1124,  3I2,S 

Wood  3     76 

Wormwood      3  463-4 

Sage-brush  3  4()S 

Pasture  464 

Sage-bush  46"> 

Sage-of- Bethlehem    119 

Saiic/ej/  i  M"S 

Sageu  ///(in  f  1 193.  2,349 

-wood  3  46S 

Sagittaria  i  911-92 

Sailor,  Climbing    3  144 

S:iilor's-i>n>/  t  2240 

•tobacco  3  466 

St.  Andrew's  Cross 

2  42S 
S/,  An/hony's  Turnip 
f  1615 
St.  Bennett's  Herb 

2  5.^2 

St.  James'  weed  1,19 

-wort  3  482 

.SV.  Jo/in  t  24,34 

St.  Joh.v'.s  Wort 

1'amilv  2  427 

St.  John'.swnit        3  429 

Bedstraw  431 

ISushy  430 

Canadian  43,5 

Clasping-leavod     434 

Common  4.33 

Copper-colored      4,32 

Corymbed  433 

Creeping  431 

j      Dense-flowered      4,30 

j     Drum  mend's  435 

Dwarf  434 

!     Elliptic-leaved       432 


St.  John'sworl 
J\i/s/-  i 

(tiant 

Great  : 

Kalui'.'. 

Larger  Can  uliau 
Larger  Marsh 
Marsh 
Mountain 
Northern 
Pale 
Round-podded 


429 
429 
4.VI 
4,1^ 
4.57 
4.V' 

4.U 
4.V 
4,ii 


Shrubby  2  4311,  f  2443 

.Slfiider  t  24,sS 

Spotted  2  4.33 

Small  flowered       434 

Slr.aggliug  432 

Virg.ite  432 

St.  Peter's  Wort     2  428 

.Sii/iit/  Tree  f  lo-^ii 

Salfern  Stone-seed 

3  ".', 
Sullvhli'KiH  I25(>6 

S.ilmon  berrv  2  kii) 

.Sa/iX'/i  i  163  J 

.Salsify,  Meadow    3  209 
Sii//-i^ras\  1 4,5t 

Rus/i  f  403 

.S(7//-,;'/(7/i('  f  1390 

Sall-meadow  Grass 

I  176 
Saltof-Lemous  2  ,145 
Sa/Zrlieum  .teed  {3244 
.Stil/ueed  f  926 

Saltwort       I  5S6,  f  13.89 
Black  2  592 

.Salvini.\F.vmilvi    ,u 
.Salvinia  3} 

Samphire,  Marsh  1  582 
/tiniiiiia  f  ,3897 

.Sanc/Utiry  i  28,32 

.Sand-bur 

3   1,16,  f  2S4,  3,S9,S 

-cherry  f  i(),H,s 

-<rrass  f  1356 

.Sand myrtle  2  ,362 

-ne///e  f  2305 

-parsley  2  52,3 

-reed  1  166 

■spur  f  284 

-spurry  2    37 

-vine  3     16 

Sandalwood  Family 

I  .S.16 

.Sandweed  2    yi 

.Sandwort  2  31  -7 

Arctic  ,■^2 

J  led  f  1,314-16 

Blunt-leaved        2    .35 

Fendler's  32 

Fringed  31 

Hooker's  32 

Large-leaved  3,3 

Mountain  34 

Pine-barreu  33 

Pitcher's  34 

Purple  37 

Rock  33 

Sea-beach  y) 

Seaside  37 

.S/inuy  f  15111 

Texas  2    34 

Thyme-leaved  31 

Vernal  33 

■'^anj^  I  26,30 

Sanghara-nut  2  500 

.Sani;tceri)o/  or 

.Sang- re/  t  1281 
Sanguinary  3  4,35 

.Sanicle  2  523 

American  3  179,  f  1845 
Jt/aci-  f  2664 

Gieti/  i  1956 

Indian,  White,    3  312 
Yorkshire  3  194 


.Sai'odili.a  Family 

2  ,S9.S 
.S'lniti'n'.':  Corn  i  1316 
.Siira/i  {  1049 

.Siirditin  Xii/  f  1226 

.Sarsaparilla 

2  ,S'Vi-7.  f  1033 
/'/;•  t  12S3 

Ilristly      2  ,=07,  f  103,3 
J'lt/.sc  f  2628 

Roui;h  i  2629 

7£Mi7.i  or  )'e/lt>:r 

.     .  *  '649 

Virgini.i  3  3.16 

.Sas.safras,  Sw.iui))  3    48 
Sassafras-tiee  97 

.Sii/in  i  1740 

Satin-flower 

2  "3.i  f  1  t7,S.  >74i' 

-!,'/-<7.Vt  i  ,121-2 

Satin-pod  2  131 

■  ua/nn/  i  iSSo 

Sauce-alone  2  11,3 

Savin  i  60,  f  1,14 

Ilttr.te  f  1,11 

AVi/  f  1 1,1 

Savory,  Sunimer    3  107 

.Sti:,-:ror/  f  ,5643 

S.\XI1'KA(.K   I'AMII.Y 

2    169 

Saxifrage           2  171-77 

Aconite  177 

Ali)ine-brook  172 

Bulbous  172 

Burnet  .326 

Clustered  Alpine    174 

Drooping  172 

Havly  2  174 

Foliose  17,3 

Golden  iSi 

Gray's  173 

Kidney-leaved  176 

Lettuce  174 

Livelong  173 

Michaux's  176 

Mountain  171 

Nodding  172 

Pennsylvania  173 

Purple  171 

Sengreen  171 

.Spring  i  1S33 

Starry  2  17,3 

Swamp  173 

Three-toothed  172 

Tufted  173 

Yellow  Marsh  171 

Y'ellow  Mountain  171 

Scabby-head  2  511 

Scabious  3  249 

Sweet  ,388-9 

.Scahis/i      f  2570,  2,392-3 

Scabwort  3  404 

.Sca/dueed  i  2963 

.Stammony,  ll'i/d  f  2945 

( ierman  f  2931 

.Stdih/ree  i  ii]i!^2 

.Scar/e/-herry  '3218 

-lightning"  2     14 

Schedonnardus  1  179 

Scheuchzeria  84 

Schizaea  f  12 

Sclerolepis  3  306 

Scolochloa  1  iixj 

Scoke  594 

Scorpion-grass  3    61 

Harly  61 

Field  62 

Marsh,  Mouse-ear,  61 

Spring  63 

Yellow  and  Blue      62 

Scotch-cap  2  201 

.Scotch-mercury  3  171 

.Scouring  Rush  i    ,0 

.Scram b/ing"  Rocke/ 

f  1696 


[Vot.  III. 

I  Family 

2  595 

On  It    i  i,v6 

f  fo49 

Kl  I    1226 

a 

5.)<i-7,  f  1053 
f  128,5 

2  5117,  f  i(),s5 
f  2628 
f  2029 

f  1649 

2  506 

Swamp  2    48 

lee  07 

f  1740 


\,  i  147.S.  174" 
f  ,<2I-2 

f  iSSt) 

e  2   Il,s 

I  61),  f  I  (4 

initner    3  107 

K    I'AMII.Y 

2    I()9 
2    171-77 

■77 
rook 


1: 


il  Alpine 


leaved 


othetl 
Marsh 


2 

172 
526 

174 

172 

2   174 

175 
iHi 

'75 
176 

174 
>7.i 
176 
171 
172 

173 
171 

171 

2  175 

173 

172 

173 

.  "7' 
Mountain  171 
ad  2  511 

3  249 

388-9 

f  2570,  2.S(|2-,-5 

404 
296,5 

I',  II 'ill!  i  2945 
in  f  2g,si 

f  1982 
f  ,5218 
2  14 
I  179 
84 
f  12 

s  3  3"6 

I  I  21HJ 

594 
tras.s        3    61 

63 

62 

tlouse-ear,  61 

63 
md  Hlue  62 
I  2  201 

rcury  3  171 
^ush  I  .38 
r^  Rockel 

f  1696 


^2 


I,-,/ 

Iff 
irdns 

ria 


Vol,.  III.]      I'NCLISH  INDEX,  INCLI'DINC.  I'OriLAR  PLANT  NAMIIS. 


581 


Scratch-grass  ! 

3  220,  f  1,555 
■vecii  f,54i2 

Site:)  aiigi  r         f  112,5 
Siieu  -^leiu  i  2S87 

Scto/tila/itanl 

f  2471,  ,5242 
-roii/  i  1012 

-  .'1  rid  i  1 1 ,52 

Scnrfy  pea 

2    2S1,   f  20?S,    20<)0 

Stiiii'ish  i  25711 

Sciiriy  f  1701 

Scurvy-grass 

2    115;   3   ,522 
■;('(■<•(/  f  1(194  ; 

Sea-ash  3  555  j 

hnil  f82l! 

Sea-l)lite  i   584-5 

Atiiiiiiil  i  1,594 

// V.i/i  >  II  f  13(15 

Sea-buKloss  3    ,59 

-burdock  298 

Sea-chickweed        2    ,56 
-gill.vflower  ,595 

.Siii-x'rafc  f  1,596 

/Ciii;lislt  f  I  589 

Sea  grass 

^  505,  f  17(1,  iS,5 
■liny  f  i8,i 

-lu'llyliihk  i  24,54 

■kenips  3  2(K) 

-lavender  2  ,594 

-Inngwort  3    ,5<) 

milkwort  2  592 

-Ox-eye  3  421 

-parsley  2  510 

-pea  ,5,(o 

■fi'iipiiittl  f  1512 

-pink  2  ,595.  f  144.5 
■pnrslane  I  59S;  2  ,56 
-rocket  2  117 

-snli;e  f  821,  88,5 

-thrift  2  ,5ci5,  f  1 596 
-trifoly  "     2  592 

-<i7(j(X-  f  18,5 

Sealuvrl  f  10,59-40 

Seocu  Family      i  254 

Sedge  I  2C)2-,\(-».i 

Alpine  ,506,  ,512 

Arctic  Hare's-foot  355 
Assiniboia  i  '519 

Awl  fruited  ,54,5 

Awned  502 

Hack's  358 

Hai  ley's  21^9 

Harralt's  512 

lleak  i  048-60 

Heiit  I  328 

Ihcknell's  \,(%-\ 

Higelow's  510 

niack  306 

Itlack-edged  335 

Hlackentd  297 

Itladder  20,5 

lUnnt  lirooni  5,56 

Boott's  356 

Bottle  297 

Bristle-leaved  332 

Bristle-stalked  ,339 
Bristly  ,501 

Bristly-spiked  346 
Broad-leaved  3,50 

Broad-winged  3,59 
Bronie-like  ,5,54 

Jhoom  f  216,  220 

B"iwn  I  ,507 

Bi    vned  ,5,57 

Bi     viiish  ,551 

B   1  -reed  ,548 

Button  298 

Capitate  3.59 

Carey's  328 

Carnation  grass  ,5,50 
Carolina  317 


Sedge 

Cat-tail  I  .502  I 

Chestnut  319 

Clustered  1  ,544,  352-3 

Coast  I  340 

New  Kugland  3  519 

Collins'  I  JQ2 

Common  i  724 

Glial  i  7.i.( 

/.riser  f7ii5 

Crawc's  i  323 

Crn-i-        {  4115,  vaf.  1 

Creeping  i  ,5,(1 

Crested  357 

Curved  ,541 

Cuspidate  311 

Cyperus-like  ,5c« 

Hark  Cireen  321 

Davis'  318 
Dense  Long-beak   3110 

Dewey's  ,554 

Douglas'  342 

Downy  Green  316 

Drooping  i  311 
Drooping  Wood     320 

Dry-spiked  ,5,55 

Eastern  3,50 

Emmons'  354  '■ 

Fescue  ,559 

F'ew-flowered  2<)2 

F'ew-fruited  325 

Few-seeded  295 

Fibrous-rooted  i  555 

I'ield  325 

Fox  ,545 

Fox-tail  344 

Fragile  2<)6 

Frank's  ,501  ; 

Fraser's  3,56  ' 

Fringed  314 

Ctlancescent  322 

Cilaucous  515 

-Iteulli  f  742 

C.olden  fruited  i  3,41 

(loodcnnugh's  ,iii9 

Ciraceful  317 

C.rass-like  330 

{iray  ,521 

(".ray's  293 

Creen  324 

C.reenisli-white  3,59 

Hairy-fruited  ,502 

Hairy  ,?ii6 

Hair-like  320 

Hammer  ^71.5 

Handsome  i  31.'^ 
Hare's-foot  1  ,5,53,  3,56 

Hart  Wright's  2c;c) 

Hay  357 

Hayden's  ,518 

Heavy  345 

Hidden-fruited  314 

Hillside  355 

Hirsute  310 

Hitchcock's  325 

llotiry  f  847 

Hop  1  294  , 

Hoji-like  21)4  i 

Hoppner's  310 

Houghton's  ,505 

Hudson  Bay  352 

Inland  3,50 
Involute-leaved      341 

James'  537 

Large  2^5 

Large-panicled  ,343 

Leavenworth's  349 

Lenticular  ,509 
Lesser  Panicled      344 

Lesser  Prickly  ,548 

Little  Prickly  3.50 

Livid  331 

Long  2C)3 

Long-awned  313 

Long-beaked  319 


Sedge 

Long-bracted  1  323 

Long-stalked  ,533 

I.oiise-nowertd  327 
Loose  flowered 

Alpine  312 

Low  Noithern  ,532 

Louisiana  294 

Magellan  515 

Marsli  f7o5 

Marsh  Straw  1  358 

Meadow        I  322,  3,54 

Mead's  I  327 

Mud  31,5 

Muhlenberg's  ,540 

Muskingum  355 

^tyrllc  f883 

Nard  1  ,540 

Narrow-leaved  321 

Nebraska  ,508 

Necklace  207 

New  ICugland  ,534 

-coast  3  5119 

Nodding  I  315 

Northeastern  296 

Tin  hern  3,54 
Northern  Clustered 

1  ,552 
Northern  Meadow  ,5,54 

Noiway  351 

Oval  headed  34c) 

Pale  324 

Parry's  ,507 

Particolored  331 

Pennsylvania  33,5 

I'ink  iiaf  f  -fd 

Plaiilaiii-leaved  I  329 

Pointed  Broom  3,5fi 

Porcupine  ,500 

Pricklv          I  348,  350 

Grinler        "  f  S38 

Pubescent  I  3,56 

Rae's  295 

Kavcn's-foot  343 

Kedowsky's  ,540 

Keflexed  347 

Ketrorse  2<)8 

Ribbed  316 

Kichardson's  332 

Kiver  bank  503 

Kock  3,58 

Rough  ,504 

Russet  2C)6 

.Sallow  299 

Salt  marsh  310 

Sand  ,342 

Sartwell's  ,546 

Schweinilz's  31K1 

Scirpus-Iike  557 

Sea                 f 821,  883 

Seabeach  I  3,58 

Seaside  314 

Sharp-scaled  318 

Sheathed  326 

.Short-leaved  312 

Short  s  303 

Silvery  ,551 

Slender  305 

Slender-'^talked  320 

Slender  Wood  328 

Soft  Fox  342 

Soft-leaved  346 
Southern  Claucous 

I  ,515 

Sparse-flowered  352 

Spreading  329 

S<iuarrose  501 

Stellate  347 

Straw  3,58 

Summer  317 

Swamp  505 

Surei  f  883 

Texas  1   547 

Thicket  3,50 

Thin-frniltd  322 


Sedge 

Thin  leaved  i  ,548 

Thread-leaved  3,59 

Three-fruited  3,5,5 

Torrey's  324 

Tuckerman's  2C)8 

Tutted  f  724 

Tussock  I  ,5C» 

Twi'-led  311 

I'mbel  like  ,5,55 

Variable  326 

Variegated  307 

Velvet  3114- 

Vernal  3.55; 

Walter's  30.^4 

Water  ,5tK> 

Weak  Arctic  ,338! 

Weak  Clustered     3,53 

White-hear  329 

White-scaled  555 

Whitish  f847 

Willdenow's  i  ,537 

Wood's  326 

Woolly  305 

Vellow  323 

Yellow-fruited  345 

Yellowish  292 

•See-btight  3  1 01 

Seed-box  2  479 

Sklagi.vklla  Family 

I    44 

Selaginella  44-5 

Selenia  2  1 54 

Self-heal  3  88-9 

Seneca  Snakeroot  2  ,560 

Senecio  3  476 

Arctic  476 

Douglas'  481 

Sea-btacli  476 

Se>ief;aroiit  f  2285 

Sengreen  2  168 

-saxifrage  171 

Seiilin/aiiac  i  2,549 

.Sknna  Family  2  256 

Senna,  American  2,58 

Coffee  25() 

Low  2,58 

I'rairie  f  2055 

Sukle  f  2056 

Wild  2  25S 

Sensitive-brier  2,56 

-fern  1      9 

-Joiut-vetch  2  312 

-pea  257-8 

-plant        2  2,57,  f  2032 

Bastard  2  312 

rose  t  2031 

Siiivie  f  1700.  1701 

Serenia  3  263 

Serfieiitffrass  i  131S 

Serpentary  i  540 

Serpen  I' s-louqjie  i  i 

Service-berry       2  237-9 

Ser-'iee-lree  i  1085 

American  2  233 

Sesban  296 

Selwell  3  245 

Set  eii-hari  i  1858 

-iisters              f  2332-3 

Shad- hush  2  23S,  f  1985 

-flo-ier       i  1755,  2774 

Shag-bark             I  4S5-6 

I.iltle  i  1 1 57 

Southern  3  51 1 

Shaki  rs  f  4,55 

ah  ame-faee  it  239 

-•■ine  f  2031 

Shamrock      2  272,  275, 

270.  345 
/in/ian  f  1047 

llalei  {5889 

Sha-re-giiiss  il'ecd    f  84 
Shavings  '2845 

Shn7tnee:tPi'(i      f  3368 
Sheath-flower         3  314 


■^~— '^- 


582 


1;NGLISH   index,  INCLUDINC.  POITLAR  plant  NAMl'S.      [\'uu.  in. 


SliLtp-berry  3  2.^j,  f.u+s 

-bine  3    20 

■bur  29> 

Sht't-f>  hiir.  .Sum//  t  3021 

Shfcp  foot  3  2S1) 

SlitJCi)-Uiirel  ,V).i 

-//.(■  f.VH'i 

S/ii'fpiiosi-  f  1910 

Sliecp  poison  2  503 

SliLi-proDt,  -rot      3  194 

Sliet])  sorrel 

1  547,  f  2250-1,  2254 
P.iisoii  t  2254 

.Sbei.-p'.><-go\v;iii        2  i-'i 

Sluiupuved  2  l^;  3  194. 

f  2430 

SlK-ll-liark  I  4*5 

Jin:,  T/iiik.        i  ^\y■^ 

ll'tiltrii  i  1155 

Sliell-llower  3  149 

Slieplierd's  Clock  2  ^^i}, 

■L-/ll/>  f  i.'2u 

-(/(•//;■/(/  f  2>-'4 

-needle  2  5',i 

-purse,  -biig,  -poucli 

-slalT  3  24S 

-WeaUier-sl.iss  2  593 
Slierartl,  Herb  3  2211 
S/ii-riif-pin/i  f  ?,'/'>^ 

Shield-fern  i  I's-i^ 

-root  i  Tp 

S/iiii/iiQ'-grais 

f  1634.  23^S 
Shin-leaf 

2  550,  f  2727,  2732-3 
.S/iiit-:ro<iii  I  135 
Shitlini-wood 

2  596,  f  2S33 
S/iof-iiial-i-  i  2349 

S/i<'c:i-inii/-S/Oc'iiiti;'.<, 

Lady's  i  2c)■^4 

Slioe-striiiRS  2  2^7 

/>e:'i/'s  fill: 

.S/ioo  I'ly  f  2050 

SliootinV  .Star         2  594 
Shore  K'r^iss,  -weed 

3  211 
S/ioi/-li II sk,  111  a rded 

S/ior/s/iiic/cs  f  115 

S/io/biisli  i  262> 

S/ii>:r/-:i-eed  f  17,52 

Shrub  Vellow-root 

2    55 

Shrubby  Althaea      420 

■/em  f  ii(j2 

-trefoil  2  35J 

S/iuiiis  f  2655 

Sibbaldia  2  217 

Si  Iberian  Oilseed  f  1753 

.S;c<-/( -.;'r(!iof    f  739,  1355 

Sickle-pod  2  149 

aick/e-sciiiia  f  2036 

-erm/  f  1333 

-wort  3  7&,  »S 

vSida  2  421 

Side-saddle  Flower    i(io 

SieRlintfia  i  185;  3  503-4 

Silt-grass 

f  312,  1027,  3652 

Silkp/ant  ^3,379 

>Silk-weed  3  5,  10 

M'ic  or  Swamp  f  2905 

Si/ltygrass  ^3'^' 

Silver-beard  i  217 

Silver-bell  Tree      2  598 

Silver-berry  467 

-billion  f  3851) 

-chain  2  294 

-chickweed  38 

-feallier  f  1934 

-/(/•,  American    f  126 

-grass  3  322 

Silverhead  2    3S 


Siher-leaf        2  309,  4<i3. 

^fiX.  3  +11.  *  '53^.  ''^"'t 
Si/rer-piii,  /ihiii  i  165"^ 
Silver-rod  3  333 

-weed       2  21C],  i  i63>i, 
iS.^i.  238S-9,  3676 
Situpler'.-i  joy        '3     70 
Simeon.  Sunpson      4!»2 
Sink/ie/d  i  M35 

Sisynibnuui,  Tall  2  1  ih 
Sil/iist  i\t.\> 

Skeilge.  Skedgwith 

2  6<54 
Slced/oik  i  1707 

.S,{-Cl,''> 

;/■,;,'(■)■,  )•<//":.,  f  1077 

Skektotl-wted         3  270 

Skevisli  3.SS 

Ski:,  CI  :,  ,h>d  f  230^ 

Skiver-wnod  2    (ii5 

Skull-cap  3  7S->3 

/t'//'t'  f  3075 

]!:ilton's  3'    >2 

Downy  79 

Druunnond's  Si 

Jun\>fti-aii  f  3o'*7 

li.iiry  3    >o 

Heart-leaved  So 

Hvssop  80 

/..'('-(■-//.•;.  tv,-,/f  3080 

Larger  3    >o 

/.;///(■  l3'i'^3 

Mad-dog  3    71) 

Marsli  8,; 

Prairie  >2 

Resinou-^  81 

Kock  82 

Sliiiwy  79 

.Si,/,:-r/it:,criii^  f  3075 

Small  3    M 

Veined  83 

Skunk-biisli  2  3^7 

-eal)l)aije    I  3'i3,  f  1801 

Skiink-ciirraiil      i  i>72 

-.-,,<•,/  f.-<Si 

S/,rk-/t-at'  i  2754 

S/tepiiii;  HtJiily   f  2250 

S/i'epv  hick  f  ioi<( 

Slink-:,  c-ed    t  254).  3502 

S/ifpers  "    i  "2389 

Slip/yri-r.Hh'  f  1092 

.:,iYd  f  2388 

.Slippery  eliu  I  525 

Sloe       ■        2  250;  3  233 

A/lef;/iaiir  f  2.)I2 

S/i))it'-n/,;i»i  f  2010 

Slovenwood  3  4(j4 

Sliink-,ceed  »  ,3f>i5 

.Smallaffe  2  ,533 

Sina//-piKV  p/anl  f  i.'<iii 

Sniartweed  i  ,560 

Sinellnic  -S/iik      i  1054 

Sinirk  Sni,irk         f  1724 

Smidd]'-li-aves      i  1370 

Smii.ax  Family  i  438 

Sinilax  439 

Suioke-tree,  Wild  2  3^9 

Siiiokiiiif-bian       f  3367 

Sna/iles  f  3335 

Sna^^-biisli  i  2016 

Snai;  Tree  f  2721 

Snake-berry 

3  137.  j  1554,  3404 
■bile  I  l,^^.   1665 

-flower  3  (hj.  95,  f  1455, 
1477,  2822,  3056 
-g.ntian  3  2N) 

-urass         3  61,  I  1477 
-head  3  149 

-lea/,  Vellozo      i  1012 
-///)'  f  1069 

-milk  f  2^21 

-moss  i  </> 

Snake-raoutli  1  467 

U'norled  fin? 


Snake-pipes         i  77,  Ni 
Snake  root  I  540; 

2  523-4,  f  1554.  4"47 
Hlack  2  56,  •,2^.  i  2Mrf) 
Button  2  522,  3  315-1^ 
Canada  i  5','^ 

Od/sioo/  i  1277 

Crrn  f  2iit)ii 

De  Witt's  3  290 

Kieixreen  122^'* 

//ev;;/  f  1277 

Heart  leaved        2     57 
l'ois,'ii  i  2(>^| 

A'edberrv  i  15,4 

.S,llllpS,'ll 

f  2S74-5,  288.1 
Samson's  2  2S5 

Seneca  360 

Siiiilliern  f  1277 

'J'liernion  i  1441 

I'eniiont  i  1277 

Virginia  1  54" 

White  3  31- 

ll'lii/eberrj'       f  I5S5 
;r/A/  f3i»,5 

Snake-tongue  3  4114,  f  i 
Snake-:,  red 

f  I2.>I,  MI 6,  2604 

li/aik  '     fi2-s 

Poison  i  2DS4 

Siiaphri  );r  f  34^4 

Snai)dr,ij;on       3  147-8, 

i  15111,  23>"<.  32'i6 

Corn  f  3241 

.V/;i//i  /,ick  f  1477 

Snappers       i  1443,  1477 

Snap-weed  2  403-4' 

f  1 056.  23ft '^ 

Snap-:io,td  i  16511 

.Sueezeweed       3  4511-51 

Snee/^ewort  3  454 

-tansy  454 

-yarrow  4=4 

Snidde/  f  705 

Sill':, -ball,  Li /lie  i  •540; 

Wild  2'  407 

Snowberry  3  235-6 

Creeping  2  5S1 

Snow-blossoin  6.13 

-dri//  i  1775,  17SS 

.Snowdon  Rose        2  165 

Sno:,dr,ip  <  345' 

}'el/o:c  f  1012 

Snowdrop-berry     3  235 

Snowdro])  Tree      2  598 

Siio:,  dr,ips  f  1576 

Snoiifiake  f  1471 

Siio:ciJlo:i'er  Treet  2^45 

Sno:c-oii-tlie-.Moiiiilain 

i  2322 

Siio:ty  Campion   i  1442 

■Ilydraii'^ea       f  1851) 

Soap.  Poor-man's  f  1884 

SoaI'HEkrv  Family 

2  402 

Soapberry  402 

-planl,  Indian   f  2386 

-rool  i  1466 

Siap-:ieed  t  1026 

Soapwort  2    18 

-gentian    2  616,  f  1466 

.Soap:,  oil.  While  i  I45() 

.Soldier  Uullons    I  1545 

Soldiers  2  473, 

f  1456,  1973.  3023 

Soldier's-cap  2  104 

■plume  f  1 1 12 

-woundwort        3  455 

.Soleiiline  »  23'?8 

Solomon 's-seal 

I  43"-i,  433-4,  *  1097 
Dicar/  i  1039 

I'alse  i  1 03 1 -2 

Greal  or  Giant  i  1040 
SmallorZig:agi  1031 


.Sophora,  .Silky       2  263 
Sorrel  i  517 -8,  553 

Coik,  Knglisli    f  i.ioi 
Co:,-  f  I2()9 

Genl/eman's      f  1299 
Green  or  Meado:,' 

f  1,301 

Horse        f  1299,  '3'>7 

Ladies'     2  34(j,  f  22,54 

Meado:,'  f  1301 

Mniiiilain  f  1299 

A''(/  or  Wood      i  1299 

Sheep  1  547, 

f  2250-1.  2254 

Toad's  f  1299 

Sorrel-tree  2  571,  f  2770 

.Sour-  or  .S,<:(  -/lerry 

f  2799 

.Soiir-biisli  i  3068 

Sour  dock  i  548, 

f  1299,  1300,  1 315 

-grass         f  1299,  1301 

Sour  grass,  Ladyi  2254 

Sonr-gum    2  547,  f  2723 

-leek  t  1299 

-trefoil.  -Iri/oly  2  345 

-wood  571 

Southernwood        3  41)4 

.Sow-bane     I  573,  f  13(18 

-berry  f  2799 

-foot  3  469 

■gr,iss  flfjji 

Sow-thistle  3  271-2 

-HI  f  iSi/s,  ifjio 

.Spanish  I'.ayonet    i  426 

Spanisli  Lettuce     2      4 

.Spani.sh  Needles    3  439 

.Sparkk-berry  2  580 

.SpiirriK,  -grass      t  1028 

-longiie  f  1337 

Span  i   945 

Spatter-dock  2    42 

.Spattling  Poppy     2      9 

Spear-grass  i  201-8,  214 

.\lpine  I  203 

Arctic  203 

liuckley's  208 

Ilnncli  f  478 

Chapman's  I  202 

Flexuons  206 

C.lancous  205 

Large-flowered       208 

Low  201-2 

Meadozf  f  4S8 

Jlountain  i  203,  f  464 

Northern  I  205 

Prairie  208 

Sea  214 

Short-leaved  207 

.Soiilherii  i  431 

.Sylvan  i  206 

Weak  I  206 

Wolf's  207 

.Spearmint 

3  119,  ^31*3-4 
Spearwort  3  75-6 

Speckled  /ezcels     f  2388 
Spee<lweil 
Alpine  3  168 

Huxbaum's  170 

Byzantine  170 

Common  168 

Corn  i6g 

Field  170 

C.arden  170 

('■ermander  168 

Ivy-leaved  170 

Marsh  167 

Procumbent  170 

Purslane  169 

Skull-cap  167 

Tall  i  3299 

Thvme-leaved     3  169 
Upland  168 

Wall  169 


f 

[V(Ji..  III. 

Silk}-      2  2f)3 

I  5t7-«.  ,\S3 

iii^lisli    i  \,\o\ 

i  i2()9 

iaii'<:      i  12911 

r  Mecid.'u- 

i  1 301 

f  r2<ic,,  1307 

2  340,  f  22S4 

f  1301 

ill              i  I2Q() 

H\>ot1     f  1299 

1  M7. 

f 2250-1.  2254 

f  1299 

e  2  571,  f  2770 

^t':c-l<eiiy 

' 

i  2709 

(               f  V)6H 

1  5(8, 

299,  I3rxi.  131,5 

f  1299,  1 301 

v.t,  Ltidvi  2254 

2  547,  f  2723 

f  1299 

■tiifoly  2  345 

571 

vood        3  4f)4 

I  573,  *  i.V'S 

12799 

3  469 

f  1^91 

le          3  271-2 

f  iS.,--,  1910 

'.aymiet    i  426 

.c-tUice     2      4 

Cufclles    3  439 

;rry          2  5.S0 

iirasi      f  IU28 

f  13,17 

f    94.S 

)Ck            2     42 

I'oppy     2      9 

ss  I  21JI-8,  214 

I  203 

21M 

•'s                208 

f478 

all's          I  202 

IS                 2i>6 

IS              _           20,S 

owe  red       2u8 

201-2 

0               f  4S8 

ill  I  203,  f  464 

•11              1  20s 

2o8 

214 

;avea           207 

■n             f  431 

I  206 

I  206 

207 

I 

3  119,  {3183-4 

t             2  75-6 

Je-vels     t  238S 

3  i68 

m's             170 

ne               170 

11                 168 

169 

170 

170 

der              168 

i-ed               1 70 

167 

bent            170 

e                  169 

ap                 167 

*3299 

•leaved    3  169 

168 

I69 

Vol..  III.]      ENGLISH  INDEX,  INCLUDING  I'OPULAR  PLANT  NAMES. 


583 


Speedwell 

Water  3  167 

Speerliawk  282 

.Spriiixe  f  102S 

Speriiiolepis  2  537 

Spice-berry  ,S72 

-busli  2  98,  fi65o.  2627 

-r.'OOi/  f  i6,v> 

Si)ider-flo\ver  2  i,S5 

■/ily  f')i" 

Sl'IDERWOKT  I'AMII.V 

»  374 
Spiderwoit  ,',77-8;  3  510 

SpiKnet  2  ^iiij 

Spikenard  i  429 

American  2  •.<^'> 

False  i  I1131 

J'/iiiit^/iiiiaii's  {,(834 

Small  2  506 

Wild  1  429 

Spikenard-tree  2  ,so6 

Spike-rush  i  24S 

lleaked  2,V) 

lllack-l'iuitod  254 

llri^lit  Green  2,vi 

Capitate  250 

Creeping  2,ii 

ICiiReliiiann's  251 

Flat-stemmed  2;i 

Knotted  2t8 
Large-tubercled     2^3 

J.easI  i  5S7 

Matted  I  25,=; 

Needle  232 

Ovoid  2.51 

Pale  249 

Purple  250 

Quailrangular  249 

Kobbins'  249 

Slender  25,5 

Small-fruited  253 

Three-ribbed  254 

Twisted  25,^ 

White  2.S4 

Wolf's  232 

Spilaiitliis  3  4'4 
Spiiiaih,  French  1  1369 

.Sliniibfity  f  137,=; 

iniii       i  iT,^<).  1370 

Spindle-tree 

2  .TO5.  i  2367 
Spingel  2  525 

.Spink  i  1470.  1724 

Spiraea  2  196-7 

.Spins        i  290,  3S0,  420 
,S/>iri/-:teeii  i  io<)i 

.St>h'en-anuiraiilli  f  1399 
Spleenwort  i     22 

Sec  Fern 
.Sfi/ceituor/bns/i  fii62 
.S/>i>o/-:,iWd  f  I2I2 

JSpoc'ii/ltKier,  A iio:c- 

leaved    f  879 
Spooit/iunt  f  2757 

.Spoonhulch  i  27,50 

.Spoiiiraoi'l  f  1694 

Spoon-wood  2  564 

,Spooiiu'ood-ivy     f  2756 
.Spraiiglts  i  2396 

SpriiiK  Beauty 

2  3.  i  1578 

ll'liile-leaved     i  1430 

.Spn'nii-cozLslip     f  1545 

-///.r  tioi3 

Spririfrwort  2  377 

Spruce  I  54-5,S 

Black  I  55,  f  121 

Blue  i  122 

Ca/  f  121-2 

/double  t  122.  127 

Heni!och  f  124 

/'/«?  f  121 

Red  I    55 

.Single  f  121,  121) 

.SHunk  fi2i 


Spruce 

Swamp  3  V^' 
White           I  54,  f  122 

.Sprutc-ffinii  liec  f  122 
Sl'l-Riili  Faiiilv 

2  361-81 
Spurge  2  ^71-81 

Alleuhany  Mt.  2  384 

Aiiicled  375 

IShuk  <  2314 

Blooming  2  .^75 

I!lotc:ie<l  ,-,7,! 

Blunt-leaved  37^ 

Broad-leaved  37S 

Caper  377 

Cypress  3^1 

Darlington's  37^ 

Fendler's  374 

I'UnveiiiiK  375 

Caidi-n  f2U7 

Hairy  3  518 

"  Siireaditig  3  373 

Hciary  ,;74 

CieyL-r'^  372 

Ipecac  377 

Kiiotweed  371 

Large  Spotted  375 

Leafv  38.1 

-Myrtle  377 
Narrow-seeded       ,;74 

Nicaean  3S1 

Petty  370 

Prairie  371 
Ouack  SaUcr's  3M 
Reticulate-seeded  379 

Ridge-seeded  373 
Round-leaved 

"  Spreading  372 
Rocky  Mountain    381 

Seaside  371 

Shoii-  i  2,V)7 

Spotted  2  373 

Sun  370 
Thyme-leaved         372 

Tinted  3>'c 

Toothed  370 
Tpriglit  Spotted     375 

Wirieifatid  f  2322 
Various-leaved    2  377 

Wait  f  2332 

Will  ted  i  2320 

Warty  2  370 
While-flowered  371 
White-margined     376 

Spuixt'-fln.v  f  2534 

■ipecac  f  2325 

-laurel  2  465 

Spurge  Nettle  2  3'>v 

Spurge  Olive  465 

Spurry  2  36-7 

Knotted  f  1498 

.Spurl-i;rass  f  627 

Spurwort  3  226 

.Si/ua.sli-l'eiiy  13437 

Squatinoi  c  t  1607 

Siiuaw-fevrr  f  271P 

-bush        '  3  2,-v), 

<27i4.  343.S 

■drops  i  335> 

-flouer  t  1047 

-huckleberry  2  580 

-mint  3  106 

■plum  ^3404 

-root  3  197. 
f  1047,  1643 

-vine  3  216 

Squaw-weed  3  475 

Northern  479 

Robbins'  480 

Round-leaf  478 

Small's  479 

Swamp  480 

Western^  480 

Squirrel-c^i  2  104 

■cup  f  1578 


Sijuiircl 

■cm  .  . .,,. 

■pci,  Ground     f  l(-)45 
■slioes  i  1 1 189 

Staff-Tree  Family 

2  ,393 

StalTlree  39O 

-vine  ,Vi'' 

Stag-biisli  3  233 

Slaggerbusli  2  $('») 

-grass  I  444 

■  :,ccd  f  1562,  1671 

-wort  3  482 

.Sliif^lioi  n  t  2548 

Slaifliorn^infl^s  I'.i'' 

Stammer  root         3  295 

Stanleya  2  109 

Starcliuorl  i  >^-i> 

.Star-bloom  f  2S48 

■cliiclr.i  ecd  f  1476 

■eyed  1^1  ass         i  1085 

•flow-er  2  ,592, 

f  1019,  1477.  1935 

Star-grass    '  i  ,v8o.  425. 

I  440;  2  3S1;  3  227 

Star-leaved  Gum    2  193 

Star-of-Bctlilehem 

I  423-4,  f  2822.  3-,03 

St;ir-of-Jerusaleiii  3  209 

Star-quince  2  245 

-)-;).'/  f  1023 

Stare  t  724,  821 

Starlights      ^  2  344 

Starry  Campion  8 

.Starieacre  i  1625 

Starwort,  Bog         2     21 

Drooping  i  402 

Greater  2     22 

Lesser  23 

.Ucaly  f  1023 

Mountain  2    34 

Pine  3  393 

Sandpaper  ,^0; 

Water  2  382 

Yellow  3  404 

Starwnrls  354 

Staverwort  482 

Slcdfast  f  2304 

Sleep-grass  3  194 

Steeple-bush  2   196 

Stenaiithiuni        I  403-4 

Stenopliylhis  2,58 

Stenosii)lioii  2  499 

Stenotus  3  320 

Slepmollier  12511 

Sicvia  f  3629 

Stick-aback  3  220 

Stick-button  484 

Stickleback  220 

Stickseed     3  54-6,  438. 

*I957 

Stick-tight 

3  43'^,  f  3"2i,  3023 

-weed  3  295. 

*  1957,  3924 

Old  I'lrgmia     13800 

Stini^inq;-bush  i  2305 
-nettle  i  531 

Stipa  I  1,37-S 

Stitchw-ort,  Bog  2  21 
Fleshy  24 

Greater  22 

Lesser  23 

Long-leaved  22 

Long-stalked  23 

Marsh  21 

Northern  21 

Sicamp  i  1474 

Water  a    24 

Stonecrop,  Biting  2  166 
Crooked  Yellow  167 
Ditch  169 

Mossy  166 

Narrow--petaled      166 
Nevius'  16S 


Stonecrop 

Redexed  2   167 

riiire-lcaved      i  1818 

Torreys  3  166 

Virginia  169 

Wild  167 

Stone-mint  3  116 

-root  123 

rue  f53 

-seed,  Sal  fern      3    63 

■ueed  11,(37 

Stokax  Family   2  ,598 

Storax  ,509 

Stork's-bill  344 

Strainoniuui    3  125,  139 

Straugle-tare 

2  328,  f  336i-)-2 

Strangle-weed        3    27 

.Stra-f-tv!l  f  i|86 

Strawberry  2  206-7 

American  Wood     207 

Barren      2  218,  i  1922 

/■'";■  *  19.(7 

Dry  2  218 

Kuropean  Wood 

2  207 
Hedvc  f  1910 

Inilian      2  20S,  f  1375 
Mocli  f  11(12 

.Mountain  i  igo) 

Nortliern  Wild    2  2, 16 
Scarlet  206 

Southern  Dry      3  516 
Virginia  206 

WiUl  216 

Yellow  208 

Strawberry  Blite     I  576 
•bush 

2  394,  f  1650,  2367 
-spinach  i  1375 

Strawukrky-Shrvh 

Family    2    94 
Strawberrv-shrub 

2  95;  3  19 
■tassel  i  22S1 

-tomato 

3  126,  1 28,  131-2 
■  lice  f  2,167 

.Stra  :t  -lilies  f  988 

Stuartia  2  426-7 

Stub-wort  2  343 

Stiid-flozcer  £971 

Styptic-zceed  f  2038 

Succory.  Gum         3  270 
Dwarf  Hog's  or 

Swine's         265 

Lamb  265 

Wild  3  262 

Succorv  Dock-cress  262 

Suck -bottle  9,'> 

Suckles  2  276 

Suckling.  Yellow-       275 

Lamb  279 

Sugar-berry 

I  526,  f  198,5 
Sugar  Maple  2  398 

-pear         2  238,  f  1985 
Sugar-plum 

t  1985,  2075 

Suaar-tree  2  ,398 

SuUivautia  2  177 

Sr.MAC  Family     2  3.85 

Sumac,  A  mer.       i  2348 

Black  2  386 

Chinese  3,55 

Climbing  i  2353 

Common  i  2347 

Dwarf  2  3S6 

Fragrant  387 

Hairy  f23t8 

Ill-scented  2  387 

Mountain  2  386,  f  1975 

Pennsylvania    i  2349 

Poison  3  388 

Scarlet  387 


584 


ICNGLISH  INDI'X,  INCLUDING  POl'l'LAR  I'LANT  NAMKS.      [Vol.  III. 


Siiinnc 

.V/ft*  f  2,U0 

Smooth  2  387,  f  2,M7 
Stnghorn  a  386 

Sunnif)  f  23s J 

Sweetsifiitid  3  .iH; 
Ttiiilhii;  f  2.(51 

rpliiiid'  J  .v'^t 

/'(•/:■(•/  f  2348 

I'ifuiitia  1  2,148 

While  f  2,Uy 

Sum  me  r 
-/«/(;(■  f  1790 

-savory  j  107 

•Snuujlake  t  1019 
SUNKEW  1''AMILV  J  itio 
Sundew  2  1(^1-2 

Siindiitl  i  2057 

Sundrops         3  489-491 
Sunflower  3  422,  f  2824 
Hrook  3  436 

Common  \:2 

False  3  412,  450 

Few-leaved  424 

Ganirn  f  .VP" 

Giant  3  425 

Hairy  42(1 

Hairy  Wood  423 

Linear-leaved  422 
Maximilian's  425 

Narrow-leaved  422 
OblonR-leaved  42f) 
Pale-leaf  Wood  427 
Prairie  423 

Purple-disk  423 

Red  420 

Rough  426 

Saw-tooth  425 

Small  Wood  424 

Smooth  424 

Showy  428 

Stiff  3  423 

Stiff-haired  428 

Swamp  422,  450 

Tall  3  425 

Throat  wort  427 

Thin-leaved  427 

Tick- seed 

.    3  439-40,  i  39,17 
Wild  3  427, 

ri?<''.  .%'«-',  ,W7 

Woodland  3  426 

Woolly  428 

Sun-plant  3      6 

-rose  439 

•weed  379 

Suppk-Jack  404 

Siilerbfirv  i  2269 

Swallow-wort 

3  103;  3  5.  >6 

Orange  f  2900 

Si/iy  1 2914 

Swamp-apple  3  558 

■  heirv  i  1897 
-brake  ig 
-cabbage  i  881 
■fern  i  30 
-glohefJiKier  i  1548 
-liornbeain  f  2721-2 

■  redberry  1  2799 
-Robin  i  880 
-spruce  3  496 
-wood        3  466, 1  3403 

Swan-weed  3  367 

Sii'cal-root  '2093 

Sueal-ueed  f  2414 

Sweating-weed      3  425 

Siveeps  f  965.  4077 

Swell  Allison       i  1788 

Sweet-bay     3  48,  f  1652 

■bean  i  2041 

-lienjamin         f  4006 

■berry  1 3444 

-Hetsies  i  1650 

-birch       3  581,  f  1 213 


Sweet 

•  /.V//1' 

f  \.\(-,(> 

Sweet  brier 

2  232 

liroom 

31 ' 

-bush 

f  11(12 

■cane 

f  883 

Sweet-cicely 

3  531  >-V 

Hairy 

f  2(180 

Sweet-clover 

3   273-4 

-fern 

I   489 

■ferry 

f  ll(.2 

Sweet  I'lag 

«    ,564 

I-alse 

f  1077 

Sweet  Kale 

I   487 

Canada 

f  1 162 

Sweet  grass  3 

227,  f  883 

Sweet  gum 

3    19.1 

hairhoof 
-hay 

3  227 

I  1954 

.s'.-i  eelhearl 

f  1812 

Sweethearts 

3  220 

Suett-iarvil 

f  2t)8o-8i 

Su  eel- /oh  n 

f '47> 

SWKET-LUAF 

Family 

3   507 

Sweet-leaf 

597 

-^rary        i 

313'.  3'44 

-m\i'lU 

f  883 

-pea,  Wild 

3   292 

-pepper-bus 

1    3   548-9 

■polalo.  Il'i/d     i  2945 

-rockil 

UlT, 

-rool,  -rush 

-scabious 

3  388-9 

•scented  Shrub  3    95 

■sedge 

f883 

■shrub 

f  1650-1 

-slum  her 

f  1665 

-Susan 

f  1450 

■Iree 

^  2375 

•  ualnul 

i  1 154 

Sweet  William 

3  20,  f 

1457,  2972 

Barbadoes 

3    22 

f  1468 

Childinti 

Mock 

f  1450 

Wild     3  33, 

14,  f  1466 

S:reel-U'il/o:c 

<H59 

S:t  eel   Wilson 

*  1833 

Swine-cress 

2  113 

S:cine's-h<i»e 

i  1368-9 

Suine'sgrass 

i  133- 

Swinies 

3  272 

Su  ilch-grass 

f  270 

Sxioid-flai; 

i  1077 

■grass 

f  290,  618 

Sycamore    3 

194.  1 1254 

False 

f  !88i 

Synandra 

»  1956 

.S>«(/ari' 

Syrian   Tobai 

TO     T  1225 

Syringa 

a  185-6 

Tacamahac 

I  491 

Talinum 

2        2 

Tallou-bayhe 

>/l'  f  1160 

■rool 

'    fii44 

-shrub 

f  1160 

Tamarack 

>    54 

Tangleberry 

i  574 

Tangle-fool 

t  3434 

■legs 

I  3434 

-lail 

f  1813 

Tank 

2  514 

Tansy 

3  460-1 

C.oose 

a  2i6 

Lake  Huron        3  461 

Sneezewort 

or  White 

3  454 

Wild         3 

216;  3  295 

Tansy  Mustard           145 

Tansy  Ragwort      3  482 

Tape-Grass  Family 

I    92 

Tape- grass 

93 

Tar-fitch,  Yellow   2  332 

Tar  weed     1  473;  3  321 

Tare  a  328-9 

Tare-grass  f  522 

Tarn/'y  f  1783 

Tassel  3  492 

■Jiouer,  Red  12112 

//■/;//(  f  210<i 

Tassel {>ond-i  ccd    f  176 
■""''''  *  3593 

Tiiuktn  f  882 

Tka  Family  3  426 

Tea,  Appalachian 

3  301 ,  f  2351) 
Canada  f  2775 

Carolina  3  3<m 

Coiilinenlal        f  2742 
Labrador  3  557 

Marsh  557 

Mountain  572 

New  Jersey  407 

Oswego    3  IC12.  f  3133 
Paraguay  (False) 

„  '  \^^^^ 

Pidirii  I  2292 

South  Sea  3  301 

Suamp  i  2741 

Walfiole  f  2',n() 

(/•//,/  f2'l03 

Teaberry 

2  189,  572,  f  2798 
Tea-pliinl  f  3444 

Tear-thumb  1  567 

Teaskl  Fa.mily  3  247 
Teasel,  Common  248 
Card,  Draper's,  248 
Fuller's,  Wild,  248 
Teil.  Tile,  f  2413,  note 
Ten-o'clock  f  1019 

Tench-ueed  f  142 

Tenluorl  f  53 

Tetragonotheca  3  414 
Tetter-wort  2  103,  11665 
Thale-cress  3  146 

Thalia  1  455 

Thaspium  2  518 

Thalch  i  270 

Creek  1  176. 

f  405  var.  I 
Thelespernia  3  441 

Tlielypodium  3  110 
Thermopsis  264-5 

Thickslamen, 

A  men  I  a  n    f  2345 

Thimble-berry      a  2ni. 

f  1890-1,  1898 

-flower  3    88 

Thimble-weed         3  63; 

3  417,  f  1576,  2112 

Thimbles         3  171,  253 

Fairy  171 

Witches   3  491,  f  3300 

Thistle  Family  3  '298 

Thistle  3  4H5 

Argentine     3  490,  491 

Asses'  491 

Bank  3  485,  489 

Bell,  Bird,  liulton,  485 

Jliller  f  4081 

Blessed  3  493 

Blue  3  69.  485 

Jioar  1 4058 

Bull  3  485,  f  4067 

Buck  3  489 

llriery  iif^i 

Bur  3  298,  485 

Canada,  Corn,     3  489 

Card  248 

Common.  Bur,         4S5 

Cotton,  Down,        .491 

Creeping,  Cursed,  489 

Curled  490 

Field,  485 

Flowering         i  i(j6i 

Fragrant  3  488 

i     Fuller's  248 


Thistle 
Hard  3  489 

Hare's  273 

Hedgehog  3  461 

Hills  3  488 

Holy  3  490,  14081 
Horse  485,  f  3537 

Indian  '3401 

/aniaica  i'ello:f 

f  1663 
Milk  3  272,  490 

Musk  3  4S9,  f  4075 
Nebraska  3  4S7 

Oat  491 

Our  Lady's  493,  i  4074 
Pasture  '    3  488 

Pitcher's  486 

Plume  4S5 

Plumeless  489 

Prairie  3  4S7,  f  4063 
Prieky  i  4071 

(Jueen  Ann's  3  489 
yueen  Mary's  401 
Ro.idside  .(85 

Russian  i  586,  f  1396 
St.  Benedict's  3  493 
Scotch,  Silver,  491 
Sow,  Swine,  272 

Spear,  Tall,  485 

Star  493 

American  493 

Swamp,  Way,  489 
Virgin  Mary's  3  490 
Virginia  486 

Water  248 

Wavyleaved  486 

Welted  490 

Yellow     3  4.88,  f  1663 
-spined  3  487 

Thorn  2  240,  250 

(see  Haw)  3  240-5 
Black       3  250;  3  232, 

f  20O3 

Buck  2  250,  405-6 

Chrisl's  f  2006 

Cockspur  3  240 

Common  i  2002 

Do-u  ny  i  2001 

Egyptian  f  2006 

Evergreen  3  245 

I'ire  245 

Dwarf  244 

Glandular  243 

Glaslonbury  1 1995 
Hairy  i  1999 

Haw 

3  341.  f  1991,  1998 
Hay,  Hedge,  241 

Hearl-leaved  i  1994. 
Large-fruited  a  241 
Long-spined  243 

Maize  3  493 

May  2  241 

Mouse  f  411S0 

Narrou  leaved  i  1992 
Newcastle  a  240 

Parsley-leaved  242 
Pear  244 

Pin  ^ '991 

Red-fruited  2  243 

Scarlet  242 

Southern  242 

Tree  i  1996 

Virginia  i  1094 

Washington        2  241 
White      3  241,  f  1993, 
1998,  2062 

'fhorn-apple  3  139,  140, 
f  1991,  19^,  2002 

Thnrn-busli  i  1991 

Red  i  1998 

Thorn-locust         f204i 

-plum  f  1991, 

f  199S.  2002 

poppy  i  1663 


3  4^<) 

37' 

i  461 

3  4H8 

490,  f  4081 

485.  <  .1537 

el  to:,' 

f  1663 

3  272.  490 

4S*9.  *  4"7,S 

3  4><7 

491 

i  493,  *  4074 

3  4«8 

4?6 

4S,S 

4*'9 

1  4S7.  <  4"f\^ 

I4071 

I'K       3  4**9 

ry's        4cri 

4^5 

586,  f  1396 

ct's     3  493 

IvtT,  491 

e,  272 

1,  4X5 

413 
n  492 

'ay,  4J*9 
ry's     3  490 

486 

248 
ed  486 

490 

(  488,  f  1663 

3487 

3  240.  250 
3  240-5 

250;  3  232. 

f  2002 


2  240 
f  2l)02 
f  2(01 
f  2lX)6 

a  245 

245 
244 
243 

*'995 
f  1999 


1991. 


1998 

241 

f  1994 

3  241 

243 
3  493 

2  24t 
f  4<>So 

•avcd  i  1992 

3  340 

ved       242 

244 
f  1991 

1  3  243 

242 

242 

f  1996 

f  K(94 

n         3  241 

241.  f  199.5, 

1998,  21X)2 

3  139.  140, 

,  1998.  2003 
f  1991 
f  1998 

t  12041 

f  I99I. 

I  I99H.  2002 

fi663 


Vol..  III.]      ICNOI.ISII   INI)i:X,  INCLrOING  rOI'l'LAR  PLANT  NAMKS. 


585 


Thoroiigliwax 

*  529;  3  3M 
ThorouKliwort      3  52(1; 

3  3118-11 

Coinnioti,  Hairy,    ,ui 

Hyssop-lcived        yn) 

Liirj;c  flowered       314 

Liite-flowerinif        508 

KimikIi  310 

KoundUavtd         ,ui 

Sniallflowered       ^nci 

Tall  ,5io 

Tiirrey's  .v«) 

White  308 

Wliiie-liracted        ';i,«x 

VervHiti  310 

Thousand  leaf        3  45s 

Thread- foot  2  163 

■aitd-uetUlc         f  10.7 

Three  hi  I  ds  i  11  is 

Three  leaved  Ivy  3  j8s 

■iiiKlitsliade  i  435 

•seeded  Mercury 

3  .565-r, 

Three-square  i  26,s 

Thrift  2  505 

America  n  12827 

European  f  .'S28 

Lavender  3  594 

Throat-root  f  1945 

Throat-wort     3  171,  ys 

Throiigh-gro.o      f  v>27 

Thriim-:tort  ^iSS 

Thunder-//o:i  ( ;• 

f  1455,  1477,  ir,,sq 
•l)laiit  2  1(18 

Thyme  3  87,  115 

Hasil  3  KK),  f  3147 
Creeping  3  115 

rietd  f;,i4(> 

Horse  3  11,8 

Mother  of,  115 

Mountain  '3155 

Shepherd's  3  115 

VirRinia  112 

Wild  11? 

Thyme  leaf  3  455 

Tick  leu  led  1984 

Tickseed  3  313;  3  431-5 
Crtss-leaved  3  432 
Garden  432 

Greater  453 

Hairy  434 

Large-flowered  435 
Larks))ur  433 

LanceUaved  434 

Leafybracteil  437 
Lohed,  Running,  435 
Pink,  Kose,  431 

Star  434 

Stiff  432 

Tall  435 

Thick-leaved  434 

Whorled.  Wood,    433 
Tickseed  Sunflower 

3  439-4» 
Tick-trefoil      3  313-321 
Canadian  2  320 

Cream-flowered  315 
Dillen's  319 

Few- flowered         314 
Hairy,  Small-leaved 
2  321 
Hoary  317 

Illinois  319 

Large-bracted  317 
Long-leaved  317 

Naked-flowered  314 
Panicled  318 

Point-leaved  314 

Prostrate  315 

Rhomb-leaved  318 
Rigid,  Showy.  320 
Ronnd-teaiid  12174 
Sand  3  315 


Tick-trefoil 

Sessile  leaved     3   316 
Smooth  318 

Smooth  Small- 
leaved  \3o 
.Still                         '31(1 
Trailing   3  31(1,  f  2I74 
Velvet-Uaved      3  3i() 
Tick  weed               3  lof) 
Tiger's  mouth  147 
Timothy                   I   147 
Wild                     f32.> 
Tine-grass               3  326 
Tine-tare                      32H 
-ueed                  12211 
Tinker's-weed        3  2.34 
Tips  in,  Tif>sinna 

i  2096 

TiicsoiUfU  rcil       i  183 

Tissuood      f  1652,  2833 

Tithvinal  3  3ko 

Till  :  A'Cit.  Il'/iili  f  2355 

Toad-flax  i  53'),  3  144-7 

Illue  3  146 

Hrooni-leaved  14(1 

Ivy-liavvd  144 

Pale-blue  147 

Round  leaved  145 

.Sharp-pointed         145 

Wild  146 

Yellow  146 

Toiid  glass  (926 

-/;/r  f  1511 

■pif>r,  r«i////><?f  77-87 

■root  i  1554 

Toad's  mouth         3  147 

Toadspit  f888 

Toads-tail  f  (f(> 

Tobacco  3  140-1 

Indian 

3  2tx),  {  3225,  3848 

Ladies'  3  yfc) 

Mountain  472 

Oregon  244 

Poison  f  3221 

J^cal  f  3225 

.Syrian  f  3225 

Wild  3  140,  2(Jo,  1323(1 

II 'Oman's  ^  3848 

Tobacco- .1  viii/        f  1879 

■root  3  244 

•weed  3  305 

Tofieldia  I  400 

Tom  rhumb  3  332 

Tomatillo  3  128 

Tomato  137 

Cherry  137 

Husk  131 

Strawberry 

3  126,  128,  131-2 
Ton/ru,  ^3752 

To  >ii;  lie -grass 

f  1475,  1687,  1689 

Wild  fl688 

Toothache-grass     i  177 

tree  3  353,  506 

Tootli-iiifi  f  2540 

Tootliroot  3  131 

Tooth  wort  3  132,  f  1752 

Purple-flouered 

<  17.VS 
Toper's  Plant  3  228 

Topiiiambour         3  429 
Torches  143 

Tormentil,  Trailing 

3  216 
Torrels  f  724 

Tory-xceed  '  .5019 

Toiich-and-liial    1  2454 
Touch-me-not 

3  403-4,  f  172s 

Wild  i  2388 

Tow-cok  3  340 

'Touer-cress  f  1781 

Tower  Mustard      3  150 


Towntendia       3  550-1 
'Toyuort  ^1752 

Trachelospermum  3    4 
Tragia  3  V'7-8 

Traveller's  Joy    f  15^2 
Treacle-iuustard 


Treacleuort 
Tread-softly 


2  151;  3  .SI.') 
fl6q2 


3  369 


Treasure  of- to: e  f  1813 
Tree-beard  f  904 

Tree-fern  f      8 

Tree-of-heaven  3  355 
Tree  f'rimrose  i  2S79 
Trefoil 

(see  Clover)        3  272 
Dean  622 

Bird's-foot  2.S0 

/Utter  i  2889 

Hlack,  Great,       3  272 
Golden  t  1578 

Heart  2  273 

Hop  275 

Marsh  622 

Mel  i  lot  272 

Shrubby  354 

Sour  345 

Spanish  272 

Water  12889 

ll'hite  f  2083 

Wild  3  275 

Velio:!'  1 2072 

Tra:  clli  r's-delight 

1  2227 

Trick  Madam       1  1.S16 

Ti  idle  1  1736 

Trifoly,  Sea  3  502 

.Sour  f  2250 

Trilisa  3  319 

Trillium,  Rid,  Purple. 

t  1047 

Triiiitv  I910 

Herb-  f  1578 

Trinity  I'iolet      1  2sn 

Trip  Madam        i  1816 

'Trip-toe  i  3434 

Trompillo  f  3214 

Trout  floxnr        I1012 

-lily  f  1012 

'Triie-lo:e  1  1047 

'Trumpet,  Devil'si  3222 

Trumptt-ash  3  199 

Trumpet-Ckeei'ER 

Family  3  ic)S 

Trumpet  Creeper      199 

Trumpet-flower  3  198-9 

Evening  3  605 

Trumpet  Honeysuckle 

3  239 

.Scarlet  1  3461 

Trumpet-leaf         2  160 

-milkweed  3  274 

Trtimpet-vine         3  ic/) 

-weed  274 

Trumpets    3  160;  3  274 

Velio:,'  fis^2 

'Tuberose,  Wild  fli23 

'Tuber- root  1  2900 

'Tulc  f  623-4 

Tulip-tree  3    49 

'Tuli/>  Poplar        1  1542 

Tumble-weed  i  125,  588. 

f  1376,  I  388',  2086 

Tunhoof  '      3    87 

Tunica  3     17 

Tupelo  547 

Large  547 

.S!,amp  i  2723 

Water  3  547 

Turkey-beard         i  401 

■berry  f  3454 

■cla:i'  1  1 140 

-corn  1  1670-1 

-grass  3  220 

■pea    11670,2117,2709 


Tiirk'y 
■pod  1 1770 

-troop  f  1334 

Turmeric,  Indian 

1 1544 

Turmeric-root        3    51 

Turnip  110 

Cree,  Palcota,     1  2096 
Marsh  1 876 

Prairie  3  2H4 

Wild  '876 

Turnpike  Geranium 

^  ,  '574 

Turnsole       3  379,  3  51, 

I  3018 

Turpentine-weed  3  408 

Turrets  f  724 

'Turtle-bloom         i  3244 

Turtle-head      3  14(^150 

'Tussocks  1  362 

Tway-blade  i  473,  47(1-7 

T:,i-foil  f  1 120 

Twin-berry  3  216 

-flower  235 

■grass  1 367 

-leaf  3    92 

■sistets  f  ,5450 

Txio-eyed  berries 

f  34"4.  34,50 
Twisted  stalk 

1  432-3,  1  1 127 
T:io-lips  1  10,89 

T:i'o-penny  grass  i  2815 
Ulim  f  20(1 1 

Umbrella-leaf         2    gi 
■grass  f  044-5 

-leaves  3  470 

Umbrella-tree 

3  47-8,  f  2720 

Fraser's  1  1537 

.Silver-leaf         1  1538 

Umbrella-wort    1  .S95-6 

Uncinia  285 

Unicorn-Plant 

I'AMILY    3  200 
Unicorn-plant 

3  201,  1  1023 

False  1 972 

Unicorn-root  i  402, 

1  972,  I023 

Unicorn' s-horn 

i  972.  1023 
Universe^viiie  1  2776 
I'nlucky-trce  1  114 

Valerian  Family 

3  243 
Valerian  3  244-5,  »  1089 
American 

1  1088,  1092-3 

Cat's  3  2)5 

Common  i.U74 

False  3"  480 

Garden  or  Great      245 

Greek  3    41 

^^arsh  I3473 

Wild     3  244-5,  1  ii>89 

Vandal-root  3  245 

Vanilla,  Carolina       319 

Vanilla-grass 

I  132;  3  502 
Vanilla-leaf, 

-plant      3  319 
I'arnish-tric,  False 

i  2272 

Vegetable-//a;r        1 004 

-oyster  3  269 

■satyr  »  1103 

Velvet-leaf  3  422 

■plant  f  3229 

■  xreed  1  2430 

Velvets         1  2492,  note 

Venus'  Hath  3  248 

-comb  3  531 

-hair  i    27 

-cup  3  248 


586 


I'NdLISH  INDICX,  INCMDINC,  I'dl'fl.AR  I'LANT  NAMHS.      [Vol..  m. 


Vflllls' 

•IdukiiiK  Blast      3  is^i 
■l.riili-   ;I3,  t,\,V,:.  U'li 
Vtrhctiii  3  7')-72 

Vkrvais   I'amii.v 

3     fxi 
\'crvaiti  3  ri^-TJ 

Ame>ua)i  l  .VW 

Ua-e  3  I'lS 

False  •  ,1o?9 

Mallo-.i'  fa4iq 

Vi-lcli,  Aiiaricaii  a  ,^2*1 

lllui-  320 

lliisli  ,129 

Carolina  ,127 

OlKjke  3  KiS 

Cuiiiiiioii  a  ,',2> 

(JoH-  [126 

Hairy  ,?2S 
Milk  3  207-,(ii7 
Narriiwleavnl, 

American  3  t,:<> 

I,oiii:-i.iiia  ,;27 

/'ll/f  f  22ny 

Pclible  3  .12S 

Pill [>te  f  220 s 

Sensitive  Joint-  3  312 
SIl-ikUt  ,^2S 

.Smaller  L'onimon  yi>'\ 
Sinallllowercd  ',27 
Sfl  III:;  f  221 2 

Tnfled  3   ;2i> 

//■//,)'  f  2uS5 

Vetcliling:.  Cream- 

eoloreil     3  •(■,2 

Marsli  y\'< 

Pair  f  2221 

Prairie  3  .vu 

Kliowy  ,v!' 

Yellow  3;2 

Vilmrnuni  3  2.1I-3 

Sueel  2,;2 

Xakiti  f  ;544,5 

Vinceldxicnni     3  17-K) 

Vine,  Willi  a  4lkS 

I'epper  412 

VintKarTree       3,^86-7 

\'iiili:t  I'amilv    2  445 

Violet  3  44(>-56 

Adder s  i  up 

Arrow-leaved      3  44S 

Jleakid  i  2510 

]lird's-foot  a  440 

Bine  ,146-S 

Hob  3  "94 

Ca  la  til  tan  •  2>75 

Canada  3  45,; 

Canker  i  2510 

C"/;  /f  *£•«  -^.f /;  tei  s 

f  24S4 
Coast  3  446 

Ciou/oo!  f  2492 

Dame's  3  154 

Dog,  American      454 
Dou's-tooth         I  420 
White  i  1013 

}'flloif  f  1012 

Downy   }'el/o:c 

*  3503-4 
Early  nine 

2  446,  f  2490,  f  2507 
En(?lish  3  449 

Field  f  2512 

Garden  f  2511 

Great-^/nirred  i  2496 
Green  a  456 

Hairy  1 24SS 

Hairy  Yellow  3  452 
Halberd-leaved,  Yel- 
low 3  452 
Hand -lea/  f  2484 
//f  «.r  f  25115 
Hood-lea^  f  2484 
Hooded  Blue      3  447 


Vi<ili-t 
Hiose,  /lones/iiie, 

i  2492 
Johnny  jnniiinii 

J    4.Sv   f   2)^1.    2(.|2 

Klilney  lea\cd  3  4S1 
I.anre  kaveil  4il 

/.ci;  <  i/iji;  f  2pii 

I.ong-Hpurred  3  iss 
Match  1(0 

Marsh  a  450  ;  3  10 1 
Marsh  llhie  3  520 

Meadow  lUue  3  417 
Nodilintf  4,vJ 

Niiltall  s  452 

0\.itc  leaved  41^ 

I'iile  451 

I'alisy  45S 

I'rairie  a  417 

JWA'.v  f25..i 

PrimroseUaved 

a  451 
Prostrate  Blue  451 
PalllesiKike's 

t  1012,  2401 
Round-leaved  3  440 
Sand  45 1.  f  2490,  2402 
Selkirk's  a  4io 

Smoiithish  Yellow  45, i 
Southern  Wood 

2  447 
Snake  f  2402 

.Spear-leayed  f  2502 
.Sf^adeliiif'  f  2|.ii. 

Stef'iiii'llier  f  251 1 
Striped  3    i^; 

.S.'K/  f  ;vV:i5.  ,Uoi 

Sweet  3  441J 

Aiiierieaii 

i  2497,  2505 
Sweet  Whilf  3  45.1 
TriauKle-le.ived  3  520 
'I'rinllv  12511 

I'elz'els  i  2402.  note 
Water  3  sSo,  f  2-'io 
»•.,.„'  f  2(92 

Ifliorl-le.if  f25il 
Woolly  nine  4i> 

Yard  3  510 

Yellow  2  452-; 

Viper's-buRloss      3    (u 
-herb,  -grass,  <*i 

Vir(finia-cree]ier    3  415 
■iilk  i  2914 

Virgin's  I'.ower 

a  67-!?.  f  2120 
Purple  3    71 

Wafer  Ash  554 

Wahoo        I  525'  3  394, 
3  414,  f  1251-2 

U'aila-hit  i  1054 

Wake -robin 

I  4/1-,'-,  f  >76 
Duarf  U'liite  f  lii(5 
dreen  3  511 

I'irgiiiia  f  ^7,"^ 

Purple  ^  1047 

Slioiif  i  1045 

Walking-fern  i    21 

-/fa/  f  4^ 

Wall-cress  3  146 

see  Rock-cress 

Wall-flower,  Western 
3  152,  f  2S9S 

U'atlink  f  52A,s 

U'all-nioss  f  iXii 

Wall-pepper  3  i()b 

-rue  I    25 

•rocket  3  120 

Walnit  Family  i  48,5 

Walnut    1  4*^3-5,  f  1 154 
Lemon  i  11 50 

Satin  fi,H,«- 

Sueet  i  1 1 54 

Wat  pole  tea  f  3y,6 


ll'aiiitei  iiii;  /eiiii  1 

f  2S15 

WanderiuK  Jew     3  m 

■niiHueed  fl^'^.y 

■\aili>i  1  2S|5 

Wankapin     a  45,  f  1527 

il'.nli),  k         f  1701,  1707 

Warinot  3  46  ( 

Wait  I  rts-^       3  III.  1 1,1 

•grass  379 

-weed         a  379,  f  2,(13 

-Wort  3  402, 

<  I(«)l,  2JV 

ll'atelies.  fhiinl'i  1S01-2 

Water  agtinioiiy     3  437 

■aielier  f  loi 

•aril  III  I  ,Vi.l 

-awlwoit  a  II  p 

•  biaii  45 

■beecll        1  5ofi,  f  I.«SI 

-blinks  a       4 

-blob  51 

•cabbage  44 

-,  ainvimt  f  3I>2 

-ciltrop  a  ,S')0 

-(•.(//  f  1529 

-carjiet  a  181 

■lelei  V  i  2i\S,  1612 

■cliistnnt  a  ,5oli 

-chick  weeil  3  4,  t  1472 

-cliink.ipin  3    45 

Wattrr-ciess  a  126.  f  1703 

American  a  131 

da  lie  t  3403 

Creeping  Yellow 

3  124 
I.ak<:  127 

Marsh.  Yellow,  125 
Miuiiilaiii  f  1732,  I7U 
Round  leaved  3  131 
■/';  lie  f  1721 

W.iter  crowfoot 
White  3     ,S4 

Yellow  73 

Water  cnp    2  5Vi,  f  '^'>2 
-.■(".'iVi-  '       fSS2 

-dragon  3  51,  f  Sso 

-dropwort  3  513,  f  2630 

-elm  '    1  520 

•eryiic;o  f  20(10 

-feather  2  5>6 

-fennel  3S2 

■fern  f  S 

W'liler.fla:;  f  io6i| 

Yellou'  f  1077 

Water-gladiole        3  2,57 

■;^oi;f;le^  f  1545 

-r;ou  an  I  1545 

-:,rra.<:s  i  1721.  2703 

-!,'•»  W/  f  2722 

-hemlock  2  5,6 

-hemp  t  591 

-hickory  4>5 

-hoarlionnd  3  117-1,^ 
-/essainine  f  3275 

Watkk  Ij;af  Family 

3    4,1 
Water-leaf  43-44,  t  1409 
-ten  Ills  f.HSg 

Water  Lily  Family 

3    41 

Water-lily  f  8*1 

C.reat  a    45 

Little  i  1526 

Sweet-scented       a  44 

Tuberous  44 

White  3  44-5 

ll'ater-lily  Tree    i  1537 

Water  Marigold     3  440 

Watkr-M  I  LI-OIL 

Family  a  500 
Water-milfoil 

3  503-5,  i  l62fi 

Hooded  3  191 

Water-melon  3  250 


W.itcr 

■  naieluorl 

f  2616.  270,^ 
•nerve  root  (  ji/)j 

WatekNit  Family 
3  .500 

Water  nut  f  1534 

Swiinining  3  51// 

Water  nymph  3    41 

(lals  i  128 

Water-Parsnir  3  532 

Carson's  532 

C  reepiiii,'-  f  270I 

Clltleavtil  a  ,53s 

IlemUick  ,532 

Lesser  538 

Narrow-leaved  538 

Water-pennywort 

3  5V)-4i 

-pepper  I  5(10 

-pimpernel  a  5S7 

W.XMCk  PL.W TAIN- 

I'amilv  i    84 
Water-plantain 

1  85;  3  208 
■poplar  11172 

-purslane  a  470,  476 
-;  ii.iti  f  911) 

-\ri,>,  -skes^.f  i  1077 

■slianiiiiik  f  l^Sif 

-shield  a  41-a 

-spikei  any  Polaiiio^e- 
tmi )  i  142-175 

-speedwell  3  IH7 

WAri;l<  Si  AKWCiRT 

Fa.mii.v  a  3R1 

Water-starwott    3  3S1-2 

-t.irget  '     42 

-thyme  I    93 

■  tnl-ill  f  136 
■trefoil  i  2s'ji9 
-tU]>elo  a  517 
-violet  5s6 
-weid  1  93 
-willow  3  204 

WATF.KwokT  Family 

2  4.17 
Waterwort  3  437-8 

Water-yarrow  586 

Waxlierry 

I  488,  f  1 160.  3451 
Wax-'ivi/;  f  2550 

■dolls  i  1680 

Wax  Myrtle  i  4S8 

ll'ax-piiiks  i  1437 

■plant  t  14,50 

Wax-weed  2  473 

Wax-work  39(1 

Rovtnnv  i  2370 

Way-breail  3  ;ii6 

Wayfaring  Tree  229 

Wa\-,i^rass  i  1337 

Waythorn  a  405 

Weat/iercoek  f  2388 

Weather-glass         2  593 
Weleoineloonr^J/oiise 

f  23.17 
Weld  3  158 

Well-^rass  tiyii 

Western  Dropwort 

f  1888 
Wheat-grass 

I  227-8;  3  507-8 

Whin  3  270 

Cat  232 

Dyer's  271 

Whip-grass  f  663 

W/iippooruill       f  1089 

-boots  t  1801 

■slioe     i  1089-90,  1801 

Whip-tongue  3  219 

Whistle-wood  3  399,  414 

■White-Alder  Family 

3548 

White-alder  3  548,  f  2771 


M         a  5'" 
l>li        a   44 

i    138 

nit-        3  ,V52 

5.(3 

f  i7-' 
5.13 

.      s.vs 

lywiirt 

2  5,?')-4r 
I   S'k) 

\M  AI.V 
AMILY    I     84 
taill 

I  85;  3  S')** 

{1173 

}  470,  476 

f  9") 
;.t  f  IC177 

i  f  3^Sy 

3  41-3 
ly  Polaiiini;!- 
f  "42-175 
11  3  it>7 

\K\VI1RT 
AMILV   3  .^Sl 
VOtl     3   ,lSl-3 
42 

f  nr) 

f  3S»9 

a  517 
I    93 

3   2o| 

Rf  Family 

3  437-,S 
u\v  586 


f  i6S(i 

e  I  4S8 

!  *  '■♦37 

f  145" 

3  47,3 

i  3370 

3  306 

Tree         229 

i  i,U7 

2  4K5 
r^-  f  2j8S 
ass  3  593 
1-oiir-llousc 

i  2337 

3  I5H 
fl73l 

f  1888 

27-3;  3  507-8 

3  271) 

232 

271 

rt  f  663 

It///       f  1089 

f  1801 

1089-90,  I 80 I 

ue  3  219 

ood  3  399.  414 

DER  Family 

2  548 

!r3  548,f277i 


Vol..  III.]     I'NGLISII  INDKX,  INCLl'OING  POPL'r..\R  l'L.\NT  NAMES. 

While  Allison  i  1775 

■apph-  i  any 

■Arri)w-artiiii  i  362 

Whili-tish  Jlerb  f  3703 

U'liile-hai  k  f  1164 

-Imy            3  41,  f  1652 

■  hiiiilx  t  1555 
-/'■'"  f  1443 

■  liiHjamiii  f  1048 

•  /"/i//  f  2734,  2771 
-ciuiktrwefd  3  38() 
■caf>  fi^-vt 
■coiilu'oii  i  1842 
-daisy  3  457 

•  />,:■//  f3Sn" 
■frinsii:  f  284,5 
-;'«w  f  |■i^o 

•  hflU-li(in',  .\m   I  4118 
Wliilelieart  Hickory 

I  4S6 
White  Miinsfoot  3  31.7 

•weed  3  457 

Wliite-ii.i/(V  127')') 

■robin  f  145s 

■lOOl  i  3()<X) 

■  i.isin-iire  f  112 
-s.ifre  I  sM 
■.iiKi/>:,nr/  t  1456 
■tliorn  3  2|i 
-walnut  I  4S4-5 
-weed  3  457 
-Wudd               3  41J.  414 

ll'/iiii-.i  f3S4 
Wliitlow-pniss     3  140-4 

Alliiiie  144 

ArctiL.  141 -2 

I'.rancliir.g  3  142 

C.iroliiia  141 

('.olden  143 

Hoary  142 

.Sliiirt-fniited  14;, 

Twisted  142 

Vernal  140 

AV'edne-leaved  141 

Wood  143 

Wliitlow-wort  3  3S-() 

Wliitleii-trce  3  221) 

/r//('//i.-..i;7  f 
AViiortlclierry 

Iliig  2  ,S7'J 

///lie  f  27711 

(r'iiiii/  {  2788 

Red  3  580 

.Si/ua:c'  i  2-c/i 

ll'/ikaii-e  f  3Mi 
Wick,  Wickens 

....  ,  f  524.  1995 

//  nkf  I  2770 

Wukiip 

f  2411,  2535.  2571 

IiiiUan  f  2566 

Wicky  2  563 

WiiOpy         i  2535.  2566 

Hi  lb  i  2560 

Widow's  Cross  3  167 
}rildiiig-liee  i  i(»S2 
llilgers  i  1194 

Willow  Family  i  490 
Willow  494 

Altnond-lcaf     f  1175 

Arctic  I  502 

Ausicr  f  1 194 

Dalsain  i  504 

Uarclay's  504 

Jiaskct  f  1 194 

Bay  f  2566 

neaked  f  1184 

Bearberry  i  505 

Hebb's  498 

Hitter  497 

Itlack        I  494,  f  1175 
Hcylhf-leaf 

f  1173  var. 

B/ooming  f  2566 

Blue  I  496 


587 


I  3299 


WiUnw 

Ho«  I  505,  (  11H7 

llrittle  I  49') 

llro.id-Iea\e<l  ,503 

/•'u.\/i  f  ii8j 

Cane  Wilhy 

f  117S  v.ir  2 
Coiudikii  till  Input  II 
I117S 
■Ou'ei  t  I  Ml 

Crack  I  49(1 

Crane  ^  !l\"^ 

Ihiik  l.oui^Uaf 

ft!8<j 

Desert  I  50  I 

OiaiiU'iHl  f  12  H) 

Jir.iofiiiii;  i  Il7'i 

/tuck  fii7^ 

iJwarf  I  ,so3 

I)warf('.ray  4110 

Flc:,  eriiii;  t  2V^i> 

J'l rncii  i  irt'ifi 

I'urry  i  304 

('<irO  f  1179 

t'flaucou.H  I  491) 

(ilosdy  4C)5 

< '.olden  Osier  4(16 

C'.round  I  ,502,  f  1319 
Hairy  i  498 

Heart-leaved  505 

//irb-/ik<-  fij,)") 

Hoary  i  501 

Huniinx<loii  4m'i 

/.•>■/./  fl|s( 

/^oiii,'-/e(7/'  f  iiSi 

Lou  -hirili  i  1 1  S3 

Missouri  I  si>', 

.^rol■k  i  iSN; 

.Uti//e  i  1204 

Aarrou-leaZ'eii  i  i  isi 
Net-veined  I  497 

Northern  ,soi 

Osier  i  4c/>.  51M,  f  iiM 
Peach-leaved  i  4(13 
Persian  i  25'/) 

Prairie 

I  4.1S,  f  1185.  1 11)1 
Primrose  3  4Sn 

Purple  I  497 

Pussy  I  490,  f  1173 
AV./  f  1181,  2714 

Redifooil  f  1177 

Ring-  I  496 

River-hank  407 

Roman  2  6nii 

Rose  1  497.  f  2714 
Robert  Urown's  i  502 
Saife  1499.  f  "93.  2549 
Sandbar  i  497 

Scvllie-leufcd 

i  1173  var. 
Shining  I  403 

Slu  lib  i  M'Si 

.Silky  I  4119 

.Silver  I  500,  f  1 187 
Slender  i  31X) 

Snap  <  1177 

.Sla,i;'s  head  f  1177 
.Vri  amp  i  1173,  1187 
Sueet  i  1 159 

Tea-leaved  i  302 

T:ii!>  Wilhy  i  1194 
Varnished  f  "77 
Virginia  3  i,'>7 

Ward's  i  493 

Water  3  2(34 

Weeping  i  40''i 

Whipcord  497 

AVhite  I  496,  f  liHi 
Wrinkteira/  fii82 
)>//.).•!■  f  1178  var,  2. 
Willow  Herb  3  4S3-6 
Alpine  482 

Jlay  i  2566 

Hroad-Ieaved       3  481 


Willow  Herb 
I)i»vny  3  48? 

/•■//■)(,  //  f  2Slil) 

Hold, 11  i  281  I 

C.re.it  3  481 

('.real  Hairy  4,S2 

Ho(jdiiI  3    H3 

Hornein, inn's  i  4S3 
I.inearleaved  4^3 
Marsh  4^3 

.^nH  f  35)6,  25  j<) 

Night  3  4Mi> 

Norlhi-rn  4.^4 

Panieled  48) 

Purple  12510 

Purple-leaved  3  4^4 
Piirpli  :;  iiiid  t  2373 
PimperiH  I  3  4>»2 

.Soft  4S3 

.Spiked  3  ,(73,  4,^1 

Sw.imp  3  471,  481 

r, //,..•,■  fj^ii 

Wlllou-n.ik  fr23S 

Willoti   ueid        f  1  110, 

f  1324.  1327.  2549 

W  illow-worl  3  3,^7 

Wind  3    20 

Wind-berry  3  3>o 

Wiiid-flow(!r  3    114 

f  1380,  1383.  1732 

Red  i    t)3 

Wind-root  3      3 

•rose  3  loo 

Windlrs  3  207 

Windlestraw 

I  rri7,  f  3S7 

Wiuelierry 

3  5-lo,   f  1^70,  1S73 
//•(■(•  i  1973 

Wing-seed  3  3^; 

■sirm  i  3-,2 1 

Jl  nik-ii-p(i  p  i  2S24 

Winlerherry 

2  301'-,!,  f  233(')-'i-, 

Win/ii-l'/.'oni        t  1879 

Winter-cherry 

3  132,  f  23'<7 
-clover  3  2i(j 

-cress  2  122 

-r.il  f  1 3S0 

Wiiili  r  <'!i a^s        i  74S 

Wl.STlCRr,RKi;x 

Family    2  549 

Wititcrgreen 

3  530-3,  f  2756 

Pi  Iter  i  27  'S 

B"g  3  551 

duckweed  31^2 

Creeping  372 

F'alse  3   530 

Flowering  3  3(31 

Greenish -dowered  330 
Larger  330 

Lesser  332 

Liver-leaf  531 

One-flowered  533 

One-sided  532 

Pear-le.ived  550 

Round-leaved  330 

.Serrateil  552 

Sharp  pet.ded  531 
Shin-leaf  3  550,  f  2727 
Spicy  i  2773 

Spotted  3  553 

Spring  372 

Wtnter-pink  '2774 

■plum  f  2S31 

■  rock  el  i  1709 

-.(.■irrV  *3153 

-weed       3  170,  f  1473 

ll'iri  -qrass     t  021),  1337 

Wire-iing  '     3  3.83 

-ured  f  1337,  381x3 

Wistaria,  Amer.  3  394 
Long-clustered   3  317 


Wistaria 

Woody  f  21  Jo 

VVitcli-.(/./?>-  f  1N7.H 

-gowan  3  371 

■hohW, ,  -hopple. 

<,llU-,5 
Witch  II. v/KL  Family 

3    103 

Witch  Hizel  103 

-wood       3  V)5,  f  1075 
Witches'  bills 

3  25 1,  401 

■  ini/k  t  3(113 

-monev-hags       f  iSii 

■pouches    '  f  1753 

-thituliles  3  401,  f  .VV"1 

Witherod    3  2i2,  f  mo 

.Wiked  '      \  3443 

//  ilheicood  i  34.10,  ,394.1 

Willi -hind  I  2954 

Wilhv  T-rii;  f  ii94 

Wo.id.  II  lid  i  179.S 

Woad  waxen  J  271 

H'o/isi/noi;  lais       f  270 

Wode-whistle         3  332 

Wolfberry  3  2\6 

Wollhella  3  ,v«j 

Wolf-foot  116 

llol/'s-liane  f  1350,  1307 

Trailing  3    'n 

Woirs-ihnrs  t  i/i 

Wolf's-milk  3  379 

Wood  Betoiiy 

3  i.x),  116,  i.-<6 

Woodbind  3     25 

Woodbine  3  413, 

f  1582,  2031,  34(ii 

Americ.in         3  237-8 

Carolina  Wild     3  00,3 

I'lagrant  3  237 

Rough  23.H 

siiitiii  134.58 

Woodbrooni  3' 248 

■cress.  }',llo:o     f  1717 

■do:,  ei  f  i^-t} 

-lily  3  532,  f  1041 

-nep  3  33S 

-rip,  -rowel.         3  227 

WoodrnlT,  Sweet    3  227 

Wood-rush  I  30(3-8 

Wiiol)  SliRRF.L  I'.VMILV 

2   344 

\\  ood-s(irrel         3   Ui-7 

I'nrple  f  2231 

Wood-sour  3  343, 'f  1(340 

ir,iod-:,a.i  t  2.162 

Woodsia,  see  Fern  I  10 

Woollen  3  143 

Woolly  Pipe-vine  i  541 

irorl,rs^:ronilt  r    f  141/1 

Worm-grass  3  (J05 

\\'oriii-seed  i  573,  3  1.31 

Worni:,,,d  i  1796 

Wornnvood  3  462-6 

.\nmial  3  463 

Beach  465 

Biennial  463 

Canada  402 

Comtuoii  464 

Hungarian  466 

Linear-leaved         463 

Northern  462 

Roman  295,  466,  f  1673 

Sea  3  463 

Silky  463 

Silvery  4(33 

Tall  462 

Wild  462 

Wormwood-sage   463-4 

Woundwort  3  97-8,  337 

Downy  521 

Soldiers  433 

Wulfenia  166 

Wr,n's  Flozver     f  3240 

Wymote  3  415 


588 


KNGLISII  INDEX,  INCLUDING  I'OrULAR  PLANT  NAMES.      [Vol.  IIT. 


Yam  Kamii.v 

1  44(. 

Yellow-eyed  ( 

rasB          1 

Yam-root,  Wild 

■t-17 

I 

360-70  1 

Var) 

f  I.Sl.? 

)'f!lou-flo;!rr 

f  170,? 

Yarrow 

.■?  4,SS 

■fiumlnr 

f  2721 

Wiiter 

2   5S6 

YiUiiw  Koot  2 

51 

*  1551 

Yau])oti        2   (91 

i  -MS7 

Shrub 

2     55 

)'a:i  nil)/ 

f  2,V.6 

YfUow-stcd 

1 1 1 

y'fllo:i'lm>k 

f  1  2(2 

■ski  1,'S 

f  1077 

-Ihlh 

f  1012 

-star 

3  15" 

■  hhil's  /YVm/ 

f  2740 

-starwurt 

4") 

■  i:yi- 

f  i,S44 

-top 

3  341 

YEtxow-Ivvr.n  ( 

iKASS 

■/I'/'S    (any 

( 

iililen- 

FAM1L^ 

•    ■    368 

>()</) 

3  33 '-49  i 

Yellow-weed  (any  1 

(io/d,  iiro(l) 

2  15S;  3  344. 

f  1615,  1798,  37o,S 

Yellow  wood  2  S5. 

f  I2S9,  2270,  2,^54,  2S,^2 

Anurioan  3  264 

Kentucky  264 

Prickly  f  2270 

1l't!,l  hiitiiin      i  2270 

\'ellou-uorl,     ParsUy- 

1  caved  i  155^ 

YcUoiis  i  1092 


Yew  Family 
Yew,  American 

Dual/ 
Yorksliire-y()f 

■sauicle 
Youth-wort 
Zannichellia 
Zeus'-wheat 
/inula,  Prairie 
Zizaniopsis 
Zizia,  liebb's 
Zornia 
Zy^adeuus 


I  61 

61 

i  135 

1 3X4 

3  '04 

2    Hil 

I     80 

2  596 

3  412 

I  128 

a  534 

3'3 

1  404-6 

CORRECTIONS   AND   ADDITIONS  TO   ENGLISH   INDEX. 


p.  S56.  After  ARrimony,  Water,  read  \f,\w-ha> k, 
-i^rass,  -root,  -tree.  .\ndroBace,  read  2  586. 
Arrow-head,  read  i  8S-90. 

p.  557.  Ash,  Ox,  read  2  595.  Aster,  /Icnrrrd, 
re.id  f  3752-3;  after  Frostweed,  insert  Golden 
3  •(2,1.  For  Au  III  Jericho,  read  Aunt  Jcrichos. 
After  Bachelor's  iiuttons,  insert  f  1456,  4077. 

p.  5,sS.  I'or  llear-grass,  read  Bear-grass  i  427, 
f  284,  1027,  2474.  Ileai's-inoss,  read  Heni's- 
i^rass.  After  Hellwcirt  insert  Hellyache  H'reil 
f  3676.  Heaver  tree,  read  2  48.  For  Heliuo, 
re.id  Ilelene.  Bennet  Pimpernel,  read  3  526. 
Birch,  Alpine,  read  f  1218.  Black-.f(j«(V/c, 
read  f  2664.  Black  Snaker  it,  read  2  52,?. 
liladdercanipion,  read   2  9. 

p.  359.  Blue-caps,  read  3  249,  f  4076,  Boneset, 
Tall,  read  3  307.  After  Bronie,  for  A'i'c,  read 
Smoolli  A'ye.     Urooin-grass,   read  f  216,   219. 


Under  Buckeye,  Sweet,  insert  Western  2  401. 
Buckthorn,  Alder,  read  2  406,  f  2394.  Bur, 
Canadian,  read  f  36(10. 

560.  Butter-flowers,  Great,  read  f  1545.  But- 
ternut, carry  f  3539  to  Butterweed.  Ciltrop, 
Water,  read  2  $tio.  Camomile,  Yellow,  read 
3  450.  For  Cane-brake,  read  Cane-hrake  f  342. 
Cassena,  read  2  391.  Catalpa,  Hardy,  read 
f  3368,  Cat's-clover,  read  2  280.  Cat's-latI, 
read  Cat's-tail,  2501;  for  //lne,  read  /tine 
Cal's-lail.    Under  Cheeses,  for  Tiog,  read  Doll. 

562.  Alter  Cop.alm,  insert  Cofiperleaf  i  2726. 
After  Crashes  insert  Crawbcrrv  i  2343,  2799. 

568.  Crass,  Rot,  re.ad  3  191,  *  3^4- 

569.  Crass,  Whorl,  read   i  194.     Croundsel, 
for  Cross-leaved,  read  Cress-leaved  3  4S1. 
574.     Morpeeo,  Red,  read  f  1639. 


Vol 

..  IIT. 

I    6i 

n 

6i 

f  i.VS 

l3X+ 

3  'Ot 

2    Ihl 

I     80 

2  5<)6 

e 

3  4>2 

I   128 

3   S.U 

3'.? 

I 

4(4-6 

^. 


em  2  4111. 
394.    Bur, 

54S.  V.Mt- 
Caltrop. 
low,  rta<l 
aie  f  SV-- 
rd\\  read 
Oirs-ftul, 
ead  I'liie 
read  Doll. 
f(7/f  2726. 
«.  2799- 

Iroundsel, 

1  4*^"- 


